A topographical dictionary of Ireland : comprising the several counties; cities; boroughs; corporate, market and post towns; parishes; and villages, with historical and statistical descriptions embellished with engravings of the arms of the cities, bishopricks, corporate towns, and boroughs ; and of the seals of the several municipal corporations .. (vol. 2)

Each story keeps the passage it was read from. Open one to read it as the scan has it, and, where the companion has written its own telling, that too. The passages are read off photographs of the page by machine, so a word here and there comes out wrong; they are kept as the reading produced them, so you can check any of them against the scan.

1. Carlingford Bay described as trade artery for Newry

   near Carlingford Lough · estuary · Louth

   Carlingford Bay is described as an arm of the sea extending nine miles south-east, measuring two miles in breadth at its mouth between Cooley Point in Louth and Cranfield Point in Down. Newry's port was favourably situated near its inner extremity for trade.

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   The port is very favourably situated for trade near the inner extremity of Carlingford bay, an arm of the sea extending nine miles south-east, and measuring two miles in breadth at its mouth between Cooley Point, in the county of Louth, and Cranfield Point, in that of Down. Vessels of the greatest draught can come up to Warren Point, within five miles of the town ; where they can ride in from 6 to 8 fathoms of water, in all states of the tide, in perfect security. Proceedings were lately completed, in pursuance of a plan recommended by Sir John Rennie, for deepening and securing the channel from Narrow Water, and scouring it by a steam-dredge and other means calculated to facilitate the admission of vessels of a larger class than those which previously came up to the quays : the total expense of these improvements has been estimated at £90,000. Other works of great importance are in progress : the Newry Navigation Company are forming an extension canal from Fathom, two miles seaward, to Narrow Water, and they propose widening the lock and deepening the old canal, so as to admit steamers of 700 tons and sailingvessels of large burthen up to the town. The despatch of business is facilitated by a line of quays on the eastern bank of the canal, bordered by stores and warehouses, at which vessels can unload : farther north are basins or floating-docks, where boats navigating the canal can take in and discharge their cargoes. The custom-house, a neat and commodious building, is on the quay, in a position well adapted for business ; and has extensive yards and stores for bonding goods adjoining it.

   Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 209

2. Carmelite convent at Fir House

   near Tallaght · town · Dublin · 1819

   At Fir House was a convent of discalced Carmelites, consisting of a superior and thirteen professed and lay sisters, founded about eighteen years before the publication. A small chapel was attached to the convent.

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   ture, with pinnacles at the angles and along the sides ; the ancient belfry tower, which is of considerable height, is still preserved as part of the edifice. The Ecclesiastical Commissioners lately granted £107 towards repairs. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish forms part of the district of Rathfarnham, and has a chapel at Bohernabreena. At Fir House is a convent of discalced Carmelites, consisting of a superior and 13 professed and lay sisters, founded about 18 years since, with a small chapel attached. At Mount Anne is a small monastery of the order of Carmelites. In 1789, Robert Murphy, Esq., bequeathed to the minister and churchwardens £10 Irish currency for the poor, and £10 Irish per annum towards founding a Sunday school.

   In the garden of Tallaght House are the remains of the original castle, consisting of a large square tower with a lofty gateway. On a rising ground that commands a pass in the road leading from Crumlin and Drymnagh Castle to Fir House is the castle of Timon, or Timothan, which anciently was the chief place in the lordship or manor of Tymothan, granted by King John to Henry de Loundres, Archbishop of Dublin, in recompense for his losses in repairing the castle of Dublin and for other public services : in 1247 the manor was erected into a prebend in St. Patrick's cathedral, which still exists, but without any endowment. The building, which was in a ruinous condition in the reign of Henry VIII., now consists of a square tower or keep with a few small windows in a very dilapidated state. At Aughfarrell are the remains of an old castle, and at Templeogue and beyond Friarstown are ruins of churches; near the latter of which is a well, dedicated to St. Anne. At the Greenhills are a rath and a fort, apparently erected at an early period to curb the predatory incursions of the Wicklow septs : on the grounds of Fortville Lodge is a Danish rath, surrounded with a fosse.

   Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 309

3. Carmelite convent founded New Ross 1817

   New Ross · town · Wexford · 1817

   A convent of Carmelite nuns was founded in New Ross in 1817 on the summit of the hill overlooking the town, as a branch of the convent at Ranelagh, Dublin. The convent also has a neat chapel attached.

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   the diocese of Ferns, united by act of council, in I768, with the rectories of St. Mary's Old Ross, Carnagh, Tulleraght, Ballyane, and Clonleigh, and the impropriate cures of Kilscanlan and Ballybrazill, the whole forming the union of New Ross, in the patronage of the Bishop ; the rectory is impropriate in the corporation of Kilkenny. The tithe rent-charge of the parish is £247. 13., two-thirds payable to the corporation, and one-third to the vicar : the whole tithe of the benefice of the incumbent is £864. 13. In the town are a few scattered plots of building-ground, called glebes, none of which, however, are of sufficient size for the site of a glebe-house and offices. The church, dedicated to St. Mary, is a light and commodious edifice, rebuilt on part of the site of the former edifice, in 1813, at a cost of £6000, partly a loan from the late Board of First Fruits, and the remainder raised by subscription : it stands in a very conspicuous situation on the side of the bill ; the tower, on which a spire was intended to be built, is rather low. The building contains an organ, presented by the late corporation ; and in the chancel are three handsome mural monuments, to the memory of the father of the late Charles Tottenham, Esq., and two of his family. A neat free church, or chapel of ease, has been erected by subscription at the southern end of the town, on a site presented by Charles Tottenham, Esq., of Ballycurry. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish is co-extensive with St. Mary's parish, including the town and its suburbs on the eastern side of the river : the chapel, in South-street, is a spacious and elegant structure with large pointed windows and faced with granite. A chapel belonging to a community of Augustinian friars, consisting of four members, stands on the hill, near the site of an ancient friary of the same order : and on the summit of the hill, overlooking the town, is a convent of Carmelite nuns, a branch of that at Ranelagh, Dublin, which was founded here in 1817, and has also a neat chapel. The Wesleyan Methodists, the Primitive Methodists, and the Society of Friends have each a place of worship ; and a society denominating themselves simply Christian Brethren have a neat place of worship erected by subscription, in Priory-lane.

   Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 264

4. Carmelite friary chapel in Kinsale

   Kinsale · town · Cork · 1837

   A small chapel belonging to the Carmelite friary exists in Kinsale, and a larger handsome Carmelite chapel was under construction northwest of the town at a cost exceeding £2000.

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   The late municipal borough comprised the whole of the parish of Kinsale or St. Multose, and a small portion of the parish of Rincurran. The former contains only 379 statute acres, principally in demesnes ; the scenery is highly interesting, and strikingly diversified. The chief seats are Garretstown, Ballymartle, Ballintober, Rathmore, KnockdufTc, Snugmore, Heathfield, Fort Arthur, Knockrobbin, and Pallastown. The living is a vicarage, in the diocese of Cork, and in the patronage of the Bishop ; the rectory is impropriate in T. C. Kearney, Esq., and the tithe rent-charge is £24. 17., half payable to the impropriator, and half to the vicar, whose income is augmented by an assessment for minister's money, at present amounting to £87. The glebe-house, which is near the church, was built in 1811, by a gift of £400 and a loan of £360 from the Board of First Fruits. The glebe is situated on the western side of the town, and comprises 3 acres. The church, dedicated to St. Multosia, by whom it is said to have been erected in the 14th century as the conventual church of a monastery she had founded, is a spacious and venerable cruciform structure, for the repair and enlargement of which the Ecclesiastical Commissioners lately granted £1361. It contains two handsome monuments of Italian marble ; one of them to various members of the Southwell family, settled here in the reign of Charles I. ; the other, which is beautifully executed, to the memory of Catharine, relict of Sir John Perceval, Bart., and of the same family : there is also a monument of white marble to Captain T. Lawrence and his lady, erected in 1724, with their armorial bearings. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish is the head of a union comprising also the parishes of Rincurran, Dunderrow, and Teighsasson or Taxax. The principal chapel is a spacious edifice, erected in 1834 by subscription, and has an altar-piece embellished with paintings of the principal events in the life of Christ. There is a small chapel belonging to the Carmelite friary, and a handsome Carmelite chapel of greater size is now in course of erection; the cost of this building, which stands north-west of the town, will exceed £2000 : there is also a chapel at Ballinamona. The parish contains places of worship for Wesleyan and Primitive Methodists. Of the various schools, the grammar school has an endowment partly by the corporation, and partly by the family of De Clifford, of Kings-Weston, in the county of Gloucester, producing a salary of £50 for the master, who has also a large house, play-ground, and garden, given by the Southwell family. A fever hospital and a dispensary have been established. An institution called the Gift House, in which eight widows of decayed Protestant tradesmen receive a weekly allowance of two shillings, is supported by the Southwell family ; and there is an ancient parochial almshouse, containing 16 rooms for superannuated poor, each of whom receives a portion of the weekly contributions at the church. The union 2 C3

   Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 59

5. Carmelite friary founded at Kinsale, 1334

   Kinsale · town · Cork · 1334

   An abbey of Carmelite friars was founded at Kinsale and dedicated to the Blessed Virgin Mary by Robert Fitz-Richard Balrain in 1334. No remains of the friary survive.

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   There were formerly an abbey of Canons Regular, of which Colgan says St. Gobban, disciple of St. Ailbe, was abbot in the 7th century ; and an abbey of Carmelite friars, founded, and dedicated to the Blessed Virgin Mary, by Robert Fitz-Richard Balrain, in 1334 ; but there are no remains of either. On the promontory on the opposite side of the river, are extensive remains of the old fortress of Castle-ni-Park ; it was of hexagonal form, with bastions at the angles : the towers, intrenchments, and fosse are nearly entire. Of the town walls, which were destroyed in 1690, three of the gates were remaining till near the close of the last century ; Nicholas-gate was removed in 1794, Friars-gate in 1796, and Cork-gate in 1S05 : a small portion of the last may still be seen, on the north side of Cork-street ; and in Newman-place may be traced the only portion of the walls now remaining. Near the village of Scilly, and near Charles Fort, are valuable chalybeate springs, formerly much resorted to, and still generally regarded as an excellent tonic. This town gives the very ancient title of Baron Kingsale to the family of De Courcy, originally created in 1181. His lordship is premier baron of Ireland ; he has the privilege (granted by King John to De Courcy, Earl of Ulster,) of wearing his hat in the royal presence, which was asserted by the late John, Baron Kingsale, at Dublin Castle, before his late Majesty George IV., on his visit to Ireland in August, 18'21. He has also the privilege of having a cover laid for him at the royal table at coronations, and on all other state occasions.

   Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 59

6. Carmelite friary rebuilt on ancient site, Kildare

   Kildare · town · Kildare

   A Carmelite friary, a neat building recently erected on the site of the ancient house of that order, stands near the ruins of the monastery of St. Bridget in Kildare, with a chapel attached.

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   The parish comprises 921 5| statute acres. It is a rectory, appropriate to the dean and chapter : the tithe rent-charge is £242. 6. In the Roman Catholic divisions it is the head of a district, called Kildare and Rathangan, comprising the parishes of Kildare, Rathangan, Carne, Dunmurry, Pollardstown, Thomastown, TuUy, Lackagh, and Knavenstown : there is a chapel in the town, and also one at Rathangan. Near the town chapel is a convent of nuns of the order of the Presentation, the sisters of which devote their time to the gratuitous instruction of poor girls; and not far from the ruins of the monastery of St. Bridget is a Carmelite friary, a neat building recently erected on the site of the ancient house of that order, and attached to which is a chapel. The county infirmary is situated in the town. About thirty yards from the church is an ancient round tower, 132 feet high, which within the last century has been crowned with graduated battlements ; and part of the ancient castle is still remaining. t)n the Curragh, according to Giraldus Cambrensis, was

   formerly a circle of large stones, of which no traces remain ; but there are numerous earthworks, most of which appear to have been sepulchral. On this plain, Richard Marshal, Earl of Pembroke and Earl Palatine of Leinster, who had been invited by De Burgo, De Lacy, and other lords to negotiate a truce, was betrayed by Geoffrey de Marisco, his attendant, into the power of his enemies, and put to death, in 1234. David O'Buge, who, in the early part of the 14th century, was eminently distinguished as a philosopher, rhetorician, and divine, was a native of the town; he was provincial of the Carmelites in Ireland, and was interred in the monastery of that order at this place, of which he had been a friar. Kildare gives the inferior titles of Earl and Marquess to the Duke of Leinster.

   Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 21

7. Carmelite monastery at Loughrea founded by Richard de Burgh

   Loughrea · town · Galway · 1300–1829

   A Carmelite monastery was originally founded in 1300 by Richard de Burgh, Earl of Ulster. Despite the alienation of its revenues at the Dissolution, it preserved a regular succession of members, and new chapel and dwelling-house were erected in 1785 and rebuilt in 1816 and 1829.

