A topographical dictionary of Ireland : comprising the several counties; cities; boroughs; corporate, market and post towns; parishes; and villages, with historical and statistical descriptions embellished with engravings of the arms of the cities, bishopricks, corporate towns, and boroughs ; and of the seals of the several municipal corporations .. (vol. 2)

Each story keeps the passage it was read from. Open one to read it as the scan has it, and, where the companion has written its own telling, that too. The passages are read off photographs of the page by machine, so a word here and there comes out wrong; they are kept as the reading produced them, so you can check any of them against the scan.

1. Brazen trumpets found near Dungannon

   near Dungannon · town · Tyrone

   Several brazen trumpets of uncommon construction, with a hole in the side and the smaller end stopped, were found near Dungannon. They were supposed to have been Danish.

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   The REMAINS of ANTIQUITY are not peculiarly interesting. Raths are scattered over almost every part ; near the western border of the mountain named Mary Grey, more than twelve of them may be seen within the compass of a mile : they are generally in pairs. Many are now scarcely discernible, in consequence of the farmers having drawn off the mould for manure. The most perfect has a parapet six feet high, with stepping stones projecting from the inner sides in an oblique direction to the top, like the winding of a staircase; its diameter is 33 yards. A very remarkable Druidieal monument, called Cloghtogle, or the " lifted stone," stands on a hill a mile north of Newtown-Stewart ; it consists of three large stones set upright in a triangular position, about 7 feet high each, and covered with a broad horizontal flag 1 1 feet long, 7 broad, and Ij inches thick. On an opposite hill, at the distance of about 100 yards, was a similar relic of larger dimensions, now lying on the ground. There is a large and very beautiful one, also called Clogh-togle, at Tamlaght, near Coagh ; it consists of six upright stones standing about 5 feet above the ground, on which is a large slab whose greatest diameter is 10 feet, its circumference 2S, and its greatest thickness 7 feet. Another, but less perfect, is to be seen in the demesne of Loughry ; and a very noble one, 12 feet high, a quarter of a mile above Castlederg. At Kilmeillie, near Dungannon, are two circles of stones, each about 20 yards in diameter, in the form of the figure S. On the same hill has been found a kind of altar of dry stones, with the charcoal aud bones fresh among the stones, which retained the marks of fire. An urn has been found in a little sandy hill near Cookstown, covered with a large limestone slab, and surrounded by si.x others. Near Omagh, three small chests containing as many urns were found in 17 1-. under two heaps of stones. In the parish of Errigal-Keroge is a flat stone set upright, about three feet broad and of the same height above ground, having one side covered with carvings of a regular design, consisting of waving and circular lines : it had been the cover of a vault formed of flags set edgeways ; in the vault were found two earthen vessels containing ashes. Near Dungannon have been found several brazen trumpets of an uncommon construction, with a hole in the side, and the smaller end stopped, supposed to have been Danish. The monastic institutions of which traces yet remain are those of Ardboe, Ardstraw, Cluin-Dhubhain, Garvaghkerin, Puble, Grange, and Dououghmore : Cloghcr, Airecal-

   Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 367

2. Bridge of Ross destroyed and replaced

   New Ross · town · Wexford · 1643–1795

   The old bridge of Ross was destroyed in 1643, and a ferry supplied the want until the latter part of the last century when an incorporated company raised £11,200 and built a bridge of American oak. The bridge, 508 feet long and 40 feet broad, rested on 24 sets of piers with a drawbridge for large vessels.

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   The TOWN is beautifully situated on the side of a hill declining so precipitously to the Ross river (formed by the Nore and Barrow, which unite about one mile to the north,) as to render the communication between the upper and lower parts extremely inconvenient. Some of the principal streets run nearly parallel with the river, and are intersected by others at right angles ; minor streets and lanes diverge from these in several directions: the total number of houses is 11*3. The place is well supplied with water; the streets are lighted with gas by contract under the Municipal Commissioners. The general appearance of the town for some years did not indicate an increase of prosperity, a circumstance attributed to the difficulty of obtaining land on leases of sufficient duration to encourage building; but witliin the last few years there has been a visible improvement, several new houses having been built. The want of a bridge, after the destruction of the old one in 1643, was supplied by a ferry until the latter part of the last century, when a company incorporated by act of parliament raised a sum of £11, "200, by means of shares ; and a bridge was constructed by Mr. E. Co.x, the architect of Londonderry, Watcrford, and 'Wexford bridges, of American oak. Its length, including a causeway of fifty yards on the Kilkenny side of the river, is 508 feet, and it is 40 feet broad ; it rests on 24 sets of piers, and has a drawbridge to admit the passage of large vessels into the part of the river above the town. The bridge was much injured by a severe frost in 1814; the footways were consequently removed, and have not since been replaced. The tolls, which are let annually, produce on an average £S00 per annum. This bridge connects the town with the village of Rossbercon, formerly a borough of itself, but now included within the electoral boundary of New Ross. A quay extends from the end of the bridge, nearly a quarter of a mile, along the eastern side of the river. On the site of an ancient church in a retired part of the town, is a cavalry barrack, a plain building containing accommodation for 3 officers, 5'2 men. Vol. II.— 439

   Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 264

3. Bridge of Slane defended as strategic pass

   Slane · town · Meath

   The bridge of Slane on the river Boyne has been on many occasions considered and defended as a pass of importance. The town is within four miles of Oldbridge, where the battle of the Boyne was fought.

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   SLANE, a post-town and parish (formerly a pariiamentary borough), in the union of Navan, barony of Upper Slane, county of Meath, and province of Lein- STER, 6| miles (W. S. W.) from Drogheda, and 2'2 (N. by W.) from Dublin, on the coach-road from Dublin to Londonderry, and on the river Boyne ; containing 2510 inhabitants, of whom 555 are in the town. This place is of very high antiquity, and in the earliest ages of Christianity was the seat of a small diocese, of which St. Eire, who had built himself a hermitage, was consecrated first bishop by St. Patrick ; he died in 514. On the neighbouring hill an abbey for Canons Regular was founded at a remote period, into which the young Dagobert, King of Austrasia, in France, who had been banished from his own country when only seven years of age, was received in 653, for the purpose of being educated ; he continued to reside in it 20 years, till recalled to France and restored to his throne. This establishment was many times plundered, and the monks massacred, by the Ostnien of Dublin, to whose ravages it was peculiarly exposed. In 11*2 the town was sacked and burned by Dermod Mac Murrough and a party of the English ; and it was again plundered by the English in 1175, from which period the abbey seems to have continued in decay till the year 1512, when it was restored by Sir Christopher Fleming, Lord of Slane, who placed in it two friars who had till then resided in the hermitage of St. Eire. On the settlement of the English in Meath the town became a borough, and in the reign of Henry VI. ranked as one of the middle class. The Fleming family having been engaged in the civil war of 1641, the estate escheated to the crown ; and the lands subsequently became the property of the Right Hon. Wilham Conyngbam, ancestor of the Marquess Conyngham. The place is within four miles of Oldbridge, where the battle of the Boyne was fought ; and the bridge of Slane has been on many occasions considered, and defended, as a pass of importance. The town is pleasantly situated on the northern bank of the river, which is navigable from its estuary at Drogheda up to Navan : it consists of S3 houses, chiefly modern and of neat appearance ; and the richness of the surrounding scenery renders it one of the most attractive places in the county.

   Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 286

4. Bridge over Blackwater at Lismore

   Lismore · town · Waterford

   A fine stone bridge over the river Blackwater was erected by the late Duke of Devonshire at an expense of £9000, with a central arch spanning 100 feet, connecting the town of Lismore across the river.

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   The TOWN, which has been greatly improved by the late and present duke, is romantically situated on the summit of a steep eminence rising to the height of 93 feet from the southern bank of the river Blackwater, over which is a fine bridge of stone, erected by the late duke of Devonshire at an expense of £9000, and of which the central arch has a span of 100 feet. Some new streets have been made : the total number of houses, in 1841, was 352, several of which are neat and well built; the place has a cheerful and thriving appearance. The castle, restored by the late duke in 1812, forms an imposing object, rising majestically from the elevated bank of the river, and occupying the verge of a precipitous cliff, partly clothed with wood and towering above the foliage which conceals its base. The approach is through an outer gateway, called the Riding House, from which a long avenue of stately trees, flanked with high stone walls, leads to the principal entrance through a lofty gateway-tower, over which are the arms of the first earl of Cork, into the square of the castle. Several of the towers are still in their original state, though other portions of the building have been restored and embellished in a more modern style. The state apartments are spacious, and very elegantly fitted up ; the drawing-rooms are hung with splendid tapestry, and paintings by the first masters. From the summits of the tower, and the flat roofs of the building, are magnificent views of the surrounding country : in front is the lofty mountain of Knockmeledown, rising above the range of hills extending eastward, and from which a deep ravine thickly wooded, and alternated with projecting masses of rugged rock appearing through the foliage, descends to the vale immediately below it ; the vale is embellished with handsome residences and rich plantations ; and near its apparent extremity is seen the town of Cappoquin, with the spire of its church, and its bridge of light structure over the river. In the grounds are some remarkably fine yew-trees of great age, forming an avenue, and assuming the appearance of cloisters. The trade is very inconsiderable ; but on the river, immediately below the castle, is an extensive salmon-fishery, and during the season great Cjuantities of fish are taken, which are packed in ice, and exported to Liverpool and to other distant ports. The Blackwater affords facility of commerce with the port of Youghal ; the navigation was extended from the point to which the tide reaches, about a mile to the east, up to the bridge, by a canal constructed at the expense of the late duke, by means of which corn and flour are exported, and timber, iron, coal, and miscellaneous articles are imported, in lighters plying between this place and Youghal. In the excise arrangements Lismore is within the district of Water-

   Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 85

5. Bridgetown castle and the Keating family

   Bridgetown · town · Wexford

   The castle of Bridgetown, which belonged to the Keating family before the seventeenth-century confiscations, has been taken down. Its former prominence contrasts with the surviving ruins of Mulrankin castle, which belonged to the Brown family.

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   down ; the former of these castles, before the confiscations of the 17th century, belonged to the family of Brown, and the latter to that of Keating. — See Bridgetown.

   MULTIFARNHAM, or Moleyfarnam, also called MuLTiFEKNAM, a pari.sh, in the union of Mullingar, barony of Corkaree, county ofWESTMEATH, and province of Leinster, 6 miles (N.) from Mullingar, and on the road from Edgeworth'stown and Longford to Castletown-Delvin ; containing 1366 inhabitants, of whom '275 are in the village. The aubey here was founded in 1236, by William Delamere, or De la Mar, for Conventual Franciscans. In the 13th of Hciy:y IV., on account of its open and exposed situation to the sept of the O'Farrels, Maurice de la Mar obtained a grant of tolls for fortifying the bridge of Multifarnham. In 1460, it was reformed by the friars of the Strict Observance : and in 1529 a provincial chapter of the order was held here. This religious establishment is remarkable for having been maintained in its early splendour until a later period than any other ; for, although formally dissolved by Henry VIII., those to whom it was granted did not dispossess the monks, who, in 1622, even attempted the establishment of a branch of their society at Mullingar ; and here they preserved all the images, pictures, reliques, &c., which had previously belonged to their church, together with their full choir, and hospitable household. From the actual convenience of the place and its central situation, the abbey became the chief place in which the plans for the civil war of 1641 were debated on and settled ; nor did these preparatory meetings pass without observation at the time. In the subsequent reign of Charles II., the expelled monks took up their quarters in the vicinity, whence they were driven on account of the alleged discovery of the plot. The ruins, including the conventual church, are characterised by neatness and compactness rather than by loftiness or splendour; but from the midst, between the nave and chancel, rises a slender steeple.

   Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 188

6. Broadhaven harbour and proposed canal through the Mullet isthmus

   near Broadhaven · population centre · Mayo

   The harbour of Broadhaven in County Mayo is separated from Blacksod Bay by a 200-yard isthmus connecting the Mullet peninsula to the mainland. There were plans to cut through the isthmus to connect both harbours, creating safe entrances from north and south.

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   hound, so called from the rapidity of its current. The shore is extremely bold, rising in perpendicular cliffs of great height, perforated in some parts with immense caverns, one of which is 7OO feet high at the entrance. The harbour of Broadhavcn is separated from Blacksod bay by an isthmus '200 yards wide connecting the peninsula of the Mullet with the main land, and is 6|- miles long from the entrance, which is f of a mile wide, to the town of Belmullet. It affords good anchorage, of sufficient depth for any vessels ; but there is room only for two large or four small ships to ride in shelter from northerly winds, at half-cable length to the eastward and westward ; the anchorage is between two spots of sand, one stretching from Ringtail Head on the west, and the other from Rinishummuck on the east side. To the north-east of the harbour is Binwee Head, &'24 feet in height ; off which are the stags of Broadhavcn, four remarkably high rocks, visible at a great distance, and serving to distinguish this part of the coast, which to Killala bay is clear of rocks and shoals, the shore being mostly steep cliffs indented with small fishingcoves. To the north of the entrance to Broadhaven bay, and also off Binwee Head, is Kid Island, comprising •25^ acres. It has been in contemplation to cut through the isthmus separating the harbour from Blacksod bay, and to connect these harbours, which are defended from the Atlantic by the breakwater of the Mullet, 15 miles in length ; thus opening entrances to Broadhavcn both from the north and south, and affording full security to vessels sailing in and out of the bays. Were this done, they would be as safe and commanding as any harbours on the western coast of Ireland.

   Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 16

7. Brodrick family mausoleum in Midleton churchyard

   Midleton · town · Cork

   A grey marble mausoleum in the Grecian style stands in Midleton churchyard, with a pediment on two lofty pillars and a white marble tablet inscribed to Charles Brodrick, D.D., Archbishop of Cashel and former rector of the parish, and his wife.

