The Parliamentary gazetteer of Ireland

Each story keeps the passage it was read from. Open one to read it as the scan has it, and, where the companion has written its own telling, that too. The passages are read off photographs of the page by machine, so a word here and there comes out wrong; they are kept as the reading produced them, so you can check any of them against the scan.

1. Copper at Ross Island, Killarney

   Ross Island · townland · Kerry

   Copper is found at Ross Island in the lower lake of Killarney, and at Muckross on the shores of that lake.

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   becomes evident that the bottom of the tertiary deposit must be at least 164 feet below the lerel of the sea. The clay district of Lough Neagh is similar to the potter's clay district of Bohvey, in Devonshire ; and pits have been opened in many parts for the purpose of raising pipe day ; but hitherto no beds of a pure white colour have been discovered, at least none which preeerre their white colour when exposed to the heat of the potter's baking furnace ; but there can be no doubt, if proper trials were made in different parts of the district, that pure white potter's clay would be discovered. Potter's clay, similar to that of Lough Neagh, occurs in a valley resting on the carboniferous limestone situated to the south-east of Cahir, in the county of Tipperary ; and many years since, considerable quantities of clay were raised, and exported from thence to the potteries of England. White clay also occurs in a similar position, resting on limestone near St. John's Point, and other localities on the western bank of Lough Ree, in the county of Roscommon." Yesuvian, though of not well developed crystal, has been found at Kilranelagh, in a rock composed of common garnet, quartz, and felspar. Grenalite occurs in a micaceous compound, in the lead mines of Wicklow. The precious beryl has been found embedded in granite near Loughs Bray in CO. Wicklow. Cronebane has been found in the mountains of Wicklow and Dublin. Andalusite occurs in the micaceous schist of Djouce mountain in Wicklow. A mineral nearly allied to andalusite has been found in great abundance at Killincy in co. Dublin. A crystallized mineral of characters very similar to those of indurated talc, accompanies the andalusite of Djouce mountain. Hollow spar, in very distinct specimens, has been found at and near Baltinglass in co. Wicklow. Pitch-stone, traversing granite, occurs near Newry in co. Down. Granular sulphate of baryies, mcoompanied by iron pyrites, has been found on the shore near Clonakilty in co. Cork. Wavellite, Tery similar in its external character and in its analysis to the wavellite of Devonshire, as described bj Sir Humphrey Davy, has been found about 10 miles south-east of the city of Cork. Jaspers of Tarious sizes have been discovered in yellow clay, a few feet below the surface, near the southern extremity of the granite district in co. Kilkenny. Amethysts have been found in the cliffs in the Tidnity of Kerry Head. Transparent crystals, popularly known as Kerry stones, and harder, larger, and more brilliant than Bristol stones, are comparatively abundant in various parts of Kerry. Gold was for several years obtained in rather large quantity on the mountain of Croghan- Kinshela in co. Wicklow. Silver appears to have been obtained in considerable quantities, previous to the Carlist wars of the 17th century, in the lead mines of Antrim, Sligo, and Tipperary. Copper is found at Ross Island in the lower lake of KiUarney ; at Muckross, on the shores of that lake ; at Cronebane and Ballymurtagh in co. Wicklow ; and in some parts of counties Cork, Clare, Mcath, Waterford, and Dublin. Lead occurs near Enniscorthy in co. Wexford ; at Derrynoose in co. Armagh ; near Glendalough in co. Wicklow ; near the city of Dublin ; and in parts of counties Sligo, Antrim, Tipperary, and Donegal Iron ores are plentiful in various parts of Ireland ; and, in the 17th century, they were worked in a number of districts till the circumjacent timber available for smdting was exhausted. The grey ore of manganese has been found in the peninsula of Howth, in various parts of co. Kilkenny, in the Mayo mountains of Glanmore, and in several other counties. Cobalt accompanies the copper of Muckross in co. Kerry ; and a variety of the earth black cobalt ore of Werner, has been found in the peninsula of Howth. Tin stone occurs in Croghanym«h<>U in CO. Wicklow. Porcelain earth, equal in purity to the china clay of Cornwall, has been found in the south-west of co. Wicklow. Mineral springs, chiefly chalybeate, occur in almost every county ; and those most in repute, as the resorts of invalids, are the spa of Ballyspellan near Urlingford in co. Kilkenny, the spa of Lucan near Dublin, the spa of Swanlinbar in co. Cavan, and the spa of Mallow in co. Cork.

   Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 23

2. Cork Harbour described as a world-class landlocked basin

   near Cork Harbour · estuary · Cork

   Cork Harbour is accessed via a narrow two-mile channel that opens into a vast, landlocked basin. The author describes it as one of the finest in the world, large enough to hold the entire English navy and surrounded by a picturesque panorama.

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   Cork Harbour— ezdosive of an outer and open seaward sweep, which may be regarded as a sort of outer harbour— enters by a narrow channel of 2 miles in length, and suddenly expands into one of the finest landlocked basins in the world, — a basin capacious enough to accommodate the entire navy of England, and zoned all round with a singularly picturesque though close panorama. Ringabella creek opens on the west side of the outer harbour of Cork, a little north of Cork Head, and possesses a small estuarial character. Robert's Cove, Rocky bay. Oyster haven, and the other indentations between Cork Head and Kinsale Harbour, are generally unsheltered, or afford but slight accommodation. Kinsale Harbour, consisting of the estuary of tibe Bandon river, is not capacious, and has a bar across its entrance with 12 feet of water at ebb tide ; yet it is a safe and excellent port, and, but for the nearness to it of the superb harbour of Cork, could hardly fail to be extensively known to fEune. Courtmacsherry bay, Clonakilty bay, Ross Harbour, Glendore Harbour, Toe bay, and Barlog bay, betweeh the Old Hea^ of Kinsale and the peninsula at the east side of Baltimore Harbour, have aggregately great expanse, and contain some good coves and tolerable anchoring grounds, and possess great scope and value for the fisheries, yet are of only second and third rate importance for the purposes of general navigation and trafiic. Baltimore Harbour, and the large and intricate series of straits, sounds, and coves, which alternate with islands and peninsulas in the archipelago to the west of it, afford complete shelter and comparatively excellent accommodation. Skull Harbour, Ballydelvin bay, Crookhaven, and Barley cove, on the east side of the large peninsula which terminates in Mizen Head, have all considerable claims upon notice ; and Dr. Campbell has remarked upon Crookhaven in particular, that, in any other country than Ireland, or even on any coast except that of the county of Cork, it would be esteemed an admirable port. Dunmanus bay penetrates the land 16 miles north-eastward, is easily entered, and has almost everywhere deep water and good anchorage ; and though exposed across its mouth to the westerly gales, it contains some shelter from them behind some tiny headlands in its interior ; yet, in consequence of the immediate vicinity of Bantry bay, it is practically treated as of no value except for the uses of fishermen. Bantry bay penetrates the land 24 miles north-eastward, is one of the finest and most capacious harbours in Europe, contains the singularly excellent asylum of Berehaven, besides an absolute profusion of good anchoring ground, and boasts a seaboard of exquisite beauty, opulent grandeur, and most imposing power. The small bays in the near vicinity of Crow Head afford little or no shelter ; yet, the narrow sound between the peninsula which it terminates and Dursey Island, contains tolerably good anchoring ground. The Kenmare estuary penetrates the land 29 miles north-eastward to the mouth of the Ruaghty rivulet ; it has almost everywhere clean ground and deep water ; and it contains at least four good coves or harbours, — one about the middle of its north-west side, one near its head, and two near respectively the middle and the seaward end of its south-east side. The tidal current into the mouth of the Kenmare estuary has a rate of only about a mile in the hour ; but at 10 or 12 miles off the mouth, or about 4 miles west of Dursey Island, it runs southward, and has a rate in springs of 3 miles in the hour. Ballinaskelligs bay measures 4^ miles across the entrance, and has nearly a circular outline of about 4^ or 4} miles in diameter ; but it lies open to the south-west ; and, in spite of partial shelter off the mouth, affords little refuge or protection, and is remarkable chiefiy for the wild grandeur of its scenery. St. Finnan's bay, immediately north-north-west of Bolus Head, is an altogether open and iron-bound sweep of thp sea. Valentia Harbour consists in a larger sense of the whole semicircular and comparatively narrow sound between Valentia Island and the mainland, and in a smaller sense of a branch of that sound extending between the islands of Valentia and Inchbeg ; and while, in either sense, it is justly celebrated for its landlocked anchorage, the best in Kerry, it has of kite years become very favourably known in its smaller sense as a proposed terminus of railway from Dublin, and mail-packet station for communicating with New Brunswick. Dingle bay penetrates the land 22 miles east-north-eastward, and is, in a general view, open and dangerous ; yet Ventry Harbour, 5 miles from the seaward end of its ncrth side, is of easy access, and can accommodate the largest ships, but is swept by heavy squalls from the west, — ^Dingle Harbour, 8^ miles from the entrance, and on the same side of the lay, accommodates small coasting-vessels, but places them aground on soft mud at low ^'ater, — and Castkmaine Harbour, at the head of the Lay, extends 8 miles eastward, has a bar with only 9 feet of water across its mouth, is entered by a circuitous, narrow, and intricate channel, and contains well-sheltered interior anchoring ground. The sound between Dunmore Head and the Blasquet Islands is from

   Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 7

3. Cork's steam-engines and foundries

   Cork · city · Cork · 1810–1837

   Cork saw the erection of 28 steam-engines with 412 horse-power between 1810 and 1837, including eight specifically used for foundries.

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   tteam- engin;28 seems a decided indication of the quantity of increase in manufactures. We, therefore, subjoin, on the authority of an appendix to the Second Report of the Railway Commissioners, published in 1838, a statement of the date, number, and aggregate power of the steam-engines which then existed ; and we need only premise that, though a few were employed for pumping at collieries and in other situations, the vast majority were employed in direct subordination to milling and mavofacture, that the number has since very materially increased, and that the domestic manufacture of steam-engines, particularly at Dublin, has for a number of years been extensive. *" In Belfast and its neighbourhood, there were erected in 1806, one steam-engine of 20 horse-power — in 1810 two — 1812 one— 1817 one— 1824 one— 1825 three— 1826 two — 1827 one— 1830 one— 1832 two— 1833 four— 1834 three— 1835 eight— 1836 four— 1837 five— 1838 eleven. Total, 50; horsepower, 1,274. In Clonmel and Suirville : In 1829 one — 1834 one — 1837 one. Total, 3 ; horse-power, 65. In Cork : In 1815 two — 1817 two — 1818 one— 1820 three— 1823 one— 1824 one— 1825 two— 1826 one^l828 two — 1830 three— 1835 one— 1837 one— and from 1810 to 1834 eight for foundries. Total, 28; horse-power, 412. In Dublin: In 1811 one— 1812 one — 1813 one— 1815 on©— 1816 two— 1817 two — 1824 one — 1825 one— 1826 one— 1827 one — 1828 two — 1829 one— 1831 one — 1832 one— 1833 three— 1834 two— 1835 one— 1836 two— 1837 two— 1838 one. Total, 29; horsepower, 43S. In (Jalway : In 1832 one — 1834 one — 1835 one — 1836 one. Total, 4 ; horse-power, 46. In Kilkenny : In 1816 one— 1827 one— 1832 two— 1833 one— 1838 two. Total, 7 ; horsepower, J 64. In Limerick: In 1818 four— 1822 one — 1828 one — 1830 one— 1832 one— 1834 one— 1836 two— 1838 one. Total, 12 ; horse-power, 206. In Londonderry : In 1815 one— 1825 one — 1834 one — 1835 one— 1836 two — 1837 one— 1838 one. Total, 8; horse-power, 116. In Portlaw: Three engines of 300 horse-power, for cotton-factories. In Waterford : In 1817 one — 1823 one — 1825 one^l828 one— 1832 one— 1834 one— 1835 one. Total, 7 ; horse-power, 90.''

   Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 48

4. Cuilcagh Mountain limestone at Swanlinbar valley

   Cuilcagh · townland · Cavan

   At the eastern base of Cuilcagh Mountain in the valley of Swanlinbar, County Cavan, the upper limestone attains a thickness of approximately 600 feet, forming part of the carboniferous limestone series of the Lough Allen mountain district.

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   The upper or splintery limestone is of comparatively rare occurrence and limited extent ; and in < ooDsequenoe of its containing most of the same kinds of organic remains which occur in the lower limestone, it cannot always be certainly distinguished. "A country composed of the upper lime- •iooe is usually extremely rugged, and contains numerous crags and munJ precipices, which at a distance present the character of rude columnar facades ; it is usually cavernous, and the streams ftlling from higher elevations are frequently lost in fissures, and flow through subterranean channels, tin at length they burst forth from the lower strata of the series, and flow down the more gentle dadivities of the calp shale beneath them. The rock is commonly of a light smoke-grey, or bluish grey colour ; the fructure is splintery in one direction, and conchoidal in the other ; the texture is even and close-grained, — ^frequently the mass is extremely brittle, and breaks into indeterminately angular fragments ; the upper beds contain much black and grey hornstone, arranged in regular or undulating layers ; they occur also in detached elliptical masses. Strata belonging to the upper limestone are well exposed to view in the precipitous sides of the carboniferous limestone mountains of the counties of Sligo, Fermanagh, Cavan, and Leitrim. The general character of the rock is similar throughout ; every precipice presents at a distance the same semi-columnxur aspect, is of the same grey colour, breaks with the same splintery and conchoidal fracture, and abounds with the same foadl organic remains ; the lower beds consist of the same alternations of dark grey hmestone with thin beds of shale ; and the upper contain the same layers and detached masses of black and grey hornstone. The upper strata of the series are frequently associated with irregular beds of semi-crystalline brown spar rock, the exposed and disintegrated surfaces of which so much resemble ordinary grey sandstone in appearance, that this rock has frequently been mistaken for it. Thus brown spar of this kind occurs in the upper limestone, on the summit of Knocknaree mountain in the county of Sligo, in a similar position on Belmorc mountain in the county of Fermanagh, and in many other localities. In Bclmore mountain the thickness of the upper limestone amounts to &50 feet, in Benbuben it is 500 feet, and at the eastern base of Cuilcagh mountain, in the valley of Swanlinbar, in the county of Cavan, it is COO feet. Leaving the Lough Allen mountain district, the next locality in which the upper limestone occurs is in the vicinity of and surrounding the coal formation of the county of Tyrone ; commencing at Dungannon, it extends towards Stewartstown, and thence underlying the small coal field of Annahone, north of Stewartstown, it continues by Killjrmeen to Cookstown, in which neighbourhood it is covered by strata belonging to the new red sandstone. The quarries at Cookstown are remarkable for the number and variety of fossil organic remains which they contain ; and it is to be observed that almost every species and variety which occur there have likewise been discovered low down in the series of the lower limestone, particularly in the quarries in the Clane, near the Grand Canal, in the county of Kildare, and in the valley of the river Lee near the city of Cork. It is probable that the upper limestone does not occur in any of the portion of the great midland limestone district

   Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 23

5. Decline of sunfish oil in the Dublin market

   Dublin · city · Dublin

   Sunfish oil, which was formerly highly regarded in the Dublin market, became scarce in the trade due to the cessation of sunfish hunting.

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   " Exclusively of the edible fish, properly so called," say the Commissioners of the Irish Fishery Enquiry, in Oct. 1836, "Ireland possesses oyster banks which yield valuable returns, where properly fished ; and the lobster fishery would form a most lucrative branch of industry — ^but it is not efficiently worked. Lobsters exist in great plenty on various points of the coast ; yet the English markets derive their principal supplies from Norway ; while in the Irish markets, lobsters are scarce, dear, and often not to be had. The sunfish and whale are met with in the Irish seas ; the former, only a few years since, visited the north-west coast annually, in considerable numbers ; but it is stated that they are now rarely seen there ; resorting, according to the opinion of those best acquainted with the subject, to banks more distant from the coast. From this cause, and also perhaps from the inexpertness of the fishermen, and the want of proper boats to follow the business, the taking of sunfish may be said to have ceased ; and the oil formerly in high repute in the Dublin market, is, at present, scarcely to be found in the trade. To pursue the sunfish with effect, the vessels employed should, according to Dutton, be of from 80 to 100 tons burthen, with three attendant boats, manned with eight men each ; but in the evidence taken at Galway, vessels of 40 tons are stated to be sufficient. The Galway fishermen, however, search for these animals in their ordinary fishing boats ; and boats of a still smaller size have been used for the same purpose, on the coast of Mojo. It is also stated that when the Mayo fishermen took a fish or two, a large portion of the oil was lost by conveying the liver to land in a small open boat, as well as by the want of fit means on shore for extracting and saving the oil. It is, then, not unlikely, that the prevailing opinion is correct ; and that the fish are still to be found further from the shore, if due pains were taken to seek them. If this be so, (and it deserves the inquiry of interested persons,) a valuable enterprise is open to such fishermen as could proceed on an adequate scale of operations. The high price of spermaceti oil in Dublin, and the excellent quality of the sunfish oil, (especially if due care were taken to boil it while the liver is fresh and sweet,) would insure a brisk and steady sale for the article. A similar complaint of this disappearance of fish from their accustomed haunts, is made with respect to the herring ; the shoals being said to have left, wholly or partially, several places where heretofore they were abundant. The herring is a fish of rather uncertain movements. It is known to have deserted, for a time, bays where it has for seasons abounded ; and then, again to re-appear in large quantities. No cause worthy of confidence has been assigned for the fact ; the whole history, indeed, of the migrations of the herring having hitherto been involved in obscurity. It is an opinion daily gaining ground among naturalists, and may nearly be taken as established, that the imputed annual movement of the shoals from north to south, is an error ; and that the herrings, and all (so called) migratory fish, merely leave the deep waters, and approach the shores for the purpose of spawning. This latter opinion rests on a strong analogy with the known habits of salmon in that particular ; also on the certainty that herrings are taken on some or other parts of our coasts, at all times of the year ; and it is strengthened by the remarkable fact, that the remains of the herring are not found in the stomach of those whales which are killed in high latitudes ; though they are in that of the species which are found on our own coast. While the grand facts are thus in dispute, it seems vain to attempt an explanation of the more partial and irregular phenomena. Fishermen, however, are apt to complain of the shoals being less abundant on thdr stations than formerly. But though certain bays may be thus partially affected, the herring is

   Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 60

6. Disfranchisement of Boyle Borough

   Boyle · town · Roscommon · 1800

   The borough of Boyle was disfranchised at the Legislative Union. Robert Earl of Erris, as executor for the late Earl of Kingstown, received £16,000 in compensation.