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   waste land. Building-stone is found, and extensively quarried. The living is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of Clonfert ; the rectory is partly appropriate to the deanery, and partly to the vicarage, which latter is episcopally united to the vicarages of Kilteskill, Kilrickill, and Kilnadeema, and in the patronage of the Marquess of Clanricarde. The tithe rent-charge of the parish is £115. 19., of which £1*. 6. are payable to the dean, and the remainder to the incumbent. There is no glebe-house ; the glebes of the union comprise 2"^ statute acres, let on lease for £20. 9. per annum ; and the entire value of the vicarial benefice, including glebe and tithe, amounted, before the passing of the Rentcliarge act, to £517. 16. The church, a neat structure, was built in 1821 by a loan of £1846. 3. from the late Board of First Fruits : the spire was struck by lightning, and thrown down on the roof, on the first Sunday in Dec. 1832, about two hours before the time of divine service ; the church has been repaired by a grant of £169 from the Ecclesiastical Commissioners. The Roman Catholic parish is co-extensive with that of the Established Church, and is one of the parishes belonging to the bishop ; the chapel is a spacious edifice, and there are chapels also attached to the Carmelite monastery, and to the convent of sisters of the same order. The Carmelite monastery, originally founded in 1300 by Richard de Burgh, Earl of Ulster, has, notwithstanding the alienation of its revenues at the Dissolution, still preserved a regular succession of members. In consequence of the dilapidated state of the buildings, a new chapel, and a dwelling-house adjoining it, were erected in 1785; the former was rebuilt on a more extensive scale in 1816, and the latter in 1829, under the superintendence of the prior, the Rev. Mr. Gannon, at an expense of £4000 (including both), defrayed partly from the funds of the establishment and partly by subscription, to which the Clanricarde family, on whose estate the monastery is situated, liberally contributed. A convent for nuns of the same order was founded about the year 16S0, and removed to its present site in 1829, when the building, including a chapel, was erected under the direction of the prior of the abbey, at a cost of £5000, entirely defrayed from the funds of the nunnery ; there are at present IS sisters in the convent, chiefly young ladies. Nearly 1000 children are taught in three public schools, of which the parochial school is supported by the rector. The national schools are chiefly under the direction of the prior and Roman Catholic clergy of the monastery, and the sisters of the nunnery ; the school-houses were built at the joint expense of the prior, the nuns, and the National Board of Education. The workhouse of the union, on a site of 6i acres held at a rent of £12. 13. per annum, was completed in 1841, at a cost of £6960, and is constructed to contain 800 paupers.

   Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 114

8. Carmelite monastery founded at Leighlin-Bridge

   Leighlinbridge · town · Carlow · 1272–1378

   Toward the close of the reign of Henry III, a Carmelite monastery was founded near the Black Cattle castle on the eastern bank of the Barrow by a member of the Carew family, dedicated to the Blessed Virgin. It suffered attacks from the native Irish and received royal grants for repair in 1371 and 1378.

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   LEIGHLIN-BRIDGE, a market and post town, partly in the parish of Augha, barony of Idrone-East, but chiefly in that of Wells, barony of Idrone-West, union and county of Carlow, and province of Lein- STER, 6 miles (S.) from Carlow, and 45 (S. S. W.) from Dublin, on the coach-road to Cork; containing 1748 inhabitants. This place derives its name from a bridge over the river Barrow, which connects the two parts of the town on the opposite banks with each other and is in a line with the road leading to Old Leighlin, in contradistinction to which place, previously to the erection of the bridge, this town was generally called New Leighlin. The lands were granted by Hugh de Lacy to John de Clahul, or de Claville, who in 1181 erected a strong castle or fortress, called the Black Cattle, which was one of the earliest defences of the English in Ireland. Towards the close of the reign of Henry III., a Carmelite monastery was founded near the castle, on the eastern bank of the Barrow, by a member of the Carew family, and dedicated to the Blessed Virgin. The bridge, of nine arches, was built in 1320 by Maurice Jakis, a canon of the cathedral of Kildare, to facilitate the intercourse between the religious houses of Old and New Leighlin. As the English settlement here became more insecure, the monastery was much exposed to the hostile attacks of the native Irish; and in 1371, Ed^'ard III. granted ten marks annually for the repair and rebuilding of the house, which grant was renewed six years afterwards. In 1378, Richard II., in consideration of the expense and labour of supporting the house and the bridge against the king's enemies, bestowed on the prior an annual pension of 20 marks out of the rents of the town of Newcastle of Lyons ; he confirmed the gift in 1394, and it was also ratified by Henry IV. and Henry V., the latter monarch ordering that all arrears then due should be paid. In 1408, Gerald, fifth earl of Kildare, built another fortress here, which he called White Castle ; and after the Dissolution the monastery was also converted into a fort, and occupied as a military station by Sir Edward Bellingham, Marshal of the English army and Lord-Deputy of Ireland. This fort was taken in 1577 by Rory Oge O'More, dynast of Leix, who destroyed the town by fire ; and in 1649 it surrendered to the parliamentarians under Col. Hewson, soon after which the main army under Ireton, on their march to Carlow, laid waste the neighbouring country.

   Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 67

9. Carmelite monastery founded at Thurles, 1300

   Thurles · town · Tipperary · 1300

   A monastery for Carmelites or White Friars was founded at Thurles in 1300 by a member of the Butler family. At the Dissolution it was granted, with all its dependencies, to Thomas, Earl of Ormonde.

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   TIIURLES, a market and post town, a parish, and the head of a union, in the barony of Eliogakty, county of TippERARY, and province of Munstkr, 24|- miles (N.) from Clonmel, and ~'i (S. W.) from Dublin, on the road from Cashel to Templemore ; containing 10,'284 inhabitants, of whom "523 are in the town. This place, originally called Durlas-O'Fogarty, is of great antiquity, and in the 10th century was the scene of a memorable battle between the Danes and the native Irish, in which the former suffered a signal defeat. Soon after the English invasion, the Ostmen of Dublin, on their march to reinforce Strongbow, who was then encamped at Cashel, halted at this place in careless security, when O'Brien of Thomond suddenly attacked and defeated them, with the loss of 400 of their men and their four principal commanders. O'Brien soon afterwards encountered the English borderers, who were extending their power in this direction ; and, meeting with them at this place, compelled them to retreat. A castle appears to have been erected here at an early period, and in 1'208 was besieged by Hugh de Lacy and taken from Geoffrey Mac Morris, by whom it was then occupied. In 1300 a monastery for Carmelites or 'White friars was founded by one of the Butler family, which at the Dissolution was granted, with all its dependencies, to Thomas, Earl of Ormonde. A preceptory of Knights Templars is said to have been also founded here, of which probably the castle before mentioned may have been a part; but no authentic record exists of such an establishment. The principal castle was erected by James Butler, the first Lord Palatine of Tipperary, one of whose descendants was, in 1535, created Viscount Thurles : this castle, during the parliamentary war, was garrisoned for the king, but was afterwards taken by the parliamentarian forces, by whom it was demolished.

   Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 332

10. Carmelite priory at Whitechurch, Kildare

    Whitechurch · townland · Kildare

    A priory of Carmelites formerly stood in the parish of Whitechurch, County Kildare, three miles north of Naas on the road to Celbridge. No further details of the priory are given.

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    WHITECHURCH, a parish, in the union of Naas, barony of North Naas, county of Kildare, and province of Leinster, 3 miles (X.) from Naas, ou the road to Celbridge ; containing 3'20 inhabitants, and comprising 3l65|- statute acres. It is a vicarage, in the diocese of Kildare, forming part of the union of Kill ; the rectory is entirely impropriate in the Earl of Mayo, and the tithe rent-charge is £78. 15., of which £33. 15. are payable to the impropriator and the remainder to the vicar. A priory of Carmelites stood here.

    WHITECHURCH, or Castlane, a parish, in the union of Carrick-on-Suir, barony of Iverk, county of Kilkenny, and province of Leinster, 2 miles (N. E.) from Carrick-on-Suir, on the road to Kilkenny ; containing 837 inhabitants. This parish is situated on the river Lingan, near its junction with the Suir, and comprises 2186f acres, all arable and pasture land ; there is abundance of limestone, and the system of agriculture has much improved. The seats are, Castletown, a fine mansion, situated in a well-wooded demesne, and built by Archbishop Cox ; Ballycaushlawne Lodge ; and Anneborough. The living is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of Ossory, the one in the patronage of the Crown, the other in that of the Bishop ; the tithe rentcharge is £165. The church is a neat building with a spire, erected by Archbishop Cox, and for which, in 1766, the Board of First Fruits gave £"200, and in 1820 £300. The glebe-house was built in 1812 by aid of £400 and a loan of £316 from the same Board ; the glebe comprises 16 acres. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish forms part of the district of Templeorum. There is a dispensary.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 402

11. Carne stony tillage grounds under barley and beans

    Carn · parish · Wexford

    In Carne, tillage grounds are so overspread with large stones that the superficial observer would think the plough could hardly be used. Yet the land has been kept from time immemorial under alternate crops of barley and beans, affording abundant returns.

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    The parishes along the sea-coast, particularly in the baronies of Forth and Bargy, are divided into small farms of from five to twenty acres, the competition for which produces high rents, and on which is exhibited that wonderful exertion of industry which seldom fails to shew itself in Ireland where the inhabitants are secured in the enjoyment of the fruits of their labour. The CROPS consist of wheat, oats, barley, and beans ; also tares, rape, and turnips. Barley is the principal corn- crop throughout the county, and, though uncertain, generally repays the cultivator by a luxuriant produce. Beans are sown on the lea after it has been manured with marl ; the kind sown is the small horsebean, and the produce is generally exported to the W'est Indies : in seasons of scarcity, this crop has been found of great utility in diminishing the severity of famine. The potato, however, is the staple crop here, as in the other counties, and all the manure is used for its culture; the seed is planted with the plough in small ridges, three rows in the ridge, and covered with the spade. The general succession of crops is, potatoes, barley, and oats ; but, in the barony of Forth, beans are introduced. The sowing of clover, which has been for some time increasing, is now very general ; but the English green crops for winter feeding are still chiefly confined to the lands of the resident gentry or experimental agriculturists. In some parts, particularly in the peninsula of Hook (already mentioned), the natural grasses are very luxuriant : in the interior, on the cold clay soils, they are thin and of little value ; the farmers mainly depend upon artificial grasses. Dairies are numerous, but they are not managed with the attention to neatness requisite for ensuring the best kind of butter ; nor is sufficient pains taken in the selection of a suitable stock of cows : nevertheless, there is a large export of that article. In Forth and Bargy, the farmers manure with marl found in abundance in the interior of those baronies ; also with calcareous sand, procured in the vicinity of Duncannon fort : floating sea-weed is much used in some parts. By these kinds of manure the land is maintained permanently in a state of great fertility. In Carne, where the tillage grounds are so overspread with large stones that the superficial observer would think the plough could hardly be used at all, the land has been kept, from time immemorial, under alternate crops of barley and beans, affording abundant returns. In the eastern district, where also marl is abundant, use is made of it : in this tract, too, particularly on both sides of the Slaney, pebble-limestone is burned, and applied to the purpose of manure. In the western baronies, lime, brought with much toil and expense from the neighbouring counties, is the chief manure employed. The cottiers on the side of Mount Leinster travel with a horse a journey of two days in going and returning, to bring home a load of limestone, forty loads of which are required for manuring an acre. The farmers on the parts adjacent to the Barrov; and Suir procure from the beds of these rivers, at low water, a rich sediment of the nature of marl, but which is so heavy that it cannot be carried to a distance without much expense. Under all their various natural disadvantages, the lands of this county, by incessant industry and superior skill, are generally kept in an

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 394

12. Carnlough bathing lodges

    near Carnlough · village · Antrim

    Several elegant bathing-lodges at Carnlough in the parish of Tickmacrevan attracted summer visitors from inland parts. The village also had a Roman Catholic chapel about two miles north-west of Glenarm.

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    Antrim, and province of Ulster ; containing, with the post-town of Glenarm and the village of Straidkelly (each separately described), 4443 inhabitants. It comprises an area of 20,506| statute acres ; and is situated on the Glenarm water, which rises in Blemish mountain and discharges itself into the sea at the town, where it is of considerable size. A very large portion of the parish is mountain, bog, and waste ; but the remainder is in a high state of cultivation under the most improved system of agriculture, and produces wheat, beans, and barley, in great abundance and of excellent quality. Limestone of many varieties is found here : some kinds contain echenites, belemnites, and other similar fossils ; and large masses of ponderous iron-ore, and decomposed basalt used in making Roman cement, are found imbedded among the limestone rocks. One species is remarkable for its quality of setting instantly when immersed in water. Great quantities of limestone are exported from Glenarm, the quay of which is much resorted to by Scotch vessels in this trade, which bring coal and general merchandise in exchange. Close to the town is a coal-mine, which has not been worked to advantage ; there are also indications of that mineral in other parts of the parish. Glenarm Castle, the residence of the M"^Donnell family, in this parish, is described in the account of the town. There are several elegant bathing-lodges at Carnlough, which have tended much to induce visiters from the inland parts to resort hither during the summer months.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 332

13. Carnmore mountain views and glens

    Carnmore · townland · Fermanagh

    Carnmore mountain rises 1034 feet above the sea and abounds with wild and romantic scenery. From its summit 32 lakes including Lough Erne can be seen, and its deep glens are inhabited by a peasantry of singular habits and great originality of character.

