A topographical dictionary of Ireland : comprising the several counties; cities; boroughs; corporate, market and post towns; parishes; and villages, with historical and statistical descriptions embellished with engravings of the arms of the cities, bishopricks, corporate towns, and boroughs ; and of the seals of the several municipal corporations .. (vol. 2)

Each story keeps the passage it was read from. Open one to read it as the scan has it, and, where the companion has written its own telling, that too. The passages are read off photographs of the page by machine, so a word here and there comes out wrong; they are kept as the reading produced them, so you can check any of them against the scan.

1. Cromlech and castle ruins at Ardnaree

   Ardnaree or Shanaghy · townland · Mayo

   Within Kilmoreoy parish are a cromlech, the remains of an ancient castle giving name to the village of Ardnaree or 'the King's height', and some ruins of the old church with a burial-ground attached.

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   proprietor at an expense of £10,000, and beautifully situated on the banks of the Moy, in a fine demesne tastefully laid out and richly planted ; and Belleek Castle. It is now a rectory and a vicarage, in the diocese of Killala, forming part of the union of Ardagh ; the rectory was till lately approjiriate to the precentorship of Killala cathedral, and the tithe rent-charge is £'Z9*. 'i. 9; of which £37. 8. 6. were payable to the precentor, and the remainder to the vicar. There is a glebe-house, towards the erection of which the Board of First Fruits gave £100, in 179-i, and which was rebuilt by a loan of £600 and a gift of £'200 from the same Board, in 18<28: the glebe comprises II acres. The church of the union, in Ardnaree, was built in 1*63, by aid of a gift of £300 from the Board, which also granted £1400 as a loan for its enlargement in 1SI6; and the Ecclesiastical Commissioners recently granted £.5~3 for its repair. The Roman Catholic parish is coextensive with that of the Established Church, and has a handsome cathedral at Ardnaree. There are also places of worship for Baptists and Wesleyan Methodists. Within the parish are, a cromlech ; the remains of an ancient castle, which gives name to the village of Ardnaree, or " the King's height;'" and some ruins of the old church, with a burial-ground attached.

   Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 48

2. Cromlech and celebrated well near old church, Kilronan

   Kilronan · parish · Roscommon

   Near the ruined ancient church in Kilronan parish, Roscommon, stands a celebrated holy well. In its immediate vicinity is a cromlech, and the old church walls feature a circular-headed portal ornamented with carved cylinders.

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   The living is a vicarage, in the diocese of Ardagh, and in the patronage of the Bishop ; the rectory is impropriate in W. MuUoy, Esq., and the tithe rent-charge is £195, which is equally divided between the impropriator and the vicar. The glebe-house was erected by aid of a gift of £400, and a loan of £328, from the late Board of First Fruits in 1815 ; the glebe comprises 30 acres, subject to a rent of £10. The church is a neat building with a spire, towards the erection of which the same Board gave £500, in I788. The Roman Catholic parish is co-extensive with that of the Established Church, and has a chapel at Keadue, and one at Arigna, which latter was erected by the Mining Company. At Keadue is also a dispensary. The ancient church is in ruins ; the burial-ground is still much used, and contains the remains of Carolan, the last and one of the most celebrated of the Irish bards, who died at Camagh, the seat of the M'Dermot Roes, in 1738, and was buried in their vault. There is a circular-headed portal in the walls of the old church, ornamented with carved cylinders. Near the old church is a celebrated well, in the vicinity of which is a cromlech.

   KILRONAN, a parish, in the union of Clonmel,

   Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 53

3. Cromlech and church ruins on Sugar-Loaf hill, Reisk

   Reisk · townland · Waterford

   On the abrupt conical eminence called Sugar-Loaf hill in the parish of Reisk, County Waterford, stands a perfect cromlech composed of four oblong masses of rock placed on end supporting a large table-stone at about 20 feet height. Close to the cromlech are the ruins of the parish church.

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   the hills, which rise precipitously, are covered with bold and rugged rocks, and between these irregular elevations are small patches of the finest land, well watered and sheltered. The parish is in the diocese of Waterford : part of the rectory forms one of the denominations constituting the corps of the deanery, and the remainder one of those constituting the corps of the archdeaconry ; the vicarage is in the patronage of the Bishop. The tithe rent-charge is £169. 13. 4., of which £59. 8.4. are payable to the vicar, and the remainder to the appropriators ; there is a glebe of 12 acres, of which 8 belong to the rectory, and 4 to the vicarage. On the abrupt conical eminence called Sugar- Loaf hill, is a perfect cromlech composed of four oblong masses of rock placed on end, and supporting a table-stone of considerable magnitude, at a height of about 20 feet; underneath, in the centre, is a single stone of inferior height. Close to this cromlech are the ruins of the parish church. In the neighbourhood of Pembrokestown is a smaller cromlech, also an ancient fort or rath.

   Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 256

4. Cromlech and geological ravine at Gurteen demesne

   Gurteen · street · Tipperary

   The magnificent woods of the Gurteen demesne in Kilsheelan parish contain a cromlech. Adjoining the woods is a large ravine composed of strata of red sandstone, white silicious sandstone, and soft slaty rock decomposing into pure yellow ochreous earth.

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   KILSHEEL.\N, a parish, in the union of Clonmel, partly in the barony of Upperthird, county of Waterford, but chiefly in that of Iffa and Offa East, county of Tipperary, and province of Munster, 5 miles (W.) from Carrick-on-Suir, and on the road from Clonmel to Waterford ; containing 1936 inhabitants, of whom 435 are in the village. The village consists of 7-1 houses, and is a constabulary police station : here is a bridge over the river Suir. The principal seats are Newtown Anner, Landscape, and Gurteen. Adjoining the magnificent woods of this last demesne, which contains a cromlech, is a large ravine composed of strata of red sandstone, white silicious sandstone, and soft slaty rock which decomposes into a pure yellow ochreous earth. Kilsheelan is a vicarage, in the diocese of Lismore, united to the rectory of Kilmurry, and in the gift of the Marquess of Ormonde, in whom the rectory is impropriate. The tithe rent-charge of the parish is £-285. 15., of which £187. 15- 6. are payable to the vicar, and the remainder to the impropriator ; the tithe of the entire benefice of the incumbent is £566. 14. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish forms part of the district of Kilgrant or Riverstown, and contains a chapel. The late W. Power, Esq., of Ballydino, left 30 acres of land and £5000 for the establishment of an almshouse. Here are some remains of the ancient church, and of a castle ; also a large moat.

   Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 56

5. Cromlech and ruined church at Tirnony, Killelagh

   Tirnony · townland · Derry

   In the townland of Tirnony within the parish of Killelagh stands a cromlech. Near it are ruins of a very ancient church destroyed during the rebellion of the Earl of Tyrone and subsequently rebuilt.

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   Company, of London. The parish was formerly united to Maghera, but in 1794 was separated from it, and now forms a distinct benefice. The living is a rectory, in the diocese of Derry, and in the patronage of the Bishop: the tithe rent-charge is £148. 8. 4. The "church is a small plain edifice without tower or spire, towards the erection of which the late Board of First Fruits gave £500 in 1808, and in 1810 £100 were given towards the erection of the glebe-house ; the glebe comprises 272 acres, constituting part of the townland of Gortinure, and of which 120 acres are under cultivation. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish forms part of the district of Maghera; the chapel is a spacious and handsome building with a tower, lately erected. In the townland of Tirnony is a cromlech, and near it are the, ruins of a very ancient church, which was destroyed in the rebellion of the Earl of Tyrone, and subsequently rebuilt.

   Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 38

6. Cromlech at Baltinglass

   Baltinglass · town · Wicklow

   A cromlech is located at Baltinglass, adding to the prehistoric monuments recorded in County Wicklow.

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   The VESTIGES of remote antiquity are comparatively few. Near Enniskerry is a small cromlech, and another is to be seen on the summit of Lugnaquilla. Raths are numerous : there are a Druidical circle and a cromlech in Donoughmore ; a cromlech at Baltinglass ; and a curiously sculptured stone at Old Court, near Bray. Besides Glendalough, a collection of monastic ruins of peculiar antiquarian interest, there were eleven religious establishments ; those of which any remains exist are at Rathdrum, Baltinglass, and Wicklow. Ruins of churches are to be seen on Slieve Gadoe near Donard, at Kilcoole, Killeskey, Kilmacanogue, Aghold, Kilbride near Arklow, Killadreeny, Kilpipe, and Templemicbael ; besides slight vestiges of several others, all situated in ancient burial-places. The native septs do not appear to have erected any strong fortresses ; those of which remains exist were built by the English, and serve now to mark the districts in which they secured a permanent footing. The most remarkable are, the Black Castle at Wicklow, Newcastle, Dunganstown, Bray, Old Court near Fassaroe, Kindlestown and Rathdown near Delgany, Carnew, Arklow, Kiltimon, Ballivolan in the parish of Killeskey, Kilcommon and Knockrath near Rathdrum, Grange near Baltinglass, and Castle-Kevin near Annamoe.

   Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 406

7. Cromlech at Glen-Druid, County Dublin

   Glen Druid · valley · Dublin

   A very perfect cromlech or Druidical altar is situated in a picturesque, richly wooded glen watered by a mountain stream at Glen-Druid. It consists of a large table-stone, 14 feet long and 12 broad, supported by six upright stones, and is supposed to weigh about 25 tons.

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   situated in a fine demesne ; Cherryfield ; Rocklands ; Rockville, commanding a view of the bay of Killiney ; Glanamuck ; Priorsland ; Kingstown House ; North Lodge ; Bellmont, commanding a magnificent mountain view ; and Glen-Druid, which derives its name from a very perfect cromlech or Druidical altar situated in a picturesque and richly wooded glen watered by a mountain stream. From the summit of a lofty tower erected by the late Mr. Barrington, of Glen-Druid, is obtained a splendid view of the sea, the hills of Howth and Killiney, Bray Head, the Sugar Loaves, Djouce, and the Three Rock and Shankill mountains, with the beautiful country in the foreground.

   The parish is a rectory and curacy, in the diocese of Dublin ; the rectory formed part of the corps of the late deanery of Christ Church, and the curacy is part of the union of Monkstown : the tithe rent-charge is £'216. 8. 6., two-thirds of which were payable to the dean. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish is chiefly in the district of Kingstown, and has a chapel at Cabinteely. According to Ledwich, the church of Tully was founded by the Ostmen, and dedicated to their favourite saint Olave ; its ruins, situated on an eminence, still form a picturesque object, and the circular arches bear evidence of its remote antiquity. Near the church are the remains of some crosses with traces of rudely sculptured figures. The cromlech at Glen-Druid consists of a large table-stone, 14 feet long and 12 broad, supported by six upright stones ; the former is supposed to weigh about 25 tons. At Murphystown are the remains of an ancient castle.

   Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 358

8. Cromlech at Lough Keil

   Lough Keel · lake or lakes · Donegal

   A cromlech stands at Lough Keil in the vicinity of Kilmacrenan parish. A rocking-stone is also found near Lough Salt.

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   lough, which is S15 feet above the level of the sea, and ■204 feet deep, is on the side of the nmuntain ; and from its vicinity, fine views of Lough Swilly to the east, and Letterkenny and the surrounding country to the south and west, are obtained. In the neighbourhood of the lake is a rocking-stone ; there is a cromlech at Lough Keil, and at Milford the Giant's grave.

   KILMACSHALGAN, a parish, in the barony of Tyreragh, union and county of Sligo, and province of CoN.VAiGHT, 16 miles (W. byS.) from Sligo; containing, with the post-town of Dromore-West, 387'2 inhabitants. It comprises 26,008^ statute acres, the greater portion of which is reclaimable mountain land and bog ; the cultivated part is chiefly under tillage ; and there are quarries of limestone, freestone, and slate. The principal seats are Dromore House, Fare M'^Fare, Belville, and Marino Cottage. Petty-sessions are held fortnightly on Thursdays at Comcall, where there is a spa. The living is a vicarage, in the diocese of Killala, with that of Templeboy episcopally united, and in the patronage of the Bishop ; the rectory is impropriate in Colonel Knox Gore. The tithe rent-charge of the parish is £300, payable in equal parts to the impropriator and the vicar ; and the tithe of the whole vicarial union is £30*. 10. : there is a glebe-house, and the glebe comprises nine acres. The church is a neat edifice with a square tower, for the erection of which the Board of First Fruits lent £1300, in ISW. The Roman Catholic parish is co-extensive with that of the Established Church, and has a large chapel. There are some remains of the church, with a burial-place attached ; two cromlechs ; and some forts.

   Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 43

9. Cromlech at Marymount demesne, Urlingford

   Urlingford · town · Kilkenny

   A cromlech stands in the demesne of Marymount near Urlingford, once supported by three upright stone pillars. Two pillars, each 8 feet high, remain in their original position at one end; the third has fallen. Peasants broke a flat stone underneath while searching for money and instead found human bones.