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   6?(>^A7Z4il*i?/y— Richard Earl of Shannon, j£l5,000. C<utlemarti/r—BichQxd Earl of Shannon, .£16,000. CAarifvilU—'Bichsiid Earl of Shannon, £7,500 ; Edmund Earl of Cork, £7,500. Naccadle — The Portreeve and Burgesses of the Borough of Newcastle, and the Right Hon. Dayid Latouche, £15,000. ^a/Zi/wX-i^— Charles Marquis of Drogheda, £15,000. St. Johnstcirn, in tAs couiUy of Longford — The Right Hon. George Earl of Granard, £15,000. Mvlling<ir — George EarL of Granard, £15,000. Harristowii — ^The Sovereign Burgesses and Freemen of Harristown, and John Latouche, Esq., £15,000. Boyle — Robert Earl of Erris, Executor of Robert late Earl of Kiugstown, £16,000. Longford — Thoma* Earl of Longford, £16,000. AugherSoYm James

   IKTRODUCTIOK. CXXl

   Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 83

7. Disfranchisement of Longford Borough

   Longford · town · Longford · 1800

   The borough of Longford was disfranchised at the Legislative Union. Thomas Earl of Longford was awarded £16,000 in compensation.

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   6?(>^A7Z4il*i?/y— Richard Earl of Shannon, j£l5,000. C<utlemarti/r—BichQxd Earl of Shannon, .£16,000. CAarifvilU—'Bichsiid Earl of Shannon, £7,500 ; Edmund Earl of Cork, £7,500. Naccadle — The Portreeve and Burgesses of the Borough of Newcastle, and the Right Hon. Dayid Latouche, £15,000. ^a/Zi/wX-i^— Charles Marquis of Drogheda, £15,000. St. Johnstcirn, in tAs couiUy of Longford — The Right Hon. George Earl of Granard, £15,000. Mvlling<ir — George EarL of Granard, £15,000. Harristowii — ^The Sovereign Burgesses and Freemen of Harristown, and John Latouche, Esq., £15,000. Boyle — Robert Earl of Erris, Executor of Robert late Earl of Kiugstown, £16,000. Longford — Thoma* Earl of Longford, £16,000. AugherSoYm James

   IKTRODUCTIOK. CXXl

   Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 83

8. Disfranchisement of Newcastle Borough

   Newcastle · town · Limerick · 1800

   The borough of Newcastle was disfranchised at the Legislative Union. The Portreeve, burgesses, and David Latouche received £15,000 in compensation.

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   6?(>^A7Z4il*i?/y— Richard Earl of Shannon, j£l5,000. C<utlemarti/r—BichQxd Earl of Shannon, .£16,000. CAarifvilU—'Bichsiid Earl of Shannon, £7,500 ; Edmund Earl of Cork, £7,500. Naccadle — The Portreeve and Burgesses of the Borough of Newcastle, and the Right Hon. Dayid Latouche, £15,000. ^a/Zi/wX-i^— Charles Marquis of Drogheda, £15,000. St. Johnstcirn, in tAs couiUy of Longford — The Right Hon. George Earl of Granard, £15,000. Mvlling<ir — George EarL of Granard, £15,000. Harristowii — ^The Sovereign Burgesses and Freemen of Harristown, and John Latouche, Esq., £15,000. Boyle — Robert Earl of Erris, Executor of Robert late Earl of Kiugstown, £16,000. Longford — Thoma* Earl of Longford, £16,000. AugherSoYm James

   IKTRODUCTIOK. CXXl

   Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 83

9. Dublin and Drogheda railway expected to open in May 1844

   Drogheda · town · Louth · 1844

   The Dublin and Drogheda railway, measuring 30 miles in length, was in a state of forwardness. It was expected to be opened to passengers in May.

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   None of the various extensive lines of railway projected by the public commissioners, summarilj noticed in our articles on Dublin and Leinster, and often referred to in the body of our work, have yet been constructed ; nor have the greater part of lines surveyed by other parties, and referred to in our articles on Leinster and several of the large towns, been yet undertaken. The only complete line in Ireland at the commencement of 1844 was the Dublin and Kingstown railway, 6^ miles in length, and then quite recently extended to Dalkey by an atmospheric railway 1| mile in length. The Ulster railway, from BelfJEist to Armagh, was open for passengers and goods to Portadown, 28 miles ; and the Dublin and Drogheda rsdlway, 30 miles in length, was in such a state of forwardness that it was expected to be opened in the month of May.

   Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 66

10. Dublin's domestic manufacture of steam-engines

    Dublin · city · Dublin · 1811–1838

    Dublin had 29 steam-engines with 438 horse-power erected between 1811 and 1838. The city was also noted for its extensive domestic manufacture of steam-engines over a number of years.

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    tteam- engin;28 seems a decided indication of the quantity of increase in manufactures. We, therefore, subjoin, on the authority of an appendix to the Second Report of the Railway Commissioners, published in 1838, a statement of the date, number, and aggregate power of the steam-engines which then existed ; and we need only premise that, though a few were employed for pumping at collieries and in other situations, the vast majority were employed in direct subordination to milling and mavofacture, that the number has since very materially increased, and that the domestic manufacture of steam-engines, particularly at Dublin, has for a number of years been extensive. *" In Belfast and its neighbourhood, there were erected in 1806, one steam-engine of 20 horse-power — in 1810 two — 1812 one— 1817 one— 1824 one— 1825 three— 1826 two — 1827 one— 1830 one— 1832 two— 1833 four— 1834 three— 1835 eight— 1836 four— 1837 five— 1838 eleven. Total, 50; horsepower, 1,274. In Clonmel and Suirville : In 1829 one — 1834 one — 1837 one. Total, 3 ; horse-power, 65. In Cork : In 1815 two — 1817 two — 1818 one— 1820 three— 1823 one— 1824 one— 1825 two— 1826 one^l828 two — 1830 three— 1835 one— 1837 one— and from 1810 to 1834 eight for foundries. Total, 28; horse-power, 412. In Dublin: In 1811 one— 1812 one — 1813 one— 1815 on©— 1816 two— 1817 two — 1824 one — 1825 one— 1826 one— 1827 one — 1828 two — 1829 one— 1831 one — 1832 one— 1833 three— 1834 two— 1835 one— 1836 two— 1837 two— 1838 one. Total, 29; horsepower, 43S. In (Jalway : In 1832 one — 1834 one — 1835 one — 1836 one. Total, 4 ; horse-power, 46. In Kilkenny : In 1816 one— 1827 one— 1832 two— 1833 one— 1838 two. Total, 7 ; horsepower, J 64. In Limerick: In 1818 four— 1822 one — 1828 one — 1830 one— 1832 one— 1834 one— 1836 two— 1838 one. Total, 12 ; horse-power, 206. In Londonderry : In 1815 one— 1825 one — 1834 one — 1835 one— 1836 two — 1837 one— 1838 one. Total, 8; horse-power, 116. In Portlaw: Three engines of 300 horse-power, for cotton-factories. In Waterford : In 1817 one — 1823 one — 1825 one^l828 one— 1832 one— 1834 one— 1835 one. Total, 7 ; horse-power, 90.''

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 48

11. Farm sizes in County Down

    near Down · parish · Down

    According to Mr. Dubordieu, farms in County Down range from 20 to 40, 50, and in some instances up to 100 acres. This reflects a broader trend of diminishing farm sizes across Ireland in the modern period.

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    Though estates throughout Ireland are, on the average, larger than in England, farms of all kinds, but especially those which are entirely arable, are very much smaller. Farms of inconsiderable size seem, in all modem periods, to have existed in every part of the kingdom, particukriy in the north ; but ever since the close of the American war, they have been rapid Ij increasing in number, and dwindling down to littleness in extent. "Farms," says lilr. Newenham, "appear to have been diminishing in Ireland for many years past. Large fanns of from 500 to 1,500 and 2,0iX> acres once so common in Ireland, hold actually no sort of proportion to farms of from 10 to 30 or 40 acres. In the county of Down, Mr. Dubordieu says that farms run from 20 to 40, 50, and

    Ixvi

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog

12. Fine ruins of Lislaughtin Abbey near Ballylongford

    Ballylongford · town · Kerry

    About 80 chains below the town of Ballylongford, on the right bank of the river, stand the fine ruins of Lislaughtin Abbey, along with the small port of Saleen. The town serves as a place of direct shipment for neighbouring produce, with corn shipped in small craft for Limerick.

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    BALLYLONGFORD. a town in the parish of j Aghavaliah, baronv of Iraghtioonnor, co. Kerry, I Munster. It stands on the Ballylongford rivulet, 1| mile from the Shannon; and on the road from I Limerick to Tralee, by way of Tarbert and Lis- \ towel, 4 miles west-south-west of Tarbert, and 128 south-west by west of Dublin. A gorge in the | road toward Tarbert bears the name of Ballylong- , ford Pass. The town stands on both sides of its cognominal rivulet, but chiefly on the right bank; , and there consists principally of one street, running j p:irullel with the river, and one going oflf from the ■ former at right angles. About 80 chains below it, ' and on the right bank of the river, are the fine ruins ! of Lislaghtin Abbev, and the small port of Salecn. ' The town, though hitherto poor and of unattractive aspect, possesses some importance as a place of ' direct shipment for the produce of the neighbouring • <Iistrict. A small quay was long ago erected at Saleen, but is in a bad situation, and not sufficiently | rommodious for the present traffic, and, in fact, has , (let*riorat^»d into a small wooden projection, at which only one vessel at a time can load. A new j wharf, projected by the Commissioners for the Im- ! provement of the Shannon Navigation, will be situated further down the river, parallel to the direction of the current, and free from liability to be encumbered at its base with silt. It is to be a work of masonry 300 feet long, ashlar on the face and rubble in the wing walls, and rendered capable of f a-iy subsequent extension ; and the bed of the river i4 to be partly excavated to enable vessels to approach earlier and lie longer afloat. Estimated cost, X 1,8.39. A considerable quantity of corn is shipped in small craft for Limerick, and the trade is increasing. But owing to the bar at the river's mouth, and the very winding course of the channel, vessels encounter the serious inconvenience of being able to enter the creek only at high water. A dispensary in the town is within the Listowel Poor-law union, and has a district containing 6,668 inhabitants ; and, in 1839-40, it received £68 4s. 6d., expended i.68 2s. 4d., and administered to 963 patients. Ballvlongtbrd gives name to a Roman Catholic parish m the dio. of Kerry. See Aohavallah. Area of the town, 55 acres. Pop., in 1831, 1,300; in 1841, 1,143. Houses 210.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 152

13. Fish-curing trade at Galway and Killybegs

    Galway · city · Galway

    Fish-curers conducted a significant trade at Galway and Killybegs. In contrast, at most other places along the coast between the Shannon and Malin Head, fishermen relied primarily on the herring fishery and sold their catch to travelling traders.

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    occasional, and inefficient means of prosecuting fishing. Fish-curers drive a considerable trade at Galway and Killybegs ; but at most other places between the Shannon and Malin Head, the fishermen rely principally or wholly on the herring fishery, and dispose of most of their produce to travelling traders who visit the several fishing harbours. From Malin Head to Bel&st Lough, the fishermen are much more regularly employed, and find a ready sale for their produce either at home or in the markets of Glasgow and Liverpool. From Belfast Lough to Carlingford Lough, the trade of fishing, except for herrings, is regularly followed at only two or three places, and, in consequence of the superior remuneration of agricultural labour, is generally regarded with indifference. From Carlingford to Wexford, fish are alleged by fishermen to be scarce ; and from Dublin to Wexford, little fishing is carried on for the supply of the Dublin market. It is confidently asserted that a diminution of the fisheries in this great district '^ amounts to three-fourths of the quantity taken at a period not many years distant. This failure in productiveness is attributed to an over fishing, and to a destruction of spawn, — ^both imputed to the troUers." At Waterford, the fishing resource has long been believed to be abundant ; and the famous nymph bank is asserted to yield white fish in inexhaustible quantity. From Waterford, round the entire south coast, and northward to the Shannon, a recent decline in the productiveness of the fisheries, amounting now to an absolute scarcity of fish, is matter of constant local complaint ; but this scarcity seems to exist only in the bay and in-shore fisheries, to which the operations of the fishermen, owing to their poverty and insufficient gear, are chiefly confined.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 60

14. Franciscan friary of Minorites

    near Armagh · town · Armagh · 1263–1291

    A Franciscan friary of Minorites was founded in Armagh in 1263 or 1264 by Patrick O'Scanlain, Archbishop of Armagh. According to Allemande, it may have been founded in 1291 by O'Donnel.

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    been founded in Armagh by St. Patrick; and a monastery, which affected to be identified with it, afterwards figured as a celebrated Augustinian friary, dedicated to St. Peter and St. Paul. A religious establishment, founded in 610, and ascribed to St. Columba, was nearly destroyed by fire in 670 and 687, and was frequently desolated of its inmates, and plundered of its books, records, and treasures, by the Danes. A Franciscan friary of Minorites was founded in 1263 or 1264, by Patrick O'Scanlain, Archbishop of Armagh, or, according to Allemande, in 1291 by O'Donnel. A Dominican friary is said also to have existed in the dty ; but when, or how long, seems not recorded. Two nunneries, the one called the Church of St. Bridget, and the other called TeampuU-na-feartagh or * the Church of Miracles,' absurdly claim, like the Augustinian friary, to have been founded bv St Patrick. Pretension, in the total absence oi authentic information, even soars so high as to affirm that the Church of Miracles was erected for the use of St. Lupita, the eldest sister of St. Patrick ; that the saintess was interred within its walls; and that her body was identical with one discovered about 140 years ago, inhumed erect between two crosses, deep beneath the rubbish of the nunnery's ruins. In 1612, the Augustinian friary and its possessions were granted to Sir Toby Caulfield, for the nominal rent of £5 Irish ; and, in 1618, the two nunneries were given to Frauds Annesley, Esq. A writer in the Dublin Penny Journal says, '* In our memory, the last fragments of the Culdean buildings," the establishment of St. Columba, ** were pulled down, and the habitable part of the Augustinian monastery, dedicated to St. Peter and St. Paul, was levelled to the earth." The remuns of one of the other monasteries, situated within the primate's demesne, were very extensive about the middle of last century, but have been reduced to some tolerably preserved arches and intervening pieces of walL

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 135

15. Island Magee's dependence on Carrickfergus Castle

    near Island Magee · parish · Antrim

    Island Magee was historically subordinate to the territory of North Claneboy and militarily dependent on Carrickfergus Castle. The rest of former Dalriada was called the Route.

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    Divisions.^ — By far the greater part of Antrim, from the north coast southward, formed for a series of centuries the ancient kingdom of Dalriada ; while the southern border of the county was probably in alternate possession of the Dalriadans and their neighbours of Down. At a subsequent period, the territory from Belfast Lough and the Lagan, westward to Lough Neagh, was called North Claneboy in contradistinction to South Claneboy in Down; a part of this territory, won by the Scots of the clan Macdonnell, was called Bryan Currough's country ; the territory from Olderfleet or Lame, northward to near Ballycastle. and westward to the mountains, was called the Glynnes, from the ravine or narrow valley character of the ground ; Island Magee was subordinate to Claneboy, and dependent on the castle of Carrickfergus ; and all the rest of the country, the reduced and successional territory of Dalriada. was called the Route, and occasionally, in Elizabeth's reign, MacSorley Boy's country. An arrangement into baronies was made by Sir John Perrot in 1584. but was not, for a considerable time, completely acknowledged or rendered practical ; and it has since been so modified that even a comparatively modern list of baronies does not quite correspond with the present distribution. The division according to which all taxes upon the county are now apportioned, consists of the county of the town of Carrickfergus, and the 14 baronies of Lower Antrim, Upper Antrim, Lower Belfast, Upper Belfiast. Carey, Lower Dunluce, Upper Dunluce, Lower Glenarm, Upper Glenarm, Kilconway, Lower Maasarene. Upper Massarene, Lower Toome, and Upper Toome. 'Tonaghs were a division sometime in use ; they have been supposed to correspond to baronies, but were in reality much smaller ; and though they partly survive in name, and may be vaguely traced within ill-defined localities, they have long ceased to be recognised by either law or topography, dnament, another antiquated denomination, seems to have corresponded with the Scotch sense of the word barony, designating the estate or territorial

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 118

16. Mount Brandon's sea-washed summit

    Brandon Mountain · mountain or mountain range · Kerry

    The coast from Cape Sybil to Brandon Head exhibits surpassing wildness and loftiness. A chief feature is the sea-washed mountain of Brandon, whose summit soars to 3,126 feet above sea-level.

