A topographical dictionary of Ireland : comprising the several counties; cities; boroughs; corporate, market and post towns; parishes; and villages, with historical and statistical descriptions embellished with engravings of the arms of the cities, bishopricks, corporate towns, and boroughs ; and of the seals of the several municipal corporations .. (vol. 2)

Each story keeps the passage it was read from. Open one to read it as the scan has it, and, where the companion has written its own telling, that too. The passages are read off photographs of the page by machine, so a word here and there comes out wrong; they are kept as the reading produced them, so you can check any of them against the scan.

1. Dungloe castle ruins and Spanish Armada cannon

   Dunglow · town · Donegal

   The ruins of the ancient castle of Dungloe stand in the parish, and near it several brass cannon bearing the Spanish arms have been brought up from the sea, said to have belonged to the Armada. Dungloe also serves as the location for petty-sessions and a constabulary police station.

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   is bounded on the north by the Gwidorc or Gwcedorc river; it comprises 5'2,9'21 statute acres, of which QHg^ arc in the tideway of the Gwidore, and '2H96 in lakes. Within its hmits is the greater part of the district called " the Rosses," consisting of a dreary wilderness of rugged mountain wastes and heaths, broken on the west into abrupt rocky heights, and including many islands separated by inlets of the sea. Some of these islands are thinly covered on the summits with moss and heath, and a few present specimens of verdure produced by cultivation ; Arranmore, the largest, forms a shelter for the rest, and a barrier against the western ocean. On the shores of Cruit grows a kind of long and broadleaved grass having a saline taste, which the cattle readily feed on at ebb-tide. The district is unfavourable either for grazing or tillage ; the produce raised is inconsiderable, and there is often a scarcity of food. Throughout the parish, agriculture is in a very backward condition, the greater portion of the land consisting of sands, mountain rocks, and bog : the mountain of Crovehy rises 1033 feet above the level of the sea. Indications of iron-ore may be observed in the precipitous face of the mountains. Petty-sessions are held at Dungloe, at which place is a constabulary police station. The LIVING is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of Raphoe, and in the patronage of the Marquess Conyngham ; the tithe rent-charge is £1/6. 5. The glebehouse was erected by aid of £100, iu 1/63, from the late Board of First Fruits; the glebe comprises S15 acres, valued at £152. 16. per annum. The church is a small plain building, erected in 1760 by aid of £400 from the Board. In the Roman Catholic divisions this parish is partly in the district of Lettcrmacward, and partly a district in itself: it contains three good, plain, slated chapels ; one of them at Dungloe, belonging to Lettcrmacward ; the others in Arranmore and Kincaslagh, belonging to Templecroan. A dispensary is supported at Dungloe. Here are the ruins of the ancient castle of Dungloe, near which have been brought up out of the sea several brass cannon bearing the Spanish arms, said to have belonged to the Armada.

   Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 322

2. Dunisky church ruins near Kilmichael boundary in Kilmurry parish

   Dunisky · townland · Cork

   Near the boundary of Kilmichael parish in Kilmurry, Cork, stand the ruins of Dunisky church. The old church remains are also located near the village of Kilmurry.

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   KILMURRY, a parish, in the union of Macroom, partly in the barony of East Muskerry, but chiefly in the barony of West Muskerry, county of Cork, and province of Munster, 6 miles (S. S. E.) from Macroom, on the road to Bandon ; containing 3742 inhabitants. The parish comprises 9109 statute acres. Its surface is undulating, and its substratum slate : the soil is generally cold and badly cultivated, except on the demesne farm of Sir Augustus Warren, Bart., of Warren's Court, a large and handsome house in an extensive and well-planted demesne, in which are the ruins of the old church of Kilbarry or Macloneigh. The other seats are Ballytrasua, Shandangan, Greenville, and Elmville. At the village is a constabulary police station ; and fairs are held on Feb. 1st, May 1st, Sept. 8th, Nov. 1st, and Dec. 21st, principally for horned cattle and pigs. The parish is an impropriate cure, in the diocese of Cork j the rectory is impropriate in the Duke of Devonshire, who pays a curate £100 per annum for performing the parochial duties. The tithes of the parish, under the Composition act, amount to £"50, but they have not been paid for fifty years. A church is about to be built by a grant from the Ecclesiastical Commissioners and by subscription. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish forms part of the district of Kilmichael, and has a small chapel in the village. Here is the shattered ruin of the ancient castle of Clodagh, budt by M'^Carty More ; the remains of the old church are near the village ; and near the boundary of Kilmichael parish are the ruins of Dunisky church.

   Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 48

3. Dunkellin Castle ruins and Clanricarde barony title

   Dunkellin · townland · Galway

   The castle of Dunkellin, now in ruins, is the property of the Marquess of Clanricarde and gives the inferior title of Baron to that nobleman. It is located in the parish of Stradbally, barony of Dunkellin, County Galway.

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   deaconry ; the vicarage forms part of the union of Kilcolgan. The tithe rent-charge is £86. 1'2. 6., of which £'21. 12. 9- are payable to the Ecclesiastical Commissioners, £41. 7. to the archdeacon, and the remainder to the vicar. The Roman Catholic parish, sometimes called Kilcornan and Claran-Bridge, is coextensive with that of the Established Church, and has two chapels. The old chapel is in a retired situation ; a stone over the entrance bears the date 1763 : the modern chapel at Claran-Bridge, a plain slated building, was erected by the late C. and T. Redington, Esqrs., father and grandfather of the present proprietor of Kilcornan. A monastery near the village was also built by the same gentleman, and has been endowed with seven acres of land, on condition that the tenantry on the Kilcornan estate be educated gratuitously at the school attached to the establishment. A building for an institution of the religious sisters of charity was lately erected by Mrs. Redington, widow of the late Mr. Redington, on a piece of ground given by the present proprietor on similar conditions to the former : that lady contributes £25 per annum, and supplies books and other requisites, to a female school. Near Lavally is the holy well of Tubberbracken, "the Well of the Trout," not much frequented at present. Not far from Kilcornan, in the townland of Tarmon, and on the estate of Mr. Redington, are the ruins of an old church, in a cemetery now not used from a superstitious notion of the peasantry. The castle of Dunkellin, now in ruins, the property of the Marquess of Clanricarde, gives the inferior title of Baron to that nobleman.

   Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 300

4. Dunkerron barony formerly O'Sullivan's Country

   Dunkerron · townland · Kerry · 1169–1170

   On the arrival of the English, the O'Sullivans occupied the southern portion of Kerry, and the district now known as Dunkerron barony was called O'Sullivan's Country. The O'Donoghoes, distinguished into septs of More and Ross, and the OMahonies also held lands in the south.

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   On the arrival of the English, the O'Connors were in possession of the northern part j the middle parts were in the possession of the Moriarfys. The southern portion was occupied by the O'Sullivans, from whom the district now named Dunkerron barony was called O'Sullivan's Country ; also by the O'Donoghoes, distinguished into the septs of O'Donoghoe More and O'Donoghoe Ross; and by the OMahonies. The M'^Carties, who had been the most powerful sept in the south of Ireland before the landing of the English, were subdued by the invaders, and their chief took refuge in the fastnesses of Kerry, where he was afterwards compelled to have recourse to the aid of Raymond le Gros to put down a rebellion of his own son, in recompense for which service he gave up the northern district, then called Lixnaw. Raymond here settled his son Maurice, who gave its present name to this part of the county, which was thenceforward called Clan-Maurice, in the same manner as the family bear to the present day the name of Fitzmauricc. The ancestor of the earls of Desmond, John Fitz-Thomas, also, soon after the arrival of Henry II. acquired large possessions in Kerry and the contiguous districts, including the country of Desmond, by marriage with the daughter of Thomas Fitz- Anthony, another Anglo-Norman leader ; and these were augmented by Prince John, in 1199- Henceforward, the family of Fitz -Gerald exercised a predominant authority in this quarter of the kingdom. The county was made shire ground, with its present limits, by King John, in 1210. Desmond was included with the Decies in the confirmatory grant made, in 1260, by Prince Edward to Lord John Fitz-Thomas ; but in the following year this family received from the native sept of the M'^Carties a complete overthrow in Glanerougbt, in this county, from which they did not recover for twelve years, when quarrels among the native chiefs again admitted the rise of their power. Lord Thomas, towards the close of the thirteenth century, sat in parliament as Lord Offaly, and claimed under the grant of Edward I., to be the king's sheriff of Kerry. In these early ages, therefore, the districts forming the present county were subject to the power of three great families, the Fitz-Geralds, lords of Desmond ; the Fitz-Maurices, lords of Kerry in the north ; and the M'^Carties, tanists of the elevated central and southern regions.

   Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 6

5. Dunkerron Castle, chief seat of the O'Sullivan Mores

   Dunkerron · townland · Kerry

   Near the shore of Kenmare bay stand the ruins of the ancient castle of Dunkerron, once the chief seat of the O'Sullivan Mores, which gave its name to the barony. The castle is traditionally said to have been defended against Cromwell's forces.

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   TEMPLENEIRY.— See Bansha. TEMPLENOE, or New Church, a parish, in tlie union of Kenmare, barony of Dunkerron, county of Kerry, and province of Munster, 5 miles (W. .S. W.) from Kenmare, on the road to Sneem ; containing 41S9 inhabitants. It is situated on the northern shore of the estuary or bay of Kenmare, from which it extends towards the base of the mountains of Mangerton and Mac Gillicuddy's Reeks ; and is bounded on the east by the river Finihy, and on the west by the Blackwater, both flowing into Kenmare bay. Near the shore are the ruins of the ancient castle of Dunkerron (once the chief seat of the O'Sullivan Mores), which gives name to the barony, and also to the manor into which the possessions of the Earl of Shelburne were erected by patent in 1721, on the petition of that nobleman, for the purpose of establishing a legal course of justice in this part of the country, which, he declared, on account of its remoteness had never before existed. The patent gave to the carl and his heirs courts baron, with special power to take cognizance and hold pleas in all actions for debt, trespass, &c., not exceeding £20: the jurisdiction of this court, which is generally held every third week at Kenmare, extends over parts of the baronies of Dunkerron, Iveragh, and Glanerough.

   Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 325

6. Dunleary harbour construction prompted by 1807 shipwrecks

   near Dún Laoghaire · town · Dublin · 1807–1816

   The loss of His Majesty's packet The Prince of Wales and the Rochdale transport between Dublin and Dunleary on 17 November 1807, when 380 persons perished, prompted fresh efforts to build an asylum harbour. After petitions and surveys, an act was passed in 1815 and construction commenced in 1816 under the direction of Mr. Rennie.

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   bar of moveable sand which obstructed the entrance into the harbour and rendered the western passage to the port impracticable during certain periods of the tide ; and from the vast rocks that project along the eastern shore to the small town of Dunleary. The frequent wrecks that occurred, and the great loss of life and property, had powerfully shown the want of an asylum harbour for the protection of vessels during adverse winds ; and application from the Dublin merchants had been made to Captain Toucher, a gentleman of considerable nautical skill and experience, who resided among them, to select a proper station for that purpose. The loss of His Majesty's packet, The Prince of Wales, and of the Rochdale transport, between Dublin and Dunleary, on the 17th Nov., 1807, when 380 persons perished, prompted fresh efforts to obtain this desirable object ; and the merchants of Dublin and the Rathdown Association again applied to Captain Toucher, who selected the port of Dunleary as the fittest for the purpose, from its commanding a sufficient depth of water, soundness of bottom, and other requisites for the anchorage of large vessels. But nothing further was done at that time. A petition, however, signed by all the magistrates ^nd gentry on the southern shore of the bay, was, in I8O9, presented to the Duke of Richmond, then lordlieutenant ; and a small pier, 500 feet in length, was constructed to the east of the Chicken rocks, which, though accessible only at particular periods of the tide, contributed much to the preservation of life and property. The great want still felt of accommodation for the port of Dublin and the channel trade, induced the citizens to make further efforts to obtain the sanction of the legislature for the construction of an asylum harbour more adequate to the safety of vessels frequenting the Irish Channel, and bound to other ports ; and in 1815 an act was passed for "the erection of an asylum harbour and place of refuge at Dunleary." Commissioners were appointed to carry the provisions of this act into effect, in which they were greatly assisted by the exertions of Captain Toucher ; surveys were made, and the works were commenced in 1816, under the direction and after the design of the late Mr. Rennie.

   Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 58

7. Dunloe Castle built by O'Sullivan More

   Dunloe Castle · castle · Kerry

   Dunloe Castle was built by the O'Sullivan More and occupied by his descendant when it was bombarded by General Ireton during the parliamentary war. It stands about a mile from the Lower Lake of Killarney on a steep bank above the river Laune in a thickly wooded demesne.

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   The lands under cultivation are chiefly in tillage, but a very large portion of the parish is mountain pasture ; the soil is light and gravelly, and interspersed with tracts of bog. The system of agriculture is gradually improving : at Manus is a limestone-quarry, which is extensively worked, chiefly for agricultural purposes ; at Glencare is a small slate-quarry, and slate is also found in the Gap of Dunloe. Dunloe Castle, formerly the residence of the O'SuUivan family, was built by the O'Sullivan More, by whose descendant it was occupied at the time of its bombardment by General Ireton during the parliamentary war : it is situated about a mile from the Lower Lake of Killarney, on a steep bank rising from the river Laune, and in the midst of a thickly wooded demesne, and commands a fine view of the Lower Lake, and of the scenery of the Gap, with the M'^Gillycuddy mountains. The other seats are, Beaufort House, built on the site of Short Castle ; Whitefield, the residence of M'^Gillicuddy of the Reeks ; Churchtown, of Sir A. Blennerhasset ; Cullina ; and Glencare. There are also several sporting-lodges near Lough Cara, the beauty of which has been much in- 199

   Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 60

8. Dunmanus Bay anchorage and islands

   near Dunmanus Bay · bay · Cork

   Dunmanus Bay bounds Kilmoe parish on the north-west and has deep water and good anchorage almost as far up as Mannin Island, though it is greatly exposed to westerly winds. The bay contains several islands including Owen, Horse, Colt, Lamb, Bird, Furze, and Carbery Islands.

