The Parliamentary gazetteer of Ireland

Each story keeps the passage it was read from. Open one to read it as the scan has it, and, where the companion has written its own telling, that too. The passages are read off photographs of the page by machine, so a word here and there comes out wrong; they are kept as the reading produced them, so you can check any of them against the scan.

1. Tramore Bay's dangerous reputation

   near Tramore Bay · bay · Waterford

   Tramore Bay, west of Brownstown Head, penetrates 2 miles but is open, rocky, and swept by rapid tidal currents. Often mistaken in hazy weather for the entrance to Waterford Harbour, it is one of the most dangerous pieces of water on the Irish coast.

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   Dublin bay — famous for the exquisite beauty of its shores and the dazzling brilliance of its seaboard — penetrates the land 7 miles westward, has ordinary tides of 9 feet, and spring tides of 13 feet ; and, though highly barred and of troublesome navigation at the head, possesses on its south side the fine artificial harbour of Kingstown. The principal harbours between Dublin bay and Wexford Harbour, are those of Wicklow and Arklow ; but the latter is bad, the former is indifferent, and every minor one is subordinated at best to the precarious accommodation of fishing craft. Off the middle of the coast of Wicklow, the tidal stream sets fr^m north to northeast, and spring and neap tides rise respectively 12 and 7 feet ; 10 miles off Cahore Point, the stream sets north by east half-east, and spring and neap tides rise respectively 14 and 7 feet, and 15 miles off the entrance of Wexford Harbour, the stream sets north-north-east, and spring tides rise 13 feet. Wexford Harbour, though narrow at the entrance, penetrates the land 6j miles westward, and expands interiorly to an extreme breadth of 8 miles ; but it has a bar at the mouth, and is everywhere shallow, and encumbered with shifting sands. At 20 miles south-east of Camsore Point, the stream sets north-north-east half-east, and spring and neap tides rise respectively 17 and 9 feet ; and at 8 miles south-south-east of Camsore Point, the stream sets north-east by north to east, and spring and neap tides rise respectively 14 and 6^ feet. Tacumshane Lough, immediately west of Camsore Point, and the waters of Ballyteigue and other bays between Crossfemogue Point and Hook Head, are so shallow that they can scarcely boast the dignity of even very minor havens. Waterford Harbour enters between co. Wexford and co. Waterford, attains an extreme interior breadth of 3^ miles, extends 11^ miles northward to the confluence of the Suir and the Barrow, and 4^ miles farther up the Suir to the city of Waterford ; and, besides connecting the valuable navigation of the Barrow and the Suir with the ocean, it is so deep as to carry vessels of IKX) tons up to the city, and also possesses on its west side and near its entrance the pretty and convenient mail-packet station of Dunmore. Alland's bay, between Swiney Head and Brownstown Head, is a mere open sweep, walled round with bluff shores. The tidal current, 4^ miles south of the entrance of this bay, runs at the rate of three miles in the hour. Tramore bay, immediately west of Brownstown Head, penetrates the land to the extent of 2 miles ; but it is quite open, — ^it has foul and rocky ground, — it is swept by a very rapid tidal current, — it becomes trembling and tempestuous in any wind between the south-south-east and the west-south-west ; and, being often mistsken in hazy weather for the entrance to Waterford Harbour, it is one of the most dangerous pieces of water within the whole circle of the Irish coast. The chief marine indentations between Tramore bay and Dungarvan Harbour, are Bonmahon bay, Ballydowan bay, Blind Cove, and donea bay; but all are unsheltered, and of comparatively small value. Dungarvan Harbour BMasures 6 miles across the entrance, and penetrates the land to the extent of 5 miles ; but it is all shallow, principally dry at low water, and not deeper at the town than 9 feet in spring tides. Hhe principal marine indentations between Dungarvan bay and the estuary of the Blackwater, are Moggort's bay, Ardmore bay, and Whiting bay ; but, in a general view, they are small, open, wmd iroD-bovBd. The estuary of the Blackwater or Youghal Harbour, suddenly contracts from 4

   Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 7

2. Athlone Castle built under King John

   Athlone · town · Westmeath · 1199–1216

   A strong castle was built at Athlone as early as the reign of King John to command the passage of the Shannon. It stands on a spur of the hill occupied by the upper part of the Connaught town.

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   Fortificationt.'] — A strong castle, to command the passage of the Shannon, was built at Athlone, as early as the reign of King John. Walls round the lauff sides of each of the two divisions of the town probably were soon afterwards constructed; and they appear to have been either increased, or at least repaired and strengthened, in the reign of Elizabeth. On the Connaught &ide, scarcely any traces now exist of either walls or gates ; but on the Leinster side, a considerable extent of wall still survives amidst a pressure of obscuring houses, and a gateway, perforating one of the old square towers, and exhibiting marks of the cannonade upon the town in the war of the Revolution, still aflfords egress near the river to a principal thoroughfare toward the north. The castle, consisting in small part of the original structure, and chiefly of subsequent additions and re-erections, stands on a spur or oflfset of the hill whose shoulders and summit are occupied by the upper part of the Connaught town; and while overlooked from behind by the houses in the vicinity, it in front, or towards the flat along the river, looks sheer down over a stupendous artificial wall. Insulated in the castle's court or area, stands a decagonal tower, the oldest or only original part

   Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog

3. Baggotrath fortification near Dublin

   near Baggotrath · townland · Dublin · 1600–1699

   A former fortification called Baggotrath stood near Ball's Bridge on the south side of Dublin Bay, about 1.5 miles from Dublin Castle. In the 17th century it was the scene of military operations on the night before the Battle of Rathmines, but hardly a vestige of the building survived by 1846.

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   BAGGOTRATII, a quondam fortaHce, in the vicinity of Ball's Bridge, on the south side of Dublin bay, 1.^ mile from Dublin Castle, co. Dublin, Lein.ster. In the 17th century, this castle was the scene of some military operations on the night preceding the battle of Ratumines : see that article. Hardly a vestige of the building now exists.

   BAGGOTRATH, a village in the pariah of Donnybrook, barony and county of Du>)lin, Leinster. Area, 30 acres. Pop., in 1841, 47B. Houses 35.

   Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 147

4. Ballyconra, seat of the Earl of Kilkenny

   Ballyconra · townland · Kilkenny

   A little above the village of Ballyragget is Ballyconra, described as the seat of the Earl of Kilkenny. Nearby seats include Mount Deland and Grange, belonging to Mr. Messom and Mr. Stennard respectively.

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   Whiteboys. Ballyragget Hall, in the immediate vicinity of the village, succeeded the castle as the noble abode of the ' Butlers of Ballyragget,' the main branch of the Mountgarret family ; and it Is now the property and seat of Mr. Kavanagh of Borris, in co. Carlow, who acquired it by descent from the Butlers. The male line of the Butlers of Ballyragget terminated, a generation or two ago. in the persons of Dr. James Butler, titular, or Roman Catholic, archbishop of Cashel. and George Butler, Esq., his brother. A little above the village is Ballyconra, the seat of the Earl of Kilkenny; and in the neighbourhood are Mount Deland and Grange, the seats of Mr. Messom and Mr. Stennard. Area of the town, 68 acres. Pop., in 1831, 1,629; in 1841, 1,577. Houses 280.

   BALLYRAGHAN, an alias name or a misnomer of Bally vaus:han, barony of Burren, co. Clare, Munstcr. See Ballyvaughak.

   Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 152

5. Belfast Academy instituted in 1786

   near Belfast · city · Antrim · 1786

   The Belfast Academy was instituted in 1786, serving as one of the principal educational institutions in the north of Ireland. The Royal Belfast Academical Institution was also noted as practically serving the education of Protestant Dissenting ministers.

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   The colleges for theology, science, and literature, and the schools of medicine and surgery in Ireland, are Trinity College, Dublin, incorporated in 1591, and opened for students in 1593 ; the College of St. Columba, in the county of Meath, opened on Aug. 1, 1843, in strict and exdusiye connection with the United Church <k England and Ireland ; the Royal College of St. Patrick, at Maynooth, instituted by act of parliament, in 1795, for the education of Roman Catholics ; St. Patrick's College at Carlow, St. Jarlath's College at Tuam, and St. Patrick's College at Armagh, for the education of Roman Catholics ; the Roman Catholic Coll^^ at Dublin for Foreign Missions i the Royal Belfast Academical Institution, practically for the education of Protestant Dissenting ministers ; the Belfeist Academy, instituted in 1786 ; the King and Queen's College of Physicians in Ireland, founded by charter of Charles II. ; the School of Physic in Ireland ; the Association of Graduates in Medicine of Trinity College, Dublin, instituted in 1837 ; the Association of Members of the King and Queen's College of Physicians in Ireland, instituted in 1816 ; the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland ; the School of Surgery ; the Dublin Obstetrical Society, establiiJied in 1838 ; the Theatre of Anatomy and School of MecUcine and Surgery, in Peter-^reet, Dublin ; the Apothe* caries' Hall of Ireland ; the School of Medicine of the Apothecaries* Hall of Ireland ; the Society of Apothecaries, established in 1835 ; and the Medical Association of Ireland, established in 1839. The principal literary and scientific institutions have their seat in Dublin, and are the Royal Dublin Society, the Royal Irish Academy, the Royal Hibernian Academy, the Royal Irish Art Union, the Royal Zoological Society, the Geological Society, the Dublin Natural Histoiy Society, the Civil Engineers' Society of Ireland, the Royal Institute of Architects, the Dublin Mechanics* Institution, the Royal Agricultural Society, the Royal Horticultural Society, and the Practical Floral and Horticultural Society. One hundred and two local farming societies exist throughout Ireland, in connection with the Royal Agricultural Society. The number of newspapers in the course of publication in the boroughs of Ireland, at the close of 1843, were 7 in Belfast, 1 in Carlow, 1 in Ennis, 3 in Cork, 1 in Ballyshannon, 1 in Downpatrick, 2 in Newry, 22 in Dublin, 2 in Ennis^ kUlen, 1 in Tuam, 2 in Gbdway, 3 in Tralee, 2 in Kilkenny, 2 in Limerick, 3 in Londonderry, 1 in Longford, 2 in Drogheda, 1 in Ballina, 2 in Castlebar, 1 in Achill, 1 in Monaghan, I in Maryborough, S in Boyle, 2 in Sligo, 1 in Nenagh, 2 in Clonmel, 3 in Waterford, 2 in Athlone, and 2 in Wexford. The number of stamps issued for newspapers for a series of years from 1827 to 1841, both inclusive^ shows an increase of circulation of nearly double the amount at its commencement : —

   Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 88

6. Coal boring trials at Annaghmore

   Annaghmore · townland · Tyrone

   In the parish of Clonoe, trials were conducted by boring in clay beds to find coal beneath. In the townland of Annaghmore, two trials were continued to a depth of 294 feet without reaching the red sandstone below.

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   The tertiary formations of Ireland are less extensive than those of England, and are probably of lacustrine origin. "The most important deposit belonging to this class is situated along the southeastern margin of Lough Neagh, between Washing bay near Mountjoy Castle in the county of Tyrone, and Sandy bay in the county of Antrim. In the county of Tyrone, and the northern part of the county of Armagh, this deposit occupies a district of 10 miles in length, by 6 miles in breadth ; it is composed of alternations of white, brown, and greenish blue clay, with white and grey sand, and irregular beds of lignite, or wood coal, and in the margin of Lough Neagh, of silicified wood. In some localities lignite is very abundant, and particularly in the Sandy bay of Lough Neagh, where, during seasons in which fuel is scarce, the inhabitants occasionally sink pits and raise it for domestic purposes. In the parish of Clonoe, in the county of Tyrone, the clay beds rest on the new red sandstone, which overlies the coal formation of Coal Island ; and during the last ten years, several trials were made by boring in the clay district in the expectation of finding the coal beneath it. Two of these trials in the townland of Annaghmore, were continued to the depth of 294 feet, without reaching the red sandstone ; and several other trials were made in different parts of the district, with tho same results. The elevation of the surface at Annaghmore is 100 feot above the level of the sea, and 62 feet above the level of Lough Neagh, and consequently It

   INTKODUCTION. lui

   Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 23

7. Cove of Cork known as winter retreat for pulmonary complaints

   Cobh · municipal district · Cork

   The prevailing equality of temperature in the Cork area drew medical attention, and the Cove of Cork became extensively known as a valuable winter retreat for persons menaced with pulmonary complaints. This reputation developed in the years prior to 1846.

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   Yet other parts of Ireland, particularly the counties of Kilkenny, Limerick, Tippcrary, and Cork, are nearly as superior in equality of temperature to Dublin, as Dublin is superior to London, *• This county,*' sajrs Mr. Townscnd respecting Cork, " is remarkable for the mildness of its temperature, never experiencing those extremes of heat and cold to which the same degree of latitude is subject, not only on the Continent, but even in England. The difference is occasioned by our nearer approximation to the Atlantic Ocean, which loads this part of the island with vapours ; Beldom, indeed, to be complained of in winter, but too often interrupting the maturer rays of the Kimmer sun." So strongly has the prevailing equality of temperature drawn medical attention, that one place in particular — the Cove of Cork — has of late years become extensively known to fiune as a valuable winter retreat for persons menaced with pulmonary complaints.

   Daring a period of 40 years, around Dublin, the east-north-east and south-east winds were to the west, south-west, and north-west, as 3 to 4 in spring, as 2.7 to 5.2 in summer, as 1.8 to 4.8 in autumn, and 2^ to 4 in winter. "It appears from a regular diar}' of the weather kept for several years in Cork," says Dr. Smith, " that the winds in that city blow from the south to the north- W€iit, three-fourths of the year at least." During 7 years ending in 1801, the winds at Londonderry blew from the north 225 days, from the north-east 225, from the east 200, from the south-east nre. from the south 207, from the south-west 476, from the west 766, and from .the north-west £39 ; bnt during 9 years at the same place — according to the memoir of the Ordnance Survey^

   Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 25

8. Failed monument to Goldsmith near Auburn

   Lissoy · townland · Westmeath

   An effort was made some years before 1846 to raise funds for erecting a monument to Goldsmith in or near Auburn (Lishoy), but the attempt proved abortive. No monument was completed.