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   The parish comprises 4617 statute acres: the soil, though in some parts light, is fertile, and the system of agriculture greatly improved ; there is neither waste land nor bog. The substratum is generally limestone, which is quarried for agricultural and building purposes. The surrounding scenery is pleasingly diversified, and in many points highly picturesque : the principal seats are, Cahirmore, the property of Lord Midleton; Bally-Edmond ; Broomfield House; Killeagh Farm ; Charleston ; Ballinacurra Lodge ; and Lake View. The living is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of Cloyne, and in the patronage of the Bishop ; the tithe rent-charge is £673. 7- 6. The glebehouse, a large residence, is pleasantly situated ; and the glebe comprises 14| acres of good land : the house was built in 1791, by the then incumbent, at an expense of upwards of £2000, of which the Board of First Fruits gave £100. The church, erected in 1825 at an expense of £3000, a loan from the late Board of First Fruits, is a handsome structure in the later English style, with an embattled tower enriched with pinnacles and surmounted by a light and elegant spire, the whole erected after a design by, and under the immediate superintendence of, Messrs. Pain. It was recently repaired by aid of a grant of £202 from the Ecclesiastical Commissioners. In the churchyard is a mausoleum of grey marble, in the Grecian style, having in front a pediment resting on two lofty pillars, between which is a tablet of white marble, inscribed to Charles Brodrick, D.D., Archbishop of Cashel, and formerly rector of the parish, fourth son of George, Viscount Midleton ; and to his wife, the Hon. Lady Brodrick, second daughter of R. Woodward, D.D., Bishop of Cloyne ; by their seven surviving children. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish is the head of a district, comprising also the parishes of Ballyspillane, Inchynebacky, Mogeeshy, and Ballyouteragh ; the principal chapel, near the eastern extremity of the town, is a spacious edifice, and there is also a chapel at Ballinf oretis. A convent for nuns of the order

   MILL

   Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 153

8. Bronze kettle-drum instrument found at Muckross

   Muckross · townland · Kerry

   A bronze instrument resembling a kettle-drum was found at Muckross and was considered among the most curious minor remains of remote ages. It was deposited in Charlemont House, Dublin.

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   The VESTIGES of ANTIQUITY Scattered over the county are very numerous, though the most common are merely the traces of the military struggles of which it has been the scene. It had formerly three of the ancient round towers, of which the one that stood near the cathedral oi Ardfert fell in 1771 ; of another, at Aghadue about 20 feet remain ; and the third is still standing nearly entire at Rattoo. Stuigiif fort, in the parish of Kilcrohane, is an extraordinary circular building of the most remote date : there is another stone fort with seats around it, about three miles distant, but in ruins, from the inferior solidity of its workmanship ; and a similar inclosure is to be seen in Iveragh, on the opposite side of the river to Cahirciveen. Perhaps of a remoter age are the Ogham inscriptions near the church of Kilmelchedor, not far from Sraerwick harbour ; where there is another inscription in a running character of various ancient letters. At Ballysteeny is likewise a stone with an Ogham inscription ; and, in the ruined church of Aghadoe, another. Among the most curious of the ancient fortifications is the circular inclosure at Caherdonnel, which is attributed to the Danes ; and on the mountain of Cahirconree, or " the fortress of King Con," is a circle of massive stones, also piled in the manner of a Danish intrenchment. There is a Danish camp, called Caher Truiit, on the shores of Ventry haven ; and another at Rathanaiie, in the same vicinity. Clee Riiadh, or the Red Ditch, is a singular line of defence, commencing at a place called Caher Carbery, near Kerry Head, and carried eastward to the Cashen river, beyond which it re-appears ; proceeding over Knockanure mountain, it enters Limerick county, where all traces of it are lost. It is conjectured to have been a line of demarcation between the principalities of Thomond and Desmond. The most curious of the minor remains of the more remote ages is the bronze instrument, resembling a kettle-drum, found at Muckross, and now deposited in Charlemont House, Dubhn. Eighteen Religious Houses are said to have anciently existed in this county ; and there are remains of those of Aghamore or Derrynanc, Ardfert, Ballinaskellig, Innisfallen, Irrelagh or Muckross, Killagh or de Bello Loco (in the parish of Kilcoleman), Lislaghtin, O'Dorney or Kjnrie Eleison, and Rattoo or Rathtoy. There are also the ruins of the ancient cathedrals of Ardfert and Aghadoe ; a ruined religious building, called Monaster in Oriel, in the parish of Kilgarvan ; chapels or cells, built entirely of stone with arched roofs, on Skellig and Blasquet Islands, from the former of which the abbey of Ballinaskellig was removed to the main land ; a curious church and cell, dedicated to St. Finian, on an island in Lough Currane, in the parish of Dromod ; a stone-roofed cell at Fane, in the parish of Ventry ; one also at Kelmelchedor j one near Gallerus, at the 15

   Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 11

9. Bronze kettle-drum relic found near Muckross

   Muckross · townland · Kerry

   A curious bronze antiquity resembling a kettle-drum, about two feet in diameter, was found in a bog near Muckross. When struck it emits a deep hollow sound like an Indian gong; it was deposited in the library of Charlemont House, Dublin. A smaller similar relic found nearby was broken while being raised.

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   At Lissavigeen, two miles and a half east of the town, is an ancient fort, or rath, called the Druids' Circle, consisting of a circular embankment 35 feet in diameter, within which is a circle of seven upright stones, four feet high ; and at about the distance of 36 feet from the embankment are two upright stones of much larger dimensions seven feet apart. A very curious relic of antiquity, in form resembling a kettle-drum, was found some years since in a bog near Muckross ; it is of bronze, about two feet in diameter, and on being struck emits a deep-toned, hollow sound, resembling that of the Indian gong ; it is deposited in the library of Charlemont House, Dublin. A smaller one, which was found near it, was broken in attempting to raise it. The wild, romantic, and rocky mountain pass called the Gap of Dunloe, together with the castle of that name, is described in the article on Knockane ; and the ruins of the cathedral, the ancient round tower, and the Bishop's chair, are noticed in the article on Aghadoe. Several of the O'Donoghues, Irish chieftains or princes, were interred in Muckross Abbey ; the most powerful were the O'Donoghues of Ross, and the O'Donoghues of the Glens.

   Of the numerous Lakes in the county of Kerry, the largest as well as the most interesting are those of Kil- LARNEY, situated about a mile and a half from the town, on the confines of a chain of lofty mountains, between which and the Atlantic are others of still greater magnitude and elevation ; among the latter is the majestic Curran Tual, rising to the height of 3404 feet above the level of the sea, and forming the principal of the range called Mac Gillycuddy's Reeks, and the most elevated point in Ireland. The Lakes of Killarney may be regarded as an immense reservoir for the waters of the surrounding country, descending from the mountain lakes by tributary rivers ; and their surplus waters are conveyed through the harbour of Castlemaine into the Atlantic by the river Laune, which is the only

   Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 34

10. Bronze weapons dug up at battle site near Carrick

    near Seagoe · parish · Armagh

    Near the spot where a battle was fought in the Seagoe area, several brazen swords and spear-heads of superior workmanship have been dug up. Colonel Blacker also possesses a curious stone battle-hammer head found in the same place, with an osier-withes handle.

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    The LIVING is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of Dromore, forming the corps of the archdeaconry, and in the patronage of the Bishop : the tithe rentcharge is £247. 10., and the glebe comprises 500 acres valued at £652. 7. per annum, making the gross income of the archdeacon nearly £900. The glebe-house is a commodious residence contiguous to the church ; the latter is a large handsome edifice in the early English style, with a square tower, built at an entire cost of £'2'200, of which £1000 were a loan from the late Board of First Fruits. The Ecclesiastical Commissioners recently granted £319 for its repair ; the interior is fitted up in a very superior manner. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish is united with that of Moyntaghs; there are two chapels, at Derrymacash and Bluestone. At Edenderry, which forms a suburb to Portadown, is a meeting-house for Presbyterians in connexion with the General Assembly : there is a place of worship for Wesleyan Methodists at Bluestone ; and three dispensaries have recently been established. There are male and female schools at Balteagh and Bluestone, with houses for the master and mistress, chiefly supported by the Duke and Duchess of Manchester, and conducted on the principles of the Moral Agency System, with a lending library attached to each : the loan and clothing fund of Tanderagee, and the dispensary of Portadown, are connected with these schools, and open to the free use of parents and children. There are also schools at Levaghery and Hacknahay, the former built by Colonel Blacker, the latter considerably aided by Mrs. Cope and Archdeacon Saurin ; other schools are also aided by annual donations from Archdeacon Saurin and Colonel Blacker, and a girls' school at Carrick is superintended by Mrs. Blacker. Near the spot where the battle was fought, several brazen swords and spear-heads of superior workmanship have been dug up ; two, nearly perfect, are in the possession of the Earl of Charleville, to whom they were presented by Colonel Blacker, who has in his possession a curious battle-hammer head of stone, found in the same place, the handle composed of osier withes, and the whole much resembling a smith's punch of the present day.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 274

11. Bronze weapons found at Kilcoe in 1825

    Kilcoe · townland · Cork · 1825

    In 1825, labourers quarrying stone at Kilcoe discovered several bronze swords and spear-heads, all in good preservation. The finds indicate ancient metallurgical activity at the site.

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    mixed with small tracts of bog. The land under tillage is chiefly in patches amidst the rocks, and is generally cultivated by the spade ; the manure is brought to it on the backs of horses, and the produce carried off in the same manner. Some of the higher grounds afford tolerable pasturage for young cattle. The scenery is for the most part wild, and marked with features of rugged grandeur ; but the glen here, througii which the river rushes with furious impetuosity, forming numerous cataracts in its progress to the bay to which it gives name, abounds with young and thriving plantations, and is finely contrasted with the sterility around it. In this romantic glen have been erected mills, corn-stores, and quays, on the banks of the river. Two manorial courts are held monthly, by the seneschals of the bishop of Ross and Thomas Hungerford, Esq., respectively. The parish is in the diocese of Ross : the rectory is partly impropriate in Lord Riversdale, and partly constitutes a portion of the income of the vicar ; the vicarage is united with that of Cape Clear, in the patronage of the Bishop. The tithe rent-charge of Kilcoe is £225. The church, a small edifice, for the erection of which the late Board of First Fruits, in 1830, gave £650, is nearly in the centre of the parish. There is neither glebe-house nor glebe. In the Roman Catholic divisions Kilcoe forms part of the district of Aghadown : the chapel is a large edifice, situated near the Roaring Water. On a point of land at the head of Roaring- Water bay are the extensive remains of Kilcoe Castle, built by the M'^Cartys, lords of Clandermot, and now consisting principally of a large massive square tower, with a small turret ; at no great distance, close to the shore, are the ruins of the old parish church. Several swords and spear-heads of bronze were found in 1825, by some labourers quarrying stone ; they were all in good preservation.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 16

12. Broughshane church erected by Charles O'Neill

    near Broughshane · town · Antrim · 1765

    The present church of Broughshane, serving as the church of the union of the Braid, was erected by Charles O'Neill, ancestor of Viscount O'Neill, probably around 1765. A gallery and vestry were added at parish expense in 1829.

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    The living is a rectory, in the diocese of Connor, united from time immemorial with the rectory of Racavan, and in the patronage of the Marquess of Donegal : the tithe rent-charge of the parish is £'299- 11., and of the entire benefice, which is popularly called the union of the Braid, £537. 3. The ancient church has been long in ruins ; the present, situated in the town of Broughshane, and which is the church of the union, is a small edifice in the Grecian style of architecture, with a handsome spire. It was erected by Charles, ancestor of the present Viscount O'Neill, probably about the year I765, on condition of the parishioners keeping it in repair ; a gallery was added to it, and a vestry built, at the expense of the parish, in 1«29 : there is a beautiful marble font, the gift of the Rev. Mr. Crawford. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish, with Dunaghy, is called the parish of Glenravel. Here is an excellent parochial school-house, in which divine service is performed on alternate Sundays. The late Alex. Davison, Esq., bequeathed £100 towards the education of poor children.

    The ruins of the ancient church, in which were interred many of the ancestors of Viscount O'Neill, are situated on the summit of a conical hill, and form a conspicuous object for many miles round ; there are also numerous forts, raths, and artificial caverns, in the parish. It is said that small particles of gold have been found in the rills riinning from the hills where the greenstone is obtained ; and in the valley of the river Arloags, near the bridge, are some fine basaltic columns

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 283

13. Brown's Castle in ruins over the Slaney

    Enniscorthy · townland · Wexford

    Brown's Castle stands on a projecting point over the River Slaney, about two miles from Enniscorthy. It is described as being in ruins.

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    Two miles north-west of the town is Carrifiq Caslle, seated on the pinnacle of a rock over the Slaney : two miles from Wexford is also the castle of Barnloun ; and that of Fenis is worthy of note both in an historical and architectural point of view. One of the noblest and earliest military structures of the English settlers is Enniscorthy Ciistle. Another of these feudal structures ia at Mtickmine ; Brown's Castle, on a projecting point over the river Slaney, about two miles from Enniscorthy, is in ruins. At a short distance from Dunbrody Abbey is a curious old fortress, called Cuistan-na-Dlahie, or " Buttermilk Castle ;" and in the same neighbourhood are the rnins of Killesk, Knockagh, and Kithile Castles. Of Ballijkeroge or Sutton's Castle, so called from its founder, Roger de Sutton, considerable ruins still exist ; and in the same district are a castle at Stokestowii, another at Aldertown, a third at I'riest's Haggard, and two in the Great Island. On the summit of Moiintgarrett, a lofty hill that overlooks the town of New Ross, are the ruins of an ancient castle, from which a branch of the Butler family derives the title of Viscount. On the peninsula of Hook are the remains of Slade Castle and Houseland Castle ; and on its extreme point is the old fort Hook Tower, which has recently been converted into a lighthouse. Duncormuck or Croscorinuck Castle, on the inlet of Bannow, owes its erection to the English settlers under de Montmorency. There are the remains, more or less perfect, of nearly sixty of these ancient castles or towers, most of which are situated in the baronies of Forth and Bargy : the principal, not already enumerated, are, Johnstown Caslle, near Wexford, now incorporated with the modern castellated mansion of H. R. G. Morgan, Esq. ; Rathma<knee, in the same neighbourhood, which was inhabited by the Knox family within the last SO years ; Bargtj, which gave name to the barony, also incorporated with some comparatively modern additions ; Butlerstown, Lingstoicn, Ballycogley, and Cloest, in the barony of Forth ; and Ballyhealy, Balb/ttigiie, Baldwinstown, Coothnlt, and Dane's Castle, in that of Bargy. Not far from Duncormuck Castle is Strongbow's Fort, on the head of Bagenbon, where are yet visible the remains of strong intrenchments, attributed to that leader, though it is more probable that they were thrown up by the party under Fitz-Stephen, who landed there two years before, as Strongbow's debarkation took place in the county of Waterford. Duncannon Fvrt, on the eastern bank of Waterford harbour, is modern in comparison with those hitherto noticed.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 397

14. Bruce family tomb in Killinchy churchyard

    Killinchy · townland · Down

    In the churchyard at Killinchy is the tomb of the family of Bruce. The church itself was built in 1830 on an eminence.