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   KILMOE, a parish, in the union of Skibbereen, Western division of the barony of West C.irbery, county of Cork, and province of Munster; containing, with the villages of Rock Island and Crookhaven (both of which are described under their respective heads), 7'234 inhabitants. It forms a peninsula on the southern coast, bounded by Dunmanus bay and Crookhaven j and comprises 13,994 statute acres. About one-third of the land is under tillage, chiefly by spade husbandry, and the remainder is bog and mountain land, but the bases of the mountains afiford good pasturage ; the highest mountain is Cahir, near ^lizen Head. The scenery is very bold and interesting. The mountains are of schistose formation, based on argillaceous grit, with veins of quartz intermingled ; deposits of copper are found in various places, and masses of it are to be seen in the mountain streams, but no mines have been ojjened. There are several small lakes. On the western and southern boundaries are three remarkable headlands; namely, Three- Castle Head; Mizen Head, called by Ptolemy Xotiiim, or the South Promontory, it being the most south-western land in Ireland, in lat. 51° 26' 16", and Ion. 9' 50'; and Brow Head, also said to be the \oiium of Ptolemy. Dunmanus bay, which bounds the parish on the north-west, has deep water and good anchorage almost as far up as Mannin Island, but is greatly exposed to westerly winds, and is little frequented except by small vessels, which can ride in Dunmanus creek or above Mannin Island. Besides this island, there are in the bay, Owen, Horse, Colt, Lamb, Bird, Furze, and Carbery Islands, of which, the last is 144

   K I L— M O

   Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 46

9. Dunmore Cave: celebrated limestone cavern with stalactites and bones

   near Dunmore Cave · monument · Kilkenny

   The celebrated cave of Dunmore lies in Mothell parish, with several subterranean limestone apartments up to fifty feet high, adorned with stalactites. A stream runs through the cavern, near which many skulls and bones enveloped in calcareous spar have been found. Ruins of a castle, church, and a large rath with three ramparts stand in the vicinity.

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   MOTHELL, a parish, in the union of Kilkenny, partly in the barony of Gowran, but chiefly in the barony of Fassadining, county of KiLKENN,y, and province of Leixster, 4 miles (S. byW.) from Castlecomer ; on the road to Kilkenny, and on the river Dinin ; containing 2586 inhabitants. The parish comprises 7092 statute acres. The living is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of Ossory, episcopally united, from time immemorial, to the rectory of Kilmodumoge, and in the patronage of the Bishop ; the tithe rentcharge of Mothell is £278. 3. 5., and that of the whole union £396. 12. 5. The glebe-house was built by a gift of £100, and a loan of £550, from the Board of First Fruits, in 1807 ; the glebe comprises 34 acres. The church was built by aid of a gift of £500, in 1794, from the same Board, which also granted a loan of £200 for enlarging it, in 1814; and the Ecclesiastical Commissioners recently granted £345 for repairs. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish forms part of the district of Muckalee, and has a chapel at Lisnafunchin. The celebrated cave of Dunmore is in this parish : the entrance to it is on the slope of a gentle hill to the south of the church. It consists of several subterranean apartments, the first being of large dimensions and irregular shape, and fifty feet high ; a narrow passage thence diverges into another large room, from which winding passages lead into others. The whole IS in the limestone rock, the bold and mysterious masses of which, darkly shewn by the torches of the visiter, are adorned by a countless variety of stalactites formed by the water that constantly percolates through the roof. A stream of water runs through the cavern ; near which many skulls and bones enveloped in calcareous spar have been found. In the vicinity are the ruins of a castle and a church ; also of a very large rath, encompassed by three ramparts. 356

   Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 172

10. Dunmore Head and its native name

    Dunmore Head · promontory · Kerry

    Dunmore Head is the most western point of Ireland and forms the northern extremity of Dingle Bay. The local Irish name for the headland is Tig-vourney-Geeranc, or Mary Gerane's house.

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    calogue, and on its northern side, that of Sncem ; and along the northern shore is a succession of small islands, the principal of which are Rossmorc, Ilansherky, Cappanacoss, and Dunkerron. The next bay is that of Ballinaskellig, near the entrance of which are the Hog Islands ; and towards the west are the Skellig Islands, which, like the other principal islands here noticed, are described under a separate head. Beyond these lies Puffin Island (see Killemlagh), and beyond Puffin is Valencia Island, forming a harbour by the channel that separates it from the main land ; this harbour has an entrance at each end, and is considered one of the safest and most commodious on the western coast. Between Valencia Island and the Blas(|uets is Dingle bay, an extensive opening with steep shores on each side, in which a ship may anchor in any part above a mile from the shore ; it contains the harbours of Ventry, Dingle, and Castlcmaine. Dunmore Head, the most western point of Ireland, forms the northern extremity of Dingle bay ; the natives call it Tig-vourney-Geeranc, or Mary Gerane's house. Otf this headland are the Blasquet or Ferriter's Islands, between the largest of which and the main land is a deep sound with a rapid current. Beyond Dunmore Head is Smerwick bay, the whole of which was originally bog, now invaded by the sea. Pursuing eastward the north coast of the peninsula of Corkaguiuey, between Magharee Head and Brandon Head, lies Brandon bay, on the eastern side of the mountain of that name. The Magharees, or Seven Hog Islands, lie at the extremity of a peninsula which separates Brandon from Tralee bay. Between Fenit Island (behind which is the inlet called Barra harbour) and Kerry Head is Balhjheigne bay, in which there is no shelter ; and from an error in laying down the latitude of Loop Head in the charts, it has often been fatally mistaken for the mouth of the Shannon. The only harbour in Kerry within the Shannon is that of Tarbert : off its mouth is the island of the same name.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 9

11. Dunmore House, seat of R. M'Clintock, Killea

    Killea · parish · Donegal

    Dunmore House is noted as the seat of R. M'Clintock, Esq., within the parish of Killea in County Donegal. It is the principal gentleman's residence mentioned in the parish.

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    KILLEA, a parish, in the union of Londonderry, barony of Raphoe, county of Donegal, and province of Ulster, 4 miles (S. W.) from Londonderry, on the road from that place to LifTord, and on the railway to Enniskillen ; containing 959 inhabitants. According to the Ordnance survey, it comprises 1S69 statute acres, of which 179- are applotted under the Tithe act; SO acres are bog. Carrigans is a constabulary police station, and has a post under Londonderry. Dunmore House is the seat of R. M'^Clintock, Esq. The living is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of Raphoe, and in the patronage of the Bishop ; the tithe rent-charge is £1'27. 10. The church is a small plain building, erected in 1765 by subscription and parochial assessment, and for the repairs of which the Ecclesiastical Commissioners recently granted £'2/3. There is a glebe-house, with a glebe of 26 acres ; it was built in 1S18, by a gift of £400 and a loan of £350 from the Board of First Fruits. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish forms part of the district of Lagan.

    KILLEA, a parish, in the union of Thurles, barony of Ikerrin, county of Tipperary, and province of Munster, '2 miles (N. W. byX.) from Templemore, on the road to Dunkerrin ; containing 1526 inhabitants. This parish comprises 4773 statute acres, and is principally in pasture ; it contaius limestone and granite. Here is a constabulary police station. Killea is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of Cashel, forming part of the imion of Templemore : the tithe rent-charge is £166. 3., and the glebe comprises S^ acres. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish forms part of the district of Templemore, and has a chapel at Killea. About 1 1 0 children are educated in a school under the

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 38

12. Dunmore old burial-ground and religious ruins

    Dunmore · townland · Down

    At Dunmore in the Maghera Hamlet district, an old burial-ground with the remains of a religious building was noted.

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    MAGHERA-HAMLET, an ecclesiastical district, in the barony of Kinelarty, union of Downpatrick, county of Down, and province of Ulster, 3 miles (S.) from Ballinahinch, and on the road from Dundrum to Dromore. This district, formerly called Templemoile, is situated within a mile of the Ballinahinch baths, and comprises 1S44 statute acres; 753 are mountainous, and of the remainder, which is poor light land, a small portion is rocky pasture : the system of agriculture is improving. There are quarries of stone, which is raised chiefly for building and for the roads. Part of the Slieve-Croob mountain is within the district ; and in it is the source of the river Lagan, which, after flowing by Dromore and Lisburn, discharges itself into Belfast lough. The living is a perpetual curacy, in the diocese of Dromore, and at present in the patronage of the Prebendary of Dromaragh ; but on the removal or death of the prebendary the patronage will be in the bishop : the stipend arises from the tithe of 1200 acres applotted under the act, amounting to £56. 5., and an augmentation of £23. 2. from Primate Boulter's fund. The glebe-house, towards which the late Board of First Fruits gave £450 and granted a loan of £50, was built in 1S30; the glebe comprises 7 acres, bought by the same Board from Colonel Forde for £450, and subject to a rent of £7. 7. The church, which has a small square tower, is situated at the extremity of the district, with a view to accommodate the visiters of Ballinahinch spa ; it was erected at a cost of £500, wholly defrayed by the Board of First Fruits, in 1814, but is too small for the congregation. The Ecclesiastical Commissioners have recommended, on the next avoidance of the prebend of Dromaragh, that the townlands now forming the perpetual curacy be separated from the prebend, and formed into a distinct benefice. In the Roman Catholic divisions this is the head of a union, comprising also the parishes of MaghcradroU and Anahilt, and called sometimes the union of Dunmore ; in which are two chapels, one at Dunmore, in this district, and one at Ballinahinch, in that of Magheradroll. There is a place of worship for Presbyterians. In the townland of Drumkeera is an extensive deer-park, the property of Colonel Forde, encompassed by a wall. At Dunmore is an old burial-ground, with the remains of a religious building.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 129

13. Dun of Clopoke, O'Mores' fort

    Clopook · townland · Laois

    Four miles south of Stradbally is the Dun of Clopoke, an isolated rock with various singular cavities and a level summit formerly encompassed with a rampart of stone. It was a fort of the O'Mores, with a steep and rugged ascent.

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    sides were killed. Near the town are the ruins of an old church, the walls of which are about six feet thick and of considerable height : under one end is the mausoleum of the Cosby family. Four miles to the south is the Dun of Clopoke, an isolated rock, in which are various singular cavities : it has a level summit, formerly encompassed with a rampart of stone, and was a fort of the O'Mores ; the ascent is steep and rugged. It is now remarkable only for the romantic views which it commands along the range of hills in its vicinity and the rich pastures of Timogue.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 301

14. Dunshaughlin potters' clay vein

    Dunshaughlin · town · Meath

    A vein of potters' clay of superior quality was identified at Dunshaughlin, providing material for ceramic production in the county.

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    part of the county except the west, and from the number of timber-trees planted as hedge-rows, the country in general has a very furnished appearance, much resembling the county of Worcester or Hereford in England. Oak timber is scarce ; but beech, elm, ash, poplar, sycamore, and alder are so abundant that, after supplying the local demand, much is sent to other counties : there are several nurseries of considerable extent, and many osieries of from two to ten acres each, the produce of which is mostly worked at home, and the remainder bought by the Dublin basket-makers. The quantity of waste and unprofitable ground in the county is extremely small. Commons are in general attached to the corporate towns for the use of the inhabitants. In consequence of the small quantity of bog compared with the extent and population of the county, fuel is extremely scarce, and the poor suffer much from the want of it. Some large proprietors, in order to relieve their tenants, and to prevent depredations upon their fences and plantations, are particularly careful to have their ditches sown with French furze. The deficiency of fuel is also supplied by the importation of coal, chiefly from Drogheda, by the Boyne navigation. In the neighbourhood of that town, and along the line of navigation, the labourer often stipulates for a ton of coal in part payment ; and, when near bogs, the turf is sometimes drawn home for him by his employer. Geologically, the county forms part of the great limestone field of Ireland, that mineral constituting its general substratum, except in its northern part, where the clay-slate formation is found ; in the western, where basalt is found mixed with the clay-slate, in some places rising in bare rocks, in others scattered over the surface in detached masses ; and on the line of sea-coast, which is formed of transition rock. At Ardbraccan the limestone is of a fine white grain, capable of being worked into any form. The beds lie horizontally, and are of considerable thickness ; the stone is susceptible of a high polish, assuming a grey tinge when finished, though appearing white under the chisel : tombstones and doorcases made of it are sent to a great distance. The seam of rock extends to the Blackwater, but the quarries opened in other parts do not afford blocks of such scantling as at Ardbraccan. The works are also much impeded by the difficulty of keeping the quarries free from water. In Slane barony is a fine quarry of vitrescent stone, which makes excellent flagstones, but does not take a high polish. It has been conjectured that coal exists in the same barony, in consequence Of the appearances that exhibit themselves where the edges of mineral strata are laid open by the washing away of the surface soil ; but the position of the layers presents an obstacle that has hitherto prevented the search from being prosecuted with any prospect of success. A vein of copper has been found near the banks of the Boyne, the analysis of which gave 21 parts of copper from 120 of ore ; but from the difficulty of keeping the workings clear of water, it has not been profitably explored. At Knock, in Morgallion barony, is an argillaceous clay containing a portion of iron, and adapted for the coarser kinds of earthenware ; and there is a vein of potters'- clay, of superior quality, at Dunshaughlm. Petrifactions are found in the caverns and fissures of the limestone districts, and some very brilliant spars and crystals in the Nanny water, particularly near the Diamond rock.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 149

15. Dunsoghly Castle ruins described

    Dunsoghly · townland · Dublin

    The ruins of Dunsoghly Castle, about a mile from St. Margaret's village in Dublin, consist of a vaulted tower still roofed with three stories, plus remains of a hall and kitchens. The principal floor room is in tolerable repair and the view from the top is very extensive.