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   and some pictures exclusively English, have been transplanted to Lishoy. The * nicely sanded floor/ and 'varnished clock,' and * hearth' with 'flowers and fennel gay,' little resemble the Irish village alehouse with its mud floor and turf fire. Indeed, an alehouse has no existence in Ireland, because ale is not the beverage of the people. But, notwithstanding these discrepancies which are easily accounted for, Lislioy is unquestionably * Sweet Auburn ;' and Goldsmith took all his pictures of still life, and some others besides, from his favourite village, of which he says in one of his letters : * If I go to the opera, I sit and sigh for Lishoy fireside, and Johnny Armstrong's * La<*tgood night* from Peggy Golden; or if I climb up Hampstead hill, I confess it is fine ; but then, I had rather be placed on the little mount before Lishoy gate, and there take in, to me, the most pleasing horizon in nature.' " Several years ago, an effort was made to raise funds for erecting in or near Auburn a monument to the poet ; but, like many a more important attempt connected with Irish literature, it proved abortive. In the vicinity of the village stands Auburn -house, the seat of John Hogan, Esq., sending down a sheet of plantation to the margin of Lough Ree.

   AUDEON (St.). See Dublin.

   Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 146

9. Horses yoked to plough by the tail in Roscommon

   Roscommon · town · Roscommon

   In Roscommon, the old and cruel practice of yoking horses to the plough by their tails was still followed, at least with two-year-old colts in the spring, according to Wakefield's observations.

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   their work in the most slovenly manner. When a plough is used, three or four neighbours unite their strength, each bringing his horse, or his bullock, or his milch cow. Most ploughs are attended by a person, whose employment it is to turn back the furrow, which would otherwise revert to its bed. All the other operations of agriculture are performed in this district in the same rude manner. The little wheat that is raised in it, is ^ lashed ;' that is, the grain is knocked out by striking the sheaf across a beam placed above a cloth ; it is, however, afterwards thrashed with a flaiL In this district, as well as in the greater part of Ireland, the com is thrashed on the highways, and is dressed by letting it fall from a kind of sieve, which, during a pretty strong wind, is held by a woman as high from the ground as her arms can reach. Under the second district, Bir. Wakefield comprises the northern part of Antrim, Londonderry, the north and west of ' Tyrone, and the whole of Donegal. Tillage here is in a much worse state than in the first district. Iliere is no clover ; and, with the exception of a little near Derry, no wheat. The third district comprehends the northern part of Fermanagh. Here the farms are much larger than in either of the former districts, the agriculture better, and the crops more productive. Some wheat is grown, but oats are the most prevalent crop. A small portion of the land, however, is only employed in tillage. The fourth district comprises Sligo, Mayo, Galway, Clare, and parts of Roscommon and Longford. In some parts of this district the spade culture is generally pursued ; but in other parts the land is cultivated with the plough, drawn by four horses a-breast. In Roscommon, the practice of yoking horses to the ptough by the tail is still followed, at least with two-year-old colts in the spring. Oats are chiefly raised in this district ; but along the sea-coast of Sligo considerable quantities of barley are grown. A large portion of this district is let on partnership-leases, according to the village system. In the fifth district, which comprehends Limerick, Kerry, the south-west and northern parts of Cork, and part of the county of Waterford, little com is grown, with the exception of the southern part of Cork. In the sixth district, which takes in the remainder of Cork, most of the land is in pasture ; and, where it is in tillage, the spade is generally used. The seventh district comprehends some parts of Tipperary, and King^s and Queen's counties. Here a great deal of corn is grown ; and the agriculture is good, in comparison with that which is pursued in any of the preceding districts. More attention is paid to a systematic course of cropping, and keeping the land in good heart. Oxen and horses are used for the plough. In some parts turnips arc grown, but they are seldom hoed. Ninety acres are considered a large tillage farm. The eighth district comprises Wexford, and a part of Wicklow. In some parts of this district beans are cultivated ; but they are sown broadcast, and never hoed. Even here, their mode of ploughing is very awkward. One man holds the plough, another leads the horses, and a third presses on the beam, to keep it down. The last district comprehends the northern part of Kilkenny, Kildare, and the cultivated parts of Westmeath, Meath, and Lowth. Wheat enters into the common course of crops ; but the fallows are bad. Clover has been introduced, but it is sown in exhausted land. The farms are much larger here than in any other parts of the country. The ploughs are very badly constmcted, and are drawn by six oxen and horses." The following Table, given by Mr. Wakefield, exhibits, according to him, the average produce of the nine districts : —

   Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 27

10. Kilmurrough fort and Great Kevin's Head on Inishmore

    Inishmore · electoral division · Galway

    Among the notable curiosities on Inishmore (Arranmore) are Kilmurrough fort and Great Kevin's Head, landmarks listed alongside the island's precipitous limestone cliffs and puffin colonies.

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    ARRANMORE, or Ivkumorb, the largest of the islands, «nd a parish, in the insular barony of Arran, ^ust described, co. Galway, Connaught. It contains the villages of Killant and Kilronan : see these articles. Length, Similes; breadth, U; area, 7,635 acres. Pop., in 1831. 2,315; in 1841, 2,592. Houses 451. Pop. of the rural districts in 1841, 1,364. Houses 224. The island extends from east-south-east to west-north-west. Its south side is precipitous, grandly bold, an almost straight line of unindented mural limestone bulwark. The north side is low, fringed with a shingly beach, and deepjhr indented by two bays or natural harbours. The elms of the south are not more bold than romantic, are frequented by clouds of the sea-fowl called puffins, and are curiously perforated >vith holes, in which the puffins nestle, and whence the islanders supply themselves in seasons of scarcity with the eggs of the fowls for food. Other curiosities are Kilmurr^^ fort. Great Kevin's Head, and the objects noticed in the preceding article. The highest ground in the island appears to rise less than 400 feet above sea-leveL Good oats are raised ; sheep are pastured ; and oxen of an esteemed kind are reared. The chief residence is the seat of John W. Digbv, Esq. A lighthouse in the centre of the island exhibits a revolving li^ht of a bright colour; and, including the iCost of building stores, occasioned in 1640 an expense of £680 18s. 4d. On the island are 2 vilkiges, 8 hamlets, and a station of the coast-guard. The bay north from the village of Killany, named After it, separated by a peninsuU from St. Gregory's Sound, and partly covered by an islet called Straw Island, is the principal harbour, not only in Arranmore, hut in the whole Arran groi^). Outward-bound ships, from Liverpool to the West Indies and America, are frequently driven toward this harbour, and would find it a valuable retreat were the entrance to the sheltering oart of it widened, and a pier suitable for large vessels provided. The entrance is by the west side of^ Straw Island^ and though deep, is exceedingly narrow and somewhat dangerous ; yet could, it is said, be widened for the trivial expense of £300 — This parish is a vicarage in the dio. of Tuam ; and forms part of the benefice of Ballinakill : which see. The vicarial tithes are compounded for £6 13s. 8Jd., jmd the rectorial for £20 is. 0^ ; And the latter are in^roipriate, and belong to the Rev. John Cdgbj. The Roman Catholic cnapel is attended by from 400 to 600, and has one officiate. In 1834, the Protestants amounted to 28, and the Roman Catholics to 2,077; an4 4 pay- schools, at Killany, Kilronan, Kilmurvey, and Coorough, were attended by from 160 to 230 scholars.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 138

11. Round tower at Aghadown, Cork

    Aghadown · townland · Cork

    A round tower surmounting a rising ground within the demesne of Aghadown, three miles west of Skibbereen, commands a good view of the adjacent coast and islands, with ruins of several old castles visible nearby.

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    AFFADOWN, a demesne in co. Cork, 3 miles west of Skibbereen. A round tower which surmounts a rising ground within its limits, commands a good view of the adjacent coast and islands, with the ruins of several old castles. The proprietor is H. Beecher, Esq.

    AFFANE, a parish in the barony of Decieswithout-Drum, containing a small village of the same name, co. Waterford, Munster. Length, 7 miles; breadth, 5; area, 7,773 acres. Pop., in 1831, 1,879; in 1841, 2,115. Houses 301. The Blackwater runft southward along the western boundary, and the Phiiiisk runs westward to it near the village of Affane. The land in general is excellent, and in high cultivation. The parish has long been noted for its fine cherries, introduced to it from the Canary islands, by Sir Walter Raleigh. The chief seat

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 112

12. Wexford's only cotton factory expansion

    Wexford · town · Wexford · 1840

    Around 1840, a large addition was being constructed at the only cotton factory in County Wexford, as part of a revival in the Irish cotton and flax manufacturing industries.

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    The cotton manuHictiire, after flourishing for a series of years, principally in Belfast and its vicinity, very seriously declined, and seemed almost tending to extinction ; but, viewed in its general connection with Ireland, it may be regarded as having decidedly revived. 3Ir. C. G. Otway, an assistant Iland Loom Weaver Commissioner, said in 1840, " Some large cotton mills ha\*e been Lately established in Ireland, and intelligent manufacturers have embarked in the trade ; and some of the finest specimens of calico prints in the London market are Irish manufacture." Mr James Stewart, the factory inspector for Ireland and Scotland, said, at the close of the same year, " I have great pleasure in reporting that, during my circuit in Ireland, the flax and cotton factory owners generally admitted, that, for some time past, there has been a tolembly l)risk demand for the articles manufactured by them. There is a considerable augmentation of the number of persons employed in the cotton and flax factories. A cotton factory, at Stratford, in the county Wicklow, employing about 150 persons, which has been for a long period in a dilapidated state, has recently been fitted up, and is at work. A large addition to the only cotton factory in the county Wexford is being proceeded with ; and there are new flax factories, and large additions to some of those already established, at Belfast and in other parts of the county Anti-im." Since 1840, several new factories have been established; and, but for a violent hostility on the part of Irish artisans to the introduction of skilful mechanics from England, considerably more would now have been in operation. The following table shows the kinds aud quantity of Irish cotton goods exported from Ireland, in each year of the period 1802 — 1821 : —

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 49

13. Lough Corrib black marble quarry

    Lough Corrib · lake or lakes · Galway

    A black marble quarry on the estate of Sir Valentine Blake at Lough Corrib produced about 1,000 tons per annum. The marble was valued at £1 to £2 per ton in London and New York.

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    All the preceding were worked by the Mining Companj of Ireland; and the following were worked by other parties : — ^Moneypoint quarry, within 4 miles of Eilrush, on a cliff overhanging the Shannon, in co. Clare, produces a fine, hard, close-grained, gritty flag, varying from 1^ to 4 inches in thickness, and containing from 10 to 20 superficial feet, and it yielded about 60,000 yards per annum, worth £2,250 at the quarry; the Clounderlough quarry, at Cloonderlough bay. Lough Berg, co. Clare, produces a fine Bourdella marble, and was open only for specimens ; the lead mines near Ennis, co. Clare, were of unascertained condition ; the Rockfarm limestone quarries, situated on Little Island, opposite to West Passage, and thence a mile along the verge of the Cork river in co. Cork, annually produced 12,000 tons of manufactured, and 44,000 tons of rough limestone, the former worth 13s. per ton, and the latter worth Is. 4d. ; the Irish dove marble and limestone quarries at Carrigacrump near doyne, in co. Cork, produced 2,000 tons and upwards per annum, the value of which depended on the mode of manufacture ; the Allihies copper mine, near Castletown-Berehaven, in co. Cork, produced from 6,000 to 7,000 tons per annum, worth £9 per ton ; the Audley copper mine, near Skibbereen, in co. Cork, was of unascertained condition ; the Dromagh collieries, near Kanturk, co. Cork, were of unascertained condition ; the lead mines near Newtown- Ardes, in co. Down, were of unascertained condition ; the black marble quarry, situated chiefly bn the estate of Sir Valentine Blake, on the verge of Lough Corrib, in CO. Galway, produced about 1,000 tons per annum, worth from £1 to £% per ton at London and New York ; the quarry of very fine sienna and dove marble at Shannon Harbour, in co. Galway, was of unascertained condition ; the Yalentia quarry, on the Island of Yalentia, co. Kerry, yields 4t>ofing slate and flagging — the latter stronger, larger, and more handsome than almost any other flagging which even the London market can command, — and annually produced to the value of about £\ ,800 in flags, and ;£650 in slates ; the Castlecomer, Clough, and Newtown collieries, in co. Kilkenny, annu* ally produced 42,544 tons of coal, and 53,354 tons of cubn, the former worth from 15s. to 20s. per ton, and the latter from 48. to 5s. ; the Faroda colliery, in co. Kilkenny, produced 2,500 tons per annum, worth 6s. 8d. per ton ; the Callylihane, Wolf hill, Clogrenna, and Camafea collieries, in co. ' Kilkenny, produced 16,000 tons per annum, worth 4s. per ton ; the Rushes, Dromagh, TaUerton, Ardategle, and Courleane collieries, in co. Kilkenny, were, for the time, not worked ; the Clonmacnoise marble quarry, in King*s co., produces a shell-grey marble, variously tinted, and of a sound and useful description, but was of unascertained condition ; the Arigna mines, extending over the western side of Lough Allen, in counties Leitrim and Roscommon, produced about 2,340 tons of iron ; a quarry near the Askeaton road, about 7 miles from the city of Limerick, produces a fine maroon coloured marble, but had not been worked to any considerable extent ; Lyons, Ballysimon, and Guillogue quarries, in the vicinity of the city of Limerick, produce black marble in blocks of any size, but were of unascertained condition ; the Dromineer quarry, on the shores of Lough Derg, CO. Tipperary, produces a dove-coloured shell marble, in great quantity ; the Castlebegs quarry, on the shores of Lough Derg, co. Tipperary, produces a dull black marble, but was of unascertained condition ; the Slieveardagh collieries, near Killenaule, in co. Tipperary, annually produced 20,000 tons, worth 10s. per ton ; the Dromglass colliery, near Dungannon, in co. Tyrone, was of unascertained condition ; the Coal-Island colliery, near Dungannon, in co. Tyrone, was also of unascertained condition ; the Ballymurtagh copper mine, near Rathdrum, in co. Wicklow, annually produced from 5,000 to 6,000 tons, worth ;£4 per ton ; the Cronebane and Tygroney copper mines near Rathdrum in co. Wicklow, annually produced from 4,000 to 5,000 tons, worth £A per ton ; the Connoree copper mine near Rathdrum, in co. Wicklow, annually produced from 1,000 to 1,500 tons, worth £6 per ton ; the Ballygahan copper mine near Rathdrum, in co. Wicklow, annually produced from 200 to 300 tons, worth £A per ton ; the Glenmalure lead mine near Rathdrum, in CO. Wicklow, annually produced from 180 to 200 tons, i^rorth £15 per ton,

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 23

14. Ordnance Survey officers note climate amelioration in Londonderry

    near Derry · city · Derry

    Officers of the Ordnance Survey remarked that farmers in Londonderry believed a marked amelioration of climate had taken place, with seeding and harvest times both considerably advanced. They cited the extending cultivation of wheat and the increased number of quails as supporting evidence, though cautioned against pronouncing the improvement permanent.