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    The living is a rectory, in the diocese of Down, and in the alternate patronage of Viscount Bangor and the Earl of Carrick : the tithe rent-charge is £600. The church, a large and handsome edifice with a square embattled tower, situated on an eminence, was built in 1830, at an expense of £900, whereof one-half was raised by subscription, and the remainder by parochial assessment. The glebe-house was built in 1789, by the then incumbent, and there is a glebe of 12 acres. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish forms part of the district of Saintfield and Killinchy, and has a chapel at Carrickmannon. There is a meeting-house for Presbyterians in connexion with the General Assembly. The parochial schools are principally sujiported by the rector ; the school-house, built in 1825, is a good plain edifice, containing separate schoolrooms for boys and girls, and residences for the master and mistress. There are ten other public schools, six of which are connected with the National Board ; the remaining four are aided by annual donations from Lord Dufferin, D. Gordon, Esq., and the rector. The Earl of Limerick, about 1730, gave part of the townland of Killinchy, which now produces £300 per annum, to the Incorporated School Society; and in ISIO, Major Potter bequeathed £100 to the poor members of the Presbyterian meeting house, among whom the interest is divided every Christmas. Here are the remains of Balloo fort, near which many silver coins of the reigns of John and other monarchs were found in 1829 : the ancient castle of the family of White stood on the site of Killinchy fort, and in 1802 many silver and copper coins were found in its vicinity. In the churchyard is the tomb of the family of Bruce.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 39

15. Bruce's Castle ruins on Rathlin Island

    near Rathlin Island · island or archipelago · Antrim

    Slight remains survive of the ruined fortress called Bruce's Castle on Rathlin Island. Nothing is recorded of its original foundation.

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    gross income of the benefice £91. 9- The church, towards the erection of which the late Board of First Fruits contributed £H00, is a neat edifice with a square tower, erected in 1815. The Roman Catholic chapel is a plain building. There are some slight remains of the ruined fortress called Bruce's Castle, of the original foundation of which nothing is upon record. Almost in the centre of the island are some small tumuli ; in one of these was a stone coffin, near which were an earthen vessel, and a considerable number of human bones j and on the plain where the tumuli are placed have been found brazen swords, spear-heads, and a large fibula, which are deposited in the museum of Trinity College, Dublin. Not far from the Black Rock, on the south of Church bay, are four remarkable caverns, which, though penetrating a basaltic mass and at a point remote from any calcareous formation, have calcareous stalactites depending from the roof, which by their continual dropping have deposited an incrustation, about an inch in thickness, on the floor beneath.

    RATHLIN O'BEIRNE.— See Glencollumbkille. RATHLINE.— See Rathcline. RATHLOGAN, an ancient parish, in the union of Kilkenny, barony of Galmoy, county of Kilkenny, and province of Leinster, on the confines of the county of Tipperary ; containing 218 inhabitants, and comprising 485 statute acres.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 251

16. Building of Temple More or the Great Church in Derry

    near Derry · city · Derry · 1164–1600

    In 1164, the Augustinian abbot Flahertagh O'Brolchain oversaw the construction of Temple More, a 240-foot-long edifice near the Black Church outside the city wall. Both this new church and the original abbey church (Duv Regies) were demolished in 1600 by Sir Henry Docwra to build fortifications.

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    were driven with great slaughter from the siege of Derry by Niall Caille, King of Ireland, and Murchadh, Prince of Aileach. In 9>S3, the shrine of St. Columbkill was carried away by the Danes, by whom the place was also thrice devastated about the close of the 10th century : in 1095 the abbey was consumed by fire. In 1100 Murtagh O'Brien arrived with a large fleet of foreign vessels, and attacked Derry, but was defeated with great slaughter by the sou of Mac Loughlin, Prince of Aileach. Ardgar, Prince of Aileach, was slain in an assault upon Derry in ll'M; and on the 30th of March, 113.5, the town with its churches was destroyed by fire, in revenge, as some state, of his death : it sustained a similar calamity in 1149. In 1158, Flahertagh OBrolchain, abbot of the Augustine monastery, was raised to the episcopacy, and appointed supreme superintendent of all the abbeys under the rule of St. Columb, by a synodical decree of the Irish clergy assembled at Brigh-mac- Taidhg, in the north of Meath. OBrolchain immediately commenced preparations for the erection of a new church on a larger scale; and in 1162 he removed more than 80 houses adjacent to the abbey church, and inclosed the abbey with a circular wall. In 1164 Temple More, or " the great church," was built, and the original abbey church was thenceforward distinguished as Duv Regies, or " the Black Church :" the new edifice was 240 feet long, and was one of the most splendid ecclesiastical structures erected in Ireland prior to the settlement of the Anglo-Normans ; its site was near the Black Church, outside the present city wall, and is now chiefly occupied by the Roman Catholic chapel and cemetery. Both edifices were entirely demolished by Sir Henry Docwra, governor of Derry, in 1600, and the materials used in the erection of the extensive works constructed at that period ; but the belfry or round tower of the cathedral served till after the celebrated siege, and has given name to a lane called the Long Tower.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 98

17. Bunclody town at the confluence of Clody and Slaney

    Bunclody · town · Wexford · 1841

    The town, formerly called Bunclody, is situated at the confluence of the rivers Clody and Slaney on the borders of Carlow and Wexford. Originally built as an irregular square, it had expanded in various directions by 1841 and contained 257 well-built houses.

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    The Tow.N, formerly called Bunclody, from its situation at the confluence of the rivers Clody and Slaney, is on the confines of the counties of Carlow and We.xford, which are here bounded by those rivers. It was originally built in the form of an irregular square, but has since been extended in various directions, and in 1841 contained 257 houses, most of which are well built ; the whole has a cheerful and thriving appearance. The western suburb extends into the parish of Barragh, in the county of Carlow, with which it is connected by a bridge over the river Clody ; and the town, generally, occupies a sequestered and beautifully romantic site on the banks of the Slaney, over which is a stone bridge of seven arches, and at the base of a chain of mountains stretching along the borders of Carlow and Wexford. The environs are embellished with several elegant seats embosomed in thriving plantations, which acquire, from their proximity to the water, a freshness of verdure finely contrasting with the dark foliage of the surrounding woods. Adjoining the town, though in the parish of Kilrush, are barracks for the military, of whom a detachment is generally stationed here. In the excise arrangements the town is within the district of Wexford. The market, chiefly for provisions, is on Saturday, and is one of the best-attended in the south of Ireland, there being no other within ten miles of it; fairs chiefly for cattle are held on Jan. 4th, April 29th, and the 17th and 18th of June, and for coarse linen and flannel on Aug. 20th, Sept. 14th, and the 4th and 30th of November. A constabulary police force and a detachment of the revenue police are stationed here ; and petty-sessions, which, previously to 1831, were weekly, are now held on alternate Saturdays.

    The PARISH comprises about 8284 statute acres of land, chiefly under tillage ; the system of agriculture is improved, and green crops for winter feeding have been partially introduced ; the only waste land is mountain on which is a bog that supplies the inhabitants with

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 213

18. Burial of Leinster king's son on Upper Killary mountain

    Killary · townland · Tipperary

    On the Upper Killary mountain in the parish of Templeichally, county Tipperary, a son of one of the kings of Leinster was buried. The mountain forms part of a parish extending along the Shannon near Killaloe.

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    nes of Corrybally, about three miles further from Killaloe, are worked by the same company, who employ about 300 men. Derry Castle is situated in a noble demesne, abounding with remarkably fine old timber ; the scenery in its vicinity is extremely beautiful, and the Shannon bounds the demesne on the west. The parish is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of Emly, forming part of the union of Kilmastulla : the tithe rent-charge is £304. 12. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish is the head of a district, comprising this parish and that of Kilmastulla, and called Ballina ; in each of the parishes is a chapel. On the Upper Killary mountain, a son of one of the kings of Leinster was buried : on an island in the Shannon, opposite the ruins of the church, are some remains of a monastery; and on the north side of the bridge at Ballina are the ruins of a castle, built most probably to defend the passage of the river.

    "TEMPLE-KIERAN, a parish, in the poor-law union of Navan, barony of Skreen, county of Meath, and province of Leinster, 4 miles (S. E.) from Navan, and near the coach-road from Dublin to Enniskillen ; containing 34'2 inhabitants. This parish comprises, with the chapelry of Lismullen, 200* statute acres of good land. It is a chapelry, in the diocese of Meath, forming part of the union of Skreen : the tithe rent-charge, including that of Lismullen, amounts to £97- 10. The church is a neat structure, erected in ISll by parochial assessment, and a loan of £461 from the late Board of First Fruits. In the Roman Catholic divisions, also, the parish is part of the district of Skreen.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 322

19. Burials of Mount-Alexander, Colville, and Londonderry families in Newtownards church

    near Newtownards · town · Down

    The old church at Newtownards was the burial place of the earls of Mount-Alexander, several members of the Colville family, and the first Marquess of Londonderry together with his father, reflecting the town's association with prominent landed families.

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    posure to the air. The head and horns of a moose-deer were, in 1832, dug up on the townland of Ballymagreechan, and are deposited in the museum at Glasgow. The cemetery of the abbey of Moville is used for a parochial burial-ground ; and near the old church, now the court-house, are the ruins of a private chapel, built by Sir Robert Colville. In that church were interred the remains of the earls and others of the family of Mount- Alexander ; of several of the Colville family ; of the first Marquess of Londonderry ; and of his father.

    NEWTOWN-BARRY, or St. Marys, a market and post town, and a parish, in the union of Enniscorthy, barony of Scarawalsh, county of Wexford, and province of Leinster, 22 miles (N. W.) from Wexford, and 50 (S.) from Dublin ; containing 3723 inhabitants, of whom 1437 are in the town. This town owes its origin and name to its founder, James Barry, Esq., who was sheriff of Dublin in 1577, and progenitor of the barons of Santry ; it came into the possession of John Maxwell, Esq., afterwards created Lord Farnham, by marriage in 1*19 with the daughter and heiress of James Barry, Esq., and is now the property of the present lord. In the disturbances of 179S this place was attacked, on the 1st of June, by the insurgents, who obtained possession of it for a short time, but were soon driven out by the troops of the line and yeomanry.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 213

20. Burial urn found at Windmill Hill, Wexford, 1831

    Wexford · town · Wexford · 1831

    A rudely carved urn of unbaked clay containing calcined human bones was discovered near Windmill Hill in Wexford in 1831, suggesting a prehistoric burial site in the area.

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    The ruins of the ancient monastery of St. Peter and St. Paul of Selsker, consisting of a tower now forming part of the present church, and some of the arches, are still in existence. It is said that Cromwell, when he destroyed the church at the sacking of Wexford, carried away the ring of bells, and that they are now in one of the churches in Liverpool : according to tradition, the freedom of the town, and exemption from the port dues, of Liverpool, were granted to the freemen of Wexford in lieu of these bells. There are no remains of the priory of the Knights of St. John of Jerusalem, or of the Magdalene leper house. Some portions of the town walls, with five of the towers, three square and two round, are still in a sufficient state of preservation to shew that the walls were 22 feet high, and were .supported on the inside by a rampart of earth 2 1 feet thick : ruins of most of the old churches, also, are still visible. Near the West gate was a strong chalybeate spring, now closed up. Many coins have been found at different times, but none of great antiquity : among them are some of copper, of the dates 1605 and 1615, evidently struck off for tokens by merchants or dealers to supply the deficiency of legal coin. Near the Windmill hill a rudely carved urn of unbaked clay, containing calcined human bones, was found in 1831. Nicholas French, anthor of " the Bleeding Iphigenia," and several other political publications during the reign of Charles IL, was a native of this town. Wexford gives one of his titles of Earl, in the Irish peerage, to the Earl of Shrewsbury.

    WHERRY, a parish, in the union of Pabsonstown, barony of Garrycastle, King's county, and province of Leinster ; containing, with part of the post-town of

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 400

21. Burncourt ruins, a Cromwellian-era castellated mansion

    Burncourt · townland · Tipperary · 1649–1653

    At Burncourt stand the ruins of a fine old castellated mansion originally erected by one of the barons of Ikerrin. It was besieged and taken by a party of Cromwell's army and was enclosed in a bawn or court of considerable extent surrounded by a high wall.

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    Clogheen, 7398 inhabitants. It comprises 94,923 statute acres. Within its hmits is Shanbally Castle, the splendid mansion of Viscount Lisraore, erected by Mr. Nash, of London : the demesne, which comprises 8'20 acres, is finely wooded, and, being situated in a valley between the Galtee and Waterford mountains, is surrounded by scenery of a grand and imposing character. His lordship lately erected a lodge in a situation of much beauty in a glen of the Galtees, and encircled it with a plantation of about I.=iO acres ; the agricultural improvements carried on under his inspection afford employment to a considerable number of persons. A manor court is occasionally held. The living is a vicarage, in the diocese of Lismore, episeopally united in 1774 to that of Templetenny, and in the gift of the Crown : the rectory is impropriate in Lord Lismore, and Caesar Sutton, Esq. The tithe rent-charge of the parish is £49o. 15., of which £311. '>. are payable to the impropriators, and the remainder to the vicar ; there is a glebe of 2f acres, but no glebe-house.' The gross value of the benefice, including the glebe, before the passing of the Rentcharge act was £434. 12. The church built in 1812, having been condemned, was pulled down in 1846, and a new one is in course of erection in Clogheen, on a site presented by Lord Lismore, who has also contributed £300 towards the building; the estimated cost is £1200, of which £900 have been granted by the Ecclesiastical Commissioners. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish, under the name of Clogheen, is co-extensive with that of the Established Church ; and contains the chapels of Clogheen, and Burncourt or Shanbally Cross. At Burncourt are the ruins of a fine old castellated mansion, originally erected by one of the barons of Ikerrin, and besieged and taken by a party of Cromwell's army : it was inclosed in a bawn or court of considerable extent, surrounded by a high wall, and, with its tall gables and chimneys, still forms a striking object. At Shanrahan is the burial-place of the O'Callaghan family, of which Lord Lismore is the head. Quin, the celebrated actor, is said to have been a native of this parish.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 277

22. Burning of Killerrig church in 1331

    Killerrig · townland · Carlow · 1331

    In 1331 the Irish burnt the church at Killerrig with the priest and eighty persons who had assembled inside it. The Pope ordered the Archbishop of Dublin to excommunicate all persons engaged in the act and to lay their lands under an interdict.