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    MARGARET'S, ST., a parish, in the union of North Dublin, barony of Coolock, county of Dublin, and province of Leinstek, 5| miles (N.) from Dublin, on the old road to Naul, and about a mile from the coach-road from Dublin to Ashbourne ; containing 401 inhabitants, of whom about 100 are in the village. A fair is held on July 30th and 31st for the sale of horses and cattle. The principal seats are Dunbroe House, Newtown, Newtown House, Harristown House, Ilarristown, Kingstown House, and Barberstown House. In ecclesiastical arrangements it is a chapelry, in the diocese of Dublin, forming part of the benefice of Finglas and the corps of the chancellorship of St. Patrick's, Dublin : the tithe is included in the amount for Finglas. The church is in ruins ; over the door of a small adjoining chapel, is a Latin inscription purporting that it was built by Sir John Plunkett, formerly chief justice of the king's bench in Ireland. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish forms part of the district of Finglas, and has a neat chapel in the village, in which is also a national school. About a mile distant are the ruins of Dunsoghly Castle, consisting of a tower, still roofed, and the remains of a large hall or dining-room, and kitchens : the tower is vaulted at the bottom, and had three stories; the floors of the two upper stories have fallen in, but the room of the principal floor is in tolerable repair : the view from the top is very extensive. The ancient family of Plunkett originally owned this property, which now belongs to Mrs. Cavenagh, who inherits it through her grandfather. Adjoining the ruins are the remains of a private chapel, over the doorway of which is a tablet of freestone, exhibiting the emblems of the Crucifi.xion, in high relief, with the letters and date i. p. m. o. 6. s. 1573 at the bottom. Mr. B. Shew, of Newtown House, on planting an elevated spot in his grounds, a few years since, discovered a great quantity of human bones, supposed to be some of those who fell in the various skirmishes which at different periods have taken place in Vol. II.— 305

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 137

16. Durlas-O'Fogarty: 10th-century battle of Danes and Irish

    Thurles · town · Tipperary · 900–999

    Thurles, originally called Durlas-O'Fogarty, was the scene of a memorable battle in the 10th century between the Danes and the native Irish, in which the Danes suffered a signal defeat. The place is described as being of great antiquity.

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    TIIURLES, a market and post town, a parish, and the head of a union, in the barony of Eliogakty, county of TippERARY, and province of Munstkr, 24|- miles (N.) from Clonmel, and ~'i (S. W.) from Dublin, on the road from Cashel to Templemore ; containing 10,'284 inhabitants, of whom "523 are in the town. This place, originally called Durlas-O'Fogarty, is of great antiquity, and in the 10th century was the scene of a memorable battle between the Danes and the native Irish, in which the former suffered a signal defeat. Soon after the English invasion, the Ostmen of Dublin, on their march to reinforce Strongbow, who was then encamped at Cashel, halted at this place in careless security, when O'Brien of Thomond suddenly attacked and defeated them, with the loss of 400 of their men and their four principal commanders. O'Brien soon afterwards encountered the English borderers, who were extending their power in this direction ; and, meeting with them at this place, compelled them to retreat. A castle appears to have been erected here at an early period, and in 1'208 was besieged by Hugh de Lacy and taken from Geoffrey Mac Morris, by whom it was then occupied. In 1300 a monastery for Carmelites or 'White friars was founded by one of the Butler family, which at the Dissolution was granted, with all its dependencies, to Thomas, Earl of Ormonde. A preceptory of Knights Templars is said to have been also founded here, of which probably the castle before mentioned may have been a part; but no authentic record exists of such an establishment. The principal castle was erected by James Butler, the first Lord Palatine of Tipperary, one of whose descendants was, in 1535, created Viscount Thurles : this castle, during the parliamentary war, was garrisoned for the king, but was afterwards taken by the parliamentarian forces, by whom it was demolished.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 332

17. Dursey Island's dangerous tidal channel

    near Dursey Island · townland · Cork

    Dursey Island is separated from the mainland coast by a deep and dangerous channel about 50 yards wide, through which the tide runs with great rapidity. The island lies at the southwestern extremity of Kilnamannagh parish between Bantry and Ballydonagan bays.

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    KILNAMANNAGH, or Kii.mannacii, a parish, in the union of Bantry, barony of Bere, county of Cork, and province of Munster, 4 miles (S. \V.) from Castletown ; containing 6061 inhabitants. This parish is situated on the south-western coast, forming a peninsula between the bays of Bantry and Ballydonagan, and comprises 13,809 statute acres. Of these, 3126 are arable, and the remainder pasture, bog, and mountain ; the arable land is tolerably fertile, and is chiefly cultivated by the spade, and manured with sea-weed and sand. The mountains consist of slate, of which there are excellent quarries at Lickbarren, but imperfectly worked. The greatest copper-mines in Ireland are situated in this parish, at AUihais; they have been extensively and constantly worked since 1813, and now produce from 6000 to 7000 tons annually of good ore, valued at £9 per ton. The works are carried on both by steam and water, and employ from 1200 to 1500 men; the ore is conveyed by hookers for shipment to Swansea. There are mills at Ballydonagan for crushing the ore, and numerous houses and cottages for the persons employed have been built ; a new road from Castletown to the mines has been opened, and other improvements are contemplated. Asbestos is found at Kenlogh, and near Blackball. At the south-western extremity of the parish is Crow Head, in lat. 51° 34' 20" and Ion. 10° 11' 40" : on Blackball Head is a signal station ; and between it and Sheep Head is the entrance to Bantry bay. Dursey Island is separated from the coast by a deep and dangerous channel, about 50 yards wide, through which the tide runs with great rapidity. There is a coast-guard station at Garinish Point, one of the three stations in the Castletown district. The parish is a vicarage, in the diocese of Ross, forming part of the union of Kilaconenagh ; the rectory is partly impropriate in Lord Riversdale, and partly appropriate to the vicarage, and the tithe rent-charge is £208. 19., of which £97- 10. are payable to the impropriator, and the remainder to the vicar. In the Roman Catholic divisions Kilnaniannagh is in the diocese of Kerry, and is the head of a district, called Castletown, comprising this parish and Kilaconenagh ; there is a chapel at Cahirmore. The church is a picturesque ruin.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 49

18. Dysart Castle, reputed birthplace of Bishop Berkeley

    Dysart · townland · Kilkenny · 1684

    The ruins of Dysart Castle on the river below Thomastown are said to have been the birthplace of Berkeley, the learned bishop of Clogher, who was born in 1684.

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    The parish comprises 2042 statute acres ; the land is of good quality, and in a state of profitable cultivation. Limestone abounds, and there is an extensive quarry near the town : in the lower part of the sandstone-hills is found a kind of stone inclining to jasper ; and not far from the town is a quarry of light-coloured compact silicious schistus, which is raised in large flags for building. The principal seats are, Danj:an Lodge, a handsome modern house situated in tastefully disposed grounds ; Coolmore ; and Flood Hall, the residence of the Flood family. The living is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of Ossory, united by act of council in 1803 to the rectories and vicarages of Colunibkill and Famagh-Church, and in the patronage of the Bishop; the tithe rent-charge of the parish is £1S6. The glebe-house, towards the erection of which the late Board of First Fruits contributed £100 and a loan of £650, in 1806, is a neat building about a quarter of a mile from the church; the glebe comprises 1*^ acres, and the gross value of the whole benefice, before the passing of the Rent-charge act, was £526 per annum. The church is a neat structure ; the late Board granted a loan of £1266 for its erection in 1817, and the Ecclesiastical Commissioners recently granted £129 for its repair. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish is the head of a district, comprising also the parishes of Church-Jerpoint, West-Jerpoint, Columbkill, Kilfane, TuUowherin, and Killarney, in which union are four chapels ; the chapel in the town is a handsome edifice with a spire, and contains the great marble altar removed from the ruins of Jerpoint Abbey. In the vicinity of the town are the remains of Grenan Castle ; and on the river a little below the town, are those of Dysett Castle, said to have been the birth-place of Berkeley, the learned bishop of Clogher, who was born in 16h4. Lagan Castle, near the town, was the residence of the last abbot of Jerpoint. "There are some remains of the Dominican abbey of Thomastown, the foundation of which and its subsequent history are not recorded ; they consist chiefly of the wall of one of the aisles, in which are five pointed arches and some windows of elegant design : there are numerous sepulchral monuments among these ruins, but the most ancient are greatly mutilated, and no inscriptions are legible ; the most remarkable has a recumbent figure of a man of gigantic stature.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 331

19. Eagle cliff and O'Sullivan traditions near Bantry

    near Bantry Bay · bay · Cork

    A precipitous cliff behind the Sugar Loaf and Ghoal mountains along Bantry Bay has for many generations been the resort of eagles, and the peasantry have traditions connecting it with the O'Sullivans, ancient chieftains of Bere.

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    KILMACOMOGUE, a parish, in the union of Bantry, partly in the Western division of the barony of East Carbery, and partly in the Eastern division of that of West Carbery, but chiefly in the barony of Bantry, county of Cork, and province of Munster ; containing, with the post-town of Bantry and the island ofWhiddy, 16,1SS inhabitants. This parish, which is situated at the extremity of Bantry bay, comprises 64,56s statute acres. Very great improvements have been made in agriculture since 1815, and a large portion of land has been brought into profitable cultivation. The principal manure is the calcareous deposit found in abundance on the shores of the bay, and which in some places is so mixed with coral sand as to be quite as effective as pure lime in fertilising the soil : sea-weed is also used. There are, however, still more than '20,000 acres of waste land, the greater portion of which is mountainous, in some places quite barren, and in others affording pasturage for young cattle, of which vast herds are reared ; there are also about 15,000 acres of bog and marshy ground, much of which is capable of being reclaimed. The surrounding scenery is strikingly varied, and in some parts characterised by features of majestic grandeur. Gle/igarijT, partly in this parish, and within 10 miles of Bantry, is much resorted to for the singular variety and indescribable beauty of its scenery. It is situated on the picturesque bay to which it gives name, at the north-eastern extremity of Bantry bay ; and derives its name, signifying the " rough glen," from its wild and rugged aspect in the midst of rocks, cliffs, and mountains thrown together in the greatest confusion, and finely contrasted with the richness of luxuriant woods and verdant meadows, shaded w ith thriving plantations intermixed with evergeens and flowering shrubs. The Bay of liantnj, from many points of view, has the appearance of a fine lake, and is studded with numerous rocky islets fringed with evergreens ; of these, the island of Whiddy is the largest, and is crowned with a small fort mounting five pieces of cannon, erected by government after the attempt of the French in 1796. Along the north-western shore rises the Sugar Loaf mountain, supported by the smaller mountains called the Ghoal : the sides of these mountains, dark and deeply indented, are in fine contrast with the bright and smooth surface of the bay ; and their summits, frequently concealed by flying clouds and quickly emerging into the sun's rays, present an ever-changing scene. Far behind is a precipitous cliff, which for many generations has been the resort of eagles, and concerning which the peasantry have many interesting traditions, in connexion with the O'Sullivaus, the ancient chieftains of Bere.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 43

20. Eagle Island lighthouses built by Ballast Corporation

    near Eagle Island · townland · Mayo

    Two lighthouses were erected on Eagle Island by the Ballast Corporation of Dublin under government direction, at a cost of £30,000. Stone was partly brought from Kingstown and partly quarried on the island; the buildings include dwellings for light-keepers.

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    The parish is washed by the Atlantic on every side except the east, where it is separated from the main land by Blacksod bay, and on the north-east, where it is bounded by Broad haven ; the isthmus between these bays, which is not more than 200 yards in breadth, can be approached only through a tract of wild mountainous country. On the western side of the peninsula are numerous rocky islets, the two largest of which are North and South Inniskea ; and off the .north-western extremity, about four miles from Erris Head and I5 from Scotch Port, the nearest harbour for boats, is Eagle IsUind, a sharp rocky height comprising about 1.5 acres, of which 12 are covered with rich grass and three are barren and rugged rock. On this island the Ballast Corporation of Dublin, under the direction of government, some j'ears ago erected two lighthouses, at an expense of £30,000, both displaying bright and steady lights visible at a great distance. The stone of which they are built was partly brought from Kingstown, near Dublin, and partly quarried on the island ; the buildings contain convenient dwellings for the light-keepers. Between Blacksod Point, at the southern extremity of the peninsula, and Saddle Head on the island of Achill, in the parish of Achill, is the entrance to Blacksod Bay; and to the eastward are the entrances to the bays of Tulloghan and BuUane. Blacksod harbour is very spacious, and much to seaward, extending boldly into the Atlantic ; and within it, works to any extent might be constructed for the security of vessels taking shelter : it is separated, as already observed, only by a narrow isthmus from the harbour of Broadhaven. The best anchorage is on the west side of the bay, about 5 of a mile from Barnach Isle, in from 4i to 5 fathoms of water; but vessels not drawing more than 10 feet of water may ride farther up in from 2 to 2^ fathoms. The anchorage on the north side of the peninsula of Cleggan, though less exposed than in the open bay, is very indifferent ; vessels drawing 10 or 12 feet must go up at half tide, as there are only nine feet off the western side of Cleggan at low water ; the rocks at the north side of the anchorage are dry at half ebb. From the peculiar situation of the harbour and the abundance of fine granite fit for engineering purposes which the immediate neighbourhood affords, this might be rendered a highly advantageous station for steam communication with North America. Within the bay are several subordinate harbours, including Saleen and Tarmon. A pier has been built at Saleen or Binghamstown, whicli affords great convenience for s'.iipping the agricultural produce, for which merchandise is brought back in exchange ; and a small expenditure in completing the 152

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 48

21. Eagle Island's twin lighthouses

    near Eagle Island · townland · Mayo · 1836

    Eagle Island, situated off the Mullet peninsula and about a league south-west from Erris Head, has two lofty lighthouses erected in 1836. The island lies off the coast among numerous inhabited islands.

