A topographical dictionary of Ireland : comprising the several counties; cities; boroughs; corporate, market and post towns; parishes; and villages, with historical and statistical descriptions embellished with engravings of the arms of the cities, bishopricks, corporate towns, and boroughs ; and of the seals of the several municipal corporations .. (vol. 2)

Each story keeps the passage it was read from. Open one to read it as the scan has it, and, where the companion has written its own telling, that too. The passages are read off photographs of the page by machine, so a word here and there comes out wrong; they are kept as the reading produced them, so you can check any of them against the scan.

1. Colonel Talbot introduces cotton manufacture to Malahide

   Malahide · town · Dublin

   In the 18th century, Colonel Talbot introduced an extensive cotton manufacture to Malahide, and although the Irish parliament granted £3000 for machinery, the enterprise was ultimately abandoned.

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   The TOWN is situated on a shallow inlet of the Irish Sea, between Lambay Island, to the north, and Ireland's Eye and the promontory of Howth, to the south; it has a pleasing and sequestered character, and contains 107 houses, many of them handsome cottages, chiefly occupied by visiters during the bathing-season, and in some instances by permanent residents. Since the opening of the Drogheda railway, which passes through the town, buildings have been erected of a better description, and an excellent hotel has been opened. In the centre is a well of excellent water, arched over, and dedicated to the Blessed Virgin. The trade, never very extensive, received a great check from the privileges granted to the port of Dublin in the I6th century. 'The cotton manufacture was introduced here on an extensive scale in the last century by Colonel Talbot, father of the present proprietor ; but, though the Irish parliament granted £'iOOO for the completion of the requisite machinery, it was ultimately abandoned. The same gentleman, in 1788, procured an act for the construction of a navigable canal at his own expense, for the conveyance of the imports of this place, through Swords to Fieldstown, for the supply of the surrounding districts, to which they were at that time sent wholly by land-carriage ; but this undertaking was also unsuccessful. The principal trade at present is the exportation of meal and flour, and the importation of coal from Whitehaven and Scotland, of which, on the average, about 15,000 tons are annually imported. There is a small silk-factory ; and the inhabitants derive some advantages from the fishery off the coast, and from an exclusive property in a bed of oysters, which are sent to Dublin in considerable quantities, and are much esteemed. The inlet of Malaliide is 4 miles north from Howth, and extends four miles up the country ; it is dry at low water, but at high water, vessels drawing not more than 10 or 11 feet may enter the creek and lie afloat in the channel. At the entrance is a bar, having only one foot at low water, and the channel is divided by a gravel bank called Muldowney ; both the channels are narrow and tortuous, and are of dangerous navigation without the assistance of a pilot. The town is one of the nine coast-guard stations constituting the district of Swords, and also a constabulary police station.

   Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 133

2. Columbkill's house at Kells, oldest stone-built house in Ireland

   Kells · town · Meath

   A stone-roofed cell known as Columbkill's house, said to be one of the oldest stone-built houses in Ireland, was still traceable at Kells. The town also contained several stone crosses, one noted for beautiful workmanship.

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   session of the late Duke of Sussex. Bracelets or collars, being solid rings of pure gold of very ancient and rude workmanship, were found near Trimleston Castle, in 1S33 ; the largest weighed 12 ounces avoirdupois. The ruins of abbeys, priories, convents, and other monastic edifices, are numerous through every part of the county ; and still more numerous are the names of others now only discoverable by some local name, or traceable in historic records. The ruins of the old monastery of Duleek, said to be the first monastic edifice built of stone and mortar in Ireland, presents some curious and extraordinary traces of rude architecture. At Bective are extensive and picturesque ruins of the wealthy abbey of that name : at Clonard were an abbey of Canons Regular, a convent, and also a cathedral, but nothing now remains except the font of the last ; at Colpe, Newtown, Slane, and Trim, were also abbeys of Canons Regular, all now in ruins. At Killeen and Kilmainham- Wood were commandcries of Knights Hospitallers ; at Ratoath and Skreen, priories of the Augustinian eremites ; at Eirk, near Slane, a hermitage ; at Trim, a priory of Crutched friars ; and on the Holy or Church island, in Lough Sheelin, an abbey of Grey friars : Kilmainham-beg and Teltown belonged to the Dominicans. The whole have long since fallen into ruins. The monasteries of which no ruins remain are, those of Ardbraccan, Ardceath, Ardmulchan, Ardsallagh, Athboy, Ballybogan, Beaumore near Colpe, Beaubeg, Calliagh, Cloonmanan, Disert-tola, Donaghmore, Donaghcarney near Colpe, and Donoughpatrick ; a priory of the Virgin Mary, and the Magdalen Hospital, at Duleek ; abbeys at Dunshaughlin, and Indenen near Slane ; a house of Regular Canons, an hospital of St. John the Baptist, and a chantry, all at Kells ; a house of Regular Canons and a nunnery at Killeen ; an abbey at Navan, on the site of which the cavalry barrack is now built ; priories at Odder and Rosse, south of Taragh ; an abbey of Regular Canons and a chantry at Skreen ; a monastery of Grey Friars, on the site of which the sessions-house at Trim stands ; a nunnery, a Greek church, and a chantry, at Trim ; and Dominican friaries at Kilberry, Lismullen, and Dunshaughlin ; besides several others. Columbkill's house, a stone-roofed cell, said to be one of the oldest stone-built houses in Ireland, is still traceable at Kells ; in which town are also several stone crosses, one in particular of beautiful workmanship. In the cemetery at Castlekicran, in which are the ruins of a small church, is another very fine stone cross richly sculptured.

   Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 149

3. Columnar basalt at Polepatrick townland

   Polepatrick · townland · Derry

   In the townland of Polepatrick within Magherafelt parish, the principal substratum of basalt displays a columnar tendency. Good-quality limestone is also abundant in the parish.

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   The PARISH, which is bounded on the north-east by the river Moyola, comprises, according to the Ordnance survey, 8290^ statute acres ; the greater portion is very productive land, and the system of agriculture is improved. The principal substratum is basalt, which, in the townland of Polepatrick, has a columnar tendency ; limestone of good quality is abundant. The seats are Millbrook, Glenbrook, and Prospect. Considerable improvements are contemplated, tending greatly to promote the prosperity of the district. The lands immediately around it belong to the Salters' Company, and are at present leased for a limited term of years to the Marquess of Londonderry and Sir R. Bateson, Bart. : other lands, in the manor of ISIaghera, belong to the see of Derry ; some, in the manor of Moneymore, to the Drapers' Company ; some, in the manor of Bellaghy, to the Vintners' Company ; and the manor of Castle- Dawson to the Right Hon. G. R. Dawson. The Dublin and Coleraine Junction railway will pass close to the town, and have a station here.

   Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 128

4. Columnar basalt quarry at Kilroot resembling Giants' Causeway

   Kilroot · townland · Antrim

   A regular quarry of columnar basalt has been opened at Kilroot in County Antrim, with pillars dipping northward and nearly as perfect as those of the Giants' Causeway. The tops of four-, five-, and six-sided columns lie only inches below the surface.

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   KILROOT, or Kilroi, a parish, in the union of Larne, barony of Lower Belfast, county of Antrim, and province of Ulster, 2^ miles (E. N. E.) from Carrickfergus, on the road to Larne ; containing 735 inhabitants. At Kilroot Point, the French general Thurot, with three ships and 600 men, landed in 1*60, with a view to attack Carrickfergus, which being at the time unprovided with a regular garrison, was obliged to capitulate. He also threatened to lay siege to Belfast, but on the approach of the forces which were advancing to expel him, he re-embarked his troops at this place, and set sail for France. The parish, which is situated on the bay of Carrickfergus, comprises 2418 statute acres ; the land is in general in a good state of cultivation, and the most improved system of husbandry prevails. Castle Dobbs and Bella Hill are the principal seats : there are some interesting ruins of the ancient mansion of Castle Dobbs. Basalt and limestone exist in great abundance : of the former, a regular quarry of the columnar formation has been opened ; the tops of the columns which are of four, five, and six sides, are only a few inches below the surface. All the pillars dip to the northward, and are nearly as perfect as those of the Giants' Causeway, resembling in some degree the massive columns called the Giants' Organ ; between them are thin layers of decomposed rock ; the ends of the joints are in some almost flat, and in

   K I

   Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 54

5. Comerford tomb of 1622 at Kilree church

   Kilree · townland · Kilkenny · 1622

   At the ruined church of Kilree, County Kilkenny, is the tomb of Richard Comerford and his wife, dated 1622, ornamented with hieroglyphics of the Crucifixion. The site also features an ancient round tower and a decorated stone cross.

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   KILREA, or Kilree, a parish, in the union of Callan, barony of Kells, county of Kilkenny, and province of Leinster, 3 miles (\. W.) from Knocktopher, and near the road from Kilkenny to Waterford ; containing 720 inhabitants. It comprises 1947^ statute acres. The principal seats are Kilree House and Chapel Izod. Kilrea is a rectory, in the diocese of Ossory, forming part of the union of Kells : the tithe rentcharge is £97. 14. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish forms part of the district of Donemagan. Among the ruins of the church is a very handsome and perfect cross, formed of a single block of freestone about eight feet high, ornamented with interlaced rings. Tradition states it to have been erected to commemorate the death of Neill Callan, King of Ireland, who, it is supposed, was drowned while endeavouring to save the life of a nobleman who had fallen into a river. Here is also the tomb of Richard Comerford and his wife, dated 1622, and ornamented with hieroglyphics of the Crucifixion, &c. About 10 feet from the north-western angle of the church, is an ancient round tower, which at four feet above the ground is 50| feet in circumference ; it is about 93 feet high, and the door is five feet from the ground.

   Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 51

6. Commemorative spring on Dublin road, Nenagh

   Nenagh · town · Tipperary · 1822

   A spring of excellent water on the Dublin road at Nenagh is covered by masonry inscribed to commemorate the benevolence of the English nation to the poor of Ireland during a season of extreme distress in 1822. The monument was erected by voluntary contribution.

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   to the Butler family, on April ^4th, May '29th, July 4th, Sept. 4th, Oct. 10th, and Nov. 1st. The first fair held here was called Eanaugh Airoon, that is, " a Fair in Ormond." A brewery is carried on in the town ; and at Tyone, in its immediate vicinity, is a mill, from which large quantities of flour are sent to Dromineer, the nearest steam-boat station on the Shannon, about five miles distant. There is also a small stuff manufactory. The town is supplied with water from wells ; and in 1839 the inhabitants adopted the act 9th George IV. as far as regards paving and cleansing. On the Dublin road is a spring of excellent water, with a covering of masonry on which are inscribed these words : " Erected by voluntary contribution, to commemorate the unparalleled benevolence of the English nation to the poor of Ireland at a season of extreme distress, A.D. 18'2'2." General-sessions are held twice a year, and petty-sessions weekly : there is a court-house for the meetings of the magistrates ; also an old bridewell, consisting of 3 day-rooms, 9 cells, and 2 yards. Nenagh is the residence of a stipendiary magistrate, and a chief constabulary police station. A seneschal's court for the manor was formerly held here. A fever hospital and a dispensary are maintained in the usual manner : three physicians attend the former in monthly rotation, at a salary of £'25 each. There is a small library of works of a religious tendency. An infantry barrack has been built on an eminence at the east end of the town, on the principle of a field fortification, with accommodations for a field-officer, 1'2 commissioned officers, 208 non-commissioned officers and privates, and 4 horses, hospital accommodation for 21 patients, and a magazine. The ruins of the castle, commonly called " Nenagh Round," on one side of Castle-street, consist of a lofty and massive circular donjon, or keep, with a yard attached, surrounded by high walls, which were originally flanked by four circular towers, and entered by a gate with a portcullis : the building appears to be of the age of the first Anglo-Norman proprietor. The fee of the land in and about the town, amounting to .500 acres, is now vested in the Holmes family.

   Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 199

7. Commodore Watson's residence at Brook-Hill

   near Maghera · town · Derry

   Commodore Watson was proprietor of Brook-Hill and resided there briefly before returning to India, where he died of his wounds.

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   the larger. Opposite to these are several large stones, the remains of a cromlech, here called the Giant's Cave ; on ploughing the ground near which, in 183", several urns were found, curiously engraved, and containing human bones. The late Commodore Watson was proprietor of Brook-Hill, and resided here for a short period before his return to India, where he died of his wounds.

   Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 129

8. Conference at Faughart between O'Nial and English, 1596

   Faughart · parish · Louth · 1596

   In 1596, a conference was held at Faughart between O'Nial and O'Donel on the Irish side and the archbishop of Cashel and the Earl of Ormonde for the English government. The English proposed retaining the part of Ulster between the Boyne and Dundalk, but the terms were rejected.