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    ROSSLEA, or Royslea, a village, in that part of the parish of Clones which is in the barony of Clon- KELLY, union of Clo.nes, county of Fermanagh, and province of Ulster, 4 miles (N. N. E.) from Clones, and on the road from Lisnaskea to Monaghan ; containing 414 inhabitants. The place is romantically situated near the celebrated mountain of Carnmore, in a fine meadow district, several townlands of which are rich pasture land, especially those of Lisnabrack and Salloo, where vast numbers of o.xen are annually fed for the English market. The village consists of one irregularly built street, containing 79 houses, and is connected with the new line of road on the mountain from Enniskillen to Belfast by a bridge over the river Fin. In the vicinity is Lake View, a beautiful villa, overlooking the lake of Island Hill and commanding a fine view of several other small lakes in the neighbourhood ; it is surrounded with grounds tastefully laid out and richly embellished. There is a flax- mill. Fairs are held on the 8th of every month ; a constabulary police force is stationed here, and petty- sessions and manorial courts are held in the court-house, a neat building in the centre of the village. The Roman Catholic chapel of Rosslea is a very handsome edifice of stone, with a tower and campanile turret : the interior is highly embellished ; the windows are enriched with stained glass, and over the altar-piece is a fine painting. Carnmore mountain is of lofty elevation, rising 1034 feet above the sea, and abounds with wild and romantic scenery : from its summit are seen .'?'2 lakes, including Lough Erne ; and its deep glens are inhabited by a numerous class of peasantry, of singular habits, and great originality of character.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 265

14. Carnsore Point granite formation

    near Carnsore Point · promontory · Wexford

    Towards Carnsore Point the land gradually rose into a low swell of ground composed apparently of granite, with great blocks of that rock and scattered masses of mica-slate occupying its entire surface. The approach to a granite soil was indicated even at Broadway village, north of the lake of Lady's Island.

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    The county, in its geological relations, forms part of the day-slate tract which stretches, on the eastern side of the granitic range, from the northern part of the county of Wicklow to the Atlantic. The strata in the southern portions are in some places considerably inflected, but in the northern parts of the county they maintain a tolerably uniform north-eastern and southwestern direction, with a dip to the south-east ; and the clay-slate is here found immediately in contact with granite, which is the chief component of the Blackstairs and Mount Leinster ranges. The Forth mountain consists almost entirely of quartz rock, with a tendency to the slaty structure from interposed lamince of clay-slate. The strata range 2:>° north of east and south of west, and dip 4.5° towards the north-west ; they are occasionally traversed by fissures and by veins of quartz, and in these veins appear in some places indications of lead, copper, and iron. The lower grounds and eminences in the vicinity of Forth are composed of alternations of quartz-rock and clay-slate ; the former rock, which is sometimes iron-shot and of a deep reddish hue, ranges to the north of Wexford town, being its foundation, and in its southern progress constituting the White Rocks near Kerlogue. Clay-slate is visible on the southeastern side of Forth, and to the north-west is distinctly seen at Carrigg bridge, and in several other parts around the inner haven of Wexford ; it is traversed by contemporaneous veins of quartz, and probably contains several beds of greenstone, blocks and fragments of this rock being observable on the strand near Saunders Court, and smaller pieces in the fields above and towards the entrance of Edenvale. The general components of the extreme south-eastern quarter of the county are also quartz-rock and clay-slate interstratified, disposed in the manner above described, and containing occasionally beds of greenstone. Towards Carnsore Point the land gradually rises, forming a low swell of ground, composed apparently of granite, as great blocks of that rock, with some few scattered masses of miraslate, occupy its entire surface.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 395

15. Carntogher mountain noted for mountain limestone

    Carntogher · mountain or mountain range · Derry

    Mountain limestone, micaceous and granular in character, occurs to a remarkable extent on the north-west side of Carntogher mountain, among several notable geological sites in the county.

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    Geologically, the county is- composed of two great districts, divided into two nearly equal portions by the course of the Roe. The western is the extensive mountain tract reaching from that river to Strabane, in which mica-slate predominates in such proportions as to compose nine-tenths of the whole ; it is accompanied by primitive limestone in the lower districts, especially in those bordering on the vale of the Roc. On the eastern bank of the river this system of mountains is succeeded by a range of secondary heights, reposing on and concealing the mica-slate, which dips under them eastward. On these is piled a vast area of basalt, forming the basis of almost the entire country between the Roe and the Bann. These basaltic strata dip with the fall of the hills towards the north-cast, to meet the opposite dip of the strata on the other side of the Bann. forming the other half of this extensive basaltic tract. The covering of basalt appears to acquire its greatest thickness on the north, where, as in the cap of Benyevenagh, it is more than 900 feet thick. Between the basalt and the subjacent mica-slate, are found, in close succession, many of the most important formations which occupy a great part of the southern and eastern counties of England. Next to the basalt (descending westward towards Lough Foyle and the vale of the Roe, and to the rich lands in the vale of Moyola and its vicinity) is found chalk, in beds of an aggregate thickness of about 200 feet, analogous to the lower beds of the English chalk formation, and therefore approaching in character to white limestone, being used and commonly designated as such. Even in its fossils and organic remains, this chalk is perfectly identified with that of England. Next is seen mulatto, precisely analogous to the green sandstone formations of England : the mulatto rests immediately on a lias limestone, blue and argillaceous, disposed in small beds alternating with slate-clay, and distinguished by ammonites, gryphites, and other fossil remains. The lias, in turn, reposes, as in England, on beds of red and variegated marl, containing gj-psum, and even distinguished by numerous salt springs ; and this marl is underlaid by a thick deposit of red and variegated sandstone, containing clay galls, and incumbent on the mica- slate formation. Sometimes, however, the mulatto and lias are entirely wanting ; and the chalk may be seen immediately resting on the sandstone, both of which are constant and continuous. The deep valleys separating the detached eminences of the basalt region, afford abundant evidence of their formation in excavations of part of the solid strata by some vast convulsions or operations of nature. North-east of the source of the Roe is a small detached district of micaslate, nearly surrounded by the basaltic ridges of Benbradagh and Cragnashoack, and forming the entire mass of the mountain of Coolcoscrahan. The mountain limestone, which is micaceous and granular, occurs to the most remarkable extent on the north-west side of Carntogher mountain, in Bennady glen, near the old church at Dungiven, at Banagher, near Claudy, near Newtown-Limavady, and on Slieve-Gallion mountain, where it contains crystallised hornblende in abundance. Hornblende slate occurs in Bennady glen, Aglish glen, and the bed of the Roe river near Dungiven, where it is contiguous to the primitive limestone. Porphyry is the

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 95

16. Carntogher mountain on Killelagh boundary

    Carntogher · mountain or mountain range · Derry

    Carntogher mountain rises 1521 feet above sea level on the eastern boundary of the parish of Killelagh in County Londonderry. The mountain district inhabitants are principally native Irish.

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    KILLELAGH, or Killela, a parish, in the union of Magherafelt, barony of Loughinsholin, county of Londonderry, and province of Ulster, 2 miles (N.) from Maghera; containing 3258 inhabitants. This parish comprises, according to the Ordnance survey, 10,270 statute acres, of which more than half is good mountain pasture and the remainder under tillage : the substratum is basalt, and the soil generally thin and cold, but the lands have been lately improved by a judicious use of lime ; there is a sufficient tract of turbary for fuel, but no waste land. On the eastern boundary IS Carntogher mountain, rising 1521 feet above the level of the sea. In the mountain district the inhabitants are principally native Irish, and in the plains, of Scottish extraction. Five townlands are in the manor of Maghera, and belong to the see of Derry ; three, in the manor of Kilrea, belong to the Mercers' Company ; and four, in the manor of Bellaghy, to the Viutners' 104

    K I L— L E

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 38

17. Carrickanass Castle built by the Bourke family

    Carrickanass · townland · Mayo

    About a mile west of Castlereagh stands Carrickanass Castle, measuring 35 feet square and 45 feet high, built by the Bourke family. It is surrounded by a low strong bawn. There are also several forts in the parish.

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    Barrett. The remains consist of the church, and some extensive portions of the conventual buildings : the church is a cruciform structure, 135 feet in length, and from the centre rises a lofty tower, supported on f<jur noble arches leading from the nave into the choir and transepts. At Castlereagh, on the banks of the river Rathfran, about two miles from the sea, are the vestiges of a castle of great strength, which has been levelled with the ground : about a mile to the west is Carrickanass Castle, 35 feet square, and 45 feet high, built by the family of Bourke, and surrounded with a low strong bawn ; and there are also several forts in the parish.

    KILLAL.\GHTON.— See Killaghton.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 33

18. Carrickaneady castle of the Burkes near Newport

    Carrickaneady · townland · Mayo

    About a mile south-east of Newport town is Carrickaneady, one of the castles said to have been built by the Burkes.

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    NEWPORT, or Newport-Mayo, a market and post town, in the parish and barony of Burrishoole, union of Westport, county of Mayo, and province of CoNNAUGHT, .5^ milcs (N. by W.) from Westport, and 139| (W. by N.) from Dublin; containing lOyi inhabitants. This town, which is situated at the extremity of Clew bay, was the original port of discharge for the county of Mayo : it is intersected by a fine river, which rises in Lough Beltra and falls into the bay ; the river Burrishoole also flows through the parish, and both abound with excellent salmon, for taking which there are weirs about half a mile above the town. The place consists of one principal street and several others, and contains about 200 houses, some of which are well built and of neat appearance. The trade, formerly very extensive, has, from the difficulty of communication with the interior, been in a great measure transferred to Westport, and at present consists principally in the export of grain, of which, on an average, 3000 tons are annually shipped to England. The pier was erected at the expense of Sir R. A. O'Donel and some of the merchants of the town; the quays are extensive and commodious, and accessible to vessels of 200 tons' burthen, which can be moored in safety alongside, can take in or deliver their cargoes at all times of the tide, and within a few hundred yards may lie at anchor in perfect security. The channel is safe, and the harbour very commodious : the entrance into the bay, which is called indifferently Clew, Newport, or Westport bay, is spacious and direct ; and within it are numerous islets and rocks, between which, on each side, are several good roadsteads, capable of accommodating large vessels, with anchorage in from two to six fathoms. The market is on Tuesday ; and fairs are held on June Sth, Aug. 1st, Nov. llth, and Dec. 20th. A chief constabulary police force is stationed in the town ; petty-sessions are held every Tuesday, and a manorial court on the first Wednesday in every month. The court-house in which the sessions are held is a small neat building. The parish church and a Roman Catholic chapel are situated in the town. In the vicinity is Newport House, the seat of Sir R. A. O'Donel. Three miles distant, on the sea-shore, is Rockfleet Castle, a small square fortress said to have been built by Grana- Uile, better known as Grace O'Malley, and celebrated for her maritime exploits ; and about a mile to the south-east of the town is Carrickaneady, one of the castles said to have been built by the Burkes.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 206

19. Carrick-an-oultagh castle and Mac Mahon family

    near Carrigaholt · townland · Clare

    At Carrigaholt stand the remains of a castle called Carrick-an-oultagh, or 'the Ulsterman's rock,' said to have been built by a native of County Down. It was once the residence of the ancient family of Mac Mahon.

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    prebend of Inniscattery ; the vicarage forms part of the union of Kilrush. The tithe rent-charge is £353. 1. 6., of which £156. 14. are payable to the impropriator, and the remainder to the incumbent, as prebendary and vicar. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish forms part of the district of Dunaha, also called Carrigaholt, comprising the parishes of Moyarta and Kilballyhone, and containing the chapels of Dunaha, Carrigaholt, and Cross : that of Carrigaholt is a modern edifice. The ruins of the church still remain ; and the burial-ground contains some tombstones inscribed with the celebrated French name Conti, some of which family are supposed to have been visiters of the Clare family, at the neighbouring castle of Carrigaholt. On a small spot containing about an acre of land, nearly insulated by the Atlantic, are the remains of Dunlicky Castle, the approach to which is guarded by a high and narrow tower with a wall on each side ; at Knocknagarron stand the remains of an old signal tower, or telegraph ; and at Carrigaholt are those of the castle called Carrick-anoultagh, or "the Ulsterman's rock," said to have been built by a native of the county of Down, and once the residence of the ancient family of Mac Mahon. — See Carrigaholt.

    MOYBOLOGUE.— See Bailieborough.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 179

20. Carrick Castle on rock pinnacle over the Slaney

    Carrick · townland · Wexford

    Carrick Castle is situated two miles north-west of Wexford town, seated on the pinnacle of a rock over the River Slaney. It is one of numerous castellated buildings in the county.

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    Two miles north-west of the town is Carrifiq Caslle, seated on the pinnacle of a rock over the Slaney : two miles from Wexford is also the castle of Barnloun ; and that of Fenis is worthy of note both in an historical and architectural point of view. One of the noblest and earliest military structures of the English settlers is Enniscorthy Ciistle. Another of these feudal structures ia at Mtickmine ; Brown's Castle, on a projecting point over the river Slaney, about two miles from Enniscorthy, is in ruins. At a short distance from Dunbrody Abbey is a curious old fortress, called Cuistan-na-Dlahie, or " Buttermilk Castle ;" and in the same neighbourhood are the rnins of Killesk, Knockagh, and Kithile Castles. Of Ballijkeroge or Sutton's Castle, so called from its founder, Roger de Sutton, considerable ruins still exist ; and in the same district are a castle at Stokestowii, another at Aldertown, a third at I'riest's Haggard, and two in the Great Island. On the summit of Moiintgarrett, a lofty hill that overlooks the town of New Ross, are the ruins of an ancient castle, from which a branch of the Butler family derives the title of Viscount. On the peninsula of Hook are the remains of Slade Castle and Houseland Castle ; and on its extreme point is the old fort Hook Tower, which has recently been converted into a lighthouse. Duncormuck or Croscorinuck Castle, on the inlet of Bannow, owes its erection to the English settlers under de Montmorency. There are the remains, more or less perfect, of nearly sixty of these ancient castles or towers, most of which are situated in the baronies of Forth and Bargy : the principal, not already enumerated, are, Johnstown Caslle, near Wexford, now incorporated with the modern castellated mansion of H. R. G. Morgan, Esq. ; Rathma<knee, in the same neighbourhood, which was inhabited by the Knox family within the last SO years ; Bargtj, which gave name to the barony, also incorporated with some comparatively modern additions ; Butlerstown, Lingstoicn, Ballycogley, and Cloest, in the barony of Forth ; and Ballyhealy, Balb/ttigiie, Baldwinstown, Coothnlt, and Dane's Castle, in that of Bargy. Not far from Duncormuck Castle is Strongbow's Fort, on the head of Bagenbon, where are yet visible the remains of strong intrenchments, attributed to that leader, though it is more probable that they were thrown up by the party under Fitz-Stephen, who landed there two years before, as Strongbow's debarkation took place in the county of Waterford. Duncannon Fvrt, on the eastern bank of Waterford harbour, is modern in comparison with those hitherto noticed.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 397

21. Carrick House, Blacker family seat built 1692

    Carrick · townland · Armagh · 1692

    Carrick is a large edifice built in 1692 for the Blacker family and much improved since. Its gardens and pleasure-grounds retain many specimens of the taste of that age, while the demesne contains numerous fine old oaks, beech, and ash.