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    of the Atlantic. The southern 'horn of this bay is Bui Naha, or the Yellow head ; whence the shore is wild and uninteresting, until it reaches Killery Bay. This bay, which separates the counties of Mayo and Galway, penetrates eleven miles into the interior between steep and lofty mountains, and is uniformly about half a mile in breadth, being throughout an excellent harbour for large ships, though occasionally subject to squalls from the hills. Off the coast of the county are numerous Islands, the most remarkable of which, exclusively of those in Clew bay, are Achill and Achillbeg, Clare, Caher, Innisbofin, Jnnishark, Innisturk, Darilau or O'Darilan, O.v, Inniskeamore, Inniskeabeg, Cahir, Innisdallow, Ballybeg, Innisgort, Innisbeg, Innistegil, Annagh, Barnach, Inniskeragh, Eagle Island, and Innisglore. Many of them are large, and thickly inhabited. Eagle Island, situated off the Mullet, and about one league south-west from Erris, or Urres Hea, has two lofty lighthouses, erected in 1S36.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 146

22. Earldom of Mountrath created at the Restoration

    Mountrath · town · Laois · 1660–1802

    Sir Charles Coote's son Charles regained the castle and estate of Mountrath after the Civil War and was created Earl of Mountrath at the Restoration. The title became extinct on the death of the seventh earl in 1802.

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    MOUNTRATH, a market and post town, in the union of Mount-Mellick, parish of Clonenagh, barony of Maryborough West, Queen's county, and province of Leinster, 6i miles (W. S. W.) from Maryborough, on the road to Roscrea, and 47? (S. W.) from Dublin ; containing 3000 inhabitants. This place, called also Moynrath, or the " Fort in the bog," became, in the beginning of the 17th century, the property of Sir Charles Coote, who, although the surrounding country was then in a wild state and overspread with woods, laid the foundation of the present town. In 1628, he obtained for the inhabitants a grant of two weekly markets and two fairs, and established a very extensive linen and fustian manufactory, which in the war of 1641, together with much of his other property here, was destroyed. His son Charles regciined the castle and estate of Mountrath, with other large possessions ; and at the Restoration was created Earl of Mountrath, which title, on the decease of Charles Henry, the seventh earl, in 1802, became extinct. The present possessor is Sir Charles Henry Coote, premier baronet of Ireland.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 173

23. Earl of Abercorn's castle and plantation town at Strabane

    near Strabane · town · Tyrone · 1611–1619

    James I granted the surrounding district of Strabane to the Earl of Abercorn in 1611. By 1619 Abercorn had erected a strong castle and built a town of 80 houses, settling 120 families mustering 200 armed men, and obtained a charter of incorporation in 1612.

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    STRABANE, a market and post town (formerly a parliamentary borough), and the head of a union, partly in the parishes of Leck- PATRiCK and Urney, but i chiefly in that of Camusjuxta-Mourne, barony off Strabane, county of Ty- ' RONE, and province of Ulster, 12 miles (S. S. W.) from Londonderry, 14;^ (N. W. by N.) from Omagh, and 10" (N. N. W.) from Dublin, on the coach-road to Londonderry ; containing 4704 inhabitants. Little notice of this place occurs prior to the 14th century, when a Franciscan monastery of the third order was founded here, which flourished for a short time and ultimately merged into the abbey of Scarvaherin. The place was originally in the district of Munterlony ; but on the formation of part of the territory of Tir-Owen info the county of Tyrone, in 1591, it was made the head of the barony of Strabane. It appears, however, to have been merely an inconsiderable village till the plantation of Ulster by James I., who in 1611 granted the surrounding district to the Earl of Abercorn, who previously to the year I6I9 had erected a strong castle, around which he built a town of 80 houses, and settled 120 families mustering together 200 armed men, for whom, in I6l2, he obtained a charter of incorporation and other valuable privileges. He also erected three water-mills for grinding corn, and began to build a church. The town now ranks the first in the county. In 1641 it was besieged by Sir Phelini O'Nial, who took the castle, and, carrying off the Countess of Abercorn, detained her as a prisoner till ransomed by the payment of a large sum of money. The Irish forces of O'Nial remained for a long time in possession of the castle ; but it was at length retaken by the troops under the command of Colonel Sir G. Hamilton, brother of the Earl of Abercorn. In the war of the Revolution it was garrisoned for the Protestants, and on the 14th of March, I6S8, afforded an asylum to the inhabitants of Dungannon and its neighbourhood, when abandoned by Colonel Lundy ; in the following month, however, it fell into the hands of the enemy, and on the 18th of April, James II. arrived in person at this place and passed the ford to Lifford. From Lifford he proceeded to Londonderry; but finding that city in a state much more opposed to his views than he had anticipated, he returned to the castle of Strabane on the 20th, and received a deputation who surrendered to him the fort of Culmore.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 299

24. Earl of Cork builds forts at Park, Ballygarran, Ballyinn

    Ballygarran · townland · Waterford

    The Earl of Cork strengthened Lismore Castle and built three other forts in the neighbourhood: one at the Park, one at Ballygarran, and the third at Ballyinn. He also obtained a charter of incorporation for the town and grants of market and fairs.

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    Henry II., after landing at Waterford, marched to this place, where he was met by the chiefs of Munster, who, with the archbishops, bishops, and abbots of Ireland, swore allegiance to him, and gave him a charter confirming the kingdom of Ireland to him and his heirs for ever. While here, the king chose a site, and gave the necessary orders for the erection of a fortress for its defence. In 1173, Raymond Le Gros, with the English army, marched to Lismore with the plunder he had taken in Ophaly ; and, after ravaging the city and neighbourhood, proceeded on his route to Dungarvan. A castle was erected here, in 1185, by John, Earl of Morton, and Lord of Ireland. Four years afterwards it was taken by the Irish, who put Robert de Barry, the commander, and the whole of the garrison, to the sword ; it was, however, soon rebuilt by the king, and for many ages continued to be the residence of the bishops of the see, till Miler Magrath, Archbishop of Cashel and Bishop of Lismore, in 1518 granted the manor and other lands to Sir Walter Raleigh, from whom, with the rest of his possessions, they were purchased by Sir Richard Boyle, afterwards created Earl of Cork. The castle was greatly strengthened and improved by the earl, who built three other forts in the neighbourhood, one of which was at the Park, one at Ballygarran, and the third at Ballyinn ; he also obtained a charter of incorporation for the town, and the grant of a market and fairs.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 85

25. Earl of Cork monument in St. Mary's, Youghal

    Youghal · town · Cork

    The chantry of Our Blessed Saviour on the south side of St. Mary's church was purchased from the corporation by the first Earl of Cork and contains his remains and those of his family. A handsome altar-tomb bears his recumbent effigy under a splendid arch, flanked by kneeling figures of his two wives, with effigies of his children around and a mural tablet of black marble displaying the family genealogy.

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    richly embellished with flowing tracery : on the north side of the altar is a canopied niche with crocketed finials of elegant design, in which was a tomb, now removed, but there is still remaining the inscription, " Hie jacet Thomas Fleming ;" on the south side of the altar is another ancient tomb. On the south side of the church is a chapel, formerly called the chantry of Our Blessed Saviour, which was purchased from the corporation by the first earl of Cork and contains the remains of that nobleman and several of his family, to whose memory is a handsome altar- tomb, bearing his efiigy recumbent under a splendid arch, with those of his two wives kneeling ; on either side, and around, are the efiigies of his children : over the monument is a large mural tablet of black marble, with the genealogy of the family. There are also the monument of the founder of the chapel, which having been defaced in the Desmond rebellion was restored by the earl ; and a splendid monument of white marble to the memory of Lord Broghill. Near it is the tomb of Sir Edward Villers, lord president of Munster, who died 7th Sept. 16'26. The north transept or chapel, now used as a vestry, contains some ancient monuments, among which is one of the Uniacke family, with a cross* fleury and inscription both in relief, but much injured by exposure to the damp; it bears the date 1557- At the west entrance into the church are two monuments found, a few years since, in digging the foundations of the newbuildings on the site of the ancient Franciscan monastery at the south end of the town, one bearing a male and the other a female effigy, supposed to be husband and wife, with an inscription in Norman French nearly obliterated. On the north side of the altar is a very chaste and beautiful monument of white marble, to the family of Smyth, of Ballinatra. In the nave, now used for divine service, are several fine mural tablets to members of the Hayman family, who came to Ireland from Somersetshire in the reign of Charles II. In the churchyard, which is one of the most spacious in the kingdom, are also many curious monuments deserving of notice.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 415

26. Earl of Cork's alms-houses, Youghal

    Youghal · town · Cork · 1634

    Founded in Youghal in 1634 by the Earl of Cork, these alms-houses for poor widows were recently rebuilt in their original style, complete with the founder's arms. They provide apartments for six poor widows.

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    The Earl of Cork's alms-houses for poor widows, founded also in 1634, adjoin the free school : they have been recently rebuilt in their original style, with the arms of the founder in front ; and contain apartments for six poor widows, who are supplied with fuel and

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 414

27. Earl of Desmond confronts Lord-Justice Drury at Tralee castle, 1576

    Tralee · town · Kerry · 1576

    In 1576 the great Earl of Desmond tried to prevent Sir William Drury from holding assizes at Tralee, then invited him to his castle. Drury, suspecting treachery when Desmond's followers advanced in military order, ordered a charge, and Desmond fled.

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    TRALEE, a borough, assize, sea-port, market, and post town, a parish, and the head of a union, in the barony of Trughenackmy, county of Kerry, and province of MuNSTER, 584: miles (W. N. W.) from Cork, and 151 (S. W. by W.) from Dublin ; containing 1'2,534 inhabitants, of whom 10,590 are in the town, which extends into the parish of Ratass and contains altogether 11,363 inhabitants. Its ancient name, Traleigh, "the Strand of the Leigh," is derived from its situation near the point at which the river Leigh or Lee discharges itself into the broad sandy bay of Tralee ; this river, though apparently so insignificant as to be covered over during its course through the town, is occasionally so much swelled by the winter torrents from the mountains as to cause much inconvenience, and at times damage, to the inhabitants. The first historical notice of the place is the record of the foundation of a Dominican monastery, in \'2\3, by John Fitz-Thomas of the Geraldine family, who, having been slain with his son Maurice and many of his followers in the battle waged at Callan against M'^Carthy More, was interred in it. In 13'25, Maurice Fitz-Maurice, fourth lord of Kerry, slew Dermot M<^Carthy here in the presence of the judge of assize, for which act he was severely punished. In 15/6, the great Earl of Desmond, who claimed that his palatinate should not be amenable to the jurisdiction of the king's judges, having in vain endeavoured to prevent Sir William Drury, then lord-justice, from holding the assizes at Tralee, invited him to his castle, where he met him peaceably attended by a large body of his followers. The lord-justice seeing them advancing towards him in military order, unjustly suspected treachery and ordered his attendants to charge, upon which Desmond and his men fled with the greatest precipitation, leaving the countess to explain the cause of the alarm. In 1579, Sir Henry Davels, who had been sent out by the lord-deputy to summon the Earl of Desmond to join him with his forces against the Spaniards, who had lauded at Smerwick, on his return from this mission was assassinated at Tralee by Sir John Desmond, a relation of the carl. In 1600, Sir Charles Wilmot here routed a party of the Irish with considerable slaughter. At the breaking out of the war of 1641, all the English families in and about Tralee took shelter in the castle belonging to Sir Henry Denny, to whom it had been granted after the death of the Earl of Desmond and the forfeiture of his property. Sir Edward assembled all his tenants for its defence ; but being ordered away on another duty he left the new-comers to their own resources, which they exerted so effectually that they kept the besiegers at bay for six months, until, being worn out with fatigue and hunger, and discouraged by the 594

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 348

28. Earl of Desmond held Kilmallock, Askeaton, Rathkeale, and Newcastle

    Kilmallock · town · Limerick · 1565–1583

    During the rebellion of the Earl of Desmond in the reign of Elizabeth, he possessed the towns of Kilmallock, Askeaton, Rathkeale, and Newcastle, then the four chief places in the county. Confiscation of his estates after his death transferred fertile lands to new proprietors.

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    Heniiy II. granted this kingdom to Herebcrt Fitz- Herebert ; who having soon after resigned his claim, it was bestowed upon Philip de Braosa, and the grant was renewed to him by Richard I., with the exception of the city and the cantred of the (3stmen, which were committed to the custody of William de Burgo, who established a settlement there that defied all subsequent attacks of the natives. Braosa's grants having been forfeited, various Anglo-Norman settlements were made in the county (which was one of the twelve formed by King John in I'ilO) under Theobald Fitzwalter, ancestor of the Butler family ; Hamo de Valois ; William Fitz-Aldelm ; and Thomas, son of Maurice Fitzgerald. With these, the O'Briens of Thomond had part possession ; Donogh O'Brien, lord of Thomond, having been enfeoffed of the extensive lands of Carrigoginniol by King John. The Irish of Thomond often proved themselves formidable enemies of the English settlers. In 1367, they took prisoner, at Manister-Nenagh, the Lord- Justice Gerald Fitzgerald and many persons of distinction ; and at the time of the war between the houses of York and Lancaster, the county was entirely overrun by them. During the rebellion of the Earl of Desmond in the reign of Elizabeth, that nobleman possessed the towns of Kilmallock, Askeaton, Rathkeale, and Newcastle, then the four chief places in the county ; and the confiscation of his estates after his death caused the transfer of a considerable portion of its fertile lands to new proprietors. It suffered a similar fate in the wars of 1641 and 168S, each of which considerably increased the number of English settlers.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 73

29. Earl of Desmond hiding in woods around Kilmallock

    Kilmallock · town · Limerick · 1579–1582

    Gerald, 16th earl of Desmond, having been declared a rebel, suffered severe hardships with his countess, secreting themselves in the woods and mountains around Kilmallock. A detachment of the garrison attacked the earl at day-break, slew his servants, and carried off his provisions.