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   worsteds, and carries on an extensive retail trade with the surrounding districts. There are 1'2 fairs during the year, chiefly for cattle and fat pigs ; they are held on Jan. l'2th, Feb. 1st, March 17th, April 10th, May r2th, June '29th, July '20th, Aug. 15th, Sept. l.'ith, Oct. r2th, Nov. 14th, and Dec. '23rd. Near Urlingford is a racecourse surrounding a green knoll, the summit of which commands an extensive panoramic prospect. A manor court is held here every three weeks : the village is a constabulary police station, and has a dispensary. The parish comprises 349H statute acres. Agriculture is in an improving state ; limestone exists in abundance ; and there is a considerable quantity of bog, which, however, is capable of being reclaimed. Near the village is Marymount, a neat and improved seat. The living is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of Ossory, and in the patronage of the Crown: the tithe rent- charge is £1 1'2. 10. The parish likewise forms part of the perpetual curacy of Clomanto. In the Roman Catholic divisions it is the head of a district, comprising also the parish of Tubrid- Britain, with parts of those of Burnchurch and Clomanto, in which union are two chapels ; that of Urlingford is a very neat building. In the demesne of Marymount is a cromlech, once supported by three upright stone pillars, two of which, 8 feet high each, still remain in their original position at one end; the third has fallen : a flat stone underneath was broken in a search for money by the peasants, who, instead, found human bones. A rath in the neighbourhood is pecuUar, being of a square shape.

   Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 368

10. Cromlech at Tobinstown, Rathvilly

    Tobinstown · townland · Carlow

    On the townland of Tobinstown in Rathvilly parish stands a large cromlech with two eight-foot pillar-stones at the west end and a table-stone twenty-three feet long. A forty-yard avenue formed by small artificial hillocks leads to the entrance between the two tall uprights.

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    On the townland of Tobinstown is a cromlech : at the west end are two pillar-stones, eight feet high ; the table-stone is twenty-three feet long, and at the west end is eight feet broad, but at the other, which rests on small stones elevated about a foot from the ground, is only six. The thickness at the upper end is four feet, at the lower two ; the under surface is plain and even, but the upper is convex. Along the sides are several upright stones, of from three to six feet, rendering the space underneath an inclosed room, entered between the two tall uprights : from this entrance is a sort of avenue, forty yards long, formed by small irregular artificial hillocks. The whole is in a low plain field, near a rivulet, on the road from TuUow to Hacketstown. On the townland of Waterstown is a rude stone cross, seven feet high, where the parish church is supposed originally to have stood. Near the village is an old rath, from which the name of the place appears to have been taken. Here are remains of a religious house called Erchorn ; also a ruin of a church, called Cloughafaile.

    RATH WIRE, a village, in the parish of Killccan, union of Mvllingar, barony of Farbill, county of Westmeath, and province of Leinster, about 3 miles (X. N. W.) from Kinnegad, near the road to Killucan ; containing 258 inhabitants. The barony of Farbill was formerly called the manor of Rathwire ; it was granted by Edward I. to Mortimer, Earl of March, and afterwards by Edward III., in the ninth year of his reign, to Sir John D'Arcy, the then chief governor of Ireland. Here is a spacious Roman Catholic chapel, being one of the two belonging to the district of Killucan. Some ves- 3 O 2

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 254

11. Cromlech in Ballymagrorty

    near Ballymagrorty · population centre · Derry

    A small cromlech stands in Ballymagrorty, its table-stone measuring 4 feet by 3 feet. It is one of several antiquities noted in the parish of Templemore.

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    In Ballinagard demesne, on the western bank of the Foyle, is a rath measuring 73 yards by 60 ; it is surrounded by a fosse and parapet, and is now covered with trees. In Ballymagrorty is a small cromlech, the table-stone of which is 4 feet by 3 ; and on the summit of Holywell Hill are the remains of a cairn, about 40 feet in diameter, in the centre of which is a pit 3 feet square and 5 deep ; the rock of the mountain forms the bottom of this pit, and it is called the Holy well, from a small pool of rain-water being found in it, which is supposed to possess healing virtues. There are also two cairns of modern construction : one is called " Jenny's Cairn," being the spot where a young woman was murdered under very atrocious circumstances ; the other, in the bed of a rivulet, is called the " Priest's Burn," from a tradition that a priest was killed on the spot. The old church of Killea, in the townland of the same name, was one of the five chapels of ease to the mother church ; its foundations still remain, in a cemetery surrounded by an old stone wall. The church of Culmore, though a ruin, is of no great antiquity, having 4 C2

    TEMP

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 324

12. Cromlech in Kilternan House demesne

    Kiltiernan · townland · Dublin

    Within the demesne of Kilternan House stands a cromlech. Several raths also exist in the parish, along with remains of the ancient parish church described as a picturesque ruin of the earliest age.

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    The living is a vicarage, in the diocese of Dublin, united to that of Kilgobbin, and in the patronage of the Archbishop and the Archdeacon, the former having one and the latter two presentations ; the rectory is impropriate in Sir Compton Domville, Bart., C. Fitz-Sinion, Esq., and Mrs. Anderson. The tithe rent-charge of the vicarial benefice is £140. 18. 10. The glebe-house w-as built in 181.5, by a gift of £4.50 and a loan of £50 from the Board of First Fruits ; the glebe comprises 14 acres of profitable land. The church, a handsome edifice in the later English style, was erected in 1S26, at an expense of £ 1 900, of which £900 were a gift from the Board of First Fruits, £500 from Richard, Viscount Powerscourt, and £500 raised by assessment ; the Ecclesiastical Commissioners recently granted £181 for its repair. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish forms part of the union of Sandyford and Glancullen, at which latter place is a neat chapel, with a monastery founded in 1835 on a piece of ground given by Mr. Fitz- Simon. About 150 children are taught in two public schools ; one, at Glancullen, is supported by the National Board, and the other, at the Scalp, by subscription. Some remains exist of the ancient parish church, a picturesque ruin of the earliest age ; there are several raths, and in the demesne of Kilternan House is a cromlech. The Rev. Father O'Leary composed part of his works while on a visit with the Fitz-Simon family, at Glancullen, in this parish.

    KILTESKILL, a parish, partly in the barony of LoiOHREA, but chiefly in that of Leitrim, union of LouGHREA, county of Galway, and province of Connaught, 1 miles (S. ?:.") from Loughrea, on the road to Woodford ; containing SOI inhabitants. This parish is hounded on the south by the Slievebaughta mountains, and comprises 4695J statute acres. It is a vicarage, in 176

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 57

13. Cromlech in Loughscur demesne

    near Lough Scur · lake or lakes · Leitrim

    In Loughscur demesne stands a cromlech known to the peasantry as Leaba Dhearuda i Gréine, or 'Darby and Graine's Bed or Altar.' It is a named prehistoric monument associated with local folklore.

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    The living is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of Ardagh, and in the patronage of the Bishop : the tithe rent-charge is f 1S6. The glebe-house was erected by aid of a gift of £2,50, and a loan of £530, from the late Board of First Fruits, in 1825 : the glebe comprises 470 acres, about one-fourth of which is unprofitable land. The church is a plain building, erected by aid of a gift of £440 from the same Board in 1788, and recently repaired by a grant of £16S from the Ecclesiastical Commissioners. The Roman Catholic parish is coextensive with that of the Established Church, and is sometimes called Cashcarrigan ; there is a chapel on the townland of Rosgarbon. On an island in Lough Scur are the remains of Castle John, which was built by John Reynolds in the reign of Elizabeth, and frequently attacked by the O'Rourkes ; on another island are the ruins of a square fortress which was used for a prison by the Reynolds family. In Loughscur demesne is a cromlech called by the peasantry Lcaba Dcannud i Grnine, or " Darby and Graine's Bed or Altar. " There are some remains of an old church, with a burial-ground attached.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 57

14. Cromlech near Enniskerry

    Enniskerry · town · Wicklow

    A small cromlech is located near Enniskerry, one of the comparatively few vestiges of remote antiquity in County Wicklow.

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    The VESTIGES of remote antiquity are comparatively few. Near Enniskerry is a small cromlech, and another is to be seen on the summit of Lugnaquilla. Raths are numerous : there are a Druidical circle and a cromlech in Donoughmore ; a cromlech at Baltinglass ; and a curiously sculptured stone at Old Court, near Bray. Besides Glendalough, a collection of monastic ruins of peculiar antiquarian interest, there were eleven religious establishments ; those of which any remains exist are at Rathdrum, Baltinglass, and Wicklow. Ruins of churches are to be seen on Slieve Gadoe near Donard, at Kilcoole, Killeskey, Kilmacanogue, Aghold, Kilbride near Arklow, Killadreeny, Kilpipe, and Templemicbael ; besides slight vestiges of several others, all situated in ancient burial-places. The native septs do not appear to have erected any strong fortresses ; those of which remains exist were built by the English, and serve now to mark the districts in which they secured a permanent footing. The most remarkable are, the Black Castle at Wicklow, Newcastle, Dunganstown, Bray, Old Court near Fassaroe, Kindlestown and Rathdown near Delgany, Carnew, Arklow, Kiltimon, Ballivolan in the parish of Killeskey, Kilcommon and Knockrath near Rathdrum, Grange near Baltinglass, and Castle-Kevin near Annamoe.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 406

15. Cromlech near Kilbarry marsh

    Kilbarry · townland · Waterford

    A very fine cromlech stands on the opposite side of the marsh near the preceptory ruins at Kilbarry, near Waterford.

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    KILBARRY, a parish, in the ancient county of the city of Waterford, union of Waterford, and province of MuNSTER, 1 mile (S.) from Waterford, on the road to Tramore ; containing 60.5 inhabitants. A preceptory of Knights Templars was founded here in the 12th century, on the dissolution of which order it was given to the Knights Hospitallers. The ruins shew that it consisted of a dwelling-house connected with a chapel. On the opposite side of the marsh near which they stand is a very fine cromlech. The parish contains 2631 statute acres, part of which is arable, and the rest a marsh, which, being under water the greater part of the year, renders the vicinity extremely unhealthy ; it is, however, proposed to cut a canal, for the double purpose of draining it and facilitating the conveyance of agricultural produce and manure. The living is an impropriate cure, in the diocese of Waterford, and in the gift of G. L. Fox, Esq., in whom the rectory is impropriate : the tithe rent-charge is £116. .5., payable to the impropriator, who allows £5 to the curate of St. Patrick's, Waterford, for the performance of the clerical duties.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 13

16. Cromlech remains near Enniskerry

    Enniskerry · town · Wicklow

    On a hill to the west of Enniskerry stand the remains of a cromlech, a prehistoric megalithic monument. The site is noted among the antiquities of the parish connected to Bray and Delgany.

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    every Sunday. An estate in the county of Longford was bequeathed by F. Adair, Esq., to the ecclesiastical unions of Bray and Delgany and to this parish, onethird each, for charitable purposes. There are ruins of ancient churches at Churchtown and Killegar ; and on a hill to the west of Enniskerry are the remains of a cromlech.

    POWERSTOWN, a parish, in the barony of Gow- RAN, union and county of Kilkenny, and province of Leinster, 3 miles (S. E. by S.) from Gowran, and on the road from Kilkenny to Graig ; containing 1730 inhabitants. This parish comprises 54325 statute acres ; the greater portion is arable and pasture land, about one-half being under tillage. On the lands of Curraghlane, yellow ochre of good quality is procured ; and at Mount Loftus is an extensive quarry in which is raised excellent granite of a beautiful light-yellow colour, fine-grained, and very compact ; it may be raised in blocks of very large size, and is mostly used for gatepillars and for buildings. Mount Loftus, the seat of Sir Francis Hamilton Loftus, Bart., is situated on an eminence commanding an extensive view. A constabulary police force is stationed In the parish. The living is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of Leighlin, and in the alternate patronage of the Crown and the Bishop : the tithe rent-charge is £337- 10. The glebe-house, built in 1820, and towards which the Board of First Fruits contributed £100 and a loan of £900, is a good residence ; the glebe comprises 1 1 acres. The church is a small neat edifice. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish forms part of the union of Graig ; the chapel, a neat edifice, was erected about 20 years since.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 233

17. Cromlechs at Slaght-Manus and neighbouring sites

    Slaghtmanus · townland · Derry

    Several cromlechs are noted across the county, including at Slaght-Manus, Letter-Shandenny, Slaghtaverty, and Bally-na-screen, some originally surrounded by circles of upright stones.

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    Remains of its ancient inhabitants of every period are scattered over the county. There is a cromlech at Slaght-Manus, another at Letter- Shandenny, a third at Slaghtaverty, and others at Bally-na-screen : some were originally surrounded by a circle of upright stones. There are remains of sepulchral mounts or tumuli at Mullagh-cross, and a vast tumulus is seen at Dovine, between Newtown-Limavady and Coleraine ; besides several of smaller dimensions. Numerous cairns are met with in every quarter, especially on the summits of the mountains. Near Dungiven is a very remarkable sepulchral pillar. Raths or Danish forts are likewise scattered, iu chains, in every direction, each being generally within sight of two others : the most remarkable is that called the Giant's Sconce, anciently commanding the communication between the districts of Newtown and Coleraine. Ditches, inclosing spaces of from half a rood to several acres, are discernible contiguous to these forts. There is a curious mound surrounded with a moat on the road from Springhill to Lough Neagh ; and another, of larger size, at Dungorkin, on the road from Cumber- Claudy through Loughermore. Ancient intrenchments of differeut character are seen at Prospect, and between Gortnagasan and Cathery. Various coins, pins, rings, and forks have been found about a moat near Lough Neagh ; and, among other ancient instruments, quern-stones have often been discovered. Hatchets made of hard basalt, spears of grey granite, and barbed arrow-heads of flint (the last sometimes neatly executed, and vulgarly called elf-stones), are very frequently found. Sometimes gold and silver coins, fibulae, and gorgets, with other ornaments, are dug up ; but these are rare. There are many artificial caverns, which seem to have been de- '259

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 97

18. Cromlechs in barony of Gaultier and beyond

    Dunhill · townland · Waterford

    Cromlechs exist in the barony of Gaultier within five miles of Waterford, as well as on Kilmacombe hill, on Sugar-loaf hill near Reisk, at Dunhill, and at Gurteen. These megalithic tombs are notable antiquities of the region.