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    mch. it may he mentioned that the farmers believe and assert, that a marked amelioration has taken place, — the times of seeding and harvest being both considerably advanced. In support of this opinion may be adduced the extending and successful cultivation of wheat, and the increased number of quails, a bird now comparatively abundant. However, though the circumstance of a recent improvement in this respect may be probable, it would be rash to pronounce it, on the present evidence, permanent."

    The aggregate fall of rain among the western mountains, and on the low grounds between them and the sea, is believed to be very great compared to that of central and eastern England, but has not been sufficiently ascertained, to warrant any definite statement as to its amount. The fall at Dublin is said to vaiy from about 20 to 31 inches ; at Belfast, from 20 to 36 inches ; at Cork, from 30 to 64^ inches ; and at Londonderry, from 2fJ to 36 inches. But as this current statement — hitherto regarded as the most correct one — makes the mean annual fall at the last of these places to be 31 inches, — a result recently ascertained to be 3-j- inches below the fact, — we obviously must regard all past observations as in the aggregate exceedingly uncertain, or as at best establishing the mere general circumstance of very wide variations in humidity between different places, and even at the same place in different years.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 25

15. Allihies copper mine and village in Bere

    Allihies · townland · Cork

    Allihies is both a copper mine and a village in the parish of Kilnamanagh, barony of Bere, County Cork, situated on Ballydonagan-bay near the point of the long peninsula screening the west side of Bantry Bay. Its features blend with the surrounding boldly-contoured country and neighbouring sea.

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    ALLIHIES, a copper mine, and a village, in the parish of Kilnamanagh, barony of Bere, co. Cork, Munster. Post-town, Castletown- Bcrehaven. Tbetr situation is on Ballydonagan-bay, not far from the point of the long peninsula which screens the west side of Bantry-bav ; and their features, as seen from the north-east, blend with the surrounding boldlycontoured country, the neighbouring sea, and the perspective of the Ballinskeiligs bay and

    ALL

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 112

16. Ballina's 16-arch bridge and salmon weir on the Moy

    Ballina · townland · Mayo

    Two bridges connect Ballina proper with Ardnaree across the Moy. One, possibly recently replaced, was a fine old structure of 16 arches; above it lay rapids and a salmon-weir yielding an annual rental of £1,000 for the fishery.

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    neatnesA, regularity, occasional embellishinent, and comparative freedom from every offensive property. The Moy, while sweeping past it, separates the county of Mayo from a wing or projection of the county of Sligo; and bears on its right bank the beautiful and more ancient town of Ardnarbe : which see. Ballina, in the large and popular sense, includes botb Ballina proper and Ardnaree ; and thus understood, is the third in bulk and commercial importance of the towns of Connaught, being inferior in these properties only to Galway and Sligo, just as in attraction it is inferior only to Westport and Ballinasloe. Two bridges connect the two parts of the town ; one of these, if it have not within the last five or six years been replaced by a new erection, is a very fine old structure of 16 arches ; and above it are considerable rapids and a »almon-weir, where salmon are caught in such plenty that an annual rental of £1,000 is said to be paid for the fishery. See Mo7. A straight and terraced street of BalUna proper runs parallel with the river ; is rather neatly edificed ; is the chief seat of local business; and possesses shops and houses which would be creditable to any town. Most of the other streets intersect one another at right angles; and, though far from wanting the patches and lines of mere cabins, or poor single-floored cottages which so abound in Irish second-rate towns, they exhibit very consideiable aggregate pretensions in domestic architecture. Great improvements, too, have been very recentlv effected. A court-house is the most noticeable civil public building. The ecclesiastical structures, and the schools, as well as the statistics connected with them, are partly noticed in the article Ardnaree, and will be fully exhibited in the article Rilmorgmoy.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 148

17. Ballyclough village improved by Col. Purdon

    Ballyclogh · town · Cork · 1766

    About 80 years before 1846, when few Irish villages had any pretensions to order or comfort, Ballyclough village was improved and beautified by its proprietor Col. Purdon, putting on a dress of cleanliness, neatness, and even beauty. The Ballyclough estate later passed to the Coote family through marriage to the Purdon heiress.

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    the road thence to Nevnnarket Area, 35 acres. Pop., in 1831, 627 ; in 1841, 576. Houses 93. This village early shook off the filth and tawdriness of many places of its class, and put on a dress of cleanliness, neatness, and even beauty; for, about 80 years ago, when scarcely an Irish village or small town made any pretensions to order or comfort, Ballyclough was improved and beautified by its proprietor, Col. Purdon. In its vicinity stands Mount- N^orth, the seat of Lord Lisle. See Mount- North. On the south-east border of the parish, opposite the heights which are crowned with the ruins of Dromaneen-castle, is the fine demesne of Longueville, the property of Mr. Longfield. Near this demesne commences the Black water coal-field, which extends westward to Mill-street, and has for many years been somewhat successfully worked. The towers and the demesne of Loghort-castle, the seat of the noble family of Perceval, Lords Arden in the peerage of the United Kingdom, contribute features of much interest to the landscape of the western border. See LoGUORT. Ballyclough-castle, situated in a pleasing demesne contiguous to the village, was the chief seat of the sept of MacRobert or MacRobert Barry. The Ballyclough estate now belongs to the Coote family. Robert Coote, Esq., having married the heiress of the Purdons, the former proprietors. Among monumental inscriptions in the church are memorials of the Purdon, Lysaght, and Coote families, of Henry Wrixon, Esq., of Blossom fort, who died in 1778, and of John Longfield, Es(}., of Longueville, who died in 1765. A minute notice of some of the monu- | ments may be seen in Dr. Smith's History of Cork. A chalybeate spring near the village was in some repute last century, but it became overflown by a brook, and was neglected. A dispensary in the village is within the Mallow Poor-law union ; and, in 1839-40. it received and expended £103 14s. 4d., and administered to 2,038 patients. In 1842, the Ballyclough Loan Fund had a capital of £458, circulated £2,014 in 897 loans, cleared £48 Is. lOd. of nett profit, and expended for charitable purposes £1

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 152

18. Ballymahon town on the river Inny

    Ballymahon · town · Longford

    Ballymahon, co. Longford, stands along the river Inny about three miles above its junction with Lough Ree, consisting principally of one spacious street. Its public buildings include a church with a steeple, a Roman Catholic chapel, an old market-house, and a handsome five-arch bridge, and it is noted for its cattle fair rivalled only by Ballinasloe.

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    sloping hill along the river Inny, about 3 miles above the point of the river's inosculation with Lough Ree. It consists principally of one very spacious street, and possesses interest in a small degree from its own appearance, and in a large degree from the luxuriance and the soft beauty of the landscape around it. Its public buildings are a church with a steeple, a spacious Roman Catholic chapel, an indifferent old market-house, and a handsome bridge of five lofty and well-coDstructod arches. It so stands in the centre of a circle of six or seven thriving towns as to be sufficiently near them for the interchange of trade, and not so near as to fear the influence of their rivalry upon its own markets. The Inny is navigable from it to Lough Ree; and the Royal Canal passes near it in the line extending from Dublin to Tarroonbarry. Well-appointed boats convey passengers and goods daily to Dublin and intermediate towns ; and a car connects the Toome-bridge station of the canal through the town with Athlone. A weekly market, well-attended, for the disposal of agricultural produce, is held on Thursday ; and fairs are held on the Thursday before Ash- Wednesday, May 11, Aug. 11, and Nov. 21. The May fair is much resorted to by graziers ; and is reckoned the best fair for cattle in the central counties except the great fair of Ballinasloe. The current trade consists of the interchange of yarns, cloths, groceries, and miscellaneous articles tor the produce of the field and the dairy. A series of small manufacture is conducted in linen frieze, linseywoolsey, leather, shoes, nails, and gingerbread. Two distilleries and several malt-houses were at one time in operation. A dispensary in the town is within the Longford Poor-law union, and has a district of 39,071 acres, containing a population of 22,916; and, in 1839- 40, it received £118 12s. 2d., expended ^£124 Os. l.Jd., and administered to 1,710 patients. In 1842, tlie Bally mahon Loan Fund had a capital of £3,230, circulated £13,681 in 2,283 loans, and cleared a nett profit of £58 9s. 9d. ; and from the date of its formation till the close of 1842, it circulated £40,686 in 7*663 loans, and expended for charitable purposes £418 8s.6d.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 152

19. Cairn and artificial cave on Slieve Gullion

    Slieve Gullion · townland · Armagh

    A cairn surmounting an artificial cave sits on the top of Slieve Gullion, identified as one of the principal pagan antiquities of County Armagh. The site represents a significant prehistoric monument in the landscape.

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    Antiquitie8.']-~The most noticeable pagan antiquities of the county are a cairn and a very curious (Toinlech, 2 miles north of Newry ; a cairn surmounting uu nrtiticial cave on the top of Slieve Gullion ; and the Vicar's cave, 5 miles south-east of Armagh,

    on a lofty hill, which is supposed to be excavated. The principal civil antiquities are various old castles, and the vestiges of the Earl of Tyrone's intrenchments, thrown up during the long-continued war with the English, and stIU called Tyrone's Ditches. The principad ecclesiastical antiquities are the cathedral of Armagh, two or three old churches, and traces, more historical than architectural, of about 12 or 13 monastic establishments.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 131

20. Castle at Thomastown built by Thomas Fitz-Anthony

    Thomastown · town · Kilkenny · 1180

    The Irish name Ballymacandan for Thomastown, County Kilkenny, derives from a castle built about the year 1180 by Thomas Fitz-Anthony. This is an early Anglo-Norman fortification associated with the settlement.

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    BALLYMACANDAN, the Irish name of Thornastown, CO. Kilkenny, Leinster. The name is taken from a castle, built about the year 1180, by Thomas Fitz- Anthony.

    BALLYMACARETT, a (pioad sacra parish, a townland, and a town, within the quoad cioilia parish of Knockbreda, barony of Castlereagh, co. bown, Ulster. It lies on the right bank of the river Lagan, directly opposite Belfast, and is strictly suburban to that town, and all included within its parliamentary borough limits. Its area all consists of good and very valuable land; and, 80 far as not edificed, is disposed chiefly in town parks. Its superficial extent is 576 acres. Pop., in 1831, 5,168; in 1841, 6,697. Houses 980.^Thi8 parish is a perpetual curacy, and a separate benefice, in the dio. of Down. Gross income, £83 15s. Ud. ; nett, £56 18s. Patron, the incumbent of Knockbreda. The church was built in 1824, at the cost of £1,476 18s. 5^d., one-half of which was raised by subscription, and the other half gifted by the late Board of First Fruits. Sittings 400; attendance 300. Two meeting-houses belonging to the General Assembly, the one formerly of the Synod of LHster, and the other Secessional, are attended by respectively 350 and 150; a Covenanters' meeting-house, by 300 ; a Methodist chapel, by 200 ; and a Roman Catholic chapel, by 350. In 1834, the parishioners consisted of 2,228 Churchmen, 1,604 Presbyterians, 265 other Protestant dissenters, and 1,278 Roman Catholics ; and 8 daily schools, — one of which was in connection with the London Hibernian Society, two received respectively £12 and £10 of yearly aid from subscription, and one was an infimt school conducted by two teachers salaried with £10 10s., and £6 6s.,— had on their books 382 boys and 235 girls.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 152

21. Cataracts of Ballysadere and abbey ruins above the falls

    Ballysadare · townland · Sligo

    The Owenbeg river, swollen by the Arrow, tumbles over a long series of precipices into the head of Ardnaglass Harbour, forming a magnificent chain of cataracts. The ruins of a small abbey rise above the falls, adding to the picturesqueness of the scenery; the name Ballysadere literally means 'the town of the two cataracts.'

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    1841. 3,007. Houses 520. Pop. of the rural districts of the Tiraghrill section, in 1831, 2,735; in 1841,3,036. Houses 5-28. The parochial surface is very variable in soil and contour, consisting of arable and pastoral lands, mountain, valley, and plain ; it lies partly around the head of Ardnaglass Harbour, and partly along both sides of the streams Owenbeg and Unshion ; and it is traversed b^ the mail roads from Dublin and Ballina. which unite at the Ballysadere town, and form one line thence to the eastern boundarv. The demesne of Markree-castle lies on the cast border ; and part of the demesne of Annagh- MOHE [which see], lies within the western boundary. The highest ground is near the centre, and has an altitude of 602 feet. The Owenbeg, swollen into considerable volume by the confluence with it of the Arrow, leaps and tumbles over a long series of precipices and she! ving rocks of various heights into the head of Ardnaglass Harbour, and forms a roost magnificent chain of cataracts. ** The town of the two cataracts," aptly designates a seat of population on this superb piece of water scenery, and is the literal meaning of the name Ballysadere. The ruins of the small abbev, to be noticed in the next article, rise above the falls, and add to the picturesqueness of their effect. Several extensive corn-mills and stores occur on the different levels between the cataracts; and safe anchorage, and the facilities of constructing an artiticial harbour, exi^t immediately below the last fall. See Ardna-

    • We !»u>|Kct Uiis to Uc a ini>i>riut for " Female daj Kboo!*** 1.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 152

22. Cork's historical provision trade

    Cork · city · Cork

    The provision trade of Ireland was at one period confined chiefly to Cork. Beef was cured there on a great scale and assorted into planters', India, and common beef classes.

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    The provision trade of Ireland was, at one period, confined chiefly to Cork, but is now, in all its departments, very extensive also at Dublin, Belfast, Newry, and Limerick, and in the department of butter is diffused over the greater part of the kingdom. Pork hams, in enormous quantity and of excellent quality, are prepared at Belfast ; bacon and hams are salted, in large quantities, at Belfast, Wateiford, Clonmel, and Limerick ; beef is cured, on a great scale, and assorted into three classes called planters*, India, and common beef, at Limerick and Cork ; and the provision trade in general — increasingly subject, however, to a preference in England for the importation of the living animal rather than the prepared carcass — ^is very extensive in Dublin, Drogheda, Dundalk, Newry, Londonderry, Wexford, New Ross, Waterford, Clonmel, Cork, and Limerick. The official returns ceased, in 1825, to give separate details for Ireland ; yet the following table, exhibiting the quantities of exported salted meat and butter every fourth year from the Legislative Union till that date, flings considerable light on the general progress of the provision trade : —

    1809 1813 1817 1821 1825

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 35

23. Grace's Castle and Grace's Country in Kilkenny

    Kilkenny · city · Kilkenny · 1100–1199

    The Grace family, descendants of Raymond Fitzwilliam who arrived with Strongbow in the 12th century, established a castle in Kilkenny. The large tract of country to its west, still called Grace's country, marks their historical importance.

