Name: Pictorial and descriptive guide to the Lakes of Killarney, Glengariff, and south-west Ireland, including a guide to Cork.
Author: Lock and Company Ward, ltd

Blarney Castle Keep and its history

near Blarney · townland · Cork · 1446

The Keep at Blarney Castle is a square, well-preserved structure 120 feet high, capped by machiolated battlements built out from the wall on staging. The castle, the third on the site, dates from about 1446 and was built by Cormack MacCarthy, surnamed Láidir, 'the strong.'

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The history of Blarney Castle might be related at great length, but the doings of MacCarthys and Desmonds in the brave days of old are not likely greatly to interest the present generation. Suffice it to say that the structure, the third on the site, dates from about 1446, and was built by the then powerful Cormack MacCarthy, surnamed Ldidir, " the strong." Of the siege of the castle by Cromwell's forces under Ireton we have the following picturesque account in Kipling-like verse : —
" It was now the poor boys of the Castle looked over the battlement wall,

Internet Archive pictorialdescrip00ward_0, Chapter 27

As the companion tells it

Somewhere close to Blarney stands the keep of Blarney Castle. It is a square, well-preserved structure, 120 feet high, capped by machiolated battlements built out from the wall on staging. This is the third castle on the site. It dates from about 1446, built by Cormack MacCarthy, surnamed Láidir, "the strong." The castle later weathered a siege by Cromwell's forces under Ireton. As the old verse has it, "It was now the poor boys of the Castle looked over the battlement wall."

Cashel Cathedral burnt by Earl of Kildare

Cashel · town · Tipperary · 1495

The ruins of the old Cathedral on the summit of the Rock of Cashel are among the finest in the country. In 1495 the edifice was burnt by the Earl of Kildare because he thought the archbishop was within, an explanation that gained him appointment as lord-deputy.

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five and three-quarter miles to the south. Passengers can travel direct from Dublin to " Cashel of the Kings " without change of carriage. Few places in Ireland are of greater interest historically than this ancient but now dilapidated episcopal city. The ruins of the old Cathedral on the summit
14 DUBLIN TO KILLARNEY AND CORK

Internet Archive pictorialdescrip00ward_0, Chapter 14

As the companion tells it

You're coming up on Cashel, the place they called the city of Kings. The old Cathedral's ruins sit on the summit, among the finest in the country. In 1495 the Earl of Kildare burnt it down because he believed the archbishop was inside. That earned him appointment as lord-deputy.

Derreen, seat of the Marquis of Lansdowne

Derreen · townland · Kerry

Derreen, located across the bay from Parknasilla, is the seat of the Marquis of Lansdowne. Though described as a delightful haven, the Marquis does not permit a hotel to be erected there.

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area of fifty-eight acres. Boating, bathing, fishing, and mountain-climbing may all be enjoyed to perfection in this favoured locality. The adventurous may row or sail right across the bay to Derreen, the seat of the Marquis of Lansdowne. Derreen would make just such another delightful haven for the holiday-maker as Parknasilla or Glengariff , but his lordship will not permit the erection of a hotel.
Parknasilla to Kenmare.

Internet Archive pictorialdescrip00ward_0, Chapter 67

As the companion tells it

Close to Derreen, somewhere around here, is the seat of the Marquis of Lansdowne. You could row or sail right across the bay to reach it. It would make just such another delightful haven as Parknasilla or Glengariff, but his lordship will not permit the erection of a hotel.

Drake's Pool, Cork Harbour

Drake's Pool · minor feature · Cork

Sir Francis Drake, in command of five sloops, was pursued by the Spanish fleet into Cork Harbour. He eluded the Spaniards by hiding among the wooded inlets, leading the Spanish to abandon their search and depart.

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Spanish fleet which was desirous of making his.^further acquaintance. With his five little sloops he made for Cork harbour, and was by the Spaniards clearly seen to enter. The tactics which served the Americans in 1898, when Admiral Cervera was in similar plight at Santiago, did not serve Cervera's predecessors in the days of Queen Bess. Instead of waiting quietly until Drake should come out, the Spaniards went in to look for him. They scoured the harbour from east to west, and from north to south, exploring as they thought every creek, winding and channel, but Drake was not to be seen. For days the search continued, and at length the Spaniards, attributing his disappearance to magic, thought well to disappear also. Upon which out came Drake with his merry men from behind those very woods which seem to mark the water's limit ! The secluded spot has since been known as Drake's Pool.
Crosshaven.

Internet Archive pictorialdescrip00ward_0, Chapter 24

As the companion tells it

This is Drake's Pool, in Cork Harbour. Sir Francis Drake was in command of five sloops, and he was being pursued by a Spanish fleet that wanted to make his further acquaintance. He made for Cork harbour, and the Spaniards clearly saw him enter. Instead of waiting for Drake to come out, the Spaniards went in to look for him. They scoured the harbour from east to west and from north to south, exploring every creek, winding, and channel, but Drake was not to be seen. For days the search continued. At length the Spaniards, attributing his disappearance to magic, thought well to disappear also. Upon which out came Drake with his merry men from behind those very woods which seem to mark the water's limit. The secluded spot has since been known as Drake's Pool.

Earl of Kildare Invests Cork, 1498

Cork · city · Cork · 1498

Still under suspicion after the Perkin Warbeck affair, Cork was invested by the Earl of Kildare with a strong force in 1498. Every individual inhabitant was compelled to swear fealty to Henry VII.

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what was far worse, their own money The English Parliament went the length of calling the Cork coinage utterly damned," an outbreak of temper which was perhaps excusable, but not deified. The Cork people of those day seem to have possessed a genius for aggravation for, ^ while declining to send representatives to Parliament they turned deaf ears to the solicitations of the tax gatherer on the ground that they had had no share in voting the taxes When Perkin Warbeck came in 1492, the citizens embraced his cause with ardour, and the mayor, Walters, was rash enough to take a leading part in the expedition, losing his head in the unhappy sequel. What was of more importance, Cork lost its charter ; and, being still suspect, was invested in H98 by the Earl of Kildare with a strong orce when every individual inhabitant was compelled to swear fealty to Henry VII. When it was intend ed to ] proc aim Tames I, the mayor took upon himself to ask the Lords Commissioners what were the king's intentions m the matter of freedom of conscience, and failing to obtain a satisfactory answer clapt "my lords" into Shandon Castle, pending furtner information. When it was found that James was not their man, the citizens declined to permit the proclamation, and it required the Lord Deputy himself and a large army to bring them to reason.
In 1600, Camden describes the city as « of an oval figure, surrounded by walls, environed and intersected by the river which is passable only by bridges, and consists of one .strait street continued by a bridge ; it is, however a little trading town of great resort, but so beset by rebellious neighbours as to require a constant watch, as if continually besieged

Internet Archive pictorialdescrip00ward_0, Chapter 18

As the companion tells it

Cork had a genius for aggravation. The English Parliament called the Cork coinage utterly damned. Cork declined to send representatives to Parliament, and turned deaf ears to the tax gatherer on the ground that they had had no share in voting the taxes. When Perkin Warbeck came in 1492, the citizens embraced his cause with ardour. The mayor, Walters, was rash enough to take a leading part in the expedition, and lost his head in the unhappy sequel. Cork lost its charter. Still suspect, the city was invested in 1498 by the Earl of Kildare with a strong force, and every individual inhabitant was compelled to swear fealty to Henry VII. The stubbornness did not end there. When it was intended to proclaim James I, the mayor asked the Lords Commissioners what the king's intentions were in the matter of freedom of conscience. Failing to obtain a satisfactory answer, he clapt my lords into Shandon Castle, pending further information. When it was found that James was not their man, the citizens declined to permit the proclamation. It required the Lord Deputy himself and a large army to bring them to reason. In 1600, Camden described the city as of an oval figure, surrounded by walls, environed and intersected by the river, passable only by bridges, and consisting of one strait street continued by a bridge. He called it a little trading town of great resort, but so beset by rebellious neighbours as to require a constant watch, as if continually besieged.

Father Prout buried at Shandon

near Shandon · locality · Cork

Father Prout, the lyricist who immortalised the bells of Shandon, was buried in the family vault near the foot of the tower of St. Ann's Church. His connection to the church is commemorated through his famous lyric about its bells.

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the bells of which gave rise to Father Prout's lyric {see p 25) and. also provided the late Wm. Black with a title for his well-known novel, Shandon Bells. We have already drawn attention to the two colours of its pepper-box-like steeple, but otherwise the building does not call for comment. It dates from 1722. There are quaint inscriptions on the bells, one of which states that " Abel Rudhall, of Glo'ster, made us all." The tower clock has four dials and can be seen from nearly all parts of the city. Father Prout was buried in the family vault near the foot of the tower.
Just beyond and above Shandon Church is St. Mary's Roman Catholic Cathedral,

Internet Archive pictorialdescrip00ward_0

As the companion tells it

Shandon in Cork. The church here dates from 1722, with a pepper-box steeple of two colours and a tower clock with four dials that can be seen from nearly all parts of the city. The bells gave rise to Father Prout's lyric, and also provided the late Wm. Black with a title for his well-known novel, Shandon Bells. There are quaint inscriptions on the bells, one of which states that Abel Rudhall, of Gloucester, made them all. Father Prout was buried in the family vault near the foot of the tower.

Glengariff's Alpine valley described by S.C. Hall

Glengarriff · townland · Cork

S.C. Hall describes Glengariff as a deep Alpine valley enclosed by precipitous hills, about three miles long and seldom exceeding a quarter mile in breadth, enriched with wood and water. Thackeray remarked that were such a bay on English shores it would be a world's wonder.

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" Language utterly fails," declares Mr. S. C. Hall, " to convey even a limited idea of the exceeding beauty of Glengariff, which merits to the full the enthusiastic praise that has been lavished upon it by every traveller by whom it has been visited. It is a deep Alpine valley, enclosed by precipitous hills, about three miles in length, and seldom exceeding a quarter of a mile in breadth. Black and savage rocks embosom, as it were, a scene of surpassing loveliness, endowed by nature with the richest gifts of wood and water ; for the trees are graceful in form, luxuriant in foliage, and varied in character, and the rippling stream, the strong river, and the foaming cataract are supplied from a thousand rills collected in the mountains. Beyond all, is the magnificent bay, with its numerous islands, by one of which it is so guarded and sheltered as to receive the aspect of a serene lake. The artist cannot do it justice, and the pen must be laid aside in despair."
In the glen itself the sternest grandeur is softened by the tenderest loveliness. " Mountains are rent and rifted as if some convulsion of nature had shaken ancT torn them, upheaving their strata and serrating their wild summits, whilst their bases repose in woods and meadows of the softest verdure. Peaks rise above peaks lofty and bald, merging their frowning rocks in the shifting Atlantic mists ; beneath are smiling valleys, gemmed with myriads of flowers."

Internet Archive pictorialdescrip00ward_0, Chapter 71

As the companion tells it

Somewhere around here lies what Hall called a deep Alpine valley, enclosed by precipitous hills. He said language utterly fails to convey even a limited idea of the exceeding beauty of Glengariff. The valley runs about 3 miles long and seldom exceeds a quarter mile in breadth. Black and savage rocks embosom a scene of surpassing loveliness, endowed with the richest gifts of wood and water. The trees are graceful in form, luxuriant in foliage, and varied in character. A thousand rills collected in the mountains supply the rippling stream, the strong river, and the foaming cataract. Beyond all this is a magnificent bay with numerous islands, guarded by one so that it takes the aspect of a serene lake. Thackeray remarked that were such a bay on English shores it would be a world's wonder. Hall said the artist cannot do it justice, and the pen must be laid aside in despair. In the glen itself, the sternest grandeur is softened by the tenderest loveliness. Mountains are rent and rifted as if some convulsion of nature had shaken and torn them, upheaving their strata and serrating their wild summits, while their bases repose in woods and meadows of the softest verdure. Peaks rise above peaks, lofty and bald, merging their frowning rocks in the shifting Atlantic mists. Beneath are smiling valleys, gemmed with myriads of flowers.

Marlborough's Siege of Cork

Cork · city · Cork

After the deposition of James II, Churchill appeared before Cork's walls at the head of an Orange army and took the city after a five days' siege, during which the city suffered severely for its Stuart loyalty.

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dl Whennm due course, Charles II got his own again, he was proclaimed in Cork eleven days before that ceremony was performed in London. On the deposition of James II the city once more suffered for its loyalty to the Stuarts. Churchill appeared before its walls, at the head of an Orange army, and took it after a five days' siege, during which the city suffered severely. Kinsale, it may be noted, was captured a few days later; and this gave rise to the famous Jacobite song :-
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Internet Archive pictorialdescrip00ward_0, Chapter 18

As the companion tells it

Cork paid for its loyalty. When Charles II was restored, the city proclaimed him eleven days before London did. But when James II was deposed, it suffered again for standing with the Stuarts. Churchill came before its walls at the head of an Orange army and took it after a five days' siege, during which the city suffered severely. Kinsale fell a few days later.

Mitchelstown caves with stalactite chambers

Mitchelstown · townland · Cork

The celebrated caves near Mitchelstown contain rich stalactite formations and named chambers including the House of Commons, the House of Lords, the Organ, and Sadleir's Cave. They are reached via railway from Fermoy, about ten miles to the south.

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Fermoy is pleasantly situated on the Blackwater, and contains nearly seven thousand inhabitants, besides the troops, both infantry and cavalry, quartered in the large barracks. Being comparatively modern, there is little in the town to interest the tourist, but it is a good centre for anglers, and, having railway communication with Mitchelstown, about ten miles to the north, is a convenient spot from which to visit the celebrated caves and castle {see our Guide to Water ford). The caves are smaller than the Peak Cavern, but are richer than it in stalactites. They are more extensive than Cox's Cave at Cheddar but less beautiful. A low narrow passage gives place to a tunnel of ampler dimensions, leading to a large, circular chamber called the House of Commons. Near this another passage leads past a number of fluted musical columns, appropriately named the " Organ," to the House of Lords, a capacious and well-lighted cavern containing many beautiful and fantastic formations. From the House of Commons access is obtained to Sadleir's Cave, containing an immense stalactite that ha* been humorously
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Internet Archive pictorialdescrip00ward_0, Chapter 34

As the companion tells it

Close to Mitchelstown, there are celebrated caves, smaller than the Peak Cavern but richer in stalactites. They are more extensive than Cox's Cave at Cheddar, though less beautiful. A low, narrow passage gives way to a tunnel of ampler dimensions, leading to a large, circular chamber called the House of Commons. Near this, another passage leads past fluted musical columns, appropriately named the "Organ," to the House of Lords, a capacious and well-lighted cavern containing many beautiful and fantastic formations. From the House of Commons, access is obtained to Sadleir's Cave, which contains an immense stalactite. The caves can be reached by railway from Fermoy, a town on the Blackwater with nearly 7,000 inhabitants besides the infantry and cavalry quartered in the large barracks. Fermoy is comparatively modern, with little to interest the tourist, but it serves as a good centre for anglers.