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    are remarkable ratlis on the hill of Lismore, at Rathgormuck, in the parish of Kinsalebeg, near Youghal, and at Ardmore, the remains of which last show it to have been of great extent : many others of less note are dispersed in various quarters. Circular intrenchments, consisting of a small area, defended by a rampart and fosse, and called in the language of the country lis, " a fortified residence," are very numerous, and appear to form with each other branches from more important stations that formerly existed at Waterford, Lismore, Dungarvan, and Ardmore. One of the sepulchral mounts called in England " barrows," and here " duns," is to be seen to the west of Dungarvan ; and many others occur in different parts. A large double trench, called by the Irish Riun-ho-Padriuc, " the trench of St. Patrick's cow," commences to the east of Knockmeledown, and runs in nearly a direct line across the Blackwater, and through the deer-park of Lismore, towards Ardmore, being traceable for sixteen or eighteen miles ; it corresponds exactly with that extraordinary work called " The Danes' Cast," which runs through the counties of Armagh and Down. A second trench from Cappoquin, through the plain along the side of the mountains westward into the county of Cork, is called by the peasantry Clee-duff. Cromlechs exist in the barony of Gaultier, within five miles of Waterford ; on Kilmacombe hill ; on Sugar-loaf hill, near Reisk ; at Dunhill; Gurteen ; near Stradbally ; and other places. There appear to have formerly existed, within the limits of the county, 24 religious establishments ; but at present vestiges remain of the buildings of those only of MothiU, Dungarvan, Stradbally, Lismore, and Ardmore. The castles and fortified houses were very numerous : there still exist (some of them entire, and the rest in ruins) that of Lismore, one on the Little Island, one at Crook, Cullen Castle, and those of Carrickbcg, Ballyclough, Feddens, Clonea, Darinlar, Dungarvan, Modeligo, Kilbree, Strancally, Conagh, and Castlereagh. The princely castle of Lismore, the mansion of the Duke of Devonshire, and that of Curraghmore, the seat of the Marquess of Waterford, with which is embodied the ancient castle of that place, are, with the other mansions and seats of the nobility and gentry worthy of particular notice, described in the accounts of the parishes in which they are respectively situated.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 376

19. Cromwell expelled Spaniards from Valentia and fortified harbour

    near Valencia Island · island or archipelago · Kerry · 1649–1658

    Oliver Cromwell expelled the Spaniards who had occupied Valentia for a considerable time for purposes of piracy. He erected forts at each entrance of the harbour and made it a station for troops and frigates to defend the coast.

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    VALENCIA, an island, and a parish called also Kilmore, in the union of Cahirciveen, barony of Iveragh, county of Kerry, and province of Munster, 4 miles (S. W.) from Cahirciveen, and 184f (S. W.) from Dublin; containing 2920 inhabitants. The island lies in a direction from north-east to south-west, along the coast of Kerry, from which it is separated on the north, east, and south by Valencia harbour, the Atlantic washing the other side. The spacious harbour thus formed by the island may be entered from the north and from the west ; it is land-locked, extremely well sheltered, and has deep water and excellent holding-ground ; to the north of the island is Beg-innis or Begnis Island, which see. Oliver Cromwell having expelled the Spaniards, who had occupied Valencia for a considerable time for purposes of piracy, erected forts at each entrance, and made it a station for troops and frigates to defend the

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 369

20. Cromwell land grants at Templetrine, Cork

    Templetrine · parish · Cork · 1649–1658

    Three tracts of land in the western part of Templetrine parish—Boggestown, Rochestown, and Hackestown, of 100, 200, and 300 acres respectively—were granted by Cromwell to the parties whose names they still bear.

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    entrance to the bay of Kilbrittain, comprises 48*4 statute acres. In the western part are three tracts of land, called Boggestown, Rochestown, and Hacketstown, containing respectively 100, '200, and 300 acres each J they extend in parallel directions to the sea, and were granted by Cromwell to the several parties whose names they still bear. The surface of the parish is very uneven, rising in some parts into considerable eminences ; about 150 acres are woodland, 100 waste, and 50 bog, and of the remainder the principal part is under tillage. The soil is fertile, and the system of agriculture has been greatly improved under the auspices of the resident gentry and principal farmers, who have introduced the Scottish mode of husbandry : there are some quarries of excellent slate, but very indifferently worked ; and also of a soft shaly schist, which is raised for repairing the roads and for inferior buildings. The principal seats are, Garretstown, a handsome house in beautiful grounds laid out in terraces, gardens, and shrubberies, with extensive plantations ; Kilmore ; and Knockanroe. The population are occasionally employed in the fisheries off the coast.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 328

21. Cromwell lodged at Johnstown Castle before attacking Wexford

    Johnstown Castle · castle · Wexford · 1649

    Johnstown Castle in the parish of Rathaspeck, Wexford, was occupied for one night by Oliver Cromwell, who reviewed his troops in the demesne the following morning before his attack on Wexford. The mansion was later enlarged in the Gothic style by Hamilton Knox Grogan Morgan, the principal proprietor of the district.

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    RATHASPECK, a parish, in the barony of Forth, union and county of Wexford, and province of Lein- STER, 2i miles (S. by W.) from Wexford ; containing 737 inhabitants. It is situated between Forth mountain and AVexford haven, and comprises 2804^ statute acres of good land, which, from the great encouragement afforded by the proprietor, is in an excellent state of cultivation : marl abounds in the parish, and limestone for agricultural purposes is obtained from the adjoining parish of Rathmacknee. Johnstown Castle, the noble mansion of Hamilton Knox Grogan Morgan, Esq., the principal proprietor of the surrounding district, was occupied for one night by Oliver Cromwell, who on the following morning reviewed his troops in the demesne, preparatory to his attack on Wexford. The present house has been greatly enlarged and embellished in the Gothic style, and the extensive demesne has been much improved, and laid out with great taste. At the village of Rathaspeck is a station of the constabulary police.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 245

22. Cromwell put Wexford garrison to the sword

    Wexford · town · Wexford · 1649

    In 1649 the county was reduced to submission by Cromwell, who put the garrison of Wexford to the sword in the same sanguinary manner as Drogheda had been treated.

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    In the year 1571 the people of this county had a feud with the Kavanaghs of Carlow, in which 30 gentlemen of rank in Wexford were killed ; but it led to no important consequences. In the civil war which broke out in 1641, this was the scene of important military operations : the Marquess of Ormonde was repulsed in the early part of it, from before New Ross. Duncannou Fort was afterwards taken by the Roman Catholic party, who thus became masters of the whole ; but in I6l9the county was reduced to submission by Cromwell, who put the garrison of Wexford to the sword in the same sanguinary manner in which Drogheda had been treated. In the war of the Revolution it was much less distinguished; and from this period the history of the county presents a perfect blank, until 179H, when it acquired a melancholy notoriety as the chief seat of the insurrection of that year.

    In the month of April, 1798, the county was subjected to martial law, in consequence of the suspicions of the secret organization of the society of United Irishmen, which had already pervaded most of the other counties, having been extended to it ; but it was not until after actual hostilities had broken out in other parts, that any military force was sent hither. The burning of the chapel of Boulavogue, in the parish of Kilcorrauck, by the military, and the cruel treatment of the peasantry in order to force them to confess their guilt, hastened the assembly of the people in arms on the two neighbouring hills of Oulart and Kilmacthomas. They were immediately driven from the latter position with some loss ; but at the former they routed and cut to pieces the detachment of the military sent to disperse them. Increasing now in numbers and in confidence, the insurgents attacked Enniscorthy the next day, and forced the garrison to fall back upon Wexford. Having at the same time cut off a party of infantry and artillery that was advancing from Duncannon Fort to strengthen

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 392

23. Cromwell reduces Lady's Island castle, 1649

    Lady's Island · townland · Wexford · 1649

    Cromwell, immediately after landing in the bay of Rosslare in 1649, sent a party to reduce the castle at Lady's Island, which at once surrendered. A convent of Augustinian friars founded about 200 years before was plundered, and the fraternity, refusing to bear arms against their country, were put to the sword.

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    MARY'S, ST., or Lady's-Island, a parish, in the barony of Forth, union and county of Wexford, and province of Leinster, \ a mile (S.) from Broadway, on the road to Carnsore Point ; containing 289 inhabitants. On the subdivision of the territories acquired by Strongbow, this place became the property of Rodolph, son of Milo de Lamporte (ancestor of the Lamberts of this county), who built a strong castle on the peninsula in Lough Tay, or Lady's Island lake, which is traditionally said to have been the object of several hostile attacks. Cromwell, immediately after his landing in the bay of Rosslare, in 1649, sent a party to reduce it, to which it at once surrendered. On this occasion, a convent of Augustinian friars, which had been founded about 200 years before, was plundered, and the fraternity, refusing to bear arms against their country, put to the sword. The remains of the fortress, of which all that was destructible by fire was consumed, consist principally of a square tower, supposed from its materials to be of more recent date

    MASS

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 139

24. Cromwell's commissioners ban Catholic trade in Waterford

    Waterford · city · Waterford · 1649–1656

    From the Cromwellian period until 1656, Waterford was governed by commissioners who prohibited Roman Catholics from trading and established high courts of justice to try persons connected with the 1641 massacre. Public works including quays, streets, and roads were improved under this authority.

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    From this period till the year J656, the old government by mayor and sheriffs was superseded by a government of commissioners appointed by Cromwell, whose most devoted partisans had supreme power in the city. Under these commissioners, orders were issued prohibiting Roman Catholics from trading either within or without doors ; high courts of justice were instituted here as in other cities, for the trial of persons concerned in the massacre of 1641 ; and under this usurped authority the public buildings, quays, streets, roads, and other works, were generally improved. Colonel Lawrence, the first governor under the parliament, was succeeded in that office by Colonel Leigh, to whom, and to the justices of the peace, the lord-deputy and council issued an order to apprehend forthwith all Quakers resorting to Waterford, and to ship them either from the port or from Passage, to Bristol, to be committed to the care of that city. On the Restoration, Richard Power was appointed governor of the county and city of Waterford ; and on the revival of the corporation, the inhabitants petitioned the Duke (late Marquess) of Ormonde to be admitted to the enjoyment of the franchise, notwithstanding religious differences ; but so far from obtaining this object, it was ordered by the lord-lieutenant and council, in I67S, that, with the exception of some merchants, artificers, and others, they should be expelled from the city, though many were re-admitted. During the interval of peace from 1664 to I6SI, the trade of the port continued to increase rapidly; the duties paid at the custom-house, at the former period, amounted to £7044, and at the latter to £14,826.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 381

25. Cromwell seizes Passage fort during Waterford siege, 1649

    Passage East · townland · Waterford · 1649

    Cromwell crossed the Suir to besiege Waterford in October 1649. He dispatched troops to Passage, about six miles south, where they seized the fort commanding the river, cutting off Waterford's communication with the harbour entrance. General Farrel's attempt to recover Passage was driven back, and Cromwell ultimately raised the siege after losing about 1000 men.

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    During the civil war which commenced in 1641, Waterford experienced its full share of calamity. At the commencement of that year the city was, without any effort for its defence, surrendered to the son of Lord Mountgarret ; and the country around was laid waste by the insurgents, to whose cause the inhabitants were so attached, that the confederate Catholics had their printing-press here, under the conduct of a man named Bourke. In 1646, the pope's nuncio, with a view of setting aside the peace which had been concluded between the contending parties, summoned all the Roman Catholic clergy to Waterford, on the ground of an apostolic visitation, and for the purpose of holding a national synod. But so opposed to the measure were the inhabitants, fearing it might compromise the interests of their religion, that when the heralds came from Dublin to proclaim it, no one would shew them the mayor's house ; nor could they, after three days' stay, obtain from the proper functionaries any other answer than that the peace ought first to have been proclaimed in Kilkenny. In 1649, Cro.mwell, having surprised Carrick, crossed the Suir to besiege Waterford ; and although his army, from the fatigue it had undergone, did not amount to more than 5000 foot, 2000 horse, and 500 dragoons, the terror of his approach had such an effect on the citizens, who had refused to accept the troops offered to them by the JI.\rq.uess of Ormonde, that they sent to consult that nobleman about the conditions on which they should surrender the city. The marquess, however, assuring them that it rested only with themselves to do their duty and ensure their safety, they gladly accepted a reinforcement of 1500 men under General Farrel, and began to prepare for their defence. The siege commenced on the 3rd of October ; and Ormonde, struggling against desertion and other diRRculties, kept together some forces, with which he hovered between the city and Clonmel. Being surrounded with batteries and other fortifications, the city was thought to be sufficiently defended ; and Cromwell therefore adopted the plan of a tedious investment as the best mode of attack. On the 'iSrd, however, he despatched six troops of dragoons and four of horse to the town of Passage, about six miles to the south, and these taking possession of the fort which commanded the river at that place, the communication between Waterford and the entrance of the harbour was cut off. The serious inconveniences resulting from the occupation of this post by the enemy, rendered it necessary to make an attempt for its recovery, for which purpose General Farrel marched with some troops, ex- 637

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 381

26. Cromwell's encampment on high hill in Kilmore parish

    Kilmore · townland · Armagh · 1649–1653

    On a high hill in the parish of Kilmore, Cromwell is said to have had an encampment, preserving a local tradition linking the area to the Cromwellian campaign.