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    King John, by Gilbert de Bocard, which, at the sup pressiou of that order, was granted to the Knights Hospitallers, and, at the general dissolution, to Sir Gerard Aylmer. In 1331, the Irish burnt the church, with the priest and eighty persons who had assembled in it ; the Pope ordered the Archbishop of Dublin to exeomnmnicate all the persons engaged in the perpetration of this atrocious act, and to lay their lands under an interdict. The parish comprises 5318J statute acres, which, with the exception of about 100 acres, are good arable and pasture land : the principal seats are Duckett's Grove and Russell's-town Park. It is an impropriate curacy, in the diocese of Leighliu, forming part of the union of Urglin : the rectory is impropriate in Messrs. Humphreys and Bunbury, who receive the tithe rent-charge, amounting to £'270, out of which £15. 15. are paid to the curate. At Friarstown are the ruins of a castle and of a religious establishment.

    KILLERMOGH, or Kildermoy, a parish, in the union of Ahbeyleix, barony of Clarmallagh, Queen's county, and province of Leinster, 1| mile (N. by W.) from Durrow, on the road from that place to Roscrea ; containing 1114 inhabitants. It comprises '2765 statute acres, of which about 250 are waste and bog ; the remainder is arable and pasture land. Limestone is obtained for building and burning. The living is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of Ossory, and in the patronage of the family of Fitzpatrick : the tithe rentcharge is £105. 16. The church, a neat building, but not in good repair, was erected in 1809. by aid of a gift of £500 from the Board of First Fruits, which also contributed, in 1829, to the building of the glebe-house : the glebe comprises 306a. 'ir. 23p. In the Roman Catholic divisions this parish forms part of the district of Aghavoe. St. Columb is said to have founded an abbey here in 558.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 38

23. Burning of Mullingar by the people of Managh

    Mullingar · town · Westmeath · 1464

    In 1329, Lord Thomas Butler was slain near the town by Mac Geoghegan, and in 1464 the town of Mullingar was burned and destroyed by the people of Managh.

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    MULLINGAR, a market and assize town, a parish, and the head of a union, partly in the barony of Far- TULLAGH, but chiefly in that of Moyashel and Mag- HERADERNON, county of Westmeath, and province of Leinster, "20 miles (S. E.) from Longford, and 39 (W. by N.) from Dublin ; containing 9903 inhabitants, of whom 4569 are in the town. This was one of the ancient palatinate towns founded by the English settlers of Meath. In 1'277, Ralph le Petit, Bishop of Meath, established a priory here for Canons Regular of the order of St. Augustine, which was dedicated to the Blessed Virgin, and was long designated the " House of God, of Mullingar." A Dominican friary was founded in 1237, by the family of Nugent, and attained such celebrity that general chapters of the order were repeatedly held in it. In 1329, Lord Thomas Butler was attacked near this town by Mac Geoghegan, and after an obstinate resistance was defeated and slain; in 1464 the town was burned and destroyed by the people of Managh. The monks of Multifarnham, in 1622, commenced the erection of a Franciscan friary, but it was never completed ; the two previous religious establishments continued to subsist till the reign of Elizabeth, when they were finally dissolved. In 1661, the castle and the two dissolved monasteries, with the town and adjacent land, were by royal charter granted to Sir Arthur Forbes, ancestor of the Earl of Granard, and erected into a manor, with very extensive privileges ; and for better peopling the said manor, Mullingar was by the same charter constituted the assize town for the county. In the war of the Revolution, the town was fortified by Gen. de Ginkel, and became the principal rendezvous of William's forces. From this place he led 2000 horse and 1000 foot against the Irish adherents of James II., who 373

    had encamped at Ballymore ; and it was also the headquarters of William's army prior to the siege of Athlone.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 186

24. Burning of Newcastle by Pheagh O'Toole

    Newcastle · town · Wicklow · 1660–1685

    During the reign of Charles II, Newcastle consisted of several streets but was burned to the ground in a single night. The attack was an incursion by the Irish from the mountains, led by Pheagh O'Toole.

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    was the centre of the eastern or maritime portion of the Byrnes' Country, and part of the Ranelagh, a district that, for more than two ceuturies, has given the title of viscount to the family of Jones. It takes its name from the castle built at a very early period after the English settlement, to protect the colony here from the molestations of the septs of the O'Tooles and the Byrnes, by whom part of the county of Wicklow was then possessed. The place became a principal military station and the chief town of the English on the eastern side of this tract of country, long before the erection of the town of Wicklow into a borough, or of the county into shire ground. In old records it is called Novum Caslrum M'^Kijiie^an ; and in a grant of tolls for repairing the walls of the city of Emly, made in the 31st of Edward I., a similar grant to this town for three years, and for the same purpose, is quoted. In 1308 the castle was repaired by Piers Gaveston, the unfortunate favourite of Edward II., when lord-lieutenant of Ireland. That the English held this castle and manor for a long time after by a very precarious tenure, appears from the fact that one of the clauses of the articles of submission made by Byrne to Thomas of Lancaster, lord-lieutenant in the reign of Henry IV., was a covenant that the king should quietly enjoy the manor of Newcastle ; and in an official document in the reign of Elizabeth, several of its townlands are described as being the inheritance of Pheagh and Phelim ISIac Teige Hugh Byrne, the latter of whom was then the senior chieftain of the Ranelagh sept of the Byrnes, and in that character was present at the parliament held in Dublin in 1585. The manor was vested in the crown in the reign of Charles I., and after the Restoration was parcelled out among several patentees under the Act of Settlement. Cromwell is said to have besieged the castle in his march upon We.xford. In the reign of Charles II. Newcastle was a large town, consisting of several streets, all of which were burned in one night by an incursion of the Irish from the mountains, under Pheagh O'Toole. A large portion of the castle is still to be seen on an artificial moated mount. Near the north end of the village are the vestiges of a strong building, said to have been the gaol and courthouse, and near it are the remains of two other castles ; a large sewer was also lately discovered, in which were found many cannon balls and skeletons.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 203

25. Burning of St. Moling's church and massacre at Timolin castle

    Timolin · townland · Kildare · 1346–1649

    The church of St. Moling at Timolin was burned by Edmond le Boteler. Later, in the reign of Charles I, the castle was taken by the Marquess of Ormonde and the garrison was put to the sword by order of the Lords-Justices despite peace negotiations underway.

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    TIMOLIN, a parish, in the union of Baltinglass, barony of Narragh and Rheban-East, county of KiLDARE, and province of Leinster, on the river Griese, and on the coach-road from Dublin to Carlow ; containing, with the post-town of Ballytore (which is separately described), 1611 inhabitants, of whom l/'J are in the village of Timolin. The name of this place, in Irish, signifies "the house of Moling," and is derived from the foundation of a monastery here by St. Moling of Ferns, who died in the 7th century. In the reign of John, Robert Fitz-Richard, Lord of Noragh or Narragh, founded a convent of nuns of the Arroasian order, which he amply endowed ; and also erected a strong castle. In IS^S the church of St. Moling was burned by Edmond le Boteler ; and in the reign of Charles I. the castle was taken by the Marquess of Ormonde, and the garrison put to Hhe sword by order of the Lords- Justices, though conditions of peace were in progress of adjustment. The parish comprises 2290 statute acres, chiefly under tillage, though there is some good pasture; the land is in general good, and there is no waste : fuel is scarce, and only to be obtained from the bog of Narraghmore, about three miles distant. Here are quarries of sandstone and pebble limestone, which latter is burnt for manure. The village of Timolin contains 28 houses ; fairs are held there on Easter-Monday and on June 28th.

    The seven denominations constituting part of the vicarage of Killelan are now entirely separated from the union of Timolin : they were for some time considered to be under the patronage of the Archbishop, but Sir Richard Steele lately advanced a claim to them, and succeeded in recovering them and in establishing his right to the vicarage of Killelan. The living of Timolin 5S0

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 334

26. Burses and free studentries at Maynooth College

    Maynooth · town · Kildare · 1795–1845

    Roman Catholic bishops, priests, and laity purchased rights called Burse for free studentries at Maynooth College by paying a lump sum whose interest covered a student's maintenance. Donations and bequests totalling £31,681 were made by Irish and English Roman Catholics, including £24,610 specifically for burses or free studentries.

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    to £84,000 : they were treated in every particular as the students on the foundation, to which, indeed, they were transferred, after paying one, two, or more years, according to their merit and as vacancies occurred. It sometimes happened that when there was hut one vacancy, its benefit was divided between two candidates of equal merit, each of whom had to pay thenceforward but half the usual pension. From time to time, some of the Roman Catholic bishops and priests, and laity, purchased for the benefit of their dioceses or families the right of a free studentry, called a Burse, by paying the college at once a sum the interest of which was deemed sufficient to meet the expense of a student's maintenance. But the main support of the college was derived from the grant annually voted by parliament.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 144

27. Burt, Inch, and Muff parishes severed from Templemore

    Burt · parish · Donegal · 1809

    Until 1809 the parish of Templemore extended into County Donegal and included the three parishes of Burt, Inch, and Muff. These were then severed from Templemore and erected into perpetual curacies.

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    and fifteen and a part to the Irish Society. Until the year 1809 the parish extended into the county of Donegal, and included the three parishes of Burt, Inch, and Muff, which were then severed from it and erected into perpetual curacies.

    The PARISH, as at present constituted, contains 12,611 statute acres. It is bounded by the river Foyle and Lough Foyle on the east, and by the county of Donegal on every other side ; extending about eight miles in length from north-east to south-west, and less than three in its greatest breadth in the contrary direction. The surface is beautifully undulating, presenting a succession of hills, mostly cultivated or under pasture. A wide valley, extending from the Foyle at Pennybum, separates the hills into two groups. Of these the southern is the more prominent, rising at its southern extremity into Holywell hill, 860 feet above the sea ; the highest point of the northern group, in Elaghmore, is not more than 354 feet. The lake of Ballyarnet, occupying portions of the three townlands of Ballyarnet, Ballynashallog, and Ballynagard, contains 3a. 3r. 27p. ; its height above the sea is about 100 feet. Except the Foyle, which is navigable for small craft to Castlefin, there is no body of water entitled to the name of river : the numerous small streams which irrigate the parish, flow eastward into the main river or lough, with the exception of one, which, passing by Coshquiu, terminates in Lough Swilly. Springs are numerous ; not fewer than eight occur within a tract of about 20 acres, in Springhill and Creggan ; several of them are slightly chalybeate. The coast of Lough Foyle, where it borders the parish, is low, and destitute of any striking characteristic features. It is the general opinion of the intelligent farmers here that a marked amelioration has taken place in the climate : the seasons both of seed time and harvest have advanced considerably ; and the extended cultivation of wheat, and the increasing number of quails, are further proofs of it.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 323

28. Burton Hall seat in Urglin parish

    Urglin or Rutland · townland · Carlow

    Burton Hall is a seat in the parish of Urglin (or Rutland), County Carlow, pleasantly situated on rising ground within a finely planted demesne and approached by a long, wide avenue of trees.

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    URGLIN, or Rutland, a parish, in the union, barony, and county of Carlow, and province of Lein- STER, "25: miles (E. N. E.) from Carlow, on the road from that town to Castledermot ; containing 1004 inhabitants. This parish comprises 3149 statute acres: the greater part of the land is in small holdings, but the system of agriculture is improving. The seats are, Burton Hall, pleasantly situated on a rising ground in a finely planted demesne, approached by a long and w'ide avenue of trees ; Rutland House ; Rutland Lodge ; Johnstown ; Benekerry Lodge ; and Mount Sion. At Palatinetown is a constabulary station ; and a fair is held there on the '26th of March. The living is a rectory, in the diocese of Leighlin, united in 1*13 to the rectory of Grangeforth, and by act of council in 1803 to the impropriate cure of Killerick, and in the patronage of the Bishop : the tithe rent-charge of the parish is £18". 10., and of the svhole union £407. 4. 6. The church is a neat plain building with a spire, erected in 1821 by aid of a loan of £700 from the Board of First Fruits. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish is partly in the district of TuIIow, and partly in that of Tinriland, and contains a chapel belonging to the latter division, situated at Benekerry.

    URLINGFORD, a parish, in the barony of Galmoy, union and county of Kilkenny, and province of Leix- STER, If mile (S.) from Johnstown, to which it has a sub-post ; on the road from Kilkenny to Thurlcs, and on the coach-road from Dublin to Cork by Cashel ; containing '2830 inhabitants. Of this number 174 2 are in the village, which consists of a main street with a few offsets diverging from it, and contains 318 houses, mostly of inferior appearance. The village is the centre of a manufacture of coarse stuffs, flannels, and 623

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 368

29. Bushy Park, seat of Sir Robert Shaw near Roundtown

    Bushy Park · street · Dublin

    Bushy Park, the seat of Sir Robert Shaw, Bart., is a spacious brick mansion situated in an ample demesne tastefully embellished, commanding views of mountain scenery. It lies in the immediate vicinity of Roundtown near Dublin.

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    ROUNDTOWN, a village, in the parish of Rathfarnham, union of South Dublin, barony of Rathdown, county of Dublin, and province of Leinster, ■i^ miles (S.) from the General Post-office : the population is 1048. The place takes its name from the arrangement of its cottages in the form of a circle ; it is neat, and pleasantly situated, and forms a pleasing feature in the environs of the metropoUs, to which it has a receiving-house for letters. In the immediate vicinity are numerous handsome seats and elegant villas. Bushy Park, the seat of Sir Robert Shaw, Bart., is a spacious mansion of brick, situated in an ample demesne tastefully embellished, and commanding some views of mountain scenery. Fortfield, the admired residence of the late Rt. Hon. Sir W. M^Mahon, Bart., master of the rolls, is pleasingly situated in grounds beautifully ornamented and comprehending much scenery of interest. Kimmage. the seat of the Rt. Hon. F. Shaw, recorder of Dublin, is a handsome mansion in the ancient English style, also in a demesne highly cultivated. Terenure is remarkable for the picturesque beauty of its grounds, embellished with stately timber of many varieties, and its gardens laid out with great taste and comprehending a rich selection of choice plants and flowers. In the demesne and gardens are numerous varieties of orange-trees, ash, elm, horsechesnut, holly, and hawthorn, and more than 1750 different kinds of rose-trees ; the conservatories and hothouses contain upwards of 12,000 square feet of glass, and the whole is arranged in the most perfect order, and preserved with the greatest care. The other seats, more or less distinguished for beauty of situation and variety of scenery, are St. John's, Mountain View, Westbourne Lodge, Ashfield, Bessborough, &c.