Owenabwee (Carrigaline River) and Drake's escape

Carrigaline · town · Cork · 1587

The Carrigaline River, also called the Owenabwee or 'Amber Water,' extends inland for about twenty miles after a sharp twist. In 1587 Admiral Sir Francis Drake reportedly used it to escape after attacking the Spanish fleet.

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Carlisle Fort frowns above us on the east, and to the west we have a much indented coast-line, backed by hills and woods. Nearing Currabinny we sight to the right what is apparently a wide creek running inland as far as some woods, a mile or so away. , To this creek a pretty story is attached which Englishmen cannot but love to hear. In the first place the creek is not a creek at all, but a river, known variously as the Carrigaline River, or the Owenabwee, " Amber Water." Then, instead of a seeming course of one mile, it extends inland, after a sharp twist, for something like twenty miles, further, in fact, than to Kinsale Junction, on the Bandon line. For the first five miles or so, to the Carrigaline road, the water is fairly deep, and navigable at high tide. In the year 1587 Admiral Sir Francis Drake, having singed the Spaniard's beard and committed other enormities, found it convenient to show a glean pair of heels to a powerful

Internet Archive pictorialdescrip00ward_0, Chapter 23

As the companion tells it

As the road nears Carrigaline, you come upon the Owenabwee, meaning Amber Water, also called the Carrigaline River. It looks at first like a creek running inland toward some woods, but after a sharp twist it carries on for twenty miles, further than Kinsale Junction on the Bandon line. For the first five miles to the Carrigaline road the water is fairly deep and navigable at high tide. In 1587, Admiral Sir Francis Drake, having singed the Spaniard's beard and committed other enormities, found it convenient to show a clean pair of heels to a powerful fleet. He reportedly used this river to escape after attacking the Spanish. Carlisle Fort stands above on the east, and to the west the coast is much indented, backed by hills and woods.

Ringrone Castle built by Milo de Courcey

Ringrone · townland · Cork · 1181

Ringrone Castle was built by Milo de Courcey, ancestor of the present Lord Kingsale, premier baron of Ireland, a title going back to 1181. De Courcey was King John's champion against Philip of France and won the privilege of remaining covered in the sovereign's presence.

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a bold promontory, the name of which — derived from ceann saille, " a headland in the sea " — is happily descriptive. The summit is crowned by a lighthouse. In the neighbourhood are the ruins of Courtaparteen Church and Ringrone Castle, the latter of which was built by Milo de Courcey, the ancestor of the present Lord Kingsale, premier baron of Ireland (the title goes back to 118 1). De Courcey was selected by King John as his champion in a quarrel with Philip of France ; and, being adjudged the conqueror— his rival ran away without striking a blow — received as a reward for his gallantry the privilege of remaining covered in the presence of his sovereign, a privilege still preserved.
KINS ALE l73

Internet Archive pictorialdescrip00ward_0, Chapter 80

As the companion tells it

Close to Ringrone stand the ruins of a castle built by Milo de Courcey, ancestor of the present Lord Kingsale, premier baron of Ireland, a title that goes back to 1181. De Courcey was chosen by King John as his champion in a quarrel with Philip of France. His rival ran away without striking a blow, and De Courcey was adjudged the conqueror. As a reward for his gallantry he received the privilege of remaining covered in the presence of the sovereign, a privilege still preserved.

Rosscarbery's ancient university and abbey of St. Faughnan

Ross Carbery · town · Cork · 1612

According to Hanmer, Rosscarbery was once the site of a famous university. St. Faughnan founded an abbey there, whose church became the cathedral of a new see with the saint as first bishop. In 1612 the cathedral was rebuilt on a new site and the old abbey left to decay.

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Rosscarbery Bay indents the coast somewhat deeply to the west of Galley Head. Hanmer tells us that the town was once the site of " a famous university, whereto resorted all the south-west part of Ireland for learning's sake." The place acquired great celebrity from the sanctity of St. Faughnan, abbot of Moelanfaidh, in county Waterford, who, removing to Rosscarbery, founded an abbey here. The church of this abbey was in due time made into the cathedral of a new see, of which the saint became the first bishop. In 16 12, the cathedral was rebuilt on a new site, and the old abbey and its church were allowed to decay. Its ruins are now to the south of the cathedral, a carved head in the south wall being
CO UR TMA CSHERR Y—BA NDON 1 69

Internet Archive pictorialdescrip00ward_0, Chapter 79

As the companion tells it

As you pass through Ross Carbery in Cork, you are near a place Hanmer called the site of a famous university, whereto resorted all the south-west part of Ireland for learning's sake. St. Faughnan, abbot of Moelanfaidh in county Waterford, moved here and founded an abbey whose church became the cathedral of a new see, with the saint as its first bishop. In 1612 the cathedral was rebuilt on a new site and the old abbey was left to decay. Its ruins now lie south of the cathedral, with a carved head still set in the south wall.

Strancally Castle on the Blackwater

Strancally · townland · Waterford

Strancally Castle, a new castle, is described as embowered in extensive woods along the River Blackwater, with lofty towers and battlements rising above the trees. It presents a venerable and pleasing appearance to travellers on the river.

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rocks, have a peculiarly venerable and pleasing appearance. The new castle of Strancally is seen embowered in extensive woods, above which rise its lofty towers and battlements. Further on, and also overlooking the river, is Dromana Castle, environed with beautiful plantations. Here was born the Countess of Desmond, celebrated for longevity, who is said to have lived 140 years, and whose vitality was only then crushed by a fall from a tree.
She was born in the reign of Edward IV, and lived far into the reign of James I. The tradition, preserved by the Earl of Leicester, is that her life was ended by accident. " She must needs," says he, " climb a nut-tree to gather nuts ; so, falling down, she hurt her thigh, which brought a fever and that brought death." She was the second wife of the twelfth Earl of Desmond, a family of such immense possessions and influence that it could place 5,000 or 6,000 men in the field. The Countess was personally known to Raleigh, who received a grant out of the Desmond property, which had been forfeited by the rebellion of the sixteenth earl, in 1579. Raleigh was under an obligation to plant it with English families, and we find him excusing himself for the nonfulfilment of this engagement by saying, " There remaynes unto me but an old castle and demayne which are yet in the occupation of the old Countess of Desmond for her jointure."

Internet Archive pictorialdescrip00ward_0, Chapter 31

As the companion tells it

Somewhere close to Strancally, a castle stands embowered in extensive woods along the River Blackwater, its lofty towers and battlements rising above the trees. It presents a venerable and pleasing appearance to those travelling on the river. Further along, also overlooking the river, stands Dromana Castle, environed with beautiful plantations, where the Countess of Desmond was born. She was celebrated for longevity, said to have lived 140 years, her vitality only then crushed by a fall from a tree. She was born in the reign of Edward IV and lived far into the reign of James I. The Earl of Leicester preserved the tradition of her death. "She must needs," he says, "climb a nut-tree to gather nuts; so, falling down, she hurt her thigh, which brought a fever and that brought death." She was the second wife of the twelfth Earl of Desmond, a family of such immense possessions and influence that it could place 5,000 or 6,000 men in the field. The Countess was personally known to Raleigh, who received a grant out of the Desmond property, forfeited by the rebellion of the sixteenth earl in 1579. Raleigh was obliged to plant it with English families, yet he excused himself, saying, "There remaynes unto me but an old castle and demayne which are yet in the occupation of the old Countess of Desmond for her jointure."

The Pass of Keimaneigh — "the pass of the deer"

near Keimaneigh · pass · Cork

A stern defile over a mile and a quarter in length, regarded as perhaps the finest mountain pass in Ireland. The mountain appears to have been split apart by a mighty convulsion, with matching strata visible on both sides of the deep cleft.

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" the pass of the deer," is a stern defile, more than a mile and a quarter in length, and probably the finest thing of its kind in Ireland, though some would be disposed to give the preference to the Pass of Ballaghbeama in Kerry (see p. 132). The mountain appears to have been rent asunder by some mighty convulsion, and the minute correspondence and similarity of the strata on each side is apparent in many places. There is only just room in the deep cleft for the narrow road and the torrent which foams beside it. Great cracked masses of rock are poised above, and threaten at my moment to fall.
The summit of the pass is 700 feet above sea-level, and s the highest part of the route. On emerging, we round :he unmistakable Sheehy Mountain, and have the river Iwvane for company all the way down the long descent to 3antry Bay. The views ahead are, in clear weather, superb. Vbout midway we pass the Castle of Carrignass (" Rock of he Waterfall "), a former seat of the omnipresent O'Sullivans, md in very fair preservation. At the head of the bay, the oad turns leftward to Bantry (see p. 161), four miles, and lghtward to Glengariff (p. 153), seven miles.

Internet Archive pictorialdescrip00ward_0, Chapter 82

As the companion tells it

Near here is the Pass of Keimaneigh, 'the pass of the deer.' It is a stern defile, more than a mile and a quarter in length, and probably the finest thing of its kind in Ireland, though some would give the preference to the Pass of Ballaghbeama in Kerry. The mountain appears to have been rent asunder by some mighty convulsion, and the minute correspondence and similarity of the strata on each side is apparent in many places. There is only just room in the deep cleft for the narrow road and the torrent which foams beside it. Great cracked masses of rock are poised above and threaten at any moment to fall. The summit of the pass is 700 feet above sea-level, the highest part of the route. On emerging, the route rounds the unmistakable Sheehy Mountain, and the river Iwane keeps company all the way down the long descent to Bantry Bay. The views are, in clear weather, superb. About midway comes the Castle of Carrignass, the Rock of the Waterfall, a former seat of the O'Sullivans, in very fair preservation.

Turnpike rocks and the cannon echo at Gap of Dunloe

near Gap of Dunloe · pass · Kerry

Near Black Lough where the valley narrows, curious rocks called the Turnpike mark the point where cars cannot proceed and ponies must be used. A man fires a small cannon for sixpence a shot, producing remarkable echoes that rebound between the peaks and precipices of the Purple Mountain and the Reeks.

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Close to Black Lough, where the valley narrows so as to leave scarcely room for the road and the stream, we come to some curious rocks, called the Turnpike. As cars cannot proceed farther, it is usual to have ponies waiting here. Sometimes a man will come forward, and, for sixpence a shot, or cheaper " if a quantity are taken," fire a small cannon. The effect is wonderful. A thousand repetitions spring from the mountain, caverns and hollows ; a perfect torrent of thunder rushes from the peaks and ravines and is hurled back by the precipices of the Purple Mountain. Again the assault of sound is made on the Reeks, and repulsed from the Purple Rocks ; and this conflict of sound goes on between rock and rock, booming like a great piece of ordnance, until,
Killarney {i)

Internet Archive pictorialdescrip00ward_0, Chapter 55

As the companion tells it

Somewhere about Gap of Dunloe, close to Black Lough where the valley narrows so as to leave scarcely room for the road and the stream, there are curious rocks called the Turnpike. Cars cannot proceed farther, and ponies wait here. Sometimes a man comes forward and, for sixpence a shot, or cheaper if a quantity are taken, fires a small cannon. The effect is wonderful. A thousand repetitions spring from the mountain, from caverns and hollows. A perfect torrent of thunder rushes from the peaks and ravines and is hurled back by the precipices of the Purple Mountain. The assault of sound is made on the Reeks and repulsed from the Purple Rocks. This conflict of sound goes on between rock and rock, booming like a great piece of ordnance.

Blarney Castle and the famous stone

near Blarney · townland · Cork

Blarney Castle, with its famous stone, lies about a mile and a half west of Blarney station in an extensive hollow amid the Groves of Blarney. It is reached after passing the stations at Mourne Abbey and Rathduff.

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If the tourist intends, instead of proceeding direct to Killarney, to travel via the " Prince of Wales," or via the Macroom Route, he continues along the main line to Cork. The country is of a pretty, pastoral character, with an imposing background of mountains, but calls for no remark until, after passing the stations at Mourne Abbey and RathdurT,' Blarney is reached. The famous Castle, with its still more famous stone, lies about a mile and a half to the west, in an extensive hollow, amid the " Groves of Blarney." Another three or four miles and we plunge into a long tunnel, emerging in the north-eastern part of Cork (ref. room at station).
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Internet Archive pictorialdescrip00ward_0, Chapter 15

As the companion tells it

Close to Blarney, the famous Castle stands with its still more famous stone, set in an extensive hollow amid the Groves of Blarney. The guidebook describes the approach by rail, past the stations at Mourne Abbey and Rathduff, through pretty pastoral country backed by mountains. After those stations, Blarney is reached, and the castle lies about a mile and a half to the west, in that hollow among the groves. Beyond it, another three or four miles bring a long tunnel, emerging in the north-eastern part of Cork.

Crawford Municipal Schools of Science and Art

Cork · city · Cork · 1885

The Crawford Municipal Schools of Science and Art occupy the site of the old Custom House in Cork, granted by the Crown to the Corporation in 1883. The new buildings were the gift of William H. Crawford and opened by the Prince and Princess of Wales in 1885, containing classrooms and a gallery of works by Cork artists.

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The Crawford Municipal Schools of Science and Art. {Visitors are admitted to the museum, class rooms, and lecture theatre daily, Sundays excepted, from 10.0 to 10.0.) This important institution occupies the site of the old Custom House, which having been used by the Royal Cork Institution till it ceased to exist, was granted by the Crown to the Corporation m 1883 for the erection of the schools. The new buildings were'the gift of the late Mr. William H. Crawford (hence their name), and were opened by the then Prince and Princess of Wales in 1885. In addition to classrooms for painting, lacemaking, modelling, and other subjects, there is a small sculpture and picture gallery, containing a collection of works by Cork artists, headed, as is only proper, by Machse. The
42 CORK

Internet Archive pictorialdescrip00ward_0

As the companion tells it

In Cork you have the Crawford Municipal Schools of Science and Art, occupying the site of the old Custom House. That building had been used by the Royal Cork Institution until it ceased to exist, and the site was granted by the Crown to the Corporation in 1883 for the erection of the schools. The new buildings were the gift of the late Mr. William H. Crawford, hence their name, and were opened by the then Prince and Princess of Wales in 1885. As well as classrooms for painting, lacemaking, modelling, and other subjects, there is a small sculpture and picture gallery containing a collection of works by Cork artists, headed, as the guide puts it, "as is only proper, by Machse."

Cromwell's Tower at St. Mary's

Youghal · town · Cork

The massive tower of St. Mary's Church in Youghal has a height of 50 feet and is known as Cromwell's Tower, connecting the church to the Cromwellian occupation of the town.