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    house was built in 1793 by the then incumbent, at a cost exceeding £1/00, towards which the Board of First Fruits contributed £100; it is a spacious and handsome residence, situated in grounds tastefully disposed: the glebe comprises 679 acres of profitable land. The church, with the exception of the ancient tower, was rebuilt in 1S14, at an expense of £2800, of which £'^000 were a loan from the Board; and in 1825 the massive square tower was surmounted by a lofty octagonal spire covered with copper, at an expense of £300, of which half was defrayed by the rector and the remainder by subscription : the edifice occupies a commanding eminence, and is seen to great advantage at a distance. A church was built in 1775 at Mullavilly, for the accommodation of the parishioners in that part of the parish : the living is a perpetual curacy, in the patronage of the rector. The income of the perpetual curate amounts to £94. 4. 7|., of which £69- 4.75are paid by the rector of Kilmore, and £25 out of Primate Boulter's Augmentation fund ; the glebe-house was built by aid of a gift of £450 and a loan of £50, in 1812, from the Board of First Fruits. The Roman Catholic parish is co-extensive with that of the Established Church ; there are two chapels, both small buildings, situated respectively at Richhill and Mullavilly. There are also places of worship for Presbyterians in connexion with the General Assembly, for the Society of Friends, and Independents. Of several public schools, two are supported by the rector, two by the trustees of Erasmus Smith's fund, and one by Miss Richardson, of Richhill Castle ; two are endowed with an acre of land each by the rector, who also built the school- houses. A payment of £3. 1. 6. is annually made to the poor, arising from land near the village, called the Honey-Pot field ; and Mr. Atkinson, of Greenhall, in 1827, bequeathed £50, the interest of which is annually divided by the rector among the Protestant poor. There are a mendicity association, and a voluntarj' poor fund. In the townland of Castle-Roe are extensive ruins of the castle which gave name to the district, and which is said to have been founded by Rory O'Nial in the reign of Elizabeth ; it occupied a lofty eminence, commanding the entire country. The former glebe-house was part of the ancient abbey, and contained several dormitories and cells with narrow lights and very massive walls ; but the only vestige of the abbey is the holy well, inclosed in the rector's garden. On a high hill in the parish, Cromwell is said to have had an encampment.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 47

27. Cromwell's Fort and Gallows'-Green: military remains and royal associations

    Limerick · city · Limerick · 1834

    Two forts near Gallows'-Green, about a mile from Limerick city, were occupied successively by Cromwell and William III. During excavation in 1834 for water-works tanks on the site, skeletons, cannon and musket balls, armour, and other military remains were discovered.

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    The Streets in the New Town, which are spacious, intersect each other at right angles, and are occupied by elegant houses, splendid and well-stocked shops, and merchants' stores. Patrick-street, George-street, and the Crescent form a continuous line of houses, extending about a mile from the New bridge. The city was till lately lighted with gas under a contract made in 1824 with the United London Gas Company ; the original engagement was confined to the New Town, but it was extended by the liberality of the corporation to the Irish town and Dublin road, and by private subscriptions to part of the English Town. The Gas Consumers' Company, of more recent establishment, and of which the chief shareholders are citizens, now lights the public streets ; and the terms for lighting in shops have been much reduced by the competition of the rival companies. Works for supplying Limerick with water were commenced in 1S34 by a London company : there are two tanks about a mile from the city, at Cromwell's- Fort, near Gallows'-Green, on the site of two forts occupied by Cromwell and William III. ; their elevation is 50 feet above the highest part of the city, and 72 feet above the river, from which the water is raised through a metal pipe 12 inches in diameter by two steam-engines, each of 20-horse power. In excavating for a foundation for the tanks, several skeletons, cannon and musket balls, armour, and divers remains of military weapons were found ; and in forming the new line of road along the Shannon, on the county of Clare side, heaps of skeletons were found, some of which were 15 yards in length and 6 feet in depth ; they are supposed to be the remains of those who died in the great plague. In military arrangements. Limerick is the head-quarters of the south-western district, which com'prises the counties of Clare and Limerick, with the town of Mount- Shannon, in the county of Galway ; the county of Tipperary, except the barony of Lower Ormond, but including the town of Nenagh ; and that part of the county of Kerry north of the Flesk. There are four barracks ; the Castle barrack, in the English Town, for infantry, capable of accommodating 17 officers and 270 non-commissioned officers and privates, with an hospital for 29 patients ; the Neir barrack, on the outside of Nevvtown-Pery, adapted for 37 officers, and 71-i infantry and cavalry, and 54 horses, with an hospital for 60 patients ; the Artillery barrack, in the Irish Town, for 6 officers, 194 men, and 104 horses, with an hospital for 35 patients ; and an Infantry barrack, in St. John'ssquare, for 4 officers and 107 men : a military prison, lately built in the New barrack, has six cells.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 77

28. Cromwell's Fort and the White Rocks above Wexford

    Wexford · town · Wexford · 1649

    Cromwell's-Fort, at the northern end of the rugged White Rocks, marks the spot from which Oliver Cromwell bombarded Wexford town in 1649. The site is now being actively quarried for building stone.

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    MICHAEL'S, ST., of FEAGH, a parish, in the barony of Forth, union and county of Wexford, and province of Leinster, immediately without the walls of the town of Wexford ; containing 2213 inhabitants. This parish, which contains only 991 statute acres, forms the south-eastern suburb of the town, and is mostly occupied by fishermen and small shopkeepers. Within its limits is Cromwell's-Fort, the northern extremity of a rugged tract called the White Rocks, whence Cromwell fired on the town in 1649; it is now being quarried, and affords an abundant supply of good building-stone. Immediately adjoining is a residence to which it gives name. The Wexford Barracks are also within the limits of the parish. It is an impropriate cure, in the diocese of Ferns, forming part of the union of St. Patrick's, Wexford ; the rectory is impropriate in the Colclough family, and the tithe rent-charge is £8. 12., of which £1. 15. are payable to the impropriator, and the remainder to the curate. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish is also in the union or district of Wexford. The ruins of the church still remain.

    MIDDLETOWN; a market-town and district parish, in the barony of Turaney, union and county of Armagh, and province of Ulster, 2 miles (S. S. W.) from Tynan, and on the high road from Armagh to Mona-

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 151

29. Cromwell's residence at Youghal

    Youghal · town · Cork

    Among the thick-walled buildings of Youghal is one in which Cromwell took up his residence during his stay at the town. This is noted alongside other historically significant houses.

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    are of extraordinary thickness : among them is one said to have been that of Coppinger, the mayor who was hanged before his own door ; also one in which Cromwell took up his residence during his stay at Youghal. A great quantity of silver coins was found here in 1830 ; the number could not be ascertained, but more than 400 oz. were sold as old silver in Cork ; they were mostly pence and half groats of Edward I., and also some halfpennies of the same reign. In 1818, several pieces of stamped pewter of the size of halfcrowns and shillings were found near the walls, which had evidently been made and passed as money. Many remains of crosses, croziers, and other ornaments, worn by the monks and friars, were found in 1817, when sinking the foundations for the chapel of ease, on the site of the old South Abbey. On the old Cork road, near Mary Ville, the property of Mr. Taylor, are the remains of an ancient Danish fort, which runs under ground nearly a mile. There are two chalybeate springs, one on the Spa road near the fever hospital, and the other at the quarry near the Waterford road, which are but seldom used. The Earl of Cork and Orrery, among his inferior titles in the peerage of Ireland, enjoys that of Baron Boyle, of Youghal, conferred upon his lordship in September, 1616.

    YOUGHAL-ARRA, a parish, in the union of Ne- XAGH, barony of Owney and Arra, county of Tippe- RARY, and province of Munster, 4^ miles (W.) from Nenagh, and on the river Shannon; containing SS'il inhabitants. This parish is situated at the junction of the counties of Clare and Galway, where the Shannon expands and forms Lough Derg ; it comprises 8356 6S4

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 416

30. Cromwell takes and demolishes Knocktopher Castle, 1649

    Knocktopher · parish · Kilkenny · 1649

    The castle at Knocktopher was taken in 1649 by parliamentarian forces commanded by Cromwell in person, and by his orders was immediately demolished. No remains of the castle exist, but the mount and fosse are still entire.

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    KNOCKTOPHER, a town and parish (formerly a parliamentary borough), in the union of Callan, barony of Knocktopher, county of Kilkenny, and province of Leinster, 10 miles (S.) from Kilkenny, on the road to Waterford ; containing. 1968 inhabitants, of whom 46/ are in the town or village. This place was the principal residence of the Butlers, earls of Ormonde, of whom James, the second earl, in 1356, founded a monastery for Carmelite friars : the first prior, Henry Brown, received two parts of the temporahties of the see of Ossory, then in the king's hands ; and the last prior, William, was made bishop of that diocese by Edward VI. The site and revenues of the establishment, at the Dissolution, were granted by Henry VIII. to Patrick Barnwell ; and a regrant of the abbey and lands was made by James I. to Sir Nicholas White, Knt., from whose representatives the ancestor of the present proprietor, the Rev. Sir Hercules Richard Langrishe, purchased them. In 1365, the same Earl of Ormonde obtained from Edward III. the grant of a weekly market and several fairs ; and the town appears to have enjoyed the privileges of a free borough by a kind of prescriptive right, which was acknowledged in a charter of James II. that never came into operation. The castle was taken in 1649 by the parliamentarian forces, commanded by Cromwell in person, aud by his orders was immediately demolished. Knocktopher first sent members to the Irish parliament in l66l, and continued to do so till the Union, when the borough was disfranchised. The inhabitants by prescription chose a portreeve, chiefly for the election of their representatives, and in the charter of James II. the corporation is styled the " Sovereign, Burgesses, and Commonalty ;" but since the Union every municipal right has become extinct. The place is at present merely a village, containing 80 houses, of which several are neatly built ; and has a post-office, and a constabulary police station. Both market and fair have been discontinued.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 62

31. Cromwell takes New Ross, 1649

    New Ross · town · Wexford · 1649

    Cromwell invested New Ross in 1649 after taking Wexford; the town surrendered without resistance despite Ormonde's defensive preparations. The gate through which his troops entered was renamed Three-Bullet Gate after three cannon-shot were fired as the signal for demanding surrender.

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    fought in the neighbourhood, in which the Duke obtained a signal victory, and the Irish in their flight broke down the bridge of Ross to prevent his pursuit. On the arrival of Cromwell in 1649, Ormonde, after garrisoning Wexford, threw himself into this town, which he also supplied with the means of defence. Cromwell, having taken the former town, invested Ross, which, notwithstanding the duke's precautionary measures for its defence, surrendered without resistance upon articles, and its fortifications were immediately dismantled. The gate through which his troops entered was afterwards called Three-Bullet gate, instead of its former name, Bewley-gate, from the circumstance of three cannon-shot fired against it having been the signal for demanding a surrender : the shot were found a few years after in the walls of the gateway, and are in the possession of Joseph Deane, Esq., of Stokestown. During the disturbances of 1*98, the town was the scene of a most sanguinary conflict between the king's troops and the insurgents, the latter of whom, after ten hours' severe fighting, during which they had possession of part of the town for some time, were ultimately defeated with great slaughter. Lord Mountjoy, who commanded the county of Dublin militia, was killed at the Three-Bullet gate during the engagement.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 264

32. Cromwell takes Wexford and gives it up to military execution

    Wexford · town · Wexford · 1649

    In 1649 Cromwell's troops gained admission to Wexford by force or through the treachery of Governor Stafford, and the town was given up to military execution as Drogheda had been. The castle and much corporation property were confiscated.

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    victorious earl held a parliament in the town next year. The lordship, which had been conveyed, through the female line, to Richard Talbot, who married the only daughter of Adomar de Valence, continued in the possession of his descendants, until forfeited in the '28th of Henry VIII., under the act against absentees. By a charter of James I., iu 1608, the castle aud borough were granted to the corporation at an annual rent. Upon the breaking out of the war of 1641, Wexford was one of the first places that fell into the hands of the insurgents, and became their chief port for receiving military supplies from other countries. On hearing of the approach of Cromwell, in 1649, the inhabitants at first refused to admit any troops on the part of the king, but afterwards consented to receive 2000 Roman Catholics sent by the Marquess of Ormonde : the aid, however, was useless, for Cromwell's troops gained admission either by force or through the treachery of Stafford, the governor ; and the town was given up to military execution, as had been the case with Drogheda. The castle, and much of the corporation property, were confiscated at this period. After the battle of the Boyne, the town declared for William III., and was garrisoned by his troops.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 398

33. Crotto House and Glenballema amphitheatre near Kilflyn

    Kilflyn · parish · Kerry

    Crotto House, the seat of T. Ponsonby, Esq., stands in an extensive and finely wooded demesne extending into Kiltoomy parish. From a bridge over the river Shannow, Glenballema presents the form of an amphitheatre with a highly picturesque effect.