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    line of the andulftting shore ; a line from the west side of the entrance of Kinsale Harbour to the Old Head of Kinsale, at the termination of a narrow and comparatively long peninsula, extends ■oath by westward, measures 6^ miles, and places the east coast of the peninsula, with its small headlanda, ai the mean distance of about three-fourthi of a mile to the west ; a line from the Old Head of Kinsale to the Seven Heads extends westnsouth-westward, measures 8{ miles, and passes across the entrance of Courtmacsherry bay, placing Kinahemsey Point, Barry Point, and other small headlands within the bay to the north-west ; a line from the Seven Heads to Gaily Head extends wett-south- westward, measures 9^ miles, and passes across the entrance of Clonakilty bay ; a line from Gaily Head to Toe Head extends west-south-westward, measures 12^ miles, and passes across the entrance of the large exterior bay whose ramifications, or interior parts, constitute the bays of Boss, Glandore, and Castlehaven ; a line frt>m Toe Head to the east side of the entrance of Baltimore Harbour extends in the direction of west by south, measures 6^ miles, and is partly coincident with the shore, but chiefly passes across the entrance of the twin bays of Toe and Barlog ; and a line from the east side of the entrance of Baltimore Harbour to Mizen Head at the south-west extremity of the mainland, extends in the direction of half a point south of west, measures 19^ miles, passes through the middle of Innisherkin, places the centre of Cape Clear Island 2^ miles to the south, places to the north the intricate archipelago terminating in Roaring- Water bay, and coincides over only a mile or two with either the shore itself or its immediate vicinity. The whole coast from Cork Harbour to Baltimore is exceedingly diversified, abounds in pleasant and brilliant scenery, and, in a general view, presents a bluff breastwork to the sea, has soft and gentle shores in the upper parts of its bays or other recesses, and terminates a seaboard of prevailingly undulating and tumulated sarhce. The coast westward of Baltimore, or rather on the west flank of the archipelago terminating in Roaring- Water bay, consists of the steep hce of lofty declivities, overlooked by the mountain-summits of Knockmadden and Mount- Gabriel, at the altitude of respectively 1,029 and 1,335 feet above sea-level ; and even Mizen Head itself exhibits the rapid dive into the sea of a hill whose summit has an altitude of 759 feet. A straight line frt>m Mizen Head to Sheep^s Head extends in the direction of north by west, measures 6^ miles, and nearly coincides with the shore to Three Castle Head, and then passes across the entrance of Dunmanus bay -, a line from Sheep's Head to BlackbuU Head extends west-northwestward, measures 8} miles, and passes across the entrance of Bantry bay ; a line from BlackbuU Head to Crow Head extends westward, measures 5} miles, and places the shore at the mean distance of about three-fourths of a mile to the north ; a line from Crow Head to Lamb Head extends in the direction of north by east half east, measures 11 miles, traverses a small part of Dursey Island, nearly coincides with Garrinish Point, places Cod's Head 1^ mile to the east, and then passes across the entrance of the Kenmare estiuury ; and a line from Lamb Head to Bolus Head extends west-north-westward, measures 9^ miles, places the shore to Hogg Head at the mean distance of 1} mile to the north, and then passes across the entrance of BallinaskeUigs bay. The shore and the seaboard, over all the distance frt>m Mizen Head to Bolus Head, even including by fiur the greater portion of the iar-extending inroads of the sea, are lofty, rugged, and impressive, affording shelter frx>m the winds chiefly or almost only among curves of cliffs and between spurs of mountains ; and Bolus Head itself lifts its summit to the altitude of no less than 1,351 feet above 8ea4eveL The coast from Bolus Head to Bray Head, at the western extremity of Yalentia Island, prevailingly trends north-north-westward, is defined by a straight line of 7 j miles in extent, bat Hfis to the east of that line at the mean distance of about a mile ; and it maintains the same diaracter as the coast south-east of Bolus Head, and is immediately overhung by the summits of KnockagaUsky, Lateeve Hill, Coraghmore, and Corraghbeg. Yalentia Island lies so compactly with the mainland, and in a general view so much and curvingly within the mainland's prevailing coast-Hne, that it cannot be very easily treated as possessing an insular situation. Straight lines from Bray Head to Mount-Ea^e, from Bray Head to Doulas Head, and from Doulas Head to Monni-Eag^e, measure and extend respectively 14 miles north by half-westward, 6} miles northeastward, and 11^ miles north-north-westward ; and both the first and the third of them may be regarded as passing across the entrance of Dingle bay. The south-west base or epur of Mount-Eagle^ Ibrming the real screen of the north side of the entrance of Dingle bay, is situated 1^ mile southcast of Dnnmore Head, the reputed screen ; and a straight line from the latter to Cape Sybil extends northward, measures 5 miles, and is nearly coincident with the bold and mountain-laden shore. The coast from Cape Sybil to Brandon Head trends north-eastward, measures 15^ miles, is marked by Dunoorlin and Ballydavid Heads and indented with Smerwick Harbour, and exhibits surpassing wildness and loftiness on its immediate seaboard, a chief and fetr-spreading feature being the sea-washed mountain of Brandon, whose summit soars to the altitude of 3,126 feet above sea-leveL A straight line from Brandon Head to Kerry Head extends north-eastward, measures 12} miles, 1 1^ mile to the north-west of the termination of the low flat peninsula between Brandon bt/

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 3

17. Mount Shannon, Grannebrue and Amigan castles near Adare

    Adare · townland · Limerick

    Near Adare stand Mount Shannon, the seat of the Earl of Clare, the ruin of Grannebrue-castle two miles south-west of the town, and Amigan-castle farther on. These are noted as additional objects of interest in the vicinity of the parish and town.

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    a municipal character, or any of that importance which looks out from an ancient date through the windows and vistas of its architectural ruins. A charter 4^ Edward II., dated the lOth of July, 1310, grants murage to " the bailiffs and good men*' of Adare; and another, 5P Edward IIL, dated 20th Feb., 1376, grants to ** the provost and commonalty" of Adare, exemptions from subsidies, &c., till their town should be rebuilt; but these are the only municipal documents which can now be traced, and they have, for a very long period, been in abeyance. Additional to the objects of interest noticed in connection with the parish and the town, are. mount Shannon, the seat of the earl of Clare, in the vicinity, the ruin of Grannebrue-castle, 2 miles southwest of the town, and Amigan-castle farther on. Area of the town, 30 acres. Pop., in 1831, 766; in 1841, 1,095. Houses 140.

    ADAR (The), a rivulet of the basin of the Moy, and in the barony of Gallen, co. Mavo, Connaught.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 112

18. Mourne mountains soar sheer from the sea near Newcastle

    near Slieve Donard · mountain or mountain range · Down

    North of Mullartown Point, the coast soars sheer from the water's edge to the cloud-cleaving summits of Slieve Donard, Slieve Binnian, and Slieve Nagiogle, respectively 2,796, 2,449, and 1,450 feet above sea-level.

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    Kout Head, at the south side of the entrance of Belfast Lough, i« situated 7^ miles south-oast bj south of Black Head ; and is a headland remarkable only for screening the Lough, and confronting the Copeland Islands. The coast thence to the point opposite Burial Island, in the southern vicinitj of Ballyhalbert, trends south-south-eastward, measures 14^ miles, and is marked by numerous tiny headlands, the chief of which are Foreland Point and Ballyferis Point. The coast, from the vicinity of Ballyhalbert to Ballyquintin at the north-east side of the entrance of Lough Strangford, trends south by westward, measures 11^ miles, and is marked by Slanes Point, Black Neb, and several other small headlands. Killard Point, at the south-west side of the entrance of Lough 8trangford, is the termination of a tiny peninsula, and lies 1^ mile southsouth-west of Ballyquintin Point ; and the coast thence to St. John's Point, at the east side of the entrance of Dundnim bay, trends south-south-westward, measures 8^ miles, and is marked by Phennick Point and some other small abutments. The whole line of coast within these three stretches, or from Nout Head to St. John's Point, is low and prevailingly rocky, fringed and guarded with rocky islets and skerries, constantly sinuous yet nowhere considerably undulated, and overlooked by no loftier summits than two of respectively 339 and 414 feet, and even these situated about 4 miles distant in the interior. A line drawn from St. John's Point to the west side of the entrance of Dundnim bay, in the southern vicinity of the village of Newcastle, extends west-south-westward, measures 9^ miles, and cuts off to the north a shallow sweep of marine water, screened with various but generally low and sandy shores. The coast, from the southern vicinity of Newcastle to Mullartown Point, trends southward and measures 6j^ miles ; and, from Mullartown Point to Oranfield Point, at the north-east side of the entrance of Lough Oarlingford, it trends south-westward, and measures 10| miles. Over the whole of these two distances, its outline consists very nearly of straight lines, being broken only by the small headland of Leestone midway between Mullartown and Oranfield ; over the distance north of Mullartown, it soars sheer and sternly up from the water's edge to the cloud-cleaving summits of Slieve-Donard, Slieve-Bingan, and Slieve Nagiogle, respectively 2,796, 2,449, and 1,450 feet above sea-level ; and over the distance south-west of Mullartown, it boasts a small and widening belt of beautiful low ground, yet is overhung immediately behind by a contimuation of the frontier masses of the Moume mountains, rising from 1,013 to 1,868 feet above sea-leveL Bellagan Point, at the touth-west side of the entrance of Lough Carlingford, is situated 2^ miles south-west of Cranfield Point ; Cooley Point, at the north side of the entrance of Dundalk bay, 2 miles south-webt of Bellagan Point ; and Dunany Point, at the south side of the entrance of Dundalk lay, 9^ miles Rmtb-fo>ith-re8t of Cooley Point. The ground between the entrance of Lough Carlingford and Ihindalk bay, forms the termination of the great peninsula of Carlingford, eventually low and charmcterlees, but interiorly grand and soaring ; and the shore around the whole sweep of Dundalk bay is low and level, and glides off into a very broad sheet of sandy beach. The coast, from Dunany Point to the boundary between the counties of Meath and Dublin, trends nearly south, or half a point to the east of south ; and, except where briefly and rather feebly interrupted by Clogher Head, whose summit has an altitude of 181 feet, it is almost uniformly a straight line of sandy beach and low shore. From a small headland 1^ mile east by south of the division-line between the counties of Meath and Dublin to Rush Point, 2^ miles north-west of Lambay Island, the coast prevailingly trends south-east by south, yet makes a small sweep seaward in the vicinity of Skerries ; and over this distance— extending 9 miles in a straight line — ^it is all comparatively low, yet presents to the billows a general breastwork of bluff rock. From Rush Point to the istluniM of Howth, the coast trends southward, continues low, and is dentated and dissevered bj small estuaries ; and from the isthmus of Howth, 3i miles south-eastward, the peninsula of Howth picturesquely screens the north side of the lower part of Dublin bay, climbing to the summit of the Hill of Howth 563 feet above sea-level, and terminating in the steep escarpments and grand sea-bulwarks of Howth Head.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 3

19. Paper-making introduced at Dunmurry

    near Dunmurry · townland · Antrim

    Paper-making was established at Dunmurry by a person named M'Manus. In a short time, the industry expanded to different places operating 10 mills.

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    Some employ journeymen, and others let a loom or two to poorer fellow-weavers. But nearly all earn smaller profits than the cultivator of the soil ; and not a few are forced by necessity, or induced by economy, io combine, on an exceedingly humble scale, the occupations of the manufacturer and the farmer. But, lor a view of the bulky parts of the linen manufacture, as well as of kindred productive pursuits, see the articles on the larger towns, particularly the article on Belfast. The cotton manufu:ture was projected at Belfast, in 1777, by Messrs. Joy & M'Cabe ; it has been doubled in extent since 1800 ; it now employs from 25,000 to 27,000 persona in the district along Belfast Lough and the Lagan ; and it has been regarded as a chief means of the assimilation of that district in competency and comfort to the manufacturing sections of England and Scotland. The manufacture of canvas was introduced to Belfast in 1784; rope-making, about 32 years earlier; paper-making, at Dunmurry, by a person of^ the name of M'Manus, and, in a short time, at different places in 10 mills ; blanket-making, at Larobeg, by the Wolfenden family, who settled in Ireland about 250 years ago ; and the manu&cture of sulphuric acid, near Lisbum, by Mr. Gregg of Belfast. Stockings and coarse woollen cloth are very ^nerally woven throughout the county; silk- weaving employs about 20 persons; soap and candles have been bulkily produced for exportation ; leather waSf at one time, manufactured in almost every town ; the casting of iron makes some figure in Belfast: a manufactory for turning and fluting iron was established about 40 years ago near Lit* bum ; potteries, for coarser wares, at Lambeg, at Ballycastle, and near the Maze; ship-building has been considerably cariied on at Belfast ; and saddlery, scythe-stones, and various articles for home use, compose a large and diffusive miscellaneous manufacture.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 117

20. Patronage of Armagh fever hospitals

    near Armagh · town · Armagh · 1839

    Fever hospitals in County Armagh were supported by private aristocratic patronage, with the Primate funding the main hospitals and Lord Middleton funding one in the west of the county.

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    •abeeripiionB, coanty grants, and a portion of the fines imposed at petty-sessions. In 1832 and 1833, the mean annual amount of subscriptions to them was £25,448 ; and, in 1839, it was £34,604. la 1888 Mid 1833, the mean annual amount of oonnty grants to them was £25,016 ; and, in 1839, it WM i^34,060. Many of the dispensaries keep a fuH registration of patients ; but others register naitj the number of dispensations of medicine. The dispensaries are usually managed by sub- •oritars of one guinea or upwards, or by five or more of these elected by the others. In 1832 aad 1833, the arerage number of dispensary cases is reported at 1,139,150, and in 1836-1838, at 1,210,143 : but, in consequence of the imperfect state of the registration, these totals must greatly exceed the actual number ef patients. In 1839, there was, in the county of Meath, one dispensary to a population of 6,545 ; in co. Dublin, to 6,286; in co. Kildare, to 7,228 ; in co. Down, to 23,468 ; in co. Longford, to 22,511 ; in co. Leitrira, to 20,218 ; and in co. Sligo, to 19,176. In the other counties, the proportion varied between these extremes ; and throughout Ireland, the mean average was one dispensary to 13,520. The difference among counties, however, wa6 even lesa than the difference among districts of the same county. In co. Down, for example, the Eilkeel di^>en8ary afforded relief to 4 per cent, of the population, and the Donaghadee one to 4^ per cent, while the Seaford one afforded it to 35 per cent. ; and in co. Armagh, the Bellatram dispen^ sary afforded relief to 4 per cent, of the population, and the Seagoe one to 9^ per cent., while the Fortadown and the Forkhill dispensaries afforded it to respectively 44 and 50 per cent. At MoBalea, in oo. Wettmeath, the surgeon*s salary was equal to lO^d. p2r head on the population of tke district; at Ballinaoary, is the same county, to l§d. ; at Durrow, in the Abbeyleix Poor-law union, to 8|d. ; and at MountmeUick, to l^d. At Kilkeel in co. Down, the average cost of medidue was 2s. 5d. per every patient relieved ; at Castlewellan, it was 3|d. ; at Enfield, in co. Heath, it was 8d. ; and at Trim, in the immediate vicinity of Enfield, it was l|d.— About 12 of the fever hospitals of Ireland are county institutions, entirely supported by county grants, — the ma^rimum of which is fixed at £500 per annum ; but the remainder are district institutions like the dispensaries, and intended for one or more parishes, or for baronies or half-baronies. *^ The county authorities are empowered to present any sum not exceeding double the amount of the subscriptions obtained within the year, or since the last presentment. This maximum amount is in some counties freely granted ; but in others a much smaller sum is invariably presented. The Doblin fever hospitals are supported in a different manner from those in different parts of the country : that in Ck)rk-street is maintained by a large annual parliamentary grant with the ad* diiion ef some subscription ; the Hardwick fever hospital, and the fever wards of the Meath hoifital, are supported entirely by the former means. The funds for a few of the fever hospitals ace fupplied entirely by private individuals : thus the Primate supports the Armagh fever hospitals, and Lord Middleton one in the western part of the same county. A large annual donation fimn the Marquis of Hertford, added to a vohintary assessment on his property in the county of AsCrim, constitutes the means of supporting that at Lisburn. The governors of fever hospitals obtain advances from government through the intervention of the General Board of Health for Xreland, where a local board of health is formed in the vicinity of such hospitals. In other initanres these local boards of health disburse the whole of the funds obtained from government, wbikt the governors of the fever hospital support in the usual manner. In either case the famdM advanced by government are repaid by an assessment upon the county at large." In 1833, the fever hospitals amounted to 70, and were supported or aided with .£13,268 from county grants, mad £7,543 from subscription ; and, in 183D, they amounted to 90, and were supported or aided with £22,072 15s. 2d. from county grants, and £7,168 Ds. 8W. from subscription. The fever hospitals are usually managed by a corporation, or by a committee of subscribers ; they generally keep an accurate registration of patients ; and they usually admit cases of contagious disease cither from aU parts of a county on the recommendation of a magistrate, a governor, or a suhscriber, or frx>m all parts of a district on the order of a subscriber, — though some admit cases upon the mere application of the patients or their friends. — Infirmaries are intended for patients icsding in any part of their respective counties or cities ; and they afford relief to them under the classification of intern and extern. Severe casualties and all serious surgical and medical cases, not affected with supposed incurable or contagious diseases, are admissable as interns ; those of a ha serious nature are attended as extems, — that is, they are prescribed for, and obtain medicine tt the surgery. No domiciliary attendance on the extems is expected of the surgeon, even in t'/wns which have no dispensary. The funds for the eupport of the infirmaries are obtained from cjunty presentments, government grants, petty-sessions fines, and private subscriptions and donations. A grand jury, previous to 1836, could not grant more to an infirmary than £600 per uuuun ; but since that date, it may grant £1,400 for the institution itself, and £100 Irish for its surgeon's salary. In 1830, the number of infirmaries was 31) ; and, in 1833, they received £16,946 frwn county grants, and £4,500 from subscriptions and donations, — in 1830, £25,362 4s. 7d. from

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 95

21. Peculiar episcopal power of the warden of Galway

    Galway · city · Galway

    The warden of Galway exercised a power closely resembling that of a bishop within the parishes of the wardenship of Galway. This formed part of a wider set of peculiar ecclesiastical jurisdictions in Ireland.

