A topographical dictionary of Ireland : comprising the several counties; cities; boroughs; corporate, market and post towns; parishes; and villages, with historical and statistical descriptions embellished with engravings of the arms of the cities, bishopricks, corporate towns, and boroughs ; and of the seals of the several municipal corporations .. (vol. 2)

Each story keeps the passage it was read from. Open one to read it as the scan has it, and, where the companion has written its own telling, that too. The passages are read off photographs of the page by machine, so a word here and there comes out wrong; they are kept as the reading produced them, so you can check any of them against the scan.

1. Derry city situated on River Foyle hill commanding rich views

   near Derry · city · Derry

   The city of Derry is situated on the River Foyle, about five statute miles above where it spreads into Lough Foyle. It occupies chiefly the summit and sides of an oval hill projecting into the river on its west side, commanding picturesque views of well-cultivated land.

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   The CITY is advantageously situated on the river Foyle, above five statute miles above the point where it spreads into Lough Foyle, and chiefly on the summit and sides of a hill projecting into the river on its west side, and commanding in every direction richly diversified and picturesque views of a well cultivated tract. This hill, or " Island of Derry," is of an oval form, 1 19

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   Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 100

2. Derry Corporation Jurisdiction over Culmore

   near Culmore · town · Derry

   The mayor, recorder, and aldermen of Derry who had filled the mayoralty were justices of the peace within the liberties. They also exercised jurisdiction by sufferance over the townland of Culmore.

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   one to the Imperial parliament. The right of voting was formerly vested in the burgesses and freemen, in number about 450 ; but by the late enactintiits, under whicli a new electoral boundary was established, the former non-resident electors, except within a distance of seven miles, were disfranchised, and the privilege extended to the £10 householders. The number of registered voters in 1841 was 906, of whom 7 1 1 were £10 householders, and the remainder freemen. Under the old regime, the mayor, recorder, and all aldermen who had filled the mayoralty, were justices of the peace within the liberties, which comprised the city, and a circuit of three Irish miles measured from its centre ; they also exercised jurisdiction by sufferance over the townland of Culmore. The mayor and recorder, or the mayor alone, held a court of record every Monday, for pleas to any amount ; the process was either by attachment against the goods, or arrest of the person. The court of general sessions for the city was held four times a year : there is a court of petty-sessions weekly, held before the mayor, or any of the civic magistrates. The mayor also holds weekly a court of conscience, for the recovery of ordinary debts not exceeding £'20 late currency or servants' wages to the amount of £6, and from which there is no appeal. The city is in the North-West circuit, and the assizes are held here twice a year : it is also one of the four towns within the county at which the general quarter-sessions are held ; and the assistant barrister presides here in April and October.

   Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 104

3. Derry Court-house

   near Derry · city · Derry · 1817

   The Derry Court-house was completed in 1817 at an expense of over £30,000. It is a handsome white sandstone building designed by John Bowden, featuring a tetrastyle portico modelled on the temple of Erectheus at Athens.

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   The Corporation Hall, in the centre of the Diamond, and on the site of the original town-house built by the Irish Society in 16'2'2, was erected by the corporation in 169'2, and, till 1825, when it was rebuilt by the corporation, was called the Market-house or Kxchange: the south front, in which is the principal entrance, is circular. The upper story contains a common-council room, an assembly-room, and an ante-chamber. On the ground floor, which was formerly open for the sale of meal and potatoes, but was closed in 1S25, is a news-room established by the corporation in that year. The Court-house, completed in 1817 at an expense of £30,479. 15., including the purchase of the site and furniture, is a handsome building of white sandstone, chiefly from the neighbourhood of Dungivcn, ornamented with Portland stone, and erected from a design by Mr. John Bowden. It measures 126 feet by 66, and exhibits a facade judiciously broken by a tetrastyle portico of the enriched Ionic order, modelled from that of the temple of Erectheus at Athens : over the jjediment are the royal arms ; and the wings are surmounted by statues of Justice and Peace sculptured in Portland stone by the late Edward Smith. The principal apartments are the crown and record courts, the mayor's public and private offices, the offices of the recorder, treasurer, and clerks of the crown and peace, the judges' room, and the grand-jury room : in addition to the assizes, sessions, and mayor's court, the county and other meetings are held in it. The Gaol, situated in Bishop-street, beyond the gate, was erected between the years 1819 and 1824, by Messrs. Henry, Mullins, and M'Mahon, at an expense of £33,718, late currency : the front, which is partly coated with cement and partly built of Dungivcn stone, extends 242 feet ; and the depth of the entire building, including the yards, is 400 feet. It is built on the radiatinc plan ; the governor's house,

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   Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 104

4. Derrycunnihy cascade and Rev. Hyde's cottage

   Derrycunihy · townland · Kerry

   Between Derrycunnihy mountain and the Upper Lake lies a small glen containing the late Rev. Mr. Hyde's romantic cottage, which commands views of the Derrycunnihy cascade and its richly wooded rocky glen.

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   This Upper Lake is about two miles and a half in length, and, from its numerous indentations, of very irregular breadth ; it is thickly studded with islands, and from its being almost entirely surrounded by mountains, the scenery differs greatly from that of the two other lakes. To the south, the Cromiglaun mountain rises from its very margin ; and immediately behind is the Esknamuckii, from which a considerable stream, falling into the lake, forms a picturesque cascade. West of Cromiglaun is Demjctinnihy, from which, also, falls the beautiful cascade of that name ; and in a small glen, between it and the lake, is the pretty cottage of the late Rev. Mr. Hyde, occupying a highly romantic and secluded situation, and commanding a view of Derrycunnihy cascade, and its rocky and richly wooded glen. To the west of Derrycunnihy, and separated by the river Kavoge, is Derrydimnagh mountain, covered on one of its sides by a dense wood ; and in the distance, towards the south-west, are seen the Coombui mountains, and those of Barnasna more to the west, and to the north-west Bawn and Mac Gillycuddy's Reeks. The nearest of the last to the lake is Gheramine, at the base of which is the entrance to the sequestered valley of Camedujf, watered by a river navigable to the late Lord Brandon's boat-house, whence a pathway leads to Gheramine Cottage, embosomed in woods. On an eminence in the grounds is a tower, 40 feet high, erected by his lordship in imitation of the ancient round towers of Ireland, and from whose summit, ascended by a ladder in the interior, an extensive view is commanded of the valley and lakes of Cameduff, the mountains that inclose them, the islands of the Upper Lake, and Tore mountain in the distance. To the north of the lake is the Purple Mountain, so called from the colour of the strata of shivered slate on its surface ; and to the north-east is the " Long Range," backed by the mountains of Glenk and Tomies. The most prominent of the islands in this lake is Rossburkie, or Oak Island, rising from a rocky bass and crowned with wood ; from its shores is a splendid view of the mountains, finely grouped. The others are. Eagles' Island, Ronayne's Island, McCarthy's Duck, and Arbutus Islands, the channels between which open to new and varied scenery, combining panoramic views of rocks, woods, and mountains, with picturesque cascades, and forming an assemblage of the sublimest and most romantic features of nature. The northern shore of the lake commands prospects of equal magnificence. The rocks and islands of the Upper Lake, the resort of numerous birds of prey, are of a dark-green colour, harmonising finely with the sombre sublimity of the surrounding mountains, which tower in wild and varied magnificence ; while those of the two lower lakes are chiefly of limestone, washed by the waves into a variety of fantastic forms.

   Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 35

5. Derry defends against 1641 rebels

   near Derry · city · Derry · 1641

   During the 1641 rebellion, English and Scottish settlers in Londonderry received arms and ammunition from London and, having secured themselves within the walls, successfully defended the city from attacks by rebels under Sir Phelim O'Nial.

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   In the rebellion of 1641 the English and Scottish settlers received a considerable supply of arms and ammunition from London, and, having secured themselves within the walls, successfully defended the city from the attacks of the rebels under Sir Phehm O'Nial. In 1643 the inhabitants of Londonderry and Coleraine sent letters to the Lords- Justices, urging their impoverished condition and praying for relief. Sir John Vaughan, the governor, having died this year, Sir Robert Stewart was appointed to the command of the garrison, of which five companies aided in his defeat of Owen O'Nied at Clones, on the 13th of June. Towards the close of the year, the parliament having taken the covenant, the 261

   Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 100

6. Derry fortifications completed

   near Derry · city · Derry · 1618

   By 1618 the fortifications of Londonderry were completed at an expense of £8357. Despite these measures, the increase of houses and inhabitants was very slow, and the plantation became the subject of various representations to the crown.

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   A large part of Ulster having escheated to the crown on the attainder of the two above-named earls, proposals of colonization were made to the city of London, in which this place is described as " the late ruinated city of Derry, which may be made by land almost impregnable." In accepting the offers of the crown, the city agreed to erect '200 houses here, and leave room for 300 more ; 4000 acres contiguous to the city were to be annexed to it in perpetuity, exclusively of bog and barren mountain, which were to be added as waste ; convenient sites were allowed for the houses of the bishop and dean ; the liberties were to extend three miles, or 3000 Irish paces, in every direction from the centre of the city j and the London undertakers were to have the neighbouring fort of Culmore, with the lands attached, on condition of maintaining in it a competent ward of officers and men. In 1613 the inhabitants having surrendered their former charter, were re-incorporated ; and the name of the city was altered to Londonderry. The natives having conspired to take the town by surprise, a supply of arms was sent from London in I6l.">: an additional sum of £5000 was ordered for completing the walls ; and, that it might not in future be peopled with Irish, the '■ Irish Society" issued directions that a certain number of children from Christ's Hospital, and others, should be sent hither as apprentices and servants ; and prohibited the inhabitants from taking Irish apprentices. Leases of most of the houses were granted for thirty-one years, and to each was allotted a portion of land according to the rent, with ground for gardens and orchards ; 300 acres were assigned for the support of a free-school ; and of the 4000 acres, the society allotted to the houses or granted to the mayor 3'il7, including a parcel of 1500 acres, which were set apart to support the magistracy of the city, and which subsequently became a source of contention between the society, the corporation, and the bishop. In 1618 we find the fortifications completed, at an expense of £8357 ; but notwithstanding the adoption of these and other measures of improvement, the increase of houses and inhabitants was very slow, and the operations of the ^ociety were made the ground of various representations to the crown respecting the non-fulfilment of the conditions of planting. lu 16'2'2, commissioners were appointed to inquire into the affairs of the plantation, to whom the mayor and corporation of Derry presented a petition complaining of many grievances resulting from the conduct of the society, one of the chief of which was the non-erection of the specified number of houses : this inquiry led to several sequestrations of the city and liberties until 16'2S, and for some time the rents were paid to the crown.

   Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 100

7. Derry garrison companies aid defeat at Clones

   Clones · town · Monaghan · 1643

   Five companies from the Derry garrison, under Sir Robert Stewart, aided in the defeat of Owen O'Nied at Clones on the 13th of June 1643. Stewart had been appointed governor after the death of Sir John Vaughan.

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   In the rebellion of 1641 the English and Scottish settlers received a considerable supply of arms and ammunition from London, and, having secured themselves within the walls, successfully defended the city from the attacks of the rebels under Sir Phehm O'Nial. In 1643 the inhabitants of Londonderry and Coleraine sent letters to the Lords- Justices, urging their impoverished condition and praying for relief. Sir John Vaughan, the governor, having died this year, Sir Robert Stewart was appointed to the command of the garrison, of which five companies aided in his defeat of Owen O'Nied at Clones, on the 13th of June. Towards the close of the year, the parliament having taken the covenant, the 261

   Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 100

8. Derry municipal government reformed under Victoria, 1840

   Derry · townland · Derry · 1840

   Until 1840, Derry's municipal government was vested in a mayor, twelve aldermen, and twenty-four burgesses. The city was then divided into three wards and governed by a mayor, six aldermen, and eighteen councillors under the act 3rd and 4th Victoria, cap. 108.

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   The MUNiciP.\L GOVERNMENT was. Until 1840, vested in a mayor, twelve aldermen, and twenty-four burgesses, assisted by a recorder, town-clerk, and chamberlain ; and the inferior officers of the corporation were a swordbearer, mace-bearer, four town-serjeants, two sheriffs' bailiffs, &c. The mayor and sheriffs were elected by the common-council on the '2nd of Feb., the former from among the aldermen, and the latter from the burgesses, from whom also the aldermen were chosen ; the burgesses were appointed from the freemen and inhabitants. The sheriffs exercised jurisdiction both over the entire county and the liberties of the city ; and the town-clerk was generally clerk of the peace for the county. The freedom was inherited by the sons of aldermen and burgesses, and was obtained by marriage with their daughters, by apprenticeship to a freeman, and by gift of the corporation. The city at present is divided into three wards, and governed by a mayor, six aldermen, and eighteen councillors, elected under the provisions of the act 3rd and 4th Victoria, cap. 108 : a sheriff is appointed by the Lord Lieutenant ; and there are also a town-clerk, clerk of the peace, and other officers. Derry returned two representatives to the Irish parliament till the L^nion, since which it has sent Vol. II. — 265

   Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 103

9. Derrynaught townland given to Armagh Observatory

   Derrynaught · townland · Armagh

   The townland of Derrynaught was given by Primate Robinson to the Armagh Observatory, and several townlands in the parish were tithe-free.