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The town received its first charter from King John, and is said to derive its name from the Irish word for yew-wood, the hills having been formerly covered with yews. It was once strongly fortified, and a large part of its walls still stand on the western and northern sides. Cromwell entered it in 1649, by the Water Gate, and for a time made the town his headquarters. On the site of the ancient South Gate now stands a structure called the Clock Gate. In Main Street is an ancient tower known as Tynte's Castle. (It is on the right-hand side as one comes from the Clock Tower.) A few yards from this, a street on the left leads to St. Mary's Church, occupying the site of a church which existed before the Norman invasion, was rebuilt by the eighth Earl of Desmond, who founded a college in connection with it in 1464, and was restored early in the seventeenth century by the '"great" Earl of Cork.* (The college just mentioned is still standing in Nelson Street, close to the church. It was, for a time, the residence of William Congreve, the dramatist, and his father, the latter being the earl's agent.) The massive tower of the church has a height of 50 feet, and is known as Cromwell's
* The first Earl of Cork, who arrived in Ireland in 1588, says in his autobiography : " All my wealth was £27 3s. in money, a diamond ring, a bracelet of gold, a taffety doublet, a pair of black velvet breeches, laced and cut upon taffety, two cloaks, competent in6Il a£d .necessaries> with my rapier and dagger." Before his death his income was at the rate of £5o a day, exclusive of the value of his houses and parks, ' '

Internet Archive pictorialdescrip00ward_0, Chapter 29

As the companion tells it

Youghal takes its name from the Irish word for yew-wood, the hills here once covered with yews. King John gave the town its first charter. It was strongly fortified, and a large part of its walls still stand on the western and northern sides. Cromwell entered in 1649 by the Water Gate and for a time made the town his headquarters. On the site of the ancient South Gate now stands a structure called the Clock Gate. In Main Street is an ancient tower known as Tynte's Castle. A street from there leads to the church of St. Mary's, which occupies the site of a church that existed before the Norman invasion. The eighth Earl of Desmond rebuilt it and founded a college in connection with it in 1464. Early in the 17th century, the "great" Earl of Cork restored the church. That college still stands in Nelson Street, close by. For a time it was the residence of William Congreve, the dramatist, and his father, who was the earl's agent. The massive tower of the church has a height of 50 feet and is known as Cromwell's Tower. The first Earl of Cork, who arrived in Ireland in 1588, wrote in his autobiography: "All my wealth was £27 3s. in money, a diamond ring, a bracelet of gold, a taffety doublet, a pair of black velvet breeches, laced and cut upon taffety, two cloaks, competent and necessaries, with my rapier and dagger." Before his death his income was at the rate of £50 a day, exclusive of the value of his houses and parks.

Fitzgerald Park and Cork International Exhibition

near Fitzgerald Park · street · Cork · 1902–1903

The ground north of the Mardyke formed the site of the Cork International Exhibition of 1902-3 and was afterwards converted into a public park named Fitzgerald Park in honour of Sir Edward Fitzgerald, Bart., Lord Mayor at the time of the Exhibition.

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But the encroachments of the builder have robbed the Mardyke of much of its charm, and it cannot for a moment compare with the Marina, at the other end of the city {see P- 42). The ground to the north formed the site of the Cork International Exhibition, 1902-3, and has now been converted into a public park, known as Fitzgerald Park, in - honour of Sir Edward Fitzgerald, Bart., who was Lord Mayor at the time of the Exhibition.
On the other side of the North River, and reached by ferry or by the Wellington Bridge, near the end of the Mardyke, is the district of—

Internet Archive pictorialdescrip00ward_0, Chapter 16

As the companion tells it

Somewhere about Fitzgerald Park, the ground north of the Mardyke formed the site of the Cork International Exhibition of 1902 to 1903. Afterwards it was converted into a public park, named Fitzgerald Park in honour of Sir Edward Fitzgerald, Bart., who was Lord Mayor at the time of the Exhibition. The builders had encroached on the Mardyke before then, and the guide says it could not compare with the Marina at the other end of the city.

Gap of Dunloe: wild gorge between Tomies and Macgillycuddy Reeks

near Gap of Dunloe · pass · Kerry

The Gap of Dunloe is a wild gorge running almost due south for about four miles, separating Tomies Mountain from the Macgillycuddy Reeks. Its gates are almost perpendicular rocks, with hills on either side called the Holly and Bull Mountains, and a small stream traversing the valley that expands into gloomy lakes.

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The Gap is a strangely wild gorge, separating the Tomies Mountain from the Macgillycuddy Reeks, and running almost due south for about four miles. The gates of this romantic valley are almost perpendicular rocks, which scarcely give room for the road. The hills on either side are spurs of the great mountains, called respectively the Holly and Bull Mountains. A small stream traverses the valley, expanding in places into gloomy lakes, called the Cummeen Thomeen Lakes, remarkable for the inky blackness of their waters. The farthest of them, Black Lough, exceeds the others in this respect and in coldness. While the other lakelets abound in fish, this has none ; and Paddy assures us that this is due to the fact that the lake is the identical spot where St. Patrick drowned the last serpent.
Proceeding along the valley, the rocks rise on either side in wild confusion, apparently ready to topple over and crush the visitor. The narrow torrent is twice crossed by the road, the brawling waters intensifying the desolate but sublime character of the scene. As we advance, the outline of the mountains changes. Huge boulders appear above the path, and shattered fragments of rock strew the steep mountain slopes. The Purple Mountain, with all its chromatic beauties ; the Tomies, with its glowing lights and intense shadows ; and the Reeks, lifting their aspiring summits ; then the black unruffled lakelets, as cold, still, and silent as death, combine to make a picture which has no equal in Killarney. It is a scene of utter solitude and desolation — a picture of the valley of the shadow of death. In a distance of about two miles after leaving Cushvalley Lough, the road rises some 400 feet, the way being encumbered with rocks.

Internet Archive pictorialdescrip00ward_0, Chapter 55

As the companion tells it

Somewhere about Gap of Dunloe, there is a strangely wild gorge that separates Tomies Mountain from the Macgillycuddy Reeks, running almost due south for about 4 miles. The gates of this valley are almost perpendicular rocks, which scarcely give room for the road. The hills on either side are spurs of the great mountains, called the Holly and Bull Mountains. A small stream traverses the valley, expanding in places into gloomy lakes, the Cummeen Thomeen Lakes, remarkable for the inky blackness of their waters. The farthest of them, Black Lough, exceeds the others in this respect and in coldness. While the other lakelets abound in fish, this has none. Paddy assures us that this is due to the fact that the lake is the identical spot where St. Patrick drowned the last serpent. Proceeding along the valley, the rocks rise on either side in wild confusion, apparently ready to topple over and crush the visitor. The narrow torrent is twice crossed by the road, the brawling waters intensifying the desolate but sublime character of the scene. As you advance, the outline of the mountains changes. Huge boulders appear above the path, and shattered fragments of rock strew the steep mountain slopes. The Purple Mountain, the Tomies with its glowing lights and intense shadows, and the Reeks lifting their aspiring summits, then the black unruffled lakelets, as cold, still, and silent as death, combine to make a picture which has no equal in Killarney. It is a scene of utter solitude and desolation, what the book calls "the valley of the shadow of death." In a distance of about 2 miles after leaving Cushvalley Lough, the road rises some 400 feet, the way encumbered with rocks.

The Long Range connecting the Killarney Lakes

near Lough Leane · lake or lakes · Kerry

The three Killarney lakes—Upper, Middle (Tore), and Lower (Lough Leane)—are joined by a winding stream known as the Long Range. Sir Walter Scott reportedly considered the Long Range superior to any scenery in the Scottish lake district.

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The chief attraction of the district is the beautiful scenery surrounding the famous lakes, which are three in number, known respectively as the Upper ; the Middle, or Tore ; and the Lower, or more properly Lough Leane. The lakes are connected by a tortuous stream, called the Long Range, which winds in and out in the most pleasant manner. The lakes are fed by a number of mountain streams, their surplus water being discharged by the river Laune, which flows from the south-west corner of the Lower Lake to Castlemaine Harbour, on the coast of Kerry. The Long Range was admitted by Sir Walter Scott to be finer than anything in his beloved Scottish lake district. The head of the Lower Lake and the whole of the other two are surrounded by high mountains and scenery of the most romantic nature ; and after exploring the lakes as recommended in the following pages, we believe most tourists will agree with Thackeray when he pronounces them " too handsome."
If the visitor is pressed for time and does not fear fatigue, he may, by " galloping over the lakes in one day," get a glimpse of their more prominent features. To do so, he may proceed by Aghadoe ; visit Dunloe Castle, and ascend Carran Tual, descending by the Black Valley ; and return by boat through the lakes. Or he may proceed back through the Gap of Dunloe, and home by Lord Brandon's Cottage, Derrycunnihy, Eagles' Nest, Tore and Muckross. Another one day excursion is by Aghadoe, Beaufort Bridge, through the Pass of Dunloe, and back by water from the head of the Upper Lake, visiting Dinish Island, O' Sullivan's Cascade, Innisf alien and Ross.

Internet Archive pictorialdescrip00ward_0, Chapter 42

As the companion tells it

Lough Leane is the lowest of the three Killarney lakes, and the road passes through country that owes its fame to the water and the mountains around it. The lakes are three in number. There is the Upper, the Middle, also called Tore, and the Lower, properly known as Lough Leane. They are joined by a tortuous stream called the Long Range, which winds in and out in what the old guide calls the most pleasant manner. Mountain streams feed the lakes, and their surplus water flows out by the river Laune, from the south-west corner of the Lower Lake, down to Castlemaine Harbour on the coast of Kerry. The Long Range was admitted by Sir Walter Scott to be finer than anything in his beloved Scottish lake district. The head of the Lower Lake and the whole of the other two are surrounded by high mountains and scenery of the most romantic nature. Thackeray pronounced them, in the guide's words, too handsome. If a visitor is pressed for time and does not fear fatigue, he may, by galloping over the lakes in one day, get a glimpse of their more prominent features. He may go by Aghadoe, visit Dunloe Castle, and ascend Carran Tual, descending by the Black Valley, and return by boat through the lakes. Or he may go back through the Gap of Dunloe, and home by Lord Brandon's Cottage, Derrycunnihy, Eagles' Nest, Tore, and Muckross. Another route goes by Aghadoe, Beaufort Bridge, through the Pass of Dunloe, and back by water from the head of the Upper Lake, visiting Dinish Island, O'Sullivan's Cascade, Innisfallen, and Ross.

Two lighthouses erected on Skellig Michael in 1826

near Skellig Rock Great · townland · Kerry · 1826

Two lighthouses were built on the island in 1826 and connected by a road cut along the face of the cliff. The island is an enormous mass of slaty rock divided into two pyramidal summits, the higher reaching about 700 feet.

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about nine miles from Bolus Head, the southern cape of county Kerry, and some twelve to the south-west of Bray Head. They are the favourite haunt of sea-birds, notably gannets ; at times, indeed, they are nearly covered with them. The larger island is an enormous mass of slaty rock, divided, at the height of about fifty yards, into two pyramidal summits, the higher of which reaches an altitude of some 700 feet ; the other is 100 feet lower. In early times there was a monastery here, the ruins of which may still be seen ; but the island was devastated by the Danes in 812, and the monks were starved in their cells. Until recently, the island was a place of penance, and was annually visited by great numbers of devotees, who climbed the highest summits, stopping at various stations and performing orisons at each. Two lighthouses were erected on the island in 1826 and are connected by a road along the face of the cliff.
Cahirciveen to Parknasilla.

Internet Archive pictorialdescrip00ward_0, Chapter 64

As the companion tells it

Somewhere around here, on the larger of two islands, two lighthouses were put up in 1826, connected by a road cut along the face of the cliff. The island sits about 9 miles from Bolus Head, the southern cape of county Kerry, and some 12 miles to the south-west of Bray Head. It is an enormous mass of slaty rock, divided at a height of about 50 yards into two pyramidal summits. The higher reaches about 700 feet; the other is 100 feet lower. Sea-birds favour the place, notably gannets, and at times the birds nearly cover it. In early times there was a monastery here, and the ruins may still be seen. The Danes devastated the island in 812, and the monks were starved in their cells. Until recently it was a place of penance, visited each year by great numbers of devotees, who climbed the highest summits, stopping at various stations and performing orisons at each.

Ascent of the Sugarloaf above Bantry Bay

Sugarloaf Hill · hill or hills · Tipperary

The Sugarloaf, rising 1,887 feet near Castletown Bearhaven, offered a full-day mountain ascent via the Bearhaven road. From the south-eastern slope and summit, a fine view of the whole extent of Bantry Bay was gained.

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The mountaineer may care to make the ascent of the Sugarloaf (1,887 feet). The distance is about seven miles from the Eccles Hotel, but a whole day will be required and lunch should be taken. As there are several routes to the summit, local guidance should be sought, but a fairly simple ascent may be made by following the Bearhaven road until about a mile beyond the inlet known as Cooberagh Harbour. Here turn to the right and ascend the south-eastern slope of the mountain. A fine view is gained of the whole extent of Bantry Bay.
Half a mile on the Castletown Bearhaven road is an iron gate. Here there is a road to the right passing Lady Bantry's Look-Out, which affords a capital evening walk for those who wish to see really effective colour. By taking a sharp road to the right one comes back to the main road again.

Internet Archive pictorialdescrip00ward_0, Chapter 74

As the companion tells it

Sugarloaf Hill stands 1,887 feet high, near Castletown Bearhaven, and the guide says the mountaineer may care to make the ascent. It is about 7 miles from the Eccles Hotel, but a whole day will be required and lunch should be taken. There are several routes to the summit, and local guidance should be sought. A fairly simple ascent may be made by following the Bearhaven road until about a mile beyond the inlet known as Cooberagh Harbour. There, turn to the right and ascend the south-eastern slope of the mountain. A fine view is gained of the whole extent of Bantry Bay. Half a mile on the Castletown Bearhaven road is an iron gate. A road to the right passes Lady Bantry's Look-Out, which affords a capital evening walk for those who wish to see really effective colour. A sharp road to the right brings you back to the main road again.

Beehive oratory on Church Island, Lough Currane

Church Island · island or archipelago · Kerry · 500–599

Church Island, the largest islet on Lough Currane, holds the ruins of a beehive oratory built by St. Finian Cam, a holy man of the sixth century. The lake is the second largest in Kerry, its surface broken by numerous islets.

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about eight miles in circumference, and second only in point of size in Kerry to the Lower Lake at Killarney. Its surface is broken by numerous islets, on the largest of which, Church Island, are the ruins of a beehive oratory, built by St. Finian Cam, a holy man of the sixth century. The lake is fed by the river Cummaragh, which conveys into it the overflow of Loughs Derriana and Cloonaghlin and of other mountain
140

Internet Archive pictorialdescrip00ward_0, Chapter 64

As the companion tells it

Church Island sits in Lough Currane, the second largest lake in Kerry, its surface scattered with islets. On the largest island stand the ruins of a beehive oratory, built by St. Finian Cam, a holy man of the sixth century. The lake is fed by the river Cummaragh, carrying the overflow of Loughs Derriana and Cloonaghlin from the mountains.

Giant's Stairs and the O'Mahony giant tradition

Passage West · town · Cork

The steep sandstone rock ledges on the Passage side of the channel separating the mainland from Great Island are known as the Giant's Stairs. Local tradition attributes their construction to a giant named O'Mahony, member of the powerful Mahony sept, from whom Lough Mahon takes its name.