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   The county of Argial, Lowth, or Louth, was one of the four counties of the pale in which, in 1473, a small standing force was appointed to be maintained ; and the mayor of Drogheda, Sir Laurence Taaf, and Richard Bellew, were appointed commanders of the newly instituted Fraternity of Arms for the defence of the English pale. It was overrun by the insurgent chieftains in the reign of Elizabeth, at which time it appears to have formed part of the province of Ulster; for In 1596, in the conference held at Faughart between O'Nial and ODonel on the Irish side, and the archbishop of Cashel

   L o u r

   Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 114

9. Cong's subterranean caverns and mill stream

   Cong · town · Mayo

   Lough Mask pours its surplus waters through numerous caverns beneath an isthmus, emerging as fountains near the village of Cong. The resulting rapid stream turns several powerful mills before joining Lough Corrib.

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   land, about two miles across, here separates it from Lough Mask. This latter lake is 10 miles long by 4 broad, with two arms about a mile distant from each other, stretching into Joyces' Country, the larger projecting four miles, the lesser three : the lake is navigable up the Ballinrobe river, within I5 mile of Ballinrobe town. The gillaroo trout, which is remarkable as having a gizzard larger than that of a turkey, but never any roe, is found in it : both red and white trout are also taken. Lough Mask is 36 feet above the summer level of Lough Corrib ; and the former pours the whole of its redundant waters into the latter, through numerous caverns, beneath the isthmus above noticed : from these caverns the water emerges in some fountains near the village of Cong, whence it flows in a rapid stream, turning several powerful mills, until it mingles with the lower lake. Lough Carra is a very picturesque sheet of water, seven miles long by three broad, studded with woody peninsulas and islands : this lake assumes an appearance not observable in other collections of fresh water, its colour being greenish while that of others is invariably blue ; a peculiarity attributable to the shallowness of its water, which covers a bed of pale yellowish marl. Luugh Dan, the next in order, is much smaller than any of the others in the range ; it is also called Castlebar lake, because its eastern extremity is close to the town of that name. Lough Conn is a fine piece of water, fifteen miles long by five broad, interspersed with islands on which are ruins of castles and of monasteries, and having its borders fringed with woods and ornamented with mansions and villas ; it communicates with the towns of Foxford and Crossmolina, and stretches within two miles of Ballina, and ten of Killala. At the south-eastern extremity of Lough Conn is Lough Culten, sometimes called the Lower Conn ; it is separated from the former lake by a narrow strait, over which a bridge named Pontoon-bridge was built, on the formation of the new mail line to Sligo. An extraordinary phenomenon is visible here, in the alternate ebbing and flowing of the two lakes : the water is seen sometimes rushing with great force through the channel beneath Pontoon-bridge into Lough Cullen ; while at others it runs with equal force from this lake into Lough Conn, and this is often observable when the waters of the upper lake are much swollen by floods from the mountains, while the lower lake, or Cullen, is the natural outlet of the whole of this immense volume of water. The shores of both lakes being composed in many places of a fine red sand, the line of high-water mark can be distinctly traced several inches above the water ; and then in the space of an hour, without any apparent cause, the water rises again to the higher level in the one lake, while it is low water in the other ; numerous unsatisfactory conjectures have been stated relative to this extraordinary fact. Besides the lakes now mentioned there are many others ; the principal are Upper and Lower Lough Aile, Lough Urlor, Lough Samore, Lough Skye, Beltra Lake, Kerramore Lake, and other smaller lakes near Foxford, Manilla, Ballinrobe, Shrule, Annagh, Ballyhaunis, Ballagh, and Kinturk. In this county, as in that of Galway, are numerous turlougbs, which in winter and wet seasons cover large tracts of land, and at other times afford excellent pasture.

   Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 146

10. Conical mount and old church near Kilkea Castle

    Kilkea · parish · Kildare

    Near Kilkea Castle in County Kildare stands a large conical mount covered with trees, and to the east of the castle are the remains of an old church.

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    KILKEA, a parish, in the union of Athy, barony of Kilkea and Mqone, county of Kildare, and province of Leinster, 2^: miles (N. N. W.) from Castlederraot, on the road from that place to Athy ; containing 465 inhabitants. It comprises 3096^^ statute acres ; the principal scats are Milbrook, Kilkea Lodge, Kilkea House, and Kilkea Castle. This castle was built in 1180, by De Lacy, and afterwards passed to the earls of Kildare. In 1414, the O'Mores and O'Dempseys were defeated here by the Lord Justice. The castle was nearly rebuilt by Lord Kildare, in 1426, and now belongs to the Duke of Leinster. The living is a vicarage, in the diocese of Dublin, united to the vicarage of Castledermot, and in the patronage of David C. La Touche, Esq. ; the rectory is impropriate in the Rev. Sir Erasmus Borrowes, Bart. : the tithe rent-charge is £157. 10., two-thirds payable to the impropriator, and one-third to the vicar. In the Roman Catholic divisions this parish forms part of the district of Castledermot. Near Kilkea Castle is a large conical mount covered with trees, and to the east of it are the remains of an old church.

    KILKEARY, a parish, in the union of Nenagh, barony of Upper Ormond, county of Tipperary, and province of Munster, 4 miles (S. E.) from Nenagh, on the road to Cashel ; containing 794 inhabitants. It comprises 2727 statute acres ; the land is generally good, and mostly under tillage. Greenanstown House is the seat of Count D'Alton. The parish is in the diocese of Killaloe, and is a rectory, forming part of the union of Ballynaclough and corps of the deanery of Killaloe : the tithe rent-charge is £90. There are remains here of an old church.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 28

11. Con O'Nial invades Meath and burns Navan

    Navan · town · Meath · 1540–1547

    Towards the close of Henry VIII's reign, Con O'Nial, Prince of Ulster, invaded Meath and pillaged and burned Navan. A cess of 3s. 4d. was subsequently laid on every ploughland in the county to fund inclosing Navan with a wall to prevent recurrence.

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    King John spent some time in this county during his abode in Ireland, and tradition says that he held a parliament at Trim, which however is very doubtful, as there are no traces of its proceedings. A tomb in which one of this king's daughters is said to have been interred, was shewn in the abbey of Newtown, near Trim. About the year V120, Meath was almost ruineil by the private quarrels of Hugh, Earl of Ulster, and William Marshall. 'U'' alter de Lacy having died in 1234 without male issue, his princely possessions descended to his two daughters, the wives of Geoffrey de Geneville and Theobald Verdun. In the reign of Henry VIII., the extensive church property in the county fell into the hands of the king on the dissolution of the monasteries ; and towards the close of the same reign Con O'Nial, King or Prince of Ulster, invaded Meath, and pillaged and burned Navan, in his progress : to prevent a recurrence of this calamity, a cess of 3s. ■id. was laid on every ploughland in the county, to be applied towards inclosing Navan with a wall. In the 34th year of the same king's reign, the division of the county into Meath and Westmeath took place. During the reign of Elizabeth the county was in a state of great wretchedness and destitution, as appears from the report made by Sir Henry Sidney, in 1576, in which he says " that, of the '2'24 parish churches then in the diocese, the walls of many had fallen ; very few chancels were covered, and the windows and doors were spoiled. Fifty-two of these churches, which had vicars endowed, were better maintained and served than the others, yet but badly : S'i of the residue, which belonged to particular lords, though in a better state, were far from well." In the year 1798 a large body of insurgents, who had posted themselves on the hill of Taragh, were routed with considerable loss by a detachment of the king's troops and yeomanry.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 148

12. Consistorial court and records at Navan

    Navan · town · Meath · 1712

    The consistorial court for the diocese is held at Navan. The registrar keeps the diocesan records in the court-house at Navan, with the earliest record dating from 1712.

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    the sea to the river Shannon, 80 miles in length and W in breadth ; and comprising an estimated superficies of 663,600 acres, of which 750 are in Kildare, 4300 in Longford, 9400 in Cavan, 10'2,000 in King's county, 3'24,400 in Meath, and 222,750 in Westmeath. The lands belonging to the see comprise 29,269 statute acres, of which 20,266 are profitable land; and the gross revenue of the bishop, on an average of three years, ending Dec. 1st, 1831, amounted to £5220. 10. The bishop was anciently elected, and the affairs of the diocese are still transacted, by a synod, consisting of an archdeacon and all the beneficed clergy of the diocese ; the common seal is annually deposited in the hands of one of the members by vote of the majority. There is also a dean of Clonmacnois, collated by the bishop. The consistorial court is held at Navan, and consists of a vicar-general, two surrogates, a registrar, deputyregistrar, a proctor-of-ofiice, and three other proctors ; the registrar is keeper of the records, which are preserved in the court-house of Navan, and of which the earliest is dated 1712. The total number of parishes in the diocese is 220, comprised in 105 benefices, of which 47 are unions of two or more parishes, and 58 single parishes ; of these benefices, 24 are in the patronage of the Crown, 22 in lay patronage, and the remainder in that of the Bishop or Licumbents. The total number of churches is 100, and there are six other episcopal places of worship, and 89 glebe-houses. The episcopal palace is near Navan, in the parish of Ardbraccan.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 150

13. Convent and priest's college at Maynooth

    Maynooth · town · Kildare

    Maynooth had a convent of Black nuns and a college of priests founded by the Earl of Kildare. These were part of the extensive religious establishment in the town.

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    There were many celebrated and richly endowed monastic institutions in the county. At Athy was one for Crouched friars and another for Dominicans. Castledermot possessed a priory for Regular Canons, a house of Crouched friars, and a Franciscan abbey, the ruins of which last still serve to attest its former magnificence. The ruins of another Franciscan abbey are to be seen at Clane, where was also a house for Regular Canons. At Graney are the ruins of an Augustinian nunnery ; and a gateway and some other remains of a monastic building, said to have belonged to the Knights Templars, are still shewn there. The ruins of Great Connell Abbey are on the banks of the Liffey, near Newbridge. In Kildare was a nunnery and abbey united, founded by St. Bridget, and of which the ruins are still pointed out ; also an abbey of Grey friars, situated south of the town, and a house of Carmelites or White friars. At Old Kilcullen is a monastery as old as the time of St. Patrick, which in 11 15 was elevated to the dignity of an episcopal see ; but it does not appear that it long retained that rank. Near the ruins of the old church are the remains of two crosses, one of which still retains some very curious specimens of ancient sculpture. Maynooth had a convent of Black nuns, and a college of priests founded by the Earl of Kildare ; the abbey of Killossy has been converted into the parish church, and is remarkable for the singularity of the architecture of its steeple tower ; the monastery of Kilrush was surrounded by a broad ditch faced with masonry ten feet high ; the abbey of Monastereven has been converted into the residence of the Moore family, the representative of which is the Marquess of Drogheda. At Moone was a Franciscan friary, the brotherhood of which retained possession of it subsequently to the Reformation : here is a fragment of a very old cross, one of the most curious in Ireland, covered with numerous grotesque figures. In Naas were three religious establishments ; namely, a convent of Augustiniaus, another of Dominicans, and one for friars Eremites of the order of St. Augustine. Some remains

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 20

14. Convent of grey friars dedicated to St. Bonaventure in Trim

    Trim · town · Meath

    A convent of grey friars dedicated to St. Bonaventure formerly existed in Trim, alongside the Dominican friary and an ancient abbey. The section lists it among the former religious foundations of the town.

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    The remains of the castle are extensive, and form a conspicuous and highly interesting object. The keep is a massive pile strengthened by four lofty square towers, which rise to a considerable height above the other parts of the building; and there are several round towers and other outworks extending to the river Boyne, which flows along their base ; the whole occupying an area of about four acres. The remains of the ancient abbey, in which was preserved an image of the Virgin, that was burnt at the Reformation, consist principally of part of the tower called the Yellow Steeple, onehalf of which was destroyed by Cromwell, against whom it was defended for a considerable time. Here were formerly also, a convent of grey friars, dedicated to St. Bonaventure; a Dominican friary, founded in honour of the Blessed Virgin, in 1263, by Geoffrey de Geneville, Lord of Meath, and in which general chapters of the order were frequently held ; and a chantry in the parish church. At Newtown Clonbun or Trim, about half a mile from the town, on the banks of the Boyne, are extensive remains of other religious foundations, the principal of which are those of a priory of Canons Regular of the order of St. Victor, founded by Simon de Rochfort, Bishop of Meath, about the year 1206 ; the prior was a lord of parliament, and there are still some remains of the fine old church. Adjoining the bridge are the remains of a square tower, whence a regular range of building extends along the water's edge to another tower, near which is the eastern gable of a small chapel with a fine window j and at a short

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 352

15. Convent of St. Bridget in Mountrath

    Mountrath · town · Laois

    A convent of the order of St. Bridget in Mountrath consisted of a superior, eleven professed nuns, and one lay sister, engaged in educating young ladies and superintending a school for poor children.

