Pictorial and descriptive guide to the Lakes of Killarney, Glengariff, and south-west Ireland, including a guide to Cork.

Each story keeps the passage it was read from. Open one to read it as the scan has it, and, where the companion has written its own telling, that too. The passages are read off photographs of the page by machine, so a word here and there comes out wrong; they are kept as the reading produced them, so you can check any of them against the scan.

1. Derrynane, home of Daniel O'Connell

   Derrynane · street · Limerick

   Derrynane is an irregular, partly castellated pile of buildings on the shore of Derrynane Bay, noteworthy as the home of Daniel O'Connell and occupied by his descendants. The chapel within the building and some interesting relics can be seen by courtesy of the proprietor.

   Read the passage

   Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

   noteworthy as the home of Daniel O'Connell, and now occupied by his descendants. It is an irregular pile of buildings, partly castellated, and the grounds improved with shrubberies and plantations, so far as the situation, so much exposed to westerly gales, will allow. The chapel in the building and some interesting relics can be seen by the courtesy of the proprietor. The ruins of Derrynane Abbey stand on a peninsula, which at spring-tides becomes isolated. Though the monastery is said to have been founded in the seventh century by the monks of St. Fin Barre, the remains are not older than the thirteenth. Here is the family grave of the O'Connells, but " the great agitator's " remains repose beneath a lofty round tower in the Glasnevin Cemetery at Dublin. Close to Derrynane is a small, but snug, harbour, with a diminutive quay at which vessels of two hundred tons burthen may discharge their cargoes. Near Caherdaniel, the adjoining hamlet, is a small stone fort. We presently reach West Cove, on the northern shore of the Kenmare estuary, and then Castle Cove. A mile and a half up the valley on the left is —

   *42

   Internet Archive pictorialdescrip00ward_0, Chapter 65

   As the companion tells it

   Derrynane is the home of Daniel O'Connell, and is now occupied by his descendants. It is an irregular pile of buildings, partly castellated, standing on the shore of Derrynane Bay. The grounds have been improved with shrubberies and plantations, so far as the situation, so much exposed to westerly gales, will allow. A chapel within the building and some interesting relics can be seen by the courtesy of the proprietor. The ruins of Derrynane Abbey stand on a peninsula which at spring tides becomes isolated. Though the monastery is said to have been founded in the 7th century by the monks of St. Fin Barre, the remains are not older than the 13th century. The family grave of the O'Connells is at the abbey, but Daniel O'Connell's remains repose beneath a lofty round tower in the Glasnevin Cemetery at Dublin. Close to Derrynane is a small but snug harbour, with a diminutive quay at which vessels of 200 tons burthen may discharge their cargoes. Near Caherdaniel, the adjoining hamlet, is a small stone fort.

2. James II shelters at Lismore Castle

   Lismore · town · Waterford · 1689

   After being captured and burnt during the Civil War of the seventeenth century, Lismore Castle was rebuilt. In 1689 it gave shelter for a night to James II as he fled from the Battle of the Boyne toward Waterford.

   Read the passage

   Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

   The Castle was founded in 1185 by Prince John, the son of Henry II, and four years later was almost destroyed by the natives. By whom the damage was repaired is unknown, but the restored building was long held by the Bishops of Lismore and served them as a residence. In 1587 it passed into the possession of Sir Walter Raleigh, and some fifteen years later was sold by him to Richard Boyle, afterwards first Earl of Cork, by whom it was rebuilt. In 1627 the earl's youngest and famous son, Robert Boyle, was born within its walls. During the Civil War of the seventeenth century it was captured and burnt, but ten years after its destruction was rebuilt, and in 1689 gave shelter for a night to James II, when he was fleeing from the Boyne to Waterford. On the death of the last Earl of Cork, in the middle of the eighteenth century, it became the property of the fourth Duke of Devonshire through his marriage with the earl's daughter, and was practically rebuilt by the sixth duke.

   At the eastern angle of the river front is the Tower of King James, so called from its having afforded brief shelter to that sovereign. In the rear of this is King John's Tower, said to have been the scene of the first parliament held in Ireland under the presidency of that prince. At the western angle of the river face rises the Carlisle Tower, named after the Earl of Carlisle, Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland in the middle of the nineteenth century, by whom the foundation stone was laid. The drawing-room is renowned for the loveliness of the view from the great bay window.

   Internet Archive pictorialdescrip00ward_0, Chapter 33

   As the companion tells it

   Lismore is a town the road passes through. The castle here was founded in 1185 by Prince John, the son of Henry II, and four years later was almost destroyed by the natives. Who repaired the damage is not known, but the restored building was long held by the Bishops of Lismore and served them as a residence. In 1587 it passed into the possession of Sir Walter Raleigh, and some fifteen years later was sold by him to Richard Boyle, afterwards first Earl of Cork, who rebuilt it. In 1627 the earl's youngest and famous son, Robert Boyle, was born within its walls. During the Civil War of the seventeenth century the castle was captured and burnt. Ten years after its destruction it was rebuilt, and in 1689 it gave shelter for a night to James II, when he was fleeing from the Boyne to Waterford. At the eastern angle of the river front is the Tower of King James, so called from its having afforded brief shelter to that sovereign. In the rear of this is King John's Tower, said to have been the scene of the first parliament held in Ireland under the presidency of that prince. At the western angle of the river face rises the Carlisle Tower, named after the Earl of Carlisle, Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland in the middle of the nineteenth century, who laid the foundation stone. On the death of the last Earl of Cork, in the middle of the eighteenth century, the castle became the property of the fourth Duke of Devonshire through his marriage with the earl's daughter, and was practically rebuilt by the sixth duke.

3. Mutiny of the Temeraire at Bantry Bay

   near Bantry Bay · bay · Cork

   The crew of the Temeraire, the old battleship of Turner's famous painting, mutinied at Bantry Bay. Admiral Eyles had twenty ringleaders seized and taken to Spithead, where thirteen were hung from the yard-arm.

   Read the passage

   Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

   It was here that the crew of the Temeraire (the old battleship of Turner's famous painting) mutinied ; but the firmness of Admiral Eyles probably saved his own life and the lives of his officers. He had twenty of the ringleaders seized and taken to Spithead, where thirteen of them were hung from the yard-arm.

   Whiddy Island,

   Internet Archive pictorialdescrip00ward_0, Chapter 76

   As the companion tells it

   Bantry Bay was where the crew of the Temeraire, the old battleship of Turner's famous painting, mutinied. Admiral Eyles had twenty of the ringleaders seized and taken to Spithead, where thirteen of them were hung from the yard-arm.

4. Raleigh's Myrtle Grove and first potatoes

   Youghal · town · Cork · 1579–1589

   Myrtle Grove, adjoining the churchyard, belonged to Sir Walter Raleigh as part of a grant rewarding him for repressing the Desmond rebellion of 1579. While residing there he planted the first potatoes in Ireland, brought from Virginia, and startled his domestics by smoking tobacco. He was mayor of the town in 1588-9.

   Read the passage

   Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

   which belonged to Sir Walter Raleigh, having formed part of a grant of land with which he was rewarded for repressing the rebellion of the Earl of Desmond in 1579. It was while residing here that Raleigh planted the first potatoes in Ireland, having brought some from Virginia, and also startled his domestics by smoking tobacco. He was mayor of the

   64 YOUGHAL TO CAPPOQUIN

   Internet Archive pictorialdescrip00ward_0, Chapter 30

   As the companion tells it

   Youghal has Myrtle Grove, which belonged to Sir Walter Raleigh as part of a grant rewarding him for repressing the rebellion of the Earl of Desmond in 1579. While living there he planted the first potatoes in Ireland, brought from Virginia, and startled his domestics by smoking tobacco. He was mayor of the town in 1588 and 1589.

5. Castletownshend castle and naval engagement

   Castletownshend · town · Cork · 1602–1690

   Castletownshend, of old known as Sleugleig, derives its name and that of the bay from a strong castle of the Townsends, twice besieged in vain by followers of King James during the struggle culminating in the Battle of the Boyne. In 1602 the harbour was the scene of a naval engagement between Spaniards under Don Pedro de Zuibar and the British fleet commanded by Sir Richard Levison.

   Read the passage

   Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

   Toe Head, to the eastward of the lough, commands a singularly beautiful scene. The Stags, three rocks of unusual height, are between us and the land, and the ocean is flecked with small islets, around which the sea dances and sparkles in the sunlight. The head terminates the western promontory which shuts in Castle Haven, at the head o,f: which is Castletownshend (several Inns), of old known as Sleugleig, its modern name and that of the bay being derived from a strong castle belonging to the Townsends, twice besieged in vain by the followers of King James during the struggle which culminated in the battle of the Boyne. In 1602, the harbour was the scene of a naval engagement between the Spaniards, under Don Pedro de Zuibar, and the British fleet, commanded by Sir Richard Levison.

   Unionhall and Glandore are picturesquely situated on either side of the far-reaching islet known as Glandore Harbour. Dean Swift lived for a period at Unionhall. Glandore would make a charming winter resort for invalids, the climate being noticeably mild, though this characteristic distinguishes more or less the whole of the south-west of Ireland.

   Internet Archive pictorialdescrip00ward_0, Chapter 77

   As the companion tells it

   Up ahead is Castletownshend, a town on the head of Castle Haven. Toe Head, eastward of the lough, commands a singularly beautiful scene, and three rocks of unusual height called the Stags stand between the water and the land. The ocean is flecked with small islets, around which the sea dances and sparkles in the sunlight. A western promontory terminates at the head and shuts in Castle Haven, and at its head is Castletownshend, of old known as Sleugleig. The modern name of the town and of the bay comes from a strong castle belonging to the Townsends. Followers of King James besieged that castle twice, in vain, during the struggle that culminated in the battle of the Boyne. Earlier, in 1602, the harbour was the scene of a naval engagement between the Spaniards under Don Pedro de Zuibar and the British fleet commanded by Sir Richard Levison. There are several inns in the town.

6. Early monastery on Skellig Michael devastated by Danes

   near Skellig Rock Great · townland · Kerry · 812

   The Great Skellig held an early monastery whose ruins were still visible. The Danes devastated the island in 812, and the monks were starved in their cells.

   Read the passage

   Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

   about nine miles from Bolus Head, the southern cape of county Kerry, and some twelve to the south-west of Bray Head. They are the favourite haunt of sea-birds, notably gannets ; at times, indeed, they are nearly covered with them. The larger island is an enormous mass of slaty rock, divided, at the height of about fifty yards, into two pyramidal summits, the higher of which reaches an altitude of some 700 feet ; the other is 100 feet lower. In early times there was a monastery here, the ruins of which may still be seen ; but the island was devastated by the Danes in 812, and the monks were starved in their cells. Until recently, the island was a place of penance, and was annually visited by great numbers of devotees, who climbed the highest summits, stopping at various stations and performing orisons at each. Two lighthouses were erected on the island in 1826 and are connected by a road along the face of the cliff.

   Cahirciveen to Parknasilla.

   Internet Archive pictorialdescrip00ward_0, Chapter 64

   As the companion tells it

   Close to Skellig Rock Great lies the Great Skellig, an enormous mass of slaty rock, divided at about fifty yards into two pyramidal summits. The higher reaches some 700 feet; the other is 100 feet lower. It is a favourite haunt of sea-birds, notably gannets, and at times they nearly cover it. In early times there was a monastery here, the ruins of which may still be seen. The island was devastated by the Danes in 812, and the monks were starved in their cells. Until recently the island was a place of penance, annually visited by great numbers of devotees, who climbed the highest summits, stopping at various stations and performing orisons at each. Two lighthouses were erected on the island in 1826 and are connected by a road along the face of the cliff.

7. French invasion fleet at Bantry Bay, 1796

   near Bantry Bay · bay · Cork · 1796

   In 1796 a French armament of about 15,000 men intended for the invasion of Ireland gathered in Bantry Bay as rendezvous but was scattered by a storm, losing a quarter of its ships. The remnant stayed five days before sailing back to France, and the government erected fortifications at Bantry to prevent future surprise.

   Read the passage

   Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

   inferior in force, were compelled to sail out again, after a brisk engagement. In 1796, the French, with about fifteen thousand men intended for the invasion of Ireland, again put to sea, appointing Bantry Bay as their rendezvous. Scattered by a storm, in which one-fourth of the ships were lost, only a remnant of the armament reached the Irish coast ; and General Hoche, the commander-in-chief, not having joined them, the vessels which had cast anchor did not deem it prudent to disembark their forces. Having lost an oppor-

   164

   Internet Archive pictorialdescrip00ward_0, Chapter 76

   As the companion tells it

   Bantry Bay is the great bay the road passes near in County Cork. In 1796, the French sent an armament of about 15,000 men to invade Ireland, and chose Bantry Bay as their rendezvous. A storm scattered the fleet and a quarter of the ships were lost. Only a remnant reached the coast. General Hoche, the commander-in-chief, had not joined them, and the vessels that anchored did not think it prudent to disembark. They stayed five days, then sailed back to France. The government then built fortifications at Bantry to prevent future surprise.

8. Raleigh and the forfeited Desmond property

   Dromana · townland · Waterford · 1579–1603

   Raleigh received a grant from the forfeited Desmond property after the rebellion of the sixteenth earl in 1579. He was obligated to plant it with English families but excused his non-fulfilment by noting the old Countess of Desmond still occupied the castle and demesne for her jointure.

   Read the passage

   Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

   She was born in the reign of Edward IV, and lived far into the reign of James I. The tradition, preserved by the Earl of Leicester, is that her life was ended by accident. " She must needs," says he, " climb a nut-tree to gather nuts ; so, falling down, she hurt her thigh, which brought a fever and that brought death." She was the second wife of the twelfth Earl of Desmond, a family of such immense possessions and influence that it could place 5,000 or 6,000 men in the field. The Countess was personally known to Raleigh, who received a grant out of the Desmond property, which had been forfeited by the rebellion of the sixteenth earl, in 1579. Raleigh was under an obligation to plant it with English families, and we find him excusing himself for the nonfulfilment of this engagement by saying, " There remaynes unto me but an old castle and demayne which are yet in the occupation of the old Countess of Desmond for her jointure."

   Tourin Castle lies on the left bank, whilst on the right are the massive mountains of Knockmealdown, and we can distinguish in the distance the spire of the abbey on Mount Melleray. From Camphire to Cappoquin is considered by many the finest part of the river. The many islets add greatly to the picturesqueness of the waterway. In the grounds attached to Affane House, a short distance up the Finish (right), Raleigh is said to have planted the first cherry tree seen in Ireland, being one that he brought from the Canary Isles.

   Internet Archive pictorialdescrip00ward_0, Chapter 31

   As the companion tells it

   Close to Dromana, Raleigh received a grant from the Desmond property, forfeited after the sixteenth earl's rebellion in 1579. He was obligated to plant the land with English families, but he excused his failure to fulfil this by saying there remained to him but an old castle and demesne, yet in the occupation of the old Countess of Desmond for her jointure. She was born in the reign of Edward IV and lived far into the reign of James I. The tradition, preserved by the Earl of Leicester, is that her life was ended by accident. He said she must needs climb a nut-tree to gather nuts, and falling down, she hurt her thigh, which brought a fever, and that brought death. She was the second wife of the twelfth Earl of Desmond, a family of such immense possessions and influence that it could place 5,000 or 6,000 men in the field. The Countess was personally known to Raleigh. Raleigh is also said to have planted the first cherry tree seen in Ireland, in the grounds attached to Affane House, a short distance up the Finish. He brought it from the Canary Isles. From Camphire to Cappoquin is considered by many the finest part of the river, with many islets adding to the picturesqueness of the waterway.