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    KILFLYN, or Kilflin, a parish, in the union of LisTowEL, barony of Clanmaurice, county of Kerry, and province of Munster, 6 miles (N. N. E.) from Tralee, on the upper road to Listowel ; containing 1088 inhabitants, of whom 147 are in the village. It comprises 6697 statute acres, of which upwards of one-half consists of coarse mountain pasture ; the remainder, with the exception of about 270 acres of bog, is good arable land. A vein of limestone extends into this parish from Kilfeighney, but at too great a depth to be properly worked : coal is also supposed to exist. A patent for fairs on May 11th and 12th, July Sth and 9th, Oct. 7th and Sth, and Nov. 5th and 6th, granted by Charles II., has been revived by T. Ponsonby, Esq., whose seat, Crotto House, is situated in an extensive and finely wooded demesne, which extends into the parish of Kiltoomy. From a bridge over the small river Shannow, Glenballema, which here presents the form of an amphitheatre, has a highly picturesque effect. The living is a vicarage, in the diocese of Ardfert and Aghadoe, united about 1750 to those of Kiltooray, Killaghin, Kilshinane, Baliinacourty, Minard, and Stradbally, together constituting the union of Kilflyn, in the patronage of the Earl of Cork. The tithe rent-charge of the parish is £63. 14., payable in equal portions to the impropriator and the vicar ; and the tithe of the entire union of the vicar is £412. 7. 6. The church, a plain structure, was erected in ISll, £S00 being given by the Board of First Fruits ; and the Ecclesiastical Commissioners lately granted £217 for its repair and the erection of a tower. The glebe-house of the union is at Baliinacourty ; and there are also a church, and a glebe of 10 acres, at Baliinacourty, which now generally gives name to the union. In the Roman Catholic divisions this 61

    parish forms part of the district of Abbeydorney : the chapel is a plain building. Some vestiges exist of the old church ; and at Kill is a holy well, still frequented by the peasantry for devotional purposes.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 25

34. Crouched friars and Dominican friary at Athy

    Athy · town · Kildare

    Athy was the site of two monastic institutions: one for Crouched friars and another for Dominicans. These were among the many celebrated and richly endowed monastic institutions in County Kildare.

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    There were many celebrated and richly endowed monastic institutions in the county. At Athy was one for Crouched friars and another for Dominicans. Castledermot possessed a priory for Regular Canons, a house of Crouched friars, and a Franciscan abbey, the ruins of which last still serve to attest its former magnificence. The ruins of another Franciscan abbey are to be seen at Clane, where was also a house for Regular Canons. At Graney are the ruins of an Augustinian nunnery ; and a gateway and some other remains of a monastic building, said to have belonged to the Knights Templars, are still shewn there. The ruins of Great Connell Abbey are on the banks of the Liffey, near Newbridge. In Kildare was a nunnery and abbey united, founded by St. Bridget, and of which the ruins are still pointed out ; also an abbey of Grey friars, situated south of the town, and a house of Carmelites or White friars. At Old Kilcullen is a monastery as old as the time of St. Patrick, which in 11 15 was elevated to the dignity of an episcopal see ; but it does not appear that it long retained that rank. Near the ruins of the old church are the remains of two crosses, one of which still retains some very curious specimens of ancient sculpture. Maynooth had a convent of Black nuns, and a college of priests founded by the Earl of Kildare ; the abbey of Killossy has been converted into the parish church, and is remarkable for the singularity of the architecture of its steeple tower ; the monastery of Kilrush was surrounded by a broad ditch faced with masonry ten feet high ; the abbey of Monastereven has been converted into the residence of the Moore family, the representative of which is the Marquess of Drogheda. At Moone was a Franciscan friary, the brotherhood of which retained possession of it subsequently to the Reformation : here is a fragment of a very old cross, one of the most curious in Ireland, covered with numerous grotesque figures. In Naas were three religious establishments ; namely, a convent of Augustiniaus, another of Dominicans, and one for friars Eremites of the order of St. Augustine. Some remains

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 20

35. Crouched Friars priory ruins, Kilkenny-West

    Kilkenny West · townland · Westmeath · 1200–1225

    A priory or hospital of Crouched friars was erected at the beginning of the 13th century in Kilkenny-West by Friar Thomas, grandson of Sir Thomas Dillon. Some of its ruins still exist in the parish.

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    KILKENNY-WEST, a parish, in the union of Ath- LONE, barony of Kilkenny-Wkst, county of West- MEATH, and province of Leinster, 5^ miles (N. E. by N.) from Athlone, on the road from that place to Ballymahon J containing 3489 inhabitants. An abbey anciently existed here, one of the abbots of which, St. Scannail, died in 7*3 : it was, with its possessions, granted in 1.569 to Robert Dillon, in capite, at the annual rent of £22. 0. 10. A priory, or hospital, of Crouched friars was erected at the beginning of the 13th century, by Friar Thomas, grandson of Sir Thomas Dillon, and some of its ruins still exist. In 1335, the grand priory of Kilmainham had an exempt hospital here ; and there was a holy well, dedicated to the Blessed Virgin. At Bethlem, near Lough Rce, was formerly a nunnery, which was plundered and burnt in 1642, by some English soldiers, who were attacked the same night, by the peasantry and 60 of them killed. Sir James Dillon encamped in the parish in that year, to blockade Athlone. The PARISH is bounded on the west for a considerable distance by Lough Ree, which contains several islets, the largest of them being Friars' Island. It comprises 10,048 statute acres, two-thirds arable and one-third pasture ; there are about 640 acres of bog. Agriculture is improving, and here are good limestone-quarries. A considerable part is occupied by the fine demesne of Waterstown, which includes a beautiful lake and the ruins of an ancient castle : the other seats are Rossiana, East Hill, Annagh, Oatlands, Auburn, and Littleton. The living is a rectory, in the diocese of Meath, and in the patronage of the Marquess of Drogheda and R. Butler Bryan, Esq. ; the tithe rent-charge is £207. 13.8. The church has been rebuilt by the Ecclesiastical Commissioners, at a cost of £481. The glebe-house was built by aid of a gift of £300 and a loan of £500 from the Board of First Fruits, in 1813 ; the glebe comprises 15 acres. In the Roman Catholic divisions this parish forms part of the district of Noughoval, and has a spacious chapel. Here are the remains of an old castle, formerly belonging to Lord Dillon, and which was destroyed by Cromwell. The father of Oliver Goldsmith was appointed to this rectory in 1730, and resided at Lissoy, where the poet was first sent to school : his brother, to whom he dedicated the poem of The Traveller, was curate here, and his sister and brother- in-

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 32

36. Crovehy mountain in Templecroan parish

    Crovehy · townland · Donegal

    The mountain of Crovehy rises 1033 feet above sea level in the parish of Templecroan. Indications of iron-ore may be observed in the precipitous face of the mountains in this district.

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    is bounded on the north by the Gwidorc or Gwcedorc river; it comprises 5'2,9'21 statute acres, of which QHg^ arc in the tideway of the Gwidore, and '2H96 in lakes. Within its hmits is the greater part of the district called " the Rosses," consisting of a dreary wilderness of rugged mountain wastes and heaths, broken on the west into abrupt rocky heights, and including many islands separated by inlets of the sea. Some of these islands are thinly covered on the summits with moss and heath, and a few present specimens of verdure produced by cultivation ; Arranmore, the largest, forms a shelter for the rest, and a barrier against the western ocean. On the shores of Cruit grows a kind of long and broadleaved grass having a saline taste, which the cattle readily feed on at ebb-tide. The district is unfavourable either for grazing or tillage ; the produce raised is inconsiderable, and there is often a scarcity of food. Throughout the parish, agriculture is in a very backward condition, the greater portion of the land consisting of sands, mountain rocks, and bog : the mountain of Crovehy rises 1033 feet above the level of the sea. Indications of iron-ore may be observed in the precipitous face of the mountains. Petty-sessions are held at Dungloe, at which place is a constabulary police station. The LIVING is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of Raphoe, and in the patronage of the Marquess Conyngham ; the tithe rent-charge is £1/6. 5. The glebehouse was erected by aid of £100, iu 1/63, from the late Board of First Fruits; the glebe comprises S15 acres, valued at £152. 16. per annum. The church is a small plain building, erected in 1760 by aid of £400 from the Board. In the Roman Catholic divisions this parish is partly in the district of Lettcrmacward, and partly a district in itself: it contains three good, plain, slated chapels ; one of them at Dungloe, belonging to Lettcrmacward ; the others in Arranmore and Kincaslagh, belonging to Templecroan. A dispensary is supported at Dungloe. Here are the ruins of the ancient castle of Dungloe, near which have been brought up out of the sea several brass cannon bearing the Spanish arms, said to have belonged to the Armada.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 322

37. Cruise family monument at Nobber (1619)

    Nobber · town · Meath · 1619

    A dated monument of 1619 in Nobber churchyard commemorates Gerald Cruise of Brittas and his wife Margaret Plunkett. It stands as a family memorial of the Cruise lineage in the parish.

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    It is a rectory, in the diocese of Meath, appropriate to the see, and comprising, with the parish of Loughbraccan, the perpetual cure of Nobber, in the patronage of the Bishop. The tithe rent-charge is £360. 9-, the whole payable to the Bishop : the income of the perpetual curate arises from £55. 7- paid by the bishop, and from the glebe, which comprises 40 acres, valued at £70 per annum. The glebe-house was erected in 17B9, by a gift of £150 from the Board of First Fruits. The church is a plain structure, built in 1*71 by parish cess. In the Roman Catholic divisions Nobber is the head of a district, comprising this parish and that of Cruisetown, in each of which is a chapel ; that of Nobber is a neat and appropriate edifice, of modern erection, faced with hewn stone. Considerable remains of a religious foundation, supposed to have belonged to the Knights of St. John of Jerusalem, are in the churchyard ; as is also a monument of the Cruise family, of the date I6l9, erected to the memory of Gerald Cruise, of Brittas, and Margaret Pluukett, his wife. Near the town is a very large circular Danish fort, the summit of which commands an extensive prospect. Nobber is the birth-place of the celebrated Irish harper, Carolan, the last of the native bards, who was born in I67O, and became blind at a very early period of his life from the effects of the small pox.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 216

38. Culdee establishment at Monaincha

    Monaincha · townland · Tipperary · 500–1620

    Remains of the Culdee establishment of Mona Incha survived, where a fraternity of monks remarkable for learning and sanctity subsisted from the time of St. Columba in the 6th century until the early 17th century. They resisted the usurpations of the see of Rome and were mentioned by Archbishop Ussher.

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    The only part left of the ancient Abbey is the western gable, with an arched door forming an entrance to the present churchyard ; on each side of the arch are two flat niches, and above the doorway is a figure of the patron saint, Cronan, but much mutilated. In the churchyard is part of a circular cross, which, with another stone now forming part of the wall, is called the Shrine of St. Cronan, and is rudely sculptured with a representation of the Crucifixion and other figures. On the opposite side of the road, to the north-west of the old church, is an ancient Round Tower ; it is about SO feet high, in good preservation, and covered with a dome roof of wood ; around its base are two tiers of stone steps, and about 15 feet from the ground is a circular arched doorway, above which, at an elevation of 15 feet, is a pointed window. There are also some remains of the Culdee establishment of Mona Incha, where, from the time of St. Columba, who flourished early in the 6th century and was the founder of that order, subsisted till the beginning of the 17th century a fraternity of monks remarkable for their learning and sanctity, who strenuously resisted the usurpations of the see of Rome, and are mentioned by Archbishop Ussher as existing in the earlier part of his time. In the north-western pait of the town are the remains of the Franciscan Friary, still in tolerable preservation ; the tower of the ancient church forms the entrance to the Roman Catholic chapel. In a street called the Mall is still standing a circular tower, forming a portion of the castle erected by King John : this tower has been recently roofed ; and in the centre of the town, and in good preservation, is the lofty square castle built by the Butler family, part of which has been appropriated as a depAt for military stores for the use of the troops quartered in the barracks. St. Canice here wrote a copy of the Four Gospels, called Glass Kennic, or " the Chain of Canice," which till the time of Ussher was preserved in the abbey of this place : there was also a curious copy written by Dimma, a scribe, the son of Aengus son of Carthin, which was also kept here in a curiously ornamented box, and was most probably the manuscript in the possession of Sir William Betham, Ulster King at Arms. There is a chalybeate spring at Corville, near the town.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 263

39. Culm in the Awineeghrea, a branch of the Flesk

    Flesk · electoral division · Kerry

    Beds of culm occur in the northern upland formation of middle Kerry. Specimens from a drift in the river Awineeghrea, a branch of the Flesk, resembled plumbago, suggesting that coal like that of Kilkenny might be obtained by sinking.