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    been erected. The parish church, a handsome structure, is situated in the town : it was nearly rebuilt and considerably enlarged in 183'2, by a grant from the Board of First Fruits, and by subscription ; and further alterations have been made by means of a grant from the Ecclesiastical Commissi(mers. Mountrath is the head of a Roman Catholic district, comprising part of the parish of Clonenagh : there are two chapels, one in the town, and the other at Clonad ; the former a very large cruciform building. In Coote-street is a monastery of the order of St. Patrick, in which are a superior and eight monks, who superintend a classical boardingschool, a school for the middling classes, and another in connexion with the Board of National Education. In the town is also a convent of the order of St. Bridget, consisting of a superior, eleven professed nuns, and one lay sister ; some of whom are engaged in the education of young ladies of the higher classes, and others in superintending a school for poor children in connexion with the board above-mentioned. There are places of worship for the Society of Friends, and for Wesleyan and Primitive Methodists ; and a dispensary is supported in the usual manner. The parochial school, situated in the town, is under the patronage of Sir Charles H. Coote and Lady Coote, who entirely support it : the building, which is large, was erected in 18'20, at an expense of £500, defrayed partly by subscription, and partly by a donation of .•fc'iSO from Sir Charles, who also gave an acre of ground for its site ; it was enlarged in IS'il, at an additional expense of £350, half of which was contributed by subscription, and the remainder from the Lord-Lieutenant's fund.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 174

16. Convent of St. Clare removed from Dublin to Newry, 1830

    near Newry · town · Down · 1830

    A convent of the order of St. Clare was removed from Dublin to Newry in 1830. The house was presented to the community by the Rev. J. Gilmer of Rostrevor, and the nuns subsequently built a Gothic chapel and a school-house for female children.

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    the north of Newry, where there was formerly a house of lay friars, which has been transferred to the town ; in which also is a seminary for preparing the youth of the Roman Catholic church for Maynooth college. A convent of the order of St. Clare was removed hither from Dublin, in 1830 : the house, with its appendages, was presented to the community by the Rev. J. Gilmer, of Rostrevor ; since which time the nuns have built a large and handsome chapel in the Gothic style, and also a school-house for the education of female children. There are in the town a congregation of Presbyterians in connexion with the General Assembly, who have a large and elegant meeting-house ; one in connexion with the Remonstrant Synod ; and one till lately connected with the Seceding Synod ; also places of worship for Independents, Primitive and Independent Wesleyan Methodists, and Kellyites.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 212

17. Conway castle and manor of Killultagh at Lisburn

    near Lisburn · town · Antrim · 1627

    In 1627 Charles I granted the remainder of the manor of Killultagh to Edward Viscount Conway, who built a castle that became the head of a manor. English and Welsh families were induced to settle, and a town of more than fifty houses arose.

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    LISBURN, an unincorporated borough, a markettown, a parish, and the head of a union, partly in the barony of Upper Massereene, county of Antrim, and partly in the barony of Upper Castiereagh, but chiefly in that of Lower Iveagh, county of Down, and province of Ulster, 6 miles (S. W. by S.) from Belfast, and 73 (N.) from Dublin; containing 15,015 inhabitants, of whom 75*24 are in the borough. This place was in the reign of James I. (and long after) called Lisnegarvey, and, though now a populous and flourishing town, was at that time a very inconsiderable village. Its rapid increase in population and importance may be attributed to Edward, Viscount Conway, to whom, in 16'27, Charles I. granted the remainder of the manor of Killultagh (a portion of which had been given by James to the viscount's ancestor. Sir Fulk Conway)j and who, on obtaining possession of this property, built a castle, which became the head of a manor. The same grant conferred the privileges of courts leet and baron, view of frank-pledge, manorial courts for debts not exceeding £'2, a court of record every three weeks for sums not exceeding £20, a weekly market, and two annual fairs. Soon after the erection of the castle, some English and Welsh families were induced by the proprietor to settle here, and a town consisting of more than fifty houses arose.

    On the breaking out of the war in 1641, a body of 1000 men assembled here, and preserved the town for some time from the attempts of the insurgents, whose detached parties were held in check ; but on the 28th of November in that year, the garrison consisting only of five newly raised companies and Lord Conway's troop

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 80

18. Cookstown limestone with organic remains

    near Cookstown · town · Tyrone

    Near Cookstown a unique limestone species containing a great variety of organic remains is found. The vein extends southwards to Stewartstown and is disposed in strata varying from five inches to four feet in thickness.

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    The county exhibits some very striking geological features. The red sandstone formation embraces a considerable portion of its southern and eastern parts, while the greater part of the north and west belongs to the clay-slate formation. In both districts are considerable exceptions. The clay-slate is intersected by a vein of micaceous limestone, which first appears in the bed of the river Poe ; thence passing near Newtown-Stewart and crossing the Munterlowny mountains, it terminates near the village of Dunamanagh, in the northern extremity of the county. Detached portions of limestone, similar to that of the great central field of Ireland, are to be met with in many parts : white limestone, containing numerous nodules of flint, like that of Antrim, is found near Coagh. Near Cookstown is a species dissimilar to all the others, and containing a great variety of organic remains ; the vein extends southwards to Stewartstown, and is disposed in strata varying from five inches to four feet in thickness. But the most remarkable geological feature of the county is its co.\l f(jrmafion, in which, though the field is of small extent as compared with those in the south and west of Ireland, it surpasses them in the thickness of the seams and quality of the mineral. The district around this coal field contains rocks of every class, from the most ancient of the primary to the latest of the secondary or alluvial formations. In the Coal-Island works the coal rests on fire-clay, in Drumglass on soft porous sandstone, and in Annahoe on blue clunch ; but as the country in which the collieries are situated is covered with alluvial soil to the depth of from '20 to 30 feet, it is often difficult to trace the various beds. In its external aspect, the coal district is in general similar to that composed of sandstone ; the surface exhibiting an assemblage of 620 ^ ^

    low hills with steep acclivities and flattened summits, rarely exceeding 100 feet in height : when higher, their upper part is generally composed either of new red sandstone or of trap.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 366

19. Coolattin Park, seat of Earl Fitzwilliam

    Coolattin Park · townland · Wicklow

    Coolattin Park is the handsome seat and property of Earl Fitzwilliam, residence of his lordship's agent. The mansion is very large, situated in a fine park of about 400 acres, tastefully laid out and planted with a variety of forest-trees.

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    SHILLELAGH, an ecclesiastical district, and the head of a union, in the harony of Shillelagh, county of WiCKLOw, and province of Leinstkk, 3 miles (N. W.) from Carnew, on the road to Tuilow, and contiguous to the small river Dcrry : the population is returned with Carnew, out of which this district was formed in 1833 ; the village of Shillelagh contains 186 inhabitants. The district takes its name from the wood of Shillelagh, once the most celebrated forest in Ireland for the excellence of its oak, which was exported to diU'erent parts of Europe ; and it is said that Turlogh, King of Leinster, sent hence the oak for the roof of Westminster Hall to William Rufus. Agriculture has much improved here within the last few years ; the late Earl Eitzwilliam reclaimed an extensive tract of bog and waste land by draining and trenching, under the superintendence of Mr. Mill, from Scotland. Adjoining the village are extensive flour, carding, and bone mills, and a bleaching green. The villages of CooUattin and Coolboy are within the district, as is also the handsome seat of CooUattin Park, the property of Earl Fitzwilliam and the residence of his lordship's agent; the mansion is very large, and situated in a fine park of about 400 acres, tastefully laid out, and planted with a variety of forest-trees. In the district are also Hillbrook, pleasantly situated in a rich demesne embellished with timber ; and Coolboy House. The living is a perpetual curacy, in the diocese of Ferns, and in the patronage of the Rector of Carnew : there is neither glebe nor glebe-house. The church, erected in 1834, is in a picturesque situation, and in the mixed Gothic style of architecture, with a tower embattled, and surmounted with a spire ; the interior is elegantly fitted up, and the whole is of hewn granite : the cost was £'2500, of which sum the Board of First Fruits gave £900, the remainder being supplied by Earl Fitzwilliam, excepting a sum received for the sale of a few seats. In the Roman Catholic divisions Shillelagh forms part of the district of Carnew and Crosspatrick. Here is a lending library. The workhouse of the union, on a site of 6^ acres held at a rent of £8, was completed in 1841 at a cost of £.5300, for 400 inmates.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 277

20. Cooley monastery ruins destroyed 1688

    Moville Upper · parish · Donegal

    The remains of the monastery at Upper Moville are called Cooley, meaning 'the City.' The building was used as the parish church before the Reformation and continued until destroyed during the civil wars of 1688.

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    MOVILLE, UPPER, a parish, in the union and barony of Ennishowen, county of Donegal, and province of Ulster, 15 miles (N. N. E.) from Londonderry, on the road to Greencastle ; containing 5069 inhabitants. St. Patrick founded a monastery here, called Maghbhile and Domnachbhile, over which he placed yEngusius, the son of Olild ; it soon became celebrated for its wealth ; and notices of its abbots occur from the year 590 to 953 : among them was the celebrated St. Finian. The remains are called Cooley, meaning " the City," probably from a large number of persons having settled around this famous pile, which appears, from what is left of the western and southern walls, to have been a very extensive edifice. For some time before the Reformation it was used as the parish church, and it so continued until destroyed during the civil wars of 1688. In the adjoining cemetery is a very ancient tomb, said to be that of St. Finian ; and outside the walls stands a lofty and handsome stone cross, hewn out of one block, and in good preservation. The ruins occupy a gentle eminence near the shores of Lough Foyle, commanding a full view of the Atlantic.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 176

21. Coote Hall fortification remains in Tumna parish

    Tumna · townland · Roscommon

    Old Coote Hall in the parish of Tumna presents curious remains of fortification in a tower and ruined walls. It is noted among the county's antiquities alongside ruined mansions at Belanagare, Kilmore and near Athleague.

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    The most numerous class of antiquities is the raths, which abound in the northern and middle baronies, though less frequent in the south. No less than 470 are marked on the grand jury map of the county ; and the people generally regard them with veneration, deeming it unlucky to disturb or cultivate them. At Jamestown are two, remarkable for being situated so close to each other that the encircling trenches join ; there is a still more curious circular fortification at Lough Glynn, and at Oran are the remains of an ancient round tower. The monastic remains are also various and interesting : Archdall enumerates 50 religious establishments of various kinds ; and there are still interesting and picturesque ruins of Boyle Abbey ; of that at Clonshanvill ; of Trinity Abbey, on the shore of Lough Kea ; of the priory of Inchmacneerin, an island in the same lake ; of Tulsk Abbey ; of the Dominican convent at Roscommon; of Dcrane Abbey, two miles north-east from Roscommon ; and of Clontuskert Abbey, in the same vicinity. There are also a large old church and other ecclesiastical ruins at St. John's. Several remains of small castles are scattered through the county, undeserving of particular notice. The following are most remarkable : the old castle of Lough Glynn j the fortress on Castle Island, in Lough Kea, anciently belonging to Mac Dermct ; Ballynafad Castle, the ancient seat of O'Conor Roe ; the extensive ruins of Roscommon Castle ; those of Ballintobber Castle, belonging anciently to O'Conor Don ; the old keep of Athlone Castle ; the ruined fortress and fortified isthmus of St. John's; and the old castle of Ballinasloe. Old Coote Hall, in the parish of Tumna, presents curious remains of fortification in a tower and ruined walls ; and at Belanagare, Kilmore, and near Athleague, are ruined mansions, conspicuous by their tall ornamented chimneys and high gables. Among the other antiquities may be noticed the old bridge of Athlone, the inscription on which states it to have been built 4S3

    Rose

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 260

22. Coote Street monastery of St. Patrick, Mountrath

    Mountrath · town · Laois

    A monastery of the order of St. Patrick in Coote Street, Mountrath, housed a superior and eight monks who superintended a classical boarding-school and schools connected with the Board of National Education.

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    been erected. The parish church, a handsome structure, is situated in the town : it was nearly rebuilt and considerably enlarged in 183'2, by a grant from the Board of First Fruits, and by subscription ; and further alterations have been made by means of a grant from the Ecclesiastical Commissi(mers. Mountrath is the head of a Roman Catholic district, comprising part of the parish of Clonenagh : there are two chapels, one in the town, and the other at Clonad ; the former a very large cruciform building. In Coote-street is a monastery of the order of St. Patrick, in which are a superior and eight monks, who superintend a classical boardingschool, a school for the middling classes, and another in connexion with the Board of National Education. In the town is also a convent of the order of St. Bridget, consisting of a superior, eleven professed nuns, and one lay sister ; some of whom are engaged in the education of young ladies of the higher classes, and others in superintending a school for poor children in connexion with the board above-mentioned. There are places of worship for the Society of Friends, and for Wesleyan and Primitive Methodists ; and a dispensary is supported in the usual manner. The parochial school, situated in the town, is under the patronage of Sir Charles H. Coote and Lady Coote, who entirely support it : the building, which is large, was erected in 18'20, at an expense of £500, defrayed partly by subscription, and partly by a donation of .•fc'iSO from Sir Charles, who also gave an acre of ground for its site ; it was enlarged in IS'il, at an additional expense of £350, half of which was contributed by subscription, and the remainder from the Lord-Lieutenant's fund.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 174

23. Copper deposits in Kilmoe mountain streams

    near Kilmoe · parish · Cork

    Deposits of copper are found in various places throughout the mountains of Kilmoe parish, and masses of copper are visible in the mountain streams, though no mines have been opened. The mountains are of schistose formation with veins of quartz.