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    During the wars in the reign of Elizabeth, the town was a principal military station of the English, and the garrison was frequently emploj'ed in the most important services. The place was taken by surprise, in lr>6S, by James Fitz-Maurice, who put the sovereign and several of the principal inhabitants to death, and burned the town in order to prevent its occupation by the Lord- Deputy, who was marching against him from Buttevant. It was, however, restored by the encouragement of Sir Henry Sydney, lord-deputy, who left a garrison for its defence; and in 157"2, Sir J. Perrot, the first lord-president of Munster, compelled Fitz-Maurice to surrender, and to make his submission to the queen's mercy in the church of St. Peter and St. Paul. In 1597, Sir W. Drury came hither with a force of 900 men, to oppose Sir John of Desmond with his Spanish and Irish forces, and issued a proclamation summoning all the nobility and gentry of Munster to repair to his standard. Sir W. Pelham, who succeeded him, issued another proclamation to the same purpose ; and Gerald, 16th earl of Desmond, declining to obey, was declared a rebel unless he surrendered himself within 20 days ; on failing to comply with which, his vast estates, consisting of 570,000 plantation acres, were forfeited to the crown, and the earl and his countess suffered the severest hardships, secreting themselves in the woods and mountains around the town. Sir Nicholas Malby, who succeeded to the command of the forces, leaving a garrison of 340 men here, pursued, with the remainder of his forces, the troops under Sir John of Desmond, whom he defeated at Manister-Nenagh ; and in 1582, a detachment of the garrison attacked the earl in his retreat at day-break, slew his servants, carried off his provisions, and would have taken himself and his countess prisoners, had they not escaped by concealmg themselves in the river, immersed up to their chins behind one of its banks. In 1584, after the death of the carl, Ehzabeth granted the town a new charter, with some extensive tracts of land, and various tolls and customs ; empowering the inhabitants to elect a sovereign, to hold courts of record with jurisdiction not exceeding £20, to levy assessments for the repair of the fortifications, and grant licences for the distillation of spirituous liquors ; and conferring various other privileges, as ample as those of Kilkenny and Clonmel, with e-vemption from all ta.\es except those assessed by parliament. 136

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 43

30. Earl of Desmond plunders Youghal, 1579

    Youghal · town · Cork · 1579

    In 1579 the Earl of Desmond, on being proclaimed a traitor, led his forces to Youghal, plundered the town, and carried off inhabitants' property to his castles of Strancally and Lisfinny. The mayor, who had refused an English garrison but made no effort to defend the town, was tried by court martial and hanged before his own house.

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    In 1579, the Earl of Desmond, on being proclaimed a traitor, led his forces to this place, plundered the town, and carried o£f the property of the inhabitants to his castles of Strancally and Lisfinny, in the county of Waterford, at that time occupied by the Spaniards. The Earl of Ormonde, receiving intelligence of this attack, sent a ship from Waterford with troops which entered the town ; but, being overpowered by the forces of the seneschal of Imokilly, most of them were killed, and the remainder escaped with difficulty to their ship. The mayor had before this perfidiously refused to receive an English garrison, promising to defend the place to the last e.xtremity; having made no effort for that purpose, he was tried by a court martial, found guilty, and hanged before his own house. The devastation to which the town was subjected during this rebellion compelled the inhabitants to abandon it ; but on the retreat of the insurgents in 15S0, they were invited to return, and in order to inspire them with confidence a garrison of 300 foot was left for their defence. In 15S2 the seneschal of Imokilly, with all the forces he could muster, came suddenly to Youghal and scaled the walls ; the alarm however being given, he was repulsed by a portion of the garrison, with the loss of 50 of his men. On the plantation of Munster, in the 28th of Elizabeth, 1586, an important project was contemplated which has been strangely overlooked by most writers on the subject, yet which, if it had been carried out, would have resulted in the formation of a new county in Ireland. We learn from Sir Richard Cox, that it was the royal wish the county of Cork should be divided into two ; the western and more considerable portion to retain its name, having for its capital the city of Cork ; and the

    YO UG

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 409

31. Earl of Desmond retreats to Askeaton Castle

    Askeaton · townland · Limerick · 1579

    After witnessing the battle of Manister from a hill about a mile distant, the Earl of Desmond retired into his strong castle of Askeaton upon perceiving the defeat of his forces. The papal legate was among the slain, found still grasping the consecrated banner.

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    150 cavalry and 600 infantry, and defeated with great slaughter. The Earl of Desmond, who had witnessed the battle from a hill about a mile distant, on perceiving the result of the conflict, retired into his strong castle of Askeaton ; among the slain was found the body of the legate, with the consecrated banner grasped firmly in his hand. During this engagement the Irish and Spanish soldiers took shelter in the abbey, which was greatly injured by the fire of the English cannon ; the refectory and cloisters were destroyed, and the surrounding walls rased to the ground. Though it never recovered its original importance, the monastery existed till the Dissolution, and with all its possessions was granted by Queen Elizabeth to Sir Henry Wallop, who fitted up the choir for a parochial church. During the various disturbances of more modern times, this place has been also the scene of much violent contention.

    The PARISH, which is intersected by the river Comningue, comprises 349S statute acres. About one-third of tlie land is under tillage, and the remainder meadow and pasture, which being low ground, are frequently overflowed by the river, and are sometimes, for several of the winter months, under water ; the soil is fertile, and the system of agriculture improved. Near the e.vtremity of the parish is a tract of bog, of about 200 acres, mostly exhausted. The principal seats are Abbeyville, Manister House, Fort Elizabeth, and Castle Ivers. The living is a vicarage, in the diocese of Limerick ; Lord Southwell, in whom the rectory is impropriate, claims the patronage and the tithes of the vicarage also, and allows the incumbent a stipend of £14 late currency : the tithe rent-charge is £103. 10. There is neither church, glebe-house, nor glebe : the Protestant parishioners attend the church of Ballycahane. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish forms part of the districts of BrufF and Fedamore ; there are two chapels.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 135

32. Earl of Desmond's refuge and Knights Templars church at Kilquane, Limerick

    Kilquane · townland · Limerick · 1579

    After his attainder in 1579, the unfortunate Earl of Desmond suffered many privations among the mountains of Kilquane parish. Near Mount Russell are the remains of a church tradition supposes belonged to Knights Templars, and great numbers of human bones thought to be those of Desmond's followers were collected and interred at Mount Coote.

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    KILQUANE, or Bali.yshonboy, a parish, in the union of Kilmallock, partly in the barony of Fermoy, county of Cork, but chiefly in the barony of Costlea, county of Limeeuck, and province of Minster, 2 miles (S.) from Kilmallock, on the road to Kilfinnan ; containing 887 inhabitants. This parish comprises 2776 statute acres : the land in the lower part is tolerably good, and some of it under tillage; but nearly one-half of the parish is mountainous and uncultivated, and the greater portion of the remainder is in demesne and meadow. The mountains form the range of Jamestown, Ballyhough, Ballyshondebuie, and Ballylopin, extending to the boundary of the county of Cork ; they every where afford good pasturage for sheep and young cattle, and comprise several hundred acres, much of which might be brought into cultivation. Among these mountains the unfortunate Earl of Desmond suffered many privations after his attainder in 1579; but the extensive woods and fore.*ts in which he took refuge, with the exception of those of Mount Coote and Riversfield, have wholly disappeared. The parish is a rectory, appropriate to the see of Limerick : the tithe rentcharge is £49. I'i., and the glebe comprises 1'2 acres. In the Roman Catholic divisions Kilquane forms part of the district of Kilmallock. Near Ballyshondehaigh is an ancient mansion, for many years the residence of the Hall family ; not far from it are the remains of extensive fortifications. At the base of the mountain near Mount Russell, are the remains of the church, which tradition supposes to have belonged to an establishment of Knights Templars. Great numbers of human bones found in this parish, and supposed to be those of the followers of the Earl of Desmond, have been collected and interred in the grounds of Mount Coote.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 51

33. Earl of Granard introduces linen manufacture at Newtownforbes

    Newtown Forbes · town · Longford

    The first earl of Granard took great pains to introduce linen-cloth and linen-yarn manufacture among his tenantry at Newtownforbes. Coarse linen-cloth and linen-yarn were subsequently sent to markets in other counties.

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    Coarse linen-cloth, and linen-yarn, are manufactured to some extent, and sent to markets in other counties : the first earl of Granard took great pains to introduce this branch of manufacture among his tenantry at Newtown-Foibes. Flannels, friezes, and linsey-woolseys, chiefly for domestic consumption, are manufactured in several places. The rivers that water the interior of the county are the Camliii and the Keenagh. The source of the former is amid the numerous springs around Granard : its course is uncommonly winding, in consequence of the flatness of the vallej- through which it flows after quitting the hill of Granard, insomuch that the country is flooded to a great extent in winter ; it runs westward, and joins the Shannon at Tarmonbarry. The latter rises in the south, and flows northward to the Shannon. The Fallen and Owiiamouiit are insignificant streams. The Inny, which forms part of the southern boundary of the county, flows through a beautiful and rich country in a winding course, by Ballymahon, to Lough Ree : it contains salmon, trout, pike, perch, roach, tench, bream, and eels ; the last are highly esteemed. It is said that since the introduction of perch, all other kinds of fish except eels have grown scarce both in Lough Ree and in the Liny. Few rivers present so many facilities as this for water-carriage ; its course is very slow. The total fall from Finea to the Shannon is 90 feet ; and the main obstructions to its navigation are a ridge of rocks between Newcastle and Ballymahon, and two shallows between the latter town and the Shannon. The Royal Canal enters the county from Westmeath, by an aqueduct over the Inny near TenelHck, passing westward by Ballymahon, Keenagh, and Mosstown, to Killashee, whence a branch leads northward to the town of Longford, while the main line from the junction continues westward until it joins the Shannon at Richmond Harbour, a mile below Tarmonbarry. This line of communication, through the heart of the country, is of the greatest advantage to commercial interests ; boats of "20 tons convey bulky articles, and fly-boats, travelling at the rate of 7 miles an hour, ply constantly between Longford and Dublin. The Roads are numerous and well laid out, and the material of which they are made is abundant and of very good quality ; but in general they are very wet throughout every part, a defect arising entirely from want of due attention to keep the water-courses open.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 107

34. Earl of Inchiquin meets Lords at Tallow, relieves Lismore Castle

    Tallow · town · Waterford · 1643

    In 1643 the Earl of Inchiquin, with his army, met Lords Dungarvan and Broghill at Tallow, and from there proceeded to the relief of Lismore Castle, which was then besieged.

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    TALLOW, or Tallagh, a market and post town (formerly a parliamentary borough) and a parish, in the union of Lismore, barony of Coshmore and Coshbride, county of Waterford, and province of Mun- STER, 39 miles (W. S. W.) from Waterford, and 114 (S. W. by S.) from Dublin, on the coach-road from Waterford, through Youghal, to Cork ; containing 486" inhabitants, of whom '2969 are in the town. This place, together with the surrounding territory, was, in I.5S6, granted by Queen Elizabeth to Sir Walter Raleigh, by whom the estates were subsequently assigned to Sir Richard Boyle, afterwards created Earl of Cork. In the original grant it is designated a decayed town ; but it was restored by the earl, who in the llth of James I. obtained for the inhabitants a charter of incorporation and various important privileges. Though not walled, an intrenchment with four gates was thrown up around it for its defence during the war in 1641, by the earl, who maintained here a garrison of 100 infantry; and in 1643 the Earl of Inchiquin, with his army, met the Lords Dungarvan and Broghill at this place, whence they proceeded to the relief of Lismore Castle, at that time besieged. In 1644 the castle of Ballyniacow, near the town, was taken from Sir Philip Perceval by the Irish, but was soon after restored by order of the supreme council at Kilkenny, in consequence of its seizure having been a violation of the cessation of hostilities previously concluded.

    The town is situated about half a mile to the south of the river Bride, and consists chiefly of two streets ; it contained, in 1841, 436 houses, many of them well built and of respectable appearance. The wool-combing business was formerly carried on extensively ; but at present the principal trade is in grain, which is brought from Fermoy and the neighbouring markets to be shipped here. The manufacture of coarse lace affords employment to several hundred females : an extensive ale and porter brewery was established in 1835, by Messrs. Anthony and Terry, which produces annually 3000 barrels ; and attached to it is a large Vol. II.— 545

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 309

35. Earl of Kildare garrisons Tulsk castle, 1499

    Tulsk · townland · Roscommon · 1499

    The castle at Tulsk was long regarded as one of the strongest in the province of Connaught. It was garrisoned by the Earl of Kildare when he led his forces into the province in 1499.

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    TULLYVIN.— See Killersherdiny. TULSK, a post-town or village (formerly an incorporated market-town and parliamentary borough), in the parish of Ogulla, union, barony, and county of Roscommon, province of Connaught, 8 miles (N.) from Roscommon, and 79|- (W. N. \V.) from Dublin ; containing 133 inhabitants. O'Conor Roe erected a castle here in 1406 ; and during the same century a Dominican monastery was founded, either by Mac Duil or O'Dowel, or by Phelim, son of Phelim Cleary O'Conor, who was interred here in 1448. The castle was for along time one of the strongest in the province, and was garrisoned by the Earl of Kildare when he led his forces into this province in 1499. The monastery existed till the reign of Elizabeth ; but for some time prior to the Dissolution its possessions had been usurped by the corporation of Galway. A Dominican abbey was founded at Toemonia, near the town, by O'Conor Roe, and in the reign of Elizabeth was in the occupation of Franciscans of the third order, on whose suppression it was granted by the Queen to Richard Kyndelinshe. The inhabitants were incorporated by Charles II., in the fourteenth year of his reign, by the designation of the " Portreeve, Free Burgesses, and Commonalty of the Borough of Tulsk :" the charter also conferred the elective franchise, with power to hold a court of record and a weekly market. Under this charter the corporation consisted of a portreeve, 15 free burgesses, and an indefinite number of freemen, assisted by two serjeants-at-mace and other officers appointed in the usual manner. The portreeve and free burgesses continued to return two members to the Irish parliament till the Union, when the borough was disfranchised. The court of record, which had jurisdiction to the amount of £5, has been long discontinued ; the corporation has become extinct, and the town has dwindled into an insignificant village consisting only of a few straggling cottages and one shop. Fairs are held on Easter-Monday and the first Monday in November (O. S.). In the village is a receiving-house for letters in connexion with Strokestown ; a constabulary police force is stationed in it ; and petty-sessions are held weekly. There are some remains of the ancient abbey, situated in a large cemetery which is still used ; the chief feature is a double-arched doorway divided in the centre by a round pillar of elegant design and in good preservation. The surrounding district is extremely rich, and afifords luxuriant pasturage. 613

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 360

36. Earl of March and Ulster died suddenly at Trim, 1425

    Trim · town · Meath · 1425

    In 1425 the Earl of March and Ulster, then lord-lieutenant, died suddenly at Trim while preparing to repel the incursions of the native septs into his territories.