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    courts are held, in Kernan, for the estate of the Duke of Manchester ; Carrowbrack, for that of Colonel Blacker ; and Derry, for that of Lord Lurgan : the respective seneschals hold their courts every three weeks, for the recovery of debts under 40s., and courts leet are held once in the year. The principal gentlemen's seats are, Seagoe House, the residence of the Venerable Archdeacon Saurin 3 Killicomaine ; and Carrick, of the Blacker family, a large edifice built in 169'2, but much improved since : its gardens and pleasure-grounds retain many specimens of the taste of that age. In the sheep-walk of the demesne, on the summit of a low ridge or knoll, is a curious excavation of an elliptic form, about 80 yards in circumference, sloping gradually inwards on all sides with great regularity ; in the demesne generally are numerous fine old oaks, and well-grown beech and ash.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 274

22. Carrickmacreilly ridge and picturesque rock of Cronroe

    Cronroe · townland · Wicklow

    Quartz-rock constitutes an extensive mountain range from the Avonmore above Rathdrum to the Vartrey, comprising the high naked ridge of Carrickmacreilly and the picturesque rock of Cronroe.

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    extending down the Avonniore and Ovoca, and the varieties they display are very numerous. Tlio varieties of olay-slate, which are here all cjuartzose, abound in contemporaneous veins of pure quartz more or less metalliferous : the western extremity and the brow of Croghan Kinshela mountain consist of granite, with broad veins of quartz towards the east, succeeded by alternations of granite and clay-slate, terminating in interstratiBcations of clay-slate and greenstone, beyond which is found only the clay-slate, traversed by veins of quartz, sometimes metalliferous. Beds of granular felspar in the prevailing clay-slate arc worked for building on the right bank of the Avonmore, north-west of Ratlidrum. Bordering on the Derry or Aughrim river, and likewise near the Ovoca in its course from Newbridge, are numerous beds of greenstone. Arklow rocks, on the coast, south of the mouth of the Ovoca, present illdefined columns of greenstone, with four, five, or six sides : the northern part of the hill consists in general of greenstone ; on the north-western side is a variety of the character of basalt. Quartz-rock forms a prominent naked ridge on Coollattin hill, in Shillelagh ; and constitutes also a very extensive mountain range from the banks of the Avonmore above Rathdrum to those of the Vartrey, comprising the high naked ridge of Carrickmacreilly and the picturesque rock of Cronroe. In the northern extremity of the county it forms the Great and Little Sugar-loaf, Bray Head, and a great part of the neighbouring hills.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 405

23. Carrick mansion of the Blacker family near Portadown

    Carrick · townland · Armagh

    Among the principal seats near Portadown is Carrick, the residence of the Blacker family, described as a fine old mansion embellished with stately timber. Other seats include Ballyworkan, Clowna, Eden Villa, and Fair View.

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    The district parish comprises 3836 statute acres, mostly in a profitable state of cultivation ; the demesne attached to the ancient mansion of the Obyns family, with the exception of a tract of woodland, has been parcelled out into farms. The principal seats are, Ballyworkan ; Carrick, the residence of the Blacker family, a fine old mansion, embellished with some stately timber ; Clowna ; Eden Villa ; and Fair View. The living is a perpetual curacy, in the diocese of Armagh, and in the patronage of the Rector of Drumcree, who pays the curate a stipend of £1,50. The church, a handsome edifice in the early English style, with a tower at the east end, and for the erection of which the Board of First Fruits contributed £831, and a loan of £461, was built in 18'26; and the Ecclesiastical Commissioners lately granted £1*3 for its repair. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish gives name to a district in- 424

    PORT

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 230

24. Carrickmore mountain and 'The Rock' village

    Carrickmore · townland · Tyrone

    In the parish of Termonmaguirke, Carrickmore is the highest of the local mountains, though few have any great elevation. A village called by the country people 'The Rock' is built upon it, where fairs are held on the last Friday of every month.

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    mainder in that of Oniagh : '291^ are water; and 31,S17 are applotted under the Tithe act. The land is in general of good quality, though there are some extensive tracts of mountain and bog that cannot be brought into cultivation : the system of agriculture is rapidly improving under the auspices of the rector (the Rev. C. C. Beresford) and Sir Hugh Stewart, Bart. There is good freestone, with indications of coal in several parts ; also an extensive range of quartz rock. Besides the rector, there are two resident landlords. Sir Hugh Stewart, and Alexander RFCausland, Esq., the former of whom has a lodge at Loughmacrory ; the latter, one at Drumnakilly. The principal lakes are Loughmacrory and Lough Fingrane : of the mountains, few have any great elevation ; the highest is Carrickmore, on which a village, called by the country people The Rock, is built. Fairs are held there on the last Friday of every month ; there is also a good weekly market. A portion of the parish, called The Eighteen Townlands, belongs to the Archbishoj) of Armagh, who by his seneschal holds a monthly court for his manor of Tonnen, at Nine-mile-house, for the recovery of debts under £10 ; and a court for the manor of Feena is held at Six-mile-cross, for the recovery of debts under 40s.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 329

25. Carrick-on-Shannon as assize town and county gaol

    Carrick-on-Shannon · town · Leitrim

    Carrick-on-Shannon was a disfranchised borough, market and assize town where county elections took place. The county gaol and court-house were located there, and assizes and general quarter-sessions were held in the town.

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    The county is partly in the diocese of Ardagh, but chiefly in that of Kilmore. For purposes of civil jurisdiction it is divided into the baronies of Carrigallen, Dromahaire, Leitrim, INIohill, and Rossclogher. It contains the disfranchised borough, market, and assize town of Carrick-on-Shannon ; the disfranchised borough of Jamestown ; the market and post towns of Manor- Hamilton, Ballinainore, and Mohill ; and the post-towns of Drumod, Drumsna, and Ruskey. The largest villages are Cashcarrigan, Carrigallen, Dromahaire, Drumkeerin, Drunishambo (each of which has a sub-post), Leitrim (once the county and assize town), and Kinlough. The sliirc and its towns sent six members to the Irish parliament : since the Union two only have been returned, for the county, to the Imperial parliament; the election takes place at Carrick. The number of electors registered in 1841 was 1488, of whom 162 were £50, 93 £20 and 1214 £10. freeholders; 2 £-20, and 12 £10, leaseholders. The county is in the Connaught circuit : the assizes and general quarter-sessions are held at Carrick ; quarter-sessions are held also at Manor-Hamilton and Ballinamore. The county gaol and court-house are at Carrick ; and there are court-houses and bridewells at Manor- Hamilton and Ballinamore : the number of oer- 214

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 68

26. Carrigacunna Castle and the Nagle mountains

    Carrigacunna · townland · Cork

    Carrigacunna Castle is said to have been erected by the Nagle family, who also give their name to the Nagle mountains. The castle is linked in local tradition to the nearby castle of Monanimy.

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    The living is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of Cloyne, and in the patronage of the Bishop : the tithe rent-charge is £300. The church, a small neat building with a tower and spire, is situated on the northern bank of the Blackwater: it was erected in 181 1, on the site of an ancient commandery of Knights Hospitallers that formerly existed here, by aid of a gift of £800 from the Board of First Fruits ; it was new roofed and repaired in 18'27, by the parishioners. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish forms part of the district of Kealavollen, comprising also Clenore and Wallstown, and containing the chapels of Kealavollen and Anakissy : the latter is in the parish of Clenore ; the former, a small plain building, has been rebuilt on a site given by Jas. Hennessy, Esq. There is a small cottage residence for the parish priest. A school of about 80 children was till lately maintained by a bequest of £18 per annum from the late Jos. Nagle, Esq., of Ballygriffin, for 30 years from 1814. The castle of Monanimy is by some supposed to have been built by the Knights Templars ; while by others, it and the castle of Carrigacunna are said to have been erected by the Nagles, after whom the " Nagle mountains " are named. The former has been fitted up, and is now occupied by a respectable farmer. Of the ancient commandery, nothing now remains but a few fragments of a wall near the church. The celebrated Edmund Burke passed his early childhood at Ballyduff, in this parish, the seat of his maternal grandfather, where he remained about five years ; and received the first rudiments of his education at the ruined castle of Monanimy, in which a sort of hedge school was then held. He always retained a great partiality for these places, which he often revisited in subsequent years. — See Kealavollen.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 165

27. Carrigacunna Castle ruins near Kealavollen

    Carrigacunna · townland · Cork

    Carrigacunna Castle, seat of Mr. Foott, is a handsome modern mansion adjoining the ruins of the old castle. The approach from Kealavollen passes through young plantations leading to a grove of venerable oak-trees, forming with the castle an interesting feature in the diversified scenery of the Nagle mountains area.

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    MONANIMY, a parish, in the union of Mallow, barony of Fermoy, county of Cork, and province of Monster, 5 miles (N. E.) from Mallow ; on the river Blackwater, and on the high road from Mallow to Fermoy ; containing 3135 inhabitants. The estates of Monanimy, Ballygriffin, and Carrigacunna once belonged to the ancient family of the Nagles, the head of which has for several centuries been settled in the vicinity. The two former have passed by female connexion into other families : the last was the residence of Sir Richard Nagle, successively attorney-general, lord chief justice, speaker of the Irish house of commons, and private secretary to James II., whom he accompanied into exile ; he died abroad, and the estate was forfeited. The parish, which comprises 8831 statute acres, is situated on both sides of the Blackwater, and contains part of the range called the Nagle mountains on the south side of that river, affording good pasturage ; the land on the north side, which comprises about one-third of the parish, is good and chiefly in tillage. The state of agriculture is improving. There is a large tract of bog, supplying not only the neighbourhood, but the market of Mallow, with fuel. Considerable improvements have been made by H. B. Foott, Esq., and by the inhabitants of KealavoUen : those of the former consist of flourishing plantations extending up a romantic mountain glen on the old road to Fermoy ; and those of the latter are substantial slated houses built by the occupiers. Carrigacunna Castle, the seat of Mr. Foott, is a handsome modern mansion, adjoining the ruins of the old castle, the approach to which from KealavoUen is through some young plantations leading to a grove of venerable oak-trees, forming, with the castle, an interesting feature iu the beautiful and diversified scenery.

    2 Y2

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 164

28. Carriganass Castle ruins of O'Sullivan Bere

    Carriganass · townland · Cork

    At Carriganass are the ruins of a castle built by O'Sullivan Bere and garrisoned by Daniel O'Sullivan against the forces of Elizabeth. It surrendered after the capture of Dunboy Fort to Sir George Carew, and now consists of a lofty square tower on a precipitous rock above the river Auvane.

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    is remaining, and is used by the Roman Catholics as a burial-place. Within the demesne of Xewtou-n, about half a mile to the north- west of Bantry, are the remains of a fortification raised by Ireton during the parliamentary war : it consists of a quadrilateral area, and was defended by angular bastions and surrounded by a fosse, but the walls and towers have long been demolished, and the cannon was at the same time thrown into a very deep well ; the moat still remains entire. Not far from this spot is the beautiful cascade of Donnemark ; and at another place, called Neu-town, to the south of Bantry, is a very antique stone pillar in a burial-ground, with some rude sculpture of men in armour, and other curious devices. Danish forts are numerously scattered over the parish ; and, in 1834, more than 3000 silver coins, chiefly pence, groats, and half-groats, of the reigns of the earlier Edwards and Henrys, and of Alexander, King of Scotland, were found. At Carriganass are the ruins of the castle built by O'SulIivan Bere, and garrisoned by Daniel O'SuUivan against the forces of Ehzabeth ; it surrendered, after the capture of Dunboy Fort, to Sir George Carew, and at present consists of a lofty square tower on a precipitous rock rising from the banks of the river Auvane, and some extensive outworks. On the same river, near its influx into the bay, are the ruined gables of the castle of Hindisart, the stronghold of Sir Owen O'SulIivan, which was taken by Ireton in the parliamentary war, and by his orders demolished. Near Carriganass are the extensive and ivy-clad ruins of the old church of Kilmacomogue, and not far from the town those of the old church of Bantry, from the floor of which rise some lofty poplars. There are several chalybeate springs, the most esteemed of which is near the old abbey of Bantry ; and in the vicinity of lake Capanabool is a cromlech surrounded by nine upright stones. — See Bantry and Whiddy Island.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 43

29. Carrigduff slate quarry

    Carrigduff · townland · Cork

    Slate of a rough quality was found at Carrigduff in the parish of Mourne, County Cork, and was formerly worked to some extent.