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A comparatively narrow channel separates the mainland from Great Island, on which Queenstown stands. The ledges of steep sandstone rock on the Passage side are known as the Giant's Stairs, and are said to have been constructed by the giant O'Mahony, a member of the powerful sept of Mahonys, from whom Lough Mahon takes its name. Glenbrook, where is the next station, is a growing village much favoured by Cork people for summer residence. The Royal Victoria Hotel and Baths will arrest the eye by their curious construction, suggestive of primitive lake dwellings, though it is only fair to say that there is nothing primitive about the hotel itself, which is a very comfortable place of residence. The saltwater swimming-bath is 200 feet by 30 feet. Special bathers' tickets are issued from Cork at reduced rates, which include fare and bath.
half a mile further south, is believed to derive its name from a colony of Benedictine monks. The place contains the ruins of an Elizabethan fortified residence, known diversely as Monkstown Castle and O'Mahony's Castle. Tradition declares Anstatia Goold, whose lord, one John Archdecken, was fighting under Philip of Spain (possibly against his lawful sovereign), feeling " lonesome like " during his long absence from home, conceived the idea of erecting this castle to while away the time and to surprise him on his return. Being, like John Gilpin's spouse, of a frugal mind, she shrewdly stipulated that the workmen should buy all their food from her. They either^ lived very extravagantly, or were greatly overcharged, for^the lady's profits were so considerable that it was,

Internet Archive pictorialdescrip00ward_0, Chapter 22

As the companion tells it

Passage West sits on the mainland side of a narrow channel that separates it from Great Island, where Queenstown stands. On the Passage side of that channel, steep ledges of sandstone rock are known as the Giant's Stairs. Local tradition says they were built by a giant named O'Mahony, who belonged to the powerful sept of Mahonys. The same family gave its name to Lough Mahon, the stretch of water nearby. Glenbrook is the next station along, a growing village much favoured by Cork people for summer residence. The Royal Victoria Hotel and Baths arrest the eye by their curious construction, suggestive of primitive lake dwellings, though there is nothing primitive about the hotel itself, which is a very comfortable place of residence. The saltwater swimming-bath is 200 feet by 30 feet. Further south, the place is believed to derive its name from a colony of Benedictine monks. It contains the ruins of an Elizabethan fortified residence, known diversely as Monkstown Castle and O'Mahony's Castle. Tradition declares that Anstatia Goold, whose lord, one John Archdecken, was fighting under Philip of Spain, possibly against his lawful sovereign, feeling "lonesome like" during his long absence from home, conceived the idea of erecting this castle to while away the time and to surprise him on his return. Being of a frugal mind, she stipulated that the workmen should buy all their food from her. They either lived very extravagantly or were greatly overcharged, for the lady's profits were so considerable.

James II lands at Kinsale, 1689

Kinsale · town · Cork · 1689

James II landed at Kinsale in 1689 to commence the campaign that ended disastrously for him at the Boyne. For centuries Kinsale was the most important port on the south coast of Ireland.

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Kinsale was formerly governed under a charter of Edward III by a " sovereign " and other officials. It has an interesting history. The Spaniards frequently captured and held the place for longer or shorter periods ; and it took part in all the struggles between the Saxons and the " native Irish," from the time when Strongbow first subjected it to the English crown to its capture by Marlborough and the extinction of the hopes of the^last of the Stuarts. James II landed at Kinsale in 1689 to commence the campaign that ended so disastrously for him at the Boyne. For centuries Kinsale was the most important port on the coast, and though it has long since given way to Queenstown, its harbour is capacious and well sheltered, and it is still the headquarters of the important fisheries of the south of Ireland. The fishermen of the port are daring seamen and good pilots. The harbour is protected by
The^Old Head of Kinsale,

Internet Archive pictorialdescrip00ward_0, Chapter 80

As the companion tells it

Kinsale has a long and unsettled history. The Spaniards captured and held the place more than once, for longer or shorter periods. It stood in every struggle between the Saxons and the native Irish, from the time Strongbow first subjected it to the English crown to its capture by Marlborough and the extinction of the hopes of the last of the Stuarts. James II landed at Kinsale in 1689 to commence the campaign that ended so disastrously for him at the Boyne. For centuries Kinsale was the most important port on the coast, and though it has long since given way to Queenstown, its harbour is capacious and well sheltered. It is still the headquarters of the important fisheries of the south of Ireland. The fishermen of the port are daring seamen and good pilots. The harbour is protected by the Old Head of Kinsale.

Rosscarbery Abbey ruins and carved founder head

Ross Carbery · town · Cork

The ruins of the old abbey at Rosscarbery lie south of the cathedral, with a carved head in the south wall pointed out as that of St. Faughnan, the founder. The cathedral, of Perpendicular architecture with a square tower and octagonal spire, is now used as the parish church.

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Rosscarbery Bay indents the coast somewhat deeply to the west of Galley Head. Hanmer tells us that the town was once the site of " a famous university, whereto resorted all the south-west part of Ireland for learning's sake." The place acquired great celebrity from the sanctity of St. Faughnan, abbot of Moelanfaidh, in county Waterford, who, removing to Rosscarbery, founded an abbey here. The church of this abbey was in due time made into the cathedral of a new see, of which the saint became the first bishop. In 16 12, the cathedral was rebuilt on a new site, and the old abbey and its church were allowed to decay. Its ruins are now to the south of the cathedral, a carved head in the south wall being
CO UR TMA CSHERR Y—BA NDON 1 69

Internet Archive pictorialdescrip00ward_0, Chapter 79

As the companion tells it

As you come through Ross Carbery, the old abbey ruins lie south of the cathedral. Hanmer wrote that this town was once the site of "a famous university, whereto resorted all the south-west part of Ireland for learning's sake." St. Faughnan, abbot of Moelanfaidh in county Waterford, came here and founded the abbey. Its church became the cathedral of a new see, and St. Faughnan served as its first bishop. The cathedral was later rebuilt on a new site, and the old abbey was left to decay. Today a carved head in the south wall of the ruins is pointed out as that of St. Faughnan himself. The cathedral, with its square tower and octagonal spire, now serves as the parish church.

United States Cable Company station at Ballinskelligs

Ballinskelligs · townland · Kerry

At Ballinskelligs, across the bay directly opposite Waterville, the station of the United States Cable Company could be seen. This complemented the cable infrastructure at Waterville on the other side of Ballinskelligs Bay.

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The village, which bids fair shortly to become a town, is largely resorted to by anglers, who find good sport in the lough and in the many streams and lakes in the neighbourhood. Fishing is, for the most part, free ; salmon and brown and white trout are plentiful. The first object to arrest attention on entering the place (close to the Bay View Hotel) is a handsome stone fountain erected to the memory of James Butler. Here is the junction with another road which comes directly through the mountains from Kiharney, thirty-seven miles distant to the north-east, passing attractive Glencar on the way (see p. 1 30). The village is a tempting place of sojourn, commanding magnificent views of the Atlantic on the one hand, and of the mountains on the other ; and it is within three minutes' walk of Lough Currane. There is excellent sea bathing, the sands being level for a considerable distance from the shore, and one of the prettiest golf courses in Ireland. The salmon hatchery is also worth a visit. Here, also, the Commercial Cable Company land two of their cables — the latest completed in 1894 ; and their station, with the houses of the officials, is quite a feature of the village. The instrument rooms and so forth may be inspected on application. Two other cables connect France, near Havre, and England, near Weston-super-Mare, with this point. Moreover, at Ballinskelligs, across the bay, directly opposite Waterville, the station of the United States Cable Company may be seen. The village is clustered on the banks of the little river, a few hundred yards in length, which carries into the bay the surplus water of —
Lough Currane,

Internet Archive pictorialdescrip00ward_0, Chapter 64

As the companion tells it

Somewhere around here, across the bay directly opposite Waterville, the station of the United States Cable Company could be seen. The bay set the two places against each other. On the Waterville side, the Commercial Cable Company landed two of their cables, the latest completed in 1894. Their station, with the houses of the officials, was quite a feature of the village, and the instrument rooms could be inspected on application. Two other cables connected France, near Havre, and England, near Weston-super-Mare, with that point. Over here at Ballinskelligs, the United States Cable Company kept its station. The guidebook describes the village across the bay as a place largely resorted to by anglers, who found good sport in the lough and in the many streams and lakes in the neighbourhood. Fishing was for the most part free, with salmon and brown and white trout plentiful. Close to the Bay View Hotel stood a handsome stone fountain erected to the memory of James Butler. A road came directly through the mountains from Killarney, thirty-seven miles to the north-east, passing Glencar on the way. The village commanded views of the Atlantic on one hand and the mountains on the other, and lay within three minutes' walk of Lough Currane. There was excellent sea bathing on level sands and one of the prettiest golf courses in Ireland. The salmon hatchery was also worth a visit.

Church Island early monastery remains

Church Island · island or archipelago · Kerry

On Church Island in Valentia Harbour are the remains of an early monastery, an oratory, and some beehive cells. These are listed among the interesting spots in the neighbourhood of Cahirciveen.

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Cahirciveen, though unimportant in itself, makes a good centre for sportsmen, and even the ordinary tourist will find plenty to occupy him in the numerous walks and drives through the little known scenery of this rugged western promontory. He can make his headquarters either here or at Valentia Island. Among the interesting spots in the neighbourhood are the ruins of Ballycarberry Castle, one of the seats of the McCarthy-More, of which the O'Connells were the hereditary constables. It is near Doulus Head, a promontory to the north-west, separated from the town by the mouth of the river. Near the castle is an ancient circular fort, similar to Staigue Fort (see p. 142), but not so perfect. The interior of one of the caves beneath Doulus Head is very lofty, and bears some resemblance to that of a cathedral. On Church Island, in Valentia Harbour, are the remains of an early monastery, an oratory, and some beehive cells.
A mile and a half north-east of Cahirciveen are the few remains of Carhan House, the old mansion of the O'Connell family, said to have been the birthplace of the famous statesman.

Internet Archive pictorialdescrip00ward_0, Chapter 62

As the companion tells it

Church Island sits in Valentia Harbour, and on it are the remains of an early monastery, an oratory, and some beehive cells. The guidebook that records these lists them among the interesting spots in the neighbourhood of Cahirciveen. Cahirciveen itself, though unimportant in itself, makes a good centre for sportsmen, and even the ordinary tourist will find plenty to occupy him in the numerous walks and drives through the little known scenery of this rugged western promontory. You can make your headquarters either there or at Valentia Island. The same guidebook names other spots nearby. The ruins of Ballycarberry Castle stand near Doulus Head, a promontory to the north-west, separated from the town by the mouth of the river. Ballycarberry was one of the seats of the McCarthy-More, of which the O'Connells were the hereditary constables. Near the castle is an ancient circular fort, similar to Staigue Fort, but not so perfect. The interior of one of the caves beneath Doulus Head is very lofty, and bears some resemblance to that of a cathedral. A mile and a half north-east of Cahirciveen are the few remains of Carhan House, the old mansion of the O'Connell family, said to have been the birthplace of the famous statesman.

Dinish Island and O'Sullivan's Punch Bowl

near Dinish Island · townland · Kerry

Dinish Island, properly Dine-iske meaning 'the beginning of the waters,' is richly wooded with arbutus groves and a rustic cottage for visitors. A bridge connects it to Brickeen Island and Muckross demesne, where old copper mines can be visited.

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to see O'Sullivan's Punch Bowl. Embowered in arbutus groves, a pretty rustic Cottage has been built for the accommodation of visitors. Here we can take tea, or saunter about and walk over to see Brickeen Island ; and further on, across another bridge, then entering Muckross demesne, visit the lakelet of Doolah and the old copper mines. The name is properly Dine-iske (" the beginning of the waters"), but the boatmen know it as Dinish Island. Again we embark, this time on —
The Middle Lake,

Internet Archive pictorialdescrip00ward_0, Chapter 57

As the companion tells it

Close to Dinish Island, you have what the boatmen call Dinish Island, though its proper name is Dine-iske, meaning 'the beginning of the waters.' There's a rustic cottage built for visitors among arbutus groves, and a spot known as O'Sullivan's Punch Bowl. A bridge leads over to Brickeen Island, and across another bridge you can enter Muckross demesne, visit the lakelet of Doolah and see the old copper mines.

Mallow, the Bath of Ireland

Mallow · town · Cork

Mallow, on the banks of the Cork Blackwater, was at one time known as the Bath of Ireland and was a popular resort for invalids who came to drink the waters of its spa and admire the scenery. The mineral waters are very similar to those of Clifton.

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Leaving Buttevant and continuing our southward course, we soon reach Mallow, a noted town and an important railway junction (ref. room), on the banks of the Cork Blackwater. Passengers for Killarney should ascertain whether it is necessary to change here. At one time known as the Bath of Ireland, Mallow was a popular resort of invalids and others who came to drink the waters of its spa and to admire the scenery ; while the excellent fishing in the river and the convenience of railway transit still render it a favourite centre for anglers. The mineral waters of Mallow are very similar to those of Clifton.

Internet Archive pictorialdescrip00ward_0, Chapter 14

As the companion tells it

Mallow sits on the banks of the Cork Blackwater, a noted town and an important railway junction. At one time it was known as the Bath of Ireland. People came here, invalids and others, to drink the waters of its spa and to admire the scenery. The mineral waters are very similar to those of Clifton. The excellent fishing in the river and the convenience of railway transit still make it a favourite centre for anglers.

Muckross House and Queen Victoria's 1861 visit

Muckross · townland · Kerry · 1861

Muckross House is an Elizabethan mansion in white Portland stone, the seat of Lord Ardilaun, overlooking the Middle Lake and close to Muckross Abbey. Queen Victoria and the Prince Consort were entertained there during their 1861 visit to the lakes.

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The private residences in the vicinity of Killarney are numerous and worthy of their unrivalled environment. Killarney House, the magnificent Irish home of the Earl of Kenmare, adorns the crest of a hill at the west end of the town, surrounded by its splendid demesne and park of vast extent, skirting the Lower Lake. In the exquisite Italian gardens of the house a flower show is annually held, under the presidency of the Countess of Kenmare. The Annual Fete, under the auspices of the Gaelic League, is also held in the grounds. Muckross House (the seat of Lord Ardilaun), an Elizabethan mansion in white Portland stone, overlooks the Middle Lake, and is close to Muckross Abbey. The grounds are nearly 800 acres in extent. Here Queen Victoria and the Prince Consort were entertained on their visit to the lakes in 1861. Flesk Castle and Southhill House occupy elevated positions a little to the south of the town. From the battlements of the former an extensive view of the lakes may be obtained. Lake View House and Aghadoe House are situated on the western shore of the Lower Lake, and Cahernane House at its north-eastern end. The picturesque Park House takes its name from the Deer Park in which it stands, embowered in magnificent and aged trees. The grounds of all these residences are laid out with admirable taste and command delightful prospects. In recent years also a number of pretty villas have been erected in the neighbourhood of the town.
Killarney was visited in 1897 by the present Prince and Princess of Wales, who were delighted with the beauties of the lakes. It was suggested at the time that Killarney would form an ideal spot for a royal residence. Indeed, it is believed that negotitations were actually entered into for the purchase of Muckross House.