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   The PARisn is situated on the road from Armagh to Newry, and comprises '24,296 statute acres : the land in the northern part is of good quality, but that in the south-eastern portion is mountainous and poor. The system of agriculture is rapidly improving, through the exertions of Lord Gosford's agent, and green crops and thorough-draining are very general ; there is no waste land, and very little bog, indeed not sufficient for a due supply of fuel for the population. Lime, brought from Armagh, is the chief manure. Lead-ore of rich quality is found in the townland of Cavanaghgrough or Cavanagrove, but no attempt has been made to work it ; and near the Roman Catholic chapel at Drumlack is a thin seam of excellent coal. Gosford Castle, the seat of the Earl of Gosford, is a sumptuous and stately structure in the Norman style, built of granite from the Mullaglass quarries : the castle has been above 20 years in progress of erection, and is not yet quite completed ; it is situated in an ample and highly improved demesne, about a quarter of a mile to the east of the former mansion, which occupied the site of the castle originally erected by Sir A. Acheson in 161* and destroyed in the insurrection of 1641. The other seats in the parish are Drumart, INIarlacoo, and Ballynewry. A court for the united manors of Coolemalish and Cloncarney is held on the first Wednesday in every month, for the recovery of debts under 40s. ; and a court for the manor of Johnstown is held at Hamiltons-Bawn, on the first Monday in every month, for the recovery of debts to the same amount. Part of the parish is within the manor of Armagh, and part also in that of Clady, for which courts are occasionally held at Cambough and Clady. Courts leet are also held twice in the year. A very handsome court-house has been built at the end of Markethill nearest to Armagh. The railway in progress from Newry, by Armagh, to Enniskillen, will pass close to Lord Gosford's demesne, but at the side of it distant from the town, and thence through a part of the glebe. Several townlands are tithe-free, and the townland of Derrynaught was given by Primate Robinson to the Armagh Observatory. 371

   Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 186

10. Derry Parish School originated under Henry VIII statute

    near Derry · city · Derry · 1536–1812

    The Parish School in Derry originated in an act of the 28th of Henry VIII, confirmed by one of the 7th of William III. The present building, situated without the city walls, was erected in 1812 through contributions from Bishop Knox and the trustees of Erasmus Smith's charity, which provided annual grants for boys' and girls' schools.

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    James Alexander, Esq., of London, and is open to the clergy of the diocese at all times. The Parish School originated in an act of the '^iSth of Henry VIII., confirmed by one of the 7th of William III. The present building, situated without the walls, was erected in 18 12 through the liberal contributions of Bishop Knox and the trustees of Erasmus Smith's charity, the latter of whom allow annually £30 for the boys', and £15 for the girls', school ; and, in addition, the girls' school is aided by annual grants of £40 and £10 late currency from the Irish Society and the Bishop of Derry respectively. There are about 108 boys and 97 girls, who, except 20 of the boys who are free scholars, pay one penny each weekly.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 105

11. Derry seized by the English late in Elizabeth's reign

    near Derry · city · Derry · 1590–1607

    Toward the close of Elizabeth's reign, the English seized Derry to check the power of O'Nial and O'Donnel. After the earls of Tyrone and Tyrconnel fled in 1607, nearly six counties in Ulster were confiscated.

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    The river Foyle appears to have been the Argita, and the Bann the Login, of Ptolemy ; and the intervening territory, constituting the present county of Londonderry, formed, according to this geographer, part of the country of the Dariiii or Darini, whose name appears to be perpetuated in the modern designation of "Derry." The earliest internal evidence represents the district as being chiefly the territory of the O'Cathans, O'Catrans, or O'Kanes, under the name of Tir Cahan or ri(/;i«?i-aff/)<, signifying " O'Kane's country:" they were a branch of, and tributary to, the O'Nials, and their chief seat was at a place now called the Deer Park, in the vale of the Roe. When their country was reduced to shire ground by Sir John Perrot, in the reign of Elizabeth, it was intended that Coleraine should be the capital ; and the county was therefore designated, and long bore the name of, " the county of Coleraine," although the ruins of the court-house and gaol then built for the county are at Desertmartin, 15 miles from the proposed capital. Derry was seized by the English towards the close of Elizabeth's reign, for the purpose of checking the power of O'Nial and O'Donnel ; and when the earls of Tyrone and Tyrconnel fled the country, in 1607, nearly the whole of six counties in Ulster were confiscated. At this period the southern side of the county appears to have been possessed by the O'Donnels, O'Conors, and O'Murrys : the O'Cahans were not among the attainted septs, and consequently, in the ensuing schemes of plantation, many of them were settled among the native freeholders by James I., though they afterwards forfeited their estates in the subsequent civil war.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 91

12. Derry's parliamentary representation until the Union

    Derry · townland · Derry

    Derry returned two representatives to the Irish parliament until the Union, after which it sent representatives to the Westminster parliament.

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    The MUNiciP.\L GOVERNMENT was. Until 1840, vested in a mayor, twelve aldermen, and twenty-four burgesses, assisted by a recorder, town-clerk, and chamberlain ; and the inferior officers of the corporation were a swordbearer, mace-bearer, four town-serjeants, two sheriffs' bailiffs, &c. The mayor and sheriffs were elected by the common-council on the '2nd of Feb., the former from among the aldermen, and the latter from the burgesses, from whom also the aldermen were chosen ; the burgesses were appointed from the freemen and inhabitants. The sheriffs exercised jurisdiction both over the entire county and the liberties of the city ; and the town-clerk was generally clerk of the peace for the county. The freedom was inherited by the sons of aldermen and burgesses, and was obtained by marriage with their daughters, by apprenticeship to a freeman, and by gift of the corporation. The city at present is divided into three wards, and governed by a mayor, six aldermen, and eighteen councillors, elected under the provisions of the act 3rd and 4th Victoria, cap. 108 : a sheriff is appointed by the Lord Lieutenant ; and there are also a town-clerk, clerk of the peace, and other officers. Derry returned two representatives to the Irish parliament till the L^nion, since which it has sent Vol. II. — 265

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 103

13. Derry wrapper linen fabrics

    Derry · townland · Derry

    The fabrics of Londonderry are of two kinds; one only twenty-seven inches wide, called Derry wrappers, and the other thirty-two inches wide, made of fine yarn. Considerable quantities of linen are exported unbleached from the city.

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    The staple manufacture is that of linen, of which the raw material is grown here, chiefly from American and Riga seed, though partly from Dutch, which is most esteemed. The flax is spun by the rural population, and the weavers themselves are husbandmen ; so that during seed-time and harvest the loom is abandoned. The flax is generally spun from three to four hanks in the pound weight, and the tow yarn is made into sacking for home use ; the coarser yarn is mostly carried to Londonderry to be exported to Liverpool for Manchester, and to Scotland, the finer being disposed of at Coleraine, Newtown, &c. The fabric made in Coleraine is the finest, and all webs of the same texture, wherever manufactured, are called Coleraines. The fabrics of_ Londonderry are of two kinds ; one only twenty-seven inches wide, and called Derry wrappers ; the other thirty-two inches wide, and made of fine yarn. Considerable quantities of linen are exported 25b

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    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 96

14. Dervorghal taken from Leitrim castle, a cause of the English invasion

    Leitrim · town · Leitrim

    A castle existed at Leitrim village in ancient times, from which Dervorghal, wife of O'Rourk, Prince of Breffny, was taken by Dermod, King of Leinster. This event was one of the causes of the English invasion of Ireland. Some remains of ancient buildings, probably part of the castle, still exist.

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    LEITRIM, a village, in the parish of Kiltoghart, union of Carrick-on-Shannon, barony and county of Leitrim, and province of Connaught, 3 miles (N. by E.) from Carrick-on-Shannon, and on the eastern bank of the river Shannon ; containing 68 houses, and 406 inhabitants. It is recorded that St. Mac Liegus, son of Cernac, was bishop of Lietdrumai, or Liathdromen, which was the original name of this place. A castle existed here in ancient times, from which, or, as some state, from the castle of Dromahaire, Dervorghal, wife of O'Rourk, Prince of Breffny, was taken by Dermod, King of Leinster ; which was one of the causes of the English invasion. There are some remains of ancient buildings, which probably formed part of the castle. Fairs are held on Jan. ^'ind, Feb. 21st, March 25th, May 5th, June I6th, July 23rd, Sept. 1st, Oct. 13th, and Dec. 1st. Leitrim was formerly a place of importance, and gave name to the county.

    LEIXLIP, a market and post town, and a parish, in the union of Celbridge, partly in the barony of Newcastle, county of Dublin, but chiefly in the barony of North Salt, county of Kildare, and province of Leinster, 12 miles (N. N. E.) from Naas, and 8 (W.) from Dublin ; containing 2033 inhabitants, of whom 1086 are in the town. This place was included in the grant made to Adam Fitz Hereford, one of the earliest of the English adventurers, who is said to have built the castle, which is situated on an eminence overlooking the river Litfey, and according to tradition was the occasional residence of John, Earl of Morton, while governor of Ireland in the reign of his father Henry II. Leixlip was afterwards granted to the abbey of St. Thomas' Court, Dublin ; and by an inquisition in 1604 it appears that Thomas Cottrel, the last abbot of that 218

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 71

15. Description of Shanagolden town and parish

    Shanagolden · town · Limerick · 1841

    Shanagolden is a post-town and parish in the barony of Lower Connello, County Limerick. In 1841, the parish contained 2716 inhabitants, with 548 residing in the town, which consists of a long, irregular street of mostly thatched houses. The town and surrounding lands are principally the property of Lord Monteagle.

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    SHANAGOLDEN, a post-town and parish, in the Shanid division of the barony of Lower Connello, county of Limerick, and province of Munster, 18 miles (W.) from Limerick, and 116 (W. S. \V.) from Dublin, on the road from Rathkeale to Listowel ; containing, in 1841, '2716 inhabitants, of whom 548 were in the town, the popiilation of v\hich has since that time considerably increased. The parish comprises 4'233 statute acres : about two-thirds are under cultivation, producing abundant crops of corn, potatoes, and clover, the rest of the area being rough pasture ; the land is remarkably fertile near the town, and in some places is tolerably well cultivated. The town consists of a long irregular street, comprising 96 houses, of which three only are slated, the remainder being thatched, and all are small and ill-built. It has a sub-post office in connexion with Rathkeale and Tarbert, and is a constabulary police station ; petty- sessions are held on alternate Wednesdays ; aud fairs take place on the Wednesday after Trinity-Sunday, and on Sept. 4th, chiefly for cattle and pigs. A new line of road from the town joins the mail-road on the banks of the Shannon, at Robertstown, opening a ready communication with the county of Kerry. The substratum in and around the town is limestone, of which blocks of a very large size are procured for cutting into gate-posts, pillars, slabs, &c., but are all sent away, as no attempt has been made to cut or work them on the spot. Black and grey marble of very superior quality are extensively found throughout the lower part of the parish, but are only worked for repairing the roads, or fencing the fields. The town and the surrounding lands are principally the property of Lord INIonteagle, whose seat is about three miles distant. By the death of the late Lady Clonbrock, a large property in this parish, and in the parishes of Robertstown and Loughill, devolved to the Hon. Colonel Wingfield Stratford, who is doing much for the improvement of his tenantry, enabling them to build slated houses, and assisting them to reclaim their land : an agriculturist resides on the property, to instruct them in the best method of draining, raising green crops, &c. ; and within the last three years, more than 36 good slated houses have been built. Close adjoining the town is Shanagolden House, the elegant residence of the Rev. G. Vincent ; the glebe-house, more than a mile distant from the church, is at present occupied by the curate.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 276

16. Desertlyn parish church built in Norman style, 1832

    Moneymore · townland · Derry · 1832

    The parish church of Desertlyn, situated in the town of Moneymore, was erected in 1832 at a cost of £6000, wholly defrayed by the Drapers' Company. It is described as a very handsome structure in the Norman style.

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    The parish church of Desertlyn, situated in the town, is a very handsome structure in the Norman style, 351

    erected in 1332, at an expense of £6000, wholly defrayed by the Drapers' Company. There are also a Roman Catholic chapel, towards the rebuilding of which the same company contributed £'230 ; a place of worship for Presbyterians in connexion with the General Assembly, built by the company at an expense of £4000 ; and one for those till lately in connexion with the Seceding Synod, built on ground presented by the company, who also contributed £'250 towards its erection. Two large school-houses, with residences for a master and mistress, were built in the town in IS'iO, and are supported by the Drapers' Company, who also have built and support four in the rural parts of their estate ; the masters have each a salary of £50 and the mistresses of £35 per annum, with a house rent-free and a supply of fuel. Two dispensaries, with houses for resident surgeons, were built and are supported by the company, one here and one at Draperstown, for the benefit of their tenantry ; and two county dispensaries at the same places were also erected, and are solely supported, by the company, for the benefit of such inhabitants of the surrounding district as do not reside on their estates. The company allow £1000 per annum for the maintenance of the schools and dispensaries, which are regulated by a Board of Governors, consisting of the clergy of all denominations, the resident gentry of the neighbourhood, and the respectable farmers on the estate. There are several Danish forts in the parish, two of which, on the townland of Tulnagee, are in a perfect state ; and adjoining the lineu-hall are some slight vestiges of the ancient castle.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 169

17. Desertmartin lime esteemed best in the county

    near Desertmartin · parish · Derry

    Lime is the most extensively used manure across the county, and the lime from Desertmartin is singled out as the best quality available. Contiguous marl is also used, especially at Cruintballyguillen, or the Leek.