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    repository of the dead ; an upper chamber, a1s«o ' arched, is disposed for the receptMin of mural monuments; and the roof, wholly compo^d of stone, rests on the high pointed arch of the upper apart- 1 ment, and is imbedded in Roman cement. The simple and unostentatious variety of the pointed style I adopted, displays great oorrectaess of taste ; aad the ' interior is chaste, solemn, and imposing. On each of . the exterior flanking walls is an old marble monu- ! ment of the G race family ; and orer the entrance to : the burial vault is a tablet of Kilkenny marble, with a long appropriate inscription in Greek and Latin. The Graces trace their ancestry to Raymond Fit«- william, surnamed Le Gro^, who accompanied Strongbow, Earl of Pembroke, to Ireland in the r2th century ; and, through hiiu, they further trace it to Other de Windsor, who descended from the Dukes of Tuscany, and was a Baron of England in K)57. Grace's castle in Kilkenny, and a large tract of country lying to the west of it, and still called Grace's couatry, indicate their naturaliaed position and importance. Branches of them became fixed in CO. Wexford, at Ballylinch, Carney, and Leighan in CO. Tipperary, and at Shauganah, afterwards called Gracefield, in Queen's co. Their principal modern representatives are the family of Grace, Barons of Courtstown and Lords of Grace's country, and the &mily of Fitzmaurice, Earls of Kerry, and Marquesesof Lansdowne. Area of the village, 14 acres. Pop., in 1881, 205; in 1841, 231. Houses 47.

    ARLES and Ballylinan, a Roman Catholic parish in the dio. of Kildare aod Leighlin. It includes the village just noticed ; and its post town is Ballylinan by Carlow. The statistics are given under the civil parochial divisions.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 124

24. Gypsum deposit near Kingscourt

    Kingscourt · town · Cavan

    A small district of new red sandstone and red marl north of Kingscourt contains a bed of gypsum over 60 feet thick. Despite trials by sinking and boring, commercial workings have not commenced due to a great influx of water.

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    portions of the declivitj, between the base of the chalk and the level of the sea, usually present a steep inclined plane, many parts of which have been cultivated, and some so successfully, that they may be classed among the most productive soils of the north of Ireland. Though the strata of the great northern mineral basin have, in a great degree, been altered or modified by the action of igneous matter, arising partly from the pressure of the great superincumbent mass of trap which covers the chalk, and partly by protrusions, consisting of trap veins or dykes, and occasionally of large mountain masses of trap, still the lithological character of the strata is sufficiently preserved to enable us to identify them ; but, with the assistance of the fossil organic remains, which are abundant in the upper member of the series, no doubt can be entertained of the correspondence of these strata with similar successions of rocks in England as well as in other countries. The ma^ nesian limestone which occurs in the neighbourhood of Hollywood, on the south side of Belfast Lough, is identical in mineral character with that of the county of Durham and other parts of the north of England ; and like it, it is succeeded by beds of new red sandstone and new red marl ; and, consequently, Ireland may be said to possess portions of the whole of the upper series of the secondary rocks of England, with the exception of oolite, though traces even of that formation have been discovered on the coast, near to Lame, in the county of Antrim. The new red sandstone, which succeeds the magnesian limestone, is not altogether confined to the boundaries of the great mineral basin ; it occurs in detached districts, resting on the carboniferous limestone, in tho counties of Armagh and Tyrone, and likewise, as already mentioned, resting on the coal formation in the neighbourhood of Coal Island in the same county. A small district of new red sandstone, and red marl also, occurs to the north of Kingscourt, in the county of Cavan, between the coal district of Monaghan and the greywacke slate. This district contains one bed of gypsum, upwards of 60 feet in thickness, which was ascertained partly by sinking, and partly by boring ; but, owing to the great influx of water, workings have not hitherto been commenced for commercial purposes ; but there can be no doubt that that district contains a valuable deposit of gypsum."

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 23

25. Horse breeding in the Mourne Mountains

    near Mourne Mountains · mountain or mountain range · Down

    The mountains of Mourne were historically noted as a specific region for the breeding of horses, contrasting with cattle breeding in the mountainous west.

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    The dairy, though far from being in a perfect condition, is probably the best managed department of Irish husbandry ; and it is of great territorial extent, and much economical importance. Most of the counties of Kerry, Cork, and Waterford, part of the counties of Kilkenny, Carlow, Meath, Westmeath, Longford, and Fermanagh, and multitudes of the small farms of the countiea ^f Cavan, Monaghan, and Down, are devoted principally to the dairy, — or rather to the manufacture of butter. The method of letting dairies to dairymen at so much per cow per annum, is common to the south of Ireland with Dorsetshire, Devonshire, and other counties of the west of England. The average number of cows on a dairy farm is from 5 to 30 ; the extent of middle-rat 3 land esteemed necessary for the sustenance of each cow is about two acres ; the average daily produce of a cow's milk is 6 quarts in summer and 5 in winter ; and the average weekly produce of this in butter is 14 pounds. The fEtttening of calves for veal is little practised. — ^The grazing husbandry is not, as in England, united with the tillage husbandry ; nor, as in Scotland, are larga tracts of land devoted exclusively to the breeding of cattle. The moimtains of Ireland, instead of hAiig grazed by those who farm them, are frequently let on a partnership lease to the inhabitants of a neighbouring village, each of whom turns in a certain niimber of cattle, horses, goats, or gocso, according to the rent he pays. The few cattle that are fed on the mountainous districts are gjucrally very poor. The most extensive and valuable lands for fattening cattle are small parts of the counties of Louth and Kildare, considerable parts of the counties of Cork, Westmeath, and Queen's county, and especially the corcasses of the counties of Limerick and Clare, and *the golden vale' of the counties of Limerick and Tipperary. Vast droves of cattle are bred in the mountainous districts of the west ; and horses are bred in the mountains of Moume. Most of even the loftiest uplands yield a considerable quantity of herbage, and are very much greener, in the aggregate, than the mountains of Scotland; and Mae^ . Gillicuddy's Reeks, the loftiest group in Ireland, and one of the wildest and most desolate, were affirmed by Arthur Young to be better fattening ground for sheep than even the rich lowlands in their vicinity. The general adaptation of Ireland to grazing is very marked, and cannot, in any view, be competed with by England. Yet, in spite of this adaptation, and of various considerabij

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 30

26. Limerick beef curing industry

    Limerick · city · Limerick

    Limerick was historically a major hub for the Irish provision trade. Beef was cured on a great scale and assorted into planters', India, and common beef classes there.

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    The provision trade of Ireland was, at one period, confined chiefly to Cork, but is now, in all its departments, very extensive also at Dublin, Belfast, Newry, and Limerick, and in the department of butter is diffused over the greater part of the kingdom. Pork hams, in enormous quantity and of excellent quality, are prepared at Belfast ; bacon and hams are salted, in large quantities, at Belfast, Wateiford, Clonmel, and Limerick ; beef is cured, on a great scale, and assorted into three classes called planters*, India, and common beef, at Limerick and Cork ; and the provision trade in general — increasingly subject, however, to a preference in England for the importation of the living animal rather than the prepared carcass — ^is very extensive in Dublin, Drogheda, Dundalk, Newry, Londonderry, Wexford, New Ross, Waterford, Clonmel, Cork, and Limerick. The official returns ceased, in 1825, to give separate details for Ireland ; yet the following table, exhibiting the quantities of exported salted meat and butter every fourth year from the Legislative Union till that date, flings considerable light on the general progress of the provision trade : —

    1809 1813 1817 1821 1825

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 35

27. River Maig navigation works at Adare

    Adare · townland · Limerick

    The River Maig was made navigable from its confluence with the Shannon up to Adare by excavating a new channel and forming a small basin. These works fell into disrepair, and planned improvements costing £2,510 were deemed of minor importance since Adare is much nearer Limerick by road than by water.

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    The river Maig, from its confluence with the Shannon up to Adare, is navigable for small vessels at high water. Many years ago the navigation was improved near the town, by the excavation of a new channel and the formation of a small basin or barhour. At present these works are much out of order ; and, in the recent surveys for the improvement of the Shannon navigation, improvements were suggested and pknned, to cost £2J10. ** The canal.

    • 8o ttranire a •umame is acni^rned by story to a utranse orifdn. While Thomas was an infant, and was in his cradle, the M'Carties slew his father and grandfather : and his nurses foncot him, and fled in terror from the castle. A watchftil baboon or ape, m^ich was kept in the family. toi>k adrantac* of the nurses' absence, seixod the infant, and carried him to tb« battlements : and. havinf? there for some time paraded him in view <if the astonixhed spectators, deliberately descended and laid him asain in liis cradle. However questionable or apo. cryphal this tale may be. it is refranled br works on heralory as the reason of the pn*sent lM*inster famUj bearing baboons fta their armorial crest and supporters.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 112

28. Sublime sea-cliffs of Downpatrick Head

    near Downpatrick Head · promontory · Mayo

    The coastline extending from Benwee Head to Downpatrick Head is everywhere bold, rugged, and grand. It features romantic and sublime sea-cliffs that are torn by cavernous openings and natural arches.

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    Two straight lines from Black Head to respectively the headland between Cashleh bay and Greatman*8 bay, and Goulin Head or the exterior point of a group of islands seaward of Greatman's bay, may both be regarded as passing across the entrance of Galway bay ; and the former extends in the direction of north-west by west, and measures 16 miles, while the latter extends west-northwestward, and measures 23 miles. A line from the headland between Cashleh and Greatman's bays to Slyne Head extends in the direction of north-west by west, measures 26^ miles, traverses Garomna Island and Ardcastle Point, passes along nearly the middle of a comparatively large archipelago, and places the shore of the mainland at the mean distance of probably about 5 miles to the north-east ; a line from Slyne Head to Achris Point extends northward, measures 10 miles, places the head of Ardbear Harbour 7^ miles to the east, and stretches at the mean distance of about 3^ miles seaward from the shore of the mainland ; and a line from Achris Point to Devlin Point extends north-eastward, measures 26^ miles, is coincident with about two miles of the shore and with Claggan and Renvyle Points, and passes across the entrance of Claggan bay and BallinakiU and KiUery Harbours. The whole coast from Galway bay to Killery is exceedingly broken, intricate, and wild, consisting of a lab3rrinth of peninsulse, islands, and intervening waters, presenting to the sea an absolute melee of frowning headlands and heights, backed on the immediate seaboard with stem hills or soaring mountains, and possessing a very near aggregate resemblance to the western or Deucaledonian coast of Scotland, and even to a considerable portion of the coast of Norway. A straight line from Devlin Point to Emlogh Point, extends in the direction of north by west, measures 4^ miles, and places the shore at the mean distance of about half-a-mile to the east ; a line from Emlogh Point to the south-west extremity of Achillbeg extends in the direction of north by west, measures 7^ miles, places Clare Island immediately to the west, and passes across the entrance of Clew bay ; a line from the south-west extremity of Achillbeg to AchiU Head extends north-westward, measures 15 miles, and places the shore at the mean distance of from 1^ to IJ mile to the north-east ; and a line from Achill Head to the south-west extremity of the peninsula of the Mullet extends in the direction of north-east by half north, measures 10 miles, and first coincfides with Saddle Head, and then passes across the entrance of Blacksod bay. Both Achillbeg and Achill lie so compactly with the mainland, or are separated frx>m it by such narrow and shallow sounds, and blend with it in such close admixture of view, that they cannot be treated apart from it in an exhibition of the coast-line ; and the latter, along the whole of both its seaward sides, flings down stupendous declivities to the ocean, and, in the vicinity of Achill Head, stoops precipitously to the water's edge in the awful cliff of Croghan, from a summit above sea-level of 2,222 feet. The coast from the south-west extremity of the Mullet to Annagh Head trends north by eastward, measures 10| miles, and is low, featureless, and but slightly undulated ; and the coast from Annagh Head to Erris Head trends in the direction of north-east by north, measures 6 miles, and is bold but not very high, the loftiest ground on or near its margin having an altitude above sea-level of 286 feet. A straight line from Erris Head to Benwee Head extends east-northeastward, measures 8^ miles, and passes across the entrance of Broad Haven. The coast from Benwee Head to Downpatrick Head trends in the direction of east by south, lies all from a furlong to 2^ miles south of a straight line of 18^ miles in extent, — is everywhere bold, rugged, and grand, — presents iu some places the most romantic and sublime sea-cliffs, torn by cavernous openings or dissevered into ravines, fissures, and high natural arches, — ^and possessing, either on its very margin or on the near part of its seaboard, the summits of Pollagh, Clinsk, Tannymore, Glencolrj, Maumakeogh, Keadochmeel, Knocknadurave, Aughalcague, and Knockbohe, four of which have altitudes above sea-level of respectively 1,002, 1,117, 1,155, and 1,243 feet. A straight line from Downpatrick Head to Benwee-Givraun extends in the direction of south-east by east) measures 6 miles, and first nearly coincides with 3^ miles of coast and with Benmore, and then passes across

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 4

29. Vale of Cushier and Tanderagee demesne

    Tanderagee · townland · Armagh

    The vale of the river Cushier in Ballymore parish, Armagh, is described as luxuriant and softly picturesque, with undulated banks sheeted with wood and blending into the parks and glades of Tanderagee demesne climbing to a hill summit, alongside Lord Mandeville's new baronial castle.