Internet Archive pictorialdescrip00ward_0, Chapter 36

As the companion tells it

Somewhere close to Muckross stands Muckross House, the seat of Lord Ardilaun, an Elizabethan mansion built in white Portland stone. It overlooks the Middle Lake and is close to Muckross Abbey. The grounds extend to nearly 800 acres. Queen Victoria and the Prince Consort were entertained here on their visit to the lakes in 1861. The private residences in the vicinity of Killarney are numerous and worthy of their unrivalled environment. Killarney House, the Irish home of the Earl of Kenmare, adorns the crest of a hill at the west end of the town, surrounded by its demesne and park of vast extent, skirting the Lower Lake. In its Italian gardens a flower show is annually held, under the presidency of the Countess of Kenmare. The Annual Fete, under the auspices of the Gaelic League, is also held in the grounds. Flesk Castle and Southhill House occupy elevated positions a little to the south of the town. Lake View House and Aghadoe House are situated on the western shore of the Lower Lake, and Cahernane House at its north-eastern end. The picturesque Park House takes its name from the Deer Park in which it stands, embowered in magnificent aged trees. The grounds of all these residences are laid out with admirable taste and command delightful prospects. Killarney was visited in 1897 by the Prince and Princess of Wales, who were delighted with the beauties of the lakes. It was suggested at the time that Killarney would form an ideal spot for a royal residence. Indeed, it is believed that negotiations were actually entered into for the purchase of Muckross House.

Parknasilla, former residence of the Bishop of Limerick

Parknasilla · sub-townland · Kerry

Parknasilla is a health resort whose demesne was formerly the residence of the Bishop of Limerick. It stands in a nook between the bay and Knockanamadane Hill, with wooded hills and a romantic broken coast studded with tree-covered islets.

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In the demesne, formerly the residence of the Bishop of Limerick, has been erected a tasteful and commodious hotel (under the control of the Great Southern and Western Railway Co.), to accommodate the tourists who in increasing numbers are making this place their headquarters. It is usual to stop at Parknasilla for the night, and the unhurried tourist is likely to remain longer. There are really two hotels in different parts of the grounds, the original residence and the fine new building. The grounds cover about a hundred acres, and include several islets connected by rustic bridges.
The situation of Parknasilla is delightful. It stands in a nook between the bay and Knockanamadane Hill (895 feet), with wooded hills rising all around, the romantic, broken coast studded with little tree-covered islets. Mr. Ward calls it " one of a little group of marine paradises on an inlet of the great sea lough," and frankly owns that " to describe the beauty of the spot is beyond us." On the important subject of climate a writer in the Dublin Journal of Medical Science says of Parknasilla :—

Internet Archive pictorialdescrip00ward_0, Chapter 66

As the companion tells it

This is Parknasilla, a health resort whose demesne was formerly the residence of the Bishop of Limerick. In that demesne a tasteful and commodious hotel has been erected, under the control of the Great Southern and Western Railway Company, to accommodate the tourists who in increasing numbers are making it their headquarters. It is usual to stop for the night, and the unhurried tourist is likely to remain longer. There are really two hotels in different parts of the grounds, the original residence and the fine new building. The grounds cover about 100 acres and include several islets connected by rustic bridges. The situation is delightful, standing in a nook between the bay and Knockanamadane Hill, 895 feet, with wooded hills rising all around, the romantic broken coast studded with little tree-covered islets. Mr. Ward calls it "one of a little group of marine paradises on an inlet of the great sea lough," and frankly owns that "to describe the beauty of the spot is beyond us."

Seefin mountain summit panorama

Seefin · electoral division · Cork

The steep ascent of Seefin (1,136 feet) on the drive round Dunmanus and Bantry Bays rewards climbers with a magnificent panorama of Bantry Bay, the fortified Bear Island, Castletown Bearhaven, and the Slieve Miskish and Caha Mountains.

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The Drive round Dunmanus and Bantry Bays, about rs miles This is a fine six hours' drive, for which circular tickets are issued from Cork. Lunch can be taken in the car, but a good hotel has recently been opened at Ahakista, on the shore of Dunmanus Bay, 12 miles from Bantry. The chief charm of the drive is due to the fact that the sea is close at hand all the way, except for the first 7 miles or so to Durrus. We drive past a succession of pretty coves, with fine views across Dunmanus Bay of Mount Gabriel (1,339 feet) and the rugged coast-line to Three Castle Head and Mizen Head. At Ahakista, as already stated, is a good hotel. When about two-thirds of the way down the promontory we reach the sequestered village of Killcrohane, and turning rightwards commence the steep ascent of Seefin (1,136 feet). How the horse manages to drag the car up is a mystery, and tourists will probably be glad of the opportunity of stretching their legs and showing mercy at the same time, particularly as the road winds so much that the scrambler by path has only about half the distance to go. The backward view is magnificent, but is surpassed, if only the mountain be free from mist, by that which burst's on the gaze in front when the summit is reached. The whole stretch of Bantry Bay, certainly one of the finest in the world, lies before one. Across the water is the strongly fortified Bear Island, sheltering the harbour and town of Castletown Bearhaven (see p. 158). Behind the island tower the Slieve Miskish and Caha Mountains. To westward is the boundless ocean, and eastward we have, as we turn and slowly descend, a sight of the Bay as far as Whiddy Island. The road during the first part of the homeward journey must be something like a thousand feet above the sea, which it directly overhangs.
Bantry Bay, it should be said, is twenty-one miles long and from six to eight wide. It affords safe anchorage for ships of the largest tonnage. The depth of water at the entrance is about forty fathoms, and the largest warships can

Internet Archive pictorialdescrip00ward_0, Chapter 75

As the companion tells it

As the road climbs through Seefin, you're on one of the finest stretches of coastline driving in the southwest. The sea stays close at hand nearly all the way, and the route threads past a succession of pretty coves, with fine views across Dunmanus Bay toward Mount Gabriel, rising to 1,339 feet, and the rugged coastline running out to Three Castle Head and Mizen Head. At Ahakista, about 12 miles from Bantry, a good hotel stands on the shore of Dunmanus Bay. Beyond it the road reaches the sequestered village of Killcrohane, then turns and begins the steep ascent of Seefin, which rises to 1,136 feet. The guidebook wonders how the horse manages to drag the car up, and suggests tourists will probably be glad to stretch their legs, since the road winds so much that a scrambler by path has only about half the distance to go. The backward view is magnificent, but it is surpassed, if the mountain be free from mist, by what opens in front when the summit is reached. The whole stretch of Bantry Bay lies before you, certainly one of the finest in the world. Across the water is the strongly fortified Bear Island, sheltering the harbour and town of Castletown Bearhaven. Behind the island tower the Slieve Miskish and Caha Mountains. To westward is the boundless ocean, and eastward, as the road turns and slowly descends, there is a sight of the bay as far as Whiddy Island. The road during the first part of the homeward journey must be something like a thousand feet above the sea, which it directly overhangs. Bantry Bay is twenty-one miles long and from six to eight wide, affording safe anchorage for ships of the largest tonnage, with a depth of water at the entrance of about forty fathoms.

Charles II Proclaimed in Cork Before London

Cork · city · Cork

When Charles II was restored to the throne, he was proclaimed in Cork eleven days before the same ceremony was performed in London, demonstrating the city's loyalty to the Stuart cause.

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dl Whennm due course, Charles II got his own again, he was proclaimed in Cork eleven days before that ceremony was performed in London. On the deposition of James II the city once more suffered for its loyalty to the Stuarts. Churchill appeared before its walls, at the head of an Orange army, and took it after a five days' siege, during which the city suffered severely. Kinsale, it may be noted, was captured a few days later; and this gave rise to the famous Jacobite song :-
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Internet Archive pictorialdescrip00ward_0, Chapter 18

As the companion tells it

Cork has a history of standing early for the Stuart cause. When Charles II was restored, he was proclaimed in Cork eleven days before that ceremony was performed in London. The city paid for its loyalty later. On the deposition of James II, Churchill appeared before its walls at the head of an Orange army and took it after a five days' siege, during which the city suffered severely. Kinsale was captured a few days later.

Cork's island setting and marshland origin

Cork · city · Cork

The older part of Cork stands on an island formed by the divided channels of the River Lee, originally a cluster of smaller islands separated by channels. The city's name is a corruption of 'Cor each,' meaning a marsh, reflecting its original state.

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It will then be seen that the main and older part of the city stands on an island, of which the Custom House forms the eastern tip, the North and South Channels uniting at that point and expanding, after a short, straight course beneath the wooded heights of Tivoli, into the noble sheet of Cork Harbour. The island, strictly speaking, is a cluster of islands, originally separated by channels, and arched over in comparatively modern times. The name is a corruption of Cor each, " a marsh," and there can be no doubt as to its original appropriateness. The town has, however, long since overflowed the water, if the Irishism may be allowed, and now occupies not only the island but the north and south banks, and the rising ground on either side. The fact that the river forks adds considerably to the convenience of Cork as a port, as the quayage is thereby nearly doubled.
Vessels of considerable burthen can pass as far up the North Channel as St. Patrick's Bridge, and to the Parliament Bridge by the South Channel, the Parnell Bridge being so constructed that it can be swung round to allow the passage of vessels. The shipping trade of Cork is extensive, and includes cattle, pigs, butter (who has not heard of Cork butter ?), and all sorts of agricultural produce, tweed and other kinds of woollen goods, flax, hemp, etc. Amongst the steamers making Cork a regular port of call, mention may be made of those of the City of Cork Steam Packet Company (Penrose Quay), and the Clyde Shipping Company (St.

Internet Archive pictorialdescrip00ward_0, Chapter 19

As the companion tells it

Cork is a city on the River Lee. The older part stands on an island formed where the river divides into North and South Channels, and the Custom House marks the eastern tip. The channels unite there and run a short, straight course beneath the wooded heights of Tivoli before expanding into the noble sheet of Cork Harbour. Strictly speaking, the island is a cluster of islands, originally separated by channels that were arched over in comparatively modern times. The name is a corruption of, in the source's words, "Cor each," meaning a marsh, and there can be no doubt as to its original appropriateness. The town has long since overflowed the water, and now occupies not only the island but the north and south banks and the rising ground on either side. The fact that the river forks adds considerably to the convenience of the city as a port, as the quayage is thereby nearly doubled. Vessels of considerable burthen can pass as far up the North Channel as St. Patrick's Bridge, and to Parliament Bridge by the South Channel. Parnell Bridge is so constructed that it can be swung round to allow the passage of vessels. The shipping trade is extensive, and includes cattle, pigs, butter, and all sorts of agricultural produce, tweed and other kinds of woollen goods, flax, and hemp. Among the steamers making the city a regular port of call are those of the City of Cork Steam Packet Company at Penrose Quay, and the Clyde Shipping Company.

Cork's oldest charter granted by Prince John

Cork · city · Cork · 1177–1199

Cork was a borough by prescription, and its oldest charter was granted by Prince John while he acted as viceroy of Ireland during the reign of his father, Henry II, before the memorable 'pulling of the beards' incident.

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a borough by prescription ; its oldest charter was granted by Prince John, who acted, until the memorable " pulling of the beards " incident, as viceroy of Ireland during the reign of his father, Henry II. The city returns two members to Parliament.
Streets, Quays and Bridges.

Internet Archive pictorialdescrip00ward_0, Chapter 17

As the companion tells it

Cork was already a borough by prescription, its rights rooted in long usage, before it received its oldest charter from Prince John. He acted as viceroy of Ireland during the reign of his father Henry II, until what the record calls the memorable "pulling of the beards" incident.

Devil's Bit Mountain legend

Barnane-ely · parish · Tipperary

The Devil's-Bit Mountains derive their name from a legend that the Devil, benighted and hungry on the summits, bit a piece out of one mountain but dropped it in disgust. A visible gap in the range is said to be the Satanic mouthful.

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At Maryborough the branch to Kilkenny and Waterford leaves the mam line ; and Ballybrophy station (ref. room) is the junction of the Parsonstown and Nenagh branches both of which open up the beautiful scenery of the Shannon. Then we enter the county of Tipperary and the province of Munster. At Templemore we find traces of the Knights Templars who founded the town and have left an interesting relic ' of one of their preceptories, now forming the entrance to the grounds of the Abbey. The view from the carriage window westward at this spot is interesting, as in the background are the famous Devil's-Bit Mountains. This range obtained its name from a legend that the Devil, being benighted and hungry on the summits, bit a piece out of one, but finding it too hard and tough to eat dropped it in disgust. The tourist will plainly observe a gap in part of the range, said to have been the Satanic mouthful. The « bit," we are told, formed
ThLf°Cl° fhel Vi6WS °f Which we get after Posing Tnurles, the seat of the Archbishop of Cashel and the site of the once great Cistercian foundation known as Holy Cross Abbey, from its having been built (1168-9) to hold a relic of the true cross It was here, in l8So, that the famous synod assembled, which, after condemning the Queen's Colleges as

Internet Archive pictorialdescrip00ward_0, Chapter 14

As the companion tells it

As the road passes through the parish of Barnane-ely in Tipperary, the hills carry a name that asks to be explained. They are the Devil's-Bit Mountains. The range took its name from a legend told about these summits. The Devil, benighted and hungry up on the heights, bit a piece out of one of the mountains. Finding it too hard and too tough to eat, he dropped it in disgust. You can see the evidence for yourself: a gap in part of the range, said to have been the Satanic mouthful. This is the province of Munster. At Templemore, traces remain of the Knights Templars, who founded that town and left a relic of one of their preceptories, now forming the entrance to the grounds of the Abbey. Thurles is the seat of the Archbishop of Cashel and the site of the once great Cistercian foundation known as Holy Cross Abbey, built in 1168 and 1169 to hold a relic of the true cross. But it is the Devil's-Bit that holds the attention in this part of Tipperary, that clear gap in the ridge where something was bitten off and thrown down because it was too hard to chew.

Holy Cross Abbey and relic of the true cross

Holycross · townland · Tipperary · 1168–1169

Holy Cross Abbey, a once great Cistercian foundation near Thurles, was built between 1168 and 1169 to hold a relic of the true cross. It is one of the notable ecclesiastical ruins of Tipperary.

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ThLf°Cl° fhel Vi6WS °f Which we get after Posing Tnurles, the seat of the Archbishop of Cashel and the site of the once great Cistercian foundation known as Holy Cross Abbey, from its having been built (1168-9) to hold a relic of the true cross It was here, in l8So, that the famous synod assembled, which, after condemning the Queen's Colleges as
godless, recommended the foundation of a Roman Catholic University for Ireland, a course adopted by Parliament in 1879. The Roman Catholic Cathedral is one of the finest structures in Ireland.

Internet Archive pictorialdescrip00ward_0, Chapter 14

As the companion tells it

Somewhere close to Holycross is Holy Cross Abbey, a once great Cistercian foundation near Thurles. It was built between 1168 and 1169 to hold a relic of the true cross, and that relic gave the abbey its name. It stands now as one of the notable ecclesiastical ruins of Tipperary.