    ROUNDWOOD, or Togher, a village, in the parish of Derralossory, union of Rathdrum, barony

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 267

30. Butler castle at Thurles demolished in parliamentary war

    Thurles · town · Tipperary · 1535–1649

    The principal castle of Thurles was erected by James Butler, the first Lord Palatine of Tipperary, whose descendant was created Viscount Thurles in 1535. During the parliamentary war it was garrisoned for the king, then taken by parliamentarian forces who demolished it.

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    TIIURLES, a market and post town, a parish, and the head of a union, in the barony of Eliogakty, county of TippERARY, and province of Munstkr, 24|- miles (N.) from Clonmel, and ~'i (S. W.) from Dublin, on the road from Cashel to Templemore ; containing 10,'284 inhabitants, of whom "523 are in the town. This place, originally called Durlas-O'Fogarty, is of great antiquity, and in the 10th century was the scene of a memorable battle between the Danes and the native Irish, in which the former suffered a signal defeat. Soon after the English invasion, the Ostmen of Dublin, on their march to reinforce Strongbow, who was then encamped at Cashel, halted at this place in careless security, when O'Brien of Thomond suddenly attacked and defeated them, with the loss of 400 of their men and their four principal commanders. O'Brien soon afterwards encountered the English borderers, who were extending their power in this direction ; and, meeting with them at this place, compelled them to retreat. A castle appears to have been erected here at an early period, and in 1'208 was besieged by Hugh de Lacy and taken from Geoffrey Mac Morris, by whom it was then occupied. In 1300 a monastery for Carmelites or 'White friars was founded by one of the Butler family, which at the Dissolution was granted, with all its dependencies, to Thomas, Earl of Ormonde. A preceptory of Knights Templars is said to have been also founded here, of which probably the castle before mentioned may have been a part; but no authentic record exists of such an establishment. The principal castle was erected by James Butler, the first Lord Palatine of Tipperary, one of whose descendants was, in 1535, created Viscount Thurles : this castle, during the parliamentary war, was garrisoned for the king, but was afterwards taken by the parliamentarian forces, by whom it was demolished.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 332

31. Butler residence and Carmelite friary at Knocktopher

    Knocktopher · parish · Kilkenny · 1356–1610

    Knocktopher was the principal residence of the Butlers, earls of Ormonde. James, the second earl, founded a monastery for Carmelite friars in 1356; the first prior, Henry Brown, received temporalties of the see of Ossory. The site and revenues were granted at the Dissolution to Patrick Barnwell by Henry VIII, and later regranted by James I to Sir Nicholas White.

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    KNOCKTOPHER, a town and parish (formerly a parliamentary borough), in the union of Callan, barony of Knocktopher, county of Kilkenny, and province of Leinster, 10 miles (S.) from Kilkenny, on the road to Waterford ; containing. 1968 inhabitants, of whom 46/ are in the town or village. This place was the principal residence of the Butlers, earls of Ormonde, of whom James, the second earl, in 1356, founded a monastery for Carmelite friars : the first prior, Henry Brown, received two parts of the temporahties of the see of Ossory, then in the king's hands ; and the last prior, William, was made bishop of that diocese by Edward VI. The site and revenues of the establishment, at the Dissolution, were granted by Henry VIII. to Patrick Barnwell ; and a regrant of the abbey and lands was made by James I. to Sir Nicholas White, Knt., from whose representatives the ancestor of the present proprietor, the Rev. Sir Hercules Richard Langrishe, purchased them. In 1365, the same Earl of Ormonde obtained from Edward III. the grant of a weekly market and several fairs ; and the town appears to have enjoyed the privileges of a free borough by a kind of prescriptive right, which was acknowledged in a charter of James II. that never came into operation. The castle was taken in 1649 by the parliamentarian forces, commanded by Cromwell in person, aud by his orders was immediately demolished. Knocktopher first sent members to the Irish parliament in l66l, and continued to do so till the Union, when the borough was disfranchised. The inhabitants by prescription chose a portreeve, chiefly for the election of their representatives, and in the charter of James II. the corporation is styled the " Sovereign, Burgesses, and Commonalty ;" but since the Union every municipal right has become extinct. The place is at present merely a village, containing 80 houses, of which several are neatly built ; and has a post-office, and a constabulary police station. Both market and fair have been discontinued.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 62

32. Butler square castle in centre of Roscrea

    Roscrea · town · Tipperary

    In the centre of Roscrea stood a lofty square castle built by the Butler family, in good preservation. Part of it had been appropriated as a depot for military stores for troops quartered in the barracks.

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    The only part left of the ancient Abbey is the western gable, with an arched door forming an entrance to the present churchyard ; on each side of the arch are two flat niches, and above the doorway is a figure of the patron saint, Cronan, but much mutilated. In the churchyard is part of a circular cross, which, with another stone now forming part of the wall, is called the Shrine of St. Cronan, and is rudely sculptured with a representation of the Crucifixion and other figures. On the opposite side of the road, to the north-west of the old church, is an ancient Round Tower ; it is about SO feet high, in good preservation, and covered with a dome roof of wood ; around its base are two tiers of stone steps, and about 15 feet from the ground is a circular arched doorway, above which, at an elevation of 15 feet, is a pointed window. There are also some remains of the Culdee establishment of Mona Incha, where, from the time of St. Columba, who flourished early in the 6th century and was the founder of that order, subsisted till the beginning of the 17th century a fraternity of monks remarkable for their learning and sanctity, who strenuously resisted the usurpations of the see of Rome, and are mentioned by Archbishop Ussher as existing in the earlier part of his time. In the north-western pait of the town are the remains of the Franciscan Friary, still in tolerable preservation ; the tower of the ancient church forms the entrance to the Roman Catholic chapel. In a street called the Mall is still standing a circular tower, forming a portion of the castle erected by King John : this tower has been recently roofed ; and in the centre of the town, and in good preservation, is the lofty square castle built by the Butler family, part of which has been appropriated as a depAt for military stores for the use of the troops quartered in the barracks. St. Canice here wrote a copy of the Four Gospels, called Glass Kennic, or " the Chain of Canice," which till the time of Ussher was preserved in the abbey of this place : there was also a curious copy written by Dimma, a scribe, the son of Aengus son of Carthin, which was also kept here in a curiously ornamented box, and was most probably the manuscript in the possession of Sir William Betham, Ulster King at Arms. There is a chalybeate spring at Corville, near the town.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 263

33. Buttermilk Castle near Dunbrody Abbey

    Dunbrody · townland · Wexford

    A curious old fortress called Cuistan-na-Dlaith or 'Buttermilk Castle' stands at a short distance from Dunbrody Abbey. In the same neighbourhood are ruins of Killesk, Knockagh, and Kithile Castles.

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    Two miles north-west of the town is Carrifiq Caslle, seated on the pinnacle of a rock over the Slaney : two miles from Wexford is also the castle of Barnloun ; and that of Fenis is worthy of note both in an historical and architectural point of view. One of the noblest and earliest military structures of the English settlers is Enniscorthy Ciistle. Another of these feudal structures ia at Mtickmine ; Brown's Castle, on a projecting point over the river Slaney, about two miles from Enniscorthy, is in ruins. At a short distance from Dunbrody Abbey is a curious old fortress, called Cuistan-na-Dlahie, or " Buttermilk Castle ;" and in the same neighbourhood are the rnins of Killesk, Knockagh, and Kithile Castles. Of Ballijkeroge or Sutton's Castle, so called from its founder, Roger de Sutton, considerable ruins still exist ; and in the same district are a castle at Stokestowii, another at Aldertown, a third at I'riest's Haggard, and two in the Great Island. On the summit of Moiintgarrett, a lofty hill that overlooks the town of New Ross, are the ruins of an ancient castle, from which a branch of the Butler family derives the title of Viscount. On the peninsula of Hook are the remains of Slade Castle and Houseland Castle ; and on its extreme point is the old fort Hook Tower, which has recently been converted into a lighthouse. Duncormuck or Croscorinuck Castle, on the inlet of Bannow, owes its erection to the English settlers under de Montmorency. There are the remains, more or less perfect, of nearly sixty of these ancient castles or towers, most of which are situated in the baronies of Forth and Bargy : the principal, not already enumerated, are, Johnstown Caslle, near Wexford, now incorporated with the modern castellated mansion of H. R. G. Morgan, Esq. ; Rathma<knee, in the same neighbourhood, which was inhabited by the Knox family within the last SO years ; Bargtj, which gave name to the barony, also incorporated with some comparatively modern additions ; Butlerstown, Lingstoicn, Ballycogley, and Cloest, in the barony of Forth ; and Ballyhealy, Balb/ttigiie, Baldwinstown, Coothnlt, and Dane's Castle, in that of Bargy. Not far from Duncormuck Castle is Strongbow's Fort, on the head of Bagenbon, where are yet visible the remains of strong intrenchments, attributed to that leader, though it is more probable that they were thrown up by the party under Fitz-Stephen, who landed there two years before, as Strongbow's debarkation took place in the county of Waterford. Duncannon Fvrt, on the eastern bank of Waterford harbour, is modern in comparison with those hitherto noticed.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 397

34. Byrnes and O'Tooles territories in Wicklow

    Wicklow · town · Wicklow

    The Byrnes occupied the northern and eastern parts of Wicklow, with their western mountain territory called Ranelagh or Kilconnell. The O'Tooles held the south-western country called Imale, comprising the mountain regions surrounding the great glen of Imale.

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    According tl) I'tokmy, the inhabitants of this part of the island, and also of the present county of Kildare, were the Cauci, supposed to have been of Belgic-Gaulish extraction. But Wicklow is chiefly celebrated as the country of the Byrnes and the O'Tooi.KS, the former of whom occupied the northern and eastern parts, and the latter the south-western. The country of the Byrnes on the western side of the mountains was called the Ranelagh or Kilconnell, and, in Queen Elizabeth's time, Pheagh Mac Hugh's country, from the name of the chief of the Byrnes. Another sept of the Byrnes inhabited the eastern side, bordering on the sea ; while the country of the O'Tooles was called Imale, and comprised the mountain regions surrounding the great glen of Imale. The O'CuUans possessed a tract along the northern confines, but they are scarcely mentioned after the Anglo-Norman invasion ; the Danes, also, appear to have had some settlements on the coast. After the arrival of the English, the maritime portions of the county most easy of access were partitioned among the adventurers, and the Byrnes were compelled to retire to the mountains, as also were the O'Tooles who had previously occupied part of the county of Kildare. On the division into counties by King John, this extensive region was included in Dublin ; but the septs of the mountains did not acknowledge the English jurisdiction until many centuries after. Secured from successful pursuit by their mountain fastnesses, they waged an incursive warfare against the surrounding English settlements, and more particularly against the citizens of Dublin, of whom, on one occasion, they slaughtered three hundred at CuUen's-wood, where the latter had assembled for recreation at Easier. Besides several fortresses built for private protection, royal castles to keep the natives in check were erected at Newcastle, and at Castle-Kevin, near Annamoe ; but with little effect. Piers Gaveston, in the reign of Edward II., drove back the septs with considerable slaughter into their mountain fastnesses, after which, however, they became so powerful that they were accustomed to make formal treaties with the English authorities. They were overawed by the first military expedition of Richard II., and agreed, with the rest of the native tribes, to evacuate Leinster ; but in 1393, after this monarch's return to England with his army, the fulfilment of the agreement was refused. Upon this Roger Mortimer, Earl of March, the king's lieutenant, attended by the Earl of Ormonde, marched against the septs of Byrne, and dro\e them from their lands in Wicklow ; but at the very moment of their triumph, while feasts were held, and knights created in honour of this success, they were disturbed by the intelligence of a victory gained by the neighbouring sept of O'Toole, who slaughtered a considerable number of the king's forces. The Byrnes, retiring into Ossory, there maintained the war with obstinacy : and Mortimer, pursuing them with more courage than circumspection, was surprised, defeated, and slain.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 404

35. Cackagay cider production around Adare

    Adare · townland · Limerick

    The area around Adare in County Limerick is celebrated for its orchards and the manufacture of Cackagay cider. The district is highlighted as one of the most famous for this cider production.

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    In some parts the land is much divided, and wretchedly exhausted by the impoverishing system of subletting. The crop of the greatest importance to the peasant is the potato, the cultivation of which is chiefly by the spade : the potato is generally followed by wheat, then oats, or potatoes again, and thus in succession until the ground is wholly exhausted, when it is left to recruit its powers by the unassisted efforts of Dature. This system of subdivision, however, though too common, is by no means universal. It exists to a great extent in the neighbourhood of Kildeemo, where scarcely half a dozen persons in the district keep a horse, and even more so around Tankards-town, near Kilmallock ; the con-acre system is also on the increase in the neighbourhood of Galbally and other parts of the county. Still there are many good and extensive practical farmers, and many landlords who discountenance altogether the system of parcelling out and subletting ; and the tillage-farms, in many instances, are managed under the most approved systems : some few are drained and well fenced, but these are rare. Irrigation is little if at all practised in the county ; indeed, the soil is so productive by nature, that most farmers deem any outlay for its improvement a superfluous expenditure i some even of the more intelligent assert that sowing grass-seeds, in laying down land, completely destroys it for the next seven years. Flax grows here to an extraordinary height ; but notwithstanding the efforts of the Limerick Chamber of Commerce and the Agricultural Society, the farmer is not yet convinced that it will prove a remunerating crop. This and the contiguous county of Clare are famous for their orchards, which produce the much-esteemed Cackagay cider ; the most celebrated districts for its manufacture are those round Pallaskenry, Adare, Croom, Rathkeale, and Kilpeacon. The greatest variety of apple is to be seen around the farmhouses of the Palatines.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 74

36. Cahermoyle seat of W. S. O'Brien

    Cahermoyle · townland · Limerick

    Cahermoyle is the residence of W. S. O'Brien, Esq. The woods around it and Glenville are extensive and luxuriant, notable for their situation in a fertile valley otherwise destitute of timber.