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    The ettahliihed church of Ireland is Protestant Episcopalian, dosd/ modelled upon the Angiicany and to intimatelj connected with it that the two are often styled the United Church of England •od Ireland. The original episcopacy of Ireland comprised a very large though unascertained anmber of bishopricB ; it afterwards became, for many centuries, reduced to 32 ; and it eventually sofTered a consolidation of these 32, first into 22, and next into 12. All the thirty-two dioceses stiU continue distinct in statistics ; all have a separate constitution and separate officers ; and the Barnes of all are as ftilly retained in topography as if each had still its own bishop. Four of the thirty-two, down to the period of the last and recent consolidation, were archbishoprics, — Armagh, Dublin, Cashel, and Tuam ; and the occupants of them were entitled respectively the Primate and Metropolitan of all Ireland, the Primate and Metropolitan of Ireland, the Primate and Metropolitan of Munster, and the Primate and Metropolitan of Connaught. The sees suffiragan to Armagh were Dromore, Down, Connor, Derry, Raphoe, Clogher, Kilmore, Ardagh, and Meath ; those suffragan to Dublin were Kildare, Ossory, Ferns, and Leighlin ; those suffragan to Cashel were Bmly, Waterford, Lismore, Cork, Boss, Cloyne, Limerick, Ardfert, Killaloe, and Kilfenora ; and thoae suffragan to Tuam were Clonfert, Kilmacduagh, Elphin, Killalla, and Achonry. The ten tnioni of sees which reduced the number of bishops to 22, and for a long period limited the hierarchy to that number, were Connor with Down, Ardagh with Tuam, Leighlin with Ferns, £mly with Cashel, Lismore with Waterford, Ross with Cork, Ardfert with Limerick, Kilfenora with Killaloe, Kilmacduagh with Clonfert, and Achonry with Killalla. Three other consolidated dioceses survive more or less in name, and in some remnant of their chapters, but have lost their distinctive limits and statistics; and these are Glendalough united to Dublin, Clonmacnoise united to Meath, and Aghadoe united to Ardfert. The Church Temporalities Act of 1833 reduced the archbishoprics of Cashel and Armagh to the rank of bishoprics, transferred to the province of Armagh the bishoprics of Tuam, Killalla, Achonry, and Elphin, in the province of Tuam, transferred to the province of Dublin all the bishoprics in the province of Cashel, and the bishoprics of Clonfert and Kilmacduagh in the province of Tuam, remodelled the arrangement of several imounts of episcopal revenue, ordained the consolidation of all the sees of Ireland under 2 archbishops and 10 bishops, and appointed the consolidation to be effected gradually on the demise of the several bishops whose sees if ere to be united. The twelve principal sees, under the act, • together with the see or sees united to each, are — ^in the province of Armagh — Armagh with Clogher, 3Ieath without any annexation, Derry with Raphoe, Down with Connor and Dromore, Kilmore with Ardagh and Elphin, and Tuam with Killalla and Achonry ; and — in the province of Dublin, — Dublin with Kildare, Ossory with Leighlin and Ferns, Cashel with Emly, Waterford, ind Lismore, Ciojme with Cork and Ross, Killaloe with Kilfenora, Clonfert, and Kilmacduagh, and Limerick with Ardfert. The only dioceses which the new arrangement did not affect as to their extent or annexation, were Meath unannexed and Limerick united to Ardfert. At the close of l!i43, the diocese of Clogher still continued separate from Armagh, and the diocese of Kildare from Dublin ; so that the number of bishops, including the two archbishops, was then 14. The order of precedence is the archbishop of Armagh, the archbishop of Dublin, the bishop of Meath, the bishop of Kilddre, and the other bishops according to the date of their consecration. The einscopal income is derived principally from lands let upon lease of 21 years, and renewed from tune to time at the originally small rent upon pa3rment of fines of fluctuating amount ; and, on an ftverage of three years ending in December, 1831, it amounted to ;£151,127 128. 4^d. gross, and il28,h08 Bs. 3Jd. nett ; but, under the new arrangement, it is reduced to £82,953, — lca>ing a hddance of £G8,175 to be managed by a Board of Commissioners for the general purposes of eccleli&stical discipline and education. The proprietor of the district called the Lordship of Kcwry, is the only party who wields episcopal power within that district, — ^holding his ecclesiastical court, and prranting licences of marriages and probates of wills, under the seal of the religious house to which the Lordship belonged prior to the Reformation ; the warden of Galway wields a peculiar power, closely akin to that of a bishop, within the parishes of the wardenship of Oalway ; and the deans of Lismore, St Canice, St Patrick, and Christ-church, exercise peculiar jurisdictions within their respective deaneries. Three of the 32 dioceses, Meath, Kilmore, and Ardagh, have neither chapter, cathedral, nor economy ; and the first of these has, in lieu of the chapter, a synod presided over by the archdeacon, and consisting of all the beneficed clergymen of the diocese. The corporations of deans and chapters are 30 in number, the diocese of Dublin having two, and each of the remaining 26 dioceses one. The m^ority of the deans and chapters consist of a dean, a precentor, a chancellor, a treasurer, an archdeacon, and prebendaries, — ^the last varying in number, from one as in Dromore to 20 as in St. Patrick's of Dublin. The order of precedence among th«

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 89

22. Portlaw's cotton-factory engines

    Portlaw · town · Waterford

    Portlaw was distinguished by three steam-engines providing 300 horse-power specifically for its cotton-factories, marking it as a significant industrial settlement.

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    tteam- engin;28 seems a decided indication of the quantity of increase in manufactures. We, therefore, subjoin, on the authority of an appendix to the Second Report of the Railway Commissioners, published in 1838, a statement of the date, number, and aggregate power of the steam-engines which then existed ; and we need only premise that, though a few were employed for pumping at collieries and in other situations, the vast majority were employed in direct subordination to milling and mavofacture, that the number has since very materially increased, and that the domestic manufacture of steam-engines, particularly at Dublin, has for a number of years been extensive. *" In Belfast and its neighbourhood, there were erected in 1806, one steam-engine of 20 horse-power — in 1810 two — 1812 one— 1817 one— 1824 one— 1825 three— 1826 two — 1827 one— 1830 one— 1832 two— 1833 four— 1834 three— 1835 eight— 1836 four— 1837 five— 1838 eleven. Total, 50; horsepower, 1,274. In Clonmel and Suirville : In 1829 one — 1834 one — 1837 one. Total, 3 ; horse-power, 65. In Cork : In 1815 two — 1817 two — 1818 one— 1820 three— 1823 one— 1824 one— 1825 two— 1826 one^l828 two — 1830 three— 1835 one— 1837 one— and from 1810 to 1834 eight for foundries. Total, 28; horse-power, 412. In Dublin: In 1811 one— 1812 one — 1813 one— 1815 on©— 1816 two— 1817 two — 1824 one — 1825 one— 1826 one— 1827 one — 1828 two — 1829 one— 1831 one — 1832 one— 1833 three— 1834 two— 1835 one— 1836 two— 1837 two— 1838 one. Total, 29; horsepower, 43S. In (Jalway : In 1832 one — 1834 one — 1835 one — 1836 one. Total, 4 ; horse-power, 46. In Kilkenny : In 1816 one— 1827 one— 1832 two— 1833 one— 1838 two. Total, 7 ; horsepower, J 64. In Limerick: In 1818 four— 1822 one — 1828 one — 1830 one— 1832 one— 1834 one— 1836 two— 1838 one. Total, 12 ; horse-power, 206. In Londonderry : In 1815 one— 1825 one — 1834 one — 1835 one— 1836 two — 1837 one— 1838 one. Total, 8; horse-power, 116. In Portlaw: Three engines of 300 horse-power, for cotton-factories. In Waterford : In 1817 one — 1823 one — 1825 one^l828 one— 1832 one— 1834 one— 1835 one. Total, 7 ; horse-power, 90.''

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 48

23. Rathlin Island's basaltic structure and Hebridean past

    near Rathlin Island · island or archipelago · Antrim

    Rathlin Island is noted for its singularly romantic and beautiful basaltic structure, measuring about 4½ miles in length and breadth. It once belonged to the kingdom of the Isles or Hebrides and lies 3 miles north-north-west of Fair Head.

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    flue Gtrvui Isles are a tinj group of tiny islets, 3^ miles east by north of Malin Head. EnnistrahnUfOrlnnistrahnllythe most northerly ground belonging to Ireland, and the site of a lighthouse, lies 7^ miles noith-east of Malin H^ and 4| north-north-east of the Ganran Isles. The Tuns are a dangerous shoal, 2 miles in length, immediately off the mouth of Lough Foyle, and between Innishowen Head and Magilligan Point. The Skerries are a cluster of rocks half-a-mile east of Portrush. Rathlin, remarkable for its singularly romantic and beautiful basaltic structure, measuring about 4| miles in length and the same distance in breadth, and belonging at one period to the kingdom of the Isles or Hebrides, lies 3 miles north-north-west of Fair Head. The Maidens are a group of two islets and a number of rocks 4} miles east-north-east of Ballygalley Head. The Copeland Islands are a group of chiefly three isles, Ijring from 1^ mile to 3} miles east and east-north-east of the south side of the entrance of Belfast Lough. A chain or cordon of islets and rocks, Ijring from a few yards to 2^ miles from the shore, fenoes nearly the whole coast from Ballyferis Point to Ballyquintin Point ; the chief of them, named from north to south, are Black Bock, Long Rock, Skullmartin. Round Rock, Burial Island, Rock MacOammon, Little Plough Rock, Plough Rock, the Feathers, North Rocks, the Scotchman, and South Rock ; and of these, SkuUmartin and North Rocks are eoTeied at half^de. Angus Rock lies off the north-east side of the entrance of Lough Strangford ; St Patrick's Rock and GoUet*s Rock lie off the south-west side of that entrance ; and a multitude of islets and rocks sprinkle the Lough's interior, — ^the chief of which, named from north to souths are MacCally*s Rock, Rough Island, North Rock, South Rock, Boretree Island, Chapel Island, Mid Island, South Island, Beagh Island, Mahee Island, Innishanier, Bird Island, Drummond Iriand, little Minnis, Great Minnis, Green Island, I>unsy Island, Island-More, Sconce Rock, Paul Island, Long Island, Round Island, Island-Faggart, Dunnyneill Island, Salt Island, Gore's Island, and Castle Island. Gun's Island lies 1 mile south-south-west of Killard Point, and almost quite close to the nearest part of the mainland. Blockhouse Island and Green- Islimd are two islets a little within the entrance of Lough Carlingford. The Cargee Rocks lie 1^ mile north of Balbriggan and within half-a-mile of the nearest part of the mainland. Four isles, called Colt's, St. Patrick's, Shennick'B, and Rockabill Islands, lie from half-a-mile to 4^ miles east-north-east of the town of Skerries. Lambay Island, 1^ mile in diameter and 418 feet in height, lies 2| miles south-east of Bnah Point. Irehmd's Eye, an isle of bold and romantic features, lies 1 mile north of the town of Howthy and forms the natural cover of Howth Harbour.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 8

24. Ruins of Assaroe Abbey on a limestone rock

    Assaroe · waterfall · Donegal

    About a mile from Ballyshannon stand the ruins of the abbey of Asheroe, situated beside a limpid stream and crowning a curious limestone rock. The site is noted as a notable antiquity in the vicinity of the town.

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    reeve and free burgesses ; it became a elote borough long before the union ; it was wielded at will first by the Connolly family, and next by the Earl of Belmore ; and when it was disfranchised at the extinction of the Irish parliament, the Earl received the whole of the £15,000 of compensation. Certain lands are spoken of by tradition as having been borough property ; but no evidence exists to authenticate or even countenance the claim. Two open spaces of no great extent, the one the site of the barrack, and the other used as the fair green, are still called commons. The very quondam existence of the corporation is now almost totally forgotten by the inhabitants. A seneschal's court — apparently created by a charter granting large possessions to Henry Ffolliott^ Baron of Ballyshannon, in 1622 — is held under the lord of the manor, and has jurisdiction within the town, and without it, about two miles in one direction and somewhat less in another, to the amount of 40s. — Bally shannon appears from its history to have been scourged witli many of the feuds which, in former times, arose from the unsettled condition of the country ; and it has still a fragment of the ancient castle of the Earls of T^rconnel, who were long chieftains of a large circumjacent district. George Farquhar, the comic dramatist, was a native. About a mile from the town stand the ruins of the abbey of Asheroe, by the side of a limpid stream, and crowning a very curious limestone rock. Area of the town, 352 acres ; of which 180 acres are in the Kilbarron section. Pop., in 1831, 3,775; in 1841, 4,307. Houses 597. Pop. of the Kilbarron section, in 1831, 2,385 ; in 1841, 2,423. House8409.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 153

25. Ruins of Assey Castle on the Boyne

    Assey · townland · Meath

    On the banks of the Boyne in the parish of Assey stand the ruins of the old castle of Assey. The parish, in the barony of Lower Deece, is embellished by views across the river to Bective demesne.

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    ASSEY, Arigh, or Athst, a parish in the barony of Lower Deece, and in the valley of the Boyne, 4 miles south of Navan, co. Meath, Leinster. length, 1( mile; breadth, 1^; area, 1,218 acres. Pop., in 1831, 108; in 1841, 138. Houses 17. The land is in general good. On the banks of the Boyne stand the ruins of the old castle of Assey. Much embellishment b borrowed from Bective demesne, which lies along the opposite side of the river. — This parish is a rectory in the dio. of Meath. Tithe composition, £62 15s. 4^d. Assey and Balsoon rectories [see Balsoon] constitute the benefice of Assey. Length, 2 miles; breadth, 1 4. Gross income, £137 12s. 5id. ; nett, £1 15 Us. 2|d. Patron, the Crown. The churches of both parishes are ruins in the midst of cemeteries. The union has at present neither glebe-house, church, chapel, nor schooL The incumbent of Rilmessan, whose church is only 1 ^ mite distant, and to whose benefice Assey and Balsoon were formerly united, performs occasional duties, and receives, in compensation, the annual sum of £10. In 1834, the Protestants of Assey parish amounted to 4, and the Roman Catholics to 107; the Protestants of the union to 11, and the Roman Catholics to 42a

    ATHANEASY. See Athnasbct.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 138

26. Ruins of Rosserk Abbey in a sequestered dell on the Moy

    Rosserk · townland · Mayo

    On the left bank of the Moy, on a romantic site in a sequestered dell among undulating ground, stand the extensive ruins of Rosserk Abbey, a medieval monastic settlement near Ballina.

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    pirket-giianid, obliged the garrison to retire to Foxford, and took pos9esAion of the town. In the defeat of the pickets, the Rev. George Fortescue, nephew to Lord Clermont, and rector of Rilmoremoy, who had volunteered, was slain. On the morning of the 2r)th, General Humbert, having received intelligence of the assembling of a force against him at Castlebar, moved in the direction of that town from Ballina, sturdily but vainly ** resolving to achieve his utmost for the excitement of rebellion by an early and deep impression." See Castlebar. — Three miles below Ballina, on the right bank of the Moy, stand the ruins of Connor-castle ; and on a romantic site, in a sequestered dell, among undulated grounds, on the left bank of the river, stand the extensive ruins of Ro«erk Abbev. Area of the town, exclusive ot Ardnaree« 12racres. Pop., in 1^31, 5,510 ; in 1841, 5,313. Houses 902. See Ardnaree.

    BALLINA, a village on the western border of the parish of Templekelly, of the barony of Owney and Arra, and of co. Tipperary, Munster. It stands on the left bank of the Shannon, and on the road from Limerick to Castletown ; and is connected with the episcopal town of Killaloe, by a bridge of 19 arches across the Shannon. The village gives name to a Roman Catholic parish, in the united dio. of Cashel and Emiv. See Templekelly and Killaloe. Area of the village, 20 acres. Pop., in 1831, 832; in 1841, 774. Houses 105.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 148

27. Seneschal's court created by 1622 charter to Henry Ffolliott

    Ballyshannon · town · Donegal · 1622

    A seneschal's court at Ballyshannon was apparently created by a charter granting large possessions to Henry Ffolliott, Baron of Ballyshannon, in 1622. The court had jurisdiction within the town and about two miles beyond it in one direction.

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    reeve and free burgesses ; it became a elote borough long before the union ; it was wielded at will first by the Connolly family, and next by the Earl of Belmore ; and when it was disfranchised at the extinction of the Irish parliament, the Earl received the whole of the £15,000 of compensation. Certain lands are spoken of by tradition as having been borough property ; but no evidence exists to authenticate or even countenance the claim. Two open spaces of no great extent, the one the site of the barrack, and the other used as the fair green, are still called commons. The very quondam existence of the corporation is now almost totally forgotten by the inhabitants. A seneschal's court — apparently created by a charter granting large possessions to Henry Ffolliott^ Baron of Ballyshannon, in 1622 — is held under the lord of the manor, and has jurisdiction within the town, and without it, about two miles in one direction and somewhat less in another, to the amount of 40s. — Bally shannon appears from its history to have been scourged witli many of the feuds which, in former times, arose from the unsettled condition of the country ; and it has still a fragment of the ancient castle of the Earls of T^rconnel, who were long chieftains of a large circumjacent district. George Farquhar, the comic dramatist, was a native. About a mile from the town stand the ruins of the abbey of Asheroe, by the side of a limpid stream, and crowning a very curious limestone rock. Area of the town, 352 acres ; of which 180 acres are in the Kilbarron section. Pop., in 1831, 3,775; in 1841, 4,307. Houses 597. Pop. of the Kilbarron section, in 1831, 2,385 ; in 1841, 2,423. House8409.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 153

28. Slieve Gullion's greenstone protrusion

    Slieve Gullion · townland · Armagh

    Slieve Gullion in County Armagh is identified as a gigantic greenstone protrusion, comparable to notable geological formations in Galway, Louth, and Derry.