9. Robert Boyle born at Lismore Castle

   Lismore · town · Waterford · 1627

   In 1627 the famous scientist Robert Boyle, youngest son of the first Earl of Cork, was born within the walls of Lismore Castle during the Boyle family's ownership of the estate.

   Read the passage

   Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

   The Castle was founded in 1185 by Prince John, the son of Henry II, and four years later was almost destroyed by the natives. By whom the damage was repaired is unknown, but the restored building was long held by the Bishops of Lismore and served them as a residence. In 1587 it passed into the possession of Sir Walter Raleigh, and some fifteen years later was sold by him to Richard Boyle, afterwards first Earl of Cork, by whom it was rebuilt. In 1627 the earl's youngest and famous son, Robert Boyle, was born within its walls. During the Civil War of the seventeenth century it was captured and burnt, but ten years after its destruction was rebuilt, and in 1689 gave shelter for a night to James II, when he was fleeing from the Boyne to Waterford. On the death of the last Earl of Cork, in the middle of the eighteenth century, it became the property of the fourth Duke of Devonshire through his marriage with the earl's daughter, and was practically rebuilt by the sixth duke.

   At the eastern angle of the river front is the Tower of King James, so called from its having afforded brief shelter to that sovereign. In the rear of this is King John's Tower, said to have been the scene of the first parliament held in Ireland under the presidency of that prince. At the western angle of the river face rises the Carlisle Tower, named after the Earl of Carlisle, Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland in the middle of the nineteenth century, by whom the foundation stone was laid. The drawing-room is renowned for the loveliness of the view from the great bay window.

   Internet Archive pictorialdescrip00ward_0, Chapter 33

   As the companion tells it

   Lismore, in County Waterford, is the town where Robert Boyle was born in 1627, within the walls of Lismore Castle. He was the youngest son of Richard Boyle, the first Earl of Cork, and he became one of the most famous scientists of his age. The castle itself goes back much further. Prince John, son of Henry II, founded it in 1185, and four years later it was almost destroyed by the natives. Who repaired the damage is not known, but the restored building was long held by the Bishops of Lismore and served them as a residence. In 1587 it passed to Sir Walter Raleigh. Some fifteen years later Raleigh sold it to Richard Boyle, who rebuilt the castle and became the first Earl of Cork. During the Civil War of the seventeenth century the castle was captured and burnt. Ten years after its destruction it was rebuilt again. In 1689 it gave shelter for a night to James II, when he was fleeing from the Boyne to Waterford. On the death of the last Earl of Cork, in the middle of the eighteenth century, the castle became the property of the fourth Duke of Devonshire through his marriage with the earl's daughter, and was practically rebuilt by the sixth duke. At the eastern angle of the river front stands the Tower of King James, so called because it gave that sovereign brief shelter. Behind it is King John's Tower, said to have been the scene of the first parliament held in Ireland under the presidency of that prince. At the western angle rises the Carlisle Tower, named after the Earl of Carlisle, Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland in the middle of the nineteenth century, who laid its foundation stone. The drawing room is renowned for the loveliness of the view from the great bay window.

10. Ross Castle siege: prophecy and surrender to Ludlow

    Ross Castle · castle · Kerry · 1652

    Ross Castle was defended by Lord Muskerry until General Ludlow brought 4,000 troops against it. The garrison surrendered after Ludlow launched boats on the lake, fulfilling an ancient prophecy that the castle would be impregnable until surrounded by ships of war.

    Read the passage

    Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

    finally reduced until 1652. Ross Castle was then defended by Lord Muskerry ; and General Ludlow brought a force of 4,000 horse and foot against it. The great strength of the place and the difficulty of attacking it would probably have tested the endurance of the Parliamentary troops had not the garrison been intimidated by an ancient prophecy that the castle would be impregnable until it was surrounded by ships of war. With characteristic energy, Ludlow caused some boats to be dragged up from Castlemaine and launched on the lake. Their appearance, filled with soldiers and

    INNISFA LLEN io3

    Internet Archive pictorialdescrip00ward_0, Chapter 51

    As the companion tells it

    In 1652, Ross Castle in Kerry was defended by Lord Muskerry, when General Ludlow brought 4,000 horse and foot against it. The strength of the place and the difficulty of attacking it would probably have tested the endurance of the Parliamentary troops, had the garrison not been intimidated by an ancient prophecy that the castle would be impregnable until it was surrounded by ships of war. With characteristic energy, Ludlow caused some boats to be dragged up from Castlemaine and launched on the lake. Their appearance, filled with soldiers, brought the garrison to surrender.

11. Lough Hyne castle ruins and children's graveyard

    near Lough Hyne · lake or lakes · Cork

    About four miles from Skibbereen, Lough Hyne is a marine cul-de-sac with a narrow inlet from the sea. An islet in the centre holds ruins of an old castle of the O'Donnells, and on the shore is a graveyard devoted exclusively to the burial of children, found nowhere but in Ireland.

    Read the passage

    Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

    Skibbereen is a town of about 3,000 inhabitants, standing at the spot where the Hen widens out to form the creek. The town is unattractive, and has suffered severely during successive famines. A walk or drive that should not be missed is that to Lough Hyne (about 4 miles), a kind of marine cul de sac, with a very narrow inlet from the sea. The country is wild and desolate in the extreme, but the immediate surroundings of the lough are picturesque. In the centre is an islet, on which are the ruins of an old castle of the O'Donnells ; and on the shore is one of those graveyards devoted exclusively to the burial of children to be found nowhere but in Ireland.

    Toe Head, to the eastward of the lough, commands a singularly beautiful scene. The Stags, three rocks of unusual height, are between us and the land, and the ocean is flecked with small islets, around which the sea dances and sparkles in the sunlight. The head terminates the western promontory which shuts in Castle Haven, at the head o,f: which is Castletownshend (several Inns), of old known as Sleugleig, its modern name and that of the bay being derived from a strong castle belonging to the Townsends, twice besieged in vain by the followers of King James during the struggle which culminated in the battle of the Boyne. In 1602, the harbour was the scene of a naval engagement between the Spaniards, under Don Pedro de Zuibar, and the British fleet, commanded by Sir Richard Levison.

    Internet Archive pictorialdescrip00ward_0, Chapter 77

    As the companion tells it

    You are coming near Lough Hyne, about four miles from Skibbereen. The town of Skibbereen, with about 3,000 inhabitants, stands where the Hen widens out to form the creek. It has suffered severely during successive famines, and the guide calls it unattractive. The walk or drive from there to this lough should not be missed. Lough Hyne is a kind of marine cul-de-sac, with a very narrow inlet from the sea. The country around is wild and desolate in the extreme, but the immediate surroundings of the lough are picturesque. In the centre of the lake is an islet, on which are the ruins of an old castle of the O'Donnells. On the shore is a graveyard devoted exclusively to the burial of children, found nowhere but in Ireland.

12. Perkin Warbeck and Cork's Lost Charter

    Cork · city · Cork · 1492

    When Perkin Warbeck arrived in 1492, the citizens of Cork enthusiastically supported his cause. Mayor Walters took a leading role in the expedition and was executed, and Cork lost its charter as a consequence.

    Read the passage

    Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

    what was far worse, their own money The English Parliament went the length of calling the Cork coinage utterly damned," an outbreak of temper which was perhaps excusable, but not deified. The Cork people of those day seem to have possessed a genius for aggravation for, ^ while declining to send representatives to Parliament they turned deaf ears to the solicitations of the tax gatherer on the ground that they had had no share in voting the taxes When Perkin Warbeck came in 1492, the citizens embraced his cause with ardour, and the mayor, Walters, was rash enough to take a leading part in the expedition, losing his head in the unhappy sequel. What was of more importance, Cork lost its charter ; and, being still suspect, was invested in H98 by the Earl of Kildare with a strong orce when every individual inhabitant was compelled to swear fealty to Henry VII. When it was intend ed to ] proc aim Tames I, the mayor took upon himself to ask the Lords Commissioners what were the king's intentions m the matter of freedom of conscience, and failing to obtain a satisfactory answer clapt "my lords" into Shandon Castle, pending furtner information. When it was found that James was not their man, the citizens declined to permit the proclamation, and it required the Lord Deputy himself and a large army to bring them to reason.

    In 1600, Camden describes the city as « of an oval figure, surrounded by walls, environed and intersected by the river which is passable only by bridges, and consists of one .strait street continued by a bridge ; it is, however a little trading town of great resort, but so beset by rebellious neighbours as to require a constant watch, as if continually besieged

    Internet Archive pictorialdescrip00ward_0, Chapter 18

    As the companion tells it

    The city of Cork has a long memory of defiance. Its people once refused to send representatives to Parliament, and turned a deaf ear to the tax gatherer, on the ground that they had had no share in voting the taxes. The English Parliament went so far as to call the city's coinage

13. Royal ascent of Carran Tual, 1858

    near Carrauntoohil · mountain or mountain range · Kerry · 1858

    The King, then Prince of Wales (later Edward VII), ascended Carran Tual during his 1858 visit to Killarney and placed the first stone of the summit cairn, which visitors subsequently added to.

    Read the passage

    Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

    The King, during his visit to Killarney in 1858, went up Carran Tual ; and we will follow in the steps of royalty and order our ponies to the foot of the mountain, early enough, however, to allow them a good rest there, for it is fifteen miles from Killarney. The road leads away by the northern shore of the Lower Lake, crosses the river Laune "east of Dunloe Castle, passes the entrance to the Gap, and gradually winds amongst the mountains. We have Carran continually in sight ; and judging distance by the eye alone, should never suppose it so far away. At the base of the mountain, about five miles from the top, we reach a cottage built for the accommodation of visitors ; and here our ponies await us. All the guides of the place assert their exclusive right to " show the gintleman up," and to tell him the legends. It is better to hire one or two of these wild, hardy, ragged fellows ; though they may be in rags they will not covet the coat they are entrusted to carry, nor, however hungry, will they disturb the viands confided to their care.

    We now commence the ascent, the shock-headed guides, laden with coats and knapsacks and armed with cudgels, leading. The path is not difficult, though rugged in places, and strewn with coarse stones. Continuing for about three miles, we reach an exceedingly lonely glen, whence the mountain rises almost precipitously, and makes it necessary for us to dismount. This is called the Hag's Glen, and here are two gloomy lakelets where the hag is said to bathe and wash her clothes. The guide will show one of her teeth, and point out her chair and her crutch — all fantastic rocks. But the path becomes steeper and more steep, and not all our guide's wit can prevent the feeling that our work is tough. After an hour and a half's scrambling, we reach the summit, crowned by a little cairn, the first stone of which was placed by the King, then Prince of Wales ; and having emulated

    Internet Archive pictorialdescrip00ward_0, Chapter 47

    As the companion tells it

    Carrauntoohil is the mountain in Kerry that you are passing near. In 1858, during his visit to Killarney, the Prince of Wales, later King Edward VII, ascended to its summit and placed the first stone of a little cairn. Visitors after him added to it. The guidebook of the time invited travellers to follow in the steps of royalty. The road from Killarney led away by the northern shore of the Lower Lake, crossed the river Laune east of Dunloe Castle, passed the entrance to the Gap, and wound among the mountains. The mountain stayed in sight the whole way, always looking closer than it was. At its base, about five miles from the top, stood a cottage built for visitors, where ponies waited. The guides of the place claimed their exclusive right to “show the gintleman up” and to tell him the legends. They were wild, hardy, ragged fellows, but they would not covet the coat they carried, nor disturb the food entrusted to their care. Laden with coats and knapsacks and armed with cudgels, they led the way up a path that was rugged but not difficult, strewn with coarse stones. About three miles in, the route reached a lonely glen called the Hag's Glen, where the mountain rose almost precipitously. Two gloomy lakelets lay there, where the hag was said to bathe and wash her clothes. The guide would show one of her teeth, and point out her chair and her crutch, all fantastic rocks. The path grew steeper, and after an hour and a half of scrambling, the summit appeared, crowned by the little cairn whose first stone the King had placed.

14. Skellig Michael as a place of penance and pilgrimage

    near Skellig Rock Great · townland · Kerry

    Until recently the island was a place of penance, annually visited by great numbers of devotees who climbed the highest summits, stopping at various stations to perform orisons. The tradition reflects the island's long sacred associations.

    Read the passage

    Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

    about nine miles from Bolus Head, the southern cape of county Kerry, and some twelve to the south-west of Bray Head. They are the favourite haunt of sea-birds, notably gannets ; at times, indeed, they are nearly covered with them. The larger island is an enormous mass of slaty rock, divided, at the height of about fifty yards, into two pyramidal summits, the higher of which reaches an altitude of some 700 feet ; the other is 100 feet lower. In early times there was a monastery here, the ruins of which may still be seen ; but the island was devastated by the Danes in 812, and the monks were starved in their cells. Until recently, the island was a place of penance, and was annually visited by great numbers of devotees, who climbed the highest summits, stopping at various stations and performing orisons at each. Two lighthouses were erected on the island in 1826 and are connected by a road along the face of the cliff.

    Cahirciveen to Parknasilla.

    Internet Archive pictorialdescrip00ward_0, Chapter 64

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere close to Skellig Rock Great lies a great mass of slaty rock rising from the sea, split into two pyramidal summits, the higher reaching about 700 feet and the other 100 feet lower. Gannets gather there in such numbers that at times they nearly cover it. In early times a monastery stood on the island, and its ruins may still be seen. The Danes devastated it in 812, and the monks were starved in their cells. Until recently, the island was a place of penance. Great numbers of devotees visited it each year, climbing the highest summits, stopping at various stations and performing orisons at each. Two lighthouses were built on the island in 1826, connected by a road cut along the face of the cliff.

15. Bog-slide at Bogach-na-Mine near Rathmore

    Rathmore · townland · Cork · 1896

    At Christmas 1896, a massive bog-slide occurred near Quarry Lodge north of Rathmore station. The bog known as Bogach-na-Mine, some two hundred acres in extent, rolled bodily southward, sweeping away houses and suffocating some of their occupants.

    Read the passage

    Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

    The direct line to Killarney runs due west from Mallow, following the course of the Blackwater. There are five intermediate stations, but we only need notice those of Rathmore and Headford, the latter because it is the junction of the Kenmare branch (see p. 148) > the former to recall the bog-slide which took place near Quarry Lodge, to the north of the station, at Christmas, 1896, when Bogach-na-Mine, " the bog of the meal," some two hundred acres in extent, rolled bodily in a southerly direction, sweeping away houses and suffocating some of their occupants.

    Mallow to Cork.

    Internet Archive pictorialdescrip00ward_0, Chapter 15

    As the companion tells it

    Close to Rathmore, at Christmas in 1896, a bog called Bogach-na-Mine rolled bodily southward. The name means 'the bog of the meal', and the bog was some two hundred acres in extent. It swept away houses and suffocated some of their occupants. The slide began near Quarry Lodge, north of Rathmore station.

16. Cahirciveen: most westerly town and O'Connell links

    Cahersiveen · town · Kerry

    Cahirciveen is described as the most westerly town in the British Isles and notable for its connection with Daniel O'Connell, the 'Liberator,' who spent his childhood at nearby Carhan House. The town is built at the base of the Bentee and its only public building of note is the O'Connell Memorial Church.