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    KILMOE, a parish, in the union of Skibbereen, Western division of the barony of West C.irbery, county of Cork, and province of Munster; containing, with the villages of Rock Island and Crookhaven (both of which are described under their respective heads), 7'234 inhabitants. It forms a peninsula on the southern coast, bounded by Dunmanus bay and Crookhaven j and comprises 13,994 statute acres. About one-third of the land is under tillage, chiefly by spade husbandry, and the remainder is bog and mountain land, but the bases of the mountains afiford good pasturage ; the highest mountain is Cahir, near ^lizen Head. The scenery is very bold and interesting. The mountains are of schistose formation, based on argillaceous grit, with veins of quartz intermingled ; deposits of copper are found in various places, and masses of it are to be seen in the mountain streams, but no mines have been ojjened. There are several small lakes. On the western and southern boundaries are three remarkable headlands; namely, Three- Castle Head; Mizen Head, called by Ptolemy Xotiiim, or the South Promontory, it being the most south-western land in Ireland, in lat. 51° 26' 16", and Ion. 9' 50'; and Brow Head, also said to be the \oiium of Ptolemy. Dunmanus bay, which bounds the parish on the north-west, has deep water and good anchorage almost as far up as Mannin Island, but is greatly exposed to westerly winds, and is little frequented except by small vessels, which can ride in Dunmanus creek or above Mannin Island. Besides this island, there are in the bay, Owen, Horse, Colt, Lamb, Bird, Furze, and Carbery Islands, of which, the last is 144

    K I L— M O

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 46

24. Copper mines at Knockmahon near Bonmahon

    Knockmahon · townland · Waterford

    The copper mines at Knockmahon, near Bonmahon, were operated scientifically and expensively by the Mining Company of Ireland, employing 1000 persons with an annual produce of 4000 to 5000 tons valued at £9 per ton. They had the most complete machinery in Ireland.

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    burned for manure. Near Annstown, farther westward, occur both conglomerate and basalt ; and a range of traprock of a columnar tendency projects into the sea. In the high laud extending from Dunhill towards Waterford are occasionally found large masses of very beautiful jaspar. Along the coast, the rocks are rich in metallic veins ; and the elevation and abruptness of the cliffs greatly facilitate their discovery. Lead and copper ores have been found at Annstown and Bonmahon, near which the copper-mines at Knockmahon are carried on most scientifically and expensively by the Mining Company of Ireland, which has a lease of the royalties of the district. These mines have the most complete machinery in Ireland, and give employment to 1000 persous ; the annual produce is from 4000 to 5000 tons, valued at £9 per ton. A lead-mine, the ore of which contains a considerable portion of silver, in the parish of Ballylaneen, belongs to the same company ; but has not yet been worked. In the conical hill of Cruach, in the parish of Reisk, a rich vein of lead-ore, containing a large proportion of silver, was formerly worked to a great extent ; and on the strand of Kilmurrin, lead-ore containing silver is dug from among the sand. The south-eastern angle of the county is wholly composed of sandstone and conglomerate, throughout a line of coast three leagues in extent. The sea has in some places laid bare a clear uninterrupted sheet of the rock, exposed in one plane at low water for 300 yards in length and .50 in breadth. The conglomerate of this coast bears all the marks of the detritus of a primary country ; it sometimes forms a thick and apparently unstratified mass, resting on finer stratified sandstone ; and sometimes it is interstratified with the latter, as well as with very fine-grained reddishbrown micaceous sandstone, which is of a very perishable nature.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 375

25. Copper mines at Muckross yielding cobalt

    Muckross · townland · Kerry

    Copper of a golden colour was raised at Muckross, and when the mines were worked, grey cobalt and cobalt-bloom were found in considerable quantities. The mines are no longer in operation.

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    Iron is found plentifully in the southern baronies, where there were two manufactories of it, one at Killamey, the other at Blackstones, but both have been long since discontinued from want of fuel. Lead-ore is found in many parts. Copper of a golden colour was raised at Muckross, and when the mines were worked, grey cobalt and cobalt-bloom were found in considerable quantities ; purple copper at Ardfert ; and marcasites of copper in Glanerought. The marble of Tralee has spots like that of Kilkenny, but larger, and fuller of sparry substance; it takes a high polish. Marble of inferior quality is found in several other parts. In some of the islands in the bay of Kenmare is a variegated marble of red and white, interspersed with yellow, green, and purple spots. A grey marble in Cappanacoss Island was formerly extensively worked by Sir William Petty. Near Castleisland is found the Lapis Hibernicus auctoTiim, or " Irish slate ;" its taste is sour, and it abounds with common green copperas, for extracting which works were erected at Tralee, but were relinquished for want of a market. Pipe-clay, potters'-clay, fullers'-earth, brown ochre, and rotten-stone, like tripoli, are met with in various places. Very fine amethysts have been found in the cliffs near Kerry Head ; and sulphur appears on the north of Cashen river, near Ballybunnian. A kind of whetstone used for razors is found near the Devil's Punch-Bowl. Fossil shells are to be met with in most places where there is limestone ; they are chiefly of the cockle kind, and generally consist of lumps of sparry matter, the shell being wholly decomposed, and only the shape remaining. Coraloids are also discernible. Of the plants peculiar to this county, or only found on the ridge that separates it from the county of Cork, the most remarkable is the arbutus, which, with the yew and holly, gives a perpetual verdure to the natural woods of Killarney. The prostrate juniper occurs on the shore near Derriquin, on the Kenmare estuary. Saxifrages in numerous varieties descend from the summit of the Reeks to the sea-shore ; and those plants tliat luxuriate in a moist climate are more numerous and diversified in Kerry, than in any other county in Ireland : such are of the orders Musci, Hcpaticce, and Lichetics, and of these, several new species have been added to the British list.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 11

26. Copper mine worked at Gortdrum in 1825

    Gortdrum · townland · Tipperary · 1825

    A copper-mine was opened at Gortdrum around 1825 but the workings were soon abandoned. Lord Stanley had been improving stock in the surrounding area, importing Durham bulls for his tenants' use.

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    the land being deemed better adapted for pasture than grain ; the farmers confine themselves very much to the management of the dairy. Great attention has been paid by Lord Stanley to the improvement of the stock 5 he has imported several Durham bulls, which his tenants have the use of gratuitously. A copper-mine was worked at Gortdrum in IS'25, but the workings were soon abandoned. The seat of Lord Stanley at Ballykisteen, on the Limerick road, is an elegant modern building, situated in a very fertile and improving part of the country, and commanding a fine view of the range of the Galtee mountains. The parish is a rectory, in the diocese of Emly, forming part of the union of CuUen : the tithe rent-charge is £'236. 1. 6. There is a Roman Catholic chapel at the village of Solloghod. Some traces e.xist of Danish encampments.

    SOWEY, county of Sligo. — See Ballinakill.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 297

27. Copper ore at Horse Island and Cappach

    near Horse Island · townland · Cork

    Very pure copper ore was found at Horse Island and Cappach in the Skull parish. Mining operations were carried out by a company working the deposits in this area of Cork.

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    Horse Island, about a mile and a half distant. The ore found at Cappach and Horse Island is very pure. The same company, in 1S35, opened e.\tensive slate-quarries at Audley's Cove and at Filemuck, in this parish, in which .lOO men were constantly employed : the slate is of e-xcellent quality, compact, hard, and durable ; and great quantities were sent to London and other English markets, where it was in great demand. Trials for copper ore and slate have also been made with success in various other parts of the parish, and new mines have been opened, the working of which is highly beneficial, by providing employment to the dense population of this wild and hitherto almost unknown portion of the county. The mines and quarries of the company, situated close to the shores of Roaring-'Water bay, upon a small creek called Audley's Cove, have been abandoned ; but the mine of Cosheen, on Skull harbour, is still worked, and produces the very finest ore. The bay is accessible to vessels of 600 tons' burthen : the harbour of Skull is well sheltered, the ground level, and the water in the anchorage averaging from three to four fathoms ; the entrance is perfectly safe, and at all times practicable, there being only one rock, which is situated nearly in the centre and is dry at two hours' ebb. A new line of road parallel with the shore, and leading from Skibbereen to Rock Island and Crookhaven, has been constructed, and will materially benefit the trade of the place. The village contains about 100 houses, several of which are modern and well built ; and has a receiving-house for letters in conne.xion with Skibbereen. A fair for cattle, sheep, and pigs, is held at Skull on the .5th of January ; and fairs are also held in the village of Ballydehob, which see. A constabulary police force is stationed here, and also at Ballydehob ; coast-guard stations are kept up on Long Island and at Skull. A manorial court is held at Lemcon every third Monday, at which debts under £5 are recoverable ; there is an ecclesiastical manor belonging to the bishop, for which a court is held occasionally ; and a third court is held by the seneschal of the manor of Ballydehob. Pettysessions are held at Ballydehob every alternate week.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 286

28. Copper pyrites vein formerly wrought at Benbo

    Benbo · mountain or mountain range · Leitrim

    The western side of Benbo mountain was traversed by a metallic vein containing copper pyrites which was formerly wrought. Veins of sulphuret of lead were also largely wrought between Benbo and Lurganboy.

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    The GEOLOGY of the county presents many remarkable features. The lowest strata are those of the primary mountain range entering from the county of Sligo and extending from south-west to north-east : this range is mostly composed of mica-slate ; a green steatite, thickly studded with valuable garnets, has been found at the foot of a mountain near Lurganboy. On the western base of Benbo, a clay of a blueish- white hue has been found, and used for fullers' -earth ; the western side of the same mountain is traversed by a metallic vein containing copper pyrites, which was formerly wrought. Veins of the sulphuret of lead have also been largely wrought in several places between Benbo and Lurganboy. This primary range is generally bordered on both sides by beds of variously coloured freestone, to which limestone succeeds in every direction, occupying the remainder of the northern portion of the county and forming part of the great limestone field of Ireland. All the central portion of the county forms part of the Counaught coal field, constituting a vast basin of which Lough Allen is the centre. The principal vein of coal is about three feet thick, of very great extent, and of excellent quality both for domestic purposes and for smelting ; but the beds are often interrupted by faults, by which portions of the strata are broken and thrown upwards from 20 to 40 yards. It 216

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 70

29. Copper veins at Loughshinny

    near Loughshinny · street · Dublin

    At Loughshinny in the parish of Lusk there are veins of copper, though no mines have been worked there. The parish also contains limestone quarries with beautiful crystals and fullers'-earth.

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    The parish comprises 16,183^ statute acres, and is divided into three parts, called East, West, and Middle Lusk. The land, with the exception of about 150 acres of sand-hills, is fertile and in good cultivation: loO^ acres are appropriate to the economy fund of the cathedral of St. Patrick, Dublin; and there ar^- about 200 acres of common, which is good grazing-land. Here are some quarries of limestone, in which are found beautiful crystals ; and of stone of proper quality for building : fullers'-earth is also found in the parish, and at Loughshinny are veins of copper, but no mines have been worked. The principal seats are, Corduff House, at one time occupied by Stanihurst, the historian ; Knock Ardmin; Rochestown ; Bettyville ; and Kennure Park, belonging to Sir Roger Palmer, Bart. The village 28-

    is pleasantly situated on the road from Dublin, and the surrounding scenery is agreeably diversified. At Rogerstown is a quay for landing coal ; and from a document dated 1175, prohibiting the illicit exportation of corn, and the departure of any of the retinue of William de Windsor from the port of Lusk, it appears that thin place formerly possessed some maritime importance. Fairs are held on May 4th, June 24th, July 25lh, and Nov. 25th, chiefly for cattle. Here are a rcceiving-houve for letters in connexion with Swords, a constabulary police station, and a coast-guard station belonging to the district of Swords.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 119

30. Coppingerstown castle ruins of the Fitzgeralds

    Coppingerstown · townland · Cork

    At Coppingerstown stand the ruins of a castle belonging to the Fitzgerald family.

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    At Bailick are some remains of Castle Redmond, built by Redmond Fitzgerald, or Fitz-Edmund, in the reign of Henry VIII., and in which the last Roman Catholic bishop of Cloyne prior to the Reformation was born. At Cahirmore are some remains of the castle built in 1579 by R. Fitzgerald or Barry, from which the seneschal of Imokilly was driven out by Captain Raleigh, in 1580, and obliged to take refuge in Chore Abbey, in the churchyard of Midleton, whence he was also compelled to retreat by the same assailant. The abbey, which wa.s a stately edifice of great strength, was rebuilt by the Knights Templars in 1'298, and the last remains of it were taken down to afford a site for the present church. At Coppingerstown are the ruins of a castle of the Fitzgeralds ; on the south side of the town are some very slight remains of an hospital, founded by Edward I. ; at Ballinacurra are the ruins of the old parish church ; and at Ballyannan the remains of the mansion built by the first Lord Midleton. A large belt and the horns of a moose-deer have been found in a bog on Lord Midleton's estate ; and on Killeagh Farm, numerous silver coins of the reign of Elizabeth. Midleton gives the title of Viscount to the family of Brodrick.