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    The great tabular trap district of the counties of Antrim, Londonderry, Tyrone, Armagh, and Down, will be found noticed with sufficient minuteness in the section on Minerals, in our article on the county of Antrim. Remarkable protruded masses of trap, however, are not confined to the north-east district of the kingdom, but occur throughout all the nortlT and north-west among rocks of all ages and formations, and are found even among the limestone series of the great predominant plain. They consist both of whin dykes or basaltic veins, and of huge amorphous masses of greenstone or greenstone porphyry, occasionally forming large mountains, and aggregately of greater extent than any other igneous rock except granite. "Their general direction in the trap district of the county of Antrim is nearly north and south ; in the slate district adjoining the Moumo mountains of the county of Down, their direction is north-west and south-east ; in the counties of Tyrone and Fermanagh, where the dykes are usually large, and where their continuous length has, in some instances, been ascertained to exceed seven miles, the direction is south-east ; and in the counties of Mayo and Sligo, the direction of the remarkable dykes described by Archdeacon Verschoyle is east and west ; but these dykes or narrow protrusions, however instructive and important when observed in detail, dwindle into insignificance when compared with the gigantic greenstone protrusions of Knockmorden and Urrisbcg in the county of Galway, of Carlingford mountain in the county of Louth, of SlieveguUion in the county of Armagh, of Slievegallion in tho county of Derry, of numberless minor mountains in the county of Donegal, of Ballygally Head, of Ballygawn, of Sleamish, and of many other remarkable greenstone protrusions of the county of Antrim."

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 23

29. The Mall of Armagh laid out by parliament

    near Armagh · town · Armagh

    The Mall in Armagh is about 500 yards long and 60 to 160 yards broad, enclosed with a dwarf wall, dike, and iron gates, consisting of a neat gravel walk encompassing a lawn of about 6 acres. It was laid out under the protection of an act of parliament, its completing expense defrayed by subscription and later repaid from the profits of the lawn.

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    named, may, though no * building,' be here formally noticed. It is about 500 yards long, and from 60 to 160 yards broad ; it is enclosed with a dwarf wall, dike, and iron gates; and it consists of a neat gravel walk, encompassing a lawn of about 6 acres. It was laid out under the protection of an act of parliament ; and is watched over by a care-taker or public officer. The expense of completing it was defrayed by subscription, but was in a few years repaid from the profits of the lawn.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 137

30. The Old Bann near Portstewart — former river course

    near Port Stewart · town · Derry

    Between the sandy promontory of the present eastern bank of the Lower Bann and the low sand hills near Portstewart lies a vale covered with shells and marine remains, known as the 'Old Bann.' This was evidently the river's former route before it adopted a more sinuous course.

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    course, from Lough Neagh downwards, measures, exclusive of sinuosities, ^out 30 miles. Over its first and its second 10 miles, it separates the county of Londonderry from that of Antrim ; and over its third 10 miles, it chiefly bisects the liberties of Coleraine. Much of its immediate banks is a band oC considerably broad low valley; some is irksome, monotonous bog ; and some is rugged, basaltic ground, formerly overgrown with wood, and naturally flinging leaps and obstructions ia the river's path. Though a cataract, called the Salmon Leap, occurs at Coleraine, and one or two rapids higher up, the general current is smooth and level. The river appears to have, over some distance above its embouchure, forsaken its ancient path, and adopted one more sinuous in direction, and less rapid in gradient. Between the sandy promontory of its present eastern bank and the low sand bills on the side of Port- Stewart, is a vale covered with shells and various marine exuvise, and generally called the * Old Bann ;' and little doubt can exist that this was the river's quondam route. The chief tributaries are the Claudy, on the left bank, a little below the bridge of Portglenone ; the Agivey, on the same bank, 6i miles above Coleraine ; the Macaskin, on the same bank, a mile below the Agivey ; and the Bally money, on the right bank, half-a-mile below the Macaiskin. The nver is tidal and navigable from the sea to the Salmon Leap ; but the rapidity with which it meets the ocean, and the formidable bulk of the bar flung up by its conflict with the tide, render the navigation of it^ entrance so difficult, that only a skilful pilot can bring over a vessel of tnore than 200 tons burden. Projects for completing the navigation to Lough Neagh have long been entertained ; are regarded with much interest ; and, if they could be eflTected, would open to all the northern counties, from Carlingford bay round to the outlet of Lou^k Erne, a water communication with the Atlantic An estimate of the cost, for a navigation in 5 feet of water, was made man^ years ago, and represents the feat as achievable with only about £15,300 — The salmon-fishery of the Bann has long been celebrated for its productiveness ; and has, at diflferent periods, been the property of such persons and bodies as the Protector Cromwell, the Earls of Donegal, the London Society, &c. But during 20 years, ending in 1835, it seriously declined; and, in spite of its great lake and its extensively ramified tributaries, became less productive than the Foyle. Its average annual produce in these years was about 40 tons ; and, in 1835 — ^but not owing to any cause which was likely to be of frequent operation-— the produce suddenly rose to 75 tons. The rent paid for the fishery is Jb750; and about £500 is required for paying water -keepers and superintendents. The salmon need to go 30 miles and upwards to find a spawningplace, and, in consequence, have only one season. The eels of the Bann weigh from half-a-pouad to two pounds.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 162

31. The Race of Rathlin and its mirage

    near Rathlin Island · island or archipelago · Antrim

    The sound or strait of Rathlin, lying between Fair Head and Rathlin Island, is 3 miles wide and features a very rapid current known as the Race of Rathlin. It sometimes exhibits the mirage phenomenon similar to the fata morgana.

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    Ireland has been computed to possess 14 harbours for the largest ships, 17 for frigate^ from 30 to 40 for medium-sized merchant vessels, upwards of 24 good summer road-steads, and a very large number of harbours for fishing-boats or small sailing craft. — ^The principal of the few coves and small bays which occur between Malin Head and Innishowen Head are the bays of Culdaff^ Tremone, and Eennagoe ; but they are very confined, quite open, and not very serviceable even to yawls. From Malin Head, along a line at the mean distance of about 2 miles from the shore, to a point off Innishowen Head, the true streams of tide run six hours each way ; but within the line, at half-flood the stream turns to the west, and at half-ebb to the east. Lough Loyle enters between Magilligan Point and the main shore of Innishowen, is less than a mile wide at the entrance, penetrates the land 15 miles south-south-westward, has an extreme interior breadth of 8 miles, forms a large triangular basin with low shores on two of the sides, but is navigable only in a narrow channel along the Innishowen shore, the rest being occupied by extensive shoals and sand-banks. The mouth of the Bann, 8^ miles east by s6uth of MagiUigan Point, is narrow, highly barred, and ill-suited for either shelter or navigation ; and one of two tiny harbours, situated on the main coast near the boundary between the counties of Londonderry and Antrim, possesses more an apparent than a real importance from being the call-harbour of the Londonderry and Glasgow steamers for the town of Ooleraine. Most of the little bays upon the north coast of Antrim are as useless for commerce as they are wonderful for scenery ; but Ballycastle bay, between Kenbane Head and Fair Head, possesses capacity and shelter for small vessels. North of a line from Innistrahul, 7^ miles north-east of Malin Head, to the entrance of Ballycastle bay, the flood seta to the east six hours, and the ebb the contrary ; and south of the line, at half-flood by the shore, the stream sets to the west till half-ebb by the shore, and the contrary. The sound or strait of Eathlin, between Fair Head and Rathlin Island, is 3 miles wide, has so rapid a current as to be called the Race of Bathlin, and sometimes exhibits the phenomenon of the mirage, similar to the fata morgana. At 1^ mile north of Fair Head, spring and neap tides have a current of respectively 5 and 2^ knots ; and at 1^ mile north-east of Fair Head, they have a current of respectively 3 and 1^ knots. A current 3| miles north-east of Rathlin is called the Race of Skerrinoe, breaks heavily in blowing weather, and is said to have only 15 fathoms and a rocky bottom. The principal bays and marine inlets of the east coast of Antrim are Murloughbay, Cushendun bay. Red bay, Glenarm bay, and Lough Lame ; but only the last of these is a good harbour, or even comparatively valuable for navigation. Spring tides off these bays rise 9 feet ; and neap tides, from 4 to 5. From Tor Point to Cushendun, the tides run true six hours each way, except within a cableVlength of the shore ; from Garron Point to OushendaU, the ebb stream runs three hours to the north after low water by the shore, making nine hours ebb and three hours flood or southern stream in Red bay ; within 1 J mile of the shore, along a line from Garron Point to Ballygalley Head, there is a counter stream from half-flood to half-ebb ; and the current of spring tides, off Ballygalley Head, runs 2^ knots.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 6

32. Ulster railway opened for passengers and goods to Portadown

    near Portadown · town · Armagh · 1844

    The Ulster railway, running from Belfast to Armagh, was open for both passengers and goods as far as Portadown. The open section was 28 miles in length.

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    None of the various extensive lines of railway projected by the public commissioners, summarilj noticed in our articles on Dublin and Leinster, and often referred to in the body of our work, have yet been constructed ; nor have the greater part of lines surveyed by other parties, and referred to in our articles on Leinster and several of the large towns, been yet undertaken. The only complete line in Ireland at the commencement of 1844 was the Dublin and Kingstown railway, 6^ miles in length, and then quite recently extended to Dalkey by an atmospheric railway 1| mile in length. The Ulster railway, from BelfJEist to Armagh, was open for passengers and goods to Portadown, 28 miles ; and the Dublin and Drogheda rsdlway, 30 miles in length, was in such a state of forwardness that it was expected to be opened in the month of May.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 66

33. Vicar's Cave on a lofty hill near Armagh

    near Armagh · town · Armagh

    The Vicar's Cave, located about five miles south-east of Armagh on a lofty hill, is described as an excavated site and one of the notable pagan antiquities of the county. Its artificial excavation makes it a curious survival.

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    Antiquitie8.']-~The most noticeable pagan antiquities of the county are a cairn and a very curious (Toinlech, 2 miles north of Newry ; a cairn surmounting uu nrtiticial cave on the top of Slieve Gullion ; and the Vicar's cave, 5 miles south-east of Armagh,

    on a lofty hill, which is supposed to be excavated. The principal civil antiquities are various old castles, and the vestiges of the Earl of Tyrone's intrenchments, thrown up during the long-continued war with the English, and stIU called Tyrone's Ditches. The principad ecclesiastical antiquities are the cathedral of Armagh, two or three old churches, and traces, more historical than architectural, of about 12 or 13 monastic establishments.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 131

34. Walworth Wood castle remains near Ballykelly

    Ballykelly · townland · Derry · 1610–1846

    Walworth Wood, part of the Fishmongers' Company estate near Ballykelly, contains the remains of a castle erected by the Company in 1610. It was occupied by the Rev. G. V. Sampson at the time of writing.

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    B ALLYKELLY, a village in the parish of Tarnlaght-Finlagan, barony of Kenought, co. Londonderry, Ulster. It stands 2^ mites soutb-west of Newtown-Limavaddy, on the road thence to Londonderry. It has a handsome Presbyterian meeting-house; and a singularly well-supported school. ** Here," says Carlisle, **is a charter school for 50 boys, founded by the Earl of Tyrone, in 1752. The farm consists ot 29 Irish acres, and a considerable quantity of bog, which is holden under the Incorporated Society, who derive under the family of tfae Beresfords, tenants to the Worshipful Company of Fishmongers. According to the Report from the Commissioners of the Board of Education, . Ballykelly charter school appears to be very well situated for a large establishment; the house might be easily added to, and £1,000 would give full accommodation to 150 boys. The country is plentiful, the linen trade flourishing, a wealthy yeomanry,- aod many resident clergymen very near it ; the churdi k close to it; and the situation of the school is healthy.** In 1834, the school was in operation, not for boys only, but also for girls ; and taught reading, writing, arithmetic, book-keeping, and grammar to 112 boys; and reading, writing, arithmetic, and needlework to 100 girls. Its means and method of support are *' a house from the Fishmongers' Company of London, and school rates of 3s. a-quarter for each of the chHdren educated, one-half paid by the Company, and one-half by the parents if able, and the entire by tlio Company if not." Drummond, the residence of A. Sampson, Esq., agent to the Fishmongers' Company,. stands at the village. Walworth Wood, part of tiie Company's estate, and having in its demesne the remains of a castle which the Company erected Im

    BAL

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 152

35. 1820 banking panic: Delacour survives in Mallow

    Mallow · town · Cork

    During a month of banking failures across southern Ireland, only two banks remained open, including Messrs. Delacour at Mallow.

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    panic. Then began an accumulative series of those rapid failures which seem to be known to no other country, and which spread indescribable calamity and consternation over the whole surface of the island. In the month of June, the Banking firm of Roche and Co., of Cork, failed ; and, on the same morning, that of Leslie and Co. suspended payment in the same city. By the next Saturday, Messrs. Maunsell, of Limerick, had closed their doors. These embarrassments were quickly followed by the stoppage of Messrs. Rial, at Clonmel ; Sause, at Carrick-on-Suir ; Newport, at Waterford; Loughnan, at Kilkenny; Alexander, at Dublin; until, within a single month, eleven Banks had broken, and in the whole south of Ireland there remained open only two bouses — Messrs. Delacour, at Mallow, and Redmond, at Wexford."

    In 1783, the Bank of Ireland commenced operation with a capital of ;£600,000 Irish currency ; from 1784 till 1799, its dividend was from 5 to 6 per cent. ; in 1800, its capital was £1,500,000, and its dividend 7 per cent. ; in 1809, its capital was £2,500,000, and its dividend up to 1814 was 7^ per cent. ; in 1821, a bonus of £500,000 was added to the original capital; from 1821 to 1829, the dividend was 10 per cent. ; and from 1829 to 1835, the dividend was 9 per cent. In 1797, the circulation of the Bank of Ireland was £621,917; in 1808, £2,827,000; in 1809, £3,068,100; in 1810, £3,157,300; in 1813, £4,212,600; in 1821, £5,181,600 ; in 1825, £6,309,300 ; and in 1843, £3,100,000. The banks formed since the legalizing of joint stock bimks in 1821, have been the Hibernian, the Northern, the Provincial, the Belfast, the Agricultural, the Provident, the National, the Ulster, the Royal, the Tipperary, and the London and Dublin banks. The Agricultural and the Provident have ceased ; and the partners, branches, and capital of the others, as well as of the Bank of Ireland, in 1843, are shown in the following table : —

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 58

36. 1820 banking panic: Loughnan stops in Kilkenny

    Kilkenny · city · Kilkenny

    As part of a rapid series of banking failures across southern Ireland, Messrs. Loughnan at Kilkenny stopped payment.

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    panic. Then began an accumulative series of those rapid failures which seem to be known to no other country, and which spread indescribable calamity and consternation over the whole surface of the island. In the month of June, the Banking firm of Roche and Co., of Cork, failed ; and, on the same morning, that of Leslie and Co. suspended payment in the same city. By the next Saturday, Messrs. Maunsell, of Limerick, had closed their doors. These embarrassments were quickly followed by the stoppage of Messrs. Rial, at Clonmel ; Sause, at Carrick-on-Suir ; Newport, at Waterford; Loughnan, at Kilkenny; Alexander, at Dublin; until, within a single month, eleven Banks had broken, and in the whole south of Ireland there remained open only two bouses — Messrs. Delacour, at Mallow, and Redmond, at Wexford."

    In 1783, the Bank of Ireland commenced operation with a capital of ;£600,000 Irish currency ; from 1784 till 1799, its dividend was from 5 to 6 per cent. ; in 1800, its capital was £1,500,000, and its dividend 7 per cent. ; in 1809, its capital was £2,500,000, and its dividend up to 1814 was 7^ per cent. ; in 1821, a bonus of £500,000 was added to the original capital; from 1821 to 1829, the dividend was 10 per cent. ; and from 1829 to 1835, the dividend was 9 per cent. In 1797, the circulation of the Bank of Ireland was £621,917; in 1808, £2,827,000; in 1809, £3,068,100; in 1810, £3,157,300; in 1813, £4,212,600; in 1821, £5,181,600 ; in 1825, £6,309,300 ; and in 1843, £3,100,000. The banks formed since the legalizing of joint stock bimks in 1821, have been the Hibernian, the Northern, the Provincial, the Belfast, the Agricultural, the Provident, the National, the Ulster, the Royal, the Tipperary, and the London and Dublin banks. The Agricultural and the Provident have ceased ; and the partners, branches, and capital of the others, as well as of the Bank of Ireland, in 1843, are shown in the following table : —

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 58

37. 1820 banking panic: Newport stops in Waterford

    Waterford · city · Waterford

    During a month of rapid banking failures across the south of Ireland, Messrs. Newport at Waterford stopped payment.

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    panic. Then began an accumulative series of those rapid failures which seem to be known to no other country, and which spread indescribable calamity and consternation over the whole surface of the island. In the month of June, the Banking firm of Roche and Co., of Cork, failed ; and, on the same morning, that of Leslie and Co. suspended payment in the same city. By the next Saturday, Messrs. Maunsell, of Limerick, had closed their doors. These embarrassments were quickly followed by the stoppage of Messrs. Rial, at Clonmel ; Sause, at Carrick-on-Suir ; Newport, at Waterford; Loughnan, at Kilkenny; Alexander, at Dublin; until, within a single month, eleven Banks had broken, and in the whole south of Ireland there remained open only two bouses — Messrs. Delacour, at Mallow, and Redmond, at Wexford."