    Read the passage

    Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

    Cahirciveen is interesting as the most westerly town in the British Isles, and also from its connection with Daniel O'Connell, the " Liberator," who spent his childhood at Carhan House close by, now in ruins. The town is built at the base of the Bentee (1,245 feet), and consists mainly of a long street bordering the main road. The only public building of note is the O'Connell Memorial Church. The white building in Scotch Baronial style, which shows up so prominently as the train crosses the estuary, is the Police Barracks. From near this spot a body of insurgents marched towards Killarney during the Fenian rising of 1867.

    Cahirciveen, though unimportant in itself, makes a good centre for sportsmen, and even the ordinary tourist will find plenty to occupy him in the numerous walks and drives through the little known scenery of this rugged western promontory. He can make his headquarters either here or at Valentia Island. Among the interesting spots in the neighbourhood are the ruins of Ballycarberry Castle, one of the seats of the McCarthy-More, of which the O'Connells were the hereditary constables. It is near Doulus Head, a promontory to the north-west, separated from the town by the mouth of the river. Near the castle is an ancient circular fort, similar to Staigue Fort (see p. 142), but not so perfect. The interior of one of the caves beneath Doulus Head is very lofty, and bears some resemblance to that of a cathedral. On Church Island, in Valentia Harbour, are the remains of an early monastery, an oratory, and some beehive cells.

    Internet Archive pictorialdescrip00ward_0, Chapter 62

    As the companion tells it

    Coming up through Cahirciveen, the most westerly town in the British Isles. Its chief interest is its connection with Daniel O'Connell, the Liberator, who spent his childhood at Carhan House close by, now in ruins. The town is built at the base of the Bentee, which rises to 1,245 feet, and consists mainly of a long street bordering the main road. The only public building of note is the O'Connell Memorial Church. There is also a white building in Scotch Baronial style, the Police Barracks, which shows up prominently as you cross the estuary. From near that spot a body of insurgents marched towards Killarney during the Fenian rising of 1867. The town makes a good centre for sportsmen, and the ordinary tourist will find plenty to occupy him in the walks and drives through the little known scenery of this rugged western promontory. You can make your headquarters here or at Valentia Island. Among the interesting spots in the neighbourhood are the ruins of Ballycarberry Castle, one of the seats of the McCarthy-More, of which the O'Connells were the hereditary constables. It is near Doulus Head, a promontory to the north-west, separated from the town by the mouth of the river. Near the castle is an ancient circular fort, similar to Staigue Fort but not so perfect. The interior of one of the caves beneath Doulus Head is very lofty, and bears some resemblance to that of a cathedral. On Church Island, in Valentia Harbour, are the remains of an early monastery, an oratory, and some beehive cells.

17. Commercial Cable Company station at Waterville

    Waterville · townland · Kerry · 1894

    The Commercial Cable Company landed two of their cables at Waterville, the latest completed in 1894, with the station and officials' houses forming a notable feature of the village. Two other cables connected France and England to this point.

    Read the passage

    Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

    The village, which bids fair shortly to become a town, is largely resorted to by anglers, who find good sport in the lough and in the many streams and lakes in the neighbourhood. Fishing is, for the most part, free ; salmon and brown and white trout are plentiful. The first object to arrest attention on entering the place (close to the Bay View Hotel) is a handsome stone fountain erected to the memory of James Butler. Here is the junction with another road which comes directly through the mountains from Kiharney, thirty-seven miles distant to the north-east, passing attractive Glencar on the way (see p. 1 30). The village is a tempting place of sojourn, commanding magnificent views of the Atlantic on the one hand, and of the mountains on the other ; and it is within three minutes' walk of Lough Currane. There is excellent sea bathing, the sands being level for a considerable distance from the shore, and one of the prettiest golf courses in Ireland. The salmon hatchery is also worth a visit. Here, also, the Commercial Cable Company land two of their cables — the latest completed in 1894 ; and their station, with the houses of the officials, is quite a feature of the village. The instrument rooms and so forth may be inspected on application. Two other cables connect France, near Havre, and England, near Weston-super-Mare, with this point. Moreover, at Ballinskelligs, across the bay, directly opposite Waterville, the station of the United States Cable Company may be seen. The village is clustered on the banks of the little river, a few hundred yards in length, which carries into the bay the surplus water of —

    Lough Currane,

    Internet Archive pictorialdescrip00ward_0, Chapter 64

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere around here, the Commercial Cable Company landed two of their cables at Waterville, the latest completed in 1894. Their station, with the houses of the officials, was quite a feature of the village, and the instrument rooms could be inspected on application. Two other cables connected this point to France, near Havre, and to England, near Weston-super-Mare. Across the bay, at Ballinskelligs, the station of the United States Cable Company could be seen directly opposite Waterville. The village itself, which was bidding fair to become a town, was largely resorted to by anglers, who found good sport in the lough and in the many streams and lakes nearby. Fishing was for the most part free, with salmon and brown and white trout plentiful. The first object to arrest attention on entering the place, close to the Bay View Hotel, was a handsome stone fountain erected to the memory of James Butler. There was a junction with another road coming directly through the mountains from Killarney, thirty-seven miles to the north-east, passing Glencar on the way. The village commanded magnificent views of the Atlantic on the one hand and of the mountains on the other, and was within three minutes' walk of Lough Currane. There was excellent sea bathing, level sands, one of the prettiest golf courses in Ireland, and a salmon hatchery worth a visit. The village clustered on the banks of a little river, a few hundred yards long, carrying the surplus water of Lough Currane into the bay.

18. Devil's Punch Bowl tarn on Mangerton

    Mangerton · townland · Kerry · 1772

    A dark tarn nearly a quarter mile long, deep in a gorge on Mangerton Mountain, said to be unfathomable and containing no fish. Charles James Fox swam right round it in 1772 while visiting the Earl of Kenmare.

    Read the passage

    Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

    and a half reaches a stream and gives place to a mere path- It is usual and much safer to leave the ponies here and to ascend to the top on foot. About a mile on, the tourist comes in sight of Lou?h Guittane, a considerable lake singularly lovely, with three small islands on it. The mountain now becomes bleak and rugged, but, as we proceed, more and more interesting, the views increasing in grandeur with every foot of elevation. After some tough climbing we arrive at the curious lake which goes by the name of the Devil s Puneh Bowl. It is a tarn almost a quarter of a mile long, deep down in a dark gorge, and looking from the great overhanging steeps almost as black as ink. The water is cold as ice, and as unrippled as if it were really frozen over. No fish are found in it, though they are plentiful in the stream that flows out of it. The echo is fine, but rather peculiar ; it seems to ring round and round, as it bounds and rebounds from rock to rock. The Devil's Punch Bowl is said to have no bottom— at least, the bottom has never been fathomed. Charles James Fox had the temerity to swim right round the tarn when on a visit to the Earl of Kenmare in 1772.

    Internet Archive pictorialdescrip00ward_0, Chapter 46

    As the companion tells it

    Close to Mangerton, there is a high tarn that goes by the name of the Devil's Punch Bowl. It lies deep down in a dark gorge, almost a quarter of a mile long, and from the great overhanging steeps it looks almost as black as ink. The water is cold as ice, and as unrippled as if it were really frozen over. No fish are found in it, though they are plentiful in the stream that flows out of it. The Devil's Punch Bowl is said to have no bottom. At least, the bottom has never been fathomed. There is a fine echo there, but a peculiar one. It seems to ring round and round, as it bounds and rebounds from rock to rock. Charles James Fox had the temerity to swim right round the tarn when he was on a visit to the Earl of Kenmare in 1772. The mountain around it is bleak and rugged, and the climbing to reach it is tough, but the views increase in grandeur with every foot of elevation.

19. Kenmare founded as Nedeen by Sir William Petty

    Kenmare · townland · Kerry · 1670

    Kenmare was originally known as Nedeen and was established by Sir William Petty, ancestor of the Marquis of Lansdowne. In 1670 Petty planted a colony of Englishmen who established fisheries and iron works, though they were later harassed by the Irish and forced to leave.

    Read the passage

    Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

    Kenmare is a fairly prosperous market town, at the head of the beautiful estuary to which it gives its name ; or, rather, from which it receives its name, for, according to Dr. Joyce, Kenmare signifies " head of the sea." The town is chiefly interesting to tourists from its position as a kind of coaching junction, being the half-way place between Glengariff and Killarney, and the terminus of the Kerry coast tour. It also possesses a lively interest from the fact that it is the halting-place for luncheon, for which, after a long mountain drive, most passengers are more than ready. Whether the Southern or the less pretentious Lansdowne be patronised, good value is given. Kenmare was originally known as Nedeen, and owes its existence to Sir William Petty, the ancestor of the Marquis of Lansdowne, the principal owner of the land hereabouts. Petty, having obtained a grant of land, planted a colony of Englishmen here in 1670. They established a fishery and iron works on an extensive scale ; but were harrassed by the Irish, and surrendering, after some resistance, were allowed to embark for Bristol, scantily supplied with provisions. On the conquest of Ireland by William III, the colony was re-established and the fishery resumed ; but the forests were soon exhausted, and the iron trade declined through want of fuel.

    Internet Archive pictorialdescrip00ward_0, Chapter 68

    As the companion tells it

    Around here, near Kenmare in Kerry, the town was originally known as Nedeen, and it owes its existence to Sir William Petty, ancestor of the Marquis of Lansdowne, the principal owner of the land hereabouts. According to Dr. Joyce, the name Kenmare signifies 'head of the sea.' Petty, having obtained a grant of land, planted a colony of Englishmen here in 1670. They established a fishery and iron works on an extensive scale, but they were harassed by the Irish, and surrendering after some resistance, were allowed to embark for Bristol, scantily supplied with provisions. On the conquest of Ireland by William III, the colony was re-established and the fishery resumed, but the forests were soon exhausted, and the iron trade declined through want of fuel.

20. Lismore Castle founded by Prince John

    Lismore · town · Waterford · 1185–1189

    Lismore Castle was founded in 1185 by Prince John, son of Henry II. Four years later it was almost destroyed by the natives, and the restored building was long held by the Bishops of Lismore as a residence.

    Read the passage

    Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

    The Castle was founded in 1185 by Prince John, the son of Henry II, and four years later was almost destroyed by the natives. By whom the damage was repaired is unknown, but the restored building was long held by the Bishops of Lismore and served them as a residence. In 1587 it passed into the possession of Sir Walter Raleigh, and some fifteen years later was sold by him to Richard Boyle, afterwards first Earl of Cork, by whom it was rebuilt. In 1627 the earl's youngest and famous son, Robert Boyle, was born within its walls. During the Civil War of the seventeenth century it was captured and burnt, but ten years after its destruction was rebuilt, and in 1689 gave shelter for a night to James II, when he was fleeing from the Boyne to Waterford. On the death of the last Earl of Cork, in the middle of the eighteenth century, it became the property of the fourth Duke of Devonshire through his marriage with the earl's daughter, and was practically rebuilt by the sixth duke.

    At the eastern angle of the river front is the Tower of King James, so called from its having afforded brief shelter to that sovereign. In the rear of this is King John's Tower, said to have been the scene of the first parliament held in Ireland under the presidency of that prince. At the western angle of the river face rises the Carlisle Tower, named after the Earl of Carlisle, Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland in the middle of the nineteenth century, by whom the foundation stone was laid. The drawing-room is renowned for the loveliness of the view from the great bay window.

    Internet Archive pictorialdescrip00ward_0, Chapter 33

    As the companion tells it

    Lismore, in County Waterford, has a castle at its centre with a long and restless history. Prince John, son of Henry II, founded the castle in 1185. Just four years later it was almost destroyed by the people of the country. Who repaired the damage is not known, but the restored building was held for a long time by the Bishops of Lismore and served them as a residence. In 1587 the castle passed to Sir Walter Raleigh. Some fifteen years later he sold it to Richard Boyle, afterwards first Earl of Cork, who rebuilt it. In 1627 the earl's youngest son, Robert Boyle, was born within its walls. During the Civil War of the seventeenth century the castle was captured and burnt. Ten years after that destruction it was rebuilt, and in 1689 it gave shelter for a night to James II, when he was fleeing from the Boyne to Waterford. On the death of the last Earl of Cork, in the middle of the eighteenth century, the castle became the property of the fourth Duke of Devonshire through his marriage with the earl's daughter. It was practically rebuilt by the sixth duke. The tower at the eastern angle of the river front is called the Tower of King James, from its having given brief shelter to that sovereign. Behind it stands King John's Tower, said to have been the scene of the first parliament held in Ireland under the presidency of that prince. At the western angle rises the Carlisle Tower, named after the Earl of Carlisle, Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland in the middle of the nineteenth century, who laid its foundation stone.

21. Raleigh and Boyle acquire Lismore Castle

    Lismore · town · Waterford · 1587–1602

    In 1587 Lismore Castle passed to Sir Walter Raleigh, who sold it about fifteen years later to Richard Boyle, afterwards first Earl of Cork. Boyle rebuilt the castle, which became a major Boyle family seat.

    Read the passage

    Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

    The Castle was founded in 1185 by Prince John, the son of Henry II, and four years later was almost destroyed by the natives. By whom the damage was repaired is unknown, but the restored building was long held by the Bishops of Lismore and served them as a residence. In 1587 it passed into the possession of Sir Walter Raleigh, and some fifteen years later was sold by him to Richard Boyle, afterwards first Earl of Cork, by whom it was rebuilt. In 1627 the earl's youngest and famous son, Robert Boyle, was born within its walls. During the Civil War of the seventeenth century it was captured and burnt, but ten years after its destruction was rebuilt, and in 1689 gave shelter for a night to James II, when he was fleeing from the Boyne to Waterford. On the death of the last Earl of Cork, in the middle of the eighteenth century, it became the property of the fourth Duke of Devonshire through his marriage with the earl's daughter, and was practically rebuilt by the sixth duke.

    At the eastern angle of the river front is the Tower of King James, so called from its having afforded brief shelter to that sovereign. In the rear of this is King John's Tower, said to have been the scene of the first parliament held in Ireland under the presidency of that prince. At the western angle of the river face rises the Carlisle Tower, named after the Earl of Carlisle, Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland in the middle of the nineteenth century, by whom the foundation stone was laid. The drawing-room is renowned for the loveliness of the view from the great bay window.

    Internet Archive pictorialdescrip00ward_0, Chapter 33

    As the companion tells it

    Lismore is a town the road passes through. Its castle goes back to 1185, when Prince John, son of Henry II, founded it. Four years later it was almost destroyed by the natives. Who repaired the damage is unknown, but the restored building was long held by the Bishops of Lismore and served them as a residence. Then in 1587 the castle passed into the possession of Sir Walter Raleigh. He held it for about fifteen years before selling it, around 1602, to Richard Boyle, who was afterwards made first Earl of Cork. Boyle rebuilt the castle, and it became a major seat of his family. In 1627 the earl's youngest and famous son, Robert Boyle, was born within its walls. During the Civil War of the seventeenth century the castle was captured and burnt, but ten years after its destruction it was rebuilt again. In 1689 it gave shelter for a night to James II, when he was fleeing from the Boyne to Waterford. On the death of the last Earl of Cork, in the middle of the eighteenth century, the castle became the property of the fourth Duke of Devonshire through his marriage with the earl's daughter, and was practically rebuilt by the sixth duke. At the eastern angle of the river front stands the Tower of King James, so called from its having afforded brief shelter to that sovereign. Behind it is King John's Tower, said to have been the scene of the first parliament held in Ireland under the presidency of that prince.