    MILESTOWN, a village, in the parish of Kilsaran, union and barony of Ardee, county of Louth, and province of Leinster, ^ of a mile (S.) from Castle- Bellingham, on the road to Dublin ; containing about 23 houses and 108 inhabitants.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 153

31. Corduff House and Stanihurst the historian

    near Corduff · street · Dublin

    Corduff House in the parish of Lusk was at one time occupied by Stanihurst, the historian. It is listed among the principal seats of the parish along with Knock Ardmin, Rochestown, Bettyville, and Kennure Park.

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    The parish comprises 16,183^ statute acres, and is divided into three parts, called East, West, and Middle Lusk. The land, with the exception of about 150 acres of sand-hills, is fertile and in good cultivation: loO^ acres are appropriate to the economy fund of the cathedral of St. Patrick, Dublin; and there ar^- about 200 acres of common, which is good grazing-land. Here are some quarries of limestone, in which are found beautiful crystals ; and of stone of proper quality for building : fullers'-earth is also found in the parish, and at Loughshinny are veins of copper, but no mines have been worked. The principal seats are, Corduff House, at one time occupied by Stanihurst, the historian ; Knock Ardmin; Rochestown ; Bettyville ; and Kennure Park, belonging to Sir Roger Palmer, Bart. The village 28-

    is pleasantly situated on the road from Dublin, and the surrounding scenery is agreeably diversified. At Rogerstown is a quay for landing coal ; and from a document dated 1175, prohibiting the illicit exportation of corn, and the departure of any of the retinue of William de Windsor from the port of Lusk, it appears that thin place formerly possessed some maritime importance. Fairs are held on May 4th, June 24th, July 25lh, and Nov. 25th, chiefly for cattle. Here are a rcceiving-houve for letters in connexion with Swords, a constabulary police station, and a coast-guard station belonging to the district of Swords.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 119

32. Corn exportation riot in Waterford, 1732

    Waterford · city · Waterford · 1732

    In 1732, a tumultuous assembly in Waterford attempted to prevent the exportation of corn, reflecting civil unrest over food supply in the city.

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    James IL, on the day after the battle of the Boyne, arrived at this place, and immediately embarked for France in a ship which lay in the harbour ready to receive him. On the "Oth of July, Major-General Kirk advanced with a body of forces from Carrick, and despatched a trumpeter to the city to summon the garrison to surrender ; this was at first refused in mild terms, but soon after, the citizens sent to know the terms that would be granted, which, being the same as those offered to the garrison of Drogheda, were rejected. The garrison then demanded the enjoyment of their estates, the freedom of their religion, and liberty to march out with their arms and baggage, which being refused, preparations were made for a regular siege ; but on the 25th the garrison was allowed to march out with arms and baggage, and was conveyed to Mallow. On the following day King William entered the city, and took measures to prevent the property of any person from being damaged ; on his return from the siege of Limerick, he embarked at this port on the 5th of September, for England. At the close of this century the city is represented as being in a wretched condition ; the houses in ruin, the streets filthy and uneven, and the roads extremely bad ; but, under the management of successive mayors, it was greatly improved both in comfort and appearance early in the following century. In 1732, a tumultuous assembly attempted to prevent the exportation of corn ; another riotous meeting, occasioned by the scarcity of provisions, took place in 1744, when the military were called to suppress the riot, and some lives were lost. In the rebellion of 1798 the citizens took no part; meetings of United Irishmen were held here, but the peace of the city was preserved by the victory gained over the insurgents at Ross. 638

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 381

33. Cornu ammonis fossils in rock near Portrush

    near Portrush · town · Antrim

    In the immediate neighbourhood of Portrush, a rock contains large and perfect specimens of the cornu ammonis embedded within it. Various other species of fossils are also frequently discovered in the area.

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    Close to the town is a beautiful and extensive strand, and at its southern extremity is a range of cliffs of white limestone, in which are several caves. Near it are some hills formed wholly of sand drifted by the northern winds ; some of these are of recent formation, as the rich vegetable soil, bearing evident marks of cultivation, can be traced beneath them. After a violent storm in 18'27, which swept away some of the sand, the remains of an ancient town w^e exposed to view, shewing the foundations of the houses, in which were found domestic utensils, moose-deer's horns, spearheads of brass, and other military weapons. In the immediate neighbourhood is a rock in which are imbedded large and perfect specimens of the cornu ammonis : various other species of fossils are frequently discovered. A new line of road from this place to Portstewart passes along the cliffs close to the shore ; a road along the cliffs from Portrush to Bushmills will be continued to Ballycastle ; and a railroad to Coleraine is in contemplation.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 231

34. Corporation almshouse on site of St. Nicholas's church

    Limerick · city · Limerick

    The Corporation almshouse was erected soon after the siege of Limerick on ground anciently occupied by St. Nicholas's church, accommodating 22 reduced widows who each received 40 shillings a year and the use of a garden. The site thus preserves the memory of a vanished medieval church.

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    The oldest almshouse is that of Dr. Hall, founded about the 'commencement of the last century. The present neat and convenient edifice, erected in 1761, contains apartments for thirteen men and twelve women, who receive each £5 a year ; also schoolrooms, and an Episcopal chapel. The annual income is £304, part of which is applied to the use of Hall's school, already noticed, and to some minor endowments. The Corporation almshouse, erected soon after the siege of Limerick, on ground anciently occupied by St. Nicholas's church, is adapted to the reception of 22 reduced widows, each having 40 shillings a year and the use of a garden. The corporation also pays certain annuities to the widows of aldermen and burgesses. St. George's Parochial Asylum, instituted by the late Rev. 'W. Deane Hoare, accommodates 14 Protestant widows. Mrs. f'illiers almshouse, erected a few years ago, in pursuance of the will of Mrs. Hannah Villiers, is a handsome Gothic structure of stone, forming three sides of a square ; and is for 12 Protestant or Presbyterian widows, each of whom receives £24 Irish per annum : a preference is to be given to any descendant of the testatrix who may apply for admission. The widow of Alderman Craven founded an almshouse for poor Protestant widows : the building has been taken down ; but 50 widows of the parishes of St. Mary, St. John, and St. Munchin, annually receive £4 each ; the remainder of the endowment is divided at Christmas among the poor. The same lady left £60, the interest of which is given to confined debtors and the poor of the city parishes. The widow of George Rose, Esq., deposited £800 in the hands of the dean and chapter, the interest to be distributed every Christmas equally among sixteen widows. The interest of divers sums given at various periods by the members of the Pery family, amounting to £17 per annum, is distributed among the poor of St. John's parish. St. John's parochial almshouse for seven Protestant widows is supported by subscriptions, and by bequests of Mrs. Craven, Mrs. Crone, and the Earl of Ranfurly. Mrs. Ban/is having bequeathed the sum of £8768. 12.8. to trustees for charitable purposes, it was apportioned to the Fever Hospital, the Female Orphan Asylum, the Lying-in Hospital, the House of Industry, the County Infirmary, and the Dispensary.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 79

35. Corporation Hall on the Diamond

    near Derry · city · Derry · 1622–1825

    The Corporation Hall in Derry sits on the site of the original town-house built by the Irish Society in 1622. The corporation erected the building in 1692, and it was known as the Market-house or Exchange until it was rebuilt in 1825.

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    The Corporation Hall, in the centre of the Diamond, and on the site of the original town-house built by the Irish Society in 16'2'2, was erected by the corporation in 169'2, and, till 1825, when it was rebuilt by the corporation, was called the Market-house or Kxchange: the south front, in which is the principal entrance, is circular. The upper story contains a common-council room, an assembly-room, and an ante-chamber. On the ground floor, which was formerly open for the sale of meal and potatoes, but was closed in 1S25, is a news-room established by the corporation in that year. The Court-house, completed in 1817 at an expense of £30,479. 15., including the purchase of the site and furniture, is a handsome building of white sandstone, chiefly from the neighbourhood of Dungivcn, ornamented with Portland stone, and erected from a design by Mr. John Bowden. It measures 126 feet by 66, and exhibits a facade judiciously broken by a tetrastyle portico of the enriched Ionic order, modelled from that of the temple of Erectheus at Athens : over the jjediment are the royal arms ; and the wings are surmounted by statues of Justice and Peace sculptured in Portland stone by the late Edward Smith. The principal apartments are the crown and record courts, the mayor's public and private offices, the offices of the recorder, treasurer, and clerks of the crown and peace, the judges' room, and the grand-jury room : in addition to the assizes, sessions, and mayor's court, the county and other meetings are held in it. The Gaol, situated in Bishop-street, beyond the gate, was erected between the years 1819 and 1824, by Messrs. Henry, Mullins, and M'Mahon, at an expense of £33,718, late currency : the front, which is partly coated with cement and partly built of Dungivcn stone, extends 242 feet ; and the depth of the entire building, including the yards, is 400 feet. It is built on the radiatinc plan ; the governor's house,

    2M

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 104

36. Corporation markets built in Derry, 1825

    Derry · townland · Derry · 1825

    In 1825 the corporation of Londonderry built several markets: the butter-market in Waterloo-place, the fish-market off Linen-hall-street, the potato-market in Society-street, and the vegetable market off Linen-hall-street. The corporation collected tolls from the butter and potato markets.

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    under sheds ; on the opposite side of tlie street is the seahng-room. The butter-market, in Waterloo-place, for butter and hides daily, and to which three weighhouses are attached ; the fish-market, off Linen-hallstreet, daily ; the potato-market, in Society-street, for potatoes and meal by retail daily, with a weigh-house attached ; and the vegetable market, off Linen-hall-street, for vegetables, poultry, and butter daily ; were all built in 1825, by the corporation, to whom the tolls of the butter and potato markets belong. The cow-market, for the sale of cows, pigs, sheep, and goats, every Wednesday, is held in a field to the south of Bishop-street, near the river, which was inclosed in 183'2 by the corporation. There are also a flax-market in Bishop-street every Thursday, and a market for yarn in Butchers'- street every Wednesday. Six fairs are held annually, but only three are of importance, namely, those on June 17th, Sept. 4th, and Oct. 17th ; the others are on March 4th, April 30th, and Sept. '20th. Custom was charged ou every article of merchandise brought into the city prior to 18'26, when it was abolished, except as regards goods conveyed over the bridge ; and in lieu thereof, the corporation instituted trespass, cranage, storage, and other dues. The post-office was established in 1784. The revenue police force usually consists of a lieutenant and twelve men ; and the constabulary, of a chief constable and twelve men. In 1845 an act was passed " for making a Railwui/ from Loiidoiiderri/ to Coleraiiie, with a branch to Newtown-Limavady :" this remarkable undertaking consists of a main line of 3'2i miles, between Londonderry (where it is to join the line from Enniskillen) and Coleraine, and a branch of nearly 6f miles to Newtown-Limavady. The grand peculiarity is, that about 19 miles of the railway and branch will run upon embankments across Lough Foyle, by which it is proposed to reclaim 18,000 acres of land from the sea ; in the remaining portion, the engineers propose to abandon part of the parliamentary plan, for the sake of obtaining a shorter and better line. The total length is 39 British miles, and the capital £500,000, with power to raise £166,000 additional by loan.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 103

37. Cosby castle ruins at Timahoe

    Timahoe · townland · Laois · 1558–1603

    A castle was erected at Timahoe in the reign of Elizabeth by the Cosby family, whose descendants were still proprietors of part of the estate. The ruins form a very interesting and picturesque object.

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    TIMAHOE, a village, in the parish of Fosey, or TiMAHOE, barony of Cullinagh, Queen's county, and province of Leinster, 4^; miles (S. S. \V.) from Stradbally, on the road to Ballynakill; containing about 100 inhabitants. This place takes its name from the monastery of Tcach-Mochoe, founded here by St. Mochoe, who died in 497, and which was destroyed by fire in 1142 ; it was afterwards refounded by the O'Mores, but of its further history there is no record. There are still some slight remains of the building, near which is an ancient round tower, 33 feet high ; the doorway is 14 feet from the ground and ornamented with a zigzag moulding, and the whole is in good preservation. A castle was erected in the reign of Elizabeth by the Cosby family, whose descendants are still proprietors of part of the estate ; the ruins form a very interesting and picturesque object. In 1642 a battle took place here between a party of forces under Colonel Monck, on his return from the relief of Ballinakill, and a party under General Preston, who had advanced to intercept his retreat ; in which the latter was repulsed with considerable loss. The vicinity abounds with rich pastures and extensive dairy-farms, and much butter of superior quality is sent hither for sale. The village, which contains only a few houses, is pleasantly situated. Fairs are held on April 5th, July 2nd, and Oct. ISth; and a constabulary police force is stationed here. The Roman Catholic chapel of the union of Stradbally, a handsome cruciform edifice in the early English style, lately erected at an expense of £2000, is situated in the village, in which is also the parochial school, under the patronage of Colonel Close.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 333

38. Coslin Sorley-Boy cairn on Trostan

    near Trostan · mountain or mountain range · Antrim · 1569

    After the battle of Aura in 1569, the combined armies spent days in festivity on the mountain of Trostan. They raised a cairn there still called 'Coslin Sorley-Boy.'