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    In the northern upland formation of the middle district of Kerry are beds of culm, which has been worked only in its eastern range, in the county of Cork. Some specimens of the culm from Killarney, Tralee, and Castleisland wore nearly incombustible, which may be accounted for from their having been taken from the surface : in a drift in the river Awineeghrea, a branch of the Flesk, the specimens resemble plumbago. It is possible, by sinking, to obtain coal like that of Kilkenny. A band of limestone, containing a few organic remains, traverses the southern part of this formation ; it is chiefly blue, compact, with chert over it, and to the west partly regularly stratified. Where it shows itself in the middle of the Slieve Lughar bogs, in Lord Kenmare's quarries, it is also blue and compact, without any chert, but a good deal of calcareous spar. It next appears about two miles west of Killarney, on the Flesk, much intermingled with hornstone or chert, and, finally, constitutes the great deposition which forms nearly all the islands and promontories on the north side of the Lower lake. The limestone there meets the brown transition rocks of the mountains ; and near the junction it is traversed by metallic veins of copper and lead. A second band is found in various places along the course of the Gheestan, where it is blackish and mingled with chert-. The whole bottom of the valley of the Maine consists of limestone lying in strata, which, though generally confused, appear to lap on each side above those of the mountain. The hniestone is generally compact, and much impressed with marine remains ; black and hard towards Tralee, where it is dressed as marble ; whitening and more tender towards Castleisland and the Maine, and of course more readily calcined : both kinds are excellent and nearly pure. Towards the northern side of the beds they become more flinty, and are separated from the mountain rocks by thin beds of Lydian stone, black or blueishgrey, with the cross fracture slightly conchoidal. Towards Tralee this becomes a complete horn-slate, the shiver of which is highly valued for road gravel. There are large banks of shell-sand in Castlemaine bay ; it is of a muddy blueish cast, containing numerous whole shells of the species of cardium. One of the Skellig rocks, which has often been called marble, contains nothing but bolts of quartz traversing the brown slate. The mountain of Slieve Mish, which runs parallel to the Maine on its northern side, and terminates in the peninsula of Corkaguiney, is composed of old sandstone or grit, dipping about 40° N. to 8° W. : towards the interior the dip is greater, and the rock more indurated. It is covered with thick beds of millstone grit, or coarsegrained conglomerate, with pebbles of quartz, &c. 13

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 10

40. Culmore church burnt by James's army, 1688

    near Culmore · town · Derry · 1688–1689

    The church of Culmore, though now a ruin, was built shortly before the war of 1688 and burnt by James's army, never having been repaired since. It was cruciform, consisting of a nave and transept, and the walls are still entire except at the western end.

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    In Ballinagard demesne, on the western bank of the Foyle, is a rath measuring 73 yards by 60 ; it is surrounded by a fosse and parapet, and is now covered with trees. In Ballymagrorty is a small cromlech, the table-stone of which is 4 feet by 3 ; and on the summit of Holywell Hill are the remains of a cairn, about 40 feet in diameter, in the centre of which is a pit 3 feet square and 5 deep ; the rock of the mountain forms the bottom of this pit, and it is called the Holy well, from a small pool of rain-water being found in it, which is supposed to possess healing virtues. There are also two cairns of modern construction : one is called " Jenny's Cairn," being the spot where a young woman was murdered under very atrocious circumstances ; the other, in the bed of a rivulet, is called the " Priest's Burn," from a tradition that a priest was killed on the spot. The old church of Killea, in the townland of the same name, was one of the five chapels of ease to the mother church ; its foundations still remain, in a cemetery surrounded by an old stone wall. The church of Culmore, though a ruin, is of no great antiquity, having 4 C2

    TEMP

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 324

41. Culmore fort and reserved townlands

    near Culmore · town · Derry · 1599–1608

    Culmore fort occupied a townland belonging to the king, reserved from the O'Dogherty estates. The area around Culmore also features a considerable patch of detritus likely concealing new red sandstone, with that rock visible at the northern extremity of the parish.

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    From inquisitions taken in the reign of James I. it appears that about half the parish was then considered to belong to Inishowen, or O'Dogherty's country ; and that Sir John O'Dogherty possessed several townlands now in Templemore, which had been included in a regrant of Inishowen made to him on a surrender in the 30th of Elizabeth : he had forfeited this property in 1599 by rebellion, but it had been regranted to his family, with the exception of some townlands reserved for the fort of Culmore. In 1608 his son Sir Cahir also rebelled, in consequence of which all his estates were granted to Arthur, Lord Chichester, of Belfast, who leased them to Sir Faithful Fortescue, Arthur Ussher, Tristram Beresford, and Charles Pointz. Of the 24 townlands into which the parish is now divided, one, on which is the fort of Culmore, belongs to the king ; one to Captain Hart ; one and a part to the Bishop of Derry in right of his see ; two to Lord Templemore, a branch of the Chichester family ; three to the Marquess of Donegal, the head of the same family : 56'2

    and fifteen and a part to the Irish Society. Until the year 1809 the parish extended into the county of Donegal, and included the three parishes of Burt, Inch, and Muff, which were then severed from it and erected into perpetual curacies.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 323

42. Culmore Fort, an Elizabethan fortification on the Foyle

    near Culmore · town · Derry · 1558–1625

    Culmore Fort was erected by the English in the reign of Elizabeth or James I to secure their possession of Derry. It was a small triangular fort with a bastion at each corner and a square tower next the river; though not militarily occupied for over a century, a governor is still appointed.

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    been built a short time before the war of 1688 and burnt by James's army, since which it has never been repaired : it was cruciform, and consisted of a nave and transept ; the walls are still entire, except at the western end. The castle of Aileagh or Elagh, now a small ruin, stands on a commanding eminence on the verge of the parish, about two miles from the more ancient fortress of the same name in the county of Donegal, formerly a royal castle. The forts of Culmore and Donnalong were erected by the English in the reign of Elizabeth or James I., to secure their newly accjuired possession of Derry : the former, situated on a projecting point on the western bank of the Foyle, where the stream opens into the lough, was a small triangular fort, with a bastion at each corner, and a square tower at the point next the river : though not occupied as a military station for upwards of a hundred years, a governor is still appointed to it. General Hart, the late governor, substantially repaired the tower ; but the outworks are now nearly obliterated. Donnalong, or Donolonge, which was a place of more importance, was on the eastern bank of the Foyle, in the parish of Donagheady ; there are no remains. Templemore gives the title of an English baron to a branch of the Chichester family.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 324

43. Culmore Fort destroyed during siege and never rebuilt

    near Culmore · town · Derry · 1689

    After the 105-day siege of Derry ended with the garrison's deliverance, Culmore Fort was reduced to ruin and was never afterwards rebuilt. The city itself sustained extensive damage requiring the Irish Society to appoint commissioners for its restoration.

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    advanced up the lough in view both of the garrison and the besiegers, in a dangerous attempt to relieve the place, returning with spirit the fire of the enemy. The foremost of the provision ships came in contact with the boom that had been thrown across the channel, and broke it ; but, rebounding with violence, ran aground, and for the moment appeared to be at the mercy of the besiegers, who with acclamations of joy instantly prepared to board her : the vessel, however, firing her guns, was extricated by the shock, floated, and triumphantly passed the boom, followed by her companions. The town was thus relieved, and the enemy retired ; but of the brave defenders only 4300 survived to witness their deliverance, and of this number more than 1000 were incapable of service : those who were able immediately sallied out in pursuit of the enemy, who had lost SOOO men by the sword and by various disorders during the siege, which had continued 105 days. Culraore Fort was reduced to ruin, and was never afterwards rebuilt. The city itself sustained so much damage that the Irish Society deemed it necessary to appoint commissioners for its restoration : the twelve chief companies of London advanced £100 each; the society supplied timber for the public buildings, abatements were made in the rents, the terms of leases were augmented, and other measures for the accomplishment of this object were adopted.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 100

44. Culmore Fort garrisoned by London undertakers

    near Culmore · town · Derry · 1609–1613

    The fort of Culmore, with its attached lands, was entrusted to the London undertakers on condition that they maintain a competent ward of officers and men there, forming a key defensive outpost for the Derry plantation.

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    A large part of Ulster having escheated to the crown on the attainder of the two above-named earls, proposals of colonization were made to the city of London, in which this place is described as " the late ruinated city of Derry, which may be made by land almost impregnable." In accepting the offers of the crown, the city agreed to erect '200 houses here, and leave room for 300 more ; 4000 acres contiguous to the city were to be annexed to it in perpetuity, exclusively of bog and barren mountain, which were to be added as waste ; convenient sites were allowed for the houses of the bishop and dean ; the liberties were to extend three miles, or 3000 Irish paces, in every direction from the centre of the city j and the London undertakers were to have the neighbouring fort of Culmore, with the lands attached, on condition of maintaining in it a competent ward of officers and men. In 1613 the inhabitants having surrendered their former charter, were re-incorporated ; and the name of the city was altered to Londonderry. The natives having conspired to take the town by surprise, a supply of arms was sent from London in I6l.">: an additional sum of £5000 was ordered for completing the walls ; and, that it might not in future be peopled with Irish, the '■ Irish Society" issued directions that a certain number of children from Christ's Hospital, and others, should be sent hither as apprentices and servants ; and prohibited the inhabitants from taking Irish apprentices. Leases of most of the houses were granted for thirty-one years, and to each was allotted a portion of land according to the rent, with ground for gardens and orchards ; 300 acres were assigned for the support of a free-school ; and of the 4000 acres, the society allotted to the houses or granted to the mayor 3'il7, including a parcel of 1500 acres, which were set apart to support the magistracy of the city, and which subsequently became a source of contention between the society, the corporation, and the bishop. In 1618 we find the fortifications completed, at an expense of £8357 ; but notwithstanding the adoption of these and other measures of improvement, the increase of houses and inhabitants was very slow, and the operations of the ^ociety were made the ground of various representations to the crown respecting the non-fulfilment of the conditions of planting. lu 16'2'2, commissioners were appointed to inquire into the affairs of the plantation, to whom the mayor and corporation of Derry presented a petition complaining of many grievances resulting from the conduct of the society, one of the chief of which was the non-erection of the specified number of houses : this inquiry led to several sequestrations of the city and liberties until 16'2S, and for some time the rents were paid to the crown.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 100

45. Culmore Fort seized by Coote from Hamilton

    near Culmore · town · Derry · 1648

    In 1648, the parliamentary general Sir C. Coote treacherously seized the person of Sir Robert Hamilton and forced him to surrender Culmore Fort, making the parliamentarians masters of all the forts of Ulster except Charlemont.

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    London Adventurers sent over an agent with IctterK desiring that it should betaken within their plantation ; but in the year following, the mayor was ordered by the Lord- Lieutenant and Council to publish a proclamation against it. Colonel Audley Mervyn, who had been ai)pointed governor by the Marquess of Ormonde, was nevertheless obliged from expediency to take the covenant : in 1645 he was displaced by the parliament, and was succeeded by Lord FoUiott. Sir C. Cootc, the parliamentary general, having, in 1648, treacherously seized the person of Sir Robert Hamilton, forced him to surrender Culmore Fort ; by which the parliamentarians became masters of all the forts of Ulster, except Charlemont. The Marquess of Ormonde failing in his attempts to induce Sir C. Coote to join the king's cause, the latter was blocked up in Derry by the royalists ; soon after the city and Culmore Fort were rcgiilarly besieeed by Sir Robert Stewart, who was subsequently joined by Sir G. Monroe and Lord Montgomery with their respective forces, and Charles II. was proclaimed with great solemnity before the camp of Derry. The decapitation of the late king having excited horror among the majority of the people of the north, they rose in arms, and soon obtained possession of all the towns and forts ot strength in that quarter, except Derry and Culmore. These two places, after a siege of four months, and when the garrison, consisting of 800 foot and 180 horse, was reduced to the greatest extremities, were relieved by Owen Roe O'Nial, to whom Sir C. Coote had promised a reward of £5000 for this service ; and by the defeat of Ever Mac Mahon,the Roman Catholic general, the following year, at Skirfolas in Donegal, Coote finally reduced all Ulster under the power of the parliament. After the Restoration, Charles II., in 1662, granted letters patent to the Irish Society, containing, with very little alteration, all the clauses of the first charter of James I. ; this is the charter under which the society now acts. In 1684 the same monarch constituted a guild of the staple, with powers as ample as those enjoyed by any other city : in the following year, owing to the decay of trade, the corporation complained to the society that the government of the town was too expensive for the magistrates to sustain, and solicited an abatement of the rent.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 100

46. Cummeragh mountains and scenic lakes: Cummerloughs and Stillogues

    near Comeragh Mountains · mountain or mountain range · Waterford

    The western part of Mothell parish is occupied by the mountains of Cummeragh, extending from the river Suir southward toward Dungarvan, composed largely of argillaceous schistus with sandstone and porphyritic rocks. Several lakes on the summits, called the Cummerloughs and the Stillogues, afford highly picturesque scenery, and a remarkably fine species of trout is found in the former.