22. Dromana Castle and the Countess of Desmond

    Dromana · townland · Waterford · 1461–1625

    Dromana Castle, overlooking the river and environed with beautiful plantations, was the birthplace of the celebrated Countess of Desmond. She is said to have lived 140 years, born in the reign of Edward IV and dying in the reign of James I, her death caused by a fall from a nut-tree.

    Read the passage

    Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

    rocks, have a peculiarly venerable and pleasing appearance. The new castle of Strancally is seen embowered in extensive woods, above which rise its lofty towers and battlements. Further on, and also overlooking the river, is Dromana Castle, environed with beautiful plantations. Here was born the Countess of Desmond, celebrated for longevity, who is said to have lived 140 years, and whose vitality was only then crushed by a fall from a tree.

    She was born in the reign of Edward IV, and lived far into the reign of James I. The tradition, preserved by the Earl of Leicester, is that her life was ended by accident. " She must needs," says he, " climb a nut-tree to gather nuts ; so, falling down, she hurt her thigh, which brought a fever and that brought death." She was the second wife of the twelfth Earl of Desmond, a family of such immense possessions and influence that it could place 5,000 or 6,000 men in the field. The Countess was personally known to Raleigh, who received a grant out of the Desmond property, which had been forfeited by the rebellion of the sixteenth earl, in 1579. Raleigh was under an obligation to plant it with English families, and we find him excusing himself for the nonfulfilment of this engagement by saying, " There remaynes unto me but an old castle and demayne which are yet in the occupation of the old Countess of Desmond for her jointure."

    Internet Archive pictorialdescrip00ward_0, Chapter 31

    As the companion tells it

    Close to Dromana, overlooking the river and surrounded by beautiful plantations, stands Dromana Castle, the birthplace of the Countess of Desmond, celebrated for her longevity. She is said to have lived 140 years, born in the reign of Edward the Fourth and living far into the reign of James the First. Her death, according to a tradition preserved by the Earl of Leicester, came by accident. She must needs, he says, climb a nut-tree to gather nuts. Falling down, she hurt her thigh, which brought a fever, and that brought death. She was the second wife of the twelfth Earl of Desmond, a family of such immense possessions and influence that it could place 5,000 or 6,000 men in the field. The Countess was personally known to Raleigh, who received a grant out of the Desmond property after it had been forfeited by the rebellion of the sixteenth earl in 1579. Raleigh was obliged to plant the land with English families, but he excused himself for not fulfilling this, saying, there remained unto him but an old castle and demesne, which were yet in the occupation of the old Countess of Desmond for her jointure.

23. Mayor Imprisons Lords in Shandon Castle

    near Shandon · locality · Cork

    When James I was to be proclaimed, Cork's mayor asked the Lords Commissioners about freedom of conscience. Receiving no satisfactory answer, he imprisoned them in Shandon Castle pending further information, and citizens declined to permit the proclamation.

    Read the passage

    Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

    what was far worse, their own money The English Parliament went the length of calling the Cork coinage utterly damned," an outbreak of temper which was perhaps excusable, but not deified. The Cork people of those day seem to have possessed a genius for aggravation for, ^ while declining to send representatives to Parliament they turned deaf ears to the solicitations of the tax gatherer on the ground that they had had no share in voting the taxes When Perkin Warbeck came in 1492, the citizens embraced his cause with ardour, and the mayor, Walters, was rash enough to take a leading part in the expedition, losing his head in the unhappy sequel. What was of more importance, Cork lost its charter ; and, being still suspect, was invested in H98 by the Earl of Kildare with a strong orce when every individual inhabitant was compelled to swear fealty to Henry VII. When it was intend ed to ] proc aim Tames I, the mayor took upon himself to ask the Lords Commissioners what were the king's intentions m the matter of freedom of conscience, and failing to obtain a satisfactory answer clapt "my lords" into Shandon Castle, pending furtner information. When it was found that James was not their man, the citizens declined to permit the proclamation, and it required the Lord Deputy himself and a large army to bring them to reason.

    In 1600, Camden describes the city as « of an oval figure, surrounded by walls, environed and intersected by the river which is passable only by bridges, and consists of one .strait street continued by a bridge ; it is, however a little trading town of great resort, but so beset by rebellious neighbours as to require a constant watch, as if continually besieged

    Internet Archive pictorialdescrip00ward_0, Chapter 18

    As the companion tells it

    Shandon, near Cork, is a place the road passes through or near, and its castle has a story worth telling. The Cork people of this era had a genius for aggravation. They declined to send representatives to Parliament, and turned deaf ears to the tax gatherer, on the ground that they had no share in voting the taxes. When Perkin Warbeck came in 1492, the citizens embraced his cause with ardour. The mayor, Walters, was rash enough to take a leading part in the expedition, and lost his head in the unhappy sequel. Cork lost its charter. Still suspect, the city was invested by the Earl of Kildare with a strong force, when every individual inhabitant was compelled to swear fealty to Henry VII. When it was intended to proclaim James I, the mayor took upon himself to ask the Lords Commissioners what were the king's intentions in the matter of freedom of conscience. Failing to obtain a satisfactory answer, he clapt, in the words of the source, "my lords" into Shandon Castle, pending further information. When it was found that James was not their man, the citizens declined to permit the proclamation. It required the Lord Deputy himself and a large army to bring them to reason. In 1600, Camden described the city as of an oval figure, surrounded by walls, environed and intersected by the river, passable only by bridges, and consisting of one strait street continued by a bridge. It was a little trading town of great resort, but so beset by rebellious neighbours as to require a constant watch, as if continually besieged.

24. Bandon's Protestant character and anti-Papist gateway

    Bandon · town · Cork · 1600–1750

    Bandon was long almost exclusively Protestant, nicknamed the Southern Derry. The first Earl of Cork boasted no Catholic recusant was admitted, and tradition says the corporation inscribed a couplet above the gateway barring Papists, to which a wag replied with a chalked repartee about the gates of hell.

    Read the passage

    Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

    " Enter here, Turk, Jew, or Atheist, Anybody but a Papist."

    The same authority further records that one of the settlers of the " old faith," of a waggish disposition, having taken an extra glass or two, was returning at a late hour to the town when he beheld the interdiction with no little astonishment. Being of a poetical turn of mind, he inscribed with chalk beneath it the following neat repartee : — ■

    Internet Archive pictorialdescrip00ward_0, Chapter 79

    As the companion tells it

    Bandon, long almost exclusively Protestant, was nicknamed the Southern Derry. The first Earl of Cork boasted that no Catholic recusant was admitted. Tradition says the corporation inscribed a couplet above the gateway: "Enter here, Turk, Jew, or Atheist, Anybody but a Papist." A settler of the old faith, waggish and having taken an extra glass or two, saw it returning late with astonishment, and being poetical, chalked a neat repartee beneath it.

25. Convent of Poor Clares and Kenmare lace

    Kenmare · townland · Kerry · 1886–1893

    The Convent of Poor Clares in Kenmare is noted for producing fine Kenmare lace, which won first place at the South Kensington competition of 1886 and at the Chicago World's Fair in 1893. The convent trains local girls in lace-making and singing.

    Read the passage

    Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

    beauty of the designs. Some of the lace is valued at its weight in gold. It won the first place in the South Kensington competition of 1886, and has held its own at other exhibitionsnotably at the Chicago World's Fair in 1893. The girls also excel in singing. The convent is a handsome building in a cheerful sunny situation, surrounded with shrubberies and nower-beds, and adorned with some marble statues.

    Kenmare to Killarney.

    Internet Archive pictorialdescrip00ward_0, Chapter 68

    As the companion tells it

    Close to Kenmare stands the Convent of Poor Clares, where local girls are trained in lace-making and singing. Some of the lace is valued at its weight in gold. It won first place in the South Kensington competition of 1886 and held its own at other exhibitions, notably at the Chicago World's Fair in 1893. The convent is a handsome building, surrounded with shrubberies and flower-beds, adorned with marble statues.

26. Fenian rising of 1867 at Cahirciveen

    Cahersiveen · town · Kerry · 1867

    From near the Police Barracks at Cahirciveen, a body of insurgents marched towards Killarney during the Fenian rising of 1867. The barracks is a white building in Scotch Baronial style prominent as the train crosses the estuary.

    Read the passage

    Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

    Cahirciveen is interesting as the most westerly town in the British Isles, and also from its connection with Daniel O'Connell, the " Liberator," who spent his childhood at Carhan House close by, now in ruins. The town is built at the base of the Bentee (1,245 feet), and consists mainly of a long street bordering the main road. The only public building of note is the O'Connell Memorial Church. The white building in Scotch Baronial style, which shows up so prominently as the train crosses the estuary, is the Police Barracks. From near this spot a body of insurgents marched towards Killarney during the Fenian rising of 1867.

    Cahirciveen, though unimportant in itself, makes a good centre for sportsmen, and even the ordinary tourist will find plenty to occupy him in the numerous walks and drives through the little known scenery of this rugged western promontory. He can make his headquarters either here or at Valentia Island. Among the interesting spots in the neighbourhood are the ruins of Ballycarberry Castle, one of the seats of the McCarthy-More, of which the O'Connells were the hereditary constables. It is near Doulus Head, a promontory to the north-west, separated from the town by the mouth of the river. Near the castle is an ancient circular fort, similar to Staigue Fort (see p. 142), but not so perfect. The interior of one of the caves beneath Doulus Head is very lofty, and bears some resemblance to that of a cathedral. On Church Island, in Valentia Harbour, are the remains of an early monastery, an oratory, and some beehive cells.

    Internet Archive pictorialdescrip00ward_0, Chapter 62

    As the companion tells it

    Coming up along the road is Cahirciveen, the most westerly town in the British Isles, built at the base of the Bentee, which rises to 1,245 feet. The town is mainly a long street bordering the main road. Its one public building of note is the O'Connell Memorial Church. Cahirciveen has a connection to Daniel O'Connell, the Liberator, who spent his childhood at Carhan House close by, now in ruins. There is a white building in Scotch Baronial style that shows up prominently as the train crosses the estuary. That building is the Police Barracks. From near it, in 1867, a body of insurgents marched towards Killarney during the Fenian rising. The guidebook calls the town unimportant in itself, but a good centre for sportsmen. The ordinary tourist will find plenty to occupy him in the walks and drives through the scenery of this rugged western promontory. Nearby are the ruins of Ballycarberry Castle, one of the seats of the McCarthy-More, of whom the O'Connells were the hereditary constables. It stands near Doulus Head, a promontory to the north-west, separated from the town by the mouth of the river. Near the castle is an ancient circular fort, similar to Staigue Fort but not so perfect. The interior of one of the caves beneath Doulus Head is very lofty and bears some resemblance to that of a cathedral. On Church Island, in Valentia Harbour, are the remains of an early monastery, an oratory, and some beehive cells.

27. Muckross Abbey as burial site of O'Sullivans More

    Muckross · townland · Kerry

    Muckross Abbey served as the place of sepulture for the O'Sullivans More and O'Donoghue, once among the proudest chiefs in Kerry. The graves of these stalwart leaders lie unnoticed in the rank vegetation alongside modern monuments and the graves of the peasantry.

    Read the passage

    Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

    This was also the place of sepulture of the O'Sullivans More, once among the proudest chiefs in Kerry, whose graves, and those of many other stalwart leaders, lie unnoticed m the rank vegetation that carpets Muckross.

    The Abbey is not without some stately modern monuments ; yet their beauty appears out of place amidst such mouldering desolation. The graves of the peasantry lie in many a grassy heap on the south side, and some of the cut stones have been taken from its walls to mark them.

    Internet Archive pictorialdescrip00ward_0, Chapter 44

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere close to Muckross lies an abbey that served as the burial place of the O'Sullivans More, once among the proudest chiefs in Kerry. Their graves, and those of many other stalwart leaders, lie unnoticed in the rank vegetation that carpets the ground. The abbey holds some stately modern monuments, yet their beauty appears out of place amidst such mouldering desolation. The graves of the peasantry lie in many a grassy heap on the south side, and some of the cut stones have been taken from its walls to mark them.

28. Raleigh's first cherry tree at Affane

    Affane · townland · Waterford

    In the grounds attached to Affane House, a short distance up the Finish River, Raleigh is said to have planted the first cherry tree seen in Ireland, brought from the Canary Isles. The fine species of cherry still flourishes at nearby Cappoquin.

    Read the passage

    Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

    Tourin Castle lies on the left bank, whilst on the right are the massive mountains of Knockmealdown, and we can distinguish in the distance the spire of the abbey on Mount Melleray. From Camphire to Cappoquin is considered by many the finest part of the river. The many islets add greatly to the picturesqueness of the waterway. In the grounds attached to Affane House, a short distance up the Finish (right), Raleigh is said to have planted the first cherry tree seen in Ireland, being one that he brought from the Canary Isles.

    , Cappoquin.

    Internet Archive pictorialdescrip00ward_0, Chapter 31

    As the companion tells it

    Close to Affane, in the grounds attached to Affane House, a short distance up the Finish River, Raleigh is said to have planted the first cherry tree seen in Ireland. He brought it from the Canary Isles. The fine species of cherry still flourishes at nearby Cappoquin.

29. Monkstown Castle and Anstatia Goold's tradition

    Monkstown · townland · Cork

    Monkstown derives its name from a colony of Benedictine monks and contains the ruins of an Elizabethan fortified residence known as Monkstown Castle or O'Mahony's Castle. Tradition holds that Anstatia Goold built the castle while her lord John Archdecken was away fighting under Philip of Spain, profiting by selling food to the workmen.

    Read the passage

    Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

    half a mile further south, is believed to derive its name from a colony of Benedictine monks. The place contains the ruins of an Elizabethan fortified residence, known diversely as Monkstown Castle and O'Mahony's Castle. Tradition declares Anstatia Goold, whose lord, one John Archdecken, was fighting under Philip of Spain (possibly against his lawful sovereign), feeling " lonesome like " during his long absence from home, conceived the idea of erecting this castle to while away the time and to surprise him on his return. Being, like John Gilpin's spouse, of a frugal mind, she shrewdly stipulated that the workmen should buy all their food from her. They either^ lived very extravagantly, or were greatly overcharged, for^the lady's profits were so considerable that it was,

    Monkstown,

    Internet Archive pictorialdescrip00ward_0, Chapter 22

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere around here is Monkstown, a name that comes from a colony of Benedictine monks. The place holds the ruins of an Elizabethan fortified residence, known both as Monkstown Castle and O'Mahony's Castle. Tradition says that Anstatia Goold built it while her lord, John Archdecken, was away fighting under Philip of Spain, possibly against his lawful sovereign. Feeling what the old record calls lonesome like during his long absence, she conceived the idea of erecting this castle to while away the time and to surprise him on his return. Being of a frugal mind, she shrewdly stipulated that the workmen should buy all their food from her. They either lived very extravagantly, or were greatly overcharged, for the lady's profits were so considerable that the story is still told.

30. St. Fin Barre's Foundation of Cork

    Cork · city · Cork

    The foundation of Cork is disputed, with some authorities attributing it to St. Fin Barre in the seventh century and others to the Danes 200 years later. The saint erected a church and residence near the present city site, attracting disciples from all quarters.