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    a substratum of limestone, and produces excellent crops under a judicious system of cultivation ; the meadows and pastures are extremely rich ; great numbers of sheep are fed on them annually, and the mountain districts aflford pasturage for numerous herds of cattle. There are not more than 300 acres of waste land, and much of the rougher kind is daily being brought into cultivation. The mountain range extends from the village of Ardagh to the confines of the county west of Athea, where it joins the county of Kerry, a distance of more than 10 miles ; the general formation is silicious grit and indurated clay or clunch, resting on a limestone base. Throughout the entire range are five several strata of coal, varying from 12 to 40 inches in thickness; but the two upper strata, not more than 16 inches thick, have only yet been worked, and that in a very inefficient manner : all the strata dip very rapidly. Nodules of ironstone are found in the rivulets, and also imbedded in the clunch; limestone is abundant, and no district in Ireland seems better adapted than this for the establishment of iron-works. Flag-stones of very large size are quarried in the mountains, and numerous escars are found almost exclusively of limestone. The principal seats are, Glenville, the residence of a branch of the Massey family ; and Cahermoyle, of W. S. O'Brien, Esq. : the woods around these seats are extensive and luxuriant, and are interesting from their situation in a fertile valley destitute of all timber but what is on the demesnes ; the plantations of Glenville are very extensive, reaching to the summit of the mountain. Athea, or Temple-Athea, is the only village in the parish ; it is very small, but picturesquely situated, and is a station of the constabulary police.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 252

37. Cahir-conrigh, conical mountain in Corkaguiney

    Caherconree · enclosure · Kerry

    Among the mountains extending westward into the peninsular barony of Corkaguiney, one of remarkable conical shape is called Cahir-conrigh. Considerable tracts of these mountains have been improved and brought into tillage.

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    along Tomies mountain, Glena, Tore, Mangerton, Crohane, and the Paps ,- the last are particularly remarkable for the regularity of their convex or conical form, and the range of which they form a part is connected with the hiUs of Glenflesk, overhanging O'Donoghoe's Country. North and east of Tralee ai-e the ranges called Stack's mountains and the Glanruddery mountains. Between the harbours of Castlemaine and Tralee is a range of high mountains, called Slieve Mish, attaining an elevation of upwards of 2200 feet ; and hence mountains extend westward into the peninsular barony of Corkaguiney under various names, among which, one of remarkable conical shape is called Cahir-conrigh. Considerable tracts of these mountains have been improved, and brought into tillage. This barony, indeed, is esteemed the granary of the county ; the northern side, called Litteragh, is richly cultivated, and rendered very productive by the facility of obtaining sea-manure. Brandon hill here rises to a great height, and its top or sides are often enveloped in clouds. From the base of the mountains various brooks run into both bays. From the southern coast of the barony a long peninsula of sand-hills, called Inch Island, extends into the bay of Castlemaine.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 8

38. Cahir flax land allocation by Countess of Glengall

    Caher · town · Tipperary · 1822

    During the 1822 famine relief efforts, the Countess of Glengall allotted 50 acres of land at Cahir for the growth of flax as part of societies formed by ladies of rank to superintend linen manufacture establishments. Despite these efforts, the linen trade became nearly extinct in the county.

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    werc made in large quantities until the dose of the last century ; and blankets and flannels, much prized for their warmth and durability, are still manufactured in various places. Flax and linen had been manufactured on a small scale, chiefly for domestic consumption, for many years, and a few grants towards the erection of scutching-mills were made by the Linen Board from 1817 to 18'23. In \b'l2, the London Society for the relief of the western counties in Ireland, during the famine occasioned by the failure of the crops, besides supplying nearly £6000 to purchase food for the poor of this county, remitted £'2500 for the employment of the peasantry in the linen manufacture ; in addition to which grant, other sums were contributed by various charitable societies and by the Linen Board. Societies were consequently formed in seventeen of the most important places by ladies of rank and respectability (among whom was the Countess of Glengall, who allotted 50 acres of land at Cahir for the growth of flax), to form and superintend establishments for carrying on the manufacture. But notwithstanding these exertions, the linen trade, after languishing a few years, may be said to be nearly extinct in the county. Flour is now the staple manufacture ; there being 61 large mills for grinding it on the several rivers throughout the county ; and this branch of industry is deemed to be of such importance that some of the wealthiest individuals in the country have embarked their property in it. The commerce of the county consists in the extensive exportation of its agricultural produce, the chief mart being Clonmel, from which the export trade is so great that the farmer is here always certain of a favourable market. The market of Thurles is the second in importance, and the others for agricultural produce are those of Carrickon-Suir, Cahir, Tipperary, Cashel, Tem])lemore, Roscrea, and Nenagh. Carrick-on-Suir, like Clonmel, exports by Waterford to the English markets ; Nenagh sends to Limerick by the Shannon navigation, and to Dublin by the Grand Canal ; Roscrea, to Dublin, by the Grand Canal ; while Templemore, Thurles, CasheJ, Tipperary, and Cahir generally forward their products by land carriage to Clonmel or Waterford. The rich southern and eastern plains contribute, perhaps, one-half to the vast exports from Waterford, of flour, oatmeal, barley, horned-cattle, sheep, and pigs.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 341

39. Cahirmore, seat of Lord Midleton

    Cahermore · townland · Cork

    Cahirmore is listed as the principal seat and property of Lord Midleton in the parish of Midleton, set among pleasingly diversified and highly picturesque surrounding scenery.

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    The parish comprises 4617 statute acres: the soil, though in some parts light, is fertile, and the system of agriculture greatly improved ; there is neither waste land nor bog. The substratum is generally limestone, which is quarried for agricultural and building purposes. The surrounding scenery is pleasingly diversified, and in many points highly picturesque : the principal seats are, Cahirmore, the property of Lord Midleton; Bally-Edmond ; Broomfield House; Killeagh Farm ; Charleston ; Ballinacurra Lodge ; and Lake View. The living is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of Cloyne, and in the patronage of the Bishop ; the tithe rent-charge is £673. 7- 6. The glebehouse, a large residence, is pleasantly situated ; and the glebe comprises 14| acres of good land : the house was built in 1791, by the then incumbent, at an expense of upwards of £2000, of which the Board of First Fruits gave £100. The church, erected in 1825 at an expense of £3000, a loan from the late Board of First Fruits, is a handsome structure in the later English style, with an embattled tower enriched with pinnacles and surmounted by a light and elegant spire, the whole erected after a design by, and under the immediate superintendence of, Messrs. Pain. It was recently repaired by aid of a grant of £202 from the Ecclesiastical Commissioners. In the churchyard is a mausoleum of grey marble, in the Grecian style, having in front a pediment resting on two lofty pillars, between which is a tablet of white marble, inscribed to Charles Brodrick, D.D., Archbishop of Cashel, and formerly rector of the parish, fourth son of George, Viscount Midleton ; and to his wife, the Hon. Lady Brodrick, second daughter of R. Woodward, D.D., Bishop of Cloyne ; by their seven surviving children. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish is the head of a district, comprising also the parishes of Ballyspillane, Inchynebacky, Mogeeshy, and Ballyouteragh ; the principal chapel, near the eastern extremity of the town, is a spacious edifice, and there is also a chapel at Ballinf oretis. A convent for nuns of the order

    MILL

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 153

40. Caim greenstone beds and Urrin bridge

    Caim · townland · Wexford

    At Caim, near the eastern foot of the granitic chain, the clay-slate appeared to contain several beds of greenstone. The bridge over the Urrin stream at Caim was mostly built of this greenstone rock.

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    The approach to a granite soil is indicated even at Broadway village, a little north of the lake of Lady's Island, where blocks of that rock and of mica-slate begin to appear. The granitic base breaks forth again in Carrigburn and Camorus hills, to the north-west of Forth ; and blocks of granite are strewed over a part of the county extending towards Bannow on the south. At Caim, near the eastern foot of the granitic chain, the clay-slate appears to contain several beds of greenstone; and the bridge over the L^rrin stream is mostly built of it. Traces of the same rock occur near Enniscorthy, on both sides of the Slaney : the clay-slate and quartzrock in the vicinity of this town are sometimes much intermingled. Vinegar hill and the craggy rocks stretching towards Solsborough are principally composed of the latter; so also is Carrigrna-more, to the north-east. But the principal ranges of elevated land, such as Slieve-buy, Bree hill, Slieve Kelter, &c., are clay-slate ;

    4 P

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 395

41. Cairnamnhanaghan, the monk's cairn

    Mullaghbrack · townland · Armagh

    On the estate of Lord Charlemont is a cairn called Cairnamnhanaghan, or 'the monk's cairn,' with a similar cairn about five miles distant.

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    The LIVING is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of Armagh, constituting the corps of the prebend of Mullaghbrack in the cathedral of Armagh, and in the patronage of the Lord Primate. The tithe rent-charge is .-£503. 8. The glebe-house, a handsome residence beautifully situated, was erected in 1829, by the Rev. S. Blacker, LL.D., the incumbent, at an expense of £4651 ; the glebe, which consists of five townlands, comprises 1146 statute acres, valued at £1416 per annum. The church, a neat edifice near the castle, was rebuilt in 1830, at an expense of £178", of which £1035 were defrayed by the incumbent, £200 by the Earl of Gosford, £100 by the Primate, £32 by subscription, and £400 by parochial assessment. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish is partly in the union of Ballymore, and partly in that of Kilcluney : the chapel situated about half a mile, from the church belongs to the Ballymore union ; that for the Kilcluney district is at Clady. There are places of worship for Presbyterians in connexion with the General Assembly, and Wesleyan Methodists. The Cabra school, with a residence for a master and mistress, was built, and endowed with £30 per annum, by the late A. M'Creight, Esq. ; the incumbent has endowed the parochial school with £20 per annum ; and the Gosford school was built and is supported by Lady Gosford. On the estate of Lord Charlemont is a cairn, called Cairnamnhanaghan, or " the monk's cairn, " for which see Armagh : there is a similar cairn about five miles distant. Parts of the walls of the bawn built by H. Acheson, Esq., are still remaining; and in Gosford demesne are five Danish forts.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 186

42. Cairn and Holy Well on Holywell Hill

    Holywell Hill · hill or hills · Derry

    On the summit of Holywell Hill are the remains of a cairn about 40 feet in diameter with a central pit 3 feet square and 5 deep, its bottom formed by mountain rock. A small pool of rain-water in the pit, called the Holy Well, is supposed to possess healing virtues.

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    In Ballinagard demesne, on the western bank of the Foyle, is a rath measuring 73 yards by 60 ; it is surrounded by a fosse and parapet, and is now covered with trees. In Ballymagrorty is a small cromlech, the table-stone of which is 4 feet by 3 ; and on the summit of Holywell Hill are the remains of a cairn, about 40 feet in diameter, in the centre of which is a pit 3 feet square and 5 deep ; the rock of the mountain forms the bottom of this pit, and it is called the Holy well, from a small pool of rain-water being found in it, which is supposed to possess healing virtues. There are also two cairns of modern construction : one is called " Jenny's Cairn," being the spot where a young woman was murdered under very atrocious circumstances ; the other, in the bed of a rivulet, is called the " Priest's Burn," from a tradition that a priest was killed on the spot. The old church of Killea, in the townland of the same name, was one of the five chapels of ease to the mother church ; its foundations still remain, in a cemetery surrounded by an old stone wall. The church of Culmore, though a ruin, is of no great antiquity, having 4 C2

    TEMP

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 324

43. Cairn-an-Truagh: burial place of Danish princesses

    near Knocklayd · mountain or mountain range · Antrim

    On the summit of Knocklaide is a tumulus called Cairn-an-Truagh, traditionally said to be the burial place of three Danish princesses. This monument represents a folk tradition linking the site to Viking-era burials.

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    On the summit of Knocklaide is a tumulus called Cairn-an-Truagh, said traditionally to be the burialplace of three Danish princesses. There are several raths in the parish, some terminating in a pointed apex, and others flat on the top like a truncated cone ; of the latter sort, one, within a quarter of a mile of the town, is called Dun-a-Mallaglit, the " cursed fort." The castle of Doonaiiintiey stands on a bold headland, 300 feet above the level of the sea, commanding the channel and the isle of Rathlin : two miles westward are the noble and romantic ruins of Kinbcme, or Kenbann, Castle, built on a projecting cliff of Umestone rock running out several hundred feet into the sea, under some headlands which rise 280 feet above the ruins. In the townland of Ballycastle are the remains of the edifice which gave name to the place ; an uninteresting gable is all that exists : about two miles hence, on the Glenslush water, are the ruins of a very extraordinary castle, called Gobati'Saur, once the residence of the powerful chieftain O'Cahan. Immediately adjoining the quay of Ballycastle are the interesting ruins of the abbey of Boiuimargy, founded by Mac Donnell, in 1509, and which was perhaps the latest erected in Ireland for Franciscan monks ; the chapel is in tolerable preservation, being the burial-place of the Antrim family. According to Archdall, St. Patrick founded a religious house here, called Rath-Moane, in which he placed St. Ereclasius. Vast quantities of beautiful pebbles are found along the shore, among which are chalcedony, opal, dentrites, and belemnites. On the lands of Drumans, on the side of the great mountain of Knocklaide, is a spring, the waters of which are strongly chalybeate and may be conveyed to distant places without any diminution of their effect.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 243

44. Cairn on summit of Slieve Gullion

    Slieve Gullion · townland · Armagh

    A large cairn on the summit of Slieve Gullion was found on recent examination to be a sepulchral monument of the ancient Irish, supposed to contain the remains of Cualgne, son of Breogan, a Milesian chieftain who fell in battle on the plain below. The mountain and surrounding district are thought to derive their name from him.