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    LAYDE, a parish, in the union of Ballycastle, barony of Lower Glenarm, county of Antrim, and province of Ulster ; containing, with the post-town of Cushendall (which is separately described), 4218 inhabitants. This parish, called also Cushendall, from its post-town, and Newtowii-Gleim, from its situation in the centre of the Glyns, was the residenceof the Mac Auleys of the Glyns, who joined the standard of Mac Donnel at the celebrated battle of Aura, in 1569, after which the combined armies spent some days in festivity on the mountain of Trostan, where they raised a cairn, still called " Coslin Sorley-Boy." The parish comprises, exclusively of the Granges of Layde and Innispollan, 20,476^ statute acres, one-third of which is arable, and the remainder chiefly in pasture. The surface is undulating, and in parts mountainous j in the low grounds are some good meadow lands ; the valleys are well cultivated, and the mountainous districts afford tolerable pasturage. Here are quarries of coarse freestone and of white limestone, which latter is burnt for manure. Salmon and many other kinds of fish are found in the rivers, and on the coast of this parish ; which is skirted by the coast-road from Belfast to the Giants' Causeway, and intersected by the royal military road. On the former road is a splendid viaduct over the river Glendon, connecting Layde with Culfeightrin and the barony of Glenarm with that of Carey. The seats are Mount Edward and Glenville. The living is a rectory, in the diocese of Connor, and in the patronage of the Bishop ; the tithe rent-charge is £176. There is no glebe-house ; the glebe comprises 7 acres. A church was built about a mile from Cushendall in 1800, but having gone to ruin, another was built in the town in 1831, by aid of £900 from the Board of First Fruits. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish is the head of a district, called Cushendall, including this parish and Ardclinis, and containing chapels at Cushendall and Redbay. A parochial school is partly supported by the rector ; and F. Turnley, Esq., has built a good house for a national school. There is a dispensary. The ancient church is in ruins, but the cemetery is still used : a stone was lately found which had fallen from the dilapidated gable of the church, with the figures 696 carved on it, supposed to be the date of the erection of the edifice. Ossian is said to have been born here.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 65

39. Cotton-factory at Belclare

    Belclare · townland · Mayo

    A cotton-factory at Belclare had 26 looms and afforded employment to 30 men and a considerable number of additional workers. It operated alongside the various other industrial concerns in the Westport area.

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    In the town is an extensive distillery established in 1S26, producing annually about 60,000 gallons of whisky and consuming 29,000 bushels of grain ; a brewery belonging to the same proprietor, and established by his father in 1800, has very much declined since the reduction of the duty on spirits, but is still considerable. In these concerns about 150 men are regularly employed. Another brewery, with a malting concern, has been established by Messr.s. Graham, who have two salt-works and three corn-stores on the quay, and a tannery in the town ; affording together employment to 30 persons, and to double that number during the winter. The Manor flour and oatmeal mills were built in ISOS, and are set in motion by two waterwheels equal in power to 30 horses. At Cloonagh, within two miles of the quay, are two very extensive flour-mills propelled by a considerable water-power throughout the year ; there is also a corn and flourmill near the quay : all are in full operation. At Belclare is a cotton-factory, with 26 looms, affording employment to 30 men and a considerable number of

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 390

40. Cotton factory at Mayfield by Malcolmson

    Mayfield or Rocketscastle · townland · Waterford

    A cotton spinning and weaving factory was erected at Mayfield by Mr. Malcolmson, employing nearly 900 persons. The cloth produced was in great demand and much of it was shipped for Manchester.

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    The MANUFACTURES are very inconsiderable. Carrick-on-Suir was once the centre of a very extensive manufacture of woollens, chiefly ratteens and stuffs ; but the trade is now nearly extinct. Linen, though made in all parts for domestic use, was never an article of commercial importance. Cotton-manufactories were established at Cheekpoint and in some other places, all of which totally failed ; but a factory has been since erected at Mayfield by Mr. Malcolmson for spinning and weaving cotton, in which nearly 900 persons are employed : the cloth is in great demand ; much of it is shipped for Manchester. At Fairbrook, or Phairbrook, near Waterford, is an extensive paper-mill, furnishing employment to 150 persons. A large distillery has been erected at Clashmore. The fisheries are of much value, and capable of great extension. The embayed nature of the coast renders it the resort of great quantities of fish of every kind ; the Nymph bank, about seven miles distant, abounds with immense shoals of round-fish. Hake, which is the leading object of the fishery, is taken in the mackerel-season, which com- 632

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 375

41. Cotton mills at Glenanne burned down and left in ruins

    near Glenanne · population centre · Armagh

    Extensive cotton-spinning and calico-weaving mills with 170 power-looms stood on a stream flowing from Shaw's Lough through Glenanne, employing nearly 300 persons. The mills were burned down and had been in ruins for two years at the time of writing.

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    about three-fourths are under tillage, and in a very high state of cultivation; the remainder, though in some parts rocky, affords good pasture. Slate is found, but the quarries are not at present worked. There are several substantial and some handsome houses, the principal of which is Gleuanne, an elegant residence. In the southern part of the parish is a small lake, called Shaw's Lough, from which a stream flows through Glcnanne. This stream was a convenient site for some extensive mills for spinning cotton and weaving calico, in which were 170 power-looms, affording employment to nearly 300 persons ; the mills were lately burned down, and for the last two years have been in ruins. There are still, however, bleach-greens and other mills here, in which manufactured goods are finished for the English markets ; and in the townland of Tullyallen are two large mills for finishing linen-cloth. Since the establishment of these works, the proprietor has planted a great portion of mountainous and rocky land, introduced a good practical system of agriculture, and much improved the entire neighbourhood. A manorial court for the district of Baleek is held every month, in which debts to the amount of 40s. are recoverable. Baleek was separated from this parish in 18*26, and erected into a perpetual curacy.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 111

42. County gaol and court-house at Trim

    Trim · town · Meath

    Trim serves as the venue for assizes and elections, and hosts the county gaol and court-house. Quarter and petty sessions are also held at sessions-houses and bridewells in Navan, Kells, and Dunshaughlin.

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    the disfranchised borough, market, and post towns of Kells, Navan, and Athboy ; the market and post town of Slane ; and the post-towns of Ashbourne, Clonard, Clonee, Crossakeel, Dunshaughlin, Enfield, Nobber, and Oldcastle. The principal villages are Carlanstown, Dunboyne, Mornington, Ratoath, and Rathmolion. The county sent 14 members to the Irish parliament; two for the county, and two for each of the boroughs of Athboy, Duleek, Kells, Navan, Ratoath, and Trim. Since the Union its representation has been confined to the two members for the county : the election is held at Trim. The constituency, as registered in 1841, amounted to 1236, of whom 385 were £50, 141 £20, and 515 £10, freeholders ; 1 £50, 36 £20, and 128 £10, leaseholders ; 2 £50, and 26 £20 rent-chargers ; and 2 £10 copyholders. Meath is included in the Home circuit : the assizes are held at Trim, in which town the county gaol and court-house are situated ; and there are sessions-houses and bridewells at Na\an and Kells, and a quarter and petty sessions' court-house at Dunshaughlin. The Easter and October general quarter-sessions are held at the two latter towns, and the Hilary and Midsummer sessions at Trim and Navan. The local government is vested in a lieutenant, 20 deputy-lieutenants, and 104 other magistrates, aided by the usual county officers, including two coroners. The district lunatic asylum is in Dublin ; the county infirmary at Navan : there are fever hospitals at Kells and Navan : and dispensaries at Crossakeel, Oldcastle, Moynalty, Raddingstown, Kentstown, StamuUen, Trim, Duleek, Kells, Julianstown, Athboy, Dunboyne, Slane, Dunshaughlin, Enfield, Navan, Nobber, Ratoath, Summerhill, Syddan, Kilniainham-Wood, Drumconrath, Wilkinstown, and Skreen. Within the county are 46 constabulary police stations, having in the whole a force of a county inspector, 7 sub-inspectors, S head-constables, 50 constables, and 259 sub-constables, with 9 horses, the expense of whose maintenance, in 1842, amounted to £14,002. There are two coast-guard stations, belonging to the Swords district ; one at the mouth of the Boyne, the other on the Nanny water. The amount of grand jury presentments for 1844 was £27,541. In the military arrangements the county is included in the Dublin district, and contains two barrack stations, one for cavalry at Navan, and one for infantry at Trim ; affording in the whole accommodation for seven officers, 163 non-commissioned officers and men, and 50 horses.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 149

43. County gaol of Kildare at Naas completed 1833

    Naas · town · Kildare · 1833

    The county gaol in Naas, completed in 1833 at an expense of £14,000, was a substantial edifice of hewn limestone on the radiating principle. One range was later altered for the separate confinement of juvenile offenders, a material improvement on the prevailing system.

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    By the charters of Elizabeth and James 1st, the corporation consisted, until its dissolution in 1840, of a sovereign, two provosts, and an indefinite number of burgesses and freemen, assisted by a serjeant-at-mace, a town-serjeant, a billet-master, and three weighmasters. The sovereign, who was a justice of the peace, and master-of-the-say for leather ; and the two provosts, who with him were clerks-of-the-market ; were annually elected, on the feast of St. Michael, by the burgesses and freemen, who were themselves elected by the corporation at large, as vacancies occurred, the latter by favour only; and all the other officers were similarly appointed : no coroners had been appointed by the corporation subsequent to the act for making county coroners. The government is now vested in Municipal Commissioners. The corporation sent two members to the Irish parliament till the Union, when the borough was disfranchised. It was empowered to hold a court of record for determining all personal pleas arising within the borough, but this court has long since fallen into disuse. The Lent assizes are held here, and the quarter-sessions for the county in April and October, in rotation with Kildare, Athy, and Maynooth ; petty-sessions are also held every Monday before the county magistrates. The county court-house, in the High-street, is a neat building, consisting of a centre and two wings faced with granite, and having a receding portico of four columns, supporting a cornice and pediment. The county gaol, completed in 1833, at an expense of £14,000, is a substantial and well-built edifice of hewn limestone, on the radiating principle, consisting of four detached ranges of building, one of which contains rooms for debtors and an hospital, and the other three originally contained each '20 cells and two day-rooms. One of these ranges has, under a recent act, been altered at considerable expense, by the grand-jury, for the separate confinement of juvenile offenders, in large and airy cells, heated in winter ; a material improvement on the prevailing system of allowing offenders of all ages to associate. The gaol contains five day-rooms, seven yards, and a chapel ; the entrance is between two semicircular bastions.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 193

44. County Gaol of Westmeath in Mullingar

    Mullingar · town · Westmeath · 1828

    The county gaol was erected at the southern extremity of Mullingar in 1828. It comprised nine wards, 100 sleeping cells, a treadmill, infirmary, and chapel, designed for the classification of prisoners.

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    April, July, and October; and petty-sessions, every Saturday. A chief constabulary police force is stationed in the town ; and it is also the head of a revenue police district, comprising the MuUingar, Kilbeggan, Castle- Pollard, and Abbeyshrule stations. The court-house is a neat and well- arranged building. The county gaol, erected at the southern extremity of the towa in 182S, comprises nine wards, with day and work rooms and airing-yards, adapted for the classification of the prisoners; 100 sleeping cells; a treadmill, infirmary, chapel, and every requisite office : the governor's house is in front, and commands a view of all the wards. The old prison is now used for females only, and contains 90 sleeping cells, and two day-rooms. The county infirmary is a spacious building, situated on the Dublin road.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 186

45. County gaol on polygonal plan at Sligo

    Sligo · town · Sligo

    The county gaol at Sligo was a handsome and substantial building erected on the polygonal plan at an expense of £30,000, with a tread-mill, school, surgery, and dispensary within its walls. It was noted for discipline and good order.

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    The charter also conferred upon the provost and burgesses the privilege of returning two members to the Irish parliament, which they exercised till the Union, since which time Sligo has returned one member only to the Imperial parliament. The right of election, previously vested in the corporation, was by the act for amending the representation extended to the £10 householders within the borough, the limits of which are the same as those defined by acts for the purpose of local taxation already referred to. The constituency registered in 1S41 amounted to S'21, of whom 813 were householders, and 8 were freemen ; the mayor is the returning officer. The assizes and the general-sessions of the peace for the county are held here, the latter four times in the year ; petty-sessions for the division are held every Thursday. The court-house, to which are attached the pubhc offices, is too limited for the business of the town. The county gaol is a handsome and substantial building, erected on the polygonal plan at an expense of £30,000 ; the governor's house is in the centre, and the debtors' ward and the hospital form two advanced wings. It is well adapted to the classification of the prisoners, each of whom has a separate sleepingcell ; it has a tread-mill for hard labour, a school, and a surgery and dispensary within its walls : all its departments are under excellent regulations, and it is in high repute for discipline and good order.