    In 1783, the Bank of Ireland commenced operation with a capital of ;£600,000 Irish currency ; from 1784 till 1799, its dividend was from 5 to 6 per cent. ; in 1800, its capital was £1,500,000, and its dividend 7 per cent. ; in 1809, its capital was £2,500,000, and its dividend up to 1814 was 7^ per cent. ; in 1821, a bonus of £500,000 was added to the original capital; from 1821 to 1829, the dividend was 10 per cent. ; and from 1829 to 1835, the dividend was 9 per cent. In 1797, the circulation of the Bank of Ireland was £621,917; in 1808, £2,827,000; in 1809, £3,068,100; in 1810, £3,157,300; in 1813, £4,212,600; in 1821, £5,181,600 ; in 1825, £6,309,300 ; and in 1843, £3,100,000. The banks formed since the legalizing of joint stock bimks in 1821, have been the Hibernian, the Northern, the Provincial, the Belfast, the Agricultural, the Provident, the National, the Ulster, the Royal, the Tipperary, and the London and Dublin banks. The Agricultural and the Provident have ceased ; and the partners, branches, and capital of the others, as well as of the Bank of Ireland, in 1843, are shown in the following table : —

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 58

38. 1820 banking panic: Redmond survives in Wexford

    Wexford · town · Wexford

    Out of all the banks in southern Ireland during a month of rapid failures, only two remained open, including Messrs. Redmond at Wexford.

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    panic. Then began an accumulative series of those rapid failures which seem to be known to no other country, and which spread indescribable calamity and consternation over the whole surface of the island. In the month of June, the Banking firm of Roche and Co., of Cork, failed ; and, on the same morning, that of Leslie and Co. suspended payment in the same city. By the next Saturday, Messrs. Maunsell, of Limerick, had closed their doors. These embarrassments were quickly followed by the stoppage of Messrs. Rial, at Clonmel ; Sause, at Carrick-on-Suir ; Newport, at Waterford; Loughnan, at Kilkenny; Alexander, at Dublin; until, within a single month, eleven Banks had broken, and in the whole south of Ireland there remained open only two bouses — Messrs. Delacour, at Mallow, and Redmond, at Wexford."

    In 1783, the Bank of Ireland commenced operation with a capital of ;£600,000 Irish currency ; from 1784 till 1799, its dividend was from 5 to 6 per cent. ; in 1800, its capital was £1,500,000, and its dividend 7 per cent. ; in 1809, its capital was £2,500,000, and its dividend up to 1814 was 7^ per cent. ; in 1821, a bonus of £500,000 was added to the original capital; from 1821 to 1829, the dividend was 10 per cent. ; and from 1829 to 1835, the dividend was 9 per cent. In 1797, the circulation of the Bank of Ireland was £621,917; in 1808, £2,827,000; in 1809, £3,068,100; in 1810, £3,157,300; in 1813, £4,212,600; in 1821, £5,181,600 ; in 1825, £6,309,300 ; and in 1843, £3,100,000. The banks formed since the legalizing of joint stock bimks in 1821, have been the Hibernian, the Northern, the Provincial, the Belfast, the Agricultural, the Provident, the National, the Ulster, the Royal, the Tipperary, and the London and Dublin banks. The Agricultural and the Provident have ceased ; and the partners, branches, and capital of the others, as well as of the Bank of Ireland, in 1843, are shown in the following table : —

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 58

39. 1820 banking panic: Rial stops in Clonmel

    Clonmel · town · Tipperary

    Following bank failures in Cork and Limerick, the banking embarrassments spread to Clonmel with the stoppage of Messrs. Rial.

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    panic. Then began an accumulative series of those rapid failures which seem to be known to no other country, and which spread indescribable calamity and consternation over the whole surface of the island. In the month of June, the Banking firm of Roche and Co., of Cork, failed ; and, on the same morning, that of Leslie and Co. suspended payment in the same city. By the next Saturday, Messrs. Maunsell, of Limerick, had closed their doors. These embarrassments were quickly followed by the stoppage of Messrs. Rial, at Clonmel ; Sause, at Carrick-on-Suir ; Newport, at Waterford; Loughnan, at Kilkenny; Alexander, at Dublin; until, within a single month, eleven Banks had broken, and in the whole south of Ireland there remained open only two bouses — Messrs. Delacour, at Mallow, and Redmond, at Wexford."

    In 1783, the Bank of Ireland commenced operation with a capital of ;£600,000 Irish currency ; from 1784 till 1799, its dividend was from 5 to 6 per cent. ; in 1800, its capital was £1,500,000, and its dividend 7 per cent. ; in 1809, its capital was £2,500,000, and its dividend up to 1814 was 7^ per cent. ; in 1821, a bonus of £500,000 was added to the original capital; from 1821 to 1829, the dividend was 10 per cent. ; and from 1829 to 1835, the dividend was 9 per cent. In 1797, the circulation of the Bank of Ireland was £621,917; in 1808, £2,827,000; in 1809, £3,068,100; in 1810, £3,157,300; in 1813, £4,212,600; in 1821, £5,181,600 ; in 1825, £6,309,300 ; and in 1843, £3,100,000. The banks formed since the legalizing of joint stock bimks in 1821, have been the Hibernian, the Northern, the Provincial, the Belfast, the Agricultural, the Provident, the National, the Ulster, the Royal, the Tipperary, and the London and Dublin banks. The Agricultural and the Provident have ceased ; and the partners, branches, and capital of the others, as well as of the Bank of Ireland, in 1843, are shown in the following table : —

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 58

40. 1820 banking panic: Sause stops in Carrick-on-Suir

    Carrick-on-Suir · town · Tipperary

    The wave of rapid banking failures across Ireland reached Carrick-on-Suir with the stoppage of Messrs. Sause.

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    panic. Then began an accumulative series of those rapid failures which seem to be known to no other country, and which spread indescribable calamity and consternation over the whole surface of the island. In the month of June, the Banking firm of Roche and Co., of Cork, failed ; and, on the same morning, that of Leslie and Co. suspended payment in the same city. By the next Saturday, Messrs. Maunsell, of Limerick, had closed their doors. These embarrassments were quickly followed by the stoppage of Messrs. Rial, at Clonmel ; Sause, at Carrick-on-Suir ; Newport, at Waterford; Loughnan, at Kilkenny; Alexander, at Dublin; until, within a single month, eleven Banks had broken, and in the whole south of Ireland there remained open only two bouses — Messrs. Delacour, at Mallow, and Redmond, at Wexford."

    In 1783, the Bank of Ireland commenced operation with a capital of ;£600,000 Irish currency ; from 1784 till 1799, its dividend was from 5 to 6 per cent. ; in 1800, its capital was £1,500,000, and its dividend 7 per cent. ; in 1809, its capital was £2,500,000, and its dividend up to 1814 was 7^ per cent. ; in 1821, a bonus of £500,000 was added to the original capital; from 1821 to 1829, the dividend was 10 per cent. ; and from 1829 to 1835, the dividend was 9 per cent. In 1797, the circulation of the Bank of Ireland was £621,917; in 1808, £2,827,000; in 1809, £3,068,100; in 1810, £3,157,300; in 1813, £4,212,600; in 1821, £5,181,600 ; in 1825, £6,309,300 ; and in 1843, £3,100,000. The banks formed since the legalizing of joint stock bimks in 1821, have been the Hibernian, the Northern, the Provincial, the Belfast, the Agricultural, the Provident, the National, the Ulster, the Royal, the Tipperary, and the London and Dublin banks. The Agricultural and the Provident have ceased ; and the partners, branches, and capital of the others, as well as of the Bank of Ireland, in 1843, are shown in the following table : —

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 58

41. Addergoole parish landscape by Lough Conn

    Knockmaria or Addergoole · townland · Mayo

    Addergoole parish in Co. Mayo extends along a long glen running into the mountains, with a district of waste mountain measuring four miles. The land is prevailingly poor and in miserable cultivation, yet possesses considerable beauty on its eastern margin where it is laved by Lough Conn.

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    ADDERGOOLE, a parish in the south-east of the barony of Tyrawley, 8 miles north-west by west of Foxford, co. Mayo, Coimaught. Length, 5^ miles; breadth, 4^; area, 36,630 acres, of which 3,763 acres are water, principally in Lough Conn. Pop., in 1831, 6,714; in 1841, 7.379. Houses 1,285. A district of >vaste mountain, not included in the above statement of length and breadth, has an extent of 4 miles; so that the parish, taken in the direction of a long glen which runs into the mountains, measures 9^ miles by 5. The land of even the chief district is prevailingly poor, and in miserable cultivation ; yet on its eastern margin, where it is laved by Lough Conn, it possesses considerable

    beauty. — This parish b a vicarage, in the dio. of Killalla, and forms part of the benefice of Crossmolina: which see. The vicarial tithes are compounded lor £125; and the rectorial tithes are partly impropriate and partly appropriate. See Crossmolina. Two Roman Catbobc chapels in the parish are averagely attended by respectively 900 and 400. In 1834, the parishioners consisted of 93 Churchmen, and 7,126 Roman Catholics; and the schools were a day-school, aided by about £12 from the London Hibernian society, and 7 hedge or pay schools.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 112

42. Aguabog demesne, lakes, and church

    Aghabog · townland · Monaghan · 1775

    The parish of Aguabog in Monaghan features Levsbocough as its only demesne and a lake near Leysborough which is the largest in the barony. The parish church was built in 1775 at a cost of £360, gifted by the Board of First Fruits.

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    AGUABOG, a parish on the eastern border ot the barony of Dartry, 5 miles east-south-east of Clones, CO. Monaghan, Ulster. Length, 4 miles; breadth, 2; area, 11,543 acres. Poplin 1831,7,442; in 1841, 7,530. Houses 1,319. Levsbocough ia the oidy demesne. Large patches of bog occur on the north ; and extensive tracts of bog expand on the east and west. The aggregate soil is tolerably good for oats. A lake near Leysborough is the largest in the barony ; and there are four other lakes. The road from Monaghan to Cootehill passes through the interior. — This parish is a rectory, and a separate benefice in the dio. of Clogher. Gross income, £402 12s, 6d.; nett, £357 17s. 6^. Patron, the diocesan. A curate has £69 4s. 7^d., with fuel and the use of the rectory-house. The church wm built in 1775, at a cost of £360, gifted by the late Board of First Fruits. Sittings 450; average attendance 250. A Presbyterian meeting-house, formerly Secessional, but now belonging to the General Assembly, is attended by 325 ; and a Roman Catholic chapel by 850. In 1834, there were 1,597 Churchmen, 1 ,753 Presbyterians, 1 other Protestant dissenter, and 4,121 Roman Catholics. In the same year, there were four schools of the London Hibernian Society, two National schools, and two hedgeschools, with aggregately 458 boys and 292 girls on their books.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 112

43. Amethysts at Kerry Head cliffs

    near Kerry Head · promontory · Kerry

    Amethysts have been found in the cliffs in the vicinity of Kerry Head.

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    becomes evident that the bottom of the tertiary deposit must be at least 164 feet below the lerel of the sea. The clay district of Lough Neagh is similar to the potter's clay district of Bohvey, in Devonshire ; and pits have been opened in many parts for the purpose of raising pipe day ; but hitherto no beds of a pure white colour have been discovered, at least none which preeerre their white colour when exposed to the heat of the potter's baking furnace ; but there can be no doubt, if proper trials were made in different parts of the district, that pure white potter's clay would be discovered. Potter's clay, similar to that of Lough Neagh, occurs in a valley resting on the carboniferous limestone situated to the south-east of Cahir, in the county of Tipperary ; and many years since, considerable quantities of clay were raised, and exported from thence to the potteries of England. White clay also occurs in a similar position, resting on limestone near St. John's Point, and other localities on the western bank of Lough Ree, in the county of Roscommon." Yesuvian, though of not well developed crystal, has been found at Kilranelagh, in a rock composed of common garnet, quartz, and felspar. Grenalite occurs in a micaceous compound, in the lead mines of Wicklow. The precious beryl has been found embedded in granite near Loughs Bray in CO. Wicklow. Cronebane has been found in the mountains of Wicklow and Dublin. Andalusite occurs in the micaceous schist of Djouce mountain in Wicklow. A mineral nearly allied to andalusite has been found in great abundance at Killincy in co. Dublin. A crystallized mineral of characters very similar to those of indurated talc, accompanies the andalusite of Djouce mountain. Hollow spar, in very distinct specimens, has been found at and near Baltinglass in co. Wicklow. Pitch-stone, traversing granite, occurs near Newry in co. Down. Granular sulphate of baryies, mcoompanied by iron pyrites, has been found on the shore near Clonakilty in co. Cork. Wavellite, Tery similar in its external character and in its analysis to the wavellite of Devonshire, as described bj Sir Humphrey Davy, has been found about 10 miles south-east of the city of Cork. Jaspers of Tarious sizes have been discovered in yellow clay, a few feet below the surface, near the southern extremity of the granite district in co. Kilkenny. Amethysts have been found in the cliffs in the Tidnity of Kerry Head. Transparent crystals, popularly known as Kerry stones, and harder, larger, and more brilliant than Bristol stones, are comparatively abundant in various parts of Kerry. Gold was for several years obtained in rather large quantity on the mountain of Croghan- Kinshela in co. Wicklow. Silver appears to have been obtained in considerable quantities, previous to the Carlist wars of the 17th century, in the lead mines of Antrim, Sligo, and Tipperary. Copper is found at Ross Island in the lower lake of KiUarney ; at Muckross, on the shores of that lake ; at Cronebane and Ballymurtagh in co. Wicklow ; and in some parts of counties Cork, Clare, Mcath, Waterford, and Dublin. Lead occurs near Enniscorthy in co. Wexford ; at Derrynoose in co. Armagh ; near Glendalough in co. Wicklow ; near the city of Dublin ; and in parts of counties Sligo, Antrim, Tipperary, and Donegal Iron ores are plentiful in various parts of Ireland ; and, in the 17th century, they were worked in a number of districts till the circumjacent timber available for smdting was exhausted. The grey ore of manganese has been found in the peninsula of Howth, in various parts of co. Kilkenny, in the Mayo mountains of Glanmore, and in several other counties. Cobalt accompanies the copper of Muckross in co. Kerry ; and a variety of the earth black cobalt ore of Werner, has been found in the peninsula of Howth. Tin stone occurs in Croghanym«h<>U in CO. Wicklow. Porcelain earth, equal in purity to the china clay of Cornwall, has been found in the south-west of co. Wicklow. Mineral springs, chiefly chalybeate, occur in almost every county ; and those most in repute, as the resorts of invalids, are the spa of Ballyspellan near Urlingford in co. Kilkenny, the spa of Lucan near Dublin, the spa of Swanlinbar in co. Cavan, and the spa of Mallow in co. Cork.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 23

44. Annaghmore estate of C. King O'Hara in Sligo

    Annaghmore · townland · Sligo

    Annaghmore was a highly improved estate in County Sligo belonging to C. King O'Hara, Esq. The mansion and demesne sat two miles west of Colooney, with improvements extending to Coolany and along the sandstone hills toward Ballina.

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    ANNAGHMORE, a highly improved estate, the property of C King O'Hara, Esq., in the north or co. Sligo, Connaught. The mansion and demesne are situated 2 miles west of the village of Colooney. But the improvements extend to Coolany, 5' miles distant from Colooney ; they bound the great plain which skirts the southern shore of Sligo bay; and they expand, fer several miles, athwart the base and the acclivities of the sandstone hills which stret<^ >vestward in the direction of Ballina.

    ANNAGHMORE, a demesne on the borders of King's and Queen's counties, Lcinster. A morass on the estate is one of a cluster of 4 bogs, | of a mile north of Lough Annagh : see Annauh. The other three are Killurin, Gurteen, and Glebe bogs. The whole have an area of 1,138 acres, 2 roods, 38 perches. Of this area, 664 acres and 21 perches are a deep red morassy moss, and shaking quagmire, from 30 to 37 feet in depth, full of springs, situated between the hill of Killurin and the high land of Aimaghmore. The clusters form part of a division of bogs on the borders of King's and Queens counties, comprehending 4.656 acres, whose reclamation, as estimated by Mr. Longfield^ would cost £6,514 17s. lOd.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 112

45. Ardcanny church condemned as unfit

    Ardcanny · parish · Limerick · 1736–1837

    The church at Ardcanny was built in 1736 but was reported in 1837 to have been recently condemned as unworthy of repair. Public worship was then conducted in the glebe-house with an attendance of about 25.

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    benefice, and the corps of Ardcanny prebend of St. Mary's cathedral, in the dio. of Limerick. Tithe composition. £300. Gross income. £363 ; nett, £276 178. 8d. Patron, the diocesan. The church was built in 1736, and was reported in 1837 to have been recently condemned as unworthy of repair. Public worship was then conducted in the glebehouse. Attendance, about 25. In 1834, the Protestants amounted to 114. and the Roman Catholics to 1.258; and a pay-school was attended by 8T children.

    ARDCARNE. co. Meath. See Athcaricb.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 121

46. Ardmore village antiquities and seaside character

    Ardmore · town · Waterford

    Ardmore village is situated near the west end of Ardmore Bay and is rich in architectural antiquities, attracting extravagant popular beliefs about its remote history. It overlooks a smooth, sheltered beach and has neat cottages occupied by annuitants and visitors.

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    ARDMORE village is charmingly situated near the west end of Ardmore bay, in the parish just described, about 4 miles east-north-east of Youghal. Area, 39 acres. Pep., in 1831,414; in 1841,716. Houses lid. This village overlooks a smeoth, sheltered, and extensive beach ; and ought te be a favourite retreat of sea-bathers. Several neat and pleasant cottages, occupied by annuitants, or designed for the use of visiters, have already been built. The inhaliitante are supported chiefly as agriculturists and fishermen. The harbour possesses many natural advantages; and, if it had a pier and a quay, it would afford shelter not only to large fishing-boats, but to vessels of from 6 to 8 feet draught. A slip, too, would be of service to facilitate the hauling up of Boats. Ardmore is rich in architectural antiquities ; and, in consequence, makes extravagant claims upon popular belief as to the marvellousness and lemotcness of its hit^ory. Thaumaturgic tales, not one of which niuht we repeat, are current respecting various objects in its vicinity, and some alleged epochs in its early aniuils. Rather discrepantly with the usual style of the local ecclesiastiol historiography of Ireland, Ardmore it made to figure as a retreat of Christianity, a home of the canonized, and even the scat of a bishopric considerably before the time of St. Patrick. St. Declan, son of the Desii, is alleged, when 7 years old, to have been baptized here or in the vicinity by

    ARD

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 122

47. Ardsalla demesne and the Ludlow earls

    Ardsallagh · townland · Meath · 1600–1760

    The Ardsalla estate passed from the Nangles, Barons of Navan, to the Ludlow family by marriage in the early 17th century. Peter Ludlow represented Meath in parliament in 1719 and 1727, and his son was created Baron Ludlow, Viscount Preston, and Earl Ludlow in 1755 and 1760.