Ice markings at Windy Gap on Kenmare–Killarney road

Windy Gap · pass · Kerry

Glacial ice markings are visible at Windy Gap on the road from Kenmare to Killarney, evidence of the vast ice movement that once covered Kerry. Similar markings are found on the rocks about Kenmare, the shores of Killarney, at Sneem, and as high as 2,500 feet on the Reeks.

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Geology. — The central plain of Ireland is formed of Carboniferous limestone, with few elevations, but bounded by mountainous ridges. The Kerry ranges run mostly parallel from east to west. The narrower troughs, or " synclinals," are Carboniferous, the broader ridges, or " anticlinals," are Old Red Sandstone. The former, being more easily weathered and denuded, give us the valleys and narrow fiords, the latter give us the long ranges of hills (several over 3,000 feet high), and the headlands and promontories projecting into the sea, often with the strata bent into arches. These bendings and crumplings may be plainly seen in many places— for example, where the hills are bare of vegetable growth, or where the road crosses a ridge. Thus it follows that the visible rocks are usually the older series, and were once covered by the Carboniferous strata now weathered away. Kenmare and Killarney lie in Carboniferous valleys, but on the road between these places a massive ridge of Old Red Sandstone is crossed. Here, too, glacial action is plainly visible. Kerry itself was afterwards one vast snowfield. Great glaciers travelled (according to the Rev. Maxwell Close, who has made a special study of the Ice Age in Ireland) from the lower reaches of the Shannon towards Kerry— a striking example of an uphill ice movement. The main icefield was in the centre of Ireland, only four or five hundred feet high, but the ice travelled regardless of small local elevations, only turning aside for mountains, round which it passed. The ice marking is, however, very confused — like a crush in the Arctic seas— owing to minor ice streams. Probably the main stream was thousands of feet deep. The main direction was north-north- west to south-south-east, the glaciers ending in the sea about Cork, Kinsale, Kenmare, etc. Ice markings may be seen on the rocks about Kenmare, on the shores of Killarney, at Sneem, and even as high as 2,500 feet on the Reeks, and again at Windy Gap on the road
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Internet Archive pictorialdescrip00ward_0, Chapter 83

As the companion tells it

Somewhere about Windy Gap, on the road between Kenmare and Killarney, the rocks carry the marks of ancient ice. The ridge you cross here is Old Red Sandstone, and glacial action is plainly visible on its surface. Kerry was once one vast snowfield. Great glaciers travelled from the lower reaches of the Shannon towards Kerry, a striking example of uphill ice movement. The Reverend Maxwell Close, who made a special study of the Ice Age in Ireland, worked this out. The main icefield sat in the centre of Ireland, only 400 or 500 feet high, but the ice moved regardless of small local elevations. It turned aside only for mountains, passing round them. The ice marking is very confused, like a crush in the Arctic seas, because of minor ice streams. The main stream was probably thousands of feet deep. Its direction ran north-northwest to south-southeast, and the glaciers ended in the sea about Cork, Kinsale, Kenmare, and other places. The same markings can be found on the rocks about Kenmare, on the shores of Killarney, at Sneem, and even as high as 2,500 feet on the Reeks. What you pass here is part of a far wider pattern written across the whole of Kerry's stone.

Kerry Blackwater cascades and bridge

near Blackwater Bridge · population centre · Kerry

The Kerry Blackwater tumbles over rocks forming cascades as it nears Kenmare Bay. The two-arched bridge crossing it stands about 60 feet above the water, offering impressive views of the river below.

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The coach leaves Parknasilla about 10.0 a.m. for the remaining fifteen miles' drive to Kenmare. The road lies high above, but close to, the sea. We pass the head of Coongar Harbour, which is sheltered by Rossmore Island, one of the largest in the estuary. The best part of the drive is reached at a distance of six miles as we descend the wooded slopes to the Blackwater, one of the many rivers of that name in Ireland, and distinguished from others as the " Kerry " Blackwater. It runs merrily along, between banks so high that the two-arched bridge by which we cross is quite 60 feet above the surface of the water. The coach stops for a few minutes to allow passengers to pass beneath the bridge, an opportunity which none should neglect. The stream tumbles over numerous rocks and forms many pretty cascades in its course to Kenmare Bay — now so rapidly narrowing as to be scarcely two miles across. But before mingling its fresh water with the briny waves of the sea, the Blackwater again expands and forms a snug little harbour, useful to small coasting vessels. The Blackwater is famous for salmon.
There is a carriage-road from Blackwater Bridge, via the Gap of Ballaghbeama, to Glencar miles, or from

Internet Archive pictorialdescrip00ward_0, Chapter 67

As the companion tells it

Coming up is Blackwater Bridge, where the road crosses the Kerry Blackwater. This is one of the many rivers of that name in Ireland, set apart from the others as the Kerry Blackwater. It runs between banks so high that the two-arched bridge is about 60 feet above the surface of the water. The stream tumbles over numerous rocks and forms many pretty cascades in its course to Kenmare Bay, which at this point is scarcely two miles across. Before mingling its fresh water with the sea, the Blackwater again expands and forms a snug little harbour, useful to small coasting vessels. The Blackwater is famous for salmon. The guidebook notes that passengers would stop a few minutes and pass beneath the bridge, an opportunity none should neglect. The wooded slopes you descend lead down to the water, and the cascades run merrily along toward the bay, where the fresh water meets the briny waves.

Monkstown Church, first Protestant church after Reformation

Monkstown · townland · Cork

Monkstown Church is an Early English, ivy-grown structure on a picturesque elevation, said to have been the first Protestant place of worship erected in the neighbourhood after the Reformation.

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found when the work was done that the house had only cost her a groat. Her husband returned in due course, and seems to have appraised his treasure of a wife at her proper value, though the chronicler tells us only that they were eventually interred together in their family vault, in the burial-ground of the ruined church of Temple-en-Bryn, adjoining the castle. Monkstown Church, an Early English, ivy-grown structure, standing on a picturesque elevation, is said to have been the first Protestant place of worship erected in the neighbourhood after the Reformation.
At Monkstown the railway until recently ended, but the extension to Crosshaven is now complete, and the traveller bound for that place can keep his seat instead of having to change from train to steamer. Many passengers, however, if not pressed for time, still prefer to complete the journey by steamer, via Queenstown, as this affords an opportunity of seeing the Harbour. On leaving Monkstown, the Queensland steamer heads westward round White's Point for the channel between Great Island and Haulbowline Island. We have an excellent opportunity of seeing Haulbowline Island, and may even, if the tide permits, call at its pier, though an order must be obtained from the authorities before this and neighbouring islands can be visited. Haulbowline is a most important naval dockyard and military station, and extensive works are still in progress. Rocky Island, to the south, is principally used for the storage of ammunition. Spike Island, or Fort Westmoreland, still further south, is the largest of the group. It was formerly a convict station, and many of the government works were executed by convict labour. We see it to better advantage after leaving Queenstown.

Internet Archive pictorialdescrip00ward_0, Chapter 23

As the companion tells it

Somewhere around here stands Monkstown Church. It is an Early English structure, grown with ivy, raised on a picturesque elevation. It is said to have been the first Protestant place of worship erected in the neighbourhood after the Reformation. There is also a ruined church close by, Temple-en-Bryn, adjoining a castle, and in its burial-ground lies a family vault. The story connected with that place tells of a woman who had work done on a house, and when it was finished, it had cost her only a groat. Her husband returned in due course, and seems to have appraised his treasure of a wife at her proper value. The chronicler tells us only that they were eventually interred together in their family vault, in the burial-ground of the ruined church of Temple-en-Bryn, adjoining the castle. Beyond the churches, Monkstown was until recently the end of the railway line. The extension to Crosshaven is now complete, and the traveller bound for that place can keep a seat instead of having to change from train to steamer. Many passengers, if not pressed for time, still prefer to complete the journey by steamer, via Queenstown, as this affords an opportunity of seeing the Harbour. On leaving Monkstown, the steamer heads westward round White's Point for the channel between Great Island and Haulbowline Island.

Ogham stones collected at Parknasilla

Parknasilla · sub-townland · Kerry

The Bishop of Limerick collected stones bearing Ogham character inscriptions, long undeciphered, which are now displayed on the grounds of Parknasilla Hotel, formerly his residence. These represent a significant assemblage of Ogham antiquities in Kerry.

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Archaeology. — Antiquities abound in Kerry and in Cork, such as cromlechs, standing stones, or gallauns, some of which show writing in the Ogham character. The Bishop of Limerick collected stones with inscriptions in the Ogham character — so long undeciphered — and these may now be seen in the grounds of Parknasilla Hotel, formerly his own residence. Staigue Fort, near Sneem, is an almost unique example of an ancient Cathair. These are all pre-Christian, but early Christian and later architectural remains may be seen at Aghadoe, and elsewhere, and many are the holy places, islands, wells, etc., still the objects of pilgrimages or much-desired burial-places.
For Index see pp. 183-8.

Internet Archive pictorialdescrip00ward_0, Chapter 85

As the companion tells it

The Bishop of Limerick collected stones bearing inscriptions in the Ogham character, a writing so long undeciphered. Those stones are gathered at Parknasilla, on the grounds of the hotel that was once his own residence. Kerry and Cork abound in antiquities such as cromlechs and standing stones, or gallauns, some of which show Ogham writing. What you have at Parknasilla is a significant assemblage of these inscribed stones, brought together by one man from the surrounding countryside. The Ogham character marked these stones in pre-Christian times, and the stones collected by the Bishop remain on display in the hotel grounds, where they can still be seen.

Panoramic mountain view between Kenmare and Glengariff

Kenmare · townland · Kerry

A hilltop road dividing the Kenmare and Glengariff valleys offers what a correspondent calls the best mountain view in the south of Ireland. From the summit, the mountains of Kerry lie in brilliant purple panorama, with the Sugarloaf most prominent.

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Note Contributed by Correspondent (we have not personally tested this divergence. Ed.). — Between Kenmare and Glengariff is the best mountain view in the south of Ireland, but as it lies apart from the coach-road it is apt to be overlooked. Seven and a half miles from Kenmare the coach passes a Roman Catholic chapel. If time permits, the tourist would do well to dismount and take the road which leads to the left, following it until it conies, by rather a bad surface, to the very top of the hill which divides the Kenmare valley from the Glengariff valley. Excepting the last portion — about one hundred yards — the road is a gentle incline and is quite negotiable by easy walkers. From the top is the best view of the whole of the mountains of Kerry— the Sugarloaf being most prominent. They lie, an enormous panorama in brilliant purple, at one's feet. Southward is beautiful Glengariff — the village being three miles of rather hard descent from the summit, the whole distance from the Chapel to Glengariff being about 4f miles. The walker will miss portions of the coach-road, especially that which includes the long tunnel, but he will be more than repaid by one of the best views of mountain, valley and sea which can be obtained anywhere. In actual distance, this road is somewhat shorter than the coach route (say 12^ miles against 18 miles).
Glengariff.

Internet Archive pictorialdescrip00ward_0, Chapter 71

As the companion tells it

Somewhere around here, between Kenmare and Glengariff, a correspondent for the Pictorial and Descriptive Guide claims there is the best mountain view in the south of Ireland. The catch is that it lies apart from the coach-road, so it is apt to be overlooked. Seven and a half miles from Kenmare the coach passes a Roman Catholic chapel. If time permits, the tourist would do well to dismount and take the road to the left, following it until it comes, by rather a bad surface, to the very top of the hill which divides the Kenmare valley from the Glengariff valley. Excepting the last portion, about one hundred yards, the road is a gentle incline and quite negotiable by easy walkers. From the top is the best view of the whole of the mountains of Kerry, the Sugarloaf being most prominent. They lie, in the correspondent's words, an enormous panorama in brilliant purple at one's feet. Southward is beautiful Glengariff, the village being three miles of rather hard descent from the summit, the whole distance from the chapel to Glengariff being about four and a half miles. The walker will miss portions of the coach-road, especially the long tunnel, but will be more than repaid by one of the best views of mountain, valley and sea obtainable anywhere. In actual distance this road is somewhat shorter than the coach route, about 12 miles against 18. The editors note they have not personally tested this divergence.

Prince and Princess of Wales visit Killarney, 1897

Killarney · town · Kerry · 1897

The present Prince and Princess of Wales visited Killarney in 1897 and were delighted with the beauties of the lakes. It was suggested that Killarney would form an ideal spot for a royal residence, and negotiations were reportedly entered into for the purchase of Muckross House.

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Killarney was visited in 1897 by the present Prince and Princess of Wales, who were delighted with the beauties of the lakes. It was suggested at the time that Killarney would form an ideal spot for a royal residence. Indeed, it is believed that negotitations were actually entered into for the purchase of Muckross House.
Hotels.

Internet Archive pictorialdescrip00ward_0, Chapter 36

As the companion tells it

Killarney was visited in 1897 by the Prince and Princess of Wales, who were delighted with the beauties of the lakes. It was suggested at the time that the town would form an ideal spot for a royal residence, and it is believed that negotiations were actually entered into for the purchase of Muckross House.

Queenstown renamed after Queen Victoria's visit

Cobh · municipal district · Cork · 1849

Queenstown was formerly known as Cove, and its present name arose because Queen Victoria landed there on her visit to Ireland in 1849.

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Queenstown was formerly known as Cove, its present name arising from the fact that Queen Victoria landed here on her visit to Ireland in 1849. Apart from its importance as a port of call for the American liners, and as a great naval and military station, Queenstown is rapidly acquiring a reputation as a health resort, particularly for the winter. Says a reliable authority : —
" The climate is remarkably mild and equable, and, at the sametime, fairly dry and tonic, and is especially suitable as a winter and1 spring residence for persons with delicate chests, to sufferers from chronic catarrhal throat affections, and to convalescents from acute diseases. It is particularly appropriate as a seaside resort to persons requiring a soothing and sedative atmosphere. From the position of Queenstown, winds from the colder points are very little felt, and it is completely protected from the north, north-east and north-west winds. The mean temperatures of the season are exactly similar to those at Torquay, and higher than those of Bournemouth, Hastings and Ventnor. As a winter health resort Queenstown possesses all the best natural and climatic advantages."

Internet Archive pictorialdescrip00ward_0, Chapter 23

As the companion tells it

The road takes you through or near Cobh, a place once called Cove. Its name changed to Queenstown because Queen Victoria landed there on her visit to Ireland in 1849. Beyond that royal visit, the town mattered as a port of call for the American liners, and as a great naval and military station. It was also gaining a reputation as a health resort, especially for the winter months. A reliable authority described the climate as remarkably mild and equable, and at the same time fairly dry and tonic. It was said to be especially suitable as a winter and spring residence for persons with delicate chests, for sufferers from chronic catarrhal throat affections, and for convalescents from acute diseases. The authority called it particularly appropriate as a seaside resort for persons requiring a soothing and sedative atmosphere. Winds from the colder points were very little felt, and the town was completely protected from the north, north-east and north-west winds. Mean temperatures matched those at Torquay, and stood higher than Bournemouth, Hastings and Ventnor.