    The borough comprises the greater part of the parish of St. John and part of the parish of Calry ; the former on the south, and the latter on the north, side of the river. The patronage of the parish of St. John was lately given to Trinity College, Dublin, a fellow or exfellow of which will in future be presented by the Lord Primate and the Archbishop of Dublin. The soil of the district is fertile, the lands generally in a good state of cultivation, and the system of agriculture much improved. The scenery is diversified, and in many parts beautifully picturesque : the view of the town at the 527

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 295

46. County Hospital on New Cork road, completed 1811

    Limerick · city · Limerick · 1759–1811

    The County Hospital in Limerick was founded in 1759 through the exertions of Rev. Deane Hoare and Mr. Vandeleur, aided by the Pery and Hartstonge families. The present building on the new Cork road was completed in 1811 at an expense of £7,100, with a front of 114 feet and 16 wards.

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    The County Hospital was founded in 1759 by the exertions of the late Rev. Deane Hoare, vicar-general, and of Mr. Vandeleur, surgeon, aided by the Pery and Hartstonge families. The present building on the new Cork road, which was completed in 1811, at an expense of £7100, has a front of 114 feet, and contains 10 wards for males and 6 for females ; the number of patients admitted in a recent year was 632, at an expense of £1520. Barrington's Hospital, called by the act of the 1 1th of George IV. the " City of Limerick Infirmary, " was founded in 1829 by Sir Joseph Barrington, Bart., and his sons, Matthew, Daniel, Croker, and Samuel. This hospital, built on George's-quay at an expense of upwards of £4000, contains six large wards, capable of holding 60 beds ; the number at present is 35. It was given by the founders to the city, and opened under the new arrangement in Nov. 1831 ; it is supported by voluntary subscriptions and a grant from government. Attached to the institution is a good medical library : a wing was lately built for a lying-in hospital, and another for a fever hospital. St. John's Fever and Lock Hospital was founded in 1781 by Lady Hartstonge : in a recent year it had I6OI patients; the expenses were £1520. 10. The Lying-in Hospital, opened in Nelson-street in 1812, under the control of a board of trustees, is supported by subscriptions and the interest of a bequest of £1000 from Mrs. White : upwards of 400 patients have been annually admitted into it since its establishment. There is also a dispensary in Limerick. The District Lunatic Asylum, for the counties of Limerick, Clare, and Kerry, is a very extensive edifice on the New Cork road, completed in 1826 : it is 429 feet by 314; the centre forms an octagon, from which four wings diverge, containing cells for patients. It was originally intended only for 150 curable lunatics; but an additional building has been erected for those con-

    LIME

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 79

47. County infirmary at Sligo, erected 1819

    Sligo · town · Sligo · 1819

    The county infirmary at Sligo was a handsome building of hewn limestone, erected in 1819 at an expense of £3000, containing six wards for 30 patients with officers' apartments and every requisite. It shared an enclosure with the fever hospital and dispensary.

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    The church of St. John's parish is an old cruciform building in excellent repair, in the later style of English architecture, with a massive square tower at the west end : the glebe-house is situated on a glebe of one acre close to the church. The church of Calry, which is also in the town, is a respectable building in the Gothic style, with a well-proportioned spire; it was erected in 182'2, at an expense of £3500, in which is included the expense of the erection of a house, offices, and garden-wall, for the perpetual curate, whose appointment belongs to the vicar of St. John's. The Roman Catholic chapel of the parish of St. John is a structure of spacious dimensions : there is also in the town a small Dominican convent with a chapel attached to it ; together with places of worship for Presbyterians in connexion with the General Assembly, Independents, and AVesleyan Methodists in connexion with the Established Church. The late William Draper, Esq., left £18 per annum to be divided among three Protestant servant girls who have served three years in a Protestant family. The county infirmary is a handsome building of hewn limestone, erected in 1819 at an expense of £3000 ; it contains six wards for 30 patients, with officers' apartments and every other requisite. The fever hospital is a wellarranged structure in an airy and healthful situation on the summit of a hill ; it contains eight wards, and has a dispensary attached to it. These three institutions are within the same inclosure ; there is also a dispensary in the parish of St. John. The union workhouse, on a site of nine acres held at a rent of £50, was completed in 1841 at a cost of £9100, and is constructed for 1200 inmates. There are still remains of the spacious monastery of Sligo, serving to convey some idea of its former magnificence : they consist chiefly of three sides of the cloisters, with a finely vaulted roof, and are separated from the quadrangle by a long series of pillars, several of which are sculptured, and of pointed arches, in the early English style of architecture. The great east window of the church is of beautiful design, and highly enriched with tracery ; the high altar, which is embellished with sculpture in relief, is almost hidden by the accumulation of disinterred bones ; the nave is

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 295

48. County Leitrim landscape: Shannon, Lough Allen, Sheebeg and Sheemore

    near Lough Allen · lake or lakes · Leitrim

    The southern part of Leitrim from Ruskey to Carrick is fertile along the Shannon, which expands into Lough Boffin backed by the heights of Sheebeg and Sheemore, with Slieve-an-irin mountain rising in the distance. Lough Allen stretches about seven miles between Drumkeerin and Drumshambo.

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    The form of the county is somewhat pyramidal or approaching to that of a slender cone, having its base resting on Longford, and its apex on the sea-coast : its extreme length is about 46 miles ; its breadth varies from 16 at the former extremity to 2 at the latter. The greater part of the surface not strictly mountainous being occupied by steep hills and deep valleys, the country displays many varieties of picturesque scenery heightened by striking and sudden contrasts of wild heathy mountain, and rich cultivation, wood, and water. The southern extremity from Ruskey to Carrick is fertile and well cultivated, particularly on the banks of the Shannon, which here separates Leitrim from Roscommon and spreads into Lough Boffin, backed by the heights of Sheebeg and Sheemore, forming a fine relief to the lofty grandeur of the more distant mountain of Slieve-an-irin, and the luxuriant swell of the adjacent part of Roscommon. Proceeding northward to Lough Allen, the country, though available for tillage, gradually assumes a gloomy aspect ; and immediately from the verge of this lake, steep ascents stretch to a distance of two, three, and four miles to the mountains, which on almost every side terminate the view : but even here various delightful prospects are obtained, especially near the points where the Shannon enters into and emerges from the lake. The summit of the group called Slievean-irin, or Slieve-an-Jaroin, to the east of Lough Allen, rises 1922 feet above the level of the sea, and is the highest point in this mountainous district, which extends five or six miles northward ; but large tracts of good land appear around Dromahaire, Manor-Hamilton, and Glencar, where the face of the country is extremely varied and pleasing. Not far distant are the mountains of Lacka, 1448 feet high ; Lugnacuillagh, 1485 feet high ; Doon ; Glenfarn or Mullaghusk ; Benbo, 1365 feet high ; and Green Mountain, 9-20 feet. These do not form a connected chain, but are separated by deep and broad valleys containing innumerable low but steep hills. Like those of the Slieve-an-irin group, the mountains are all of similar character, rising at a steep angle from their bases, and, except Benbo, frequently presenting mural precipices from 60 to 100 feet deep ; their summits are all nearly flat, and covered with coarse herbage. Further northward, on approaching the sea, the most

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 69

49. County Louth as territory of Voluntii and ancient Argial

    Louth · town · Louth

    According to Ptolemy, the area forming County Louth was part of the territory of the Voluntii. It was subsequently included in the independent sovereignty of Orgial, or Argial, called Oriel by the English, which included also the counties of Armagh and Monaghan.

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    It appears from Ptolemy that the present couaty formed, in his time, part of the territory of the Voluntii, which extended southward to that of the Eblani. Louth was subsequently included in the independent sovereignty of Orgial, or Argial, called by the English Oriel or Uriel, constituting a large part of the province of Meath, and including also the counties of Armagh and Monaghan. This county is stated to have formed the subordinate territory of Conal Muirthemne, called also Hy Conal and Machmre-Conal, in which were the smaller districts of Fera Arda, or Fatharta, the present barony of Ferrard ; Hy Segan, or Hy Seanghain, that of Ardee ; Fera Lorg, Lorgan, or Lurgin, that of Lower Dundalk ; Hy Mac Uais, the country of the Mac Scanlans, that uf Upper Dundalk ; and Ludha, or Lugha, that of Louth, which was the country of the O'Carrols, chiefs of Argial. The last celebrated head of this race was Donchad O'Carrol, King of Argial, who founded the two great abbeys of Mellifont and Louth, and was likewise a prince of considerable prowess. Argial was conquered by John de Courcy, in 1183 ; and that part of it which is included within the limits of the present county of Louth (one of those erected by King John in 1210) being immediately peopled with English settlers, it continued ever after to be subject to the English jurisdiction. Thus, the ancient Argial was divided into Irish Argial and English Uriel. The latter, from its situation, being much exposed to the incursions of the native chiefs, numerous castles were erected for its defence ; but nevertheless, in the reign of Edward II., it was ravaged by the Scots under Edward Bruce, who, however, received their final overthrow from Sir John Birmingham in this county.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 114

50. Courtmacsherry seat on the harbour

    Courtmacsherry · town · Cork

    The seat of Courtmacsherry is beautifully situated on the harbour and sheltered by a well-planted eminence in the parish of Lislee. Other seats include Sea Court and Butlerstown.

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    the southern coast ; containing, with the village of Court-NPSherry (which is separately describee]), r)'211 inhabitants. This parish, which comprises G'MVi statute acres, is situated on the western side of the harbour of Court-M'Sherry ; the land is in general good and under tillage, and, from the great facility of procuring seamanure at the " Broad Strand," is in some parts well cultivated. At Dunworley is a small bog overflowed by the sea ; there are some quarries of skte of an inferior quality, and in the vicinity of Court-M' Sherry slate of .superior quality and colour is obtained. The seats are, Court-M' Sherry, beautifully situated on the harbour, and sheltered by a well-planted eminence ; Sea Court ; and Butlcrstown. The seneschal of the Earl of Shannon has the power of holding a court baron here for the recovery of debts not exceeding 40s. late currency, which has merged into that of Tiraoleague, where the courts are now held.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 85

51. Courtown demesne and chalybeate spring

    Courtown · townland · Wexford

    The elegant seat of the Earl of Courtown is situated on the banks of the Awen-o-varra within a richly-wooded demesne. The demesne contains a small, very ancient burial-ground, and there is a chalybeate spring at Courtown.

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    The living is a rectory, in the diocese of Ferns, and in the patronage of the Earl of Courtown; the tithe rent charge is £119. The glebe-house was built at the joint expense of the Earl of Courtown and the late incumbent, the Rev. F. Owen, the latter of whom obtained a charge for his share of the expenditure on his successor ; there is a glebe of 26 acres. The church, a small edifice in the later English style, with a square embattled tower, is situated on a well-wooded eminence, and is a conspicuous and interesting feature in the landscape. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish forms part of the union of Ballygarret. Schools for children of both sexes, with apartments for a master and mistress, who have also an acre of land rent-free, were erected by the Earl of Courtown, and are supported chiefly by his lordship ; the schools are under the Church Education Society. The Hon. T. Stopford, D.D., successively rector of this parish, dean of Ferns, and bishop of Cork, bequeathed £J00 ; and Lady Anne Hore, wife of the Rev. T. Hore, of Ham Common, county of Middlesex, bequeathed £100 ; to the poor of this parish. At Courtown is a chalybeate spring. In a burial-ground called " Prospect," near Seafield, are the vaults of the Courtown and Hore families, with monuments to Mary, Countess of James George, third earl of Courtown, w ho died April 14th, IS'SS ; and Anne, wife of W. Hore, Esq., who died April 4th, 1808. In the demesne of Courtown is a small and very ancient burial-ground.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 57

52. Courtown: harbour built for small craft

    Courtown · townland · Wexford

    A harbour has been constructed for small craft at the inlet of Courtown in Kilbride Bay, consisting of two rough piers. This is the only harbour mentioned along the eastern sea-coast between Arklow and Wexford harbour.

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    The SEA-COAST on the eastern side presents no opening for shelter from foul weather from Arklow to Wexford harbour, and is rendered still more dangerous to shipping by a range of sand-banks parallel to the shore, the most northern of which is marked by a light-ship. Towards the northern extremity of this Ime of coast, a harbour has been made for small craft at the inlet of Courtowu, in Kilbride bay, cousisting of two rough piers

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    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 393

53. Courtown Harbour construction

    Courtown Harbour · town · Wexford · 1824

    An act was obtained in 1824 for constructing Courtown Harbour at the mouth of the Awen-o-varra river. Originally planned by A. Nimmo and later directed by Francis Giles, the harbour features a hewn granite lock and parallel piers with flood-gates.

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    There are several boats belonging to this parish, employed in the Courtown fishery, and great quantities of cod are taken off the coast ; but from the uncertainty of the voyage to Dublin, by which the cargo is frequently spoiled before it reaches the market, the value of the fishery is much diminished. To obviate this evil an act was obtained, in 1824, for the construction of a harbour 175

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    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 57

54. Cow and Calf rock off Tyrella coast

    near Tyrella · parish · Down

    Off the coast of Tyrella parish, a rocky shoal extends one mile from the shore, terminating in a rock called the Cow and Calf which is seldom covered by the sea. It forms a notable coastal landmark on Dundrum Bay.