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    In the reign of Edward II., during Piers Gaveston 8 vice-regency, Richard, Earl of Ulster, held his court here with a degree of ostentatious parade highly alarming to the chief governor, to whom his collected followers appeared as a well-appointed and formidable retinue. Edward Bruce, in his retreat from Munster to the north of Ireland, halted for some days at Trim ; and in 1393, Roger de Mortimer, Earl of March and Ulster, received a grant of tolls for the purpose of improving and fortifying the town, as the capital of all Meath. Richard II., when last in Ireland, on receiving intelligence of the Earl of Hereford's landing in England, committed the young lords Gloucester and Henry of Lancaster, the latter afterwards Henry V., prisoners to the castles of this place. In 1407 a parliament convoked at Dublin was adjourned hither, to deliberate on the best means of repressing the aggressions of Art Mac Murrough. On the accession of Henry VI. a parliament was held here; and in the year 1425 the Earl of March and Ulster, then lord-lieutenant, died suddenly at this place while preparing to repel the incursions of the native septs into his territories. In 1447, a parliament was held in which various reformatory and sumptuary laws were enacted ; and in 1459 a mint was established in the town. Richard, Duke of York, father of Edward IV., while lord-lieutenant of Ireland, resided for some time at Trim, the palatine liberty of which was vested in him ; and in the reign of Henry VII. the townsmen favoured the imposition of Lambert Simnel, but were afterwards received into the king's favour. Parliaments were also held here in 14S4, 1487, and 1491. During the parliamentary war the town again became a place of military importance. In 1642 it was in the hands of the confederate Roman Catholic forces, who were expelled ; and in a subsequent skirmish to retain the place. Sir Chas. Coote, commander of the parliamentarian garrison, was killed by a ball supposed to have been from the musket of one of his own troopers. Soon after this, four royal commissioners sat in the town to meet the agents of the confederate Catholics, and receive their remonstrance and petition for the redress of grievances. After the massacre at Drogheda by Cromwell, in 1649, the town surrendered to that general, the garrison disregarding the instructions given by the Marquess of Ormonde to destroy the place rather than suffer it to fall into his hands.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 352

37. Earl of Strafford's council at Portumna Castle, 1634

    Portumna · town · Galway · 1634

    In 1634 the Earl of Strafford held a council at Portumna Castle to establish the King's title to the Connaught estates. The jury negatived the title, prompting Strafford to place both jury and sheriff under arrest and send them as prisoners to Dublin.

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    Clarence, from whom it passed to the Mortimer family, and subsequently to the Earl of Clanricarde, to whom it svas confirmed in 1610, together with the castle, monastery, fair, and markets. The monks of the Cistercian abbey of Dunbrody had for a long time a chapel here, which was dedicated to St. Peter and St. Paul, and which, on their abandonment of it, was given by OMadden, chief of the country, to friars of the Dominican order, who established a monastery here and a church dedicated to the Blessed Virgin. In 1634, the Earl of Strafford held a council in the castle of this place, in order to establish the King's title to the estates of Connaught, which being negatived by the jury empannelled for that purpose, the earl placed both the jury and the sheriff under arrest, and sent them prisoners to Dublin. The Earl of Clanricarde died in 1636, and was succeeded by Ulic, the fifth earl of that family, who, on the breaking out of the war in 1641, fortified his castle, and took every precaution to secure the peace of the county. When appointed lord deputy of Ireland, after the departure of the Marquess of Ormonde in 1650, he made this castle his principal residence, which, in 16.59, was besieged by General Ludlow. In the war of the Revolution, the castle was garrisoned by the adherents of James II., but surrendered to Brigadier-General Eppinger, who had been sent by William with a force of 1'200 horse and dragoons to reduce it.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 231

38. Earl of Strafford's plantation commission begins at Roscommon

    Roscommon · town · Roscommon · 1633–1640

    Under Charles I, the Earl of Strafford sought to subvert all Connaught proprietors' titles, beginning with Roscommon. He attended the Commissioners of Plantation in person, using legal objections, persuasive arguments and threats to induce a jury of principal inhabitants to verdict for the crown.

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    Sir John Perrot, lord-deputy, compelled the native chiefs, in 1.584, to resign their territories into the hands of the crown, to execute indentures of submission, and to receive re-grants, whereby their estates were to descend in future according to the rules of the common law of England. Both the septs of O'Conor firmly maintained their allegiance to Elizabeth ; and O'Conor Don, who had been knighted by her, represented the new county in parliament in 1 585. When the Earl of Strafford, in the reign of Charles I., adopted the project of subverting the titles of all the proprietors of Connaught, he adduced legal objections against their indentures with Sir John Perrot, and against every grant and other document produced ; and attending the Commissioners of Plantation in person, he began with Roscommon in the execution of his plans. The commission 478

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 258

39. Earl of Sussex expels Scots from Rathlin (1558)

    near Rathlin Island · island or archipelago · Antrim · 1558–1580

    In 1558 the Earl of Sussex, then lord-deputy, attacked the Scots who had taken possession of Rathlin Island and expelled them with great slaughter. The island suffered so much from repeated ravages that it was reportedly totally uninhabited by 1580.

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    RATHLIN, an island and parish, in the union of Ballycastle, barony of Carey, county of Antrim, and province of Ulster, 65 miles (N.) from Ballycastle ; containing 1010 inhabitants. This island, which is situated off the northern coast of Antrim, nearly opposite to the town of Ballycastle, in lat. 54° 36' (N.) and Ion. 9° 15' (W.), and which is regarded as the Ricnia of Pliny and the Richia of Ptolemy, has received various appellations from different writers. By the Irish historians it is called Recarn, or Recrain ,- by Buchanan, Raclinda ; by Mackenzie, Rachri ; by Ware, Raghiui ; and Raghery by Hamilton, who derives that name from Ragh Erin, signifying the " fort of Erin." Its present name, which has been adopted by all modern writers, is but a slight modification of that given to it by Ware. St. Comgall, is said to have landed in this island with the intention of founding a cell, but was expelled by a band of soldiers. In the sixth century, however, a church was founded here, probably by St. Columba, who is said to have placed it under the superintendence of St. Colman. But the foundation of this religious establishment is by some writers attributed to Lugard Laither, who was abbot about the year 590, and by others to St. Legene, abbot of Hy, by whom it was repaired about the year 630. In 790, a body of Danish pirates, in their first descent upon the coast, laid waste the whole island, and destroyed the monastery, which was soon afterwards restored : it was again destroyed in 973, by the Danes, who martyred the abbot, St. Feradach ; since which time no subsequent notice of it occurs. King John granted the island to Alan of Galloway, in Scotland ; and Robert Bruce, when driven from Scotland by the success of Baliol, his competitor for the crown, took refuge here, where he fortified himself in a castle, of which a fragment still remaining bears his name. In 1558, the Earl of Sussex, then lorddeputy, attacked the Scots who had taken possession of the island, and expelled them with great slaughter ; and so much did the place suffer from the repeated ravages of the English and Scots, that it is stated, in a manuscript history of the country, to have been totally uninhabited in 1580.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 250

40. Earl of Tyrone's camp near Drumbanagher

    Drumbanagher · townland · Armagh

    Near Drumbanagher Castle are the remains of a very extensive camp that served as the principal rendezvous of the Earl of Tyrone's army during the reign of Elizabeth. Nearby is Tuscan's Pass, an important early station connecting the territory of the O'Hanlons with that of the Maginnises.

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    Not far from Drumbanagher Castle are the remains of a very extensive camp, which was the principal rendezvous of the Earl of Tyrone's army in the reign of Elizabeth ; and near it is Tuscan's Pass, a most important station in early times, connecting the country of the O'Hanlons with that of the Maginnises. On the summit of Slieve Gullion is a large cairn, which on recent examination was found to be one of the sepulchral monuments of the ancient Irish, and is supposed to have contained the remains of Cualgne, son of Breogan, a Milesian chieftain, who fell in battle on the plain beneath, and from whom the mountain and the surrounding district most probably derived their name. Near the cairn, and also on the summit of Slieve Gullion, is a pool called the Loch, about 60 yards in diameter, which, together with the cairn, forms the subject of a poem ascribed to Ossian, in which " Fionn- Mac-Cumhall," or Fingal, and his heroes, make a conspicuous figure ; the poem is called Luoi-iia-Sealga, or " the Chace," and is among the translations of Irish poems bv Miss Brooke.

    KILLEVOLANE.— See Kilvolane.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 39

41. Early monastery at Trevet, pillaged by Danes and rebuilt by de Lacy

    Trevet · townland · Meath · 917–1200

    Trevet was distinguished in the earliest ages of Christianity in Ireland by a considerable monastery of unknown founder. It was pillaged by the Danes in 917, destroyed by fire in 1145, and plundered in 1152; Hugh de Lacy later rebuilt the town and erected a large church in honour of St. Patrick.

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    TRYVETT, or Trevet, a parish, partly in the barony of Ratoath, but chiefly in that of Skreen, union of Dunshaughlin, county of Meath, and [province of Leinster, 2 miles (N. N. E.) from Dunshaughlin, and on the road from Navan to Ratoath ; containing 416 inhabitants. This place was distinguished in the earliest ages of Christianity in Ireland by the foundation of a considerable monastery, the founder of which is unknown: though pillaged by the Danes in 917, destroyed by fire in 1145, and plundered by the men of Ily Briuin in 1152, it appears to have existed till the settlement of the English in Meath. The ancient town was rebuilt soon afterwards by Hugh de Lacy, who placed here a colony of his English followers ; and upon this occasion the monastery seems to have been superseded by the erection of a large church in honour of St. Patrick. The town continued to flourish for many years, and acquired considerable importance ; it subsequently, however, fell into decay, and is now only an obscure village. The parish comprises 4 169| statute acres, chiefly pasture ; the soil is of excellent quality, and the arable land, under an improving system of agriculture, produces good crops. The living is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of Meath, united by act of council, in I67S, to the rectory of Kilbrew, and in the patronage of the Crown ; the tithe rent-charge of the parish is £150. 4., and of the whole union £284. I6. The glebe-house, situated about a mile from the old church, was built in 1815, at an expense of £794 British, of which £461 were a loan and £277 a gift from the late Board of First Fruits, the residue being defrayed by the incumbent. The glebe, situated in the parish of Kilbrew, comprises 11</. Ir. 'p., subject to a rent of £31. The present church of the union is also in Kilbrew, and was rebuilt and enlarged about 90 years since. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish forms part of the district of Skreen.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 353

42. Early monastic priory at Old Leighlin

    Oldleighlin · parish · Carlow · 600–638

    A priory for Canons Regular was founded at Old Leighlin by St. Gobban around the close of the 6th or start of the 7th century. A grand synod held there in 630 deliberated on the date of Easter, attended by St. Laserian, who made the abbey the head of a see and presided over 1500 monks at one time.

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    LEIGHLIN, OLD, a parish, the seat of a diocese, and formerly a parliamentary borough, in the barony of Idrone West, union and county of Carlow, and province of Leinster, 1,: mile (S. S. W.) from Leighlin- Bridge, on the road to Castlecomer ; containing 36.58 inhabitants, of whom 140 are in the village. This place has from a remote period been distinguished for its religious establishments, the earliest of which was a PRIORY for Canons Regular, founded by St. Cobban about the close of the 6th or commencement of the 7th century. A grand synod was held here in 630 to deliberate on the proper time for celebrating the festival of Easter, and was attended by St. Laserian, who had been consecrated bishop by Pope Honorius and sent as legate from the holy see. In 632, St. Gobban built a cell for himself and brethren at another place, and relinquished the abbey to St. Laserian, who made it the head of a see, over which he presided till his death in 638 ; and so greatly did the monastery flourish that, during the prelacy of St. Laserian, there were at one time not less than 1500 monks in the establishment. The priory was plundered in 916, 978, and 982, and in 1060 was totally destroyed by fire. Among its subsequent benefactors was Burchard, son of Gurmond, a Norwegian, who 211

    either founded or endowed the priory of St. Stephen j ■which, being situated in a depopulated and wasted country, frequently afTorded refuge and asMihIanec to the English, in acknowledgment of which Edward IH. granted to the prior a concordatuni in 1372. This priory was dissolved by Pope Eugene IV., in 1432, and its possessions annexed to the deanery of Leighlin.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 67

43. Early religious house at Kildellig, abbot slain by Danes 885

    Kildellig · townland · Laois · 885

    A religious establishment existed at Kildellig at an early period. The last mention of it is in 885, when the abbot was killed by the Danes.

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    KILDELLIG, or Kildellygly, a parish, in the barony of Clarmallagh, union of Roscrea, Queen's county, and province of Leinster, 3| miles (S. E. by S.) from Burros-in-Ossory, and on the road from Mountrath to Rathdowney ; containing 342 inhabitants. It comprises 1251 statute acres; and is a rectory, in the diocese of Ossory, forming part of the union of Rathdowney : the tithe rent-charge is £43. 2. 6. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish forms part of the district of Aghaboe. A religious estabhshment existed here at an early period, the last mention of which is in 885, when the abbot was killed by the Danes.