The Blarney Stone and its legend

near Blarney · townland · Cork

The Blarney Stone is set in the parapet on the western side of the tower at Blarney Castle. The tradition holds that whoever kisses the stone will grow eloquent, and the name 'Blarney' came to mean saying what one never means.

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The Blarney Stone is set in the parapet on the western side of the tower. The fair conductress who sells postcards and other souvenirs will not fail to point out its situation
6o BLARNEY

Internet Archive pictorialdescrip00ward_0, Chapter 27

As the companion tells it

Somewhere around here is the Blarney Stone, set in the parapet on the western side of the tower at Blarney Castle. The tradition holds that whoever kisses it will grow eloquent, and the name Blarney came to mean saying what one never means. A fair conductress sells postcards and souvenirs and will not fail to point out its situation.

Bantry Bay at Glengariff

near Bantry Bay · bay · Cork

Bantry Bay is described as a magnificent expanse with numerous islands, one of which guards and shelters the harbour so that it takes on the aspect of a serene lake. The bay lies at the head of the Glengariff glen.

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" Language utterly fails," declares Mr. S. C. Hall, " to convey even a limited idea of the exceeding beauty of Glengariff, which merits to the full the enthusiastic praise that has been lavished upon it by every traveller by whom it has been visited. It is a deep Alpine valley, enclosed by precipitous hills, about three miles in length, and seldom exceeding a quarter of a mile in breadth. Black and savage rocks embosom, as it were, a scene of surpassing loveliness, endowed by nature with the richest gifts of wood and water ; for the trees are graceful in form, luxuriant in foliage, and varied in character, and the rippling stream, the strong river, and the foaming cataract are supplied from a thousand rills collected in the mountains. Beyond all, is the magnificent bay, with its numerous islands, by one of which it is so guarded and sheltered as to receive the aspect of a serene lake. The artist cannot do it justice, and the pen must be laid aside in despair."
In the glen itself the sternest grandeur is softened by the tenderest loveliness. " Mountains are rent and rifted as if some convulsion of nature had shaken ancT torn them, upheaving their strata and serrating their wild summits, whilst their bases repose in woods and meadows of the softest verdure. Peaks rise above peaks lofty and bald, merging their frowning rocks in the shifting Atlantic mists ; beneath are smiling valleys, gemmed with myriads of flowers."

Internet Archive pictorialdescrip00ward_0, Chapter 71

As the companion tells it

Bantry Bay lies at the head of the Glengariff glen, a magnificent expanse of water with numerous islands. One of those islands guards and shelters the harbour so that the bay takes on the aspect of a serene lake. Mr. S. C. Hall declared that language utterly fails to convey even a limited idea of the exceeding beauty of Glengariff. He called it a deep Alpine valley, enclosed by precipitous hills, about 3 miles in length and seldom exceeding a quarter of a mile in breadth. Black and savage rocks, he said, embosom a scene of surpassing loveliness, endowed by nature with the richest gifts of wood and water. The trees are graceful in form, luxuriant in foliage, and varied in character. A rippling stream, a strong river, and a foaming cataract are supplied from a thousand rills collected in the mountains. He said the artist cannot do it justice, and the pen must be laid aside in despair. In the glen itself, the sternest grandeur is softened by the tenderest loveliness. Mountains are rent and rifted as if some convulsion of nature had shaken and torn them, upheaving their strata and serrating their wild summits, whilst their bases repose in woods and meadows of the softest verdure. Peaks rise above peaks, lofty and bald, merging their frowning rocks in the shifting Atlantic mists. Beneath are smiling valleys, gemmed with myriads of flowers.

Cromwell enters Youghal by Water Gate

Youghal · town · Cork · 1649

Cromwell entered Youghal in 1649 by the Water Gate and made the town his headquarters for a time. The town received its first charter from King John and was once strongly fortified, with much of its walls still standing on the western and northern sides.

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The town received its first charter from King John, and is said to derive its name from the Irish word for yew-wood, the hills having been formerly covered with yews. It was once strongly fortified, and a large part of its walls still stand on the western and northern sides. Cromwell entered it in 1649, by the Water Gate, and for a time made the town his headquarters. On the site of the ancient South Gate now stands a structure called the Clock Gate. In Main Street is an ancient tower known as Tynte's Castle. (It is on the right-hand side as one comes from the Clock Tower.) A few yards from this, a street on the left leads to St. Mary's Church, occupying the site of a church which existed before the Norman invasion, was rebuilt by the eighth Earl of Desmond, who founded a college in connection with it in 1464, and was restored early in the seventeenth century by the '"great" Earl of Cork.* (The college just mentioned is still standing in Nelson Street, close to the church. It was, for a time, the residence of William Congreve, the dramatist, and his father, the latter being the earl's agent.) The massive tower of the church has a height of 50 feet, and is known as Cromwell's
* The first Earl of Cork, who arrived in Ireland in 1588, says in his autobiography : " All my wealth was £27 3s. in money, a diamond ring, a bracelet of gold, a taffety doublet, a pair of black velvet breeches, laced and cut upon taffety, two cloaks, competent in6Il a£d .necessaries> with my rapier and dagger." Before his death his income was at the rate of £5o a day, exclusive of the value of his houses and parks, ' '

Internet Archive pictorialdescrip00ward_0, Chapter 29

As the companion tells it

Youghal takes its name from the Irish word for yew-wood, the hills having been formerly covered with yews. The town received its first charter from King John and was once strongly fortified. A large part of its walls still stand on the western and northern sides. In 1649, Cromwell entered by the Water Gate and for a time made the town his headquarters. On the site of the ancient South Gate now stands a structure called the Clock Gate. In Main Street is an ancient tower known as Tynte's Castle. A few yards from this, a street leads to St Mary's Church, which occupies the site of a church that existed before the Norman invasion. It was rebuilt by the eighth Earl of Desmond, who founded a college in connection with it in 1464, and was restored early in the seventeenth century by the great Earl of Cork. That college is still standing in Nelson Street, close to the church. It was for a time the residence of William Congreve, the dramatist, and his father, the latter being the earl's agent. The massive tower of the church has a height of 50 feet and is known as Cromwell's. The first Earl of Cork arrived in Ireland in 1588. In his autobiography he wrote that all his wealth was £27 and 3 shillings in money, a diamond ring, a bracelet of gold, a taffety doublet, a pair of black velvet breeches, laced and cut upon taffety, two cloaks, with his rapier and dagger. Before his death his income was at the rate of £50 a day, exclusive of the value of his houses and parks.

Devonshire inheritance of Lismore Castle

Lismore · town · Waterford · 1750–1800

On the death of the last Earl of Cork in the mid-eighteenth century, Lismore Castle became the property of the fourth Duke of Devonshire through his marriage to the earl's daughter. The sixth duke later practically rebuilt the castle.

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The Castle was founded in 1185 by Prince John, the son of Henry II, and four years later was almost destroyed by the natives. By whom the damage was repaired is unknown, but the restored building was long held by the Bishops of Lismore and served them as a residence. In 1587 it passed into the possession of Sir Walter Raleigh, and some fifteen years later was sold by him to Richard Boyle, afterwards first Earl of Cork, by whom it was rebuilt. In 1627 the earl's youngest and famous son, Robert Boyle, was born within its walls. During the Civil War of the seventeenth century it was captured and burnt, but ten years after its destruction was rebuilt, and in 1689 gave shelter for a night to James II, when he was fleeing from the Boyne to Waterford. On the death of the last Earl of Cork, in the middle of the eighteenth century, it became the property of the fourth Duke of Devonshire through his marriage with the earl's daughter, and was practically rebuilt by the sixth duke.
At the eastern angle of the river front is the Tower of King James, so called from its having afforded brief shelter to that sovereign. In the rear of this is King John's Tower, said to have been the scene of the first parliament held in Ireland under the presidency of that prince. At the western angle of the river face rises the Carlisle Tower, named after the Earl of Carlisle, Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland in the middle of the nineteenth century, by whom the foundation stone was laid. The drawing-room is renowned for the loveliness of the view from the great bay window.

Internet Archive pictorialdescrip00ward_0, Chapter 33

As the companion tells it

Lismore stands along your road, a town whose castle has carried a long and troubled history. The castle was founded in 1185 by Prince John, son of Henry II, and four years later was almost destroyed by the natives. Who repaired the damage is unknown, but the restored building was long held by the Bishops of Lismore and served them as a residence. In 1587 it passed to Sir Walter Raleigh, and some fifteen years later he sold it to Richard Boyle, afterwards first Earl of Cork, who rebuilt it. In 1627 the earl's famous youngest son, Robert Boyle, was born within its walls. During the Civil War of the seventeenth century the castle was captured and burnt, but ten years after its destruction it was rebuilt, and in 1689 it gave shelter for a night to James II, when he was fleeing from the Boyne to Waterford. On the death of the last Earl of Cork, in the middle of the eighteenth century, it became the property of the fourth Duke of Devonshire through his marriage with the earl's daughter, and was practically rebuilt by the sixth duke. The Tower of King James stands at the eastern angle of the river front, so called from its having afforded brief shelter to that sovereign. Behind it is King John's Tower, said to have been the scene of the first parliament held in Ireland under the presidency of that prince. At the western angle of the river face rises the Carlisle Tower, named after the Earl of Carlisle, Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland in the middle of the nineteenth century, who laid the foundation stone. The drawing-room is renowned for the loveliness of the view from the great bay window.

Doulus Head cave resembling a cathedral

near Doulus Head · promontory · Kerry

Doulus Head is a promontory north-west of Cahirciveen, separated from the town by the mouth of the river. The interior of one of the caves beneath it is very lofty and bears some resemblance to that of a cathedral.

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Cahirciveen, though unimportant in itself, makes a good centre for sportsmen, and even the ordinary tourist will find plenty to occupy him in the numerous walks and drives through the little known scenery of this rugged western promontory. He can make his headquarters either here or at Valentia Island. Among the interesting spots in the neighbourhood are the ruins of Ballycarberry Castle, one of the seats of the McCarthy-More, of which the O'Connells were the hereditary constables. It is near Doulus Head, a promontory to the north-west, separated from the town by the mouth of the river. Near the castle is an ancient circular fort, similar to Staigue Fort (see p. 142), but not so perfect. The interior of one of the caves beneath Doulus Head is very lofty, and bears some resemblance to that of a cathedral. On Church Island, in Valentia Harbour, are the remains of an early monastery, an oratory, and some beehive cells.
A mile and a half north-east of Cahirciveen are the few remains of Carhan House, the old mansion of the O'Connell family, said to have been the birthplace of the famous statesman.

Internet Archive pictorialdescrip00ward_0, Chapter 62

As the companion tells it

Somewhere about Doulus Head, a promontory north-west of Cahirciveen, separated from the town by the mouth of the river, the interior of one of the caves beneath the headland is very lofty and bears some resemblance to that of a cathedral. The scenery of this rugged western promontory was little known. Nearby stand the ruins of Ballycarberry Castle, one of the seats of the McCarthy-More, of whom the O'Connells were the hereditary constables. Close to the castle is an ancient circular fort, similar to Staigue Fort but not so perfect. A mile and a half north-east of Cahirciveen are the few remains of Carhan House, the old mansion of the O'Connell family, said to have been the birthplace of the famous statesman. On Church Island, in Valentia Harbour, are the remains of an early monastery, an oratory, and some beehive cells.

Dunmanway linen manufacture under Sir Richard Cox

Dunmanway · town · Cork · 1702–1714

Dunmanway was formerly the seat of an extensive linen manufacture established by Sir Richard Cox, Lord Chancellor of Ireland during the reign of Queen Anne.

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Resuming the railway journey eastward from Bantry to Cork, at Drimoleague Junction, we reach Dunmanway, formerly the seat of an extensive linen manufacture, established by Sir Richard Cox, Lord Chancellor of Ireland in the reign of Queen Anne.
We now follow the course of the river Bandon, and see on the right the ruins of Ballynacarriga Castle, a square pile of buildings, standing on the summit of a rock 40 feet above the level of a lake at its foot.

Internet Archive pictorialdescrip00ward_0, Chapter 79

As the companion tells it

The road passes through Dunmanway. This town was once the seat of an extensive linen manufacture, established by Sir Richard Cox, Lord Chancellor of Ireland during the reign of Queen Anne. That covers the years 1702 to 1714, when Cox set the industry here and Dunmanway became known for it.

St. Patrick's Hill, steepest street in Cork

Cork · city · Cork

St. Patrick's Hill, reached via Audley Place from the Old Youghal Road, is described as perhaps the steepest street in Cork. Convenient steps assist the pedestrian in navigating the steep gradient.

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To regain St. Patrick's Street from the Old Youghal Road we turn down Audley Place to St. Patrick's Hill. The latter is perhaps the steepest street in Cork. How the horses manage to get up and down is a marvel. Convenient steps assist the pedestrian.
Having regained St. Patrick's Bridge, a walk of a quarter of a mile along the north side of the river would bring us to the Dominican Church of St. Mary's, the Ionic portico of which stands out so clearly in the view from St. Patrick s Bridge. The church is deservedly admired for the chasteness of its style and its just proportions.

Internet Archive pictorialdescrip00ward_0

As the companion tells it

Coming through Cork, St. Patrick's Hill is reached by turning down Audley Place from the Old Youghal Road. It is perhaps the steepest street in Cork. How the horses manage to get up and down is a marvel. Convenient steps assist the pedestrian. Having regained St. Patrick's Bridge, a walk of a quarter of a mile along the north side of the river brings you to the Dominican Church of St. Mary's. Its Ionic portico stands out clearly in the view from St. Patrick's Bridge. The church is admired for the chasteness of its style and its just proportions.

Ballincollig castle and gunpowder works

near Ballincollig · town · Cork · 1327–1377

Ballincollig, meaning 'the town of the wild boar,' contained barracks and gunpowder works. Its conspicuous square tower formed part of a castle ruin dating from the reign of Edward III.

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wi Z\ n.Mrly.fren mil6S t0 Bal,in«Olig (" the town of the wdd boar »), with its barracks and gunpowder works The conspicnons square tower is part of the ruin of a castle built
w * u T rm rdgn °f Edward ilL Ato"t two Ss from Balhncolhg, at the hamlet of Ovens (a corruption of St, Owen, the patron saint of the parish) there aro ~ noted caves in the limestone rock^hortl^ Ster Teavi Kdlumney statmn, we have, on the right, the ruins of mZl Sr^sTerry. ^ ^ ^ *** * * ^

Internet Archive pictorialdescrip00ward_0, Chapter 81

As the companion tells it

The road brings you near Ballincollig, the town of the wild boar. It had barracks and gunpowder works. A conspicuous square tower stands as part of the ruin of a castle built in the reign of Edward the Third.