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    Of manures, lime, which can be procured in almost every part of the county, is in most extensive use, that of Desertmartin being esteemed the best ; the cr)ntiguous marl is also used, especially at Cruintballyguillen, or the Leek. In the maritime districts, and from six to ten miles inland, a favourite manure is sea-shells brought by boats from islands in Lough Foyle : the shells are chiefly oyster, muscle, and cockle ; from 30 to 60 barrels are spread on an acre. Shelly sand is also gathered from the coast, and from the shores of the Bann : trenching and throwing the mould on an unturned ridge, and the burning of peat for the ashes, are likewise practised. The breeds of cattle of every kind are much improved by judicious crossing. Derry not being a sheep-feeding county, the attention of the farmers has been less turned to this species of stock ; yet some of the gentry have large flocks. Pigs are to be found in almost every house and cottage ; they are usually slaughtered at home, and the carcasses sent to market for the supply of the provision-merchants of Belfast, Londonderry, and C'oleraine. Of the horses, one breed is the active, hardy, mountain garran, of a bay or sorrel colour, and slight make : the Scottish Highland horses are likewise in great request, and, together with a cross with the sinewy draught-horse, are in common use. A cross with the blood-horse has also been introduced. My roe is famous for good cattle. All the improved agricultural implements are in general use ; the advances made in every department of rural economy have been considerably promoted by the exertions of the North-West Farming Society, which holds its meetings in Londonderry and receives an annual donation of ten guineas from the Irish Society of London. Among wild-fowl, one species is very remarkable, the barnacle, which frequents Lough Foyle in great numbers, and is much esteemed for the sweetness of its flesh, as at Wexford and Strangford, though elsewhere rank and unsavoury : the difference here arises from its feeding on the fiiciis saccharintis. The ancient abundance of timber is evinced both by tradition and public documents ; also by the abundance of pine found in all the bogs, of yew at Magilligan, and of fossil oak and fir in the mosses, even in the most exposed situations : but the woods have been wholly demolished by the policy of clearing the country, the lavish waste of fuel, the destruction made by exporting staves (once the staple of the county), and the demand for charcoal for smelting lead and iron. Coal, chiefly from Lancashire, is the principal fuel of the respectable classes in Londonderry and its vicinity ; English, Scotch, and Ballycastle coals are used at Coleraine. But almost the universal fuel of the county is turf; in the fertile and thickly inhabited districts many Vol. II.— '257

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 95

18. Desmond castle at Mallow on the Blackwater

    Mallow · town · Cork

    The great Earl of Desmond erected a noble castle on the northern bank of the Blackwater at Mallow, commanding the pass of that river. After the earl's rebellion, the castle and manor were granted by Elizabeth to Sir Thomas Norris in 1584, and later passed by marriage to the Jephson family.

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    MALLOW, a borough and market-town, a parish, and the head of a union, partly in the barony of Duhal- Low, but chiefly in that of Fermoy, county of Cork, and province of Munster, 17 miles (N.) from Cork, and 12*1 (S. W.) from Dublin ; containing 9965 inhabitants, of whom 6851 are in the town. This place was anciently called Malla, Moyalla, and ]Moyallow, of which its present name is only a modification. Though the town has little claim to antiquity, yet the seigniory, which is independent of both baronies, formed part of the territories of the great Earl of Desmond, who erected a noble castle here on the northern bank of the Blackwater, which commanded the pass of that river. After the rebellion of the earl in the reign of Elizabeth during which this place was the centre of the operations of the English forces, the Queen was advised to fortify this castle for the defence of the ferry, where the troops were frequently detained for many days. In 1584, the castle and the manor were granted by the Queen to Sir Thomas Norris, or Norreys, lord-president of ]Munster ; they afterwards passed, by marriage with the daughter and heiress of Sir Thomas, to Major-General Sir John Jephson, Knt., of Froyle, in the county of Hants, and have since continued in the occupation of his descendants. In 1612, James I. confirmed these possessions to Dame Elizabeth Jephson, Sir John being then living; with the grant of a court baron, and power to determine pleas to the amount of 40s. ; also the privilege of a market and two fairs, with the power of appointing a clerk-of-the-market, and of licensing certain tradesmen. In the same year, the town, which had greatly increased and was strengthened with a second castle on the north side, called Castle Garr, or "the Short Castle," was incorporated, and made a free borough ; and on the breaking out of the war in 1641, besides its two castles, it contained 200 houses occupied by Enghsh settlers, of which 30 were strongly built, and roofed with slate.

    M ALL

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 133

19. Desmond escheat: Newcastle granted to Courtenay, 1591

    Newcastle · town · Limerick · 1591–1638

    On the death of the great Earl of Desmond, the castle and lands of Newcastle (County Limerick) escheated to Queen Elizabeth, who by patent in 1591 granted them to Sir William Courtenay with instructions to plant English settlers. A re-grant was made in 1638 to Sir George Courtenay, from whom the estates descended to the Earl of Devon.

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    and province of Munster, 20 miles (S. W.) from Limerick, on the road to Killarney andTralee, and 1 14 (S. W.) from Dublin J containing 4191 inhabitants, of whom 2266 are in the town, which extends into the parish of Monegay and contains altogether 2917 inhabitants. This place, anciently called Castle- Roe, derived both its origin and name from the erection of a castle here by the Knights Templars in 1184, round which, in process of time, a town was formed, that was fortified, and that ultimately obtained a charter of incorporation. After the suppression of the order, it lapsed to the crown, and, becoming the property of the Geraldines, suffered severely in the numerous vicissitudes of fortune which that powerful family underwent. During the reign of Elizabeth three battles were fought near the town. On the death of the great Earl of Desmond, the castle with the surrounding land.s escheated to the queen, who, by patent dated in 1591, granted it to Sir William Courtenay, with instructions to plant English settlers on it. It is probable that this condition was not fulfilled, as Sir William and his son were afterwards dispossessed, and a re-grant of the property was made, in 1638, to Sir George Courtenay, from whom the estates have descended to the Right Hon. the Earl of Devon, the present proprietor.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 201

20. Desmond's show of force at Tralee Castle, 1576

    Tralee · town · Kerry · 1576

    The Earl of Desmond invited Lord-President Sir William Drury to stay at his castle of Tralee, but when Drury approached with his men, he spotted 700 of Desmond's followers advancing. Drury charged and scattered them; the countess later claimed they had been assembled for a hunt.

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    peace. The earl endeavoured to dissuade him from his design, but without effect. He then, reserving himself for an appeal to the chief governor, assured Drury that he should be received in Kerry with all honour and submission, and invited him to reside at his own castle of Tralee. This invitation was accepted, when, on the near approach of Sir William with I'iO men, he observed at some distance a body of 700 of Desmond's followers advancing to meet him. The president at once concluded that he had been betrayed, and hastened to charge without waiting an attack. Desmond's followers dispersed at the first onset, and it was explained by the countess, who received the president at the castle, that they had been assembled by her lord merely to entertain him with hunting. Drury then proceeded to execute the laws without control or opposition, except in the unavailing complaints made to the government by the earl.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 6

21. Destruction and rebuilding of Tinahely in 1798

    Tinahely · town · Wicklow · 1798–1800

    During the disturbances of 1798, the town of Tinahely was entirely destroyed. It was soon afterwards rebuilt in an improved style in a wild and mountainous district on the banks of a small stream.

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    TINAHELY, a market and post town, in the parish of KiLCOMMON, union of Shillelagh, barony of Bal- LiNACOR, county of WiCKLOW, and province of Leinster, 20 miles (S. W.) from Wicklow, and 41 (S.) from Dublin, on the road from Rathdruni to Carnew ; containing 640 inhabitants. This place formed part of the vast estate of the celebrated and unfortunate Earl of Strafford, who commenced the erection of a splendid mansion at Coolruss, about a quarter of a mile from the town, the ruins of which are vulgarly called " Black Tom's Cellars :" on the attainder of that nobleman the estate was forfeited to the crown, and it subsequently became the property of the ancestor of Earl Fitzwilliam, the present proprietor. During the disturbances of 1798, the town was entirely destroyed, but it was soon afterwards rebuilt in an improved style : it is situated in a wild and mountainous district, on the banks of a small stream, over which is a stone bridge of five arches. A market is held every Wednesday ; and fairs, chiefly for cattle and pigs, on the first Wednesday after the 1st of Jan., on Feb. 7th, the first Wednesday after St. Patrick's day, the second Wednesday in April, May 8th, tlie 4th day and the last Wednesday in June, the first Wednesday after the 12th of July, on Aug. 7th, the second Wednesday in Sept., the first Wednesday after the 29th of Sept., on Nov. 7th, and the second Wednesday in December. Here is a chief constabulary police station ; a manorial court is held in April, and pettysessions on alternate Wednesdays in a room over the market-house, a neat edifice erected by the late Earl Fitzwilliam. Soap-boiling is carried on, and there are an extensive flour-mill and a tan-yard. In the town are a few good houses ; and in the immediate \icinity are. Town View, situated on high ground, whence a fine view of the town and surrounding country is obtained ; and Ballicionougue. The Primitive Wesleyan Methodists hold their meetings in the sessions-room. A school is maintained partly by a grant from Earl Fitzwilliam, and partly by the rector; and a dispensary is aided by an annual grant of £50 from his lordship. — See KiLCOMMON.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 334

22. Devil's Glen and Vartrey waterfall

    near Devil's Glen · valley · Wicklow

    The Devil's Glen is a deep rocky chasm enclosed by lofty cliffs, planted with firs, beech, oak and sycamore. The river Vartrey descends nearly 100 feet forming several beautiful falls before reaching its narrow rocky bed.

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    coast, with those of Dublin, Bray Head, and the long wild range of mountains to the west. The Devil's Glen, a deep rocky chasm inclosed on both sides by lofty and precipitous cliffs, among which, wherever they could take root, have been planted firs of all kinds, beech, oak, sycamore, and other forest-trees, presents an assemblage of features highly picturesque. The various hues of the foliage contrast powerfully with intervening masses of bare rock ; and the river Vartrey, a mountain torrent, on its entering the glen, descends from a height of nearly 100 feet, forming several beautiful falls before it reaches its narrow rocky bed. Through the upper vista above these falls are seen the distant mountains ; and from a walk which has been formed by the proprietor of Glenmore at a considerable height above the bed of the river, a comprehensive view of the whole glen is obtained, and some of the finest sweeps are seen to great advantage. Another walk was made by the same gentleman, in 1835, leading to many parts of the glen, and commanding some of its most interesting features. Near the village of Ashford, about a mile from the glen, is a small but comfortable hotel and posting-house. There are several other glens in this very wild and romantic part of the county, all strongly marked with features of interest and beauty. Of these, Balhjvolan has been but recently planted : there are two singular caverns in this glen, called the " Robbers' Caves ;" and on a farm at its southern extremity are some small remains of Ballyvolan Fort, said to have been the asylum of James H. on his flight from the battle of the Boyne, previously to his reaching Shelton Abbey. Coins, swords, spurs, arrow-heads, stone balls covered with lead, and various other relics have been found near this spot ; and in a contiguous field are the ruins of the ancient chapel of Kilmartin. In this field were found, in 1835, several skeletons, and portions of burnt wood ; and in a marl-pit, on the same townland, a horn of very large size was found about twentyseven years since, filled with silver coins of the reign of Elizabeth. There are remains of old churches at Killeskey, Kilfea, KiDoughter, and Trinity, near which last is a holy well.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 38

23. Devil's Punch-Bowl on Mangerton Mountain

    Devil's Punch Bowl · lake or lakes · Kerry

    The Devil's Punch-Bowl is a very deep hollow near the summit of Mangerton Mountain, over 1500 feet above sea level. It discharges surplus water via a stream cascading down the mountainside in a succession of cataracts.

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    The LAKES in the mountainous regions are numerous, but few are of large dimensions. The most remarkable for extent is the celebrated Lough Leine, the principal of the lakes of Killarney, which are three in number, and connected by straits, or short rivers. They are distinguished by the names of the Upper, the Turc, and the Lower lake. The last is about six miles in length and of great breadth, with mountains on one side of the richest grandeur, which is increased by the contrast of the level shore on the other ; the surface is overspread with islands of the most luxuriant beauty. Tore lake is separated from it by the wooded peninsula of Muekross and Dinis Island, and is still more picturesque ; but the wildest sublimity is that of the Upper Lake, about 2^ miles in length, and wholly surrounded by mountains. [For a more detailed account, see the article on Killarney.] The other lakes are as follow : — Lough Currane, near the shore of Ballinskellig bay, and which has several islands, and is fed by a stream called the Cummaragh river, flowing from the smaller lakes of Derriana and Elaineane, in the mountains ; Lough Scall, about halfway between Tralee and Dingle ; Lough Cara, near the harbour of Castlemaine ; and Lough Quinlan, near the creek of Kilmacalogue, and which contains several small floating islands. The Devil's Punch-Bowl is a very deep hollow near the summit of Mangerton mountain, upwards of 1500 feet above the level of the sea ; it discharges its surplus water by a large stream that rolls down the mountain side in a succession of cataracts distinguished by their white foam at a considerable distance. At the foot of the same mountain is Lough Kittane, a secluded and picturesque lake.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 8

24. Dhu Hole: river vanishing into limestone fissure

    near Kilwaughter · parish · Antrim

    In the plantation above Kilwaughter Castle, a limestone fissure called Dhu Hole swallows a river that is not seen again until it emerges into Lough Larne. This natural curiosity is located within the castle demesne.

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    KILWAUGHTER, a parish, in the union of Larne, barony of Upper Glenarm, county of Antrim, and province of Ulster, 1 mile (W. S. W.) from Larne, on the road to Ballymena ; containing '2164 inhabitants. This parish comprises 9803^ statute acres, of which 1 1 5 are under water ; about one-third is arable, and a very large portion mountain and waste land, particularly Agnew Hill, which has an elevation of 1558 feet above the level of the sea. The lands near Kilwaughter Castle are in a high state of cultivation ; there is'some bog, and limestone and basalt are abundant. The castle, the elegant mansion of the Agnew family, proprietors of nine-tenths of the parish, is situated within a beautiful and extensive demesne : in the plantation above the house is a place called Dhu Hole, a fissure in the limestone rock, into which falls a river that is no where seen again till it enters Lough Larne. There are extensive cotton and spinning mills in the parish, that employ nearly 1000 persons ; linen-cloth is woven in some parts. The parish is a rectory, in the diocese of Connor, forming part of the union and corps of the prebend of Camcastle in the cathedral of Connor. A perpetual curacy was lately instituted, called the curacy of Carncasflc and Kilwaughter, which is endowed with a portion of the tithe rent-charge of the latter parish, amounting to £45. The Ecclesiastical Commissioners recommend, that on the next avoidance the united parishes and rectories of Kilwaughter and Carncastle become a distinct benefice, the perpetual curacy to be absorbed therein. The church is at Carncastle; the glebe (in this parish), as also the glebe-house, was purchased by the late Board of First Fruits, in 1S13. There is a small Roman Catholic chapel at Craiganorn. £50 Irish were bequeathed to the poor of the parish by Mr. H. Crawford, and are now under charge of the Board of Charitable Bequests. Some slight remains exist of the old church, in the castle demesne.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 57

25. Dillon castle destroyed by Cromwell, Kilkenny-West

    Kilkenny West · townland · Westmeath · 1649–1730

    Remains of an old castle in Kilkenny-West parish, formerly belonging to Lord Dillon, were destroyed by Cromwell. Oliver Goldsmith's father was appointed to this rectory in 1730 and resided at Lissoy, where the poet was first sent to school.