    KILDEMOCK, or Kildernock, a parish, in the union and barony of Ardee, county of Louth, and province of Leinster, 1 mile (S. S. E.) from Ardee, on the road from that place to Drogheda; containing 1104 inhabitants. It comprises 3246 statute acres, principally under tillage, with no waste or bog; there is a good limestone-quarry. At Drakestown^s a constabulary police station. The parish is in the diocese of Armagh, and is a rectory forming part of the union of Ardee ; the tithe rent-charge is £150. The glebe-house of the union, built in 1781, at an expense of £1010. I., is situated here ; the glebe comprises 40 acres, valued at £120 per annum. In the Roman Cathohc divisions the parish forms part of the district of Ardee, and has a handsome chapel at Drakestown. The church is in ruins.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 22

44. Early territorial tracts about Ardmore

    Ardmore · town · Waterford

    Before the seventh century two small tracts, Coscradia and Hy-Lyathain, were recorded on the southern coast about Ardmore in County Waterford. These names later merged into the broader designation of Decies.

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    The earliest inhabitants of this portion of the island were a tribe designated by Ptolemy Menapii, who occupied also the present county of W^exford. Prior to the seventh century, mention is made of two small tracts, one called Coscradia, and the other Ily-Lyathain, on the south, about Ardmore ; but these designations appear to have merged at an early period in that of Decies, given by the preponderating power of a tribe called the Desii, or Decii, who occupied the central and larger portions of the county at the time of the English invasion. They are said to have been originally planted in Meath, and gave name to the barony of Deece : in a contest for the chieftaincy in the middle of the third century, a large number were compelled to abandon that territory, and to remove southwards ; and they ultimately settled themselves in the tract of country extending from Carrick-on-Suir to Dungarvan, and thence eastward to Waterford harbour. From this time Decie in Meath, and Decie in Munster, were called respectively jyorth and South Decie ; the latter also bore the Irish name of Nan-Decie. But jEngus Mac Nafrach, King of Munster, in the fifth century, enlarged the territories of the Decii by annexing to them the lands of Magh-Femin, comprising the present barony of Middlethird, and the large extended plains near Cashel, called Gowlin, together with the country about Clonmel : and from this period the designation of Decie-Thuasgeart, or North Decie, became applied only to this grant ; the former territories in W'aterford still retaining the distinctive appellation of Decie- Deisgeart, or South Decie. St. Declan, a Christian missionary of the race of the Decii, converted great numbers of them about the year 402 ; and, by his influence, their pagan chieftain was deposed, and one of the Christian converts elected in his stead. This saint, and St. Carthage, of the same sept, who died in 637, founded respectively the religious establishments at Ardmore and Lismore, the extent of the parishes attached to which is accounted for by their remote antiquity.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 373

45. Earthen fort near Croom

    Croom · town · Limerick

    Near Croom, there is an ancient earthen fort of great height. The area also contains other pagan relics such as a tumulus at Bruree and stone circles at Grange.

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    The VESTIGES of ANTiauiTY are numerous, and of great variety of character. There were two round towers : that at Ardpatrick fell a few years since ; the other, at Carrigreen, is in good preservation. Of the earlier and ruder kind of pagan relics are, the cromlech on Bailenalycaellach hill, and two others near it ; the fortifications on Knocktow ; a large fort at Friarstown ; a large and very perfect moat at Kilfinane, and another at Pallasgreine ; a tumulus at Bruree ; an earthen fort of great height near Croom ; the stone circles at Grange ; a large dun or intrenched mount, with raths and other circular fortifications, at Kilpeacon ; a circular fort divided into segments near Shanid Castle ; and traces of an ancient city in Cahir Park. The number of the religious houses that were founded here is about 35, exclusively of those in the city and its liberties. There are still remains of those of the Trinitarians, Augustinians, and Franciscans, at Adare ; of Monaster na Geailleach ; of Askeaton Abbey ; and of Kilshane Abbey, in the parish of Ballingarry ; also several extensive ruins of the ancient college at Mungret ; of Galbally friary ; of Kilflin monastery ; of Kilmallock Abbey ; of Monaster-Nenagh Abbey ; and of the fine old abbey in the parish of Rochestown : all of which are particularly described in their respective parishes. The county contains upwards of 50 ruins of churches : it is, however, but right to observe, that in many instances new structures have been built in more eligible situations, and every parish has now a church, or is united to a parish in which there is one. So numerous were the castles rendered necessary by the former unsettled state of the country, that they are sometimes found within half a mile of each other; there are still ruins, more or less extensive, of nearly one hundred, which, with the modern seats of the nobility and gentry, are noticed in their respective places.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 74

46. Earthworks at Tara: traces of fortification

    Tara · parish · Meath

    Despite the name, it is doubtful whether any stone building ever existed at Tara; the only traces of fortification are extensive earthworks of various forms, chiefly circular intrenchments within which habitations of light materials appear to have been formed.

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    which was afterwards removeil to Scotland and used for a similar purpose, until it was taken by Edward I. as a trophy of his victory over that people, and plated in Westminster abbey, where it is still preserved. The hill of Taragh was also selected by St. Patrick as a convenient spot from which to promulgate the doctrines of Christianity, which rapidly extended to every part of Ireland. In 980, the Danes sustained a signal defeat here, which contributed materially to their final expulsion from the country a few years afterwards, from which period they could only infest it by predatory incursions. Roderic, the last native monarch of all Ireland, assembled his forces at Taragh while preparing to besiege the English in Dublin ; but after the English settlement it was no longer a place of note, except for the assembling of the military within the English pale. In 1539 O'Nial, at the head of the northern Irish, after ravaging the surrounding country, reviewed his forces here with great parade ; and during the disturbances of 179s, a numerous body of insurgents was defeated on the hill, by a party of about 400 fencibles and yeomanry. It seems very doubtful, notsvithstanding the name, whether any building of stone ever existed ; the only traces of fortification are earthworks of considerable extent and of various forms, chiefly circular intrenchments, within which habitations of light materials appear to have been formed.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 316

47. Edenvale and New Hall demesnes at Killone

    Killone · parish · Clare

    The principal seats of Killone parish are Edenvale and New Hall, both situated in picturesque demesnes. New Hall stands on an eminence above Lake Killone, while Edenvale is celebrated for its romantic vale containing a secluded lake said to communicate with the river Fergus by a subterraneous channel.

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    KILLONE, or KiLLOWEN, a parish, in the union of Ennis, barony of Islands, county of Clare, and province of Munster, 25 miles (S. by W.) from Ennis, on the road to Kildysart ; containing 2777 inhabitants. It comprises about 5718f statute acres. Limestone abounds, and is used for manure, for which purpose sea-weed and sand from the shores of the Fergus are also used ; the state of agriculture is gradually improving. About the year 1190, Donald O'Brien, King of Limerick, founded an abbey here for nuns of the order of St. Augustine, and dedicated it to St. John the Baptist : Slaney, the pious daughter of Donogh Carbreach, King of Thomond, was abbess of this nunnery. The ruins are beautifully situated near the north-eastern extremity of the Lake of Killone, and form a very picturesque feature in the scenery. At a short distance from them is a celebrated holy well, dedicated to St. John, on the eve of whose anniversary it is resorted to by the peasantry from various parts of the county. The principal seats are Edenvale and New Hall ; both are situated in picturesque demesnes, the latter being on an eminence above the Lake of Killone, and the former celebrated for its romantic vale, in which is a secluded lake, said to communicate with the river Fergus by a subterraneous channel. The parish is in the diocese of Killaloe : the rectory is impropriate in Bindon Scott, Esq., who receives the tithe rent-charge, amounting to £135, and allows £10 per annum late currency for discharging the clerical duties ; but the townland of Bearnageeby pays tithe to the rector of Clare-Abbey. In the Roman Catholic divisions Killone forms part of the district of Clare, and has a chapel at Ballyea.

    KILLONEHAN.— See Killelonehan.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 40

48. Edmond de Albanach renounces English rule and takes the name MacWilliam Oughter

    Mayo · parish · Mayo · 1200–1216

    After King John's grant of Connacht, Edmond de Albanach renounced allegiance to the English government, adopted Irish language and dress, and assumed the title MacWilliam Oughter. The county of Mayo remained nearly independent of British rule until the reign of Elizabeth.

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    vince, including this county, had been granted by King John,) Edmond de Albanach or the Scot, one of his kinsmen, ancestor to the earls of Mayo, renounced his allegiance to the English government. He threw oEF the English dress ; adopted the language and apparel of the native Irish ; and assumed the title of Mac William Oughter, or " the Further," to distinguish himself from another member of the family svho had acted in the same manner in the more southern regions of the province, and had called himself Mac William Eighter, or "the Nearer." The county remained in an unsettled state, nearly independent of British rule, until the time of Elizabeth, in the eleventh year of whose reign the whole province, which had hitherto been divided into the two counties of Connaught and Roscommon, was made shire ground ; the boundaries and subdivisions of this portion of it were defined, and at this time arose the present name of Mayo, from the village and monastery of Maio, situated on a river which falls into Lough Carra. The Mac Williams nevertheless continued to exert a powerful control ; for the annals of the town of Galway inform us that, in consequence of the disturbed state of the country in the neighbourhood of that town, numbers of Galway people took refuge with Mac William Onghter in Mayo, and were the founders of the several respectable families of Galway name which still hold large estates here. When Sir Henry Sidney, lorddeputy, visited Galway in 1575, several of the Galway exiles returned, and applied to him for protection ; and Mac William Oughter himself submitted by oath and indenture. This Mac William was father to the celebrated Grace O'^NIalley, better known in the romantic history of the times by the name of Grana Uile : she, however, was so far from being led to submission by her father's example, that it was deemed necessary to send a body of troops to storm her castle of Carrick a-Uile, near Newport ; and so spirited was the defence made by this singular woman, that the assailants, instead of accomplishing the object of their expedition, narrowly escaped being taken prisoners, which would have been inevitably attended with loss of life.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 145

49. Edmund Burke educated at ruined Monanimy Castle hedge school

    Monanimy · parish · Cork

    Edmund Burke received his first rudiments of education at the ruined castle of Monanimy, where a sort of hedge school was then held. He retained a lifelong partiality for the place.

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    The living is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of Cloyne, and in the patronage of the Bishop : the tithe rent-charge is £300. The church, a small neat building with a tower and spire, is situated on the northern bank of the Blackwater: it was erected in 181 1, on the site of an ancient commandery of Knights Hospitallers that formerly existed here, by aid of a gift of £800 from the Board of First Fruits ; it was new roofed and repaired in 18'27, by the parishioners. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish forms part of the district of Kealavollen, comprising also Clenore and Wallstown, and containing the chapels of Kealavollen and Anakissy : the latter is in the parish of Clenore ; the former, a small plain building, has been rebuilt on a site given by Jas. Hennessy, Esq. There is a small cottage residence for the parish priest. A school of about 80 children was till lately maintained by a bequest of £18 per annum from the late Jos. Nagle, Esq., of Ballygriffin, for 30 years from 1814. The castle of Monanimy is by some supposed to have been built by the Knights Templars ; while by others, it and the castle of Carrigacunna are said to have been erected by the Nagles, after whom the " Nagle mountains " are named. The former has been fitted up, and is now occupied by a respectable farmer. Of the ancient commandery, nothing now remains but a few fragments of a wall near the church. The celebrated Edmund Burke passed his early childhood at Ballyduff, in this parish, the seat of his maternal grandfather, where he remained about five years ; and received the first rudiments of his education at the ruined castle of Monanimy, in which a sort of hedge school was then held. He always retained a great partiality for these places, which he often revisited in subsequent years. — See Kealavollen.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 165

50. Edmund Burke's childhood at Ballyduff

    Ballyduff · townland · Cork

    The celebrated Edmund Burke spent his early childhood at Ballyduff, the seat of his maternal grandfather, remaining there about five years. He always retained a great partiality for these places and often revisited them.

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    The living is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of Cloyne, and in the patronage of the Bishop : the tithe rent-charge is £300. The church, a small neat building with a tower and spire, is situated on the northern bank of the Blackwater: it was erected in 181 1, on the site of an ancient commandery of Knights Hospitallers that formerly existed here, by aid of a gift of £800 from the Board of First Fruits ; it was new roofed and repaired in 18'27, by the parishioners. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish forms part of the district of Kealavollen, comprising also Clenore and Wallstown, and containing the chapels of Kealavollen and Anakissy : the latter is in the parish of Clenore ; the former, a small plain building, has been rebuilt on a site given by Jas. Hennessy, Esq. There is a small cottage residence for the parish priest. A school of about 80 children was till lately maintained by a bequest of £18 per annum from the late Jos. Nagle, Esq., of Ballygriffin, for 30 years from 1814. The castle of Monanimy is by some supposed to have been built by the Knights Templars ; while by others, it and the castle of Carrigacunna are said to have been erected by the Nagles, after whom the " Nagle mountains " are named. The former has been fitted up, and is now occupied by a respectable farmer. Of the ancient commandery, nothing now remains but a few fragments of a wall near the church. The celebrated Edmund Burke passed his early childhood at Ballyduff, in this parish, the seat of his maternal grandfather, where he remained about five years ; and received the first rudiments of his education at the ruined castle of Monanimy, in which a sort of hedge school was then held. He always retained a great partiality for these places, which he often revisited in subsequent years. — See Kealavollen.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 165

51. Edmund Malone's mausoleum at Kilbixy

    Kilbixy · townland · Westmeath

    Edmund Malone, the celebrated commentator on Shakespeare, is interred in the parish of Kilbixy. The Malone family has a handsome mausoleum near the church there.