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    The parish, which is bounded on the west by the river Clydagh, in its course to the Blaekwater, comprises 11,436 statute acres; about 4000 acres are arable, about 3500 pasture, and the remainder, with the exception of about "5 acres of woodland, consists of mountain and waste, a large portion of which is reclaimable : the state of agriculture is gradually improving. Slate of a rough quality is found at Carrigduff, and was formerly worked to some extent. Fairs are held at Ballinamona on Whit-Monday, Aug. 'ilst, and Dec. 5th, for cattle and pigs. At Quartertown are two extensive flourmills, worked by the river Clydagh ; and a charter has been obtained from the crown, incorporating a company with a capital of £150,000, to erect a cotton-factory at Quartertown, to be worked by the Clydagh ; the whole of the shares, £50 each, have been taken, and the erec-

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 174

30. Carrignamuck Castle ruins at Dripsey

    Dripsey · town · Cork · 1400–1499

    The ruins of the ancient castle of Carrignamuck stand on a rock on the bank of the Dripsey river, surrounded by trees. It belonged to the M'Carthys and was built in the 15th century by the founder of Blarney Castle.

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    The living is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of Cloyne, united perpetually to the rectory and vicarage of Kilcoleraan, and in the patronage of the Bishop : the tithe rent-charge, including that of Kilcoleman, which has merged into this parish, amounts to £513. The glebe-house, towards the erection of which the late Board of First Fruits contributed £100 and a loan of £1350, in 181'2, is a handsome residence; the glebe comprises 69a. 3r. 20p. The church was enlarged in 1818, the same Board granting a loan of £200; and the Ecclesiastical Commissioners recently granted £224 for its repair. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish forms part of the district of Aghabologue ; the chapel, a neat and spacious edifice, is situated at Coachford, where is a national school. A parochial school has just been built on the glebe, and is supported by the rector. In Clonmoyle demesne are the ruins of the church of Kilcoleman, and in Dripsey demesne the ruins of the ancient castle of Carrignamuck, which belonged to the M'^Carthys and was built in the 15th century by the founder of Blarney Castle ; it is situated on a rock on the bank of the Dripsey, and is surrounded with trees, forming an interesting feature in the picturesque scenery of the parish.

    MAGOWRY, a parish, in the union of Cashel, barony of RIiddlethird, county of Tipperary, and province of Munster, 4 miles (S. E.) from Killenaule ; containing 684 inhabitants, and comprising 1932 statute acres. It is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of Cashel, forming part of the union of Killenaule : the tithe rent-charge is £"5. In the Roman Catholic divisions, also, the parish is part of the union or district of Killenaule.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 132

31. Carved head of St. Faughnan in cathedral south wall

    near Ross · parish · Cork

    In the south wall of the cathedral at Ross is an old carved head said to be that of St. Faughnan, the founder of the nearby abbey. This relic links the cathedral to the early saint associated with the parish.

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    On an island which was once joined to the main land are the ruins of Downeen Castle ; and at Ballyvoureen are the remains of an ancient house in the Elizabethan style, formerly the residence of the Coppinger family. At Temple Faughnan, about a mile and a half from the town, stand the ruins of a house erected by the Knights Templars in 1301, and modernised in 171'2. Adjoining the town are the remains of the abbey founded by St. Faughnan : the side walls of the choir of the church, rudely built of unhewn stone, are still standing; on the south side are the remains of a circular arch, and adjoining the ruin is the tomb of the Rev. J. Power, who died in 1S31. The place is much resorted to by pilgrims. In the south wall of the cathedral is an old carved head, said to be that of St. Faughnan. Banduflt Castle, built by the O'Donovans, and afterwards called Castle Salem, was an extensive building with a walled park and more than 300 acres of oak wood, all now destroyed. In the grounds of Tinned are the remains of a cromlech. The Rev. Horace Townsend, author of the Statistical Survey of the Countij of Cork, is resident at Derry, in this parish.

    ROSSDROIT, a parish, in the union of EnniscouTHY, barony of Bantry, county of Wexford, and province of Leinster, 4 miles (W. S. W.) from Enniscorthy, which is the post town, on the road to New Ross; containing 2'2,58 inhabitants. This parish and that of Templescobin, both formerly belonging to the abbeyof Timolin, were by letters-patent granted in I6l9 to Henry Perse, Esq., at a small annual rent. They 494

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 265

32. Carved round stone with Crucifixion in Kilmore churchyard

    Kilmore · townland · Meath

    A curious round stone was discovered by the incumbent Dr. Gregory and placed on a pillar in the churchyard at Kilmore, Co. Meath. One side depicts the Crucifixion while the other shows the crown of thorns and bleeding heart.

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    In the churchyard is a curious round stone, placed on a pillar by the present incumbent, by whom it wa.-' discovered ; the Crucifixion is represented on one of its

    K I L— M O

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 47

33. Cascade at Glencar 200 feet high with fine views

    Glencar · electoral division · Sligo

    Near Glencar there is a cascade 200 feet high, near which are some fine views. Chalybeate springs are also found in the mountains of the area.

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    chalybeate springs in the mountains ; and near Glencar is a cascade, 200 feet high, near which are some fine views.

    KILLASOLAN— See Castle-Blakeney. KILLASPICBROWN, or Killaspeckbrone, a parish, in the Upper half-barony of Carbery, union and county of Sligo, and province of Connaught, 4^ miles (W.) from Sligo, and on the bay of Sligo, containing, with Coney and Oyster Islands, 2265 inhabitants. The parish comprises 5624 statute acres ; the land is principally in tillage, and there is some limestone, but no bog. It comprehends the glen of Knocknarea, which is about a mile in length and beautifully planted, with several cascades in the centre, and stupendous rocks on each side ; at the western extremity is a fine view of the Ballysadere channel. At CuUinamore are some good beds of oysters. Killaspicbrown is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of Elphin, forming part of the union of St. John's, Sligo : the tithe rent-charge is £138. 16. 4. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish also forms part of the union or district of St. John's, Sligo, and has a good slated chapel at the base of Knocknarea Hill. At Primrose Grange is a school for boarding, instructing, clothina, and apprenticing 1 10 boys, endowed by the late Edward Nicholson, Esq., of Shgo, with £130 per annum, and 20 acres of mountain land. Here are the ruins of an ancient church, said to have been founded by a bishop named Brone or Brown, from whom the parish derives its name ; but they are now nearly buried by the drifting sands, which have also covered about 400 acres of good land. There are numerous raths, especially near Rathcarrick.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 37

34. Cashel: Strongbow reviews his troops

    Cashel · town · Tipperary · 1172–1173

    Earl Strongbow marched with an army to Cashel, where he reviewed his troops and assessed the enemy's strength. He then sent to Dublin for Ostmen auxiliary forces, which were later routed near Thurles.

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    The first English army that penetrated into this part of the island was led in person by Henry \\., who, in 1 172, advanced from Waterford, and on the banks of the Suir received the submissions of the surrounding chieftains of the south ; but on his return these submissions were for the most part retracted, and hostilities with the English commenced by the march of Earl Strongbow with an army to Cashel. Here he reviewed his troops ; and having received information of the strength and posture of the enemy, he sent to Dublin, for the aid of the Ostmen forces enlisted in the English service there. When this auxiliary force had advanced as far as Thurles, it was suddenly attacked by O'Brien of Thomond so successfully, that the four principal leaders and 400 men were slain ; upon which, Strongbow made a precipitate retreat to Waterford. Afterwards Prince John, to secure the southern part of the county in subjection to the English authority, ordered the erection of castles at Ardfinnan and Tipperary. The next ereat struggle originated in an attempt made by Daniel O'Brien, of Thomond, to dispossess the English of this tract of country ; he levied a considerable force, and the contending parties having met at Thurles, a battle ensued in which the English were discomfited. But 582

    this did not put an end to the contest ; the English still continued to ravage the territories of O'Brien, and to increase the number of their castles, which they gradually extended towards the Shannon.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 335

35. Casina, erected by the Earl of Bristol

    near Derry · city · Derry

    Casina, erected by the late Earl of Bristol, is situated in the suburbs of the city of Londonderry, close to the bishop's gardens, commanding a fine view of the river. Its principal apartment is decorated with paintings in chiaro-oscuro.

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    Culmore, below the fort. It has long been contemplated to connect Loughs Foyle and Swilly by a canal ; but though the district through which the line would pass is well adapted for it, a difliculty presents itself in the circumstance of the Swilly at the Burnfoot, which is separated from the Foyle by a neck of land only three miles broad, rising and falling at spring tides 18 feet : this is twice as much as at Londonderry, and therefore the surfaces of the loughs at high water stand at different levels. In July, 1846, an act was passed for draining and embanking the two loughs. Among the principal seats are. The Farm, the property of Sir R. A. Ferguson, Bart. ; Boom Hall, the property of the Earl of Caledon, and the residence of the Bishop of Derry ; Brook Hall, remarkable for the beauty of its grounds, the seat of Sir George Hill, Bart.; Thorn Hill; Balliuagard ; Belmont ; Foyle Hill ; Milton Lodge ; and Troy II(mse. The bishop's demesne, though it is not his residence, may also be included under this head. Casina, erected by the late Earl of Bristol, is situated in the suburbs of the city, close to the bishop's gardens, commanding a fine view of the river and the scenery on its opposite bank ; although irregularly built, it presents a handsome front, and the principal apartment is decorated with paintings in chiaro-oscuro.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 324

36. Cassan, chronographer of Lusk, dies as abbot

    Lusk · town · Dublin · 695–696

    Cassan, a learned scribe called the chronographer of Lusk, died as abbot of the monastery in 695. Either that year or the following, a grand synod was held at Lusk by St. Adamnanus attended by principal prelates of the kingdom.

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    LUSK, a parish, in the union of Balrothery, barony of Balrothery East, county of Dublin, and province of Leinster, 4 miles (N.) from Swords, and on the road from Dublin to Skerries ; containing, with the town of Rush (which is separately described), 5961 inhabitants, of whom ST'i are in the village of Lusk. This place was chiefly distinguished as the site of a monastery, over which St. Macculin, styled indifferently abbot or bishop, presided till his death in 49". Cassan, a learned scribe, who is called the chronographer of Lusk, died abbot of this monastery in 695 ; and either in that or the following year, a grand synod was held here by St. Adamnanus, at which all the principal prelates of the kingdom were present. In S'25 the abbey was plundered and destroyed, and in S54 was, together with the whole town, consumed by fire : it suffered a similar calamity in 1069 ; and in 1 135 the town and abbey were burned, and the whole country of Fingal wasted, by Donel Mac Murrogh O'jNIelaghlin, in revenge for the murder of his brother Conor, Prince of Meath. In 1190, a nunnery for sisters of the Aroasian order, which had been founded here at an early period, and subsequently appropriated to the priory of All Saints, Dublin, was removed to Grace Dieu, in this parish, by John Comyn, Archbishop of Dublin, who placed in it a sisterhood following the rule of St. Augustine, and endowed it with ample possessions, which were confirmed by Pope Celestine in 1196.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 119

37. Castle and abbey site at the Diamond, Monaghan

    Monaghan · town · Monaghan

    A large house in the Diamond of Monaghan town is said to occupy the site of an ancient castle. Old walls behind it are believed to be the remains of an abbey, with an extensive attached cemetery.

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    A large house in the Diamond is said to occupy the site of an ancient castle ; and in the rear of it are some old walls, said to be the remains of the abbey : the cemetery attached appears to have been very extensive. In levelling the ground in front of the old gaol, human bones and a skull of unusually large size were discovered. On the summit of the hill to the north of the town, and near the site of the new gaol, was a small mound of earth, marking the site of the fortress built by Sir Edward Blayney for the protection of the town, and noticed by Sir John Davies as serving both for a garrison and a gaol. Several silver coins have been found, among which were a curious coin of one of the Henrys, and a larger coin of James I., which is in good preservation ; and in a meadow near the river was dug up, some years since, an ancient brass spur, similar to those in the museum of Trinity College, Dublin. On the townland of Lisard, about two miles to the southwest of the town, is a perfect fort, with a rampart and fosse ; it is situated on an eminence commanding the surrounding country.

    MONAMINTRA, an ancient parish, in the union of Waterford, barony of Gaultier, county of Waterford, and province of Munster, 4 miles (S. S. E.) from Waterford j containing 100 inhabitants, and comprising 357 statute acres. — See the article on Monemointer, or Ballycloghy.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 164

38. Castle and church ruins on Whiddy Island

    near Whiddy Island · island or archipelago · Cork

    The ruins of a castle built by O'Sullivan Beare in the reign of Henry VI stand on an eminence near the eastern point of Whiddy Island. The castle was held by Sir George Carew under Queen Elizabeth and later destroyed by Ireton during the 17th-century civil war; vestiges of an ancient church also remain.

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    six fathoms, quite landlocked, and secure from all winds. On an eminence near the eastern point of the island are the ruins of a castle, built by O Sullivan Bear in the reign of Henry VI. In the reign of Queen Elizabeth it was in the possession of Sir George Carew, lordpresident of Munster; it was ultimately rie.'^tnjycd by Ireton during the civil war of the 17th century. There are also some vestiges of an ancient church, with a cemetery attached. The island forms part of the estate of the Earl of Bantry.