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    KILKENNY-WEST, a parish, in the union of Ath- LONE, barony of Kilkenny-Wkst, county of West- MEATH, and province of Leinster, 5^ miles (N. E. by N.) from Athlone, on the road from that place to Ballymahon J containing 3489 inhabitants. An abbey anciently existed here, one of the abbots of which, St. Scannail, died in 7*3 : it was, with its possessions, granted in 1.569 to Robert Dillon, in capite, at the annual rent of £22. 0. 10. A priory, or hospital, of Crouched friars was erected at the beginning of the 13th century, by Friar Thomas, grandson of Sir Thomas Dillon, and some of its ruins still exist. In 1335, the grand priory of Kilmainham had an exempt hospital here ; and there was a holy well, dedicated to the Blessed Virgin. At Bethlem, near Lough Rce, was formerly a nunnery, which was plundered and burnt in 1642, by some English soldiers, who were attacked the same night, by the peasantry and 60 of them killed. Sir James Dillon encamped in the parish in that year, to blockade Athlone. The PARISH is bounded on the west for a considerable distance by Lough Ree, which contains several islets, the largest of them being Friars' Island. It comprises 10,048 statute acres, two-thirds arable and one-third pasture ; there are about 640 acres of bog. Agriculture is improving, and here are good limestone-quarries. A considerable part is occupied by the fine demesne of Waterstown, which includes a beautiful lake and the ruins of an ancient castle : the other seats are Rossiana, East Hill, Annagh, Oatlands, Auburn, and Littleton. The living is a rectory, in the diocese of Meath, and in the patronage of the Marquess of Drogheda and R. Butler Bryan, Esq. ; the tithe rent-charge is £207. 13.8. The church has been rebuilt by the Ecclesiastical Commissioners, at a cost of £481. The glebe-house was built by aid of a gift of £300 and a loan of £500 from the Board of First Fruits, in 1813 ; the glebe comprises 15 acres. In the Roman Catholic divisions this parish forms part of the district of Noughoval, and has a spacious chapel. Here are the remains of an old castle, formerly belonging to Lord Dillon, and which was destroyed by Cromwell. The father of Oliver Goldsmith was appointed to this rectory in 1730, and resided at Lissoy, where the poet was first sent to school : his brother, to whom he dedicated the poem of The Traveller, was curate here, and his sister and brother- in-

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 32

26. Dingle linen manufacture in Corkaguiney barony

    Dingle · town · Kerry

    The chief manufacture of Kerry, coarse linen, was nearly confined to the barony of Corkaguiney. The word 'Dingle' impressed on the cloth procured it a ready sale at foreign markets, though the trade has since declined.

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    The chief manuf.4Cture, that of coarse linen, is nearly confined to the barony of Corkaguiney, where it was formerly much more extensive than at present ; the word " Dingle," impressed upon the cloth, procured for it a ready sale at foreign markets. The flax is uniformly raised on potato soil, and yields abundantly; latterly, since attention has been paid to saving the seed, half the former quantity of imported seed has been found to be sufficient. The kind of linen most in demand was known by the name of " Box-and-trip," and owed its character to the careful mode of preparing the yarn ; but the sale has latterly declined, in consecjuence of the inferior method of manufacture ; it is wrought in pieces from 140 to '200 yards in length. Another kind of linen is also made here, called Bandle linen, from being of the width of fourteen inches, which makes the measure called a bandle. Both sorts were in much demand, as well for domestic consumption as for the army and navy. The woollen manufacture is carried on for 14

    KERR

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 11

27. Diocesan records destroyed by Cromwell and James II's soldiers

    Raphoe · town · Donegal

    All consistorial court records at Raphoe prior to 1691 are believed destroyed, either when the castle was taken by Cromwell or when it was plundered and burned by the soldiers of James II.

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    1392 acres of profitable land, consisting of the town parks ; and the gross annual revenue, on an average of three years ending on January 1st, 1832, amounted to £5787. 8. The revenue received by the Ecclesiastical Commissioners, in 1844, was £6337. The chapter consists of a dean, archdeacon, and the four prebendaries of Drumholm, Killymard, Inver, and Clondehorky. The consistorial court is held at Raphoe, and consists of a vicar-general, a surrogate, a registrar, deputy-registrar, and two proctors. The registrar is keeper of the records, which are of modern date ; all prior to 1691 are supposed to have been destroyed when the castle was taken by Cromwell, or when it was plundered and burned by the soldiers of James II. The total number of parishes is 34 (of which 5 are district parishes), comprehended in 34 single benefices, including 5 perpetual curacies ; of these benefices, 5 are in the patronage of the Crown, 15 in that of the Bishop, '2 in the patronage of incumbents, and the remainder in lay patronage : there are 34 churches, and 28 glebe-houses. The cathedral, which is also the parochial church of Raphoe, and to the repair of which the Ecclesiastical Commissioners recently granted £1005, is a plain, ancient, cruciform structure, with a square tower added to it by Bishop Forster in 1737, as appears by that date on a stone over the door : there is no economy fund. The Episcopal palace, originally a strong castle, stood in the immediate vicinity of the town, and was a very handsome and spacious castellated building, in tastefully disposed grounds: it was burnt on November 17th, 1839, by an accidental fire, caused, as is supposed, by embers falling from a grate in an upper chamber, during uight ; no part of the building now remains, with the exception of the outer walls and offices. The demesne, and part of the mensal lands, are let on lease by the Ecclesiastical Commissioners. The deanery-house which is also the glebe-house of the parish, was built in 1739, at an expense of £1680, and has been subsequently enlarged and improved from their own funds by various successive incumbents ; it is pleasantly situated about a mile from the town. In the Roman Catholic divisions the diocese is co-extensive with that of the Protestant see ; it comprehends 24 benefices, containing 36 chapels, which are served by 50 clergymen, of whom "24 are parish priests and 26 are coadjutors or curates. The bishop's parishes are Conwal and Aughnish ; the cathedral is at Letterkenny, where is also the bishop's residence.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 245

28. Diocese and cathedral of Kildare founded with St. Bridget

    Kildare · town · Kildare · 500–1223

    The Diocese of Kildare was founded towards the close of the 5th or beginning of the 6th century by Conlaeth, who with St. Bridget's assistance erected the cathedral and became first bishop. Ralph of Bristol, first English bishop consecrated in 1223, spent greatly on repairing and beautifying the cathedral.

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    The Diocese of Kildare appears to have been founded towards the close of the "ith or about the commencenunt of the 6th century, by "^f C imlaeth or Conlaid, who, N\ ith the assistance of St. Bridget, then presiding over tlie monastery, erected the cathedral and became first bishop. The first English bi'-hop was Ralph of Bristol, consecrated in 1223, who ^^as at great expense m repairmg and beautifying the cathedral. The first bishop after the Reformation was iniliam Miagli, whom, in opposition to the Pope's appointment, and in vindication of his own supremacy, Henry VIII. advanced to the see, in 1540. During the prelacy of Alexander Craik, who succeeded in 1560, the see was reduced to great poverty by the alienation of several valuable manors, which that bishop exchanged with Patrick Sarsfield for some tithes of very inconsiderable value ; and it was further impoverished by Bishop Pilsworth, in 1604, after a fruitless attempt to recover the alienated property. The estates which had been alienated to Sarsfield became forfeited to the king during the prelacy of Bishop Price, who succeeded in 1660, and might have been recovered by a clause in the Act of Settlement ; but the bishop could not be prevailed upon to take the necessary measures at the time, and all the subsequent efforts of his successors were unavailing. Anthony Dopping, who succeeded in 1678, in consideration of the poverty of the see, procured the annexation of the preceptory of Tully, and several rectories in the diocese of Meath, to be held in coinmendam with the bishopric ; and If'ilUam, Dean of Christ Church, Dublin, who was advanced to the prelacy in 16S1, was for the same reason allowed to retain his deanery, which was thenceforward held by the bishops of Kildare ; who ranked next to the bishops of Meath, the other bishops taking precedency according to the dates of their consecration. Under the provisions of the Church Temporalities' act of the 3rd and 4th of William IV., the .see, on its recent avoidance, was annexed to the archiepiscopal see of Dublin, and its temporalities, including those held in commendam, are now vested in the Ecclesiastical Commissioners.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 20

29. Diocese of Leighlin and its decline

    Oldleighlin · parish · Carlow · 1158–1836

    The diocese of Leighlin, smallest of the five constituting the ecclesiastical province of Dublin, suffered irreparable impoverishment under Bishop Daniel Cavanagh from 1560. After his death in 1587 it was held in commendam, eventually united with Ferns and then in 1836 with Ossory under the Church Temporalities Act.

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    tation and plunder of the see in the continued hostilities of early times, it experienced no irreparable impoverishment till the succession of Daniel Cavanagh, in 156" ; during his prelacy various grants and long leases were made^to his friends, reserving for his successors only some very trifling rents ; and to such poverty was the bishopric reduced that, upon his decease in 1587, it was granted in commindam to Peter Corse, archdeacon of the diocese, and afterwards held with the deanery of St. Patricks, Dublin. In 1600. Robert Grave was advanced to the see of Ferns, to which this diocese was then annexed ; and the two continued from that time to be held together till 1S36, when, on the death of Dr. Elrington, the last bishop of Leighlin and Ferns, both sees were united to the bishopric of Ossory, under the provisions of the Church Temporalities' act. The see estate of Ferns and Leighlin remains with the bishop of the three united dioceses, Ferns, Leighlin, and Ossory ; and the see estate of Ossory. the suppressed bishopric, is vested in the Ecclesiastical Commissioners, together

    LEI G

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 67

30. Diocese of Meath formed from union of small sees at 1152 synod

    Clonard · town · Meath · 1152

    The Diocese of Meath was formed by consolidating several small sees—Clonard, Duleek, Kells, Trim, Ardbraccan, Dunshaughlin, Slane, and Fourc—at a synod held by Cardinal Paparo in 1152, with the episcopal seat fixed at Clonard. Duleek and Kells were annexed later.

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    MEATH (Diocese of). This diocese was formed by the union of several small sees, the principal of which were Clonard, Duleek, Kells, Trim, Ardbraccan, Dunshaughlin, Slane, and Fourc; all of which, except Duleek and Kells, were consolidated at the celebrated synod held by Cardinal Paparo in II. '12, and the episcopal seat fixed at Clonard. The sees of Duleek and Kells were afterwards annexed ; and the united diocese, which took its name from the ancient province of Meath, was placed under the superintendence of Idunan, who flourished towards the close of the nth century. The first prelate after the English invasion was Eugene, who was advanced to the see in 11*4, and a short time before his death in 1194, assumed the title of Bishop of Meath, which has ever since been retained. Simon Roclifort, his immediate successor, founded an abbey for Augustinian canons at Newtown, near Trim, to which he removed the see, and where it remained till the reign of Henry VIII. ; Thomas Si. Leger, who was consecrated in 128", extended the possessions and the privileges of the diocese. Alexander de liahcot, who was consecrated in 13S6, was appointed lord high treasurer of Ireland by Edward III., and filled many important stations under Richard II. ; his successor, Edward Dantsey, was lord-deputy to Sir John de Grey, lord-lieutenant of Ireland. John Pam, who was made bishop in 1483, preached the sermon, and proclaimed the title of Lambert Simnel, at his coronation in Christ Church, Dublin, for which he received a pardon in 1488; and on the arrival of Sir Richard Edgecombe to settle the country after Simnel's defeat, he attended that officer on his landing at Malahide, and was employed by him to proclaim the kings pardon to all who should return to their allegiance. In the reign of Henry VIII., the episcopal seat was re moved to the church of St. Mary's Abbey at Ballymore, near Lough Seudy, in the county of "Westmeath ; but it appears to have remained there for a short period only, and not to have been subsequently established in any particular locality ; nor has there been for a long time either dean, chapter, or cathedral church. In 156S, the see of Clonmacnois was annexed to this diocese by act of parliament. In 1621, the celebrated James L'ssher was consecrated bishop of Meath, which dignity he held till 1624, when he was translated to the archbishopric of Armagh. The bishop ranks next to the two archbishops; the other bishops of dioceses in Ireland take precedence according to the date of their consecration.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 150

31. Diocese of Waterford founded by Ostmen, late 11th century

    Waterford · city · Waterford · 1090–1100

    The Diocese of Waterford was founded about the close of the 11th century by the Ostmen of Waterford soon after their conversion to Christianity. They chose Malchus, a Benedictine monk of Winchester, as their first bishop, who was sent to England to be consecrated by Anselm, Archbishop of Canterbury.

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    The city is the seat of a DIOCESE, founded originally about the close of the 11th J^ century by the Ostmen of "^ Wateri'urd, soon after their conversion to Christianity For the office of bishop tliLy chose 3/(//f/iHs, who had Ixcn a Benedictine monk of Winchester, and whom they sent to England to be consecrated by Anselm, Archbishop of j^^^^^ ^^^. ^f^^ ,^,^^, b,,,;,,,,,,.;,.. Canterbury. Malchus entered upon his episcopal office in 1096, and died in 1110: of his two immediate successors, nothing worthy of notice occurs ; after the distribution of the four palls by Cardinal Paparo, Augusline, the third in succession, was appointed bishop in a council at Windsor, in 1175, and was sent by the king to Ireland, to be consecrated by his proper metropolitan, Dunat, Archbishop of Cashel. David, the second in succession to Augustine, was consecrated in 1204, and, in addition to his own, seized the temporalities of the adjoining see of Lismore, but was assassinated in 1'209 ; Robert, who succeeded to the prelacy in 1210, pursuing the same policy as his predecessor, laid the foundation of continual feuds between the two sees, which were carried on with fierce and rancorous hostility. Stephen of Fulburn, who was consecrated in 12*3, was in the following year made treasurer, and afterwards lord justice, of Ireland ; he 643

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 385

32. Dispute over Derry quarter-lands between corporation and Bishop King

    near Derry · city · Derry · 1692–1703

    From 1692 to 1703, the corporation of Derry and the Irish Society disputed Bishop King's claims to the quarter-lands and fisheries. An act of 1703 established the society's right to 1,500 acres and fisheries, subject to paying £250 per annum to the bishop.