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    BALLYMORE, or Takdebagee, a parish in the barony of Lower Orier, co. Armagh, Ulster. It contains the town of Tanderagee, the villages of Acton and Clare, and part of the town of Poyntzp A88 : see these articles. Length, 6 miles ; breadth, 5 ; area, 14. 158 acres, 3 roods, 32 perches, — of which 49 acres, '29 perches, are water. Pop., in 1831, 1 1,806; in 1841, 11,505 Houses 2,076. Pop. of the rural districts, in 1831, 9.4J8; in 1841, 9,180. Houses 1 ,668. The interior is traversed northeastward by the small river Cushier; and the eastern boundary is traced by the Newry canal up to its junction with the stream and navipition of the Bann. The vale of the Cushier, especially in the >'icinity of the town, and the noble demesne of Tanderagee, is luxuriant, beautiful, and softly picturesque. Undulated and comparatively lofty banks screen the watercourse; and, in one direction, they are sheeted with wood, while, in another, they blend with the parks and glades of Tanderagee demesne, which climb away to the summit of a hill. Lord Mandeville's large and quite new baronial castle, is the principal artificial object additional to the towns; but it will more properly be noticed in our article on Tanderagee. Near that town are the handsome rectory, the villas of Orange- Hill and Cooley-Hill, and some other seats; and in the central and southern districts are the mansions and villas of Clare, Violet-Hill, Hurrybrook, Infant- Lodge, Druminargal, Acton, Lisraw, Woodview, and Thomvale. A small portion of the land of the parish is of indifferent quality; but the rest is good and fertile. The linen manufacture is (iilfiised over the rural districts, as well as segregated in the towns. — This parish is a rectory and a separate beiicfire in the dio. of Armagh. Tithe compos! t ion, £1,000; glebe, £650. Gross income, £1.650; iiett, £ 1 ,402 3s. 5d. Patron, the diocesan. A curate has a stipend of £75. The church was built in 1810, by means of a loan of £1,384 I2s. 3jd. from the late Board of First Fruits. Sittings 600; attendance, from 5<J0 to 750. The perpetual curacy of Acton [which see] forms part of the parish. Three Presbyterian meeting-houses, 2 of which were formerly of the Synod of Ulster and 1 Seressional, are attended by respectively from 400 to 600, from 150 to 100, and 250. Two Methodist chapels, the one AVesleyan and the other Primitive Wesleyan, are each attended by 250. A Roman Catholic chapel is attended by 800 ; and, in the Roman Catholic parorhinl arrangement, is united to the chapels of Acton and MuUaghbrack. In 1834, the parishioners, exclu- >'\ve of those within the curacy of Acton, connsted of 3.095 Churchmen, 2,751 Presbyterians, 45 other Protestant dissenters, and 2,372 )loman Catholics; 2 Sunday schools at Tanderagee, and 2 at Covcrunt^h and Cagans, were attended on the average by l\2Ct children; and 12 daily schools, 4 of which were supported by Lord Mandeville, 2 aided by his lordship, and 1 aided with £2 2s. from the Rev. Mr. Bell and a graduated allowance from the London Hiberninn Society, had on their books 558 boys and ."x^o frirU- In 1840, National schools at Poyntzpass aiid Clare had on their books respectively 193 and 159 cliildren.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 152

30. 1820 banking panic: Alexander stops in Dublin

    Dublin · city · Dublin

    During a month of rapid banking failures across Ireland, Messrs. Alexander at Dublin stopped payment, contributing to the eleven banks that broke.

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    panic. Then began an accumulative series of those rapid failures which seem to be known to no other country, and which spread indescribable calamity and consternation over the whole surface of the island. In the month of June, the Banking firm of Roche and Co., of Cork, failed ; and, on the same morning, that of Leslie and Co. suspended payment in the same city. By the next Saturday, Messrs. Maunsell, of Limerick, had closed their doors. These embarrassments were quickly followed by the stoppage of Messrs. Rial, at Clonmel ; Sause, at Carrick-on-Suir ; Newport, at Waterford; Loughnan, at Kilkenny; Alexander, at Dublin; until, within a single month, eleven Banks had broken, and in the whole south of Ireland there remained open only two bouses — Messrs. Delacour, at Mallow, and Redmond, at Wexford."

    In 1783, the Bank of Ireland commenced operation with a capital of ;£600,000 Irish currency ; from 1784 till 1799, its dividend was from 5 to 6 per cent. ; in 1800, its capital was £1,500,000, and its dividend 7 per cent. ; in 1809, its capital was £2,500,000, and its dividend up to 1814 was 7^ per cent. ; in 1821, a bonus of £500,000 was added to the original capital; from 1821 to 1829, the dividend was 10 per cent. ; and from 1829 to 1835, the dividend was 9 per cent. In 1797, the circulation of the Bank of Ireland was £621,917; in 1808, £2,827,000; in 1809, £3,068,100; in 1810, £3,157,300; in 1813, £4,212,600; in 1821, £5,181,600 ; in 1825, £6,309,300 ; and in 1843, £3,100,000. The banks formed since the legalizing of joint stock bimks in 1821, have been the Hibernian, the Northern, the Provincial, the Belfast, the Agricultural, the Provident, the National, the Ulster, the Royal, the Tipperary, and the London and Dublin banks. The Agricultural and the Provident have ceased ; and the partners, branches, and capital of the others, as well as of the Bank of Ireland, in 1843, are shown in the following table : —

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 58

31. 1820 banking panic: Maunsell closes in Limerick

    Limerick · city · Limerick

    During an accumulative series of rapid banking failures in Ireland, Messrs. Maunsell of Limerick closed their doors by the Saturday following the Cork bank failures.

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    panic. Then began an accumulative series of those rapid failures which seem to be known to no other country, and which spread indescribable calamity and consternation over the whole surface of the island. In the month of June, the Banking firm of Roche and Co., of Cork, failed ; and, on the same morning, that of Leslie and Co. suspended payment in the same city. By the next Saturday, Messrs. Maunsell, of Limerick, had closed their doors. These embarrassments were quickly followed by the stoppage of Messrs. Rial, at Clonmel ; Sause, at Carrick-on-Suir ; Newport, at Waterford; Loughnan, at Kilkenny; Alexander, at Dublin; until, within a single month, eleven Banks had broken, and in the whole south of Ireland there remained open only two bouses — Messrs. Delacour, at Mallow, and Redmond, at Wexford."

    In 1783, the Bank of Ireland commenced operation with a capital of ;£600,000 Irish currency ; from 1784 till 1799, its dividend was from 5 to 6 per cent. ; in 1800, its capital was £1,500,000, and its dividend 7 per cent. ; in 1809, its capital was £2,500,000, and its dividend up to 1814 was 7^ per cent. ; in 1821, a bonus of £500,000 was added to the original capital; from 1821 to 1829, the dividend was 10 per cent. ; and from 1829 to 1835, the dividend was 9 per cent. In 1797, the circulation of the Bank of Ireland was £621,917; in 1808, £2,827,000; in 1809, £3,068,100; in 1810, £3,157,300; in 1813, £4,212,600; in 1821, £5,181,600 ; in 1825, £6,309,300 ; and in 1843, £3,100,000. The banks formed since the legalizing of joint stock bimks in 1821, have been the Hibernian, the Northern, the Provincial, the Belfast, the Agricultural, the Provident, the National, the Ulster, the Royal, the Tipperary, and the London and Dublin banks. The Agricultural and the Provident have ceased ; and the partners, branches, and capital of the others, as well as of the Bank of Ireland, in 1843, are shown in the following table : —

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 58

32. Abbeystrowry priory ruins and Roche tomb

    Abbeystrowry · townland · Cork

    The ecclesiastical edifice from which Abbeystrowry parish takes its name stands west of Skibbereen. Originally a priory, it was long used as a parish church but has for generations been a ruin, containing a large tomb of the Roches and other old memorials of the dead.

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    which becomes lost in the ocean at the entrance of Baltimore harbour. The lands near the town are well-cultivated, and afford excellent cereal crops. The soil is a grey clay, and, in some places, red ; with a slaty bottom ; but has been extensively worked into a loam by cultivation, and by manuring with sea sand. No limestone occurs nearer than Muskerry. Much the larger proportion of the parochial area is rough ground, impervious to the plough. The ecclesiastical edifice whence the name of the parish is taken, stands west of Skibbereen. It was originally a priory, and was long used as a parishchurch ; but has, for generations, been a ruin. In its interior are a large tomb of the Roches, and

    some other old memorials of the dead This parish

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 112

33. Acton: Planned Stone Village in Co. Armagh

    Acton · townland · Armagh

    Acton village in Co. Armagh is built on a regular plan with streets intersecting at right angles, its houses constructed with hewn stone and well-slated. The mansion, demesne, and manor of Acton are in the vicinity.

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    the dio. of Armagh. Gross income £100 ; nett £98 Os. lid. Patron, the incumbent of Ballymore. The church was built, in 1788, at the cost of upwards of ;£300, gifted by the late Board of First Fruits. Sittings 250. Average attendance, 200 and upwards. Two Presbyterian meeting-houses in the parish were formerly Secessional, but are now in the Newry presbytery of the General Assembly ; and have an average attendance of, respectively, 400 to 500, and 300 to 350. The Roman Catholic chapel is attended by 600. The parishioners were computed, in 1834, to consist of 617 Churchmen, 1,948 Presbyterians, and 1,423 Roman Catholics. Five day-schools, in 1834, had aggregately on their books 247 boys and 195 girls ; and one was aided with £\Q from the National Board, one with £7 from the London Hibernian Society ; and two with, respectively, £7 and £5 from Colonel Close The village of Acton stands on the west bank of the Newry canal, and on the road from Newry to Portadown ; 2} miles south-south-east of Tanderagee, and 58 north of Dublin. The place is built on a regular plan, with one street intersecting another at right angles ; and has a neat and pleasant appearance. The houses are constructed with hewn stone, well-slated, and proportionally arranged. The situation is both very favourable for trade, and naturally beautiful. The mansion, demesne, and manor of Acton, are in the vicinity. Area of the village, 8 acres. Pop., in 1831, •i57; in 1841, 210. Houses 47.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 112

34. Aherlow Castle at the lower end of the glen

    near Aherlow · population centre · Tipperary

    Aherlow Castle stands at the lower end of the scenic glen of Aherlow, near where the river meets the Suir above Cahir. Mansions of Riversdale and Stagdale are situated at the upper end of the glen.

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    AHERLOW (Thb), a highly scenic stream, partly in the barony of Coshlea, co. Limerick, but chiefly in that of Clanwilliam, co. Tipperary, Munster. It rises among the western heights of the Galtee mountains, and pursues a course of about 6 miles northward, and 12 miles eastward to the Suir, at a point 2 miles above Cahir. The part of its basin or vale, which contains the 'finest scfenery, and is called, par ejcot/- /eace, the glen of Aherlow, is about 6 miles in length and 14. in mean breadth. . The Galtces, which fornix its southern screen, soar aloft to an altitude of 2,400 feet; and the Tipperary hills, along the north, though various in height, and inferior in boldness, are sufficiently lofty and intricate to give force and character to the landscape. The verdant and softly towering outlines of the Galtees, the prolonged sheets of forest on the Tipperary hills, and the breadth and luxuriance of the intervening plain, impart to the river's landscape a noble richness which quite competes with such wild sublimity as occurs in more dpine districts, and may bear comparison with some of the most boasted opulence in the great natural picture gallery of Wicklow. At the upper end of the glen are the mansions of Riversdale and Stagdale ; near the middle is New Forest ; and at the lower end.is Aherlow -Castle. See Galtss

    I^UNTADTS.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 112

35. Ancient church at Athy St. Michael

    Athy · town · Kildare

    The church of the Athy benefice, situated in the parish of Athy St. Michael near the east end of the bridge in the town of Athy, is so old a building that the date and cost of its erection are unascertainable. It had 600 sittings with average attendance of 280 to 300.

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    is in the dio. of Dublin. Gross income, £554 2s. 6d. ; nett, £472 1 9s. 4d. Patron, the diocesan. Two curates are employed at salaries of respec<* tively £75 and £35. The church, situated in the parish of Athy St. Michael, and not far from the east end of the bridge in the town of Athy, is so old a building that the date and cost of its erection are unascertainable. Sittings 600 ; average attendance, from 280 to 300. The chapel in the gaol is served every Sabbath by both a Protestant and a Roman Catholic ofliciate. Roman Catholic parochial chapels exist in Athy St. Michael and in Tankardstown, and will be noticed in the articles on these parishes. The chapel of a friary in the town has an attendance of from 50 to 60, and is served by two friars. A Wesleyan meeting-house is attended by from 50 to 200 ; a chapel of Protestant dissenters, following the doc trines of Mr. Kelly, by from 30 to 40 ; and a private house, used as a separatist place of worship, by from 12 to 20. In 1834, the inhabitants of the union consisted of 1,164 Churchmen, 33 Protestant dissenters, and 7>815 Roman Catholics ; and 7 daily schools had on their books 322 boys and 186 girls.

    ATHY St. JOHN, a parish, partly in the barony of Ballyadams, Queen's co., but chiefly in that of West Narragh, and Rheban, co. Kildare, Leinster. Its main body lies on the right bank of the Barrow ; four small pendicles of it lie detached and isolated in Athy St. Michael's; and its Kildare section contains part of the town of Athy. Near its south border is Tonlegee -house. Length, 1 mile; breadth, ^; area, 1.123 acres, — of which 102 acres are in the Queen's co. section, and 66 acres in the town of Athy. Pop., in 1831, 1,955; in 1841, 1,781. Houses 295. Pop., in 1841, of Queen's co. section, 10; of the rural districts of CO. Kildare section, 384. Houses in these respec.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 146

36. Annaghmore morass: deep quagmire on King's-Queen's border

    Annaghmore · townland · Sligo

    A morass on the Annaghmore estate on the borders of King's and Queen's counties formed part of a cluster of four bogs totalling over 1,138 acres. Some 664 acres consisted of deep red morassy moss and shaking quagmire, 30 to 37 feet deep, between the hill of Killurin and the high land of Annaghmore.

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    ANNAGHMORE, a demesne on the borders of King's and Queen's counties, Lcinster. A morass on the estate is one of a cluster of 4 bogs, | of a mile north of Lough Annagh : see Annauh. The other three are Killurin, Gurteen, and Glebe bogs. The whole have an area of 1,138 acres, 2 roods, 38 perches. Of this area, 664 acres and 21 perches are a deep red morassy moss, and shaking quagmire, from 30 to 37 feet in depth, full of springs, situated between the hill of Killurin and the high land of Aimaghmore. The clusters form part of a division of bogs on the borders of King's and Queens counties, comprehending 4.656 acres, whose reclamation, as estimated by Mr. Longfield^ would cost £6,514 17s. lOd.

    ANNAGH-tTAN, a small island in the barony of Mbycullen, co. Galwav, Connaught. It lies on the east side of the head of Kilkerrin bay, between Littermore island and the mainland, about 21 miles west of Galway. Its circumference is about 3 miles.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 112

37. Annestown port and Castle Don-Isle ruins

    Annestown · townland · Waterford · 1836–1841

    A village and small sea-port in the parish of Dunhill, Waterford, standing near the ruins of Castle Don-Isle on an extensive plain about three miles west-south-west of Tramore. Its harbour sits in a small rocky bay, and lead mines between the village and Tramore were opened by the Mining Company of Ireland after 1836.