    WHITEABBEY, or Wii.tehouse-Ahbev, a village, in the parish of Carmoney, union of Belfast, barony of Lower Belfast, county of Antrlm, and province of Ulster, 4 miles (N.) from Belfast, and on the shore of Belfast lough ; containing 96 houses, and 650 inhabitants. It takes its name from an old abbey, whose picturesque ruins consist of a chapel, denoting the early English style of architecture, but at what time or by whom founded is not known. The inhabitants are chiefly workers in the flax-spinning manufactory which adjoins the village. There is a place of worship for Presbyterians.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 402

39. Castle and rath at Knockrath in the vale of Clara

    Knockrath · parish · Wicklow

    Knockrath parish, chiefly in North Ballinacor barony, lies partly in the beautiful vale of Clara. The parish contains remains of an old castle and a rath.

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    KNOCKRATH, a parish, in the union of Rathdrum, partly in the barony of Sovth Ballinacor, but chiefly in that of North Ballinacor, county of Wicklow, and province of Leinster, 3^ miles (N. W.) from Rathdrum, on the road to Glendalough ; containing 2331 inhabitants. It is in and near the beautiful vale of Clara; comprises 18,854:|: statute acres; and forms part of the rectory and vicarage of Rathdrum, in the diocese of Dublin and Glendalough : the tithe rentcharge is £101. Divine service is performed by one of the curates of Rathdrum, in a licensed chapel. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish is in the district of Rathdrum, and has a chapel in the village of Clara. Here are some remains of an old castle, and a rath.

    KNOCKTEMPLE, a parish, in the union of Kan- TURK, barony of Duhallow, county of Cork, and province of Munster, 10 miles (S. W.) from Charleville, and on the new road from Newcastle to Mallow ; containing 2'245 inhabitants. It is situated on the river Allua, near the northern confines of the county, and comprises 4618 statute acres. Part of the extensive bog called the Red Bog is within its limits ; aud a vein of culm has been discovered, but not yet worked. The seats are. Castle Ishen, the family mansion of Sir James Fitzgerald, Bart. ; and Gknfield, an old mansion belonging to the Boyle family. The living is a rectory, in the diocese of Cloyne, united by act of council to the impropriate cure of Kilbolane, constituting the union of Knocktemple, in the patronage of the Bishop : the tithe rent-charge is £167. 10. ; and the entire income of the benefice, including the stipend of the impropriate curacy, £193. 13. 1. There is a glebe of 3 acres in this parish. The church of the union is in Kilbolane. In the Roman Catholic divisions Knocktemple forms part of the district of Freemount, which also comprises the parish of Kilbolane and the greater part of Shandrum, and 20<2

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 62

40. Castle and St. Carbreus's abbey site at Killowen

    near Killowen · parish · Derry · 540–1213

    Jackson's Hall occupies the site of an ancient castle erected in 1213 by Mac Ughtry, who in that year destroyed the abbey founded on the spot by St. Carbreus in 540. The site thus carries layered ecclesiastical and secular history from the sixth to the thirteenth century.

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    \afant, occupies the site of an ancient castle erected in ^213 by Mac Ughtry, who in that year destroyed the abbey founded on the spot by St. Carbreus in 540.

    The living is a rectory, in the diocese of Derry, and in the patronage of the Bishop : the tithe rent-charge is £1'20. The original parish church, which was part of a priory founded in 1080, was in 1830 converted into a school-house ; and a small neat church, without either tower or spire, was built at an expense of £1000, towards which £300 were given by the Clothworkers' Company, £100 by Bishop Knox, £50 by the Irish Society, and £170 as a gift and £380 as a loan by the Board of First Fruits. The glebe-house, towards the erection of which the same Board made a loan of £297 and a gift of £40'2, was built in IS'2'3 : the glebe comprises 50 statute acres. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish is the head of a district called Killowen, or Coleraine, comprising also the parishes of Duuboe, Macosquin, and Aghadowy, and containing three chapels, situated respectively at KiUowen, Dnnboe, and Aghadowy. There is a place of worship for Presbyterians in connexion with the General Assembly. About ■270 children are educated in five public schools, of which the parochial schools are assisted by a gift of £"20 jjcr annum from the Clothworkers' Company, by grants trom the Irish Society, and by a donation from the rector; a school at Laurel Hill was founded and endowed with £50 per annum by the late R. Kyle, Esq., in 1830. There are also three Sunday schools. Remains of some fine encampments or forts may be seen at Cranagh Hill and Ballycarn, and one of smaller dimensions near the church. On the confines of the parish, near Camus, are two strongly impregnated springs, one chalybeate, the other holding pure sulphur in solution.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 40

41. Castle and town of Cloncarney, origin of Markethill

    near Markethill · town · Armagh · 1603–1641

    Sir Archibald Acheson built a strong castle at Cloncarney and placed British families there, also building a town round his castle which became the origin of the present town of Markethill.

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    containing, with part of the post-town of Markethill, and the village of Ilamiltou's-Bawn (which are separately described), 85*0 inhabitants. This parish is of great antiquity ; mention is made of it in Pope Nicholas's Taxation in 1291, at which time the rectory and several townlands belonged to the Colidei, or Culdees, of Armagh. At the plantation of Ulster, James I. granted 1000 acres of land here and the manor of Coolemalish to H. Acheson, Esq., who built a stone bawn at Carrickbane, 140 feet long and 80 feet wide, defended at the angles by four towers ; and settled there 19 Scottish families, who, with their servants and retainers, furnished 30 armed men for the service of the king. Soon after, Sir James Douglas obtained a grant of '2000 acres and the manor of Cloncarney, on which his successor, Sir Archibald Acheson, built a strong castle and placed 36 British families, who furnished 148 armed men. He also built a town round his castle of Cloncarney, in which he placed 30 more British families, who provided 30 soldiers for the king. This town was the origin of the present flourishing town of Markethill, and the family of the Achesons were ancestors of its present proprietor, the Earl of Gosford.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 186

42. Castle Arundel built at Ring by Lord Arundel

    Ring · townland · Cork · 1200–1225

    Lord Arundel built a very extensive and beautiful castle called Castle Arundel here in the early 13th century. It passed to the Barrymore family, who renamed it Rine or Ring, giving the village its name.

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    TEMPLEOMALUS, a parish, in the union of Bandon, barony of Ibane and Barryroe, county of Cork, and province of Munster, 2|- miles (S. E.) from Clonakilty, on the road to Donoughmore, and on the harbour of Clonakilty ; containing 1612 inhabitants, and including the village of Ring. The Lord Arundel, in the early part of the 13th century, built here a very extensive and beautiful castle, called Castle Arundel ; it afterwards passed to the Barrymore family, and was by them named Rine or Ring, whence the name of the village. The lands of Ring and Lackenduff were granted by Charles II., in 1666, to the corporation of Bandon, but have long since passed from that body. The parish comprises 1931 statute acres, of which 1781 are arable, 125 bog, and 25 waste : the land is in general good ; and the judicious use of sea sand and weed for manure, under an improved system of agriculture, produces abundant crops of corn and potatoes. The substratum is clayslate : quarries of slate were wrought some years ago ; but as the quality was very indifferent, they were discontinued. Some of the inhabitants are engaged in fishing The village of Ring is remarkably well situated for an extensive trade, and some business is carried on in grain, potatoes, and flour, to facilitate which several very capacious stores have been built, connected with which is a large flour-mill ; 5000 bushels of wheat and 1000 tons of potatoes are annually shipped. The living is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of Ross, and in the patronage of the Bishop : the tithe rent-charge is £150. 4., and the glebe comprises 13 acres, but much injured by the working of a slate-quarry for many years. A neat but small church was built in 1844, near the site of a former edifice, on ground given by John H. Love, Esq. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish forms part of the district of Clonakilty ; the chapel is a large 566

    TEMP

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 325

43. Castle at Sligo built by Fitz-Gerald, destroyed by O'Donel

    Sligo · town · Sligo · 1245–1320

    A castle was erected at the site of the present town of Sligo in 1245 by Maurice Fitz-Gerald, then lord-deputy. It was destroyed in 1271 by O'Donel but rebuilt in the beginning of the ensuing century by Richard, Earl of Ulster.

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    This county, in the time of Ptolemy, was included in the territory of the Xagiutice, the chief city of which tribe, Nagnata, is supposed by some to have been near the site of the town of Sligo. It was afterwards possessed by a branch of the O'Conors, called for the sake of distinction O'Conor Sligo : the families of O'Hara, O Dowd, Mac Donagh, and Mac Ferbis, were heads of septs in different districts. After the landing of the English under Henry II., it gradually fell, together with the rest of Connaught, into the hands of the great English leaders, of whom the Burghs or De Burgos were the most powerful in these parts. Yet this revolution was not effected without a protracted struggle, in the course of which a great battle was fought at Assadar, now Ballysadere, where O'Nial, dynast of Tyrone, was defeated with great slaughter in an attempt to restore Cathal Croobhderg to the throne of Connaught, from which he had been driven by Charles Carragh, aided by William de Burgo. Not many years after, the site of the present town of Sligo being deemed a suitable position for defence, a castle was erected there in 1'245 by Maurice Fitz-Gerald, then lord-deputy, which was destroyed in 1271, by O'Donel, but rebuilt in the beginning of the ensuing century by Richard, Earl of Ulster. The county was regarded as part of Connaught, which, with the exception of Roscommon, was considered by the English as a single county, until the 11th of Elizabeth, when the proiince was divided into se\en counties, of which Sligo made one. About the same time, O'Conor Sligo had tendered his submission to Sir Henry Sidney, lord-deputy, and had obtained a grant of his lands under the crown of England at a rent of £100 per annum, with a covenant to pay five horses and 130 beeves every Michaelmas, in lieu of cess, and to bring twenty horsemen and forty footsoldiers into the field whenever summoned to attend a general hosting. During the disturbances by which the north and west of Ireland were distracted at the close of Elizabeth's reign, several actions took place in the county, in one of which the monastery of Ballymote was burned by the Irish. But the most remarkable incident connected with the county at that period was the defeat and death of Sir Conyers Clifford, who had succeeded Sir Richard Bingham in the presidency of Connaught. He had been sent by the Earl of Essex to Belkek, at the head of 1400 foot, and a body of horse consisting of 100 English and a number of Irish auxiharies : in proceeding through the Curlew mountains, he pushed forward with his infantry through a defile, where he was suddenly attacked by O'Rourk, chieftain of Breffny, at the head of about 200 men, with such impetuosity that he was killed on the spot, together with several of his officers and 120 men ; the rest being driven back upon the cavalry, whose appearance checked the pursuit, and gave the fugitives an opportunity of escaping without further loss. 520

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 288

44. Castle Bernard, seat of the Bernard family

    Kinnitty · parish · Offaly

    Castle Bernard, the seat of the Bernard family, is a handsome mansion situated in a picturesque demesne bordering on the Slieve-Bloom mountains at Kinnitty, commanding agreeable views of the surrounding landscape.

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    sessions are held on alternate Tuesdays. The parish comprises 13,S94i statute acres : it contains some good land, which is principally under tillage, and an extensive tract of bog ; the surrounding district is noted for corn, and there are quarries of fine gritstone. Castle Bernard, the seat of the Bernard family, is a handsome mansion, situated in a picturesque demesne bordering on the Slieve-Bloom mountains, and commanding some agreeable views. The other seats in the parish are Letty- Brook, Glenview, and Cadamstown House.

    The living is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of Killaloe; of the rectory, one moiety is impropriate in the representatives of Henry Jackson, Esq., and the other, with the vicarage, was united by act of council in 1796 to the rectory and vicarage of Litterluna, and the vicarage of Roscomroe, and is in the patronage of the Bishop. The tithe rent-charge of the parish is £I'28. 1.6., of which £38. 1. 6. are payable to the impropriators, and the remainder to the vicar ; the tithe of the entire benefice of the incumbent is £1*3. 1. 6. The glebehouse was erected by aid of a gift of £100 and a loan of £600 from the Board of First Fruits, in ISIO; the glebe comprises 4 In. Ir. 11/). The church was rebuilt on an enlarged scale, in 1813, by a loan of £500 from the same Board, and the Ecclesiastical Commissioners recently granted £176 for its repair. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish is the head of a district, comprising also the parishes of Litterluna and Roscomroe ; there is a chapel in each. Of several schools, one is supported under the patronage of Col. Bernard, and an infants' and sewing-school by Lady Catherine Bernard ; there is also a Sunday school, to which is attached a clothing fund, supported by the rector and Lady Bernard ; and in the town is a dispensary. The O'Carrolls had a castle here previously to the forfeitures in the war of 1641 ; and near Castle Bernard is a Danish fort, from which some curious stone figures and valuable coins have been taken.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 59

45. Castle Blayney fortress founded for garrison supplies

    Castleblayney · town · Monaghan

    Because the fort at Monaghan depended on Newry for supplies that were frequently precarious due to hostile intervening country, the Lord-Deputy granted Sir Edward Blayney land on which the fortress of Castle Blayney was afterwards erected. In 1611 Sir Edward obtained a grant of a market and fair.