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    In 1692, the corporation, failing to negotiate with Bishop King for a renewal of the lease of the quarterlands, reminded the society that the bishop's claims to this property were unsubstantial, and agreed to establish their right in consideration of £90. 10. per annum, which is still paid. In 1695 the society procured a resumption of the remainder of the 1500 acres comprised in their letters-patent, by an ejectment against the bishop, who, in 1697, appealed to the Irish house of lords, and obtained an order for their restitution ; the sheriffs and some other inhabitants of Derry, opposing the order, were taken into custody, and conveyed to Dublin. Against this decision the society applied to the English house of lords ; and in 1/03 an act was passed establishing their right, not only to ^the 1500 acres, but also to the fisheries, which had previously been an object of dispute ; subject to the payment of £250 per annum to the bishop and his successors, which is still continued, with a condition of exonerating him from rent or other demands for his palace and gardens. In 1721 a dispute took place between the corporation and the military governor, who refused to deliver the keys of the city gates to the new mayor, which by the charter he was bound to do ; he surrounded the town-hall with troops, and prevented the members of the corporation from entering it, but was removed immediately after. A grand centenary commemoration of the shutting of the gates took place in I78S, and was continued with the utmost harmony for three days ; in the month of August following, the relief of the city was commemorated.

    The CITY is advantageously situated on the river Foyle, above five statute miles above the point where it spreads into Lough Foyle, and chiefly on the summit and sides of a hill projecting into the river on its west side, and commanding in every direction richly diversified and picturesque views of a well cultivated tract. This hill, or " Island of Derry," is of an oval form, 1 19

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 100

33. Dissolution of Louth Priory and Grant to Plunkett

    Louth · town · Louth · 1542

    Prior John Wile, who had alienated considerable revenues, voluntarily resigned at the Dissolution and received a pension. The priory with all its revenues was granted in the 33rd year of Henry VIII to Sir Oliver Plunkett, ancestor of the present proprietor.

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    whom 718 are in the town. This place, called anciently Ktwckfir^us, and also (luain-Cftinn, was celebrated for an abbey founded by St. Patrick, over which he placed St. Mocteus or Mochtalugh, a Briton, who died at a very advanced age in 534. The monastery became an extensive seat of learning under the superintendence of St. Mocteus and his successors ; and it is said that 100 bishops and 300 presbyters, all eminent for learning and piety, were educated in this school. St. Dichull, who became abbot about the commencement of the Hth century, and several of his successors, were styled indifferently abbots or bishops ; and the monastery continued to flourish till 830, when it was pillaged by the Danes, by whom the abbey was destroyed in 839, and many of the brethren killed. In 96s, while in the possession of the Danes, the abbey was plundered by Muirceartagh, son of Donell, King of Ireland, who slew many of these invaders ; and in 1043, this place and the adjacent country were plundered by Andatus O'Ruairc, who was himself soon after slain. In 10*5, the town, with all its churches, was destroyed by fire ; and in 1133 and 1148 the abbey experienced a similar calamity, from which it never seems to have recovered. Donchad O'Kervaill, Prince of Orgial, and Edan OCoellaidhe. Bishop of Clogher, who had recently (in 1148) founded the abbey of Knock, jointly erected a priory for Canons Regular, which was subsequently made a sanctuary by Iklalachy, Archbishop of Armagh : the prior sat as a baron in parliament. The town was destroyed by fire in Ilo'^, 1160, and 1166, when it was also plundered ; and in 1'24'2, a grand chapter of the order was held in the priory of Louth by the Archbishop of Armagh, at which were assembled all the abbots and priors of the Canons Regular in the kingdom. Edward Bruce and other leaders of the Scottish army were entertained here, in 1315, by the prior, who was afterwards pardoned by Edward II. on payment of a fine of £40; and in 1488, the prior, who had been concerned in the insurrection of Lambert Simnel, received the king's pardon. John Wile, who had alienated a considerable portion of the revenues of the establishment, and who was prior at the time of the Dissolution, voluntarily resigned his office into the king's hands, and received a pension of £l6. 13. 4. for the remainder of his life; the priory, with all its revenues, was granted in the 33rd of Henry VIII. to Sir Oliver Plunkett, ancestor of the present proprietor.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 114

34. Distillery at Thomond Gate, Limerick

    near Thomond Gate · street · Limerick

    The distillery of Stein, Browne, and Co. at Thomond Gate produced 455,000 gallons of whisky annually. There were also seven breweries in Limerick brewing porter, ale, and beer to a total of 5,000 barrels.

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    Considerable efforts for the encouragement of the Lnen and cotton m.\nufactures were not long since made, but failed. The former branch of industry has of late greatly declined : it had existed in the county for more than a century, and, by the exertions of the Chamber of Commerce, the weavers were enabled to manufacture that description of linen best adapted to command a sale. There was a linen-hall, in which markets were held every Friday and Saturday. Premiums, also, were given by the Chamber of Commerce, until this branch of their public exertions was undertaken by the Agricultural Association, a committee of which, united with the Trustees for the Promotion of Industry in the county, met for the purpose in the committee-room at the linen-hall every Saturday. This united committee, besides annual subscriptions from its own body, which are applicable to all improvements in agriculture, has under its management a fund of about £7000 allocated to the county by a board of directors in London, for the purpose of promoting the linen, woollen, cotton, and other trades, among the poor. The glove trade, once of great celebrity, has declined considerably, most of the gloves sold under the name of Limerick being now manufactured in Cork. The tanning of leather was formerly very flourishing, but fell latterly into a very depressed state ; it has, however, revived within the last two years, through the encouragement given to it by INIr. Russell, an extensive provisionmerchant, by whom this branch of business is largely carried on. A manufactory was formed in lS'i9, at Mount Kennett, for tambour lace and running, better known by the name of Irish bloade, which is here brought to great perfection ; the wrought article is sent to London. A second lace-factory was established in 1836, in Clare-street, by Wm. Lloyd, |Esq. ; and there are now four lace factories, employing in the aggregate 2000 females of all ages. A muslin-factory, in the Abbey parish, employs 100 boys as apprentices; and a brush factory gives employment to 300 persons. The distillery of Stein, Browne, and Co., at Thomond-gatc, 231

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 78

35. Distillery established at Middletown by Matthew Johnston

    Middletown · townland · Armagh · 1831

    An extensive distillery with improved machinery was established at Middletown in 1831 by Mr. Matthew Johnston, producing about 80,000 gallons of whisky annually. It was later discontinued and replaced by a steam-powered flax-mill on the premises.

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    ghan ; containing about 5145 inhabitants, of whom 70S are in the town. This phice owes its present prosperity to Dr. Sterne, a former bishop of Clogher, who in 1745 bequeathed the then rilhs^e of Middletown, eight townlands in this parish, and five in the adjoining parish of Donagh in the county of Monaghan, to trustees (incorporated by an act of the Irish parhament passed in I'T'J), who have expended considerable sums for the benefit of the tenantry in general, and in the erection of a market-house, school-house, dispensary, fever hospital, and infirmary at Middletown. The town consists of two streets crossing each other at right angles, and contained, in 1S31, 140 houses, which number has been since increased to I67 : several of the houses are large and well built. An extensive distillery, with machinery on an improved principle, was established here in 1831, by Mr. Matthew Johnston : it produced annually about 80,000 gallons of whisky, and consumed on an average 1500 barrels of malt, and 1'2,000 barrels of raw grain. This distillery has, however, been discontinued ; and on the premises is now a flax-mill, worked by steam. The distillery caused the establishment of markets for grain on Wednesday and Saturday, and there is a market on Thursday for provisions : fairs are held on the first Thursday in each month, for horses, cattle, and pigs. A receiving-house for letters is in connexion with Tynan : here is a station of the constabulary police, and petty-sessions are held on every fourth Saturday.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 152

36. Distinctive twin-blade spade used in Erris

    Erris · barony · Mayo

    In Erris, a spade of unusual construction was found to answer best in light sandy soils. It consisted of two iron blades, each about three inches broad, with a space between them, fixed on a two-forked shaft.

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    the sea-coast, shell-sand and weed. Paring and burning are very prevalent, notwithstanding the penalties inflicted on the practice by act of parliament ; the land, when so treated, produces tolerable crops for a few years, but is afterwards barren for a considerable length of time. When burning has been repeated three or four times, it has been found necessary to renovate the soil by a coat of bog mixed with earth or farm-rubbish. In reclaiming bog, which is done by limestone-gravel to the thickness of an inch, or bj' white marl, it is observed that when the heath dies, as it does in about three years, daisies and white clover show themselves, indicating that the land is fit for tillage. The plough is an implement little used in the boggy and mountainous parts ; the long narrow spade, which generally supplies its place, is called a " loy." In Erris, a spade of still more unusual construction is found to answer best in light sandy soils ; it consists of two iron blades, each about three inches broad, with a space of an inch and a half between them, fixed on a two-forked shaft like two loys. The old and clumsy agricultural implements are rapidly giving way to those of a more improved description ; the slide car is nearly extinct even in the mountains. Yet still the cottiers' implements are mostly limited to the spade and sickle ; and the manure is carried to the field, and the produce to market, in wicker panniers on horses' backs, or on the shoulders of women. In general, the ploughing is too light, and the sowing too late in the season ; hence, the harvest of every kind of crop requires the farmer's attention simultaneously. Wheat is cultivated to some extent, but potatoes and oats are the main crops ; green crops are more frequent than formerly ; flax is raised only on the headlands, or corners of a field, for domestic use. The favourite breed of horned-cattle is a cross between the old Leicester and the native stock ; but the native cow is still preferred in the upland districts. The sheep are not equal to those of the adjoining counties. In the mountains a useful hardy race of horses is found; in the lowland districts, the horses are remarkably good for the saddle, and of superior action. Pigs do not enter into the rural economy of the small farmer to the same extent as in other counties. Dairies are neither numerous nor extensive, the rearing of young cattle being the more general occupation. The fences are dry stone walls formed by collecting the numerous loose stones off the land, but in Clanmorris and Kilmaine they are good ditches faced with quicksets. Draining and irrigation are little practised, though the soil and the command of water are favourable to both.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 146

37. District Lunatic Asylum at Maryborough

    Portlaoise · municipal district · Laois

    The District Lunatic Asylum for the King's and Queen's counties and those of Westmeath and Longford was erected at Maryborough at an expense of over £24,000. The buildings present a front of 365 feet of hewn limestone and could accommodate 160 to 170 patients.

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    one for female criminal prisoners, and one for female debtors, altogether containing 8* cells. Attached to each ward are day and work rooms and airing-yards ; there are also an infirmary, nine solitary cells, and a tread-wheel used for raising water : the prison is heated by stoves. A school is opened in each ward ; and the rules of prison discipline, according to the most improved system, are strictly observed. The District Lunatic Asylum for the King's and Queen's counties and those of Westmeath and Longford, is established here ; it was erected at an expense, including the purchase of land and furniture, of £24,1*2. The buildings stand in the middle of an inclosed area of ^^a. l'2r. 7p., handsomely laid out and planted for the recreation of the patients and the use of the establishment ; and present a front of hewn limestone raised from quarries in the neighbourhood, extending 365 feet. They include a central building, containing the governor's residence and other apartments connected with the management of the institution, and having the kitchen, laundry, baths, and other out-offices, in the rear. From the centre branch out the wings, containing corridors, sleeping-rooms, day-rooms, and working-halls ; there are four corridors, &c., for each sex, all admirably constructed, and of easy access for the purpose of superintendence. Water for culinary purposes is conveyed by pipes from a rivulet that passes through the inclosed area, and each corridor is furnished with an ample supply of the purest water from a never-failing spring which issues from a neighbouring limestone rock. The building is capable of accommodating from 160 to 170 patients, and is now nearly full : the average expense of each patient for the year 1843 was £IF>, on the gross expenditure, which is defrayed by the several counties in proportion to the number of patients sent hither from each. The County hijirmary, situated near the lunatic asylum, and opened in 1808, consists of a large building of three stories, each traversed from end to end by a corridor communicating with eleven wards, capable of accommodating five patients each. The funds are derived from parliamentary grants, county presentments (limited to £1400 per annum), subscriptions, and fines at petty-sessions. The number of patients admitted in a recent year was 868 ; the expenditure, £990. The dispensary connected with the infirmary afforded relief to 86.50 extern patients.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 139

38. District Lunatic Asylum on New Cork road, completed 1826

    Limerick · city · Limerick · 1826

    The District Lunatic Asylum for the counties of Limerick, Clare, and Kerry is a very extensive edifice on the New Cork road, completed in 1826. Measuring 429 by 314 feet with an octagonal centre and four wings, it originally intended for 150 curable lunatics and uses moral treatment excluding coercive measures.