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    ANNESTOWN, a village and small sea-port in the parish of Dunhill, barony of Middlethird, co. Waterford, Munster. Area, 12 acres. Pop., in 1831, 232; in 1841, 149. Houses 25. It stands near the ruins of Castle Don-Isle, oh the lip of an extensive and pleasant plain, a little upwards of 3 miles west-south-west of Tramore. The harbour is in a small rocky bay adjacent to the village. Mr. M*Donell, in his Report on the Fishery Harbour*, recommended the grant of <£ 150 to execute a plan for improving the harbour, on condition of Mr. Cole, the occupant, completing the work ; and his recommendation was agreed to. Annestown lead mine« situated between the village and Tramore, was opened by the Mining Company of Ireland since ih9 end of 1836, and employs 16 men. Waterford, 8 miles distant, is the place for shipping the ore aiid receiving supplies.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 112

38. Antrim borough and Massarene suburb

    near Antrim · town · Antrim · 1831–1841

    The borough of Antrim was confined to the townland of Antrim, extending less than a mile along the old road to Ballymena. A seneschal appointed by the Marquis of Donegal held a local court, though administration was subject to much complaint. A suburb called Massarene stood in Muckamore Grange, barony of Lower Massarene.

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    The Commissioners on Municipal Corporations leport that the limits of the borough could not be well ascertained, but were confined to the townland of Antrim, which extends not more than an English mile along the old road to Ballymena ; that a seneschal, appointed by the Marquis of Donegal, to one of whose ancestors the manor was granted, held a local court in the borough ; that the administration of the seneschal was the subject of much complaint, and deserved minute inquiry and detailed observation ; that county quarter-sessions were held thrice a-year, and petty-sessions once a-fortnight; that there was no local police, and no legal provision acted on for lighting or watching the town ; and that the alleged privileges of a weighmaster, appointed but not sworn by Lord Ferrard, appeared to have interfered with a project of a committee of the inhabitants for the establishment and regulation of an ei^ tensive grain-market. The town's portion of churchrate for the year ending at Easter, 1836,. was £\7 10s. 5id. ; and its proportion of county cess for the year ending at the Lent assizes, in 1836, was £108 ^s. 5d. Area of the town, 116 acres. Pop.,, in 1831, 2,655; in 1841, 2,393. Houses 4^. A suburb called Massarene stands in Muckamorc Grange, barony of Lower Massarene. Pop.^ in 1841, including that suburb, 2,645. Houses 501.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 121

39. Ardea-castle on the Kenmare estuary

    Ardea · townland · Kerry

    Ardea-castle stands in the vicinity of the hamlet of Ardea, on the south shore of the Kenmare river estuary in County Kerry, ten statute miles south-west of Kenmare.

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    ARDEA, a hamlet in the parish of Tuosist, barony of Glanerought, co. Kerry, Munster. It stands on the south siiore of the Kenmare river or estuary, 10 statute miles south-west of Kenmare. In its vicinity is Ardea-castle. A dispensary here is one of six under the Kenmare Poor-law union; and, in 1839-40, it received and expended £132 3s., administered to 1,271 patients, and served for a population of 6,208, dispersed over an area of 40,000 acres. Pop. returned with the parish.

    ARDEA, Queen's co. See Ardrea.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 121

40. Ardkeen castle, ancient seat of the Savages

    Ardkeen · townland · Down

    On a lofty eminence overhanging Lough Strangford in Ardkeen parish anciently stood the seat of the Savages, a castle and dwelling-house surrounded by a rampart looking down upon the lake.

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    ARDKEEN, a parish in the barony of Ardes, co. Down, Ulster. It lies along Lough Strangford, immediately north of Ardquin ; and, owing to similarity of name and contiguity of position, seems to be very generally confounded with that parish. Ardkeenhouse stands on the shore of a little narrow creek called X>orii, 'the haft of a sword,* I^ mile northnorth-east of Ardguin-house, and 3^ north of Portaferry. The name Ardkeen signifies * a high head ;' and alludes to a somewhat lofty eminence which overhangs Lough Strangford. On this eminence anciently stood the seat of the Savages [see Ardes] ; a castle and dwelling-house, surrounded by a rampart, and looking boldly down upon the lake. The parish is traversed north ^vard by the road from Portaferry to Belfast. About one-fourth of the parochial surface is land of second-rate quality ; and all the rest is either impracticably rocky soil or cut-out bog. Length, 3 miles; breadth, 2(; area, 4,801 acres. Pop., in 1831, 2,176; in 1841, 2,238. Houses 429. — Ardkeen is an appropriate rectory and a perpetual

    ARD

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 122

41. Ashfield Lodge, seat of Col. Clements near Cootehill

    Cootehill · town · Cavan

    Ashfield Lodge, located about a mile from Cootehill, is described as the seat of Colonel Henry Clements. The parish of Ashfield, in Cavan, was drained westward by the Cootehill river and traversed by the Dublin to Clones road.

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    ASHFIELD, a quoad $acra parish, within the quoad civilia parish of Killersherdiny, in the north of the barony of Tullaghgarvey, and in the vicinitv of the town of Cootehill, co. Cavan, Ulster. Length and breadth, each 3 miles ; area, 4,535^ acres. Pop., in 1831, 3,010. About 243 acres are unprofitable ; and the rest of the land is of middle-rate quality. The surfiice is drained westward by the Cootehill river, and traversed northward bv the road from Dublin to Clones. About a mile from Cootehill is Ash field Lodge, the seat of Col. Henry Clementa. The only village is Clementstown : which see. — This parish b a perpetual curacy, and a separate benefice, in the dio. of Kilmore. Gross income, jei22 8s. ; nett, £106 10s. Patron, the incumbent of Killersherdiny. The late Board of First Fruits gave, about the year 1796, £461 lOi. 9d. for building the church ; and lent in 1820, £230 15s. 4|d. for the erection of a spire. Sittings in the church 900 ; attendance 200. The Roman Catholic chapel has an attendance of 600, and is served by two officiates, who belong to the parish of Killersherdinv. In 1834, the parishioners consisted of 1,385 Churchmen, 268 Presbyterians, 16 other Protestant dissenters, and 1,315 Roman Catholics; and 5 daily schools, at Ashfield, Doohurrick, Drummurry, Cortobber, and Littermore, had on their books 240 boys and 177 girls. One of the schools was connected with the Kildare-street Society, and another was aided with £10 and other advantages from subscription, and £8 from the Association for Discountenancing Vice.

    ASUFORD, a seat of Lord Oranmore, in the parish of Cong, barony of Kilmain, co. Mayo, Connaught. It stands at the head of Lough Corrib, in the vicinity of the town of Cong.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 138

42. Athlumney Castle: ruined 17th-century mansion on the Boyne

    Athlumney · townland · Meath

    Athlumney Castle, situated on the border of the river Boyne, is an extensive ruin of a spacious 17th-century-style mansion combined with vestiges of a fortalice. The parish also contains Athlumney House, the seat of P. P. Metge, Esq., with plantation reaching to the Boyne's margin.

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    ATHLUMNEY, a parish on the western border of the barony of Skreen, co. Meath, Leinster. It contains the villages of Factory and Littlefurze, and a small part of the town of Navan : see these articles. Length, 3 miles ; breadth, 2} ; area, 2,454 acres, — of which 35^ acres are water in the Boyne. Pop., in 1831, 1,148; in 1841, 1,269. Houses 232. Pop. of the rural districts, in 1841, 761. Houses 139. The river Boyne, flowing northward, separates the western border from the parish of Navan, and is bere crossed by two stone bridges. The land is all profitable and of good quality. Athlumney-house, the seat of P. P. Metge, Esq., sends down a sheet of plantation to the verdant margin of the Boyne. Athlumney-castle, on the border of the river, is an extensive ruin of a spacious mansion in the style which prevailed in the 17th century, combined with vestiges of the harsher features of a fortalice. The chief residences, additional to Athlumney, are Blarkcastlc, Boyneview, Petersville, Mooretown, an<l Ferganstown. — This parish is a vicarage and a separate benefice in the die. of Meath. The vicarial tithes are compounded for j£90, and the rectorial for £180; and the latter are impropriate, and la'long to P. P. Metge, E«q. Gross income of the benefice. i:90; nett, £54 13s. 4d. Patrv>n, P. P. Metge, Esq. The church is in ruins; but evening service is performed in a private house, and attended by from 8 to 20. The Roman Catholic chapel is attended by from 400 to 450, and shares with Walterstown chapel in Monkstown the care of one officiate. In 1834, the Protestants amounted to 38, and the Roman Catholics to 1,148; and 2 daily schools — the one of which in Mr. Blundeirs factory, received al)out £18 a-year from the proprietor, and the other ;€I5 from subscription, and £10 from the Niitional Board — had on their books 79 boys and 59 girls. In 1840, the factory school was salaried by the National Board with £4.

    ATHNASSEY, Attexasst, Athakeast, or Atiieneast, a parish in the baronies of Coshlea uid Small County, co. Limerick, Munster. It

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 146

43. Ballinakill borough charter and franchise

    Ballinakill · town · Laois · 1613–1800

    Ballinakill's charter of incorporation was granted in the 10th year of James I, giving power to return two members to parliament. The Marquis of Drogheda controlled the corporation and received compensation money at the Union for loss of its franchise.

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    which was well attended till about twelve years ago, has been nearly destroyed by the attractions of a new market on the same day at Abbeyleiz. Fairs are entitled to be held on April 3, Jiriy 22, Nov. 5, Dee. 18*, and the Thursday of the week of Pentecost; but, in some instances, they exist only on paper. In 163&, the town does not seem to have had a single public conveyance, either of its own or in transit. The limits of the quondan> borough, measured from the centre of the town, extend, on the north, about an English mile along the road to Dublin ; on the east, about 60 perches, to Camersford's brewery; on the south, 120 perches ; and on the west, about 120 perches, to Mr. Stubbard Mullin*s demesne wall. The site of the castle was excluded by charter from the corponition's jurisdiction. The borough's charter of incorporation was granted in the 10th year of James L, and gave to " the sovereign, burgesses, and freemen," the power of returning two members to parliament. The Marquis of Drogheda carried the whole corporation in his pocket, used it for the sole purpose of opening the doors of pariiament to hit nominees, and received the whole of the 4^15^000 of compensation money which was given at the Union for the loss of its franchise. All the buiig^ses and ,most of the freemen were non-resident; even the sovereign was generally non-resident ; and the mockery of a corporation, of course, ceased to exist ' the instant its parliamentary franchise was destroyed. A borough court, held by the sovereign or his deputy, ceased in 1800; a manor-court ceased about 22 years later; and quarter- sessions and petty-sessions,, formerly held in the town, have been removed to Abbeyleix. A party of the county-police preserve the peace. The streets are neither paved nor lighted, and are kept in repair by turnpike-road trustees and by county presentment. The market-house is maintained by the Earl of Stanhope, the lord of the manor. Area of the town, 85 acres. Pop., in 1831, 1,927; in 1844, 1,540. Houses 274v

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 148

44. Ballinamuck village and Erne-Shannon canal line

    near Ballinamuck · population centre · Longford · 1839

    A village in the parish of Killow, co. Longford, on the road from Newtown-Forbes to Arvagh. One of Mulvany's three surveyed lines for the Erne and Shannon Junction canal passes near the village, but the engineer pronounced certain objections to it "insuperable."

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    BULLIN AMUCK, a village in the parish of Killoe, and in the barony and co. of Longford, Leinster. It stands on the road from Kewtown-Forbes to Arvagh, within 1 ^ mile of the co. Leitrim, and 8| miles north-north -east of the town of Longford. One of Mr. Mulvany's three lines for the Erne and Shannan Junction canal [see Baij«ivamobe], passes near the village, and is designated by him the Ballinamuck line. This line would extend from the Shannon at Lough Fof4)es, along the valleys which are traversed by the boundary-line between counties Leitrim and Longford to Killeshandra, a distance of 23^ miles ; and the navigation would thence be continued by Lough Oughter and the river Erne. But certain objections to the line are pronounced by the engineer *' insuperable." The village gives

    BAL

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 148

45. Ballinskelligs harbour pier: fishery infrastructure

    Ballinskelligs · townland · Kerry

    Ballinskelligs harbour, on the west side of the bay near Ballinskelligs Island, is provided with a pier of 172 feet constructed through government, Fishery Board, and Dublin Charitable Committee grants. It was much used by fishing vessels and for landing sea-manure, improving the surrounding countryside.

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    blands, and several other islets, lie from 2| to 4} miles south of Hog Head, and serve to break the swell of the Atlantic, and diversify the seaward scenerv of the bay. Horse Island lies about 3 miles inward from each of the sentinel headlands, but pretty near the Iveragh shore. A rock in the bay. called Carrig Irrana, or Irr*s Rock, claims traditionally and in song to be the grave of Irr, one of the original Milesian chiefs, — or the place on which his body was cast, and his bones whitened, after he was drowned in the western main. The whole bay is much diversified and lifted to grandeur by its bold headlands ; and it laves a district so wild and magnificent in character, so intricate in outline, so noble and even sublime in contour, as to constitute quite a gallery of mountain and marine landscape. ** Though the roads in the district," says Mr. Fraser, " are in many places rugged and steep, and the only accom* modation a small public-house in the village of Waterville, yet in summer the splendid views which are obtained will amply repay those fond of marine and mountain scenery. * * The Skelligs rocks lie about 10 miles to seaward. On the Great Skellig, which is a lofty rock of slate rising several bundred feet above the level of the sea, two lighthou^jcs have been erected ; and the men appointed to the charge of them are regularly provisioned for six months. This rock, rising high above the billowy Atlantic, and crowned with its tall white towers, appears not merelv as a beacon to the mariner, but as a sentinel of the long line of iron-bound coast. The dark colour of the vast unbroken heathy surface of the headland of Iveragh, adds much to its wild and desolate character, and at the same time contrasts with the deep blue ocean which rolls along the whole extent of its rocky shores." Lady Chatterton, in 1838, says, •• The extensive bay of Ballinskelligs, peaceful as it looks, is said to be the most dangerous on this coast; and the harbour which goes by the same name, formed by a small island, has been, as a guide told us, * outlawed,' tJiat is, as he explained, declared to be unsafe." The harbour referred to by her ladyship, is on the west side of the bay, contiguous to Ballinaskellip island, and about 44 miles from Bolus Head ; and is provided with a regular pier of 172 feet in length, constructed and improved by various grants from government, from the Fishery Board, and from the Dublin Charitable Committee. Mr. Donnel, in his report on the Fishery Harbours, says, ** I place this harbour in the second class for its degree of utility in promoting the fisheries ;*' and he states that fish abound in the vicinity, and that the coast fishermen were improving in their exertions. According to an official ' Al^ stract of Reports,' in 1833, the pier is '* much used by fishing- vessels, and also for landing sea-manure, from the use of lar^e quantities of which the neighbouring country, tor a distance of about 7 miles round, is improving much." At the head of the bav stands the village of Waterville, and on a creek projecting from it stands Dbrrtnanb Abbey : see these articles.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 148

46. Ballintemple parish landscapes at meeting of the waters

    Ballintemple · townland · Wicklow

    The parish of Ballintemple in Co. Wicklow extends along the lower river Aughrim and part of the river Ovoca, commanding exquisite landscapes at 'the meeting of the waters.' The land in the valley bottoms and slopes is fertile, with highest ground reaching 1,399 feet in the south-west.