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    ing settlement of Ulster, when the Lord-Deputy came to this place to make some arrangements respecting the forfeited lands, it was so destitute of requisite habitations, that he was under the necessity of pitching tents for his accommodation. On this occasion, the Lord- Deputy was attended by the Lord- Chancellor and judges of assize, and by the attorney-general, the celebrated Sir John Davies, who describes the place as consisting mainly of a few scattered cabins occupied by the retired soldiers of Blayney's garrison. Besides the fort already mentioned, which was on the north side of the village, he notices another in the centre of it, which had been raised only 10 or 12 feet above the ground, and was then lying in a neglected state, although £1200 had been expended on it by the king, as a means of retaining the native inhabitants of the district in subjection. The Lord-Deputy divided several neighbouring " ballibetaghs " among the soldiers residing in the town ; and as the fort at this time depended on Newry for its supplies, which, from the hostiUty of the intervening country, were frequently precarious, he granted to Sir Edward Blayney a portion of land on which was afterwards erected the fortress of Castle Blayney. In 1611, Sir Edward obtained the grant of a market and fair. The town, which now began to increase in population and extent, was, in 1613, made a parliamentary borough; and the inhabitants were incorporated by a charter of James I., under the designation of the " Provost, Free Burgesses, and Commonalty of the Borough of Monaghan."

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 163

46. Castle Boro mansion on ancient castle site, Killegney

    Killegney · townland · Wexford · 1834–1838

    Castle Boro, the spacious modern mansion of Lord Carew, stands on the site of an ancient castle belonging to the Carew family. It is beautifully situated on the bank of the river Boro, which winds through a richly wooded demesne before discharging into the Slaney.

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    KILLEGNEY, a parish, in the union of E.vnis- CORTHY, barony of Bantry, county of Wexford, and province of Leinster, 6 miles (S. W.) from Enniscorthy ; on the river Boro, and near the high road to New Ross; containing I763 inhabitants. It comprises 6686 statute acres, chiefly under tillage ; the soil is mostly light and poor, but the system of agriculture is greatly improved, and drill husbandry is in general use. Castle Boro, the spacious modern mansion of Lord Carew, is built on the site of an ancient castle belonging to that family, of whom the present lord was created a peer of Ireland in 1S34, and of the United Kingdom in 1838. The house is beautifully situated on the bank of the picturesque river Boro, which, after winding through the richly wooded demesne, discharges itself into the Slaney about two miles below Enniscorthy ; and the grounds, which are tastefully disposed, comprehend some beautiful scenery, in which the spire of the church, rising above the neighbouring groves, forms a pleasing feature. The living is a rectory, in the diocese of Ferns, episcopally united, in 1798, to the impropriate curacy of Chappie, and in the patronage of the Bishop : the tithe rent-charge is £'2'28. 9. 3. The church, for the erection of which the Board of First Fruits granted a loan of £900, in 18'27, is a neat edifice, and an elegant spire was added to it some years ago at the expense of the present Lord Carew ; the Ecclesiastical Commissioners lately granted £106 for its repair. The glebe-house is a neat residence, in Chappie parish, erected in 1831, by a gift of £400 and a loan of £'200 from the late Board ; the glebe comprises 16 acres, subject to a rent of £13. 16. In the Roman Catholic divisions this parish forms part of the district of Templeudigan ; the chapel is at Poolpeasty. The Rev. James Gordon, author of an Abridgment of Irish History, the History of the Rebellion in 1798, and various other works, was for many years rector.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 38

47. Castle Connell chalybeate and astringent spa

    Castleconnell · town · Limerick

    Castle Connell is noted for its chalybeate and astringent spa, listed among the natural curiosities of the county.

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    The peasantry differ little in their manners, habits, and dwellings, from the same class in the other southern agricultural counties ; their dwellings being thatched cabins, their food potatoes, with milk and butter occasionally, their fuel turf, their clothing home-made frieze and cheap cottons and stuffs. Their attachment to the neighbourhood of their nativity, and their love of large assemblages, whether for purposes of festivity or mourning, are further indications of the community of feelings and customs with their countrymen in the surrounding counties. Among the natural curiosities may be included Lough Gur, with its romantic knolls, islands, and cave ; the Castle-Connell chalybeate and astringent spa ; and the sulphuric spring at Montpelier, in the parish of Kilnegariff. Bones and horns of the moosedeer have been found in many parts of the county.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 74

48. Castle Cooke seat on the Araglyn

    Macroney · parish · Cork

    Castle Cooke is a seat beautifully situated on the river Araglyn in Macrony parish, in the midst of extensive and valuable plantations.

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    MACRONY, a parish, in the union of Fermoy, barony of Condons and Clongibbons, county of Cork, and province of Munster, 2 miles (N. N. E.) from Kilworth, on the road to Lismore ; containing 3406 inhabitants. It comprises 83*1 statute acres: the land, though in general of an inferior quality, is chiefly under tillage, a large portion of the mountain waste having been lately brought into cultivation ; there is a small portion of bog. Limestone raised in the adjoining parish is generally burnt for manure, and slate was formerly worked in the vicinity. The river Araglyn, which separates this parish from Leitrim, winds through a vale covered on both sides with a dense wood of oak, chiefly planted by W. C. Collis, Esq. At the head of the vale, at a place called The Furnace, iron-ore was worked to a great extent, and smelted on the spot ; but the timber becoming too valuable for fuel, the works were discontinued about 80 years since. There are two small corn-mills on the river, employed in grinding oats. Near The Furnace, where the counties of Cork,Tipperary, and Waterford meet, is a station of the constabulary police, supported at the joint expense of the three counties. Castle Cooke, a seat, is beautifully situated on the Araglyn, in the midst of extensive and valuable plantations. The parish is in the diocese of Cloyne ; the rectory is impropriate in the representatives of Messrs. E. & B. Norcott, and the vicarage forms part of the union of Kilworth ; the tithe rent-charge is £345, payable in equal portions to the impropriator and the vicar. In the Roman Catholic divisions, also, the parish is part of the union of Kilworth, and has a chapel. 290

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 122

49. Castle-Cor, ancient mansion of the Freeman family in Kilbrin

    Castlecor · electoral division · Cork

    Castle-Cor in the parish of Kilbrin, Cork, was the ancient family mansion of the Freemans, situated in a richly wooded demesne particularly noted for its fine oaks. The parish also retains an extensive burial-ground from its vanished ancient church.

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    Mallow ; containing 4S55 inhabitants. It comprises 12,631 statute acres. The land considerably varies in quality, and a large portion consists of hilly pasture. Limestone is found in the south part of the parish, and burnt for manure ; the state of agriculture is gradually improving. A fair is held at Ballyheene on Oct. 2nd, for general farming stock. Two roads have been made through the parish within a few years, and have tended greatly to the improvement of the district ; one from Drumcolloher, through Liscarrol, to the mail-road near Mallow ; and the other from Newcastle to Castle-Cor in this parish, where it meets the former road. The chief seats are, Castle-Cor, the ancient family mansion of the Freeman family, situated in a richly wooded demesne, which is particularly remarkable for its fine oaks ; Ballygraddy ; and Marybrook. The parish is in the diocese of Cloyne : the rectory is impropriate in the family of Longfield, and the vicarage forms part of the union of Liscarrol, or Kilbrin. The tithe rent-charge is £707. 5., of which £392. 5. are payable to the impropriator, and the remainder to the vicar. The church, situated at Ballygraddy, on the border of the parish, is a plain building with a square tower surmounted by a small spire ; it was erected in 1790, by a grant of £564 made by the late Board of First Fruits. There are no remains of the ancient church, but its extensive burialground is still used. In the Roman Catholic divisions this parish is the head of a district, which also comprises the parishes of Ballyclough, Drumdowney, and Kilmaclenan : the principal chapel, at the Cross of Kilbrin, is a large and handsome slated building of recent erection, with pointed windows ; there is also a chapel at Ballyclough. A school is supported by Major Freeman, who allows £20 per annum, and a house and garden for the master.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 16

50. Castledermot conference and imprisonment, 1264

    Castledermot · town · Kildare · 1264

    In 1264, Richard de Rupella, lord justice, together with Lords Theobald Butler and John Cogan, was made prisoner by Maurice Fitzgerald at a conference at Castledermot, convened to end a dispute between the Geraldines and Burghs. The town was also a place of residence of the O'Tothils or O'Tooles.

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    and more especially for constituting Kildare, which had been a liberty appendant to the county of Dublin, a shire of itself, discharged from the jurisdiction of the Dublin sheritf, and having county officers of its own. In the general division of Kildare among the first English settlers, by Strongbow and his heirs, Carbery was given to Meyler Fitz-IIenry ; and Naas Offallia, to Maurice Fitzgerald, from whom the three great families of Kildare, Kerry, and Desmond descended : Narragh was assigned to Robert, and Adam Fitz-Hereford had Salt, with its appendages. On the division of the palatinate of Leinster among the five coheiresses of William Marshal, who had inherited in right of his wife Isabel, Strongbow's only daughter, the county of Kildare was given to the fourth daughter, Sibilla, who married William de Ferrars, Earl of Derby. William de Vescy succeeded in right of his wife Agnes, the only daughter of this marriage ; but he lost the property shortly after in consequence of his fleeing into France to avoid a single combat with John Fitzgerald, who had charged him with treason ; and his possessions were bestowed on his accuser. In 1234, Richard Marshal, Earl of Pembroke, the successor of William, having united with the O'Conors against the English government, was killed in a battle on the Curragh of Kildare by the Lord Justice, aided by the Fitzgerahls, De Lacys, and Burghs. The power of the Fitzgeralds, or Geraldines, from this period became paramount in the county ; insomuch that, in 1264, Richard de Rupella, lord justice, was made prisoner, together with the Lords Theobald Butler and John Cogan, by INIaurice Fitzgerald, who had come to a conference at Castledermot, in order to put an end to a dispute between the Geraldines and Burghs.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 19

51. Castle Dufferin wardenship and O'Nial occupation

    near Dufferin · barony · Down · 1356–1561

    Edward III appointed John De Mandeville warden of Castle Dufferin in 1356. The castle subsequently fell into the hands of the O'Nials, who maintained possession until 1561 when Elizabeth granted the adjoining territory to Hugo White.

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    KILLYLEAGH, a market and post town, and a parish, in the union of Downpatrick, partly in the barony of Castlereagh, but chiefly in that of Duf- FERiN, county of Down, and province of Ulster, 5 miles (N. E.) from Downpatrick, and 7HJ (N. by N.) from Dublin, on the coach-road from Belfast to Downpatrick ; containing 66S8 inhabitants, of whom 1116 are in the town. This place, which is situated on the western shore of Strangford lough, was a port of some eminence previously to the conquest of Ireland by the English ; and, with the adjoining barony of Kinalart)% formed part of the territories of the native sept of the M"^Cartans. It was afterwards granted to De Courcy, who, in order to protect it from the attacks of the powerful chieftain of that sept, erected castles on every advantageous site round the shore of the lake, among which the principal was the castle of Dufferin. In 1356, Edward III. appointed John De Mandeville warden of this castle, which subsequently fell into the hands of the O'Nials, who maintained possession of it till 1561, when the adjoining territory was by Elizabeth granted to Hugo White, who shortly afterwards erected a castle at Killyleagh, into which he removed his warden from Castle Dufferin. Shane O'Nial besieged the newly erected castle in 1567, when, meeting with a powerful resistance, he set fire to the town; and a league being subsequently made between the M'^Cartans and the O'Nials, they jointly attacked the castle, dispossessed the family of White, and usurped the uncontrolled dominion of the entire country. On the suppression of the Tyrone rebellion at the close of the 1 6th century, the possessions of the M^'Cartans were confiscated ; and the manor and district of Killyleagh were eventually granted by James I. to Sir James Hamilton, who restored and considerably enlarged the castle, which, after his elevation to the peerage by the title of Lord Claneboy, he made his principal residence. The castle was besieged and taken by General Monk for the parliament, in 1648, and was partly demolished in the war of that period, but was substantially repaired in 1666, and in it was born Archibald Hamilton Rowan, whose grandson is now the proprietor. It is a large and strong pile of building in the later English style, occupying an eminence which commands the town ; but affords no protection to the harbour.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 41

52. Castle erected at Kells against the O'Nials c.1176

    Kells · town · Meath · 1176

    Around 1176 the town of Kells was plundered by native septs, and about the same time a castle was erected for its defence against the O'Nials. The town was also strengthened with mural fortifications due to its frontier situation.

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    KELLS, a market and post town, a parish, the head of a union, and formerly a parliamentary borough, in f^ the barony of Kells, county of JIeath, and province of Leinster, S miles (\V. N. W.) from Navan, and 31 (X. W.) from Dublin, on the coach-road to Enniskillen ; containing "643 inhabitants, of whom 4'205 are in the town. This place, formerly called Kenlis, is of remote antiquity, and appears to have acquired at a very early period a considerable degree of importance. A monastery for Canons Regular was founded here about the year 550, by St. Columb, on a site granted, it is said, by INPKervaill, King of Ireland ; and notwithstanding its repeated disasters by conflagration and the ravages of the Danes, it seems to have been the head of a small surrounding diocese, which subsequently merged into that of Meath. The monastery was restored, in 806, by Cellach, abbot of lona, who had taken refuge here from the Norwegians ; but it appears to have been never free from disasters of various kinds till after the arrival of the English. In 1 15'J, the memorable synod of the Irish clergy, at which Cardinal Paparo distributed the four palls to the archbishops, was assembled here; in 1156, the town, with all its sacred edifices, was destroyed by fire. The monastery, after its restoration, was plundered in 117^, by Dermod Macmurrough, at the head of a party of English ; but in the year following, Hugh de Lacy bestowed on it such ample grants of land as to entitle him to be regarded as its second founder. In 1 1'6, the town was plundered by some of the native septs, and about the same time a castle was erected for its defence against the O'Nials. Walter, son of Hugh de Lacy, in the reign of Richard I. founded a monastery for Crouched friars, and granted the inhabitants a charter confirming all their privileges, which he made equal to those of the men of Bristol. In addition to its castle the town was strengthened with mural fortifications, rendered necessary from its situation on the frontier ; and it was considered one of the most important places in the county. Richard II., in 1388, confirmed the charter of the burgesses granted by Walter de Lacy, and from this period till the time of Henry VI. the town ranked with Trim and Athboy as one of the principal boroughs in Meath ; but by repeated wars, and the subsequent dissolution of its richly-endowed religious establishments, it materially declined in importance.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 3

53. Castle Freke at Rathbarry

    Rathbarry · townland · Cork · 1400–1641

    The fortress of Rathbarry, now known as Castle Freke, was built in the 15th century by Randal Oge Barry. It was surrendered to Queen Elizabeth's forces in 1602 and later endured a major siege during the 1641 rebellion.