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    TYRELLA, a parish, in the union of Downpatrick, barony of Legale, county of Down, and province of Ulster, 4 miles (S. S. E.) from Clough, and 6 (s. \V.) from Downpatrick ; containing 1079 inhabitants. This parish is situated on the bay of Dundrum, by which it is bounded on the south ; and comprises 1999^ statute acres, the whole of which, with the exception of a few acres of sand-hills along the shore, is land of good quality and in a state of profitable cultivation. The system of agriculture is improved ; and the crops of wheat, barley, oats, flax, and potatoes, are abundant, the lands being much enriched by the facility of obtaining sea sand and weed for manure. Tyrella House, the handsome residence of the Montgomery family, is beautifully situated in a richly planted demesne of 300 acres, commanding extensive views over the bay, with the noble range of the Morne mountains in the background, and containing within its limits the parish church. Off the coast is a rocky shoal extending one mile from the shore, at the extremity of which is a rock called the Cow and Calf, seldom covered by the sea. The parish is a rectory, in the diocese of Down, till lately forming part of the union and corps of the deanery of Down: the tithe rent-charge is £1'23. 1'2. After the separation of the rectory from the deanery, in 1S39, a handsome church of cut granite was erected on the site of the old edifice ; it was opened for divine service in September, 1S4'2. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish is the head of a district, comprising also the parish of Ballykinlar and part of Loughinisland ; there are chapels at Ballykinlar and Drumaroda. In the demesne of Tyrella House, and near the church, a cave was discovered in 1S32, artificially constructed of uncemented stones, and covered with flagstones, above which the earth is thickly heaped ; it is 43 yards long, 2^ feet wide, and about .5 feet high, dividing into three chambers, 60, 45, and 24 feet in length respectively, the last extending its width to six feet.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 364

55. Cow-market enclosed near Bishop-street, Derry, 1832

    Derry · townland · Derry · 1832

    A cow-market for the sale of cows, pigs, sheep, and goats was held every Wednesday in a field south of Bishop-street near the river. The corporation enclosed this field in 1832.

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    under sheds ; on the opposite side of tlie street is the seahng-room. The butter-market, in Waterloo-place, for butter and hides daily, and to which three weighhouses are attached ; the fish-market, off Linen-hallstreet, daily ; the potato-market, in Society-street, for potatoes and meal by retail daily, with a weigh-house attached ; and the vegetable market, off Linen-hall-street, for vegetables, poultry, and butter daily ; were all built in 1825, by the corporation, to whom the tolls of the butter and potato markets belong. The cow-market, for the sale of cows, pigs, sheep, and goats, every Wednesday, is held in a field to the south of Bishop-street, near the river, which was inclosed in 183'2 by the corporation. There are also a flax-market in Bishop-street every Thursday, and a market for yarn in Butchers'- street every Wednesday. Six fairs are held annually, but only three are of importance, namely, those on June 17th, Sept. 4th, and Oct. 17th ; the others are on March 4th, April 30th, and Sept. '20th. Custom was charged ou every article of merchandise brought into the city prior to 18'26, when it was abolished, except as regards goods conveyed over the bridge ; and in lieu thereof, the corporation instituted trespass, cranage, storage, and other dues. The post-office was established in 1784. The revenue police force usually consists of a lieutenant and twelve men ; and the constabulary, of a chief constable and twelve men. In 1845 an act was passed " for making a Railwui/ from Loiidoiiderri/ to Coleraiiie, with a branch to Newtown-Limavady :" this remarkable undertaking consists of a main line of 3'2i miles, between Londonderry (where it is to join the line from Enniskillen) and Coleraine, and a branch of nearly 6f miles to Newtown-Limavady. The grand peculiarity is, that about 19 miles of the railway and branch will run upon embankments across Lough Foyle, by which it is proposed to reclaim 18,000 acres of land from the sea ; in the remaining portion, the engineers propose to abandon part of the parliamentary plan, for the sake of obtaining a shorter and better line. The total length is 39 British miles, and the capital £500,000, with power to raise £166,000 additional by loan.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 103

56. Cranagh mansion and ancient castle tower, Tipperary

    Cranagh · townland · Tipperary

    Cranagh is a handsome mansion in the parish of Templetouhy, attached to a circular tower at the rear which constitutes the remains of a very ancient castle. The parish also contains remains of several other old castles.

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    TEMPLETOUHY, a parish, in the union of Thurles, barony of Ikerrin, county of Th'perary, and province of Munsteu, 4 miles (E. S. !•;.) from Templemore, on the road, by Johnstown, to Kilkenny ; containing 3194 inhabitants, of whom 393 are in the villaije. This parish, which is separated from the parish of Callabeg by a small stream which also separates the baronies of Ikerrin and Eliogarty, comprises 8461 statute acres. The land is generally of good quality, and principally under tillage ; there is a large portion of bog, which might be very easily reclaimed. Cranagh is a handsome mansion, attached to a circular tower in the rear, the remains of a very ancient castle. The village has lately been much improved, and several new houses built : a receiving-house for letters under Teniplemore has been established ; and a constabulary police force stationed there. The living is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of Cashel, united to the rectory of Callabeg, together forming the corps of the prebend of Kilbragh in the cathedral of Cashel, and in the patronage of the Bishop. The tithe rent-charge of the parish is £376. 'i. 6., and the gross rent-charge of the benefice £563 : the glebe consi.sts of 14 acres, and there is a glebe-house, built by the present incumbent, the Rev. M. N. Thompson. The church is situated in the village of Templetouhy. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish forms part of the district of Moyne ; the chapel, a neat building, is in the village. There are remains of several old castles in the parish.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 328

57. Cranfield baths at Ringsend, first hot sea-water baths in Ireland

    near Ringsend · street · Dublin

    Ringsend is much frequented for sea-bathing due to its proximity to Dublin, with hot and cold sea-water baths available. The Cranfield baths, which are well supported, are said to have been the first hot sea-water baths erected in Ireland.

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    RINGSEND, a town, in the parish of St. Mary, DoxNYBRooK, uuion of South Dublin, barony of Dublin, county of Dublin, and province of Leinster, I5 mile (E.) from the General Post-office ; containing 1755 inhabitants. This place, according to O'Halloran, was originally called Rin-Aua, signifying in the Irish language "the point of the tide," from its situation at the confluence of the Dodder with the Liffey ; its modern name is a singular corruption of the former, or may perhaps have arisen from the large blocks of stone into which rings of iron were inserted for mooring vessels, previously to the construction of the present mole. The town is built upon the eastern bank of the Dodder, and has for the most part a mean and dilapidated appearance, having fallen into decay since the discontinuance of its extensive salt-works : its southern portion, however, a few hundred yards detached, and called Irishtown, is in a less ruinous condition ; it is much frequented for sea-bathing, from its proximity to Dublin. There are hot and cold sea- water baths ; the Cranfield baths, which are well supported, are said to have been the first hot sea-water baths erected in Ireland. Iron-works were established here by the grandfather of the late proprietor, Mr. C. K. Clarke, by whom 4-4

    they have been recently disposed of; the articles manufactured are steam-engines and all kinds of machinery, iron boats, and utensils of various kinds. Here are also glass-works, a chymical laboratory, and a distillery. The Grand Canal Company have docks to the west of the place, opening a communication between the canal and the river Liffey. Ship-building is carried on, and many of the inhabitants are employed in the fishery.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 258

58. Cratloe Woods seat of Augustus Stafford O'Brien

    Cratloe · town · Clare

    Cratloe Woods is a highly improved and beautiful seat in the parish of Killeely, County Clare, and is the residence of Augustus Stafford O'Brien. The demesne and wood extend into the adjoining parish of Kilfentinan.

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    KILLELY, KiLLEELY, or Killegally, a parish, in the poor-law union of Limerick, partly in the barony of Pubulebrien, county of Limerick, partly within the north liberties of the city of Limerick, but chiefly in the barony of Lower Bunratty, county of Clare, and province of Munster, 3 miles (N. \V.) from Limerick ; on the mail-road to Ennis, and on the river Shannon ; containing 5065 inhabitants. This parish, which is also called Meelick, comprises 6607 statute acres ; almost equally divided between tillage and pasture. It extends nearly to tlie old Thomond-bridge, at Limerick; and includes the extensive distillery of Messrs. Brown, Stein, and Co. Limestone abounds and is used for manure, and there is some bog near the Shannon. There are stations of the constabulary police at Cratloe, Meelick, and Thomond-gate. Cratloe Woods, a highly improved and beautiful seat, is the residence of Augustus Stafford O'Brien, Esq. ; the demesne and wood are chiefly in this parish, but extend into the adjoining parish of Kilfentinan. The living is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of Limerick, and in the patronage of the Bishop : the tithe rent charge is f'ZlO. 16. 6. The church, a small plain structure, picturesquely situated at Meelick, was built in 1735, by Mr. Burton, ancestor of the Marquess of Conyngham, and subsequently made parochial ; it has undergone a thorough repair, a grant of £'2'20 having been made by the Ecclesiastical Commissioners for that purpose. The communion-plate was presented by the Conyngham family. The glebe-house, built in 1*79 by the then incumbent, an excellent mansion commanding a beautiful view of the Shannon, stands on a glebe of I'i acres ; it has been much improved by the present rector, who has made new approaches to it. In the Roman Catholic divisions this parish is partly in the district of Meelick, and partly in that of Thomond-gate, or St. Lelia. Of five schools, one, at Cratloe, is supported by Mr. O'Brien ; and about one mile south-east from Cratloe Cross is the Cratloe and Meelick public dispensary.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 38

59. Croagh Patrick: St. Patrick's reptile banishment and pilgrimage site

    near Croagh Patrick · mountain or mountain range · Mayo

    The mountain of Croagh Patrick in Kilgeever parish, 2510 feet high, is traditionally the spot where St. Patrick assembled all venomous reptiles to banish them from Ireland. On the summit is a chapel of loose stones and several small stone piles used as altars; it remains a celebrated place of pilgrimage.

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    KILGAVOWER, or Kilgeever, a parish, in the barony of Mvrrisk, union of Westport, county of Mayo, and province of Conn aught, 1 1 miles (w. S. W.) from Westport, and on Clew bay ; containing 12,573 inhabitants. It comprises 58,09S:j statute acres, of which a large portion is mountain and bog. Fairs, and a weekly market, are held at Lewisburgh, uhich see. The parish is a rectory, vicarage, and perpetual curacy, in the diocese of Tuam ; the rectory is appropriate to the chapter of the cathedral of Tuam, the vicarage forms part of the union of Aughaval, and the perpetual curacy is called Lewisburgh, and is in the patronage of the vicar: the tithe rent-charge is £180, of which £45 are payable to the chapter, and the remainder to the vicar. The church is a neat building at Lewisburgh, erected in 1798, by a gift of £500 from the Board of First Fruits. There are a glebe-house and glebe. In the Roman Catholic divisions this parish forms two districts, one consisting of Clare Island and Innisturk, and the remainder forming the district of Lewisburgh ; there are two chapels, one at Goulagh, the other at Lewisburgh. The mountain of Cmagh Patrick, 2510 feet above the level of the sea, is traditionally stated to have been the spot on which St. Patrick assembled all the venomous reptiles to banish them from Ireland, and is a celebrated place of pilgrimage ; on the summit, which commands a fine view, is St. Patrick's chapel, built of loose stones, and there are several small piles of stones that are used as altars.

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    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 27

60. Croagh Patrick, the Reek, and St Patrick legend

    near Croagh Patrick · mountain or mountain range · Mayo

    Croagh Patrick, or the Reek, rises from the southern shore of Clew Bay to 2,430 feet, comprising a base of undulating flat-topped hills surmounted by a conical peak. Local tradition identifies it as the spot from which St. Patrick drove all venomous reptiles of Ireland into the sea, and it remained a favourite place for devotional rites.

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    The whole of the district south of the valley from Lough Conn to Newport, except the space occupied by the mountains of Barnagee, is thickly interspersed with hills of different forms ; those lying between Lough Conn and Loughs Carra and Mask stretching in accordance with the line between the former and latter lakes ; those proceeding to Clew bay taking their direction to the sea. The remarkable peak of Croagh Patrick, or the Reek, rises from the southern shore of Clew bay to an elevation of 2430 feet, embracing from its summit a maguificent prospect of the neighbouring bays and islands, with the amphitheatre of Erris, Burrishoole, and Connemara. This mountain may be divided into two parts ; the base, composed of a group of undulating flat-topped hills rising to a considerable height ; and the Reek, which towers above them in the form of a cone. The romantic fables of the country have fixed on this as the spot from which St. Patrick drove all the venomous reptiles of the island into the sea : it is still a favourite place for devotional rites. The southern part of the barony of Murrisk rises into steep mountains, of which Muilrea, the highest in Connaught, has an elevation of 2680 feet.

    The LAKES are numerous, and several are of large size ; the principal lie in a direction north and south from the borders of Galway to Killala. A small part of the northern portion of Lough Corrib is considered as belonging to the county : this lake is navigable, unless in very dry seasons, for boats of from 10 to 20 tons to its most northern extremity at Cong, a distance of about 30 miles from the sea. A narrow isthmus of high and rocky

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