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    demesne of ArdsalU combine with the adjacent ones of Bellinter greatly to ornament the banks of the Boyiie. Ardwlla demesne, however, seems to be as ill kept as it is delightfully situated. The estate anciently formed part of the extensive landed property ot the Naiigles, Barons of Navan, but passed by marriage, early in the 17th century, into the possession of the family of Ludlow. In 1719 and 1727» Peter Ludlow represented Meath in parliament; and in \755 and 1760, his son was created successively liHron Ludlow, Viscount Preston, and Earl Ludlow. A monastery, or religious establishment of some sort, is $iaid to have been founded at Ardsalla, early in the

    6th century, by St. Finian of Clonard This parish

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 122

48. Arklow parish church designed by Francis Johnson

    Arklow · town · Wicklow

    The parish church of Arklow stands near the centre of the town on a rising ground, a handsome edifice with a tower and minarets designed by Francis Johnson, the architect who planned the royal chapel and St. George's church in Dublin.

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    ARKLOW, a market, post, and sea-port town, the capital of its cognominal parish and barony, is situated B^ miles north-nortn-east of Gorey, 9^ south-south-east of Rathdrum, and 39| south by east of Dublin. Its site is on the river Ovoca, about 500 yards from the sea. About 65 years ago, the place was merely a fishing hamlet, a collection ot thatched mud cabins, superintended by a single slated house. Even the present lower town, or the division nearest the sea, and east of .the coast road from Wicklow to Gorev, is a wretched segregation of wretched huts, a huddled assemblage of squalid hovels, a magnified copy of a Hottentot or Caffre kraal, with the putrid increment of the accumulated offals of a slovenly fishery. Mr. Inglis, in his * IreUind, in 1834,' appears to have mistaken this for the whole town, and, accordingly, says, '• Arklow is one of the poorest villages that can well be seen ; it is entirely supported by the herring-fishing during the season, but all the rest of the year is miserably off." This " Arklow" of the superficial tourist, and *• lower town" of topographists, is, by the inhabitants, called " the Fishery." West of it the public road is carried across the Ovoca, on a bridge of 19 arches. Above the bridge commences " the upper town," or the division which would gladly claim to be the whole of Arklow, and which alone presents to the eye the real features of a town. It consists principally of one street, tolerably spacious, slowly ascending, and placed parallel with the river. Its houses are numerously slated, generally neat, and aggregately of re&pecta\)le mediocre character. Near the centre of the town, and crowning a rising ground, stands the parish-church ; a handsome edifice, with a tower and minarets, from a design by the same architect, Francis Johnson, Esq., who planned the beautiful structures of the royal chapel and St. George's church in Dublin. Iti an open and convenient spot in the upper part of the street stands the Roman Catholic chapel ; a neat square edifice, built in 1616, and not unornamental to the town. On a commanding site, overlooking the river, stands the barrack, surrounded by a wall, and containing ac oommodation for two companies of soldiers, and the appendage of a drill-yard. Connected with it are the fragmentary remains of Arklow-castle ; consisting chiefly of a mutilated and ivy-clad tower. This "a'.tle was erected in the 13th century, by Theobald Fit z waiter, fourth lord butler of Ireland. In 1331, it WHS assaulted and captured by O Toole, but soon recaptured by Lord de Bermingham ; and, in the following year, it was again taken by the Irish, and retaken by the English. Either originally, or as now enlarged or re-edified by the English, it possessed seven strong towers, and was a fortress of con^^iderable importance. In 1649, Oliver Cromwell raptured it, overturned six of its towers, and reduced the remainder of it to the condition of a yawning ruin. Theobald Fitzwalter, the founder of the castle, founded also in Arklow a Cistertian monastery, and colonized it from the abbey of Furne'S in Lancashire. The founder died at the castle in 1285, and was buried in the monastic church beneath a monument which bore his eflSgies. The

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 123

49. Armagh earns the name Orchard of Ireland

    near Armagh · town · Armagh · 1841

    The orchards of County Armagh collectively produced such a large supply of fruit for market that the county earned the designation "Orchard of Ireland." In 1841 the total extent of orchards was 2,783 acres, part of 8,996 acres of woods in the county.

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    Tfbo(/«.]— Armagh is too densely peopled and too nnich a manufacturing county to have almost any spare ground for wood. Planting has been practised chiefly for ornament, and is in a great measure confined to demesnes ; and natural wood, except in some patches among the mountains, or coppices along the margin of streams, was long ago all but totally destroyed. Yet many districts, particularly in the barony of Armagh, are highly embellished with both old and yonng trees ; and, from a cause which we formerly named, the profusion of orchard clumps and the prevalence of quickset enclosure, the greater part of the county would, on a cursory view, be pronounced by a stranger better wooded than many an equal extent of territory which has five or even ten times its number of trees. The orchards aggregately afford so large a supply of fruit for the market as to have won for the county the designation of the Orchard of Ireland. The total extent of woods, in 184 1 , exclusive of detached trees, was 8,996 acres ; and of these 406 acres were oak, 19 ash, 10 elm, 17 beech, 212 firs, 5.549 mixed plantations, and 2,783 orchards. The number of detached trees was 406.075 ; and had they been amassed into woods, they would have occupied 2,538 acres.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 129

50. Athenry parish mansions: Castle-Lambert, Castle-Ellen, Rockfield

    Athenry · town · Galway · 1828

    Near the town of Athenry stand the mansions of Castle-Lambert, Castle-Ellen, and Rockfield, noted as landmarks in the parish. The parish church was built in 1828 by means of a loan from the late Board of First Fruits.

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    ATHENRY, a parish in the baronies of Athenry, Clare, and Dunkellin, co. Galway, Connaught. The Athenry section contains the town of Athenbt : see next article. Length, 9 miles ; breadth, 6 ; area, 24,952 acres. Pop., in 1841, 5,988. Houses 1,094. Area of the Athenry section, 13,198 acres; of the Clare section, 8,797 acres ; of the Dunkellin section, 2,955 acres. Pop. in 1841, of the CUire section, 1,277; of the Dunkellin section, 5*20; of the rural districts of the Athenry section, 2,596. Houses in these three respectively, 222, 86, and 494. The pop. returns of 1831 mix up with the parish of Athenry the whole of the parish of Monivae, lying in the baronies of Clare, Kilconnel, aiid Tyaquin, and exhibit the pop. of Athenry at 12,580 ; and tiie documents of subsequent years, which give the statistics of the ecclesiastical parish, exhibit its area at 30,000 acres, and its pop., in 1831, at 7.068. See Momiyab. The land in general is of indifferent quality, and averages in value about 15s. per plantation acre. The sur£u», though varied, is partly bleak, and nowhere very marked in feature. Near the town are the mansions of Castle-Lambert, Castle-Ellen, and Bockfield.-— This parish is a rectory and a separate benefice in the dio. of Tuam. Tithe composition and gross income, ^1,067 lOs. ; nett, i:902 I5s. O^d. Patron, alternately the Crown and the diocesan. The incumbent is non-resident A curate has a salary of £69 4s. 7id., and the use of a small walled garden. The church was built, in 1828, by means of a loan of ^£1.384 12s. S^d. from the late Board of First Fruits. Sittings 300 ; attendance, from 80 to 90. The Roman Catholic diapel is attended by about 2,000 persons, and has an officiate for itself. In 1834, the Protestants amounted to 170, and the Roman Catholics to 7,454 ; and 5 daily schoob, one of which received £S 3s. from the rector, and a graduated allowance from the London Hibernian Society, had on their books 180 boys and 117 girls.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 138

51. Athy friary chapel served by two friars

    Athy · town · Kildare

    The chapel of a friary in the town of Athy had an attendance of from 50 to 60 and was served by two friars, as recorded in the ecclesiastical account of the Athy union of parishes.

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    is in the dio. of Dublin. Gross income, £554 2s. 6d. ; nett, £472 1 9s. 4d. Patron, the diocesan. Two curates are employed at salaries of respec<* tively £75 and £35. The church, situated in the parish of Athy St. Michael, and not far from the east end of the bridge in the town of Athy, is so old a building that the date and cost of its erection are unascertainable. Sittings 600 ; average attendance, from 280 to 300. The chapel in the gaol is served every Sabbath by both a Protestant and a Roman Catholic ofliciate. Roman Catholic parochial chapels exist in Athy St. Michael and in Tankardstown, and will be noticed in the articles on these parishes. The chapel of a friary in the town has an attendance of from 50 to 60, and is served by two friars. A Wesleyan meeting-house is attended by from 50 to 200 ; a chapel of Protestant dissenters, following the doc trines of Mr. Kelly, by from 30 to 40 ; and a private house, used as a separatist place of worship, by from 12 to 20. In 1834, the inhabitants of the union consisted of 1,164 Churchmen, 33 Protestant dissenters, and 7>815 Roman Catholics ; and 7 daily schools had on their books 322 boys and 186 girls.

    ATHY St. JOHN, a parish, partly in the barony of Ballyadams, Queen's co., but chiefly in that of West Narragh, and Rheban, co. Kildare, Leinster. Its main body lies on the right bank of the Barrow ; four small pendicles of it lie detached and isolated in Athy St. Michael's; and its Kildare section contains part of the town of Athy. Near its south border is Tonlegee -house. Length, 1 mile; breadth, ^; area, 1.123 acres, — of which 102 acres are in the Queen's co. section, and 66 acres in the town of Athy. Pop., in 1831, 1,955; in 1841, 1,781. Houses 295. Pop., in 1841, of Queen's co. section, 10; of the rural districts of CO. Kildare section, 384. Houses in these respec.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 146

52. Ballyconnell town: romantic site and Slieve Russel

    Ballyconnell · town · Cavan

    Ballyconnell stands on the Woodford river in co. Cavan, its site described as romantic and imposing. From its skirt rises Slieve Russel (Ligavregra), attaining 1,300 feet and forming a conspicuous landscape feature. Ballyconnell-house, seat of W. H. Enery, Esq., stands below the town on the river banks.

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    BALLYCONNELL, a small market and post town in the parish of Tomregan, barony of Tullaghagh, co. Cavan, Ulster. It stands on the Woodford river, and on the road from Killeshandra to Callowhill, about 5 miles west of Belturbet, 68 west-south-west of Belfast, and 74 north-west of Dublin. Its site is romantic and imposing. From its skirt rises the mountain of Slieve Russel, or, as it is called, in the ordnance survey, Ligavregra, — a height which attains an altitude of 1,300 feet above sea-level, and forms a conspicuous and remarkable feature in a considerable expanse of landscape. Immediately below the town, and on the banks of the river, stands Bally connell-house, the seat of W. H. Enery, Esq. A court-house in the town possesses a somewhat elegant appearance ; and a district bridewell is now well kept — though but a brief period ago it was in a neglected and disorderly condition — and it offers, in 2 day-rooms, 2 yards, and 3 cells, sufficient accommodation for the few prisoners who are confined on their way to the county gaol. A dispensary in the town is within the Cavan Poor-law union; and, in 1839-40, it received iC83 I Is., expended £83 13s. 3d., and administered to 1,290 patients. A ^ fever hospital was established 3 or 4 years ago ; but it contained only 5 beds, and was soon discontinued from want of subscriptions. " The insufficiency of subscriptions for the Ballyconnell dispensary, ' says the Report of the Commissioners in 1841, *' and the difficulty of obtaining fever hospital relief, induce a large proportion of the subscribers to advocate such legislation as would insure funds on the principle of the poor rate." Fairs are held on Feb. 13, March 17, May 16, June 24, July 20, Sept. 26, and Oct. 25. For schools, &c., see Tomregan. Area of the town, 75 acres. Pop., in 1831, 453 ; in 1841, 387. Houses 63.

    BALLYCONNELL, a village in the parish of Dromcliffe, barony of Carbery, co. Sligo, Connaught. It stands on the coast near Gessigo Point, and about 9A miles north-west of Sligo. Area, 10 acres. Pop., in 1841,55a. Houses 100.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 152

53. Ballyculter parish church built 1723

    near Ballyculter · parish · Down · 1723–1770

    The parish church of Ballyculter was built in 1723 at an unknown cost, with a steeple added in 1770 at the private expense of Lord Bangor. The church had 400 sittings and attendance ranging from 100 to 300.

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    broad, and presents views which are interesting both from their natural features of landscape and A^m their artificial objects, and their associations with commerce. The demesne of Castle- Ward, the seat of Viscount Bangor, is beautiful in situation, and embellished in culture ; and it so extends along the lake and around the town of Strangford, as to fiing ornament over the most interesting and populous parts of the parish. The village of Bidlyculter and the site of the parish-church are 1^ mile southwest of Strangford. — This parish is a rectory and a separate benefice in the dio. of Down. It was formerly a perpetual curacy, while its rectorial rights and status were appropriated and annexed to Down deanery; but by order m council of 31st Oct., 1834, the rectory was disappropriated from the deanery, and consolidated with the perpetual curacy into a separate benefice. The two townlands of Upper and Lower Rillard, which lie detached from the main body of the parish, *' with the tithe composition and cure of souls thereof, were, by said order* severed from Ballyculter parish, and annexed for ever to the adjoining parish of Kilclief ; and the tithe composition arising from the townlands of Raholpe and Ballintleave in Ballyculter parish, severed from said rectory, and united for ever to the parish of Saul ; providmg, however, that the cure of souls within these townlands shall continue to belong to Ballyculter rectory ; and in lieu of such severance, the three detached townlands of Whitehill. Ballinerry, and Ballinagarick, with the tithe composition arising therefrom, were, by order aforesaid, disunited from Saul parish, and united for ever to the adjoining parish of Ballyculter; annexing, however, at tihe same time, the cure of souls within these townlands to the adjoining parish of Kilclief." Tithe composition, after deducting the portions for Rildief and Saul, and adding the portion from the annexed tOMmlands in Saul, £383 3s. 3fd. Gross income, £386 13s. Id.; nett, £334 Is. 3d. Patron, the Crown. The church was built in 1723, at an unknown coat^ and a steeple was added to it in 1770, at the private expense of Lord Bangor. Sittings 400; attendance, from 100 to 300. A chapel-of-ease, not subject to episcopal jurisdiction, is situated in Strangford ; it was built m 1629, at the private expense of Valentine Payne, Esq., and is now the property of Lord de Roos ; and it is under the care of the paroehiid incumbent, who receives from Lord de Roos a salary of £20 as chaplain. Sittings 150; attendance, from 50 to 100. One Methodist meeting-house has about 6 attendants; and another has from 100 to 120. Two Roman Catholic chapels have each an attendance of from 50 to 100; and, in the Roman CathoUe parochial arrangement, are united to tlM chapel of Bailee. In 1834, the inhabitants of the parish, within its new ecclesiastical limits, consisted of 899 Churchmen, 65 Presbyterians, uid 1,215 Roman Catholics; 4 Sunday schools were avera^ljr attended by from 150 to 170 children ; and an inmnt-sdMK^ supported by the Hon. Mrs. Ward, a parodiial school aided with £25 a-year from Lord Bangor and £5i from the rector ; a boarding, commercial, and damcal school, and a week-day pay-scboo!, had on their books 176 boys and 132 girls.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 152

54. Ballyvaughan fishing village and its quay

    Ballyvaghan · town · Clare · 1829

    Ballyvaughan is a fishing village at the head of Ballyvaughan Bay in the parish of Drumcreehy, Co. Clare. Its villagers erected a quay which fell into extreme disrepair, prompting a local subscription and Fishery Board measures in 1829 for a new quay.

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    parish of Dromcreehy, barony of Burren, co. Clare, Munster. It stands at the head of Bally vaughan bay, a creek of Black Head bay ; and is 4^ miles east-south-east of Black Head promontory, and 5^ west by south of New Quay. Its site is the property of Major MacNamara, M. P. A quay was erected by the villager.*, but fell into a state of ex> treme disrepair. In 1829, a local subscription was offered, aud some measures were adopted by the Fishery Board, for the erection of a suitable quay. The dispensary of Ballyvaughan and New Quay is within the Ennistymon Poor-law union, and serves for a district of 58,427 acres, with 17,395 inhabitants; and, in 1839-40, it received £166, expended £105 17s. 2d., and administered to 1,460 patients. Area of the village, 11 acres. Pop., in 1831, 151 ; in 1841, 235. Houses 35.

    BALLYVELY, a hamlet in the parish of Annagh, barony of Costello, co. Mayo, Connaught. Fairs arc held on May 14, and Oct. 2. Pop. not specially returned.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 153

55. Bandon borough incorporation and charters

    Bandon · town · Cork · 1613–1689

    Bandon was incorporated by charter of 11 James I and received letters-patent of 19 Charles II and a charter of 4 James II. The ancient limits comprised only about 26 acres, extended little beyond 400–500 yards from the bridge, and did not comprehend all the site of the present town.