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    RATHBARRY, a parish, in the union of Skibbe- REEN, partly in the West division of the barony of East Carbery, but chiefly in the barony of Ibane and Barryroe, county of Cork, and province of Munster, 4 miles (W. S. W.) from Clonakilty, and on the road from Cork to Skibbereen ; containing 2726 inhabitants. This place, which is situated on the southern coast, derives its name from an ancient fort, of which there are still some picturesque remains in Lord Carbery's demesne. The fortress, anciently called Rathbarry, now Castle Freke, was erected in the 15th century by Randal Oge Barry; in 1602 was surrendered to Captain Harvey for Queen Elizabeth, according to the treaty of Kinsale ; and was retained by the English till the breaking out of the war in 1641. Soon after the commencement of hostilities, it was besieged by the insurgents, but was resolutely defended by its proprietor, Arthur Freke, Esq., who maintained it against all their attacks from the 14th of February till the 18th of October, when it was relieved by Sir Charles Vavasour and Captain Jephson, who conducted the owner and his garrison in safety to Bandon, and set fire to the castle, to prevent its being occupied by the enemy. The insurgents, nevertheless, took the castle of Dundedy, which they kept till the spring of the year 1643, when they also obtained possession of the remains of Castle Freke ; but in July they were driven from this place by Colonel Myn, who restored the castle, and placed in it a garrison which retained possession till the arrival of Cromwell.

    The parish comprises 4735 statute acres : the surface is very uneven, and towards the sea the land is cold, and the soil sandy ; but in the centre of the parish, and around Miltown, the lauds are more fertile. The vale

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 245

54. Castle Garr and Mallow Castle in the town

    Mallow · town · Cork

    Castle Garr formerly stood near one extremity of the main street, on whose site a modern house was later built. At the other end stands Mallow Castle, commanding the river, with a stone bridge of eleven arches connecting the town to the suburb of Ballydaheen.

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    The TOWN is finely situated on the northern bank of the river Blackwater, about a mile below its confluence with the Clydagh, and in a vale inclosed on the south side by a chain of mountains, but more open on the north, and on both sides richly wooded. It consists chiefly of one main street on the coach-road from Cork to Limerick ; near one extremity of which was Castle Garr, on whose site is now a modern house ; and at the other is Mallow Castle, commanding the river, over which is a stone bridge of eleven arches, connecting the town with the suburb of Ballydaheen, on the opposite 301

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 133

55. Castle Guard mounts at Ardee

    Ardee · town · Louth

    At Ardee, mounds encompassed with deep trenches are found near Castle Guard, characteristic of fortifications associated with old castles or places of note.

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    Ballinahatncy, near Duiuialk ; circles and a cromlech on Killin hill ; a fine cromlech at Ballymuscanlan ; and a large cairn on Carrick-Brant. At Uullrighan has heen discovered a curious artificial cave ; and near Killin hill is the extraordinary tort called Faiths iia ain eighe, or " the one night's work." The most ancient mounds appear to be the ordinary tumuli, such as are seen between Dundalk and Drogheda ; in which latter vicinity is a very celebrated structure, at Grange. Next in date are those encompassed with a deep trench, and generally met with in the neighbourhood of some old castle or place of note ; such as those of Castle Guard at Ardee, Greencastle near Castle-Bcllingham, and at Killany. Some mounts have a square redoubt, or other works, attached to the main encircling trench ; as at Castletown. Besides those above mentioned, the places where camps of different kinds occur are, near Ballinahatncy plain; Mount Albani, about two miles from Dundalk : Rosskiigh, near Carrick-Brant, on the banks of the Dundugan river ; Mount Ash, near Louth ; a Danish fort, near Dunlecr ; another at Castletown, near Dundalk ; a round fort at Louth ; Castle Ring, near the same place ; Faughart, to the north of Dundalk ; Mount Bagnal ; and a Danish fort near Castle-Bellingham. A fine round tower is still standing at Monasterboice, and part of another at Dromiskin. The number of religious houses that existed in the county is no less than '23 : there are still remains of those of Carlingford, where the ruined buildings are very interesting ; Faughart, where the vestiges consist of St. Bridget's stone and pillar ; Mellifont, the abbey of which place was very sumptuous; and Monasterboice, where are two crosses, one of which, called St. Boyne's, is among the largest, most ancient, and richly decorated in Ireland. Of the numerous ancient castles, there are remains of those of Haynstown (three miles from Dundalk), Miltown, Killincoole, Darver, Carlingford, Castle- Roche, Dungooly, Rood's-town, Baling (near the northern shore of Dundalk bay), Dunmahan, Glass- Pistol (near Termoufechan), Clonniore, Rath (three miles from Carlingford), Ardee, Termoufechan, Ballrighan (two miles west of Dundalk), and Castletown. All of these, together with the chief modern mansions of the nobility and gentry, are particularly described in their respective parishes. A great number of ornaments of pure gold, swords, spears, axes of bronze, and other relics of antiquity, have been found in various places ; and in the summer of 1835 a very large head ornament and fibula of pure gold were found near Monasterboice.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 114

56. Castlehyde church built on ancient site, 1812

    Castlehyde · townland · Cork · 1812–1837

    A church stands in the demesne of Castlehyde, built in 1812 on the site of the ancient edifice. It was partly funded by Mr. Hyde and the Board of First Fruits, later improved from a design by Mr. G. R. Pain of Cork, with a groined ceiling and stained glass windows.

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    The living is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of Cloyne : part of the rectory is in the gift of J. Hyde, Esq., the remainder being impropriate in John Nason, Esq. ; the vicarage is in the patronage of the Bishop. The tithe rent-charge is £510. 15., of which £'2! 6 are payable to the impropriator, and the remainder to the incumbent : there is no glebe-house or glebe. The church, a small but handsome structure with a tower and spire, stands in the demesne of Castlehyde, of which it is an interesting feature : it was built in 1S12, on the site of the ancient edifice, partly at Mr. Hyde's expense, aided by a gift of £400 and a loan of £363 from the Board of First Fruits, and has since been much improved from a design by Mr. G. R. Pain, of Cork ; the interior is embeUished with a richly groined ceiling, and most of the windows are of stained glass. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish, with the exception of the village of Templenoe, which is within the district of Ballyhooley, forms part of the district of Fermoy. At Creg are the ruins of a castle said to have been built by the Condons, consisting of a lofty square tower, still nearly entire ; and near the border of Killathy parish are the ruins of the castle of Bally-Mac Philip.

    LITTERLUNA.— See Letterluna. LITTERMORE, an island, in the parish of Kil- L.\NiN, barony of Moycullen, union and county of G.\LWAY, and province of Connaught, 24 miles (W. N. W.) from Galway, and on the western coast : the population is returned with the parish. It is situated on the eastern side of the bay of Kilkerrin, and at the extremity of that of Greatmans ; and comprises about 500 acres, of which 80 consist of arable land, and the remainder of bog and pasturable mountain : the inhabitants are chiefly engaged in the fisheries. Here are 252

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 90

57. Castlehyde: ivied castle ruins on the Blackwater

    Castlehyde · townland · Cork

    The parish of Litt (anciently Carrigneady) on the river Blackwater contains Castlehyde, a handsome mansion in a richly-wooded demesne. Within the demesne are the ivied ruins of the ancient castle that formerly gave name to the parish, and a ferry replaces an old wooden bridge that once crossed the river.

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    and province of MrNSTER, 2 miles (W. by N.) from Fermoy, on the road to Mallow; containing 1951 inhabitants. This parish, anciently called Carrigneady, is situated on the river Blackwater, by which it is divided into two nearly equal parts ; and comprises 5405 statute acres. The land is in general good, and chiefly under tillage : the state of agriculture has of late years been much improved, chiefly through the exertions of the family of Hyde ; there is but little waste land, and no bog. A substratum of limestone extends to the north, and one of a brown or greyish kind of stone to the south, of the river ; both are worked either for building or for repairing the roads, and the limestone is also extensively burnt for manure. On the south side of the Blackwater, is a flour-mill worked by a mountain stream which runs through a finely-wooded glen. A court for the manor of Castlehyde is occasionally held by the seneschal, for the recovery of debts not exceeding 40s., late currency. The principal seat is Castlehyde, a spacious and handsome mansion, beautifully situated on the northern margin of the Blackwater, in the midst of a highly picturesque and richly-wooded demesne extending on both sides of the river, of which it forms one of the most attractive scenes. Within the demesne (w'hich spreads into the adjoining parish of Fermoy) are the ivied ruins of the ancient castle, which, at a former period, gave name to the parish ; and the river was here formerly crossed by a wooden bridge, in lieu of which there is now a ferry a little to the east of its site. The other seats are Creg and Templenoe.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 90

58. Castle Ishen ruins and seats at Knocktemple

    Knocktemple · parish · Cork

    Knocktemple parish contains Castle Ishen, the family mansion of Sir James Fitzgerald, Bart., adjoining which are ruins of the ancient structure from which it takes its name. Glenfield is an old mansion belonging to the Boyle family. Part of the extensive Red Bog lies within the parish limits.

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    contains the chapels of Freemount, Millford, and Kilbolane. At Freemount, in this parish, is a national school. Adjoining the mansion of Castle Ishen are the ruins of the ancient structure from which it derives its name.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 62

59. Castle Island fort in Lough Conn and O'Conor's blinded brother

    Castle Island · townland · Mayo

    On Castle Island in Lough Conn stand the ruins of a fort in which O'Conor is said to have confined his brother after depriving him of sight for rebelling against him.

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    principal fortress in Ennis, and seems to have been a structure of great extent and strength ; many ruins of inferior note are to be seen in this barony. The castle of Ralli/iglen, built in a valley of the same name, in Tyrawley, has on its top an altar, which gives to that part of the building the name of the Altar-room. Dvel Castle, built by the Burke family, stands roofed and entire, within four miles of Ballina, on the estate of the late Colonel Cuff. In Castle Island, in Lough Conn, are the ruins of a fort in which O'Conor is said to have confined his brother, after depriving him of sight, for having rebelled against him. Furtnakallij Castle, about a mile from Downpatrick, is remarkable for the total want of windows, although the walls yet standing arc upwards of twenty feet high. The other remains of castles are not marked by any features sufficiently important to entitle them to particular notice; they were chiefly built by the Burkes, the Barretts, and the Jennings. The principal modern mansions of the nobility and gentry are noticed in their respective parishes.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 148

60. Castle Island fortress in Lough Key

    near Castle Island · townland · Roscommon

    A fortress on Castle Island in Lough Key (Lough Kea) anciently belonged to Mac Dermot. It is listed among the most remarkable castles of the county.

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    The most numerous class of antiquities is the raths, which abound in the northern and middle baronies, though less frequent in the south. No less than 470 are marked on the grand jury map of the county ; and the people generally regard them with veneration, deeming it unlucky to disturb or cultivate them. At Jamestown are two, remarkable for being situated so close to each other that the encircling trenches join ; there is a still more curious circular fortification at Lough Glynn, and at Oran are the remains of an ancient round tower. The monastic remains are also various and interesting : Archdall enumerates 50 religious establishments of various kinds ; and there are still interesting and picturesque ruins of Boyle Abbey ; of that at Clonshanvill ; of Trinity Abbey, on the shore of Lough Kea ; of the priory of Inchmacneerin, an island in the same lake ; of Tulsk Abbey ; of the Dominican convent at Roscommon; of Dcrane Abbey, two miles north-east from Roscommon ; and of Clontuskert Abbey, in the same vicinity. There are also a large old church and other ecclesiastical ruins at St. John's. Several remains of small castles are scattered through the county, undeserving of particular notice. The following are most remarkable : the old castle of Lough Glynn j the fortress on Castle Island, in Lough Kea, anciently belonging to Mac Dermct ; Ballynafad Castle, the ancient seat of O'Conor Roe ; the extensive ruins of Roscommon Castle ; those of Ballintobber Castle, belonging anciently to O'Conor Don ; the old keep of Athlone Castle ; the ruined fortress and fortified isthmus of St. John's; and the old castle of Ballinasloe. Old Coote Hall, in the parish of Tumna, presents curious remains of fortification in a tower and ruined walls ; and at Belanagare, Kilmore, and near Athleague, are ruined mansions, conspicuous by their tall ornamented chimneys and high gables. Among the other antiquities may be noticed the old bridge of Athlone, the inscription on which states it to have been built 4S3

    Rose

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 260