    Read the passage

    Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

    As with most places of old-world fame, the foundation of the city of Cork has been the subject of dispute, some authorities ascribing it to St. Fin Barre, in the seventh century, and others to the Danes, 200 years later. Probably both are right. The saint, whose name is still preserved by the stately Protestant Cathedral and a Roman Catholic Chapel, with that appreciation of a pleasant place for which the " holy friars " of all ages have been noted, erected a church and a residence near the site of the present city. The good man enjoyed a great reputation for sanctity, and attracted disciples from all quarters. A town gradually sprang up round the settlement, and it was hoped that its sacred character would afford immunity from molestation. But, after a century or two of quiet, during which the foundation became famous throughout Europe for the learning of its scholars, the Danes landed and plundered the religious establishment and the well-to-do town which stood in its neighbourhood as well. Night coming on, the invaders are said to have repaired to the island in the centre of the stream, the advantages of which, from a defensive point of view, they saw at a glance. Appreciating their quarters, the Danes decided to remain, and another town sprang up, which they strongly fortified, making it a centre from which to pillage the surrounding country. In course of time the Danish colony became absorbed in the neighbouring race, but the effects of the fusion remain, it is said, to this day in the love of the men for the sea and a roving life. This is all we know of Cork for centuries ; though tradition has not been idle. The next thing certain is the fact of the Anglo-Norman invasion under Strongbow, when MacCarthy, Prince of Desmond, was in possession of the city and the neighbourhood. He was the first Irish chief to acknowledge the sovereignty of Henry II, and his Majesty rewarded him for this act of grace by sending an army to occupy his capital and bestowing on two of his own knights, Robert FitzStephen and Mico de Cogan, the greater portion of his new vassal's territory. But though Kenry retained Cork in his own hands, the inhabitants of the island city seem , to have enjoyed an almost total independence, making their own laws, and,

    Internet Archive pictorialdescrip00ward_0, Chapter 18

    As the companion tells it

    The road passes through or near Cork, a city whose foundation is disputed. Some authorities ascribe it to St. Fin Barre in the seventh century, others to the Danes 200 years later. Probably both are right. The saint, whose name is still preserved by the stately Protestant Cathedral and a Roman Catholic Chapel, erected a church and a residence near the site of the present city. He enjoyed a great reputation for sanctity, and attracted disciples from all quarters. A town gradually sprang up round the settlement, and it was hoped that its sacred character would afford immunity from molestation. After a century or two of quiet, during which the foundation became famous throughout Europe for the learning of its scholars, the Danes landed and plundered the religious establishment and the well-to-do town that stood in its neighbourhood. Night coming on, the invaders are said to have repaired to the island in the centre of the stream, the advantages of which, from a defensive point of view, they saw at a glance. Appreciating their quarters, the Danes decided to remain, and another town sprang up, which they strongly fortified, making it a centre from which to pillage the surrounding country. In course of time the Danish colony became absorbed in the neighbouring race, but the effects of the fusion remain, it is said, to this day in the love of the men for the sea and a roving life. This is all that is known of Cork for centuries, though tradition has not been idle. The next thing certain is the Anglo-Norman invasion under Strongbow, when MacCarthy, Prince of Desmond, was in possession of the city and the neighbourhood. He was the first Irish chief to acknowledge the sovereignty of Henry II, and his Majesty rewarded him by sending an army to occupy his capital and bestowing on two of his own knights, Robert FitzStephen and Mico de Cogan, the greater portion of his new vassal's territory.

31. Black Lough and the legend of St Patrick's last serpent

    Black Lough · lake or lakes · Donegal

    Black Lough, the farthest of the Cummeen Thomeen Lakes in the Gap of Dunloe, is remarkable for the inky blackness and coldness of its waters. Unlike the other lakelets which abound in fish, it has none, attributed by local tradition to St Patrick having drowned the last serpent there.

    Read the passage

    Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

    The Gap is a strangely wild gorge, separating the Tomies Mountain from the Macgillycuddy Reeks, and running almost due south for about four miles. The gates of this romantic valley are almost perpendicular rocks, which scarcely give room for the road. The hills on either side are spurs of the great mountains, called respectively the Holly and Bull Mountains. A small stream traverses the valley, expanding in places into gloomy lakes, called the Cummeen Thomeen Lakes, remarkable for the inky blackness of their waters. The farthest of them, Black Lough, exceeds the others in this respect and in coldness. While the other lakelets abound in fish, this has none ; and Paddy assures us that this is due to the fact that the lake is the identical spot where St. Patrick drowned the last serpent.

    Proceeding along the valley, the rocks rise on either side in wild confusion, apparently ready to topple over and crush the visitor. The narrow torrent is twice crossed by the road, the brawling waters intensifying the desolate but sublime character of the scene. As we advance, the outline of the mountains changes. Huge boulders appear above the path, and shattered fragments of rock strew the steep mountain slopes. The Purple Mountain, with all its chromatic beauties ; the Tomies, with its glowing lights and intense shadows ; and the Reeks, lifting their aspiring summits ; then the black unruffled lakelets, as cold, still, and silent as death, combine to make a picture which has no equal in Killarney. It is a scene of utter solitude and desolation — a picture of the valley of the shadow of death. In a distance of about two miles after leaving Cushvalley Lough, the road rises some 400 feet, the way being encumbered with rocks.

    Internet Archive pictorialdescrip00ward_0, Chapter 55

    As the companion tells it

    Black Lough is the farthest of the Cummeen Thomeen Lakes, a chain of gloomy lakes in the Gap of Dunloe. The Gap is a strangely wild gorge, separating the Tomies Mountain from the Macgillycuddy Reeks, running almost due south for about four miles. Its gates are almost perpendicular rocks, scarcely giving room for the road. The hills on either side are spurs of the great mountains, called the Holly and Bull Mountains. A small stream traverses the valley, expanding into these lakes, remarkable for the inky blackness of their waters. Black Lough exceeds the others in this blackness and in coldness. While the other lakelets abound in fish, this one has none. The local tradition, as Paddy tells it, is that the lake is the identical spot where St Patrick drowned the last serpent. Proceeding along the valley, the rocks rise on either side in wild confusion, apparently ready to topple over and crush the visitor. The narrow torrent is twice crossed by the road, the brawling waters intensifying the desolate but sublime character of the scene. As you advance, the outline of the mountains changes. Huge boulders appear above the path, and shattered fragments of rock strew the steep mountain slopes. The Purple Mountain, the Tomies with its glowing lights and intense shadows, and the Reeks lifting their aspiring summits, then the black unruffled lakelets, as cold, still, and silent as death, combine to make a picture which has no equal in Killarney. The guide calls it a scene of utter solitude and desolation, "a picture of the valley of the shadow of death." In a distance of about two miles after leaving Cushvalley Lough, the road rises some 400 feet, the way encumbered with rocks.

32. Bantry Bay and the French invasions

    near Bantry Bay · bay · Cork · 1689–1796

    Bantry Bay was the scene of two attempted French invasions. In 1689, a French fleet bringing James II to Ireland entered the bay, pursued by an English fleet under Admiral Herbert. A second French attempt occurred in 1796.

    Read the passage

    Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

    The bay is historically interesting as having been the scene of two attempted invasions by the French. In 1689, their fleet, which brought to Ireland the ex-king of Great Britain, James II, entered. In a very short time, the English fleet,' under Admiral Herbert, bore down in pursuit ; but, being

    Internet Archive pictorialdescrip00ward_0, Chapter 75

    As the companion tells it

    This is Bantry Bay, where the French twice attempted invasion. In 1689 a French fleet brought James II, the ex-king of Great Britain, back to Ireland through these waters. The English fleet under Admiral Herbert came in pursuit almost at once. A second French attempt came in 1796.

33. Castle Cor, ruined MacGillycuddy residence

    Castlecor · electoral division · Cork

    The lofty mountains around Carran Tual were long the secure fastnesses of the MacGillycuddy sept. Castle Cor near Churchtown is the ruined residence of the earlier branch of the clan.

    Read the passage

    Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

    These lofty and extensive mountains were long the secure fastnesses of the powerful sept of the MacGillycuddies. Castle Cor, near Churchtown, is the ruined residence of the earlier branch of the clan, whose lineal descendant still beats the title of " MacGillycuddy of the Reeks."

    We have a choice of three routes by which to return to the town. If we have arranged for a boat to meet us at the, head of the Upper Lake, we can descend the southern side of the reeks into the Black VaUey/and so complete a

    Internet Archive pictorialdescrip00ward_0, Chapter 48

    As the companion tells it

    The road takes you through Castlecor, in Cork. These mountains were long the secure fastnesses of the powerful sept of the MacGillycuddies. Castle Cor, near Churchtown, is the ruined residence of the earlier branch of the clan. A lineal descendant still bears the title, as the old guide puts it, of MacGillycuddy of the Reeks.

34. Cork Surrenders to Cromwell, 1649

    Cork · city · Cork · 1649

    On Cromwell's approach in 1649, with the atrocities of Drogheda fresh in their memories, the citizens of Cork surrendered. The city had previously declared for the royal cause of Charles I.

    Read the passage

    Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

    At the outbreak of the war between Charles I and the Parliament, Cork declared for the royal cause ; but on the approach of Cromwell in 1649, the citizens, with the atrocities of Drogheda fresh in their memories, surrendered at

    dl Whennm due course, Charles II got his own again, he was proclaimed in Cork eleven days before that ceremony was performed in London. On the deposition of James II the city once more suffered for its loyalty to the Stuarts. Churchill appeared before its walls, at the head of an Orange army, and took it after a five days' siege, during which the city suffered severely. Kinsale, it may be noted, was captured a few days later; and this gave rise to the famous Jacobite song :-

    Internet Archive pictorialdescrip00ward_0, Chapter 18

    As the companion tells it

    The road takes you through Cork, a city whose loyalties shifted with the times. When war broke out between Charles the First and Parliament, Cork declared for the royal cause. But on the approach of Cromwell in 1649, the citizens, with the atrocities of Drogheda fresh in their memories, surrendered. In due course Charles the Second was proclaimed in Cork, eleven days before that ceremony was performed in London. On the deposition of James the Second the city once more suffered for its loyalty to the Stuarts. Churchill appeared before its walls, at the head of an Orange army, and took it after a five days' siege, during which the city suffered severely. Kinsale was captured a few days later, and this gave rise to a famous Jacobite song.

35. Danish Plunder of Cork Settlement

    Cork · city · Cork

    After a century or two of quiet during which Cork's religious foundation became famous throughout Europe for learning, the Danes landed and plundered the religious establishment and the prosperous town nearby, then fortified an island in the stream as a raiding centre.

    Read the passage

    Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

    As with most places of old-world fame, the foundation of the city of Cork has been the subject of dispute, some authorities ascribing it to St. Fin Barre, in the seventh century, and others to the Danes, 200 years later. Probably both are right. The saint, whose name is still preserved by the stately Protestant Cathedral and a Roman Catholic Chapel, with that appreciation of a pleasant place for which the " holy friars " of all ages have been noted, erected a church and a residence near the site of the present city. The good man enjoyed a great reputation for sanctity, and attracted disciples from all quarters. A town gradually sprang up round the settlement, and it was hoped that its sacred character would afford immunity from molestation. But, after a century or two of quiet, during which the foundation became famous throughout Europe for the learning of its scholars, the Danes landed and plundered the religious establishment and the well-to-do town which stood in its neighbourhood as well. Night coming on, the invaders are said to have repaired to the island in the centre of the stream, the advantages of which, from a defensive point of view, they saw at a glance. Appreciating their quarters, the Danes decided to remain, and another town sprang up, which they strongly fortified, making it a centre from which to pillage the surrounding country. In course of time the Danish colony became absorbed in the neighbouring race, but the effects of the fusion remain, it is said, to this day in the love of the men for the sea and a roving life. This is all we know of Cork for centuries ; though tradition has not been idle. The next thing certain is the fact of the Anglo-Norman invasion under Strongbow, when MacCarthy, Prince of Desmond, was in possession of the city and the neighbourhood. He was the first Irish chief to acknowledge the sovereignty of Henry II, and his Majesty rewarded him for this act of grace by sending an army to occupy his capital and bestowing on two of his own knights, Robert FitzStephen and Mico de Cogan, the greater portion of his new vassal's territory. But though Kenry retained Cork in his own hands, the inhabitants of the island city seem , to have enjoyed an almost total independence, making their own laws, and,

    Internet Archive pictorialdescrip00ward_0, Chapter 18

    As the companion tells it

    Cork's beginnings are argued over. Some say St. Fin Barre founded it in the seventh century, others that the Danes did, 200 years later. Probably both are right. The saint, whose name is still kept by the Protestant Cathedral and a Roman Catholic Chapel, chose a pleasant spot and put up a church and a residence near where the city stands now. He had a great name for sanctity and drew disciples from all quarters. A town grew around the settlement, and it was hoped its sacred character would protect it from harm. For a century or two it was quiet. The foundation became famous throughout Europe for the learning of its scholars. Then the Danes landed and plundered the religious establishment and the well-to-do town that stood near it. Night coming on, the invaders went to the island in the centre of the stream. They saw its advantages for defence at a glance and decided to stay. Another town sprang up, which they strongly fortified, making it a centre from which to pillage the surrounding country. In time the Danish colony was absorbed into the neighbouring race, but the effects of that fusion are said to remain to this day in the love of the men for the sea and a roving life. For centuries after, this is all that is known of Cork.

36. Dunloe Castle and its siege history

    Dunloe Castle · castle · Kerry · 1641

    Dunloe Castle stands on the summit of a small hill and was originally erected to defend the pass of the river and guard Dunloe Gap. It withstood severe struggles during the reigns of Henry and Elizabeth, and in the civil war of 1641 General Ludlow besieged it; the garrison surrendered only after the greater part of the fortress had been laid in ruins.

    Read the passage

    Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

    standing prominently on the summit of a small hill. It is a fine object in the landscape, and the views from it are extremely picturesque. Originally erected for the defence of the pass of the river and for guarding Dunloe Gap, the fortress withstood some severe struggles during the reigns of Henry and Elizabeth. In the civil war of 1641 General Ludlow besieged it ; the garrison made a brave defence and only surrendered when the greater part of the fortress had been laid m ruins. The castle has been adapted as a residence, but retains enough of its warlike character to show how capable of withstanding the brunt of combat it was in the brave days of old. The excursion to Dunloe Castle is frequently made by water, the row along the river Laune being particularly pleasing.

    Continuing the ride for another half-mile, we reach the entrance to the celebrated- Gap of Dunloe, and turn aside to examine a Cave, brought to light in 1838. Of circular shape, it was constructed of uncemented stones inclining inwards ; and on the larger stones of the roof were Ogham inscriptions, which tended to show that it was a Druidical temple or place of sepulture.

    Internet Archive pictorialdescrip00ward_0, Chapter 54

    As the companion tells it

    Dunloe Castle stands on the summit of a small hill, a fine object in the landscape, and the views from it are extremely picturesque. It was originally erected for the defence of the pass of the river and for guarding Dunloe Gap. The fortress withstood some severe struggles during the reigns of Henry and Elizabeth. In the civil war of 1641, General Ludlow besieged it. The garrison made a brave defence and only surrendered when the greater part of the fortress had been laid in ruins. The castle has been adapted as a residence, but retains enough of its warlike character to show how capable of withstanding the brunt of combat it was in the brave days of old. The excursion to the castle is frequently made by water, the row along the river Laune being particularly pleasing. Continuing toward the Gap of Dunloe, a cave was brought to light in 1838, of circular shape, constructed of uncemented stones inclining inwards. On the larger stones of the roof were Ogham inscriptions, tending to show that it was a Druidical temple or place of sepulture.