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    BALLINTEMPLE, a parish in the barony of Arklow, 4^ miles north-west of the town of Arklow, CO. Wicklow, Leinster. Length, 4A miles ; breadth, 2; area, 4,087 acres. Pop., m 1831, 1,021 ; in 1841, 1,114. Houses 185. The surface extends along the lower part of the river Aughrim, and a small part of the river Ovoca ; and both contributes and commands exquisite landscapes in the vales of these brilliant streams, and at '* the meeting of the waters." The land in the bottom, and on the slopes of the valleys is fertile. The highest ground is in the south-west, and has an altitude of 1,399

    feet This parish is a rectory, and a separate

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 152

47. Ballintoy daily school aided by Stewart bequest

    near Ballintoy · town · Antrim · 1834

    A daily school at Ballintoy was among six schools operating in the parish by 1834, educating 390 boys and 102 girls across all locations. The Ballintoy school received £15 per year charged on lands by the will of a James Stewart.

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    Oct 14. The road from Ballycastle to BiuhmilU passes through the village ; and an ample ramification of other roads traverses the interior — Thii parish is a rectory, and a separate benefice in the dio. of Connor. Tithe composition, exclusive of a portion assigned to the perpetual curate of Dunseverick parish, £389 19s. 5d. Gross income, £461 9s. Ad.; nett, £315 9s. lO^d. Patron, the diocesan. A curate receives a stipend of £70. Some of the townlamls of the pansh are within the perpetual curacy of Dunsbyebick: which see. The church was built in 1814, by means of £838 15s. 4id., raised by the parish, and £738 9s. 2}d. granted by the late Board of First FruiU. Sittings 500; attendance, from 150 to 200 in winter, and from 300 to 400 in summer. A Presbyterian meeting-house is attended by from 250 to 300, and a Roman Catholic chapel by 250 ; and the latter is united, in the Roman Catholic parochial arrangement, to the chapel of Armoy. In 1834, the parishioners consisted of 2,122 Churchmen, 933 Presbyterians, and 1,064 Roman Catholics ; and 6 daily schools, at Ballintov, Croaghbeg, Lisbetnagroagh, Drumnagosson, Prollisk, and litland-Macallen, had on their books 390 boya and 102 girls. The schools at Prollisk and Ishind- Macallen were wholly supported on an annual grant of £26 each from the Methodist Missionary Society, and that at Ballintoy was aided with £15 a-year, charged on lands by the will of a James Stewart

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 152

48. Ballon village and parish in Carlow

    Ballon · town · Carlow · 1831–1842

    Ballon parish in the barony of Forth contains a village of the same name, with chief residences at Sandbrook, Ballymogue, Kilmurry, Laragh, and Cappagh. The townlands of Castlegrace and Drisage were transferred from the barony of Rathvilly to Forth by act of 6 and 7 William IV.

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    BALLON, a parish, containing a viUi^ 4^ ih/t same name, in the barony of Fortl^ 8| mUes sootk by west of TuUow, co. Carlow, Leinster. Length* 2| miles ; breadth, 2 ; area, 3,700 acres. Pop., in 1831, 1,439; in 1841, 1,524. Houses 267. Area «f the village, 9 acres. Pop., in 1831, 161 ; in 1841« 827. Houses 58. The townlands of Castl^grace and Drisage, which contained, in 1831, a sop. of 57» belonged then to the baronv of Rathvilly, but were transferred, by act of 6 and 7 William IV., ta the barony of Forth. The parochial surface impinges on the watershed between the river-svstems of the Barrow and the Slaney : and consists m general of only middle-rate land. The chief resideuoet are Sandbrook, Ballymogue, Kilmurry, Laragh, and Cappagh. In 1842, the Ballon Loan Fund had a ci^iul of £1,803, circulated £5,350 in l^SXff Imbs. cleared a nett profit of £20 7*» 6d., and eipended for charitable purposes £13 lis. — This parish is a vicarage, and part of the benefice of Aohadb [vhiek see], in the dio. of Leighlin. The vicarial tithea are compounded for £80, and the rectorial for £140 ; and the latter are imoropriate, and belong to Lord Cloncurry. In 1834, tne Soman Catholics amounted to 1,406, and the Protestants jointly with those of Aghade parish, to 109 ; and 2 hedge-schools bad on their books 193 boys and 129 girls. In 1840, two National schools at Ballon and Conaberry were aided with respectively £10 and £12 a-year, and attended by 269 children.

    BALLRICHAN. See Balrichan.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 152

49. Ballyadams old castle, Queen's County

    Ballyadams · townland · Laois

    An old castle of lost history gave its name to both the parish and barony of Ballyadams in Queen's County (now Co. Laois). A modern mansion on the site also took the castle's name. The village of Ballintobber within the parish served as the site of the church.

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    24 ; area, 6,908 acres, — of which 395 acres are in Stradbally. Pop., in 1831, 2,165; in 1841,2,051. Houses 374. Pop. of the Stradbally section, in 1831, 62; in 1841, 45. Houses 7. These are the measurements and population of the civil parish ; but include those of the two ecclesiastical parishes of Ballyadams and Fonstown. Yet, as the two parishes are even ecclesiastically consolidated into one benefice, and are so blended in all their interests that their very mutual limits cannot be ascertained, they require to be treated, in the whole of their statistics, as if they were one. The village of Bai#« UNTOBBER [which scc] is within the limits ; and in consequence of its being the site of the church, the parishes sometimes associate its name with their own. An old castle, the history of which seems to be lost, gave both the parochial and the baronial name of Ballyadams, and has given it also to a modem mansion. The principal residences are Tallyho, Kellyville, Ballintobber, Southfield, Rathgilbert, Popefield, and Heathfield. The water-area comprises 8 acres, 3 roods, 15 perches in the river Barrow, and 14 acres, 3 roods, 26 perches in Lough

    Kellyville Ballyadams and Fonstown are rectories,

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 152

50. Ballyconnell court-house, bridewell and dispensary

    Ballyconnell · town · Cavan · 1836–1841

    Ballyconnell possesses a somewhat elegant court-house and a district bridewell recently improved from a neglected condition. A dispensary received £83 in 1839-40 and treated 1,290 patients; a fever hospital with only 5 beds was established but soon discontinued for want of subscriptions.

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    BALLYCONNELL, a small market and post town in the parish of Tomregan, barony of Tullaghagh, co. Cavan, Ulster. It stands on the Woodford river, and on the road from Killeshandra to Callowhill, about 5 miles west of Belturbet, 68 west-south-west of Belfast, and 74 north-west of Dublin. Its site is romantic and imposing. From its skirt rises the mountain of Slieve Russel, or, as it is called, in the ordnance survey, Ligavregra, — a height which attains an altitude of 1,300 feet above sea-level, and forms a conspicuous and remarkable feature in a considerable expanse of landscape. Immediately below the town, and on the banks of the river, stands Bally connell-house, the seat of W. H. Enery, Esq. A court-house in the town possesses a somewhat elegant appearance ; and a district bridewell is now well kept — though but a brief period ago it was in a neglected and disorderly condition — and it offers, in 2 day-rooms, 2 yards, and 3 cells, sufficient accommodation for the few prisoners who are confined on their way to the county gaol. A dispensary in the town is within the Cavan Poor-law union; and, in 1839-40, it received iC83 I Is., expended £83 13s. 3d., and administered to 1,290 patients. A ^ fever hospital was established 3 or 4 years ago ; but it contained only 5 beds, and was soon discontinued from want of subscriptions. " The insufficiency of subscriptions for the Ballyconnell dispensary, ' says the Report of the Commissioners in 1841, *' and the difficulty of obtaining fever hospital relief, induce a large proportion of the subscribers to advocate such legislation as would insure funds on the principle of the poor rate." Fairs are held on Feb. 13, March 17, May 16, June 24, July 20, Sept. 26, and Oct. 25. For schools, &c., see Tomregan. Area of the town, 75 acres. Pop., in 1831, 453 ; in 1841, 387. Houses 63.

    BALLYCONNELL, a village in the parish of Dromcliffe, barony of Carbery, co. Sligo, Connaught. It stands on the coast near Gessigo Point, and about 9A miles north-west of Sligo. Area, 10 acres. Pop., in 1841,55a. Houses 100.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 152

51. Ballyconra ancient seat of the earls of Kilkenny

    Ballyconra · townland · Kilkenny

    Ballyconra, situated at the southern extremity of the parish of Aharnet on the banks of the river Nore in Co. Kilkenny, was an ancient seat of the earls of Kilkenny. It is surrounded by a fine demesne.

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    AHARNET, Aoharnet, or Lisdownet, s parish, 3 miles south of Durrow, and partly in the barony of ClarmalUgh, Queen's co., but chiefly in that of Galmoy, co. Kilkenny, Leinster. The Kilkennv section contains the village of Lisdowmet : whicb see. Length, 2 miles; breadth, 2. Area of the Queen's co. section, 1,393 acres; of the co. Kilkenny section, 5,547 acres. Pop. of the whole, in 1831, 2,156 ; in 1841, 2.586. Houses 427. Pop. of the Queen's co. section, in 1831, 354; in 1841, 518. Houses 91. Pop. of the rural districts of the Kilkenny section, in 1831, 1,640; in 1841, 1,934. Houses 313.-— The parish is situated on the Nore, and traversed northward by the road from Kilkenny to Aghaboe. The land, partly arable and partly pastoral, is but of second-rate quality. Limestone abounds. Ballvconra, at the southern extremity, and on the banks of tJie Nore, is an ancient seat of the earls of Kilkenny, surrounded by a fine demesne Ahamey is a rectory and a vicarage, in the

    dio. of Ossory. Composition for the rectorial tithes, £226 13g. 4d. ; for the vicarial tithes, £1 13 6s. 8d. The rectory, in union with that of Attanagh, constitutes the sinecure benefice of Ahamey. Grosa income, £318 19s. 6d. ; nett, £288 lOs. S^A, Patron, the Crown. The vicarage, in union with that of Attanagh, and with the rectories of Rosconnel and Kilmenman, constitutes the benefice of Attanagh : see that article. There is neither glebehouse nor church. The Roman Catholic chapel at Lisdowney is attended bv 460 and 800 ; and has two officiates, who officiate also in Clontubrit and Whitegate. In 1834, the Protestants amounted to 46, and the Roman Catholics to 2,115; and a National school for boys was aided with £8, and attended by 105 scholars ; a National school for girls was aided with £6, and attended by 108 ; and two pay-schools, and a Roman Catholic Sunday school, were attended by respectively 120 and 306.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 112

52. Ballycroy district moorland and red deer

    near Ballycroy · population centre · Mayo

    The Ballycroy district in the half-barony of Erris, Co. Mayo, is described as a continuous expanse of irksome moorish upland with few spots of wretched cultivation. In the fastnesses of the mountains, a few red deer still found cover, and the coast features sandy shores, bog, and Tulloghaan Bay as a natural harbour.

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    BALLYCROY, a district, formerly a parish, of the half-barony of Erris, co. Mayo, Connaught. It forms the southern section of the mainland of Erris ; lies within the large paris^h of Kilcommon; and extends along Achill Sound and Blacksod bay. Pop., in 1831. 2,925. See Kilcommon. The surface of the whole district, with some very limited exceptions, is a continuous expanse of irksome moorish upland. *' Even in summer and autumn,'* savs Mr. Eraser, in reference to all Erris, in words which apply peculiarly to Ballycroy, " the few gpots of wretched cultivation appear as mere specks, and scarcely chequer the gloomy monotony of the heath -clad surface. * * Except the tall heather and the marsh willows, not a bush waves over the surface ; nor, in many places, does a house, fit for any civilized human being, gladden the scene. In the fastnesses of the mountains in the Ballycroy district, a few of the red deer still find a cover." Mr. Nimmo says, in description of the coast of Ballycroy : " Descending along the eastern side of Blacksod bay, we have little but low bare sandy shores and bog. There are two or three consider, able inlets, but all dry at low water. At Kenfennalty Point, opposite to Tarmon, is a sandy cove, protected bv a point of rock, in which there is some shelter. To the south of that, TuUoghaan bay, %vhich is the estuary of the Owenmore river, forms a natural harbour, up which vessels may pass for several miles, and ride in safety. Were the road along the Ballycroy shore perfected, a ferry pier at TuUoghaan would be of service to travellers, and also to the fishing craft ; but the southern side being an extensive strand at low water, its value must always be limited. The remainder of Ballycroy affords us nothing of interest, though the extensive shallow bay between it and Coraan Achil is sometimes a seat of the herring-fishery. Two little ferry piers at the narrow would be useful ; they would connect that part of Ballycroy with the new Achil road, and be frequently of great service to the fishery. I have opened a branch line of road down to this place."

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 152

53. Ballygawley town and its manufactures

    Ballygawley · townland · Tyrone

    A small market and post town in Tyrone on the Dublin-to-Londonderry road, with a neat new church, Presbyterian meeting-house, schools, a large distillery, and a brewery. The linen manufacture engages attention, and a glove manufacture is in much repute and of considerable extent. The Ballygawley Mountains rise 2 or 3 miles north of the town as the frontier range of the central tracts of mountain and moorland in Tyrone and Londonderry.

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    BALLYGAWLEY, a small market and post town, in the parish of Errigal-Keerogue, barony of Clogber, co. Tyrone, Ulster. It stands on the road from Dublin to Londonderry, 3| miles north-nortbwest of Augbnacloy, 12} south-east of Omagh, 56 west bv south of Belfast, and 74^ north-north-west of Dublin. It has an improving and a comparatively neat, clean, and prosperous appearance ; and is the site of a neat new church, a Presbyterian meetingbouse, some schools, a large distillery, and a brewery. The linen manufacture, as in most of the Ulster towm, engages attention ; and a manufiu:ture of gloves is in much repute, and of considerable extent. Fairs are held on June 5, Sept. 2, and Nov. 2. A dispensary here is within the Clogher Poor-law union, and has a district of 21,797 acres, with 10,692 inhabitants; and, in 1839-40, it received £121 12s., expended £123, and made 4,360 dispensations of medicine. The commencing or frontier range of the central tracts of mountain and moorland which occupy so large a portion of the counties of Tyrone and Londonderry, rises about 2 or 3 miles north of the town ; extends from west to east, and bears the name of the Ballygawley Mountains. Starbog spa is about 5 miles distant. Area of the town, 33 acres. Pop., in 1831, 972; in 1641,681. Houses 156. See Errigal-Keerogue.