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    The County Hospital was founded in 1759 by the exertions of the late Rev. Deane Hoare, vicar-general, and of Mr. Vandeleur, surgeon, aided by the Pery and Hartstonge families. The present building on the new Cork road, which was completed in 1811, at an expense of £7100, has a front of 114 feet, and contains 10 wards for males and 6 for females ; the number of patients admitted in a recent year was 632, at an expense of £1520. Barrington's Hospital, called by the act of the 1 1th of George IV. the " City of Limerick Infirmary, " was founded in 1829 by Sir Joseph Barrington, Bart., and his sons, Matthew, Daniel, Croker, and Samuel. This hospital, built on George's-quay at an expense of upwards of £4000, contains six large wards, capable of holding 60 beds ; the number at present is 35. It was given by the founders to the city, and opened under the new arrangement in Nov. 1831 ; it is supported by voluntary subscriptions and a grant from government. Attached to the institution is a good medical library : a wing was lately built for a lying-in hospital, and another for a fever hospital. St. John's Fever and Lock Hospital was founded in 1781 by Lady Hartstonge : in a recent year it had I6OI patients; the expenses were £1520. 10. The Lying-in Hospital, opened in Nelson-street in 1812, under the control of a board of trustees, is supported by subscriptions and the interest of a bequest of £1000 from Mrs. White : upwards of 400 patients have been annually admitted into it since its establishment. There is also a dispensary in Limerick. The District Lunatic Asylum, for the counties of Limerick, Clare, and Kerry, is a very extensive edifice on the New Cork road, completed in 1826 : it is 429 feet by 314; the centre forms an octagon, from which four wings diverge, containing cells for patients. It was originally intended only for 150 curable lunatics; but an additional building has been erected for those con-

    LIME

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 79

39. Dockyard built opposite Waterford city

    Waterford · city · Waterford · 1820

    Until 1820, Waterford was considered one of the worst ports in Ireland for ship repairs. A dockyard was constructed on the river bank opposite the city, capable of drawing vessels of any burthen out of the water, where several admired vessels were subsequently built.

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    Notwithstanding the extent of its export trade, and the importation in return of foreign produce of every kind, the merchants and traders until recently invested little property in shipping of their own, but chiefly employed English shipping; and even till the year 1820, the port was considered one of the worst in Ireland, in respect of the accommodation it afforded for repairing ships. This disadvantage was at length removed by the construction of a dockyard on the bank of the river, opposite to the city ; into which vessels of any burthen may be drawn completely out of the water for repair, and in which have been built several vessels that are much admired for beauty of model and soundness of workmanship. The trade of the port has been also much promoted by the Chamber of Commerce, incorporated by act of parliament in 1815 : the building in Kingstreet, is large and commodious. The ground floor is occupied by the offices of the Harbour Commissioners, and the Pilot-office ; and there are a news-room and a reading-room and library belonging to the Waterford Institution : the upper part of the building is occupied by railway engineers. A Savings' Bank has been lately built opposite the Chamber of Commerce.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 383

40. Docwra's fortification of Culmore and Derry

    near Culmore · town · Derry · 1600

    In 1600, Sir Henry Docwra entered the Foyle with 4000 foot and 200 horse, landing at Culmore where he erected a fort. He then obtained possession of Derry, constructed fortifications, and demolished the abbey and cathedral for building materials, effectively founding the modern city.

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    Edward II. granted the town to Richard de Burgo, Earl of Ulster, in 1311 ; but from this period till the reign of Elizabeth, prior to which the English exercised no settled dominion in Derry, no event of importance connected with the place is recorded. In 1565 Edward Randolph arrived in the Foyle with seven companies of foot and one troop of horse, to repress Shane O'Nial, Earl of Tyrone, who had renounced his allegiance to the English crown ; and a sanguinary engagement taking place on the plains of Muff, the Irish chieftain was signally defeated. An encampment was then formed by the English near the city ; but in a sally against some of O'Nial's forces, who had ostentatiously paraded before it, the English general was slain by a party who had concealed themselves in an adjoining wood, and the command of the garrison was given to Colonel St. Lo. The English converted the cathedral into an arsenal, and on the 24th of April, 1566, the gunpowder blew up by accident, with so much damage as to render the place untenable ; the foot embarked for Dublin, to which city also the horse returned, passing through Tyrconnell and Connaught to avoid O'Nial. In 1599 it was again determined to fortify Derry, a measure long deemed essential in order to divide and check the power of O'Nial and O'Donell, the accomplishment of which object was favoured by its situation and the friendship of O'Dogherty of Ennishowen. With that view Sir Henry Docwra, in 1600, entered the Foyle with a British force of 4000 foot and 200 horse, and landed at Culmore, at the mouth of the river, where he erected a fort. He soon obtained possession of the city, and constructed fortifications and other works for its defence ; pulling down the abbey, cathedral, and other ecclesiastical buildings, for the sake of the materials. On the termination of the war at the commencement of 1603, the garrison was reduced to 1 00 horse and 1 50 foot under the governor, and 200 foot under Captain Hansard ; while at Culmore were left 20 men. Sir Henry now directed his attention to the improvement of the place, and with so much zeal as to entitle him to be regarded as the founder of the modern city. A number of English colonists settled here on his invitation ; he obtained grants of markets and fairs, and, in 1604, a charter of incorporation with ample privileges. But in 1608, after the flight and forfeiture of O'Nial and O'Donell, the growing prosperity of the new city was checked by the insurrection of Sir Cahir O'Dogherty, the young chief of Ennishowen, who took both Culmore Fort and Derry, at the latter of which Sir George Paulet (to whom Sir Henry Docwra had alienated all his interests) and his men were slain ; as many of the inhabitants as could escape fled, and the town was plundered and burned.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 99

41. Dohilla slate quarries on Valencia Island

    Dohilla · townland · Kerry

    The slate quarries at Dohilla on the northern side of Valencia Island were opened by the Knight of Kerry, who expended £16,000 establishing the works. The slate was used for the National Gallery, St. Thomas's Hospital, the British Museum, and the new Houses of Parliament, employing 400 men.

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    established by the Knight of Kerry, for the supply of the fresh-fish market ; and the farmers commonly equip seine-boats for taking mackerel and herrings, during the summer season : a seine costs about £40, and the crews of two boats attending it, are sixteen in number. The slate-quarries on the northern side of the island, at Dohilla, were opened several years ago by the Knight of Kerry, who expended £16,000 in establishing the works, and succeeded in introducing his flags to a considerable extent into the London market, where the slate obtained the favour of the most distinguished architects and engineers. On its first introduction it was used for the National Gallery, St. Thomas's Hospital, the British Museum, and various other public edifices ; and it was also adopted in the Ordnance and Admiralty departments. In 1S39, the quarries were let on lease to an English company, the Messrs. Blackburn, who invested upwards of £40,000 in the extension and improvement of the undertaking, and who by machinery and skill have brought the material to such perfection that it now commands an unbounded market. Among other great works, it is employed by Mr. Barry in roofing the new houses of parliament. At present, 400 men are employed in the works, and the wages of labourers in Valencia are double those given on the main land opposite.

    The LIVING is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of Ardfert and Aghadoe, and in the patronage of the Crown: the tithe rent-charge is £112. 10. The glebehouse, at Kilmore, built in 1815 by a gift of £400 and a loan of £300 from the Board of First Fruits, is now in a dilapidated state : the glebe comprises 06 statute acres of good land. The church, situated at the northeastern side of the island, is a small plain building with a square tower, also erected in 1S15, and since repaired by a loan of £200 from the Board. In the Roman Catholic divisions, likewise, the island constitutes a separate parish : the chapel is nearly in its centre. The ruins of the old church are to be seen in the burialground, which is still used for interment.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 370

42. Dollardstown, former seat of the Meredyth family

    Dollardstown · townland · Meath

    Dollardstown in Painstown parish, Meath, is a spacious mansion, the property of Sir W. Meredyth Somerville, Bart., and formerly a seat of the Meredyth family. Seneschalstown is the property of the Aylmer family.

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    PAINSTOWN, a parish, in the union of Navan, barony of Lower Duleek, county of Meath, and province of Leinster, 2 miles (S. \V.) from Slane, and on the road from Trim to Drogheda, by Navan ; containing 1 1'if inhabitants. This parish is bounded, in the northern portion, by the river Boyne, and comprises 3511 statute acres : the land is of good quality, nearly equally divided between tillage and pasture ; there is no waste land, and only about 50 acres of bog, at Horsestown. Copper exists, but has not been worked for some years ; and there are quarries of building-stone. Beaupark, the spacious and elegant mansion of Gustavus Lambart, Esq., is situated on very elevated ground, overlooking the river Boyne, and commanding a view of some richly varied scenery ; the grounds are celebrated both for natural and artificial beauty ; the demesne contains about 300 Irish acres. DoUardstown is also a spacious mansion, the property of Sir W. Meredyth Somerville, Bart., and formerly a seat of the Meredyth family. Seneschalstown is the property of the Aylmer family ; Tersington is the seat of T. Russell, Esq. In 1546, license was granted to the bishop and clergy of Meath to alienate for ever the advowson of Painstown, reserving to the bishop and his successors out of the rectory a yearly pension of £20 : the living is a rectory, in the diocese of IMeath, united by act of council, in leS'i, to the rectory of Ardmulcban, and in the patronage of the Crowu and the Bishop, the former having one, and the latter two turns. The tithe rentcharge of the parish is £'207. 13. 11. late Irish currency ; and the entire value of the benefice, before the passing of the Rent-charge act, was £563. 9. The 415

    PALL

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 228

43. Dominican abbey founded in Derry

    near Derry · city · Derry · 1274

    In the year 1274, a Dominican abbey was founded on the north side of Derry city. By the 1830s, even the site of the buildings could not be accurately traced.

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    Cistercian nunnery was founded on the south side of the city in 1218, as recorded in the registry of the Honour of Richmond ; but from the Annals of the Four Masters it appears that a religious establishment of this kind had existed here prior to that period. Nial O'Nial plundered the town in 1222 ; and, in 1261, sixteen of the most distinguished of the clergy of Tyrone were slain here by Conor O'Nial, and the Kinel-Owen or men of Tyrone. In the }-ear 1274 a Dominican abbey was founded on the north side of the city, of which even the site of the buildings cannot at the present time be accurately traced.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 99

44. Dominican Abbey of the Holy Trinity, Irishtown

    Irishtown · street · Kilkenny · 1225–1316

    Founded in Irishtown by William Le Mareschal the younger in 1225 and dedicated to the Holy Trinity. Chapters of the Dominican order were held here in 1281, 1302, 1306, and 1316; extensive cruciform church ruins survive with a central tower and decorated English style details.

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    The priory, or hospital, of St. John the Evangelist, founded by William Le Mareschal in 1220, notwithstanding its long alienation from ecclesiastical uses, was, in 1641, taken possession of by a fraternity of Jesuits, who commenced its restoration ; a great part of it was afterwards demolished, and the east window of its church, enriched with delicate tracery, and part of the south side of the choir, formed a picturesque ruin till the year 1817, when it was restored, and became the parish church of St. John. The Annals of this house, called the Codex Kitkeniiieiisis, were in high reputation, and formed part of the Chandos collection. The Dominican abbey, founded in Irishtown by William Le Mareschal the younger, in 1225, was dedicated to the Holij Trimtij ; and chapters of the order were held in it in 1281, 1302, 1306, and 1316 : part of it was, subsequently to the Reformation, made a shire-house, and in 1640 the whole was repaired. The remains of the abbey church are e.xtensive and interesting : it was cruciform, with a central tower, which is still in good preservation, crowned with a graduated battlement having angular turrets ; the windows and arches are of elegant design, and the nave and south transept are beautiful specimens of rich detail in the decorated English style : part has been restored for a Roman Catholic chapel. Among the eminent persons interred in this church were the founder and his brother. The Franciscan abbey was founded previously to the year 1230, and a provincial chapter was helii in it in 126" ; it extended from the city walls to the river, and of its extensive remains, part has been converted into a brewery. The body of the church is nearly entire, though without a roof, and is now used as a tennis-court ; at the west end are the relics of a lofty window of seven lights, and from the centre of the building rises a tower of light and elegant proportions, resting on finely groined arches, and apparently of the date of the 14th century. Within Vol. I'i.— 81

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 32

45. Dominican abbey ruins at Lorrha

    Lorrha · townland · Tipperary

    The remains of a Dominican friary stand on a rivulet flowing into the Shannon, with walls nearly entire in the early English style. The bell was hidden in a field at the suppression of the monastery and discovered about 40 years before publication, and the interior holds mural tablets including one bearing the arms of the Mac Egan family.

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    The living is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of Killaloe, forming part of the union of Aglishcloghane or Lorha; the tithe rent-charge is £3'27. ~. The glebehouse was built in 1816 by the then incumbent, aided by a gift of £100 and a loan of £ViO() from the Board of First Fruits, and is a handsome residence ; the glebe of the union comprises 10 acres. The church has been repaired by a grant of £113 from the Ecclesiastical Commissioners. There is also a church at Dorrha, in the union. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish is the head of a district, comprising also the parish of Dorrha ; the chapel here is a plain modern building near the ruins of the Dominican friary, and there is a chapel at Dorrha. A school was erected in 1S3'2, on a site given, with a liberal subscription, by Mr. Toone ; the expense of the building was £150, towards ■which the National Board contributed £70. There are several other schools ; and a dispensary. The remains of the Dominican abbey, the walls of which are nearly entire, are situated in a fertile spot on a rivulet which falls into the Shannon ; the prevailing character is the early English style. The western gable is surmounted by a small belfry turret, and above the entrance is a handsome window ; the bell, which at the suppression of the monastery had been taken down and hid in a field, was discovered about 40 years since, and restored : the interior of the edifice contains several mural tablets, one of which bears the arms of the Mac Egan family. There are some ruins of Ballyquirk Castle, near which is the modern house of that name ; and also of Lackeen Castle.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 110

46. Dominican abbey ruins with gigantic effigy

    Thomastown · town · Kilkenny

    Remains of a Dominican abbey at Thomastown survive chiefly as a wall with five pointed arches and elegant windows. Among numerous sepulchral monuments, the most remarkable is a recumbent figure of a man of gigantic stature; no inscriptions are legible.