37. Grand Parade's origins as dock with George II statue

    Grand Parade · street · Cork · 1780

    The Grand Parade, the widest street in Cork, stands on a large dock arched over in 1780. Previously the western side was known as Tuckey's Quay and the eastern as the Mall, connected by a bridge bearing an equestrian metal statue of George II colloquially known as "George-a-cock-horse."

    Read the passage

    Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

    A tew yards further we turn left into the Grand Parade, the widest street in Cork. It stands on what was once a ' large dock arched over in 1 780. Up to that time the western side was known as Tuckey's Quay, and the eastern as the fan tfie latter then a pleasant promenade, shaded with trees, the two sides were connected by a bridge on which stood an equestrian metal statue of George II, colloquially Known as " George-a-cock-horse." The Grand Parade is notable for an immense circular fountain which stands in the middle of the roadway. There is an inscription round it relating to one Berwick, but we are not aware that any one nas ever been known to make the extensive circuit for the sake of reading it. The principal meat, fish and vegetable Markets are on the Parade

    31

    Internet Archive pictorialdescrip00ward_0, Chapter 16

    As the companion tells it

    Arched over in 1780, the Grand Parade in Cork is the widest street in the city. It stands on what was once a large dock. Before the arching, the western side was called Tuckey's Quay, and the eastern side was known as the Mall, then a pleasant promenade shaded with trees. The two sides were connected by a bridge, and on that bridge stood an equestrian metal statue of George the Second, colloquially known as "George-a-cock-horse." An immense circular fountain stands in the middle of the roadway, with an inscription round it relating to one Berwick, though the guide itself notes that no one has ever been known to make the extensive circuit to read it. The principal meat, fish and vegetable markets are on the Parade.

38. Kinsale under charter of Edward III and Spanish capture

    Kinsale · town · Cork · 1327–1690

    Kinsale was formerly governed under a charter of Edward III by a 'sovereign' and other officials. The Spaniards frequently captured and held the place, and it took part in all the struggles between Saxons and native Irish from Strongbow's time to its capture by Marlborough.

    Read the passage

    Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

    Kinsale was formerly governed under a charter of Edward III by a " sovereign " and other officials. It has an interesting history. The Spaniards frequently captured and held the place for longer or shorter periods ; and it took part in all the struggles between the Saxons and the " native Irish," from the time when Strongbow first subjected it to the English crown to its capture by Marlborough and the extinction of the hopes of the^last of the Stuarts. James II landed at Kinsale in 1689 to commence the campaign that ended so disastrously for him at the Boyne. For centuries Kinsale was the most important port on the coast, and though it has long since given way to Queenstown, its harbour is capacious and well sheltered, and it is still the headquarters of the important fisheries of the south of Ireland. The fishermen of the port are daring seamen and good pilots. The harbour is protected by

    The^Old Head of Kinsale,

    Internet Archive pictorialdescrip00ward_0, Chapter 80

    As the companion tells it

    As you pass through Kinsale, it is a town with a long and troubled history. It was once governed under a charter of Edward III, by a "sovereign" and other officials. The Spaniards frequently captured and held the place for longer or shorter periods. It took part in all the struggles between the Saxons and the "native Irish," from the time when Strongbow first subjected it to the English crown to its capture by Marlborough and the extinction of the hopes of the last of the Stuarts. James II landed here in 1689 to commence the campaign that ended so disastrously for him at the Boyne. For centuries it was the most important port on the coast. Though it has long since given way to Queenstown, its harbour is capacious and well sheltered, protected by the Old Head of Kinsale. It is still the headquarters of the important fisheries of the south of Ireland, and its fishermen are daring seamen and good pilots.

39. Muckross Abbey and the Church of Irrelagh

    Muckross Abbey · ecclesiastical site · Kerry · 1192–1340

    Founded in 1340 by the MacCarthys, princes of Desmond, for Franciscan friars, Muckross Abbey sits on the site of the earlier Church of Irrelagh, which was burned around 1192. The ruins include a 100-foot church and well-preserved cloisters.

    Read the passage

    Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

    which occupies the site of the old-world Church of Irrelaeh (a name meaning " the building on the lough ") burned somewhere about i .92. The present ruins, however, are old enongh in all conscience, the Abbey, which was inhabited by Franciscan friars, having been founded in 1340 by the MacCarthys, princes of Desmond. There are the remains of the church 100 feet long, consisting of choir, nave and transept. The breadth of the choir is about 25 feet and the transept is 35 feet in length. In the centre is a strong square tower. The transept is united to the nave by I lofty arch; on the opposite side a narrow doorway leads to the cloisters, the best preserved and most interesting part of the structure. The buildings form a square of 36 feet

    Internet Archive pictorialdescrip00ward_0, Chapter 43

    As the companion tells it

    Burned around 1192, the old Church of Irrelagh stood on this site, a name meaning the building on the lough. The present ruins are the Franciscan abbey founded in 1340 by the MacCarthys, princes of Desmond. The church is 100 feet long, with choir, nave and transept. The choir is about 25 feet broad, the transept 35 feet in length. A strong square tower stands at the centre. The transept is joined to the nave by a lofty arch. On the opposite side a narrow doorway leads to the cloisters, the best preserved and most interesting part of the whole structure. The buildings form a square of 36 feet.

40. Raleigh's defence of Midleton ford

    Midleton · town · Cork

    Near Midleton's distillery lies a ford which Sir Walter Raleigh defended single-handedly against Fitzgerald and his 'wild Irish rebels' until his own troops arrived. Scott alludes to the incident in Kenilworth.

    Read the passage

    Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

    There is not much of interest in the journey from Cork to Youghal, except near the commencement, when after passing the riverside suburbs of Tivoli and Dunkettle, we skirt the northern shore of Lough Mahon (see p. 46), and have some pretty peeps down the harbour. At Queenstown Junction the main line trains proceed in a southerly direction to Queenstown, but we continue due eastward. Midleton (population 2,795), about half-way to Youghal, is a military centre, but derives its chief importance from its extensive whisky distillery and flour mills. Curran, the famous orator and statesman, was educated at the College here. Close to the distillery is the ford which Raleigh defended singlehanded against Fitzgerald and his " wild Irish rebels " till his own troops came up. Scott alludes to the incident in Kenilworth, ch. xv. Midleton confers the title of viscount in the peerage of Ireland upon the Brodrick family.

    62

    Internet Archive pictorialdescrip00ward_0, Chapter 28

    As the companion tells it

    The journey from Cork to Youghal offers little of interest, except near the start, where after passing the riverside suburbs of Tivoli and Dunkettle, there are pretty views down the harbour. The road passes through Midleton, a town in Cork about halfway to Youghal, with a population of 2795. It is a military centre, but takes its chief importance from its extensive whisky distillery and flour mills. Close to that distillery is the ford which Sir Walter Raleigh defended single-handed against Fitzgerald and his "wild Irish rebels" until his own troops came up. Sir Walter Scott alludes to the incident in Kenilworth, chapter 15. Curran, the famous orator and statesman, was educated at the college here. The town confers the title of viscount in the peerage of Ireland upon the Brodrick family.

41. Sherkin Island Franciscan abbey and castle destroyed by Waterford citizens

    near Sherkin Island · townland · Cork

    Sherkin Island, about three miles long by two broad, of old contained a Franciscan abbey and a strong castle. Both were destroyed by the irate citizens of Waterford to punish the piratical proclivities of the O'Driscolls, owners of the island and surrounding islands and a slice of the mainland.

    Read the passage

    Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

    There is a considerable coasting trade between Baltimore and Cork and other neighbouring ports. A rock, commanding the harbour, is crowned by the ruins of Dunashad Castle, and the Church has a fine tower. The Harbour extends northward almost to Skibbereen. The largest of the islands is Sherkin, situated at the mouth of the bay. It is about three miles long by two broad, and of old contained a Franciscan abbey and a strong castle. Both were destroyed by the irate citizens of Waterford, in order to punish the piratical proclivities of the O'Driscolls, the owners of this and the surrounding islands and of a slice of the mainland. The ruins of these edifices are interesting, but as they can be well seen from the Beacon, only enthusiastic antiquaries will go to the expense of hiring a boat to reach them.

    The Schull and Skibbereen Light Railway,

    Internet Archive pictorialdescrip00ward_0, Chapter 78

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere close to Sherkin Island, off the mouth of the bay, lies the largest of these islands, about three miles long by two broad. In older times it held a Franciscan abbey and a strong castle. Both were destroyed by the citizens of Waterford, to punish the piratical proclivities of the O'Driscolls, who owned this island, the surrounding islands, and a slice of the mainland. The ruins are interesting, but they can be well seen from the Beacon, and only enthusiastic antiquaries will hire a boat to reach them.

42. Siege of Blarney Castle by Cromwell's forces

    near Blarney · townland · Cork

    Blarney Castle was besieged by Cromwell's forces under Ireton. A picturesque verse account describes the event, referencing Ireton (called 'bold Irayton') as Cromwell's brother-in-law.

    Read the passage

    Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

    The history of Blarney Castle might be related at great length, but the doings of MacCarthys and Desmonds in the brave days of old are not likely greatly to interest the present generation. Suffice it to say that the structure, the third on the site, dates from about 1446, and was built by the then powerful Cormack MacCarthy, surnamed Ldidir, " the strong." Of the siege of the castle by Cromwell's forces under Ireton we have the following picturesque account in Kipling-like verse : —

    " It was now the poor boys of the Castle looked over the battlement wall,

    Internet Archive pictorialdescrip00ward_0, Chapter 27

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere around here stands Blarney Castle, the third structure on this site, built around 1446 by Cormack MacCarthy, called the strong. The castle was besieged by Cromwell's forces under Ireton, Cromwell's brother-in-law. A verse account of the siege survives, opening with these words: "It was now the poor boys of the Castle looked over the battlement wall."

43. Whiddy Island church ruins and O'Sullivan Bere castle

    near Whiddy Island · island or archipelago · Cork

    Whiddy Island, formerly Lord Bantry's deer-park, contains relics of an old church with a cemetery and the ruins of a castle built in the reign of Henry VI by O'Sullivan Bere on the eastern point. A black shaly substance found on the northern side was once valued locally for medicinal qualities.

    Read the passage

    Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

    formerly Lord Bantry' s deer-park, comprises an area of about 1,218 acres, and is remarkable for the diversified quality of its soil. A black shaly substance, soft and unctuous, resembling black-lead, found on the northern side, was at one time highly valued in the neighbourhood for its supposed medicinal qualities. There are some relics of an old church, with a cemetery attached ; and on the eastern point of the island are the ruins of a castle built in the reign of Henry VI by O' Sullivan Bere. Though apparently so near, it is almost a mile and three-quarters from Bantry. At Bantry, we are at the end of —

    The Cork, Bandon, and South Coast Railway,

    Internet Archive pictorialdescrip00ward_0, Chapter 76

    As the companion tells it

    Off the coast of Cork, Whiddy Island was formerly Lord Bantry's deer-park, comprising about 1,218 acres, and is remarkable for the diversified quality of its soil. On the northern side, a black shaly substance was found, soft and unctuous, resembling black-lead. At one time it was highly valued in the neighbourhood for its supposed medicinal qualities. There are relics of an old church, with a cemetery attached. On the eastern point of the island stand the ruins of a castle, built in the reign of Henry VI by O'Sullivan Bere. Though it appears so near, it lies almost a mile and three-quarters from Bantry.

44. Ogham cave discovered at Gap of Dunloe entrance

    near Gap of Dunloe · pass · Kerry · 1838

    A circular cave constructed of uncemented stones inclining inwards was brought to light in 1838 at the entrance to the Gap of Dunloe. Ogham inscriptions on the larger stones of the roof suggested it was a Druidical temple or place of sepulture.

    Read the passage

    Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

    Continuing the ride for another half-mile, we reach the entrance to the celebrated- Gap of Dunloe, and turn aside to examine a Cave, brought to light in 1838. Of circular shape, it was constructed of uncemented stones inclining inwards ; and on the larger stones of the roof were Ogham inscriptions, which tended to show that it was a Druidical temple or place of sepulture.

    Ill

    Internet Archive pictorialdescrip00ward_0, Chapter 54

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere about Gap of Dunloe, in 1838, a cave was brought to light. It was circular, built of uncemented stones inclining inwards. On the larger stones of the roof were Ogham inscriptions. These suggested the cave was a Druidical temple, or a place of sepulture.

45. Father Prout author of The Bells of Shandon

    near Shandon · locality · Cork · 1804–1866

    Francis Sylvester Mahony, better known as 'Father Prout,' was born at Cork in 1804. Educated for the priesthood, he drifted into journalism and wrote the famous lyric 'The Bells of Shandon,' celebrating the bells of Shandon and the river Lee.

    Read the passage

    Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

    The literary associations of Cork are of considerable interest. One of its most notable sons was Francis Sylvester Mahony, better known as " Father Prout." Born at Cork in 1804, and educated for the priesthood, he drifted into journalism, and spent the greater part of his life in London, being associated with the Daily News at the time of Charles Dickens's editorship, and writing the " Inauguration Ode " for Thackeray's Cotnhill Magazine. He died in Paris in 1866, being then correspondent of the Globe. Perhaps the best remembered of Father Prout' s works is the fine lyric on —

    The Bells of Shandon.

    Internet Archive pictorialdescrip00ward_0, Chapter 17

    As the companion tells it

    Shandon has its literary associations. One of Cork's most notable sons was Francis Sylvester Mahony, known as Father Prout. Born at Cork in 1804 and educated for the priesthood, he drifted into journalism and spent much of his life in London. He was associated with the Daily News at the time of Dickens's editorship and wrote the Inauguration Ode for Thackeray's Cornhill Magazine. He died in Paris in 1866, then correspondent of the Globe. Best remembered of Father Prout's works is the fine lyric, The Bells of Shandon.

46. Glenflesk and Owen MacCarthy's outlaw den

    near Glenflesk · population centre · Kerry

    Glenflesk is a richly-wooded valley through which the River Flesk carries surplus waters of Lough Guittane to the Lower Lake. Filadown, its most picturesque part, was the retreat of outlaw Owen MacCarthy, whose den, Labig Owen, is a small cavern halfway up the Demon's Cliff.