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    Municipal Affairs.'] — Bandon was incorporated by charter of 11 James L, and received also letterspatent of 19 Charles II., and charter of 4 James IL The ancient limits comprised only about 26 acres, extended in some directions not more than 400 or 500 yards from the bridge, and did not comprehend all the site of the present town. The limits, under the Reform act, comprise an area of 1 mile 1 furlong statute measure, from east to west, and slightly upwards of half-a-mile in mean breadth ; and, excepting a very few houses at the straggling extremities, they include the whole of the existing town, as well as large patches of interspersed add adjacent unedificod ground. The corporation is styled, " The Provost^ Free Burgesses, and CbmoMMuilty of the Borough of Bandon-Bridge ;" and consists, by charter, of a pro^ vo6t, 12 burgesses,. and an unlimited number of freemen. During a long time previous to the passing of the Rieform Act, the corporation was strictly exclusive and Protestant; and for the purpose of preserving it so^ a form of election, applicable even topersons entitled to* the freedom of the borough, was instituted and retained, which required that they should be proposed and seconded in the court of D'Oyer Hundred, a preliminary which any fireeman, who was considered objectionable by the body, could not easily accomplish. A court of record, with, jurisdiction to the extent of £S 6s. 8d., was formerly held, but was discontinued after the passing of the act for preventing arrests of the person for sums under £20. Two manor courts were so- conducted up to the date of the Municipal Corporation Enquiry,, as to induce the Commissioners to say that their '* mode of administering justice appears to prove the necessity of making a thorough alteration in suchjurisdictions." The general quarter-sessions of thepeace for the county are held in the town. Thereis a county bridewell, but no gaol ; and there are sergeants-at-mace, and a party of the county constabulary, but no efficient borough police. The streets of the old borough are repaired at the chaige of the Duke of Devonshire ; who is reimbursed by a poundage of 5 per cent, on the rent reserved in all leases of houses in the old town. The town is assessed by the grand jury of the county. "The corporation," sa^s the Report of the Municipal Corporation Commission, **had formerly, considerable property, in lands granted to- them by the patent of Charles IL ; but they have no copy of it,.ooc da the members seem at all acquainted with its oontents.. Indeed, the ignorance of all the members of the coivporation, both as to the constitution of the bodj^ and every subject relating to its former property and revenue, is very remarkable ; nor do thev seem to* have had anv means of informing themselves' upon the subject,' '* The tolls of the town belong to the Duke of Devonshire, and, from the time of the* determination of the demise of them to the corporation in 1806, were collected by the Duke pursuant to a schedule annexed, until the year 1830, when be suspended the collection of toll in this, as also in all his other towns, until some legislative arrangement of them should be made." Previous to the Reform act, the entire political influence of the borough was wielded by Lord Bandon.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 159

56. Bantry Bay counted among Europe's finest harbours

    near Bantry Bay · bay · Cork

    Bantry Bay extends 24 miles north-eastward into the land and is described as one of the most capacious harbours in Europe. It contains the excellent asylum of Berehaven, ample anchoring ground, and a seaboard of imposing beauty.

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    Cork Harbour— ezdosive of an outer and open seaward sweep, which may be regarded as a sort of outer harbour— enters by a narrow channel of 2 miles in length, and suddenly expands into one of the finest landlocked basins in the world, — a basin capacious enough to accommodate the entire navy of England, and zoned all round with a singularly picturesque though close panorama. Ringabella creek opens on the west side of the outer harbour of Cork, a little north of Cork Head, and possesses a small estuarial character. Robert's Cove, Rocky bay. Oyster haven, and the other indentations between Cork Head and Kinsale Harbour, are generally unsheltered, or afford but slight accommodation. Kinsale Harbour, consisting of the estuary of tibe Bandon river, is not capacious, and has a bar across its entrance with 12 feet of water at ebb tide ; yet it is a safe and excellent port, and, but for the nearness to it of the superb harbour of Cork, could hardly fail to be extensively known to fEune. Courtmacsherry bay, Clonakilty bay, Ross Harbour, Glendore Harbour, Toe bay, and Barlog bay, betweeh the Old Hea^ of Kinsale and the peninsula at the east side of Baltimore Harbour, have aggregately great expanse, and contain some good coves and tolerable anchoring grounds, and possess great scope and value for the fisheries, yet are of only second and third rate importance for the purposes of general navigation and trafiic. Baltimore Harbour, and the large and intricate series of straits, sounds, and coves, which alternate with islands and peninsulas in the archipelago to the west of it, afford complete shelter and comparatively excellent accommodation. Skull Harbour, Ballydelvin bay, Crookhaven, and Barley cove, on the east side of the large peninsula which terminates in Mizen Head, have all considerable claims upon notice ; and Dr. Campbell has remarked upon Crookhaven in particular, that, in any other country than Ireland, or even on any coast except that of the county of Cork, it would be esteemed an admirable port. Dunmanus bay penetrates the land 16 miles north-eastward, is easily entered, and has almost everywhere deep water and good anchorage ; and though exposed across its mouth to the westerly gales, it contains some shelter from them behind some tiny headlands in its interior ; yet, in consequence of the immediate vicinity of Bantry bay, it is practically treated as of no value except for the uses of fishermen. Bantry bay penetrates the land 24 miles north-eastward, is one of the finest and most capacious harbours in Europe, contains the singularly excellent asylum of Berehaven, besides an absolute profusion of good anchoring ground, and boasts a seaboard of exquisite beauty, opulent grandeur, and most imposing power. The small bays in the near vicinity of Crow Head afford little or no shelter ; yet, the narrow sound between the peninsula which it terminates and Dursey Island, contains tolerably good anchoring ground. The Kenmare estuary penetrates the land 29 miles north-eastward to the mouth of the Ruaghty rivulet ; it has almost everywhere clean ground and deep water ; and it contains at least four good coves or harbours, — one about the middle of its north-west side, one near its head, and two near respectively the middle and the seaward end of its south-east side. The tidal current into the mouth of the Kenmare estuary has a rate of only about a mile in the hour ; but at 10 or 12 miles off the mouth, or about 4 miles west of Dursey Island, it runs southward, and has a rate in springs of 3 miles in the hour. Ballinaskelligs bay measures 4^ miles across the entrance, and has nearly a circular outline of about 4^ or 4} miles in diameter ; but it lies open to the south-west ; and, in spite of partial shelter off the mouth, affords little refuge or protection, and is remarkable chiefiy for the wild grandeur of its scenery. St. Finnan's bay, immediately north-north-west of Bolus Head, is an altogether open and iron-bound sweep of thp sea. Valentia Harbour consists in a larger sense of the whole semicircular and comparatively narrow sound between Valentia Island and the mainland, and in a smaller sense of a branch of that sound extending between the islands of Valentia and Inchbeg ; and while, in either sense, it is justly celebrated for its landlocked anchorage, the best in Kerry, it has of kite years become very favourably known in its smaller sense as a proposed terminus of railway from Dublin, and mail-packet station for communicating with New Brunswick. Dingle bay penetrates the land 22 miles east-north-eastward, and is, in a general view, open and dangerous ; yet Ventry Harbour, 5 miles from the seaward end of its ncrth side, is of easy access, and can accommodate the largest ships, but is swept by heavy squalls from the west, — ^Dingle Harbour, 8^ miles from the entrance, and on the same side of the lay, accommodates small coasting-vessels, but places them aground on soft mud at low ^'ater, — and Castkmaine Harbour, at the head of the Lay, extends 8 miles eastward, has a bar with only 9 feet of water across its mouth, is entered by a circuitous, narrow, and intricate channel, and contains well-sheltered interior anchoring ground. The sound between Dunmore Head and the Blasquet Islands is from

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 7

57. Bishopric of Achonry and Cathedral of St. Crumnathy

    Achonry · townland · Sligo · 500

    The Bishopric of Achonry is said to have been founded in the 6th century and was permanently united to the see of Killalla in the early 17th century. The cathedral is simply the parish-church of Achonry, known as the Cathedral Church of St. Crumnathy, with no economy fund.

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    The Bishopric of Achonrt is said to hava been founded in the 6th century. It was permanently united to the see of Killalla in the commencement of the 17th century ; and, along with that see, it was united to the diocese of Tuam by the Eccledastical Reform Act of 1833. The diocese comprehends the greater part of the county of Sligo, and a broad band of the eastern division of Mayo. Its length is 35 miles; its breadth 27; and its area 231,121 acres, 2 roods, 10 perches. Pop., in 1831, 108,144. Its parishes are 25. Its benefices are 9, with a gross aggregate income of £4,429 I4s« 2d., and a nett income of £3,879 6s. 1 l^d. Of iU 9 beneficed clergymen, 5 are reported as resident, and 4 as non-resident ; 3 have no curates, 4 have on^ curate each, and 2 have two curates each. The aggregate stipend of the 8 curates is £000. One of the benefices is in the patronage of the Crown ; and all the others is in that of the diocesan. Appropriate rectorial tithes amount to £147 4s. 8d. ; and impropriate, to £2,791 Is. ll^d. The average gross amount of vestry assessments, for three years preceding 1831 or 1832, was, for church purposes, £578 6s. 2^d., and, for general purposes, £205 lOs. 9|^d. The nett episcopal revenue, in the average or three years, which ended at the close of 1831, was £1,363 18s. 1 Id. The diocesan is patron of th« precentorship, the archdeaconry, and the prebends. The cathedral is simply the parish-church of Achonry; under the name of the Cathedral Church of St. Crumnathy; and it has no economy fund. The chapter consists of a dean, a precentor, an arch« deacon, and the prebendaries of Killaraght, Ballysadere, and Kilmovee ; and it has no corporate residence, no patronage, and, in its corporate capacity, no property. The corps of the deanery consists of th« benefice of Achonry and Cloonoghill with cure, and the rectorial tithes of Killoran and Kilvarnet without cure ; and the additional or separate revenue is £920. The precentor has, in right of his dignity, a separate revenue of £92 6s. Id.; the archdeacon, of £150; the prebendary of Killarasht, of £31 9s. 6d.; and the prebendary of Ballysadere, of £275. The prebena of Kilmovee is merely nominal. There are neither minor canons nor vicars choral. — The Roman Oitholic diocese of Achonry is distributed into 23 parishes ; three of these, Castlemore, Kilcolman, and kilmactigue, are bishop's parishes or the seat of the diocese, and are served by the diocesan and 4 curates ; and the others are served by 22 officiates, and 16 coadjutor officiates. — In 1834, there were in the diocese 1 1 places of worship connected with the Establishment, 2 meeting-houses of Protestant dis« senters, and 33 Roman Catholic chapels ; the inhabitants consisted of 5,417 Churchmen, 143 Presbyterians, 27 other Protestant dissenters, and 108,835 Ronuui Catholics ; and 67 daily schools wholly sup-

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 112

58. Clew Bay's fertile islands and sublime scenery

    near Clew Bay · bay · Mayo

    Clew Bay measures 7½ miles across its entrance and penetrates 17½ miles inland. It is protected by Clare Island and sprinkled with small fertile green islands over 35–37 square miles, combining savage, sublime, and softly beautiful scenery with exceptional richness.

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    Gahray bay, as measured from respectively Black Head, the middle of the Arran Islands, and the uttermost of the flanking islets on the north side of the entrance, penetrates the land to the extent of 16, of 31, and of 42 miles ; it has, within Black Head, a mean breadth of about 7^ miles ; it abounds in useful inlets on the south and across the head ; it has recently acquired a very superior artificial harbour at the town of Galway ; and, though low and tame on the northern seaboard, and unindented in outline along a large proportion of the north side, it possesses, in its soathem and eastern shores, in the Arran islands across its entranoe, in part of its northern seaboard, and in the intricate intermixture of islets and peninsuhe near its head, a very large amount of opulent landscape. Spring and neap tides rise in the bay rei^pectively 16^ and 7 feet ; and the tidal current near the north shore and opposite Black Head flows at the rate of about a mile in the hour. The bays, sounds, and estuaries of a character eminently adapted to usefulness, from Cashleh bay on the north side of Galway bay opposite to the Arran Islands, round to Killery Harbour, on the boundary between co. Galway and co. Mayo, are so numerous, so ramified, and in fact of such incessant occurrence, that we had not space for a due general notice of them even in the article Cunkkmara [which see] ; yet eminently good though these harbours are, particularly those of Kilkerrin, Birterbuy, Roundstone, and Ardbear, they are rarely visited by any craft except fishing vessels, turf-boats, a few small coasting vessels^ and occasional revenue cutters. Most of the Cunnemara marine inlets, and especially the wondrous inlet of Killery between Galway and >Iayo, present the most powerful and gorgeous combinations of Highland landscape,— such as, with few exceptions, rivals the best and excels a large proportion on the western and northern coasts of Scotland. Clew bay measures 7^ miles across the entrance, and penetrates the land to the extent of 17^ miles ; it is protected across the mouth by Clare Island, and multitudinously sprinkled, over a space of 35 or 37 square miles at the head, with small fertile green islands ; it pcMBoescs in the sounds among these islands, and in small inlets at its head, some good harbours ; and, in the scenery of its shores and sur£EU», it combines the savage, the sublime, and the softly beautiful with more richness and effect than probably any other sheet of either salt or fr^sh water in the three kingdoms, excepting the celebrated Loch Lomond in Scotland. The tidal stream off C3ew bay, and over a great extent of the adjacent coast, sets due north ; and the current, at the distance of 16 miles due west from Aclull Head, runs at (he rate of 3^ miles in the hour. Blacksod bay, with its ramifications of Blacksod Harbour, Tulloghaan bay, and Achill Sound, has aggregately a great extent, considerable ramifications, important fishing-harbours, and good deep anchoring groonds ; but it wants sufficiency of shelter, and washes too poor shores, to be ever of much subserviency to commerce. The tidal current, in setting northward across the mouth of Blacksod bay, runs at the rate of only one mile in the hour. Broadhaven, between Erris Head and Benwce Head, is capacious but open to the north over one-half of its extent, and narrow and shallow over the other half ; yet it contains sheltered anchoring ground, and might be made of great value in a leas poor and remote country. The marine indentations between Ben wee Head and Downpatrick Head are so small and ironbound as hardly, in any other instances than those of Bealderrig and Banatrahar, to afford even the most slender shelter to fishing-boats. Killalla bay, or the estuary of the Hoy, is capacious but s\ allow and encumbered with sandbanks ; yet it carries up a comparatively large amount of sh' iping toward Ballina, and has been proposed as one of three great ■larine outlets for a system a interior and very ramified navigation, whose other marine outlets

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 7

59. Clodagh stream's picturesque falls in Charleville demesne

    Annagh · townland · Mayo

    Annagh lake, straddling the boundary of Queen's County and King's County, sends its surplus waters via the Clodagh stream, which makes picturesque falls within the demesne of the Earl of Charleville before joining the Brusna river.

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    ANNAGH, a small lake on the boundary between the barony of Tinnehinch, Queen's co., and the baronies of Geasbil and Ballybay, King's co., Leinster. Area, 207 acres, 1 rood, 14 perches. It is situated about 6 miles south of Tullaroore, and 7 north-west of Mountmellick. It receives the drainage of about 4,000 acres of bog ; and sends off its superfluent waters by the Clodagh, a stream which makes some picturesque falls within the demesne of the Earl of Charlevitle, and after a north -easterly run of 15 miles falls into the Brusna, 2 miles below Ballycumber. The lake is, for the most part, only from 5 to 8 feet deep ; and it has in general a boggy bottom, interspersed with innumerable roots of trees.

    ANNAGH. a village in the barony of Orrery and Kilmore, co. Cork, Munster. It stands on one of the head-streams of the river Awbeg, on the road between Liscarrol and Charlcville, 2 miles northeast of Liscarrol, and 5 south-west of Charleville. Most of its site and the whole of a large tract of country immediately circumjacent, were anciently a wet and dismal bog, and were, at great expense, drained, reclaimed, and charmingly transmuted into corn-fields and forest. A fortalice stood on the village's site; and, from its position in the centre of the morass, was deemed impregnable. In the wars of 1641, it was garrisoned during four years, at the expense of Sir Philip Perceval, Bart. ; but, in 1845, Lord Castleconnel, who then commanded the Irish army, 5,000 strong, captured it by treachery, and pat the whole of its garrison to the sword. His motive for so sanguinary a deed is said to have been revenue for Sir Philip Perceval's having refused him hit daughter in marriage previous to the commencement of the war. About the middle of last century, the Earl of Egmont, to whom the property belonged, destroyed the castle, built the village, and introduced to the quondam scene of carnage the peaceful and profitable arts of the linen manufacture. Pop., not specially returned.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 112

60. Clonbrock and Castlegar demesnes in Ahascragh parish

    Ahascragh · town · Galway

    The parish of Ahascragh features the beautiful mansions and demesnes of Clonbrock and Castlegar, which relieve and embellish an otherwise tame landscape of bog, meadow, and arable ground.

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    AH ASCRAGH, a parish in the baronies of Kil- Uan, Kilconnel, and Clonmacnoon, co. Gal way. Connaught. The Kilconnel section contains the town of Ahascbagh : see next article. Length, 4 miles ; breadth, 3 ; area of the Rillian section, 8,250 acres ; of the Kilconnel section, 2,776; of the Clonmacnoon section, 6,316 acres. Pop. of the whole, in 1831, 5.221 ; in 1841, 5,38U. Houses 625. Pop. of the Killian section, in 1831, 1,333; in 1841, 1,347. Houses 204. Pop. of the rural districts of the Kilconnel section, in 1831, 79a; in 1841, 902. Houses 141. Pop. of the Clonmacnoon section, in la^l, 2,244; in 1841, 2,356. Houses 369. The surface is all low and level, or diversified with but gentle swells and undulations. Tracts of bog, of irrigated meadow, of good arable ground, and of luxuriant plantation, are so curiously interplaced as to look almost like a piece of huge Mosaic work. About two>thirds of the whole are good either for cultivated pasture or for cereal crops ; and most of the other third yields either the produce of the forest, or fuel for the peasants* hearth. The beautiful mansions and demesnes of Clonbrock and Castlegar completely relieve, and go fiir to embellish, what might, without them, be a tame and almost irksome landscape. See Clonbrock and Castlegar. Marl, in very large quantity, but of inferior qualit]^, occurs between the town of Ahascragh and Lowville. In the Kilconnel section is the village of Killeen ; and in the Clonmacnoon section are the villages of Cour-

    namucklaand Kilglass ^^Tbis parish is a rectory, and

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 112