    BALLYGEARY, a creek in the vicinity of New Quay, Kome distance south of Wexford Harbour, CO. Wexford, Leinster. At 7 perches from high watermark, it has a depth of two fiithoms, with

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 152

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere around here is Ballygawley, a small market and post town in the parish of Errigal-Keerogue, in the barony of Clogher, County Tyrone. It stands on the road from Dublin to Londonderry. The town has an improving, neat, clean, and prosperous appearance, with a neat new church, a Presbyterian meeting-house, some schools, a large distillery, and a brewery. The linen manufacture, as in most of the Ulster towns, engages attention, and a manufacture of gloves is in much repute and of considerable extent. Fairs are held on June 5, September 2, and November 2. A dispensary here, within the Clogher Poor-law union, serves a district of 21,797 acres with 10,692 inhabitants. In 1839-40 it received £121 12s, expended £123, and made 4,360 dispensations of medicine. The frontier range of the central tracts of mountain and moorland in Tyrone and Londonderry rises near here, extending west to east, and bears the name of the Ballygawley Mountains. Starbog spa is about 5 miles distant. The area of the town is 33 acres. The population in 1831 was 972; in 1641, 681. Houses numbered 156.

54. Ballyhaise market-house and seats

    Ballyhaise · town · Cavan

    The small market-town of Ballyhaise on the Annalee river has an improving appearance, a unique market-house constructed on arches, and extensive nearby corn-mills. Ballyhaise-house, seat of W. Humphreys, stands amid a large plantation, with Lisnagowan-house nearby.

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    BALLYHAISE, or Ballthaydb, a small markettown in the parish of Castleterra, barony of Upper Loughtee, co. Cavftn, Ulster. It stands on the Annalee river, and on the road from Cavan to Clones, 3 miles north-north-east of Cavan, aud 9^ south-south-west of Clones. The town has an improving appearance, a considerable weekly market, and annual fairs on March 1, May 18, July 13, Aug 30, Nov. 6, and Dec. 13. The market-house is an unique edifice of its class, constructed on arches. Near the town are extensive corn-mills. Ballyhaisehouse stands amidst a large expanse of plantation, and is the seat of W. Humphreys, Esq. Near it is Lisnagowan-hou^e. Area of the town, 52 acres. Pop., in 1831, 761; in 1841, 704. Houses 121. See Castleterra.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 152

55. Ballyhornan fishing village and pier

    Ballyhornan · townland · Down

    Ballyhornan is a small bay and fishing village about a mile south-west of the western side of the entrance to Lough Strangford. A small pier was erected by a corn merchant for his own accommodation, sufficient only for a vessel of small tonnage, and fishing-boats are drawn up on the beach.

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    B ALLYHORNAN, a small bav and a fishing village about a mile south-west of the western side of the entrance to Lough Strangford, barony of Lecale, ro. Down, Ulster. The village stands on the shore of the bay. A small pier has been erected here by a corn merchant for his own accommodation, but is sulficient only for a vessel of small tonnage. The fi>hiiig-boats are drawn up on the beach. Pop. not s|KM'iallv returned.

    BALLYIIOWARD, an alleged parish in the barony of Pubblcbricn, and rectory in the dio. of

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 152

56. Ballymoe village: distillery and Turla seat

    Ballymoe · electoral division · Galway · 1841

    The village of Ballymoe stands on the right bank of the river Suck, four miles south-by-east of Castlerea, and contains a distillery and well-attended improving markets. In its vicinity is Turla, the seat of John Cheevers, Esq.

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    BALLYMOE, a village in the parish of Drimtemple, and on the eastern frontier of the half-barony of Ballymoe, co. Galwav, Connaught. It stands 4 miles south by east of Castlerea, on the right bank of the river Suck, and on the road from the central parts of 00. Roscommon to Tuam. It contains a distillery, has well-attended and improving markets, and is the most considerable seat of trade and population in the two half-baronies which bear its name. In its vicinity is Turla, the seat of John Cheevers, Esq. Area of the village, 14 acres. Pop., in 1841, 300. Houses 44.

    BALLYMONEY, a parish, partly in the liberties of Coleraine, co. Londonderry, partly in the barony of Rilconway, co. Antrim, but chiefly in the barony of Upper Duiiluce, co. Antrim. The Dunluce section contains the town of Balltmonet and the village of Stranocum: which see. Length, 7 miles; breadth, 6. Area of the whole, 22,676 acres; of the Dunluce section, 21,304 acres; of the Kilconway section, 753 acres; of the Coleraine section, 619 acres. But the area of the Dunluce section includes 53 acres, 2 roods, 35 perches, in the river Bann, and 432^ acres in the parish of Tullaghgore, which was consolidated with Ballymoney in 1609. Pop. of the whole, in 1831, 11,579; in 1841, 11,727. Houses 2,045. Pop. of the Londonderry section, in 1831, 103; in 1841, 136. Houses 24. Pop. of the Kilcon way section, in 1831, 337; in 1841, 402. Houses 69. Pop. of the rural districts of the Dunluce section, in 1831,8,785; in 1841,8,559. Houses 1,500. The surface is drained along the west by the river Bann ; it contains large tracts of bog ; it consists, in its arable lands, of fertile soil ; and it is traversed by the great road from Belfast to Coleraine,

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 152

57. Ballyshannon royal charter under James I

    Ballyshannon · town · Donegal · 1613

    During the reign of James I, in the tenth year of that king and as part of the New Plantation in Ulster, Ballyshannon received a royal charter of incorporation. The corporation comprised a portreeve, twelve free burgesses, and the commonalty, and the borough sent two members to parliament.

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    Municipal Affairs, ^c. ]— -Ball^hannon— ancieiitly Balleshannan-lwas a village dunng the leifn of Jamet L ; and in the 10th year of that king, in the coiirae of the '* New Plantation in Ulster," it received a royal charter of incorporation. Its corporatien was called, ** The Portreeve, Free Burgesses, and Cemmonalty of the Borough of Ballyshannon ;" and cmisisted of ft portreeve, 12 free burgesses, and ** all the inhaUtanta within the borough, and ssch and so many other men as the portreeve and free burgesses for the time beinff should admit into the freedom of the borough.^' The portreeve was elected annually^ and the free burgesses for life, yet removeable by the vole of a majority of their brethren. The charter created ft court eif record, with dvil jurisdiction within the borough, to the amount of £3 Os. 8d. The borough sent twft members to pftrlianent, elected by the p«rt*

    BAL

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 153

58. Boyne Navigation to Navan

    Navan · town · Meath · 1837

    The Boyne navigation allowed large sea-borne vessels to travel up to Drogheda, and was artificially aided for 19 miles further to Navan. In 1837, the tolls collected on this navigation amounted to £775.

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    The Grand Canal, which forms the largest and most remarkable of the lines exhibited on the map, sends off a main branch to communicate with the navigation of the Barrow at Athy ; sendi off six other branches which, together with this main one, have an aggregate extent of 65} miles ; passes through Philipstown and Tullamore to the river Shannon, at Shannon Harbour, 7^ miles from Dublin ; communicates there with all the extensive and ramified navigation of the Shannon from Lough Allen to the ocean ; and finally proceeds 9^ miles to Ballinasloe, there probably to communicate at some future period with a long projected system of inland navigations through the lakes of Oonnaught to the sea at Westport and Killalla. The total tonnage in the trafiic on this canal in 1822 was 134,939, and in 1837 was 215,910 ; and the amount of tolls in these years was respectively £24,866 and £40,859. In 1830, the effect of the introduction of steam-power on the Shannon, and the communication which this established between Limerick and Liverpool, began to be felt on the Grand Canal, and mainly contributed to the increase of its traffic ; and the numerous improvements on the Shannon navigation, projected by the public commissioners, will greatly facilitate the means of communication at many points on both banks, and bring a much greater range of country within reach of the advantages of the navigation, and in consequence materially augment the trafiSc on both the .Grand and the Royal Canal. From Carrick-on-Shannon past Athlone, Portumna, Killaloe, Limerick, and other places, to the sea, the river Shannon, or rather its chain of lakes, has for years past been partiaUy navigated over a distance of about 150 miles by steam-vessels either carrying goods and passengers or acting as steam-tugs. The total tonnage carried by the boats of the Inland Navigation Company on the Shannon in 1826, was 2,004 tons, and in 1836 was 47,289 tons ; and the quantity of agricultural produce carried from Limerick and shipped at Dublin for Liverpool in 1833, was 187 tons of wheat, 520 tons of flour, 543 tons of oatmeal, and 4,998 firkins of butter, — and in 1836, was 289 tons of wheat, 7,158 tons of flour, 1,156 tons of oatmeal, and 12,795 firkins of butter. The Royal Canal, begim in 1789, runs very near the Grand' Canal for 52 miles, or to Mullingar, proceeds thence north-westward by Ballymahon and Killashee, sends off a branch of 5 miles from the latter place to Longford, and joins the Shannon at Richmond Harbour, 92 miles from Dublin. In 1834, the total receipts and expenditure connected with this canal were respectively £24,000 and £11,376 ; and, in 1836, they were respectively £25,148 and £11,912. The navigation of the Barrow from the south end of the main branch of the Grand Canal at Athy has been effected by the construction of 17 locks, and the formation of a horse trackway ; and it forms a line of communication along the rich though narrow limestone valley of Carlow, with Bagnalstown, St. MuUins, New Ross, the Suir navigation, and the ocean. In 1800, the tonnage on the Barrow navigation was 19,828 tons, and the amount of tolls was £1,405 ; and, in 1835, the tonnage was 66,084 tons, and the amount of tolls was £4,966. The navigation of the Suir takes very large sea-borne vessels up to the city of Waterford ; but forms a very imperfect navigation for barges thence to Clonmel, the boatmen having great difficulty in forcing the barges through its numerous shallows and rapids. The Boyne navigation carries large sea-borne vessels up to Drogheda, and is thence aided artificially 19 miles to Navan; and, in 1837, the amount of tolls was £775 178. Id. The Newry navigation is 21 miles in length,

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 63

59. Christ's Church, Bandon: cruciform old church

    Bandon · town · Cork

    Christ's Church stands on the north side of Bandon and is the more important of the town's two old churches. It was built in cruciform manner with a strong oaken roof but has often been altered and repaired. It served as a parochial place of worship.

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    of the town are still standing, and serve as the parochial places of worship. That on the north side* is the more important of the two, bears the name of Christ's church, and was built in the cruciform- manner, with strong oaken roof, but has often been altered and repaired. Dr. Smith notices, in the Ballymodan or south church, ** a fine monument to the memory of Francis Bernard, Esq., one of the justices of the court of common pleas. On the right is a Minerva recluiing on her sgis ; and on the left is Justice, leaning on her arm, her sword in her hand. Over an obelisk of fine Egyptian marble, is a coat of arms, viz^ three escalop shells on a bend." The third place of worship, incidentally noticed as belonging to the Establishment, is, or in 1837 was, merely a Bchoolhouse. The dispensary and the Roman Catholic chapels, the market-houses, the barrack, the workhouse, the bridge of 6 arches across the river, and the other public buildings, present nothing remarkable in either history or construction.

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60. Cookstown quarries rich in fossil remains

    near Cookstown · town · Tyrone

    The quarries at Cookstown in County Tyrone are remarkable for the number and variety of fossil organic remains they contain. Nearly every species found there also occurs low in the lower limestone series, including at quarries near the Grand Canal in Kildare and in the Lee valley near Cork.

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    The upper or splintery limestone is of comparatively rare occurrence and limited extent ; and in < ooDsequenoe of its containing most of the same kinds of organic remains which occur in the lower limestone, it cannot always be certainly distinguished. "A country composed of the upper lime- •iooe is usually extremely rugged, and contains numerous crags and munJ precipices, which at a distance present the character of rude columnar facades ; it is usually cavernous, and the streams ftlling from higher elevations are frequently lost in fissures, and flow through subterranean channels, tin at length they burst forth from the lower strata of the series, and flow down the more gentle dadivities of the calp shale beneath them. The rock is commonly of a light smoke-grey, or bluish grey colour ; the fructure is splintery in one direction, and conchoidal in the other ; the texture is even and close-grained, — ^frequently the mass is extremely brittle, and breaks into indeterminately angular fragments ; the upper beds contain much black and grey hornstone, arranged in regular or undulating layers ; they occur also in detached elliptical masses. Strata belonging to the upper limestone are well exposed to view in the precipitous sides of the carboniferous limestone mountains of the counties of Sligo, Fermanagh, Cavan, and Leitrim. The general character of the rock is similar throughout ; every precipice presents at a distance the same semi-columnxur aspect, is of the same grey colour, breaks with the same splintery and conchoidal fracture, and abounds with the same foadl organic remains ; the lower beds consist of the same alternations of dark grey hmestone with thin beds of shale ; and the upper contain the same layers and detached masses of black and grey hornstone. The upper strata of the series are frequently associated with irregular beds of semi-crystalline brown spar rock, the exposed and disintegrated surfaces of which so much resemble ordinary grey sandstone in appearance, that this rock has frequently been mistaken for it. Thus brown spar of this kind occurs in the upper limestone, on the summit of Knocknaree mountain in the county of Sligo, in a similar position on Belmorc mountain in the county of Fermanagh, and in many other localities. In Bclmore mountain the thickness of the upper limestone amounts to &50 feet, in Benbuben it is 500 feet, and at the eastern base of Cuilcagh mountain, in the valley of Swanlinbar, in the county of Cavan, it is COO feet. Leaving the Lough Allen mountain district, the next locality in which the upper limestone occurs is in the vicinity of and surrounding the coal formation of the county of Tyrone ; commencing at Dungannon, it extends towards Stewartstown, and thence underlying the small coal field of Annahone, north of Stewartstown, it continues by Killjrmeen to Cookstown, in which neighbourhood it is covered by strata belonging to the new red sandstone. The quarries at Cookstown are remarkable for the number and variety of fossil organic remains which they contain ; and it is to be observed that almost every species and variety which occur there have likewise been discovered low down in the series of the lower limestone, particularly in the quarries in the Clane, near the Grand Canal, in the county of Kildare, and in the valley of the river Lee near the city of Cork. It is probable that the upper limestone does not occur in any of the portion of the great midland limestone district

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 23