    Read the passage

    Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

    should be visited by every tourist ; it lies to the south-east of the town. The most beautiful spots may easily be reached from the railway station at Headford, eight miles from Killarney ; but it is best to drive through the glen on an outside car, as in that way its features can be seen at leisure. The glen is a richly- wooded valley through which the Flesh carries the surplus waters of Lough Guittane into the Lower Lake. Immense rocks project from either side of the glen, and the little stream leaps impetuously in a series of cascades over the barriers which obstruct its path. Filadown, the most picturesque part, was long the retreat of a celebrated ^ outlaw, Owen MacCarthy ; his den, the Labig Owen, is a small cavern about half-way up the Demon's Cliff. Near the upper entrance to the glen, on a commanding site, stand the ruins of Killaha Castle, formerly the stronghold of the O'Donoghues of the glens ; hard by are the remains of the old church. The Druids' Circles at Lissivigeen should be inspected ; and we can also visit Flesk Castle, which stands on a picturesque, wooded knoll round the base of which the river sweeps in eddying currents. An extensive panoramic view of the Middle and Lower Lakes may be enjoyed from the castle terrace. The road home leads us past —

    Lough Guittane,

    Internet Archive pictorialdescrip00ward_0, Chapter 58

    As the companion tells it

    As you pass through Glenflesk, you are in a richly-wooded valley. The River Flesk runs here, carrying the surplus waters of Lough Guittane into the Lower Lake. Immense rocks project from either side of the glen, and the stream leaps in a series of cascades over the barriers in its path. The most picturesque part is called Filadown. It was long the retreat of a celebrated outlaw, Owen MacCarthy. His den, the Labig Owen, is a small cavern about halfway up the Demon's Cliff. Near the upper entrance to the glen, on a commanding site, stand the ruins of Killaha Castle, formerly the stronghold of the O'Donoghues of the glens. Hard by are the remains of the old church. The Druids' Circles at Lissivigeen can also be seen, and Flesk Castle stands on a picturesque, wooded knoll. Round the base of it the river sweeps in eddying currents, and from the castle terrace there is an extensive panoramic view of the Middle and Lower Lakes.

47. MacCarthy Yields Cork to Henry II

    Cork · city · Cork

    At the time of the Anglo-Norman invasion under Strongbow, MacCarthy, Prince of Desmond, possessed Cork and was the first Irish chief to acknowledge Henry II's sovereignty. Henry rewarded him by occupying his capital and granting most of his territory to knights FitzStephen and de Cogan.

    Read the passage

    Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

    As with most places of old-world fame, the foundation of the city of Cork has been the subject of dispute, some authorities ascribing it to St. Fin Barre, in the seventh century, and others to the Danes, 200 years later. Probably both are right. The saint, whose name is still preserved by the stately Protestant Cathedral and a Roman Catholic Chapel, with that appreciation of a pleasant place for which the " holy friars " of all ages have been noted, erected a church and a residence near the site of the present city. The good man enjoyed a great reputation for sanctity, and attracted disciples from all quarters. A town gradually sprang up round the settlement, and it was hoped that its sacred character would afford immunity from molestation. But, after a century or two of quiet, during which the foundation became famous throughout Europe for the learning of its scholars, the Danes landed and plundered the religious establishment and the well-to-do town which stood in its neighbourhood as well. Night coming on, the invaders are said to have repaired to the island in the centre of the stream, the advantages of which, from a defensive point of view, they saw at a glance. Appreciating their quarters, the Danes decided to remain, and another town sprang up, which they strongly fortified, making it a centre from which to pillage the surrounding country. In course of time the Danish colony became absorbed in the neighbouring race, but the effects of the fusion remain, it is said, to this day in the love of the men for the sea and a roving life. This is all we know of Cork for centuries ; though tradition has not been idle. The next thing certain is the fact of the Anglo-Norman invasion under Strongbow, when MacCarthy, Prince of Desmond, was in possession of the city and the neighbourhood. He was the first Irish chief to acknowledge the sovereignty of Henry II, and his Majesty rewarded him for this act of grace by sending an army to occupy his capital and bestowing on two of his own knights, Robert FitzStephen and Mico de Cogan, the greater portion of his new vassal's territory. But though Kenry retained Cork in his own hands, the inhabitants of the island city seem , to have enjoyed an almost total independence, making their own laws, and,

    Internet Archive pictorialdescrip00ward_0, Chapter 18

    As the companion tells it

    The city of Cork has a disputed beginning. Some say St. Fin Barre founded it in the seventh century. Others say the Danes did, 200 years later. Probably both are right. The saint, whose name is still kept by the Protestant Cathedral and a Roman Catholic Chapel, chose a pleasant place and built a church and a residence near the site of the present city. He had a great reputation for sanctity, and disciples came from all quarters. A town grew round the settlement, and it was hoped its sacred character would protect it from molestation. After a century or two of quiet, the foundation became famous throughout Europe for the learning of its scholars. Then the Danes landed and plundered the religious establishment and the well-to-do town that stood near it. Night fell, and the invaders are said to have gone to the island in the centre of the stream. They saw its defensive advantages at a glance. They decided to remain, and another town sprang up, which they strongly fortified, making it a centre from which to pillage the surrounding country. In time the Danish colony was absorbed into the neighbouring race, but the effects remain, it is said, to this day in the love of the men for the sea and a roving life. This is all we know of Cork for centuries. The next certain thing is the Anglo-Norman invasion under Strongbow, when MacCarthy, Prince of Desmond, was in possession of the city and the neighbourhood. He was the first Irish chief to acknowledge the sovereignty of Henry the Second. His Majesty rewarded him for this act of grace by sending an army to occupy his capital and bestowing on two of his own knights, Robert FitzStephen and Mico de Cogan, the greater portion of his new vassal's territory.

48. St. Ann's Church, Shandon, and its bells

    near Shandon · locality · Cork · 1722

    St. Ann's Church at Shandon dates from 1722 and is famous for its bells, which inspired Father Prout's lyric and gave William Black the title for his novel 'Shandon Bells.' The pepper-box-like steeple has two colours and a tower clock with four dials visible from nearly all parts of the city.

    Read the passage

    Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

    the bells of which gave rise to Father Prout's lyric {see p 25) and. also provided the late Wm. Black with a title for his well-known novel, Shandon Bells. We have already drawn attention to the two colours of its pepper-box-like steeple, but otherwise the building does not call for comment. It dates from 1722. There are quaint inscriptions on the bells, one of which states that " Abel Rudhall, of Glo'ster, made us all." The tower clock has four dials and can be seen from nearly all parts of the city. Father Prout was buried in the family vault near the foot of the tower.

    Just beyond and above Shandon Church is St. Mary's Roman Catholic Cathedral,

    Internet Archive pictorialdescrip00ward_0

    As the companion tells it

    As the road passes through Shandon near Cork, St. Ann's Church dates from 1722. Its pepper-box-like steeple has two colours, and the tower clock has four dials that can be seen from nearly all parts of the city. The bells are what made the church famous. They inspired Father Prout's lyric, and they gave the late William Black the title for his well-known novel, Shandon Bells. The bells carry quaint inscriptions, one of which states, "Abel Rudhall, of Glo'ster, made us all." Father Prout was buried in the family vault near the foot of the tower.

49. Timoleague Abbey founded by MacCarthys, 1372

    Timoleague · town · Cork · 1372–1518

    Timoleague Abbey was erected in 1372 by the MacCarthys and dedicated to St. Mologua, its name deriving from ty-Mologua, 'the house of Mologua.' It was the largest religious house in County Cork, with remains including nave, choir, south transept, and a square tower 68 feet high added in 1518 by Edward Courcy, Bishop of Ross.

    Read the passage

    Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

    The former residence of the Earls of Shannon is now the Esplanade Hotel. Time-league Abbey was erected in 1372 by the MacCarthys and dedicated to St. Mologua (hence its name, derived from ty-Mologua, "the house of Mologua"). It was the largest of the many religious houses in the county of Cork. The visitor is not, therefore, surprised at the grandeur of the remains, which comprise the nave, choir and south transept, with a beautiful square tower, 68 feet high, added by Edward Courcy, Bishop of Ross, in 15 18.

    Timoleague is three miles to the west, at the head of the bay, and possesses a station.

    Internet Archive pictorialdescrip00ward_0, Chapter 79

    As the companion tells it

    As you pass through Timoleague, the abbey here was the largest religious house in County Cork. The MacCarthys erected it in 1372 and dedicated it to St. Mologua, whose name gives the place its meaning, from ty-Mologua, "the house of Mologua." The remains still show the nave, choir, and south transept, with a square tower 68 feet high added in 1518 by Edward Courcy, Bishop of Ross.

50. Aghadoe ruins: round tower, castle, and cathedral

    Aghadoe · parish · Kerry · 600–1300

    Aghadoe contains the remains of a round tower, a round castle known as the 'Bishop's Chair,' and a cathedral with nave and choir. The round tower fragment is about 12 feet high with superior masonry, while the castle is about 30 feet high with 7-foot-thick walls, thought to date from the ninth century. The cathedral's nave is believed to date from the seventh century and features a Romanesque doorway in its western wall.

    Read the passage

    Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

    The remains consist of a church, a round tower and a round castle. Only a part of the lower storey of the Round Tower remains ; it is easy to ascend, the height of the fragment being only about 12 feet. It measures in outer circumference 52 feet ; the thickness of its wall was & feet. The stones, laid in regular courses, are large and well dressed ;

    110 DUNLOE CASTLE

    Internet Archive pictorialdescrip00ward_0, Chapter 54

    As the companion tells it

    As you pass through Aghadoe, the ruins hold a church, a round tower, and a round castle, the Bishop's Chair. The tower fragment stands about 12 feet high, stones large and well dressed in regular courses. The castle, from the 9th century, rises about 30 feet with walls 7 feet thick. The church nave has a Romanesque western doorway and may date from the 7th century.

51. Aghadoe Ruins: Saint Finian's shrine and Pulpit

    Aghadoe · parish · Kerry

    Near Aghadoe House and the Catholic Church stand the Aghadoe Ruins, identified as Saint Finian's ancient shrine and the Pulpit, perhaps the Bishop's palace. These antiquities lie along the road from Beaufort Bridge toward Killarney.

    Read the passage

    Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

    In this way the foot of the mountain is reached, and having duly rewarded the guides we again seat ourselves in the car, and desire the driver to take us home by Churchtown, in order that we may visit the grave of the great chief whose ancient territory we are in. We leave the castle of the O' Sullivan More (Dunloe) on the right, and get on to the Cahirciveen road at Beaufort Bridge. On the shore we see Lake View, at one time the residence of James O'Connell, brother of the great statesman. Then we pass the Catholic Church, near Aghadoe House. On our left are the Aghadoe Ruins, Saint Finian's ancient shrine, and the Pulpit — perhaps the Bishop's palace.

    For those who are a little more active a third descent may be recommended. It is possible to cross by a long ridge, showing a wonderful view, from Carran Tual to Curraghmore. Here a good path leads down to Cummeenduff Glen — rarely visited — and from thence visitors can pass to the far end of the Gap of Dunloe by Gap Cottage, where they will have arranged that the ponies which they left at the Hag's Glen shall be waiting for them.

    Internet Archive pictorialdescrip00ward_0, Chapter 49

    As the companion tells it

    The road runs through the parish of Aghadoe, between Beaufort Bridge and Killarney. Travellers on this route have long been told to watch for the ruins here, called Saint Finian's ancient shrine and the Pulpit, and thought by some to be the Bishop's palace. The Catholic Church stands near Aghadoe House, and the old stones lie close by. A guidebook from another age sends its readers this way after they have come down from the mountain and rewarded their guides. They would leave the castle of the O'Sullivan More at Dunloe and reach the Cahirciveen road at Beaufort Bridge. On the shore they would see Lake View, once the residence of James O'Connell, brother of the great statesman. Then the Catholic Church, then Aghadoe House, and then the ruins, Saint Finian's shrine and the Pulpit, perhaps the Bishop's palace. The book calls these antiquities, and notes them as a stop on the way home, a fragment of older Ireland beside the road.

52. Bantry name derivation from Beann

    Bantry · town · Cork · 1–100

    The town's name may derive from 'Ban-tra' meaning 'the white strand,' though Dr. Joyce suggests it comes from Beann, son of Conor MacNessa, King of Ulster in the first century and ancient owner of the district.

    Read the passage

    Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

    Refreshment Room at station. Bantry is said to derive its name from Ban-tra, the a white strand." The strand is indisputable, though the construction of the pier, and sea-wall has improved a great part of it out of existence, but we do not see where the whiteness comes in. Probably Dr. Joyce is more correct in deriving the name from Beann (Ban), one of the sons of Conor MacNessa, King of Ulster in the first century, and ancient owner of this district. Most people simply go through Bantry without making a stay, but one or two days can be profitably spent in the little market town. There is a good bathing-stage, and the bay affords every facility for yachting and boating. The town stands near the head of the spacious bay of the same name.

    The visitor should, if time allows, call at the Bantry Woollen Mills. Here he will find an interesting example of an industry which was ones a leading one in Ireland, and which, from the strides it has lately made, promises to occupy the same position again in the near future, owing to the absolute purity and durability which are gaining such an enviable reputation for Irish friezes, tweeds, and homespuns. The mill, to which access can readily be had, is only a few yards from Vickery's Hotel ; and the wool, which is grown on the hardy native mountain sheep of the district, can be seen in every stage of manufacture. Bantry is the seat of a considerable sea-borne trade, and a number of small coasting vessels may generally be seen moored off the town. The chief feature of the town is the beautiful view down and across the spacious bay, with its background of sharply defined peaks— Hungry Hill, the Sugar Loaf, and the long range of the Caha Mountains.

    Internet Archive pictorialdescrip00ward_0, Chapter 75

    As the companion tells it

    As you come through Bantry, near the head of its spacious bay, the question of where the town got its name is worth turning over. Some say it comes from Ban-tra, meaning the white strand. The strand itself is indisputable, though the pier and sea-wall have built much of it out of existence, and the whiteness is not something you can easily see. Dr. Joyce is probably more correct. He traces the name to Beann, one of the sons of Conor MacNessa, King of Ulster in the first century, and the ancient owner of this district. So the town may carry the name of a man who held this land nearly two thousand years ago. Most people pass straight through Bantry without a stay, but the guide says a day or two can be spent in the little market town. There is a bathing-stage, and the bay affords every facility for yachting and boating. The Bantry Woollen Mills are worth a call if time allows. The wool comes from the hardy native mountain sheep of the district, and you can see it in every stage of manufacture. The mill is only a few yards from Vickery's Hotel. Bantry is the seat of considerable sea-borne trade, with small coasting vessels moored off the town. The chief feature is the view down the bay, with its background of sharply defined peaks: Hungry Hill, the Sugar Loaf, and the long range of the Caha Mountains.

53. Camden's 1600 Description of Cork

    Cork · city · Cork · 1600

    In 1600, Camden described Cork as an oval walled city, environed and intersected by the river, passable only by bridges. He called it a trading town of great resort, but so beset by rebellious neighbours as to require constant watch.

    Read the passage

    Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

    In 1600, Camden describes the city as « of an oval figure, surrounded by walls, environed and intersected by the river which is passable only by bridges, and consists of one .strait street continued by a bridge ; it is, however a little trading town of great resort, but so beset by rebellious neighbours as to require a constant watch, as if continually besieged

    At the outbreak of the war between Charles I and the Parliament, Cork declared for the royal cause ; but on the approach of Cromwell in 1649, the citizens, with the atrocities of Drogheda fresh in their memories, surrendered at

    Internet Archive pictorialdescrip00ward_0, Chapter 18

    As the companion tells it

    In 1600, Camden described Cork as a city of an oval figure, surrounded by walls, environed and intersected by the river, passable only by bridges. It consisted of one strait street continued by a bridge. He called it a little trading town of great resort, but so beset by rebellious neighbours as to require a constant watch, as if continually besieged. Later, at the outbreak of war between Charles I and Parliament, Cork declared for the royal cause. But on the approach of Cromwell in 1649, the citizens, with the atrocities of Drogheda fresh in their memories, surrendered.