Cloyne Round Tower

Cloyne · town · Cork

The Round Tower at Cloyne, adjoining the Cathedral, was originally 92 feet high and remains in good preservation after being repaired and fitted with a battlement. Like other Irish round towers, it is believed to have served as a place of refuge and treasure house for monks.

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The route (b), in the other direction, requires rather more notice. We skirt the harbour as far as Rostellan Castle, with its beautiful woods and grounds, to which visitors are freely admitted on Wednesdays. The drive onward to Cloyne and Ballycotton cannot for a moment be compared with the drives about Killarney, but it is pretty, and for cyclists the roads are distinctly good. Castlemary, a mile or so from Cloyne, possesses an interesting Druidical cromlech. At Cloyne (5|miles from Aghada) a halt is made and tickets collected. The town is remarkable for its famous Round Tower, which adjoins the Cathedral, and is in good preservation. It was originally 92 feet high, and, like others of its class, had a conical roof. Being fitted up with lofts and used as a belfry, the metal attracted" lightning, which rent the roof and tore away the upper portion of the wall. It has been repaired, and a battlement, which increases the height to 102 feet, placed round the top. The door is 1 1| feet from the ground, and the interior is divided into six storeys. The tower is cylindrical from top to bottom, and of an uniform diameter of 9 feet. The walls are 33 inches thick. The origin and use of these towers, of which there are more than a hundred in Ireland, and scarcely any elsewhere, is a question which has long puzzled antiquaries, but Dr. Petrie is
5^ BA LL Y COT TO N

Internet Archive pictorialdescrip00ward_0, Chapter 25

As the companion tells it

Cloyne is a town the road passes through, and it is remarkable for its Round Tower, which adjoins the Cathedral. The tower stands in good preservation, though it has not survived unchanged. It was originally 92 feet high and, like others of its class, had a conical roof. Being fitted up with lofts and used as a belfry, the metal drew lightning, which rent the roof and tore away the upper portion of the wall. It has since been repaired, and a battlement placed round the top, which increases the height to 102 feet. The door sits 11 feet from the ground, and the interior is divided into six storeys. The tower is cylindrical from top to bottom, of a uniform diameter of 9 feet, with walls 33 inches thick. There are more than a hundred such towers in Ireland and scarcely any elsewhere. Their origin and use has long puzzled antiquaries. Dr. Petrie, whose opinion carries weight in these matters, concluded that they served as places of refuge and treasure houses for the monks who built them.

Cormac's Chapel and round tower at Cashel

Cashel · town · Tipperary · 1127

On the Rock of Cashel stands Cormac's Chapel, built in 1127, and the palace of the kings of Munster with its famous round tower 90 feet high. These structures are among the chief antiquities of the ancient episcopal city.

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of the Rock are among the finest in the country. The edifice was benevolently burnt in 149 c; by the Earl of Kildare because he thought the archbishop was within ! " This candid explanation, curiously enough, gained for him the appointment of lord-deputy of Ireland. Besides the Cathedral, there are on the rock Cormac's Chapel, built in 1127 and the palace of the kings of Munster, with its famous round tower, 90 feet high. The Grey, or Hore, Abbey, founded by David MacCawell, Archbishop of Cashel in 1278, is a picturesque ruin about a quarter of a mile from— but in full view of — the Rock.
Passing Dundrum, we reach Limerick Junction (ref. room) where the Waterford, Limerick and Western Railway crosses the Great Southern and Western line. Leaving the station we have a good view leftward of the Galtee Mountains, which embrace some of the most lofty in the south of Ireland, the long hill of Slieve-na-Muck extending east and west in front

Internet Archive pictorialdescrip00ward_0, Chapter 14

As the companion tells it

As the road brings you through Cashel, the antiquities of the Rock are among the finest in the country. These structures are among the chief antiquities of the ancient episcopal city. The edifice was benevolently burnt by the Earl of Kildare because he thought the archbishop was within. "This candid explanation, curiously enough, gained for him the appointment of lord-deputy of Ireland." Besides the Cathedral, there are on the Rock Cormac's Chapel, built in 1127, and the palace of the kings of Munster, with its famous round tower, 90 feet high. The Grey, or Hore, Abbey, founded by David MacCawell, Archbishop of Cashel in 1278, is a picturesque ruin about a quarter of a mile from, but in full view of, the Rock.

Glencairn Abbey monks' cells above the river

Glencairn · townland · Waterford

Glencairn Abbey sits in a charming demesne open to visitors near Lismore. The monks' cells are still visible in a portion of the building that rises perpendicularly from the brink of the river.

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river, is Glencairn Abbey, in a charming demesne open to visitors. The monks' cells are still to be seen in a portion of the building that rises perpendicularly from the brink of the river. About a mile farther the ruined Castle of Ballyduff may be seen on the southern bank. The river is crossed close to the castle, and the traveller must then turn to the right. Rather more than a mile from the bridge he will pass Ballyduff Station, while another mile will bring him abreast of the ruins of Mocollop Castle, with the adjacent modern residence, on the northern side of the river, and a little beyond that he will pass under the line, which runs between the high-road and the river for the next 34 miles. When that distance has been traversed he will again go under the line, and will see Kilmurry House on the opposite bank. After passing Clondulane Station, the road once more crosses the line, and then the ruin of Carrigabrick Castle, by the side of the river, comes in sight.
Lismore to Fermoy by Rail.

Internet Archive pictorialdescrip00ward_0, Chapter 34

As the companion tells it

Somewhere close to Glencairn there is an abbey in a charming demesne, open to visitors. It stands by the river, and the monks' cells are still to be seen in a portion of the building that rises perpendicularly from the brink of the water. The guide goes on to trace the road onward from there. About a mile farther, the ruined Castle of Ballyduff stands on the southern bank. The river is crossed close to the castle, and the traveller must then turn to the right. Rather more than a mile from the bridge he passes Ballyduff Station. Another mile brings him abreast of the ruins of Mocollop Castle, with its adjacent modern residence, on the northern side of the river. A little beyond that, the road passes under the railway line, which runs between the high-road and the river for the next 34 miles. After that distance the road goes under the line again, and Kilmurry House appears on the opposite bank. Passing Clondulane Station, the road crosses the line once more, and then the ruin of Carrigabrick Castle, by the side of the river, comes in sight.

MacCarthy More's Island and Upper Lake islands

near Upper Lake · lake or lakes · Kerry

The Upper Lake is studded with islands including MacCarthy More's Island, luxuriant with evergreens and Lebanon cedars, Ronayne's Island, Eagle Island, Oak and Juniper Islands, and Arbutus Island. Colman's Eye marks the extremity of the Lower Lake where the Long Range begins.

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MacCarthy More's Island is one of the first islands passed. It is luxurious with evergreens, amongst which Lebanon cedars thrive. Then comes Ronayne's Island, where may be had some of the finest views of the lake. Eagle Island is reputed to have been at one time frequented by birds of that description. Oak and Juniper Islands are so called from the woods that cover them. Arbutus Island is clad with that lovely shrub, growing here with marked luxuriance. Colman's Eye is the promontory which marks the extremity of the Lower Lake, and shows where the strait called the Long Range begins. Here there is a cluster of rocks of fantastic form, and the guide will help us to trace resemblances to a leg of mutton, a round of beef and many other things. Still winding through scenes of loveliness, we float down a placid stream, above whose wooded shores Tore Mountain rises bold and majestic. There is a richness in the foliage and a brightness in the light of these latitudes not elsewhere seen. Fresh aspects of beauty appear as we proceed — the luxury of woods and the sublimity of mountains repeating themselves, the clouds passing over the summits casting long shadows on the waters. We soon reach —
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Internet Archive pictorialdescrip00ward_0, Chapter 56

As the companion tells it

The Upper Lake in Kerry is studded with islands. MacCarthy More's Island is one of the first you pass, luxuriant with evergreens, amongst which Lebanon cedars thrive. Then comes Ronayne's Island, where some of the finest views of the lake may be had. Eagle Island is reputed to have been frequented by birds of that description at one time. Oak and Juniper Islands take their names from the woods that cover them. Arbutus Island is clad with that lovely shrub, growing here with marked luxuriance. Colman's Eye is the promontory marking the extremity of the Lower Lake, and shows where the strait called the Long Range begins. Here there is a cluster of rocks of fantastic form, and the guide will help trace resemblances to a leg of mutton, a round of beef, and many other things. Still winding through scenes of loveliness, you float down a placid stream, above whose wooded shores Tore Mountain rises bold and majestic. There is a richness in the foliage and a brightness in the light of these latitudes not elsewhere seen. Fresh aspects of beauty appear as you proceed. The luxury of woods and the sublimity of mountains repeat themselves, the clouds passing over the summits casting long shadows on the waters.

Sneem village in parish of Killcrohane

Sneem · town · Kerry

Sneem is the chief village in the extensive parish of Killcrohane, prettily situated at the head of an estuary formed by the Sneem river and several mountain streamlets. It contains a Roman Catholic church with a curious campanile, a Protestant church, and a comfortable inn.

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As we proceed, a grand and everchanging panorama of the hills which on the other side of the bay separate the counties of Kerry and Cork presents itself ; and a still grander one of the high mountains round Killarney is unfolded on the left. Perhaps the most charming of the landscapes is that of the valley leading up to Coomcallee, a sharp and precipitous mountain, more than two thousand feet high, with a pretty lake lying at its foot. The view is obtained at the junction of another road with that along which we are driving, as we approach our next halting place, Sneem, the chief village in the extensive parish of Killcrohane, through which we have been travelling ever since we left Darrynane. Sneem is prettily situated at the head of an estuary formed by the Sneem river and two or three mountain streamlets. It con-
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Internet Archive pictorialdescrip00ward_0, Chapter 65

As the companion tells it

Coming up now is Sneem, the chief village in the parish of Killcrohane. It sits prettily at the head of an estuary formed by the Sneem river and two or three mountain streamlets. You have been travelling through this parish ever since Darrynane. As the road comes up to the village, there is a grand panorama of hills on the far side of the bay, separating Kerry and Cork, and a still grander view of the high mountains round Killarney opening out to the left. Perhaps the most charming sight of all is the valley leading up to Coomcallee, a sharp and precipitous mountain more than two thousand feet high, with a pretty lake lying at its foot. The village itself contains a Roman Catholic church with a curious campanile, a Protestant church, and a comfortable inn.

Spike Island former convict station

Spike Island · townland · Cork

Spike Island, also known as Fort Westmoreland, is the largest of the Cork Harbour island group and was formerly a convict station, with many government works executed by convict labour.

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At Monkstown the railway until recently ended, but the extension to Crosshaven is now complete, and the traveller bound for that place can keep his seat instead of having to change from train to steamer. Many passengers, however, if not pressed for time, still prefer to complete the journey by steamer, via Queenstown, as this affords an opportunity of seeing the Harbour. On leaving Monkstown, the Queensland steamer heads westward round White's Point for the channel between Great Island and Haulbowline Island. We have an excellent opportunity of seeing Haulbowline Island, and may even, if the tide permits, call at its pier, though an order must be obtained from the authorities before this and neighbouring islands can be visited. Haulbowline is a most important naval dockyard and military station, and extensive works are still in progress. Rocky Island, to the south, is principally used for the storage of ammunition. Spike Island, or Fort Westmoreland, still further south, is the largest of the group. It was formerly a convict station, and many of the government works were executed by convict labour. We see it to better advantage after leaving Queenstown.
Queenstown.

Internet Archive pictorialdescrip00ward_0, Chapter 23

As the companion tells it

Somewhere close to Spike Island lies the largest of the Cork Harbour island group, also known as Fort Westmoreland. It was formerly a convict station, and many of the government works were executed by convict labour. Travellers have long crossed these harbour waters by steamer. Passengers who were not pressed for time preferred the steamer route via Queenstown, as it afforded an opportunity of seeing the harbour. Before the railway extension to Crosshaven was complete, those leaving Monkstown had to change from train to steamer. Once the extension was finished, they could keep their seats instead. Haulbowline Island, a most important naval dockyard and military station, lies nearby, with extensive works still in progress. An order from the authorities must be obtained before Haulbowline and its neighbouring islands can be visited. Rocky Island, to the south, is principally used for the storage of ammunition. Spike Island, still further south, is seen to better advantage after leaving Queenstown.

Pictorial and descriptive guide to the Lakes of Killarney, Glengariff, and south-west Ireland, including a guide to Cork.

The stories, best first

Blarney Castle Keep and its history

Cashel Cathedral burnt by Earl of Kildare

Derreen, seat of the Marquis of Lansdowne

Drake's Pool, Cork Harbour

Earl of Kildare Invests Cork, 1498

Father Prout buried at Shandon

Glengariff's Alpine valley described by S.C. Hall

Marlborough's Siege of Cork

Mitchelstown caves with stalactite chambers

Owenabwee (Carrigaline River) and Drake's escape

Ringrone Castle built by Milo de Courcey

Rosscarbery's ancient university and abbey of St. Faughnan

Strancally Castle on the Blackwater

The Pass of Keimaneigh — "the pass of the deer"

Turnpike rocks and the cannon echo at Gap of Dunloe

Blarney Castle and the famous stone

Crawford Municipal Schools of Science and Art

Cromwell's Tower at St. Mary's

Fitzgerald Park and Cork International Exhibition

Gap of Dunloe: wild gorge between Tomies and Macgillycuddy Reeks

The Long Range connecting the Killarney Lakes

Two lighthouses erected on Skellig Michael in 1826

Ascent of the Sugarloaf above Bantry Bay

Beehive oratory on Church Island, Lough Currane

Giant's Stairs and the O'Mahony giant tradition

James II lands at Kinsale, 1689

Rosscarbery Abbey ruins and carved founder head

United States Cable Company station at Ballinskelligs

Church Island early monastery remains

Dinish Island and O'Sullivan's Punch Bowl

Mallow, the Bath of Ireland

Muckross House and Queen Victoria's 1861 visit

Parknasilla, former residence of the Bishop of Limerick

Seefin mountain summit panorama

Charles II Proclaimed in Cork Before London

Cork's island setting and marshland origin

Cork's oldest charter granted by Prince John

Devil's Bit Mountain legend

Holy Cross Abbey and relic of the true cross

Ice markings at Windy Gap on Kenmare–Killarney road

Kerry Blackwater cascades and bridge

Monkstown Church, first Protestant church after Reformation

Ogham stones collected at Parknasilla

Panoramic mountain view between Kenmare and Glengariff

Prince and Princess of Wales visit Killarney, 1897

Queenstown renamed after Queen Victoria's visit

The Blarney Stone and its legend

Bantry Bay at Glengariff

Cromwell enters Youghal by Water Gate

Devonshire inheritance of Lismore Castle

Doulus Head cave resembling a cathedral

Dunmanway linen manufacture under Sir Richard Cox

St. Patrick's Hill, steepest street in Cork

Ballincollig castle and gunpowder works

Cloyne Round Tower

Cormac's Chapel and round tower at Cashel

Glencairn Abbey monks' cells above the river

MacCarthy More's Island and Upper Lake islands

Sneem village in parish of Killcrohane

Spike Island former convict station