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    MOTHELL, or Mothel, a parish, in the union of Carrick-on-Suir, barony of Upperthird, county of Waterford, and province of Munster, 3 miles (S. by E.) from Carrick; containing 3723 inhabitants. St. Brogan founded here an abbey, of which he was the first abbot ; and was succeeded by St. Coan : it is thought to have been a house of Canons Regular of the order of St. Augustine, though some say of Cistercian monks. The abbey and its possessions were surrendered in the 31st of Henry VIII., and two years afterwards were granted to a family named Butler and Peter Power, at the annual rent of £6. 4. The parish comprises 17,641 statute acres of arable land, and 3000 of mountain : all the western part is occupied by the mountains of Cummeragh, extending from the river Suir southward to the neighbourhood of Dungarvan, and forming an irregular chain of heights, the sides of which are extremely wild and precipitous, and present, even from a distance, striking masses of light and shade. These lonely mountains, rarely visited but by the sportsman and the summer tourist, every where afford romantic and even sublime scenery. They are composed almost entirely of argillaceous schistus of different qualities, in vertical beds, together with a slaty conglomerate : close-grained white, grey, and red sandstone, and veins of quartz, occur, with porphyritic rocks, and indications of iron, particularly iron glance. There are several lakes on the summits of the mountains, the scenery around which is highly picturesque, and in some parts magnificent ; they are called the Cummerloughs and the Stillogues, and in the former a remarkably fine species of trout is found. In descending from this elevated situation to the Suir, the change is remarkably striking, as the country, in parts, assumes a great degree of softness and richness. Near one of the Cummeragh mountains are the village and castle of Clonea, which latter is a perfect specimen of an ancient fortified residence, consisting of a quadrangular building of great height, divided into several stories approached by a flight of stairs within the walls : the watch-tower commands a magnificent prospect. The keep was formerly surrounded by a strong wall inclosing a square area, with circular towers at each angle and a moat outside ; two of the towers can be distinctly traced. The plantations on the banks of the river Clodagh, which flows close to the castle, give additional interest to the scene.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 172

47. Cummeragh mountains and their summit stone piles

    near Comeragh Mountains · mountain or mountain range · Waterford

    The Cummeragh or Monevullagh mountains extend from Cappa, three miles west of Dungarvan, dividing the county into two portions. On the summits are irregular piles of great stones thought to have been placed by human hand, and four small lakes contain trout and char.

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    The SURFACE is for the most part of a mountainous character ; and the valleys watered by the various rivers are generally picturesque and beautiful. It is divided into two nearly equal portions by the Ciimmeragh or Monevullagh mountains, which extend from Cappa, three miles west of Dungarvan. The general range of these mountains is from south to north : their sides are wild and precipitous, the lofty rocks and deep ravines exhibiting extraordinary masses of light and shade. On the summits of most of them are irregular piles of stones, many of them of great size, which, from their peculiar situation, are thought to have been placed there by the hand of man. Among the mountains are four lakes, two called Cummelouglis and the others Stilloughs, the largest of which covers only five or six acres ; they contain several inferior kinds of trout, and in the Cummeloughs are found also char : around these lakes are some very fine echoes. Connected with the northern extremity of the mountain range is the sterile district called the Commons of Clonmel, which extends to the vicinity of that town ; proceeding from which, however, down the course of the river Suir, is found a gradually expanding vale of the greatest beauty, particularly in the vicinity of Curraghmore, the seat of the Marquess of Waterford. From this vale to the seacoast, in a southern direction, the face of the country is wild, almost entirely destitute of trees, and, except near the village of Bonmahon, unimproved by any respectable residence. A considerable range of high land extends from this part of the coast through the parishes of Dunhill and Reisk, in which latter it divides into two branches ; the low land intervening is partially covered during the winter season with water, which in summer is confined to the small lake of Ballyscanlan. In this low land, trunks and roots of trees, chiefly oak and pine, of considerable size, are found embedded. Hence the hills extend to the vicinity of IVaterfonl ; and the entire range is overspread with rocks, forming in some places very curious groups, especially on the precipitous heights about Pembrokestown. The barony of Gaultier, which exhibits a varied though not very elevated surface, is a peninsular tract, appearing to have been at one period completely insulated in the direction of the line of marshy land which extends from Tramore bay to Kilbarry, near Waterford.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 374

48. Curious caves in the mountains of Tomregan

    Tomregan · parish · Cavan

    The mountains of Tomregan parish contain some curious caves, noted as features of interest in the landscape.

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    The living is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of Kilmore, and in the patronage of the Bishop ; the tithe rent-charge is £97. •'>. The glebe-house was built in 181'2, at an expense of £138.5 British, of which £969 were a loan and £9'2 a gift from the late Board of First Fruits: the glebe comprises 380 acres valued at £38 1. 13., of which .50 acres are bog, and the remainder arable and pasture land. The church was built about 90 years since at the expense of Colonel Montgomery, and was cidarged in 18'20 at an expense of £9'23 British, half a gift and half a loan from the Board ; it has recently been further improved at an expense of £70, of which £60 were contributed by the Rev. Mr. Carson, and the remainder by the Rev. J. Storey, the incumbent. It occupies a picturesque situation on the road to Ballinamore, and, with the adjacent school-house, forms a pleasing object as seen from the mountains. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish is partly in the district of Knockninny, and partly in that of Druralainc, but chiefly in that of Kildallon ; the chapel, at Ballyconnell, is a good slated building. There is a place of worship for Primitive Wesleyan Methodists. In the mountains are some curious caves.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 345

49. Curious rock groups at Pembrokestown

    Pembrokestown · townland · Waterford

    The range of high land extending through the parishes of Dunhill and Reisk toward Waterford is overspread with rocks, forming very curious groups especially on the precipitous heights about Pembrokestown.

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    The SURFACE is for the most part of a mountainous character ; and the valleys watered by the various rivers are generally picturesque and beautiful. It is divided into two nearly equal portions by the Ciimmeragh or Monevullagh mountains, which extend from Cappa, three miles west of Dungarvan. The general range of these mountains is from south to north : their sides are wild and precipitous, the lofty rocks and deep ravines exhibiting extraordinary masses of light and shade. On the summits of most of them are irregular piles of stones, many of them of great size, which, from their peculiar situation, are thought to have been placed there by the hand of man. Among the mountains are four lakes, two called Cummelouglis and the others Stilloughs, the largest of which covers only five or six acres ; they contain several inferior kinds of trout, and in the Cummeloughs are found also char : around these lakes are some very fine echoes. Connected with the northern extremity of the mountain range is the sterile district called the Commons of Clonmel, which extends to the vicinity of that town ; proceeding from which, however, down the course of the river Suir, is found a gradually expanding vale of the greatest beauty, particularly in the vicinity of Curraghmore, the seat of the Marquess of Waterford. From this vale to the seacoast, in a southern direction, the face of the country is wild, almost entirely destitute of trees, and, except near the village of Bonmahon, unimproved by any respectable residence. A considerable range of high land extends from this part of the coast through the parishes of Dunhill and Reisk, in which latter it divides into two branches ; the low land intervening is partially covered during the winter season with water, which in summer is confined to the small lake of Ballyscanlan. In this low land, trunks and roots of trees, chiefly oak and pine, of considerable size, are found embedded. Hence the hills extend to the vicinity of IVaterfonl ; and the entire range is overspread with rocks, forming in some places very curious groups, especially on the precipitous heights about Pembrokestown. The barony of Gaultier, which exhibits a varied though not very elevated surface, is a peninsular tract, appearing to have been at one period completely insulated in the direction of the line of marshy land which extends from Tramore bay to Kilbarry, near Waterford.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 374

50. Curious stone cross at Moone Franciscan ruins

    Moone · townland · Kildare

    Near the ruins of the Franciscan monastery at Moone, County Kildare, stands a very curious stone cross. It is located in the vicinity of the ancient castle and monastery remains.

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    forming part of the union of Timolin ; the rectory is appropriate to the economy fund of the cathedral of St. Patrick, Dublin. The tithe rent-charge is £283. 10., of which £189 are payable to the economy fund, and the remainder to the vicar. In the Roman Catholic divisions Moone is part of the district of Castledermot ; the chapel is a large cruciform structure, in the village. There are remains of an ancient castle, supposed to have been built by one of the first English adventurers, on the bank of the river, above which, one tower yet standing forms a conspicuous object. Little of the history of this castle is known. It received considerable injury during the disturbances of 1798 ; but part of the building is preserved in a habitable condition. Near the ruins of the Franciscan monastery is a very curious stone cross ; and at a short distance is an artificial mount, in which Counsellor Ash was interred by his own desire, and which has since been planted, and inclosed with a wall.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 171

51. Curlew mountains on the northwestern confines near Boyle

    near Curlew Mountains · mountain or mountain range · Roscommon

    The Curlew mountains are noted as one of four striking elevations in County Roscommon, situated on its northwestern confines near Boyle. They form part of the county's distinctive topography on the Connaught frontier.

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    The county is of very irregular form, its length being nearly 60 English miles, whilst its greatest breadth does not exceed 32 ; southward it quickly contracts to ten, and northward gradually declines to three. It is an important frontier to the whole of Connaught. Its general surface forms part of the vast limestone plain of the central parts of the island, with only four very striking elevations. These are, the mountains on the borders of Lough Allen, in its northern extremity ; the Curlew mountains, on its north-western confines, near Boyle ; the great ridge of Slievebawn, extending through the baronies of Ballintobber and Roscommon ; and Slieveaeluyn, near Ballinlough, in the west. In the plain districts are considerable tracts of very flat ground, through which the rivers wind with a sluggish course, frequently overflowing their banks, and inundating the adjoining country. Some of the larger bogs also present level surfaces of considerable extent, while others are diversified with all the inequalities of the hills upon which they are situated. Remarkably extensive tracts of flat alluvial land, and of bog, occur along the courses of the Shannon and Suck, forming detached portions of the Bog of Allen ; the most worthy of notice being those situated near Athlone and Lanesborough, both of which are crossed by ridges of limestone gravel. Along the Suck, and along the Shannon south of Carrick, the shores in several parts are bold, and the cliffs occasionally overhang the water ; these in general are formed of compact masses of limestone gravel and indurated clay. The highest mountains are Bracklieve and Slieve Curkagh, in the northern extremity of the county, between which the river Arigna flows in a deep valley, over which the mountains rise upwards of 1000 feet with steep and rugged acclivities, and broad perpendicular faces of rock. Next to these in height is the ridge of Slievebawn, which, from the ^479

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 258

52. Curragh castle of the McCarthys and chalybeate spring

    Curragh · townland · Cork

    At Curragh near Kanturk stood a castle belonging to the McCarthys, on the site of which a modern mansion was built. Near it is a strong chalybeate (iron-bearing) spring.

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    sioners. The glebe-house, in the vicinity, was erected in 1S18, the Board of First Fruits having granted £450 and a loan of £50 ; attached to it is a glebe of 10 acres, subject to a rent of £1 '2 per annum. The church is a small structure with a square embattled tower surmounted by pinnacles, built in 1789, the same Board giving £200. In the Roman Catholic divisions the town is the head of a district, which comprises about one-third of the parish of Clonfert and the whole of the ecclesiastical parish of Kilcorcoran. The chapel is a remarkably neat cruciform building, erected on a site l)resented by the Earl of Egmont ; the chapel-yard, which is tastefully planted, and forms an agreeable promenade for the inhabitants, is entered by a handsome gateway of pillars of hewn stone, surmounted by richlycrocketed pinnacles, the work of a native artist, who also executed a beautiful font for the chapel. At Coolavota is a Roman Catholic chapel for the rural district. The parochial school is under the superintendence of the Protestant clergyman, and a large building for a second public school was lately erected on a site given by the Earl of Egmont : there are also two national schools. The poor-law union workhouse was opened July 18, 1S44, and will accommodate SOO paupers. At Curragh was a castle that belonged to the APCarthys, on the site of which is now a modern mansion : near it i.s a strong chalybeate spring. The celebrated lawyer, Barry Yelverton, afterwards Lord Avonmore, was born at Kanturk.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 1

53. Curraghmore and the Vale of Suir

    Curraghmore · townland · Waterford

    Down the course of the river Suir from the Commons of Clonmel, a gradually expanding vale of great beauty opens out, particularly in the vicinity of Curraghmore, the seat of the Marquess of Waterford.