54. King John's Tower and first Irish parliament

    Lismore · town · Waterford

    Behind the Tower of King James at Lismore Castle stands King John's Tower, traditionally said to have been the scene of the first parliament held in Ireland under the presidency of Prince John.

    Read the passage

    Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

    At the eastern angle of the river front is the Tower of King James, so called from its having afforded brief shelter to that sovereign. In the rear of this is King John's Tower, said to have been the scene of the first parliament held in Ireland under the presidency of that prince. At the western angle of the river face rises the Carlisle Tower, named after the Earl of Carlisle, Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland in the middle of the nineteenth century, by whom the foundation stone was laid. The drawing-room is renowned for the loveliness of the view from the great bay window.

    Lismore Cathedral (Church of Ireland) is mostly of seventeenth century work, the " great " Earl of Cork having expended a large sum upon it, but the spire is more modern ; while, on the other hand, some of the pillars in the nave belong to the thirteenth century. It stands on a height to the east of the town, and is chiefly remarkable for its inscribed slabs of ancient date.

    Internet Archive pictorialdescrip00ward_0, Chapter 33

    As the companion tells it

    Lismore is a town the road takes you through or near, and at its castle stands a tower with a claim to a remarkable first. Behind the Tower of King James, which gave brief shelter to that sovereign, rises King John's Tower. It is said to have been the scene of the first parliament held in Ireland, under the presidency of that prince. At the western angle of the river face stands the Carlisle Tower, named after the Earl of Carlisle, Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland in the middle of the nineteenth century, who laid its foundation stone. The castle's drawing-room is renowned for the loveliness of the view from the great bay window. The cathedral stands on a height to the east of the town. It is mostly seventeenth century work, the great Earl of Cork having expended a large sum upon it, though the spire is more modern. Some of the pillars in the nave belong to the thirteenth century, and it is chiefly remarkable for its inscribed slabs of ancient date.

55. Kinsale's Spanish-origin houses and old fort

    Kinsale · town · Cork · 1690

    Kinsale is built on the slope of Compass Hill at the mouth of the river Bandon, with houses of evident Spanish origin rising tier above tier on rock-excavated sites. The ruins of an old fort, deemed impregnable until it fell to Marlborough in 1690, add character to the outlook.

    Read the passage

    Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

    Kinsale is built on the slope of Compass Hill, at the mouth of the river Bandon. It has a quaint appearance, its houses, many of which are evidently of Spanish origin, rising tier above tier on sites excavated out of the solid rock, some being perched on projecting crags. The streets follow the windings of the river ; and the ruins of the old fort, which was deemed impregnable until it fell into the hands of Marlborough in 1690, add piquancy to the outlook. There is a charming public walk, shaded by trees, around Compass Hill, which commands a series of good views of the harbour, the villages of Scilly and Summercove (the favourite quarters of summer visitors), and the entire neighbourhood. The only object of antiquarian interest in the town is the Parish Church, dedicated to, and said to have been built by, a female saint, St. Multose, or Multosia, in the fourteenth century. The church is cruciform, with a curiously shaped tower at the west end, the upper stage, of smaller dimensions than the lower portion, terminating in a broach spire.

    Kinsale was formerly governed under a charter of Edward III by a " sovereign " and other officials. It has an interesting history. The Spaniards frequently captured and held the place for longer or shorter periods ; and it took part in all the struggles between the Saxons and the " native Irish," from the time when Strongbow first subjected it to the English crown to its capture by Marlborough and the extinction of the hopes of the^last of the Stuarts. James II landed at Kinsale in 1689 to commence the campaign that ended so disastrously for him at the Boyne. For centuries Kinsale was the most important port on the coast, and though it has long since given way to Queenstown, its harbour is capacious and well sheltered, and it is still the headquarters of the important fisheries of the south of Ireland. The fishermen of the port are daring seamen and good pilots. The harbour is protected by

    Internet Archive pictorialdescrip00ward_0, Chapter 80

    As the companion tells it

    Coming up along Kinsale, the town climbs the slope of Compass Hill at the mouth of the river Bandon. Its houses rise tier above tier, many of them plainly of Spanish origin, built on sites cut out of solid rock, some perched on projecting crags. The streets follow the windings of the river. The ruins of the old fort add to the outlook, a fort once thought impregnable until it fell to Marlborough in 1690. That capture marked the end of Stuart hopes. James II had landed at Kinsale in 1689 to begin the campaign that ended badly for him at the Boyne. But the town's story runs deeper. The Spaniards captured and held the place repeatedly over the centuries. It stood in every struggle between the Saxons and the native Irish, from the time Strongbow first brought it under the English crown. It was once the most important port on the coast, though it has long since yielded to Queenstown. The harbour remains capacious and well sheltered, and it is still the headquarters of the fisheries of the south of Ireland. Its fishermen are daring seamen and good pilots. There is also the Parish Church, said to have been built by a female saint, St. Multose, in the 14th century. It is cruciform, with a curiously shaped tower at the west end, the upper stage smaller than the lower, ending in a broach spire. A public walk shaded by trees runs around Compass Hill, commanding views of the harbour, the villages of Scilly and Summercove, and the entire neighbourhood.

56. St. Patrick's Street built over river branch

    Saint Patrick's Street · street · Cork

    St. Patrick's Street, the principal shopping thoroughfare of Cork, has a semicircular shape because it is built on arches over a former deep branch of the river where ships were laden and unladen.

    Read the passage

    Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

    the "Regent Street" of Cork, a thoroughfare lined with handsome shops and hotels, but sadly lacking in uniformity, the seeker for souvenirs and suitable presents for the home folk is not likely to find a better place for shopping in the outh of Ireland. The semicircular shape of the street is accounted for by the fact that it is built on arches over what was once a deep and important branch of the river, in which ships were laden and unladen. In the bend one notices on the left the Victoria Hotel.

    Winthrop Street leads from St. Patrick's Street to George's Street where stands the Chief Post Office, a handsome stonefronted building, recently erected at a cost of ^40,000. Lower down are the Imperial Hotel and Commercial Buildings.

    Internet Archive pictorialdescrip00ward_0, Chapter 16

    As the companion tells it

    A principal shopping street, Saint Patrick's Street in Cork, has been called the Regent Street of the city. It is lined with handsome shops and hotels, though it lacks uniformity. The street curves in a semicircular shape, and the reason lies beneath. It is built on arches over what was once a deep and important branch of the river, where ships were laden and unladen. In the bend stands the Victoria Hotel. Winthrop Street leads from Saint Patrick's Street to George's Street, where the Chief Post Office stands, a stone-fronted building erected at a cost of 40,000. Lower down are the Imperial Hotel and the Commercial Buildings. For anyone seeking souvenirs or presents, the guide says you are not likely to find a better place for shopping in the south of Ireland.

57. Tower of King James at Lismore Castle

    Lismore · town · Waterford · 1689

    At the eastern angle of the river front of Lismore Castle stands the Tower of King James, so named because it afforded brief shelter to James II during his flight after the Battle of the Boyne in 1689.

    Read the passage

    Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

    At the eastern angle of the river front is the Tower of King James, so called from its having afforded brief shelter to that sovereign. In the rear of this is King John's Tower, said to have been the scene of the first parliament held in Ireland under the presidency of that prince. At the western angle of the river face rises the Carlisle Tower, named after the Earl of Carlisle, Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland in the middle of the nineteenth century, by whom the foundation stone was laid. The drawing-room is renowned for the loveliness of the view from the great bay window.

    Lismore Cathedral (Church of Ireland) is mostly of seventeenth century work, the " great " Earl of Cork having expended a large sum upon it, but the spire is more modern ; while, on the other hand, some of the pillars in the nave belong to the thirteenth century. It stands on a height to the east of the town, and is chiefly remarkable for its inscribed slabs of ancient date.

    Internet Archive pictorialdescrip00ward_0, Chapter 33

    As the companion tells it

    The town of Lismore holds a castle whose river front carries an old tower with a name from Ireland's troubled history. At the eastern angle of that front stands the Tower of King James, so called because it afforded brief shelter to that sovereign. James II, fleeing after the Battle of the Boyne in 1689, stopped here. The shelter was brief, the stay unmarked by any great event, but the name has held. Behind King James's Tower stands another, King John's Tower, said to have been the scene of the first parliament held in Ireland under the presidency of that prince. At the western angle of the river face rises the Carlisle Tower, named after the Earl of Carlisle, Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland in the middle of the nineteenth century, who laid its foundation stone. The drawing-room of the castle is renowned for the loveliness of the view from the great bay window.

58. Tynte's Castle in Youghal Main Street

    Youghal · town · Cork

    An ancient tower known as Tynte's Castle stands in Youghal's Main Street, on the right-hand side coming from the Clock Tower. The Clock Gate itself stands on the site of the ancient South Gate.

    Read the passage

    Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

    The town received its first charter from King John, and is said to derive its name from the Irish word for yew-wood, the hills having been formerly covered with yews. It was once strongly fortified, and a large part of its walls still stand on the western and northern sides. Cromwell entered it in 1649, by the Water Gate, and for a time made the town his headquarters. On the site of the ancient South Gate now stands a structure called the Clock Gate. In Main Street is an ancient tower known as Tynte's Castle. (It is on the right-hand side as one comes from the Clock Tower.) A few yards from this, a street on the left leads to St. Mary's Church, occupying the site of a church which existed before the Norman invasion, was rebuilt by the eighth Earl of Desmond, who founded a college in connection with it in 1464, and was restored early in the seventeenth century by the '"great" Earl of Cork.* (The college just mentioned is still standing in Nelson Street, close to the church. It was, for a time, the residence of William Congreve, the dramatist, and his father, the latter being the earl's agent.) The massive tower of the church has a height of 50 feet, and is known as Cromwell's

    * The first Earl of Cork, who arrived in Ireland in 1588, says in his autobiography : " All my wealth was £27 3s. in money, a diamond ring, a bracelet of gold, a taffety doublet, a pair of black velvet breeches, laced and cut upon taffety, two cloaks, competent in6Il a£d .necessaries> with my rapier and dagger." Before his death his income was at the rate of £5o a day, exclusive of the value of his houses and parks, ' '

    Internet Archive pictorialdescrip00ward_0, Chapter 29

    As the companion tells it

    Youghal takes its name from the Irish word for yew-wood, the hills having once been covered with yews. The town received its first charter from King John, and it was once strongly fortified. A large part of its walls still stand on the western and northern sides. In Main Street stands an ancient tower known as Tynte's Castle. On the site of the ancient South Gate now stands a structure called the Clock Gate. A few yards from the castle, a street leads to St. Mary's Church, occupying the site of a church which existed before the Norman invasion. That church was rebuilt by the eighth Earl of Desmond, who founded a college in connection with it in 1464. The church was restored early in the seventeenth century by the great Earl of Cork. The college still stands in Nelson Street, close to the church. For a time it was the residence of William Congreve, the dramatist, and his father, the latter being the earl's agent. The first Earl of Cork arrived in Ireland in 1588. In his autobiography he says that all his wealth was £27 3s. in money, a diamond ring, a bracelet of gold, a taffety doublet, a pair of black velvet breeches, laced and cut upon taffety, two cloaks, competent linen and necessaries, with his rapier and dagger. Before his death his income was at the rate of £50 a day, exclusive of the value of his houses and parks. The massive tower of the church has a height of 50 feet and is known as Cromwell's. Cromwell entered the town in 1649 by the Water Gate, and for a time made Youghal his headquarters.

59. Bantry woollen mills industry

    Bantry · town · Cork

    The Bantry Woollen Mills, located near Vickery's Hotel, represent a reviving Irish woollen industry. Wool from hardy native mountain sheep of the district can be seen in every stage of manufacture, producing friezes, tweeds, and homespuns.

    Read the passage

    Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

    The visitor should, if time allows, call at the Bantry Woollen Mills. Here he will find an interesting example of an industry which was ones a leading one in Ireland, and which, from the strides it has lately made, promises to occupy the same position again in the near future, owing to the absolute purity and durability which are gaining such an enviable reputation for Irish friezes, tweeds, and homespuns. The mill, to which access can readily be had, is only a few yards from Vickery's Hotel ; and the wool, which is grown on the hardy native mountain sheep of the district, can be seen in every stage of manufacture. Bantry is the seat of a considerable sea-borne trade, and a number of small coasting vessels may generally be seen moored off the town. The chief feature of the town is the beautiful view down and across the spacious bay, with its background of sharply defined peaks— Hungry Hill, the Sugar Loaf, and the long range of the Caha Mountains.

    Bantry House, the seat of Mr. Leigh-White, nephew of the late Earl of Bantry (the title is now extinct), should on no account be missed. It is the show-place of the town. Follow the main street seaward from the hotels, skirting the water s edge. At the end of the long line of wharves is a solid stone gatehouse, by which admission is gained. Visitors are allowed

    Internet Archive pictorialdescrip00ward_0, Chapter 75

    As the companion tells it

    As you come through Bantry, there's a woollen mill worth knowing about. The Bantry Woollen Mills sit only a few yards from Vickery's Hotel, and they show an industry that was once leading in Ireland and is making strides toward that position again. The wool comes from hardy native mountain sheep of the district, and you can see it in every stage of manufacture. The cloth they make — friezes, tweeds, and homespuns — has gained a reputation for absolute purity and durability. Access to the mill can readily be had if time allows. Beyond the mills, Bantry is the seat of considerable sea-borne trade, and small coasting vessels may generally be seen moored off the town. The chief feature is the view down and across the spacious bay, with its background of sharply defined peaks — Hungry Hill, the Sugar Loaf, and the long range of the Caha Mountains. Bantry House, the seat of Mr. Leigh-White, nephew of the late Earl of Bantry — the title is now extinct — should not be missed. It is the show-place of the town. Follow the main street seaward from the hotels, skirting the water's edge. At the end of the long line of wharves is a solid stone gatehouse, by which admission is gained. Visitors are allowed.

60. Blarney Castle caves and secret passages

    near Blarney · townland · Cork

    Caves and secret passages run in all directions through the rock on which Blarney Castle stands. The subterranean chambers are very lofty and were formerly used as prisons, though memento-hunters have chipped off nearly all the stalactites and stalagmites.

    Read the passage

    Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

    The attendant guide will first conduct the visitor to the Caves and the secret passages which run in all directions through the rock on which the castle stands. These subterranean chambers are very lofty — and occasionally very dirty — but the irrepressible memento-hunter has chipped off nearly all the stalactites and stalagmites. The caves were formerly used as prisons.

    Persons who prefer the light of day will at once make their way to the Keep, a square, well-preserved structure, 120 feet high, capped by machiolated battlements, which, it will be noticed do not form part of the wall, but are built out from it in a sort of staging, with the object of enabling defenders to drop stones and other trifles on to the heads of assailants. In addition to the keep, there are extensive remains of other buildings.

    Internet Archive pictorialdescrip00ward_0, Chapter 27

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere around here, Blarney Castle stands on rock riddled with caves and secret passages running in all directions beneath it. These subterranean chambers are very lofty. The caves were formerly used as prisons. Visitors who came through them would once have found stalactites and stalagmites, but memento-hunters have chipped off nearly all of them. For those who prefer daylight, the Keep stands above: a square, well-preserved structure, 120 feet high, capped by machicolated battlements. These battlements are not part of the wall but are built out from it on a staging, enabling defenders to drop stones onto the heads of assailants. Beyond the keep, there are extensive remains of other buildings.