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    Not far from Drumbanagher Castle are the remains of a very extensive camp, which was the principal rendezvous of the Earl of Tyrone's army in the reign of Elizabeth ; and near it is Tuscan's Pass, a most important station in early times, connecting the country of the O'Hanlons with that of the Maginnises. On the summit of Slieve Gullion is a large cairn, which on recent examination was found to be one of the sepulchral monuments of the ancient Irish, and is supposed to have contained the remains of Cualgne, son of Breogan, a Milesian chieftain, who fell in battle on the plain beneath, and from whom the mountain and the surrounding district most probably derived their name. Near the cairn, and also on the summit of Slieve Gullion, is a pool called the Loch, about 60 yards in diameter, which, together with the cairn, forms the subject of a poem ascribed to Ossian, in which " Fionn- Mac-Cumhall," or Fingal, and his heroes, make a conspicuous figure ; the poem is called Luoi-iia-Sealga, or " the Chace," and is among the translations of Irish poems bv Miss Brooke.

    KILLEVOLANE.— See Kilvolane.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 39

45. Cairns and defensive remains on Knocknarea mountain

    near Knocknarea · mountain or mountain range · Sligo

    Many cairns and the remains of what appear to have been places of defence are visible on Knocknarea mountain in County Sligo, indicating significant prehistoric activity on the summit.

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    to a number of grottos hollowed out of the west side of the hill or rock of Corron, and to which access is obtained only by a steep and very difficult entrance : their origin or use has not been satisfactorily ascertained. About a mile from Castleconnor several vaulted square rooms have been discovered, built of large stones, and communicating with each other by an exterior circular passage ; in the centre is a cavity unconnected with any of the other chambers : the place is conjectured to have been either a granary or a cemetery of the Ostmen. On Innismurray Island are some small chapels of great antiquity, in one of which is a rudely sculptured statue of wood, said to represent St. Molasse, the patron ; these relics are more particularly described in the account of the island, which see. A circular stone fort, called Knockaraoyle Skreen, stands on the summit of a high hill near Skreen church. Many cairns, and remains of what seem to have been places of defence, are visible on Knocknaree mountain. The vestiges of monastic institutions are very numerous : the ruins of those of Ballysadere, Ballindown, Ballinley, Ballymote, Bennada, Clonymeaghan, Court, Innismore, Innismurray, and Sligo, are still remaining, and some of them are large and very handsome ; those of Bile, Drumcliffe, DrumcoUum, Drumratt, Killaraght, Kilmacoen, Kilnemanagh, and Skreen, have been converted into parish churches. Those of Achonry, Agharois, Akeras, Ardnary, Ardseinlis, Athmoy, Caille, Caillevinde, Cashel, Craobhgrellain, Druimederdalogh, Druimlias, Druimna, Echenach or Enaceich, Emlyfadd, Enachaird, Gleandallain, Kilchairpre, Killuathren, Kilrasse, Knockmore, Snamluther, and Templehouse, are known only by name. In the yard which surrounds the church of Kilmaeteige, near Bennada, are the ruins of an ancient building, said to have been a college ; but no particulars of its history are known. The principal castles, all more or less in ruins, are those of Ardnaglass, Bahy, Ballyhara, Ballymote, Ballynafad, Castleconnor, Enniscrone, Lackan, Memleck, Newtown, O'Gara, Rallee, Roselee, Sligo, and Tanrago. The modern residences of the gentry, which are numerous and in many instances highly ornamental, are more particularly noticed in their respective parishes.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 291

46. Calcareous stone with chalcedony-like flints near Mantua

    Mantua · electoral division · Roscommon

    Between Mantua and Belanagare, a tough compound calcareous stone occurs containing pale, bluish, striated flints resembling chalcedony and agate, a notable geological feature of the area.

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    Of other mineral productions, it remains only to state that clay suitable for potters' use and for tobacco-pipes is found in the county : in the vicinity of Roscommon are several small potteries ; and at Knockcroghery is a manufactory for tobacco-pipes. Fire-bricks have been made at different times from the fire-clay of the coal districts ; considerable quantities were lately produced at the Arigna works. Ironstone is found not only in the northern but likewise in the western part of the county, where it was formerly smelted in small quantities ; and between Mantua and Belanagare occurs a tough compound calcareous stone, containing pale, blueish, striated flints, resembling chalcedony and agate. Except the above, scarcely any manufactures are now carried on ; that of linen, which partially flourished while supported by bounties, having become nearly extinct when they were withdrawn ; and even the domestic manufacture of coarse flannels, striped woollens, and cotton stuffs, for home consumption, is injured by the rivalry of cheap goods from England. The commerce therefore consists in the export of agricultural produce ; in the extensive sales of cattle at the surrounding marts, of which Ballinasloe is the principal ; and in the importation of the foreign supplies required by the wealthier population.

    The chief rivers connected with the county are the Shannon and the Suck. The Shannon, from Lough Allen, throughout the whole of its course along the eastern frontier of the county, has been made navigable, notwithstanding its numerous rapids. The difficulties of the first seven miles and a half are obviated by a canal from Lough Allen, near Drumshanibo, to Battle- 482

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 260

47. Calry Church erected in 1822 at Sligo

    Sligo · town · Sligo · 1822

    The church of Calry, also in the town of Sligo, was a respectable Gothic-style building with a well-proportioned spire, erected in 1822 at an expense of £3500 including a house and garden-wall for the perpetual curate. The appointment belonged to the vicar of St. John's.

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    The church of St. John's parish is an old cruciform building in excellent repair, in the later style of English architecture, with a massive square tower at the west end : the glebe-house is situated on a glebe of one acre close to the church. The church of Calry, which is also in the town, is a respectable building in the Gothic style, with a well-proportioned spire; it was erected in 182'2, at an expense of £3500, in which is included the expense of the erection of a house, offices, and garden-wall, for the perpetual curate, whose appointment belongs to the vicar of St. John's. The Roman Catholic chapel of the parish of St. John is a structure of spacious dimensions : there is also in the town a small Dominican convent with a chapel attached to it ; together with places of worship for Presbyterians in connexion with the General Assembly, Independents, and AVesleyan Methodists in connexion with the Established Church. The late William Draper, Esq., left £18 per annum to be divided among three Protestant servant girls who have served three years in a Protestant family. The county infirmary is a handsome building of hewn limestone, erected in 1819 at an expense of £3000 ; it contains six wards for 30 patients, with officers' apartments and every other requisite. The fever hospital is a wellarranged structure in an airy and healthful situation on the summit of a hill ; it contains eight wards, and has a dispensary attached to it. These three institutions are within the same inclosure ; there is also a dispensary in the parish of St. John. The union workhouse, on a site of nine acres held at a rent of £50, was completed in 1841 at a cost of £9100, and is constructed for 1200 inmates. There are still remains of the spacious monastery of Sligo, serving to convey some idea of its former magnificence : they consist chiefly of three sides of the cloisters, with a finely vaulted roof, and are separated from the quadrangle by a long series of pillars, several of which are sculptured, and of pointed arches, in the early English style of architecture. The great east window of the church is of beautiful design, and highly enriched with tracery ; the high altar, which is embellished with sculpture in relief, is almost hidden by the accumulation of disinterred bones ; the nave is

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 295

48. Camden Fort at entrance to Cork harbour

    Crosshaven · town · Cork

    Camden Fort occupies the eastern point of land at the entrance to Cork harbour, in Templebredy parish. At the time of publication it was garrisoned by only a master-gunner and five men.

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    From the elevated grounds near the church are extensive and magnificent views of the town of Cove and the villages of Monkstown, Whitegate, &c., with the delightful scenery along the shores of the river Lee. On the eastern point of land, at the entrance to Cork harbour, is Camden Fort, at present under the care of a mastergunner and five men only. The gentlemen's seats are, Hoddersfield, a handsome house beautifully situated in a demesne of 647 acres, embellished with extensive plantations rising above the Awenbuoy, whence the drive to the house is a mile and a half long through a picturesque glen ; Aghamarta Castle, on an estate of about 800 acres, extending along the south bank of the Awenbuoy,and extensivelyplanted; Cross-Haven-House, a spacious structure on the margin of the harbour, and in the midst of a fine old wood; Myrtle Ville; and Myrtle Ville Cottage, occupied in the summer as a bathing-lodge.

    The living is a rectory and perpetual cure, in the diocese of Cork. The rectory has been united time immemorially to the rectories of Cullen and Templemartin, constituting the union and corps of the deanery of St. Finbarr's, Cork, in the patronage of the Crown ; the jierpetual cure is in the gift of the Dean. The tithe rent-charge of the parish is £150, of which £120. 5. 6. are payable to the dean, and the remainder (being the tithe of the demesne of Hoddersfield) to the perpetual curate, who has also 12 acres of glebe and the glebehouse, with an augmentation of £23. 3. 6. from Primate Boulter's fund. The glebe-house was built in 1815, by

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 319

49. Camolin church built 1772, enlarged 1820

    Camolin · town · Wexford · 1772–1820

    The church in the town of Camolin is a small plain structure with a low square tower, built in 1772 and enlarged in 1820 by a loan of £600 from the Board of First Fruits.

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    is a glebe of 20 acres ; also a glebe of 7 acres in Rossmanogue : the gross tithe of the benefice amounts to £484. 12. The church, a small plain structure with a low square tower, is situated in the town of Camolin j it was built in 1772, and enlarged in 1820 by a loan of £600 from the Board of First Fruits. The ruins of an old church at Balliuclare still exist. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish is the head of the district called Camolin, belonging to the Roman Catholic bishop of Ferns, and comprising also the parishes of Leskinfere (or Clough), Ballycannew, Rossmanogue, and the greater part of Kilnehue ; the chapels are at Camolin, Craneford, Monaseed, and Balloughter.

    TOMDEELY.— See Dromdeley.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 344

50. Camolin Park, Kilcomb parish, Wexford

    Kilcomb · parish · Wexford

    Camolin Park is noted as a seat within the parish of Kilcomb, county Wexford.

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    KILCOMB, a parish, in the union of Gorey, barony of Scarawalsh, county of Wexford, and province of Leinster, 45 miles (S. \V. byS.) from Gorey; containing 1 170 inhabitants. It comprises 5441 statute acres, chiefly in tillage. Here is Camolin Park. The parish is in the diocese of Ferns, and the rectory forms part of the union and prebend of Tomb in the cathedral of Ferns: the tithe rent-charge is £) 53. 14. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish is in the district of Ferns, and has a chapel at Ballyduif.

    KILCOMENTY, or Ballinahinch, a parish, in the union of Nenagh, barony of Owney and Arra, county of Tipperary, and province of Munster, 2 miles (N. by E.) from Newport, and on the mail-coach road from Nenagh to Limerick ; containing 289'2 inhabitants. This parish, which is bounded on the west by the Shannon, comprises 6943 statute acres ; about 400 are waste and bog, and the remainder profitable arable and pasture land in a good state of cultivation. The soil is fertile, and the system of agriculture improved ; limestone is quarried extensively for agricultural purposes and for building, and marl and sand are also used for manure. The scenery is strikingly bold and varied, comprising a chain of mountains to the south-east of the parish, among which the lofty Keeper is conspicuous, rising 2265 feet above the sea : the principal seats are Bird Hill, Cragg, and Parteen. Communication is afforded by the canal to Dublin, and numerous rivulets issuing from the mountains intersect the parish. A constabulary police force is stationed here. The parish is in the diocese of Cashel, and is a rectory and vicarage, forming part of the union of Kilnerath, or St. John's, Newport : the tithe rent-charge is £242. 6. In the Roman Catholic divisions also Kilcomenty is included in the union or district of Kilnerath, or Ballinahinch ; the chapel is at Bird Hill, at which place a national school has been also established. At Cragg are the ruins of an ancient church and castle ; and there are some Danish raths in the parish, used as places of inter-

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 16

51. Canal extending Blackwater navigation to Lismore

    Lismore · town · Waterford

    The navigation of the Blackwater was extended from the tidal limit about a mile east up to Lismore bridge by a canal constructed at the expense of the late Duke of Devonshire, enabling trade with Youghal in corn, flour, timber, iron and coal.

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    The TOWN, which has been greatly improved by the late and present duke, is romantically situated on the summit of a steep eminence rising to the height of 93 feet from the southern bank of the river Blackwater, over which is a fine bridge of stone, erected by the late duke of Devonshire at an expense of £9000, and of which the central arch has a span of 100 feet. Some new streets have been made : the total number of houses, in 1841, was 352, several of which are neat and well built; the place has a cheerful and thriving appearance. The castle, restored by the late duke in 1812, forms an imposing object, rising majestically from the elevated bank of the river, and occupying the verge of a precipitous cliff, partly clothed with wood and towering above the foliage which conceals its base. The approach is through an outer gateway, called the Riding House, from which a long avenue of stately trees, flanked with high stone walls, leads to the principal entrance through a lofty gateway-tower, over which are the arms of the first earl of Cork, into the square of the castle. Several of the towers are still in their original state, though other portions of the building have been restored and embellished in a more modern style. The state apartments are spacious, and very elegantly fitted up ; the drawing-rooms are hung with splendid tapestry, and paintings by the first masters. From the summits of the tower, and the flat roofs of the building, are magnificent views of the surrounding country : in front is the lofty mountain of Knockmeledown, rising above the range of hills extending eastward, and from which a deep ravine thickly wooded, and alternated with projecting masses of rugged rock appearing through the foliage, descends to the vale immediately below it ; the vale is embellished with handsome residences and rich plantations ; and near its apparent extremity is seen the town of Cappoquin, with the spire of its church, and its bridge of light structure over the river. In the grounds are some remarkably fine yew-trees of great age, forming an avenue, and assuming the appearance of cloisters. The trade is very inconsiderable ; but on the river, immediately below the castle, is an extensive salmon-fishery, and during the season great Cjuantities of fish are taken, which are packed in ice, and exported to Liverpool and to other distant ports. The Blackwater affords facility of commerce with the port of Youghal ; the navigation was extended from the point to which the tide reaches, about a mile to the east, up to the bridge, by a canal constructed at the expense of the late duke, by means of which corn and flour are exported, and timber, iron, coal, and miscellaneous articles are imported, in lighters plying between this place and Youghal. In the excise arrangements Lismore is within the district of Water-

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 85

52. Canal from Cappoquin to Lismore by Duke of Devonshire

    Cappoquin · town · Waterford

    A canal was formed by the late Duke of Devonshire from Cappoquin to Lismore, a distance of three miles, connecting with the navigable Blackwater river. This was a significant inland navigation improvement.