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    The parish comprises 2042 statute acres ; the land is of good quality, and in a state of profitable cultivation. Limestone abounds, and there is an extensive quarry near the town : in the lower part of the sandstone-hills is found a kind of stone inclining to jasper ; and not far from the town is a quarry of light-coloured compact silicious schistus, which is raised in large flags for building. The principal seats are, Danj:an Lodge, a handsome modern house situated in tastefully disposed grounds ; Coolmore ; and Flood Hall, the residence of the Flood family. The living is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of Ossory, united by act of council in 1803 to the rectories and vicarages of Colunibkill and Famagh-Church, and in the patronage of the Bishop; the tithe rent-charge of the parish is £1S6. The glebe-house, towards the erection of which the late Board of First Fruits contributed £100 and a loan of £650, in 1806, is a neat building about a quarter of a mile from the church; the glebe comprises 1*^ acres, and the gross value of the whole benefice, before the passing of the Rent-charge act, was £526 per annum. The church is a neat structure ; the late Board granted a loan of £1266 for its erection in 1817, and the Ecclesiastical Commissioners recently granted £129 for its repair. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish is the head of a district, comprising also the parishes of Church-Jerpoint, West-Jerpoint, Columbkill, Kilfane, TuUowherin, and Killarney, in which union are four chapels ; the chapel in the town is a handsome edifice with a spire, and contains the great marble altar removed from the ruins of Jerpoint Abbey. In the vicinity of the town are the remains of Grenan Castle ; and on the river a little below the town, are those of Dysett Castle, said to have been the birth-place of Berkeley, the learned bishop of Clogher, who was born in 16h4. Lagan Castle, near the town, was the residence of the last abbot of Jerpoint. "There are some remains of the Dominican abbey of Thomastown, the foundation of which and its subsequent history are not recorded ; they consist chiefly of the wall of one of the aisles, in which are five pointed arches and some windows of elegant design : there are numerous sepulchral monuments among these ruins, but the most ancient are greatly mutilated, and no inscriptions are legible ; the most remarkable has a recumbent figure of a man of gigantic stature.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 331

47. Dominican chapel in Glentworth-street, built 1815

    Limerick · city · Limerick · 1815

    The Dominican friars have their house and chapel in Glentworth-street, Limerick. The chapel is a large early Gothic style edifice built in 1815, enriched with a painting of the Crucifixion, and the community consists of a prior and four friars.

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    In the Roman Catholic arrangements the ancient county of the city is divided into the parishes or districts of St. Mary, St. John, St. IMichael, St. Patrick, and St. Lelia. St. Mary's parish comprises the whole of the King's Island, the English Town, and the Little or Sluice Island ; thus embracing the whole of the Protestant parish of St. Mary, parts of St. Munchin's and St. Nicholas's, and the e.xtra-parochial district of St. Francis. The chapel is a large plain cruciform edifice, built in 1749, on the Sluice Island; the altar exhibits three styles of architecture finely combined, and has a good copy of Michael Angelo's picture of the Crucifixion. A female school established in this parish, some years since, by the religious sisterhood of St. Clare, was adopted, after the departure of that body from Limerick, by the sisterhood of the Presentation convent ; and on the breaking up of that establishment in 1S36, the National Board of Education granted £40 towards its support, and it was placed under the charge of the Rev. Dr. Hanrahan, P.P. It is still held in the convent, under the superintendence of two of the lay-sisters of St. Clare ; affords instruction to 400 children ; and is supported by subscriptions and charity sermons. St. John's parish comprises the Protestant parish of St. Laurence, and that part of St. Michael's known by the name of the Assembly Mall; this is the bishop's parish, and the church is therefore called the cathedral. It is a large cruciform building, erected in 1753 ; the altar, which is very splendid, has a picture of the Crucifixion by Collopy, a native artist. St. Michael's parish is coterminous with the Protestant parish of the same name, with the exception of the Assembly Mall. The chapel, situated near the cornmarket, was built in 17*9, and was then surrounded by open fields . it was considerably enlarged in 1805, and is now the largest and finest in the city ; it can accommodate 2500 persons. In this parish are three orders of friars. The Dominicans have their house and chapel in Glentworth-street ; the latter, a large edifice in the early Gothic style, built in 1815, is enriched with a painting of the Crucifixion : the community consists of a prior and four friars. The Augustinians, whose community consists of a prior and two friars, have their house and chapel in St. George's-street : the chapel was built for a theatre, and was purchased by the friars in 1824 ; the boxes and galleries are still preserved as seats for the congregation. It is lighted from the dome : the altar, supported by Corinthian pillars, is enriched with a picture of the Ascension by Collopy. The Franciscans, whose community consists of a prior and two friars, have their house and chapel near Wellesley-bridge : the latter is a large edifice in the Gothic style, comprising a centre and wings, with a handsome gallery ; the altar is very fine, and has a splendid painting of the Madona. Tlie brothers of the Christian Schools, six in number, have a school in this parish and another in St. John's, in which about 600 children are educated ; the funds are raised by collections made every Saturday throughout the city by the brethren. A female school, established by the late Rev. Dr. Hogan, P.P., in 1822, was 238

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 79

48. Dominican convent and school at Esker

    Esker · townland · Galway

    A Dominican convent at Esker in the parish of Kiltullagh consisted of seven friars with a pleasantly situated chapel featuring a handsome spire. Connected with it was a school of about 600 children, 50 clothed and many fed.

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    KILTULLAGH, a parish, in the union of Loughrea, partly in the barony of Kilconnell, but chiefly in that of Athenry, county of Galway, and province of Connaught, 3 miles (E. by S.) from Athenry, on the road to Loughrea ; containing 3244 inhabitants. A cell of the third order of Franciscans was founded here prior to the year 1441. The parish comprises 8948 statute acres, and is moderately well cultivated. Kiltullagh House is the seat of J. DArcy, Esq., in whose demesne is a fine chalybeate spring. The parish is a vicarage, in the diocese of Clonfert, forming part of the union of Kilconickny ; the rectory is appropriate to the bishopric, deanery, and archdeaconry of Clonfert, and to the vicarage. The tithe rent-charge is £153. 8., of which £17. 6. are payable to the Ecclesiastical Commissioners, £3. 9. to the dean, £24. 4. 8. to the archdeacon, and the remainder to the vicar. In the Roman Catholic divisions Kiltullagh is the head of a district, comprising the parishes of Kiltullagh and Killimordaly, in each of which is a chapel. There is a Dominican convent at Esker, consisting of seven friars ; it is pleasantly situated, and the chapel has a handsome spire. Connected with it is a school of about 600 children, 50 of whom are clothed, and many of them fed.

    KILTULLAGH, a parish, in the union and barony of Castlerea, county of Roscommon, and province of

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 57

49. Dominican convent at Roscommon

    Roscommon · town · Roscommon

    A Dominican convent at Roscommon is among the monastic ruins surviving in the county. It is listed alongside other religious establishments such as Tulsk Abbey and Derane Abbey near Roscommon.

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    The most numerous class of antiquities is the raths, which abound in the northern and middle baronies, though less frequent in the south. No less than 470 are marked on the grand jury map of the county ; and the people generally regard them with veneration, deeming it unlucky to disturb or cultivate them. At Jamestown are two, remarkable for being situated so close to each other that the encircling trenches join ; there is a still more curious circular fortification at Lough Glynn, and at Oran are the remains of an ancient round tower. The monastic remains are also various and interesting : Archdall enumerates 50 religious establishments of various kinds ; and there are still interesting and picturesque ruins of Boyle Abbey ; of that at Clonshanvill ; of Trinity Abbey, on the shore of Lough Kea ; of the priory of Inchmacneerin, an island in the same lake ; of Tulsk Abbey ; of the Dominican convent at Roscommon; of Dcrane Abbey, two miles north-east from Roscommon ; and of Clontuskert Abbey, in the same vicinity. There are also a large old church and other ecclesiastical ruins at St. John's. Several remains of small castles are scattered through the county, undeserving of particular notice. The following are most remarkable : the old castle of Lough Glynn j the fortress on Castle Island, in Lough Kea, anciently belonging to Mac Dermct ; Ballynafad Castle, the ancient seat of O'Conor Roe ; the extensive ruins of Roscommon Castle ; those of Ballintobber Castle, belonging anciently to O'Conor Don ; the old keep of Athlone Castle ; the ruined fortress and fortified isthmus of St. John's; and the old castle of Ballinasloe. Old Coote Hall, in the parish of Tumna, presents curious remains of fortification in a tower and ruined walls ; and at Belanagare, Kilmore, and near Athleague, are ruined mansions, conspicuous by their tall ornamented chimneys and high gables. Among the other antiquities may be noticed the old bridge of Athlone, the inscription on which states it to have been built 4S3

    Rose

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 260

50. Dominican friary at Portumna

    Portumna · town · Galway

    Cistercian monks from Dunbrody had a chapel at Portumna dedicated to St. Peter and St. Paul; when they abandoned it, O'Madden gave it to Dominican friars who established a monastery and a church dedicated to the Blessed Virgin. Considerable ruins remain, with three arches supporting the tower still entire and enriched tracery windows.

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    Portumna Castle, the seat of the Marquess of Clanricarde, a noble structure in the Elizabethan style, and probably erected during that reign, was destroyed by an accidental fire in 1826 ; the walls only remain, and the offices have been fitted up as a temporary residence for the countess dowager. The remains of the ancient castle built by De Burgo, which was situated close to the river, were taken down a few years since. The parish church, a handsome structure of hewn limestone, with the spire, is situated in the town ; it was built in 1832, at an expense of £1500, advanced on loan by the Board of First Fruits. The Roman Catholic chapel, built in 1826, at an expense of £1200, is an elegant cruciform building in an inclosed square of an acre of ground, given by the Marquess of Clanricarde for the building and a burial-ground. There are considerable remains of the Dominican friary, the walls of which are in a tolerably perfect state : the church was cruciform, and of elegant design ; three of the arches which supported the tower are still entire, and several of the windows, particularly the east window of the choir, are enriched with tracery. The ruins are partly concealed by trees, and intertwined with ivy ; and, from their retired situation, have a very interesting appearance. The tenants of the marquess in this neighbourhood, who have their land on reasonable terms, and are in comfortable circumstances, testify a growing taste for improving the cultivation of their farms.

    POTTERCHA, a village, in the parish of Kilskyre, barony of Upper Kells, county of Meath, and province of Leinster ; containing about 22 houses and 124 inhabitants.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 231

51. Dominican friary founded at Lorrha, 1269

    Lorrha · townland · Tipperary · 1269

    A Dominican friary was founded at Lorrha in 1269 by Walter de Burgh, Earl of Ulster. The friary later hosted a provincial chapter of the order in 1688 attended by 150 friars in their proper habits.

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    LORHA, or Lorragh, a parish, in the union of Parsonstown, barony of Lower Ormond, county of TippERARY, and province of Munster, 8^ miles (W.) from Parsonstown, on the road to Portumna ; containing 4/42 inhabitants, of whom 312 are in the village. This place was anciently distinguished for its religious establishments, the earhest of which was an abbey for Canons Regular, founded by St. Ruadan, who presided here over 150 monks and died in 584. The establishment appears to have flourished without interruption till 844, when, according to Archdall, Turgesius, with his Norwegian forces, destroyed the town ; he was soon after taken prisoner by Maolseachlain, King of Meath, and drowned in Lough Ainin. After its restoration the abbey was destroyed by accidental fires in 1154 and 1 157, and in 1 179 the town was destroyed by fire. The hand of St. Ruadan was preserved in a silver case in this abbey till its suppression. A Dominican friary, also, was founded here in 1269, by Walter de Burgh, Earl of Ulster; in which, in 16S8, a provincial chapter of the order was held, when 150 friars clothed in their proper habits assisted. The parish comprises 16,521 statute acres : the land in cultivation is of good quality, and the system of agriculture improving ; the scenery is pleasingly diversified, and derives much interest from the venerable ruins of the abbey and friary. The principal seats are, Abbeville ; Portland ; Belle-Isle, of Lord Avonraore ; Harvest Lodge ; Ballymacegan ; Kilcarron ; and Grange. The village, containing 56 houses, is pleasantly situated within three miles of the river Shan-

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 109

52. Dominican friary founded by Geoffrey de Geneville, 1263

    Trim · town · Meath · 1263

    A Dominican friary in Trim was founded in honour of the Blessed Virgin in 1263 by Geoffrey de Geneville, Lord of Meath. General chapters of the order were frequently held there.

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    The remains of the castle are extensive, and form a conspicuous and highly interesting object. The keep is a massive pile strengthened by four lofty square towers, which rise to a considerable height above the other parts of the building; and there are several round towers and other outworks extending to the river Boyne, which flows along their base ; the whole occupying an area of about four acres. The remains of the ancient abbey, in which was preserved an image of the Virgin, that was burnt at the Reformation, consist principally of part of the tower called the Yellow Steeple, onehalf of which was destroyed by Cromwell, against whom it was defended for a considerable time. Here were formerly also, a convent of grey friars, dedicated to St. Bonaventure; a Dominican friary, founded in honour of the Blessed Virgin, in 1263, by Geoffrey de Geneville, Lord of Meath, and in which general chapters of the order were frequently held ; and a chantry in the parish church. At Newtown Clonbun or Trim, about half a mile from the town, on the banks of the Boyne, are extensive remains of other religious foundations, the principal of which are those of a priory of Canons Regular of the order of St. Victor, founded by Simon de Rochfort, Bishop of Meath, about the year 1206 ; the prior was a lord of parliament, and there are still some remains of the fine old church. Adjoining the bridge are the remains of a square tower, whence a regular range of building extends along the water's edge to another tower, near which is the eastern gable of a small chapel with a fine window j and at a short

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 352

53. Dominican Friary founded by Nugent family

    Mullingar · town · Westmeath · 1237

    A Dominican friary was founded in Mullingar in 1237 by the Nugent family. It attained great celebrity and general chapters of the order were repeatedly held there.