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    The SURFACE is for the most part of a mountainous character ; and the valleys watered by the various rivers are generally picturesque and beautiful. It is divided into two nearly equal portions by the Ciimmeragh or Monevullagh mountains, which extend from Cappa, three miles west of Dungarvan. The general range of these mountains is from south to north : their sides are wild and precipitous, the lofty rocks and deep ravines exhibiting extraordinary masses of light and shade. On the summits of most of them are irregular piles of stones, many of them of great size, which, from their peculiar situation, are thought to have been placed there by the hand of man. Among the mountains are four lakes, two called Cummelouglis and the others Stilloughs, the largest of which covers only five or six acres ; they contain several inferior kinds of trout, and in the Cummeloughs are found also char : around these lakes are some very fine echoes. Connected with the northern extremity of the mountain range is the sterile district called the Commons of Clonmel, which extends to the vicinity of that town ; proceeding from which, however, down the course of the river Suir, is found a gradually expanding vale of the greatest beauty, particularly in the vicinity of Curraghmore, the seat of the Marquess of Waterford. From this vale to the seacoast, in a southern direction, the face of the country is wild, almost entirely destitute of trees, and, except near the village of Bonmahon, unimproved by any respectable residence. A considerable range of high land extends from this part of the coast through the parishes of Dunhill and Reisk, in which latter it divides into two branches ; the low land intervening is partially covered during the winter season with water, which in summer is confined to the small lake of Ballyscanlan. In this low land, trunks and roots of trees, chiefly oak and pine, of considerable size, are found embedded. Hence the hills extend to the vicinity of IVaterfonl ; and the entire range is overspread with rocks, forming in some places very curious groups, especially on the precipitous heights about Pembrokestown. The barony of Gaultier, which exhibits a varied though not very elevated surface, is a peninsular tract, appearing to have been at one period completely insulated in the direction of the line of marshy land which extends from Tramore bay to Kilbarry, near Waterford.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 374

54. Curraghmore mansion and ancient castle

    Curraghmore · townland · Waterford

    The mansion of Curraghmore is the seat of the Marquess of Waterford and embodies the ancient castle of that place. It is noted as a princely residence alongside the castle of Lismore.

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    are remarkable ratlis on the hill of Lismore, at Rathgormuck, in the parish of Kinsalebeg, near Youghal, and at Ardmore, the remains of which last show it to have been of great extent : many others of less note are dispersed in various quarters. Circular intrenchments, consisting of a small area, defended by a rampart and fosse, and called in the language of the country lis, " a fortified residence," are very numerous, and appear to form with each other branches from more important stations that formerly existed at Waterford, Lismore, Dungarvan, and Ardmore. One of the sepulchral mounts called in England " barrows," and here " duns," is to be seen to the west of Dungarvan ; and many others occur in different parts. A large double trench, called by the Irish Riun-ho-Padriuc, " the trench of St. Patrick's cow," commences to the east of Knockmeledown, and runs in nearly a direct line across the Blackwater, and through the deer-park of Lismore, towards Ardmore, being traceable for sixteen or eighteen miles ; it corresponds exactly with that extraordinary work called " The Danes' Cast," which runs through the counties of Armagh and Down. A second trench from Cappoquin, through the plain along the side of the mountains westward into the county of Cork, is called by the peasantry Clee-duff. Cromlechs exist in the barony of Gaultier, within five miles of Waterford ; on Kilmacombe hill ; on Sugar-loaf hill, near Reisk ; at Dunhill; Gurteen ; near Stradbally ; and other places. There appear to have formerly existed, within the limits of the county, 24 religious establishments ; but at present vestiges remain of the buildings of those only of MothiU, Dungarvan, Stradbally, Lismore, and Ardmore. The castles and fortified houses were very numerous : there still exist (some of them entire, and the rest in ruins) that of Lismore, one on the Little Island, one at Crook, Cullen Castle, and those of Carrickbcg, Ballyclough, Feddens, Clonea, Darinlar, Dungarvan, Modeligo, Kilbree, Strancally, Conagh, and Castlereagh. The princely castle of Lismore, the mansion of the Duke of Devonshire, and that of Curraghmore, the seat of the Marquess of Waterford, with which is embodied the ancient castle of that place, are, with the other mansions and seats of the nobility and gentry worthy of particular notice, described in the accounts of the parishes in which they are respectively situated.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 376

55. Curraghmore Park: princely seat of the Marquess of Waterford

    Curraghmore · townland · Waterford

    Portlaw is situated on the confines of Curraghmore Park, the princely seat of the Marquess of Waterford, separated only by the river Clodagh. The Marquess also supported a second dispensary for the town.

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    PORTLAW, a post-town, in the parish of Clo- NEGAM, union of Carrick-on-Suir, barony of Upperthird, county of Waterford, and province of Mun- STER, 9 miles (W.) from Waterford, and S3| (S. \V.) from Dublin ; containing 3647 inhabitants. This place, which is situated on the small river Clodagh, is altogether of modern origin ; within the last twenty years, there svas scarcely a cabin to be seen on that spot which is now the site of a handsome and flourishing town. It is solely indebted for its growth and prosperity to the residence of Messrs. Malcolmson and Sons, who introduced the cotton manufacture, and erected buildings for carrying it on upon a very extensive scale. The town is situated on the confines of Curraghmore Park, the princely seat of the Marquess of Waterford, from which it is separated only by the Clodagh, a deep and rapid stream, on whose margin the mills are erected : the total number of houses is 489, many of which are handsome and well built, and the remainder neat cottages roofed with slate. The manufactory is a spacious and lofty building (with a flat roof, on which is a reserv'oir for water,) fitted up with the most improved machinery, propelled by three large water-wheels and three steam-engines, the united power of which is estitimated at more than that of 300 horses. The works aflFord constant employment to considerably more than 1000 persons ; the amount of capital expended weekly is not less than £600. Connected with them are numerous trades to which they furnish employment ; and in all the various departments upon which they have an influence, it is calculated that more than 4000 persons are procuring a comfortable subsistence. The cottons, when manufactured, are bleached on the pre- 427

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 231

56. Curragh of Kildare: fine undulating down near Kildare town

    near The Curragh · locality · Kildare

    The Curragh is a fine undulating down six miles long and two miles broad, lying from north-east to south-west with the town of Kildare near its western extremity. It is one of two distinguishing features of the county.

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    The Bog of Allen and the Curragh of Kildare are two distinguishing features of the county. Most of the bogs which lie eastward of the Shannon, occupying considerable portions of Kildare and the King's county, comprehended, in common parlance, under the former of these names. The Bog of Allen, which does not, therefore, apply to any single morass. On the contrary, the tracts of bog to which it bears reference are often separated by high ridges of dry land inclining towards different rivers, as their natural vents for drainage. The portion of the bog within Kildare lies, as before observed, in the northern part of the county ; and near its southern margin, the Island of Allen (a name given to an elevated tract of cultivated soil), surrounded like an oasis in the African desert by the solitude of the uninhabited morass, presents a gratifying feature of variety ; it rises abruptly from the bog, is nearly conical, and composed of limestone-gravel. Towards the west is the Hill of Allen, a steep elevation of a conical form, about 300 feet in height. The Curragh is a fine undulating down, six miles long and two broad : it hes in a direction from north-east to south-west, having the town of Kildare near its western extremity, and being

    K I L— D A

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 19

57. Dagobert of Austrasia educated at Slane abbey, 653

    Slane · town · Meath · 653–673

    An abbey for Canons Regular was founded on the hill near Slane at a remote period. The young Dagobert, King of Austrasia, banished from France at age seven, was received there in 653 for education and resided twenty years before being restored to his throne.

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    SLANE, a post-town and parish (formerly a pariiamentary borough), in the union of Navan, barony of Upper Slane, county of Meath, and province of Lein- STER, 6| miles (W. S. W.) from Drogheda, and 2'2 (N. by W.) from Dublin, on the coach-road from Dublin to Londonderry, and on the river Boyne ; containing 2510 inhabitants, of whom 555 are in the town. This place is of very high antiquity, and in the earliest ages of Christianity was the seat of a small diocese, of which St. Eire, who had built himself a hermitage, was consecrated first bishop by St. Patrick ; he died in 514. On the neighbouring hill an abbey for Canons Regular was founded at a remote period, into which the young Dagobert, King of Austrasia, in France, who had been banished from his own country when only seven years of age, was received in 653, for the purpose of being educated ; he continued to reside in it 20 years, till recalled to France and restored to his throne. This establishment was many times plundered, and the monks massacred, by the Ostnien of Dublin, to whose ravages it was peculiarly exposed. In 11*2 the town was sacked and burned by Dermod Mac Murrough and a party of the English ; and it was again plundered by the English in 1175, from which period the abbey seems to have continued in decay till the year 1512, when it was restored by Sir Christopher Fleming, Lord of Slane, who placed in it two friars who had till then resided in the hermitage of St. Eire. On the settlement of the English in Meath the town became a borough, and in the reign of Henry VI. ranked as one of the middle class. The Fleming family having been engaged in the civil war of 1641, the estate escheated to the crown ; and the lands subsequently became the property of the Right Hon. Wilham Conyngbam, ancestor of the Marquess Conyngham. The place is within four miles of Oldbridge, where the battle of the Boyne was fought ; and the bridge of Slane has been on many occasions considered, and defended, as a pass of importance. The town is pleasantly situated on the northern bank of the river, which is navigable from its estuary at Drogheda up to Navan : it consists of S3 houses, chiefly modern and of neat appearance ; and the richness of the surrounding scenery renders it one of the most attractive places in the county.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 286

58. Dalkey hill granite quarries supply Kingstown harbour

    Dalkey · townland · Dublin

    Granite of remarkably compact texture was brought from the quarries of Dalkey hill, about two miles from Kingstown, via tramroads laid down for the purpose. The same quarries also supplied material for the bridge over the Menai straits and the harbour of Howth.

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    with respect to the breadth of the entrance, are now cased with circular walls of cut stone, brought up vertically from the bottom with the diviug-bcll. A spacious wharf, 500 feet in length, has been erected along the breast of the harbour, opposite the entrance ; where merchant vessels of any burthen may deliver or receive their cargoes at all times of the tide. At the extremity of the eastern pier is a revolving light, which becomes eclipsed every two minutes. The old pier, which is now inclosed within the present harbour, affords good shelter for small vessels. More than half a million sterling has been already expended upon the construction of this noble harbour, and it is calculated that, to render it complete, about £200,000 more will be requisite. The materials for the piers, wharf, and quays, are granite of remarkably compact texture, brought from the quarries of Dalkey hill, about two miles distant, by means of tramroads laid down for the purpose ; the number of men daily employed was about 600 on the average.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 58

59. Damer family mansion converted to infantry barracks

    Roscrea · town · Tipperary

    The infantry barracks at Roscrea, formerly the mansion of the Damer family, were adapted for officers and 106 non-commissioned officers and privates, with stabling for 4 horses.

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    The TOWN is situated on a small river tributary to the Brosna, and consists of several streets irregularly built, containing 915 houses, most of which are of indifferent appearance ; the remains of its castles and ecclesiastical edifices, which were extensive and stately structures, with its ancient round tower, convey an idea of its former importance, and render it an interesting object as seen from the hills in the neighbourhood, which abounds with picturesque scenery. The infantry barracks, formerly the mansion of the Damer family, are adapted for* officers and 106 non-commissioned officers and privates, with stabling for 4 horses. From its situation in the heart of a fertile district, the town carries on a brisk trade for the supply of the smaller towns in the vicinity, and is the principal mart for the agricultural and other produce of the surrounding country. The manufacture of coarse woollen cloths was established here in 18^2, by Mr. Henry Buckley, and affords employment to about 100 persons ; there are also three flour-mills, two breweries, and two tanneries, in full operation. A branch of the National Bank has been opened. In the excise arrangements the town is within the district of Maryborough. The market days are Thursday and Saturday ; and fairs are held on March 25th, May 7th, June 21st, Aug. 8th, Oct. 9th, and Nov. 29th, when vast quantities of cattle of all kinds and other farming stock are sold. The market-house is commodious, and there are also public shambles. A chief constabulary police force is stationed here: petty-sessions are held every Monday; and a manorial court, in which debts to the amount of £10 Irish are recoverable, is held in the market-house every month before the seneschal. The bridewell contains )2 sleeping-cells, 3 day-rooms, and 2 airing-yards, with a hall which is used also for a chapel.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 263

60. Damer's Court built and later dismantled

    Shronell · townland · Tipperary · 1737–1776

    Damer's Court was built about a century before by John Damer, Esq., and passed to the Earl of Dorchester, then to Lady Caroline Damer, and became the property of the Earl of Portarlington. The large and magnificent mansion was taken down in 1776, leaving only dilapidated offices.

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    SHRONELL, or Shronehill, a parish, in the barony of Clanwilliam, union and county of Tipperary, and province of Munster, 3 miles (S. W.) from Tipperary ; containing 1114 inhabitants. This parish comprises 2806 statute acres ; a portion is arable, but the greater part pasture. The chief seats are Ballinard. Shronehill, and Damcrville. The living is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of Cashel, and in the patronage of the'^Bishop : the tithe rent-charge is £93. 15.; there are 5 acres of glebe, and a glebe-house built in 1S29 by aid of a loan of £310 and a gift of £400 from the Board of First Fruits. The church was built about 1809, and the tower by aid of a loan of £300 in 18 IS from the Board. Damer's Court was built, about a century since, by John Damer, Esq. ; it afterwards passed to the Earl of Dorchester, then to Lady Caroline Damer, his daughter and sole heir, and is now the property of the Earl of Portarlington. The mansion, which was a large and magnificent building, was taken down in 1*76, and little remains but the offices, which are in a state of dilapidation.

    SHROWL.— See Abbeyshrule. SHRUEL, or Shrule, a parish, in the union of Ballymahon, barony of Rathcline, county of Longford, and province of Leinster ; containing, with the post-town of Ballymahon, 36/1 inhabitants. This parish, which derives its name, signifying " the bloody stream, " from a battle fought here in 960 (noticed in

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 277