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    The principal rivers are the Suir, the Blackwater, and the Bride. The Suir forms a great part of the northern, and its estuary the whole of the eastern, boundary of the county ; it is navigable to the city of Waterford for vessels of the greatest draught, and to Carrick for those drawing 1 1 feet. The Blackwater, formerly called the Awendubh and Avonmore, " the Black river" and " the Great river," enters the county at its western extremity, and falls into Youghal bay ; the Rride from the west is a tributary to it : vessels of 100 tons' burthen can proceed to the confluence of these rivers. The Blackwater is navigable for barges of 70 tons to Cappoquin, from which a canal was formed by the late Duke of Devonshire to Lismore, a distance of three miles ; the Bride, which has a very slow current, and is affected by the tide throughout the whole of its course through this county, is also navigable for small craft. The Neir is a tributary to the Suir. The principal of the smaller streams which discharge their contents into the sea are the Tay, Colligein, Mahon, Phinisk, Bricky (which falls into the head of Dungarvan bay), Clodagh, and Lickey. The chief line of inland communication is the road from Waterford to Cork, which forms a trust and is called a military road ; it is kept in excellent order by the proceeds of the tolls. Several new lines have been formed : the principal are, a road from Dungarvan to Youghal ; two through the mountains from Dungarvan to Youghal ; one from Cappoquin into the mountain region there ; one from W^aterford to Tramore, completed in 1836; one from Lismore to Mitchelstown ; one from Lismore to Clogheen ; and one from the new Youghal line to Ardmore.

    The county presents vestiges of many periods of ANTIQUITY, and of various character. At Ardmore is a very perfect and beautiful ancient round tower. There

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 375

53. Canal from Lough Neagh to Coal-Island

    near Coal Island · town · Tyrone

    Near the mouth of the Blackwater river, a canal proceeds from Lough Neagh to Coal-Island. A portion above Newmills was partially opened more than half a century prior but abandoned before completion.

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    The county is copiously watered by the numerous branches of the Foyle which, under the names of the Munterlony, the Voe, the Monrne, the Carnouii, the Owenkellow , and the Oweiireagli, rise in the mountainous central districts : the Derg joins the Mourue from a lough of its own name ; the Dennet empties itself into the Foyle near the northern boundary of the county. The Foyle, which forms part of the western boundary, is navigable to St. Johnstown, and thence by an artificial navigation between three and four miles farther up to Strabane. The Ballinderry river forms part of the northeastern boundary. The Blackunter, which forms part of the southern boundary, and discharges itself iuto Lough Neagh, is navigable to Moy and Blackwatertown : near the mouth of this river a canal proceeds from the lake to Coal-Island, and more than half a century since

    en

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 367

54. Cangort castle besieged and burned in 1641 war

    Cangort · electoral division · Offaly · 1641

    During the war of 1641, the old castle of Cangort near Shinrone was garrisoned for the king and made a vigorous defence against the parliamentarians. It was betrayed into the hands of its assailants, who burned it.

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    SHINRONE, a post-town and parish, in the union of RoscREA, barony of Clonlisk, King's county, and province of Leinster, 5 miles (W. by N.) from Roscrea, and 63| (S. W.) from Dublin ; containing '2563 inhabitants, of whom 1054 are in the town. This place was the scene of some hostilities during the war of 1641 : the old castle of Cangort, which was garrisoned for the king, made a vigorous defence against the parliamentarians, by whom it was besieged, till it was betrayed into the hands of its assailants, who burned it. The town contains '215 houses, several of which are neatly built, and in the parish are many eligible spots for the establishment of factories. The inhabitants are principally employed in agriculture ; the only trade is in flour, for which there are extensive mills at Keelogues, and two others on a smaller scale. The market is not regularly held ; there are fairs, chiefly for stock, on July 9th and Nov. '21st. A constabulary police force is stationed 511

    S II II u

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 277

55. Cangort mansion built on ancient castle site

    Cangort · electoral division · Offaly

    A handsome mansion at Cangort was erected on the site of the ancient castle. Cangort Park is a modern mansion in a demesne embellished with fine old timber.

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    The parish comprises 486Hi statute acres : the land is of good quality ; the greater portion is under tillage, and based on limestone ; the system of agriculture is much improved, and there is an abundant supply of bog. The principal seats in the parishes forming the ecclesiastical union are, Cangort, a handsome mansion erected on the site of the ancient castle ; Cangort Park, a modern mansion in a demesne embellished with some fine old timber ; Glasshouse ; Milltown ; Oakwood ; Rutland ; Corolanty ; Clareen ; Derry ; Ballingor ; Annaville; Bellfield ; and Rathcahill. The living is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of Killaloe, united by act of council in 179'2 to the rectory and vicarage of Kilmurry-Ely and the rectory of Kilcomin, and in the patronage of the Bishop. The tithe rent-charge of the parish is £145. 8. The glebe-house, towards the erection of which the late Board of First Fruits made a gift of £100, was built in 1/94; the glebe here comprises 2 If acres, exclusively of 54| acres in the other parishes of the union. The tithe of the whole benefice amounts to £33". 13. The church, a handsome building, wa.'^ erected in 1823, the late Board of First Fruits granting a loan of £2300. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish is the head of a district, comprising also the parish of Kilmurry-Ely ; in each of these is a chapel. There are two places of worship for Wesleyan Methodists. A poor's fund and a loan fund are supported by subscription ; and there are also a dispensary and a fever hospital. On the demesne of Corolanty are the ruins of an old castle. There are two chalybeate springs in the parish, not much frequented.

    SHORE ISLAND, in the parish of Kildysart, union of Kilrush, barony of Clonderlaw, county of Clare, and province of Munster ; situated in the river Shannon, and comprising 28 statute acres.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 277

56. Cannonball found in Macroom Castle walls

    Macroom · town · Cork

    During alterations to Macroom Castle, a 24-pound cannonball was extracted from the walls, suggesting the ancient castle had been subjected to artillery bombardment at some point in its history.

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    The PARISH comprises 1'2,667 statute acres. About four-fifths are under tillage, the remainder being rough mountain pasture and bog ; the system of agriculture is in a state of progressive improvement ; there is little waste land except the rocky parts of the mountains, and the bog affords an ample supply of fuel. Here are quarries of clay-slate, which is used for building. In the mountains of Muskerry-More, consisting principally of schistose rock, and forming a detached portion of the parish, are several thin strata of freestone of very white colour and good quality ; and in a rivulet on the south side is a thin seam of coal, which dips very rapidly. The scenery is richly diversified, and in many parts beautifully picturesque j and there are several gentlemen's seats in the parish. Of these, the principal is Mocroom Castle, the residence of the late Robert Hedges Eyre, Esq., who converted the ancient castle into an elegant modern mansion, in which the old towers are so perfectly incorporated as to be scarcely distinguishable from the rest of the building. During the alterations, a S'i-lb. cannonball was taken out of the walls. More recently, an additional tower and range of buildings have been erected at the rear, and many improvements have been made. The mansion is a spacious quadrangular structure with embattled parapets, and richly mantled with ivy, on the side fronting the demesne, which is bounded on the north by the river SuUane and extends over a beautifully wooded ridge to the south and west, including a spacious deer-park. The present owner is the Hon. William H. White Hedges, second son of the Earl of Bantrv, and 291^

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 123

57. Capel Moule ruins near Greencastle

    Greencastle · town · Donegal

    Near Greencastle are extensive ruins called Capel Moule, having the appearance of a military edifice and supposed to have formerly belonged to the Knights Templars.

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    1782, in the early English style, with a tower at the east front ; it stands on a rocky eminence near the shore of Lough Foyle. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish is united with Upper Moville ; there are chapels at Ballybrack and Ballynacree. Near (ireencastle are some extensive ruins, called Capel Moule, having the appearance of a military edifice, and supposed to have formerly belonged to the Knights Templars ; and on a detached rock, about a mile distant, are the ruins of Kilblaney church : previously to 1 6'20 Kilblaney formed a separate parish. Near Ennishowen Head is an extensive natural cave, often visited in the summer season.

    MOVILLE, UPPER, a parish, in the union and barony of Ennishowen, county of Donegal, and province of Ulster, 15 miles (N. N. E.) from Londonderry, on the road to Greencastle ; containing 5069 inhabitants. St. Patrick founded a monastery here, called Maghbhile and Domnachbhile, over which he placed yEngusius, the son of Olild ; it soon became celebrated for its wealth ; and notices of its abbots occur from the year 590 to 953 : among them was the celebrated St. Finian. The remains are called Cooley, meaning " the City," probably from a large number of persons having settled around this famous pile, which appears, from what is left of the western and southern walls, to have been a very extensive edifice. For some time before the Reformation it was used as the parish church, and it so continued until destroyed during the civil wars of 1688. In the adjoining cemetery is a very ancient tomb, said to be that of St. Finian ; and outside the walls stands a lofty and handsome stone cross, hewn out of one block, and in good preservation. The ruins occupy a gentle eminence near the shores of Lough Foyle, commanding a full view of the Atlantic.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 176

58. Captain Leigh's cavalry march through forests of Oregan

    Birr or Parsonstown · town · Offaly · 1558–1603

    In the reign of Elizabeth, Captain Leigh led English cavalry from Birr to Athy through the woods and forests of Oregan and received the queen's thanks for his valour. The route traversed what was then dense forest cover in Queen's County, which has since been entirely cleared of its old woods.

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    A great part of the county, particularly the mountainous districts to the north-west, was once covered with timber ; in proof of which it may be stated that in the neighbourhood of Lough Annagh, oak, fir, and yew trees are found in numbers lying a few feet below the surface, some of the roots adhering to the trunks and others remaining in their original position, the trunks having been burnt off and the charred cinder adhering in all its freshness to both trunk and root : large trunks and roots of trees are also perceptible in the lake, with their timber sound and remarkably tough. In the reign of Elizabeth, Captain Leigh received the thanks of that queen for having valiantly led the English cavalry from Birr to Athy, through the woods and forests of Oregan. The country has since been entirely cleared of its old woods ; but new plantations have sprung up in most parts. The farmhouses, like the farms, are generally small ; many have neat gardens and orchards, which, with the hedgerow-trees, give them the appearance of much rural comfort. Draining and irrigation are but little attended to.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 236

59. Carew castle at Killeagh, annuity charged 1364

    Killeagh · town · Cork · 1364

    A castle said to have been built by the Carews formerly existed at Killeagh. In 1364 it was charged with an annuity to William Skiddy, mayor of Cork.

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    The LIVING is a rectory entire, within the diocese of Cloyne, and in the patronage of the Crown : the tithe rent-charge is £"30. 18. The church is a plain building with a square tower, at the extremity of the town ; for the erection of which, a loan of £375 was granted by the Board of First Fruits in 1811. There is a spacious glebehouse, for the erection of which the Board, in 1809, gave £100 and lent £1000 ; the remainder of the cost of £1940 being supplied by the rector : the glebe comprises 16 acres. In the Roman Catholic divisions this parish is the head of a district, comprising also the parishes of Dangandonovan and Ardagh, and part of Clonpriest ; and containing two chapels, one at Killeagh, and the other at Inch, in Ardagh. There are two public schools, in which about 80 children are taught, and for one of which Sir A. de Capell Brooke erected a handsome school-house ; also a Sunday school, and a dispensary. A castle, said to have been built by the Carews, formerly existed here, and was charged, in 1364, with an annuity to William Skiddy, mayor of Cork. Within the parish is a rock of red-clay formation, rising like a pyramid, and nearly covered with moss and plants ; and some extraordinary caverns were explored in 1826 by Sir A. de Capell Brooke.

    KILLEAGH, county of Meath. — See Killagh.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 38

60. Carlingford Bay and its celebrated oyster fishery

    near Carlingford Lough · estuary · Louth

    Carlingford Bay is long and narrow, extending nearly nine miles inland to Narrow Water, the entrance to Newry harbour, bordered by lofty eminences on both sides. An oyster fishery in the bay produces oysters highly esteemed for their superior flavour and sent in large quantities to Dublin and other coastal towns.

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    of high cultivation, and interspersed with thriving plantations : to the north the surface rises into the lofty group of the Ravensdale, Cooley, and Carlingford mountains. The coast, from the mouth of the Uuyne, which is the southern extremity of the county, presents a broad level strand, stretching northward for several miles to the boldly projecting promontory of Clogher Head, at the foot of which is the village of the same name, with a natural harbour that affords shelter to a few fishingyawls. Thence to Dunniiij Head is a sandy bay, in which are a few reefs, covered at high water but at ebb tide having a dry strand for half a mile beyond the»n. Dunany is the southern extremity of Dundalk Bay, which sweeps round into the land in a semicircular form, having the harbour and town of Dundalk in its most inland point, and terminating northwards at Cooley j)oint. The southern and western shores of this fine bay, the mouth of which extends seven miles from point to point, and which measures the same distance in depth to the entrance to Dundalk harbour, are of the same character as those already noticed, broad, shallow, and skirted with a line of low land rising gradually into slight elevations, clothed with verdure and trees. The northern side of the bay is of a character totally different. Here the mountains rise boldly from the water's edge, covered in tluir lower parts with wood, but above denuded and heathy. This mountainous tract forms a peninsula that separates the bay of Dundalk from that of Carlingfurd, which forms the northern boundary of the county. The character of Carlingford bay is different from that of Dundalk bay : it is long and narrow, extending nearly nine miles inland to Narrow water, which is the entrance to Newry harbour, with an average breadth of li mile, and bordered on both sides by lofty eminences ; on the south by the mountain group already described, on tlie north by the mountains of Morne, in Down, which latter are among the highest in Ireland. Both these bays are considered as unsafe for shipping ; that of Dundalk, from its shoals ; that of Carlingford, from the sudden and violent flaws of wind that sweep along it from the surrounding cliffs. Fish of many kinds are caught in great numbers off the shores of the county ; the most common species are turbot, cod, haddock, plaice, ling, and herrings. There is an oyster-fishery in Carlingford bay, the oysters of which are in the highest estimation for their superior flavour, and are sent in large quantities to Dublin and other towns situated along the coast. The soil in flat parts is suitable to every kind of agricultural produce, being a rich vegetable mould, based on marl, limestone, or clay-slate : northwards it gradually deteriorates, until, on approaching the summits of the mountains, the only vegetable productions are heath and the coarsest grasses. The best land is about Ardee and Louth ; there are also extensive tracts of rich soil at Tallonstown, Dundalk, and Castle-Bellingham.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 114