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    MULLINGAR, a market and assize town, a parish, and the head of a union, partly in the barony of Far- TULLAGH, but chiefly in that of Moyashel and Mag- HERADERNON, county of Westmeath, and province of Leinster, "20 miles (S. E.) from Longford, and 39 (W. by N.) from Dublin ; containing 9903 inhabitants, of whom 4569 are in the town. This was one of the ancient palatinate towns founded by the English settlers of Meath. In 1'277, Ralph le Petit, Bishop of Meath, established a priory here for Canons Regular of the order of St. Augustine, which was dedicated to the Blessed Virgin, and was long designated the " House of God, of Mullingar." A Dominican friary was founded in 1237, by the family of Nugent, and attained such celebrity that general chapters of the order were repeatedly held in it. In 1329, Lord Thomas Butler was attacked near this town by Mac Geoghegan, and after an obstinate resistance was defeated and slain; in 1464 the town was burned and destroyed by the people of Managh. The monks of Multifarnham, in 1622, commenced the erection of a Franciscan friary, but it was never completed ; the two previous religious establishments continued to subsist till the reign of Elizabeth, when they were finally dissolved. In 1661, the castle and the two dissolved monasteries, with the town and adjacent land, were by royal charter granted to Sir Arthur Forbes, ancestor of the Earl of Granard, and erected into a manor, with very extensive privileges ; and for better peopling the said manor, Mullingar was by the same charter constituted the assize town for the county. In the war of the Revolution, the town was fortified by Gen. de Ginkel, and became the principal rendezvous of William's forces. From this place he led 2000 horse and 1000 foot against the Irish adherents of James II., who 373

    had encamped at Ballymore ; and it was also the headquarters of William's army prior to the siege of Athlone.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 186

54. Dominican friary founded by O'Brien, Prince of Thomond

    Limerick · city · Limerick · 1227

    A Dominican friary was founded in Limerick city in 1227 by Donogh Carbragh O'Brien, Prince of Thomond, becoming a place of great magnificence and the burial-place of prelates and eminent men. Part of the walls still existed, and the cemetery formed the garden of the late Presentation convent.

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    Limerick anciently contained two Augustinian monasteries, one of Regular Canons, and the other of hermits : the Regular Canons had another house in the contiguous parish of Mungrett, which was destroyed by the Danes in IIO7. In 1227, a Dominican friary was founded in the city by Donogh Carbragh O'Brien, Prince of Thomond, which became a place of great magnificence, and was the burial-place of various prelates and other eminent men: part of the walls still exists, and the cemetery formed the garden of the late Presentation convent. There were also a Franciscan convent, founded by William Fion de Burgo ; a house of canonesses of the order of St. Augustine, founded in 1 17 1, by Donald O'Brien, King of Limerick ; and a house of the Knights Templars ; but no remains of these buildings are now discernible. The military antiquities consist of the ruins of the fortress called King John's Castle, at the end of Thomond-bridge, comprehending the great gateway, defended by two massive round towers, and the outer walls, having similar defences, and presenting a fine relic of the military architecture of that remote period ; of dilapidated portions of the walls and towers of the citadel nearly contiguous, in which the Castle barracks have been erected ; of various portions of the town walls ; and of some of the outworks, especially a fort on the King's Island, north of the Old Town. There are also some remains of the celebrated Black Battery, close to which was the breach defended so heroically against William's army. In the rural parishes of the ancient hberties are the ruins of several forts.

    LISB

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 79

55. Dominican Friary in Waterford adjoining Arundel's Castle

    Waterford · city · Waterford · 1226

    A Dominican friary was founded by the citizens of Waterford, who applied to Henry III for liberty to build on ground adjoining Arundel's Castle. At the Dissolution the buildings were granted to James White. The only existing remains are the chancel of the church with an ornamental arched doorway and a lofty square belfry tower.

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    The oldest of the UEi.ifiiors houses was the priory of St. Catherine, founded by the Ostmen for canons of the order of St. Augustine and of the congregation of St. Victor. Its endowment and possessions were confirmed by Pope Innocent III., in 1211 ; from the terms of that confirmation it appears to have been insulated at that time. In the 3 1st of Elizabeth, its revenues were granted on lease to Elizabeth Butler, otherwise Sherlock. The abbey was situated to the south-west of the city, adjoining Lombard's marsh, and a great part of the building remained in tolerable preservation till a few years since, when it was levelled to open a way to the bridge then built over John's river ; a vaulted room and a small portion of the foundations are all that now remain. The priory of St. John the Evangelist was founded in the suburbs, in 1185, by John, Earl of Morton, afterwards King of England, for monks of the order of St. Benedict, and made a cell to the abbey of St. Peter and St. Paul, in the city of Bath. This establishment received many grants and charters from successive English monarchs, and at the close of the 15th century had vast possessions and enjoyed ample privileges, among which was the right of holding a court baron within the parish of St. John. The manor of St. John, now the property of Thomas Wyse, Esq., was for a long period held under the priors of that house by his ancestors : at the Dissolution, in 1537, it continued in the possession of the family ; and it was subsequently confirmed in capite at two knights' fees, with all tithes, privileges, royalties, and immunities, by royal charter, to Sir William Wyse, then chamberlain to Henry VIII. This charter was fully confirmed by patent in the 15th of Elizabeth. A monastery for Dominican or Black Friars, called also Friars Preachers, who were introduced into Ireland in 1226, was founded by the citizens, who for that purpose applied to Henry lil. for liberty to erect their house on a piece of ground adjoining Arundel's Castle, and on which stood the ruin>-- of an ancient tower. The establishment continued to flourish under the patronage of several monarchs ; and at the Dissolution the buildings, which were very extensive, but in a ruinous condition, were granted in capite, with some parcels of land, to James White, at an annual rent of 4s. The only existing remains are the chancel of the church and the belfry. The entrance to the former is through an arched doorway, highly ornamented with rope mouldings and surmounted by a spacious window ; the interior consists of two apartments, low and gloomy, with vaulted roofs supported on groined arches. The belfry is a lofty square tower of massive thickness, having a staircase leading to the summit, from which is obtained an interesting view, especially over the old portion of the city. A monastery for Franciscan Friars, or Friars minor, was founded in 1240 by Sir Hugh Purcell ; at the Dissolution it was purchased by Henry Walsh, who established on its site the hospital of the Holy Ghost, before noticed. There are remains of two houses of the Knights of St. John oj

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 389

56. Dominican friary remains at Youghal

    Youghal · town · Cork

    The western gable and some eastern portions of the Dominican friary, located at the north end of Youghal, still remain standing. The passage provides a brief but notable record of this religious house's survival.

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    The .\NTiauiTiEs may in conclusion be noticed. The western gable and some of the eastern portions of the Dominican friary, at the north end of the town, still remain. The chancel of the collegiate church of St. Mary, now in ruins, affords a good specimen of its former magnificence ; the east window of si.x lights is 683

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 415

57. Dominican friary remains on King's Island, Limerick

    King's Island · townland · Limerick

    On King's Island in Limerick are the remains of an ancient Dominican friary, near which a nunnery has been established with a large school for girls instructed by the ladies of the convent.

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    of about £1400, of which £900 were a loan from the Board of First Fruits, and the remainder was defrayed by subscription. A fine view of the Shannon is obtained from the churchyard. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish is partly in the district of Thomond-Gate, comprising also parts of St. Nicholas and Killeely, and containing the chapel of St. Lelia near Thomond-Gate, a substantial and spacious building, erected in 1798; and a small chapel at Woodthorpe : the remainder of St. Munchin's parish is in the Limerick district. On King's Island are the remains of an ancient Dominican friary, near which a nunnery has been established : attached is a large school for girls, who are gratuitously instructed by the ladies of the convent.

    Near the church is a range of almshouses and schools, endovred by Mrs. Hannah Villiers, and erected by her trustees in 1826. The building, which is in the Elizabethan style, consists of a centre and two projecting wings, the former being surmounted by a cupola : it contains apartments for 12 poor widows, each of whom receives £24 Irish per annum ; and there are two school-rooms. The master receives £30, and the mistress £25, per annum. Under a recent decree in chancery, the trustees established a Protestant female orphan school, for the maintenance and education of 20 children. Near the north end of Thomond-bridge is an ancient stone, on which the celebrated treaty of Limerick was signed ; it is still called the " Treaty stone." The churchyard is supposed to have been the burial-place of St. Munchin, the first bishop of Limerick ; the church contains a monument to Bishop Smyth, who lived, died, and was buried in this parish, and it is the burial-place of the family of Smyth, ennobled in the person of the late Lord Gort, who died in 1842.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 190

58. Dominican Friary ruins at Roscommon

    Roscommon · town · Roscommon

    The remains of the Dominican Friary at Roscommon include a church 137 feet long with a northern transept, pointed arches on round pillars, and a beautiful enriched window over the principal entrance. Under an arch on the north side of the choir is a tomb with a mutilated effigy said to be that of O'Conor, with four warlike figures representing ancient gallowglasses on the base.

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    There are some remains of the Dominican Friary, consisting of the church, 137 feet in length, and 23 in width, with a northern transept, in which is an aisle separated by four pointed arches, resting on massive round pillars : over the principal entrance is a very beautiful window, with an enriched architrave decorated with pinnacles. The windows in the choir and other parts are lancet-shaped, and much mutilated ; under an arch on the north side of the choir is a tomb with a mutilated effigy, said to be that of O'Conor, and on the base are four warlike figures in high relief, representing ancient gallowglasses. Fragments of sculptured stones are scattered over the whole area, which, notwithstanding the shallowness of the soil, is still used as a burialplace. The ruins of the Castle, on the north side of the town, have a grand and imposing appearance, as seen from various points of view ; they occupy a quadrangular area, 2*23 feet in length, and 173 feet in breadth. Each angle is defended by a round tower ; two similar towers project from the eastern side to defend the gateway entrance, and on the western side is a square gateway tower of smaller dimensions. The lower stories of the towers are strongly groined ; the upper are of more airy character, with spacious windows of handsome design, and appear to have been connected with a rectangular edifice in the inner court, which contained the state apartments. The whole is surrounded with outer walls, defended at the angles with low round towers. Two miles to the north-east of the towu are the remains of the abbey of Derlian or Derane, said to have been granted to a party of monks from the abbey of Roscommon by O'Conor, at an early period, but the date of its foundation is unknown : they occupy the summit of a barren hill, but present few interesting details, except the mutilated remains of a large window, which appears to have been very highly enriched ; adjoining is an extensive cemetery, still in use. Roscommon gives the title of Earl to the family of Dillon.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 262

59. Dominican Holy Cross monastery founded at Sligo, 1252

    Sligo · town · Sligo · 1252–1540

    In 1252 Maurice Fitzgerald founded a monastery dedicated to the Holy Cross for friars of the order of St. Dominick at Sligo. Some writers had erroneously attributed its origin to O Conor Sligo. The monastery flourished until the Dissolution, when it was granted to Sir William Taaffe.

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    miles (S. W.) from Ballyshannon, and 103| (N. W.) from Dublin ; containing 14,318 inhabitants, of whom I'^.'iT'i are in the town. This place, which is the chief town of the county, is indebted for its importance to one of the first English settlers in Ireland. So early as 1242 a castle was erected here by Maurice Fitzgerald, Earl of Kildare, and at that time lord justice of Ireland ; and the same earl, in 1252, founded a monastery dedicated to the Holy Cross, for friars of the order of St. Dominick, the origin of which establishment has by some writers been erroneously ascribed to O Conor Sligo. In 12/0 the town and castle were destroyed by O'Donell ; but the monastery escaped the ravages of that chieftain, and the castle was afterwards rebuilt by Richard, Earl of Ulster, in 1310. In 1360 the town was again destroyed by fire, and in 1394 was plundered and burnt by Mac William Burgh. In 1414 the monastery was w holly consumed by an accidental fire ; and for its restoration. Pope John XXII. granted indulgences to all who should visit it, and contribute towards the expense of rebuilding. In 1416 it was rebuilt by Bryan Mac Dermot Mac Donthaigh, or Mac Donagh ; and in 1454 Bryan Mac Donagh, sole monarch of Toroilill (now the barony of Tiraghrill), was interred within its walls. It continued to flourish till the Dissolution, when it was granted to Sir William Taaffe.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 292

60. Dominican monastery founded at Newtown-Ardes, 1244

    near Newtownards · town · Down · 1244

    Walter de Burgh, Earl of Ulster, founded a monastery in honour of St. Columb for Dominican friars at Newtown-Ardes in 1244. On its dissolution the site was granted to Lord Clandeboy and assigned to Viscount Montgomery of the Ardes; no vestiges of the building remain.

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    NEWTOWN-ARDES, a market and post towu (formerly a parliamentary borough), a parish, and the head of a union, partly in the barony of Lower Castlereagh, but chiefly in that of Ardes, county of Down, and province of Ulster, 8 miles (E.) from Belfast, and 88 (N. E.) from Dublin, on the coach-road from Donaghadee to Belfast ; containing, in 1841, 13,886 inhabitants, of whom 7621 were in the town. This place has been celebrated from a very early period for the number of religious foundations in its immediate neighbourhood. In 1244, Walter de Burgh, Earl of Ulster, founded a monastery here, in honour of St. Columb, for Dominican friars, which on its dissolution was granted to Lord Clandeboy, by whom it was assigned to Viscount Montgomery of the Ardes ; no vestiges, however, of the building can be traced. On the north side of the town was the cell of Kiltonga, which has been supposed to have originally given name to the parish ; and within five miles were the abbeys of Bangor, Hollywood, Moville, Grey Abbey, Cumber, and the Black Priory. James I., after the forfeiture of the surrounding territory by Con O'Nial's rebellion, granted several of the sites and possessions of the neighbouring monasteries to Sir James Hamilton and Sir Hugh Montgomery, from whom they passed to the Mount- Alexander family, and from them, by exchange, into the family of the Marquess of Londonderry. The inhabitants received a charter from James I., in 16 13, incorporating them under the designation of the " Provost, Free Burgesses, and Commonalty of the Borough of Newtowne."

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 213