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    plantations that extend to Lough Iron, which is one of its boundaries, and is a mile in length by half a mile in breadth, but very shallow. The land is arable and pasture, with a small quantity of bog : there is some limestone. The principal seats are, Baronstown, which was built by the Rt. Hon. Anthony Malone ; Tristernagh ; Rath ; Cummerstown ; and Carrickbawn. The living is a curacy, in the diocese of Meath, and in the patronage of Sir J. B. Piers, Bart., in whom the rectory is impropriate : the tithe rent-charge is £8'2. 10. The church is a handsome building, erected iu 1*98, at a cost of £10,000, of which £900 were a gift from the Board of First Fruits ; the remainder was given by the late Lord Sunderlin, who also gave the organ. There is a glebe-house, for the erection of which the Board of First Fruits, in 18l6, granted £450 as a gift and £50 as a loau ; the glebe comprises '20 acres. In the Roman Catholic divisions this parish is united with that of Templeoran, and is also called Sonna ; there are two chapels in the union, of which that of Kilbixy is in Ballinacargy. At Rath is a loan fund j also a society for spinning yarn, supported by subscriptions. Edmund Malone, the celebrated commentator on Shakspeare, is interred here, and the Malone family have a handsome mausoleum near the church. At Temple- Cross are the ruins of an ancient chapel. — See Ballinacargy.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 15

52. Edward Bruce Entertained at Louth Priory

    Louth · town · Louth · 1315–1488

    Edward Bruce and other leaders of the Scottish army were entertained at Louth in 1315 by the prior, who was afterwards pardoned by Edward II on payment of a fine of £40. In 1488, the prior received the king's pardon for involvement in the Lambert Simnel insurrection.

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    whom 718 are in the town. This place, called anciently Ktwckfir^us, and also (luain-Cftinn, was celebrated for an abbey founded by St. Patrick, over which he placed St. Mocteus or Mochtalugh, a Briton, who died at a very advanced age in 534. The monastery became an extensive seat of learning under the superintendence of St. Mocteus and his successors ; and it is said that 100 bishops and 300 presbyters, all eminent for learning and piety, were educated in this school. St. Dichull, who became abbot about the commencement of the Hth century, and several of his successors, were styled indifferently abbots or bishops ; and the monastery continued to flourish till 830, when it was pillaged by the Danes, by whom the abbey was destroyed in 839, and many of the brethren killed. In 96s, while in the possession of the Danes, the abbey was plundered by Muirceartagh, son of Donell, King of Ireland, who slew many of these invaders ; and in 1043, this place and the adjacent country were plundered by Andatus O'Ruairc, who was himself soon after slain. In 10*5, the town, with all its churches, was destroyed by fire ; and in 1133 and 1148 the abbey experienced a similar calamity, from which it never seems to have recovered. Donchad O'Kervaill, Prince of Orgial, and Edan OCoellaidhe. Bishop of Clogher, who had recently (in 1148) founded the abbey of Knock, jointly erected a priory for Canons Regular, which was subsequently made a sanctuary by Iklalachy, Archbishop of Armagh : the prior sat as a baron in parliament. The town was destroyed by fire in Ilo'^, 1160, and 1166, when it was also plundered ; and in 1'24'2, a grand chapter of the order was held in the priory of Louth by the Archbishop of Armagh, at which were assembled all the abbots and priors of the Canons Regular in the kingdom. Edward Bruce and other leaders of the Scottish army were entertained here, in 1315, by the prior, who was afterwards pardoned by Edward II. on payment of a fine of £40; and in 1488, the prior, who had been concerned in the insurrection of Lambert Simnel, received the king's pardon. John Wile, who had alienated a considerable portion of the revenues of the establishment, and who was prior at the time of the Dissolution, voluntarily resigned his office into the king's hands, and received a pension of £l6. 13. 4. for the remainder of his life; the priory, with all its revenues, was granted in the 33rd of Henry VIII. to Sir Oliver Plunkett, ancestor of the present proprietor.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 114

53. Edward Bruce halted at Trim during retreat

    Trim · town · Meath · 1315–1393

    Edward Bruce, in his retreat from Munster to the north of Ireland, halted for some days at Trim. In 1393, Roger de Mortimer, Earl of March and Ulster, received a grant of tolls for improving and fortifying the town as the capital of all Meath.

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    In the reign of Edward II., during Piers Gaveston 8 vice-regency, Richard, Earl of Ulster, held his court here with a degree of ostentatious parade highly alarming to the chief governor, to whom his collected followers appeared as a well-appointed and formidable retinue. Edward Bruce, in his retreat from Munster to the north of Ireland, halted for some days at Trim ; and in 1393, Roger de Mortimer, Earl of March and Ulster, received a grant of tolls for the purpose of improving and fortifying the town, as the capital of all Meath. Richard II., when last in Ireland, on receiving intelligence of the Earl of Hereford's landing in England, committed the young lords Gloucester and Henry of Lancaster, the latter afterwards Henry V., prisoners to the castles of this place. In 1407 a parliament convoked at Dublin was adjourned hither, to deliberate on the best means of repressing the aggressions of Art Mac Murrough. On the accession of Henry VI. a parliament was held here; and in the year 1425 the Earl of March and Ulster, then lord-lieutenant, died suddenly at this place while preparing to repel the incursions of the native septs into his territories. In 1447, a parliament was held in which various reformatory and sumptuary laws were enacted ; and in 1459 a mint was established in the town. Richard, Duke of York, father of Edward IV., while lord-lieutenant of Ireland, resided for some time at Trim, the palatine liberty of which was vested in him ; and in the reign of Henry VII. the townsmen favoured the imposition of Lambert Simnel, but were afterwards received into the king's favour. Parliaments were also held here in 14S4, 1487, and 1491. During the parliamentary war the town again became a place of military importance. In 1642 it was in the hands of the confederate Roman Catholic forces, who were expelled ; and in a subsequent skirmish to retain the place. Sir Chas. Coote, commander of the parliamentarian garrison, was killed by a ball supposed to have been from the musket of one of his own troopers. Soon after this, four royal commissioners sat in the town to meet the agents of the confederate Catholics, and receive their remonstrance and petition for the redress of grievances. After the massacre at Drogheda by Cromwell, in 1649, the town surrendered to that general, the garrison disregarding the instructions given by the Marquess of Ormonde to destroy the place rather than suffer it to fall into his hands.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 352

54. Edward Bruce ravaged Louth and was overthrown

    Louth · town · Louth

    In the reign of Edward II, the county was ravaged by the Scots under Edward Bruce. Bruce and his forces received their final overthrow from Sir John Birmingham in this county.

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    It appears from Ptolemy that the present couaty formed, in his time, part of the territory of the Voluntii, which extended southward to that of the Eblani. Louth was subsequently included in the independent sovereignty of Orgial, or Argial, called by the English Oriel or Uriel, constituting a large part of the province of Meath, and including also the counties of Armagh and Monaghan. This county is stated to have formed the subordinate territory of Conal Muirthemne, called also Hy Conal and Machmre-Conal, in which were the smaller districts of Fera Arda, or Fatharta, the present barony of Ferrard ; Hy Segan, or Hy Seanghain, that of Ardee ; Fera Lorg, Lorgan, or Lurgin, that of Lower Dundalk ; Hy Mac Uais, the country of the Mac Scanlans, that uf Upper Dundalk ; and Ludha, or Lugha, that of Louth, which was the country of the O'Carrols, chiefs of Argial. The last celebrated head of this race was Donchad O'Carrol, King of Argial, who founded the two great abbeys of Mellifont and Louth, and was likewise a prince of considerable prowess. Argial was conquered by John de Courcy, in 1183 ; and that part of it which is included within the limits of the present county of Louth (one of those erected by King John in 1210) being immediately peopled with English settlers, it continued ever after to be subject to the English jurisdiction. Thus, the ancient Argial was divided into Irish Argial and English Uriel. The latter, from its situation, being much exposed to the incursions of the native chiefs, numerous castles were erected for its defence ; but nevertheless, in the reign of Edward II., it was ravaged by the Scots under Edward Bruce, who, however, received their final overthrow from Sir John Birmingham in this county.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 114

55. Edward Bruce's 1315 landing at Larne and Olderfleet Castle

    near Larne · town · Antrim · 1315

    Larne is situated on Lough Larne, formerly called Olderfleet, which gave its name to a castle on the Curraan promontory. Edward Bruce landed here in 1315 with an army of 6,000 men to conquer Ireland, and Hugh Bisset forfeited his local possessions during the subsequent rebellion.

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    LARNE, a sea-port, market and post town, a parish, and the head of a union, in the barony of Upper Glenarm, county of Antrim, and province of Ulster, 1 1 miles (N.) from Carrickfergus, and 97 (N. by E.) from Dublin, on the road from Belfast to Ballycastle ; containing 3515 inhabitants, of whom 2937 are in the town, which extends into the parish of Inver, and contains altogether 3345 inhabitants. This place is situated on the shore of Lough Lame, which was formerly called Olderfleet and gave name to a castle budt on the extreme point of the promontory of Curraan, which forms the small bay adjacent to the town. This fortress, under the protection of which the town arose, is sup- 'posed to have been erected by a Scottish family named Bisset, to whom a settlement on this part of the coast had been granted by Henry III., and to have been subsequently improved by the English. Edward Bruce landed here in 1315, with an army of 6000 men for the conquest of Ireland ; and Hugh Bisset forfeited his possessions by taking part in the rebellion. These were subsequently claimed in right of the same family, by James Mac Donnell, Lord of Cantyre, and after his death were granted by Queen Elizabeth during her pleasure to his son Angus, on condition that he should carry arms only under the crown of England, and pay 207

    L A R \

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 64

56. Edward II grants murage to Tipperary town, 1310

    Tipperary · town · Tipperary · 1310–1540

    Edward II granted corporation status and murage rights to the Bailiffs and Good Men of Tipperary in 1310. The town was subsequently burnt by Breyn O'Breyn in 1329. The Augustinian monastery subsisted until the Dissolution, when Henry VIII granted it to Dermot Ryan at a yearly rent of eightpence.

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    had formerly a corporation, from a grant made in 1310 by Edward II. to " the Bailiffs and Good Men of Typcrary," allowing them " murage (as Adare) for three years." In I3'29 the town was burnt by Breyn O'Breyn ; but the monastery appears to have subsisted till the Dissolution, when it was granted by Henry VIII. to Dermot Ryan, at a yearly rent of eightpcnce.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 343

57. Edward III grants Cocket customs for Waterford quays and walls

    Waterford · city · Waterford · 1337

    In 1337 Edward III bestowed the custom called Cocket on the citizens of Waterford for ten years, for the repair of the quays and inclosing the city. This was part of a series of royal confirmations extending the privileges of the port.

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    lf^Mls^.'\ ^ ^■''"■•''-■'•' """^ '»>•*' •' g'-a"'«'d >siiS^^[^X,El'!-.V, the citizens certain customs for murage for seven years, to assist them in fortifying the town. Edward HI., by writ issued in the '2nd of his reign, directed that the mayor should be annually elected by the citizens, and sworn in before the commons, unless the Lords Justices, or one of the barons of the exchequer, might be in the city at the time. The same monarch, in the 30th of his reign, confirmed by charter all previous grants, and in the 38th and 45fh extended the privileges of the port; in 13*7 he bestowed the custom called Cockct, for ten years, on the citizens, for the repair of the quays and inclosing the city. Richard II., in l;S80, confirmed the charter of Henry III. ; and in the following year granted the corporation licence to sell wine, and, in 1385, all the customs of things sold here for 24 years, to be expended on the fortifications of the city.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 384

58. Edward IV made Kilmallock a royal mint town

    Kilmallock · town · Limerick · 1461–1483

    Edward IV re-incorporated Kilmallock after losses sustained defending the town, and made it one of the cities in which he established a royal mint. In 1483 it was enumerated among the principal towns where a coin of Richard III was made current by act of parliament.

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    and having four gateway-towers of lofty and imposing character, called respectively St. John's gate, Water-gate, I\ y-gate, and Blosom's-gate ; of which only the last is now remaining. In 1'291, a Dominican monastery was founded to the east of the town, by Gilbert, son of John of Callan, Lord of Offaley, which was soon after amply endowed ; a general chapter of the order was held in it in 1340, and it continued to flourish till the Dissolution, when it was given by Elizabeth to the corporation. The inhabitants obtained a grant of tolls for murage in 148'2; and in consideration of the losses they had sustained in defending the town against the assaults of the enemy, they were again incorporated by Edward IV., who also made Kilmallock one of the cities in which he established a royal mint. In 14S3, it is enumerated among the principal towns where a coin of Richard III., then recently struck, was by act of parliament made current.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 43

59. Elegant seats of St. Patrick's parish: Park House, Corbally

    Corbally · townland · Limerick

    The parish of St. Patrick's near Limerick contains several very elegant seats with small but highly ornamented demesnes, the principal being Park House, Corbally House, and Corbally Park.

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    there are several very elegant seats, with small but highly ornamented demesnes ; the principal are Park House, Corbally House, and Corbally Park.

    The living is a rectory and perpetual cure, in the diocese of Limerick. The rectory was united, at a period prior to any known record, to the entire rectory of Cahirvally, the rectory and vicarage of Emly-Grenan, and the chapelry of Kilquane, which union till lately constituted the corps of the treasurership of the cathedral of Limerick, in the patronage of the Bishop, who is also patron of the perpetual cure, which comprises the parishes of St. Patrick and Kilquane. Cahirvally and Emly-Grenan, are now unconnected with the treasurership. The tithe rent- charge of St. Patrick's parish is £118. The church has been in ruins since the war of 1641, when it was destroyed together with an adjoining round tower : the cemetery is used as a place of burial for Roman Catholics. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish is the head of a district, comprising this parish and those of Kilmurry and Derrygalvin, in which union are two chapels. Singland was the scene of a battle fought in 943 between the Munster Irish and the Danes, the latter of whom were defeated, driven into the town, and forced to pay a heavy contribution. Cromwell, Ireton, William III., and de Ginkell all had their camps and intrenchments here when they invested Limerick ; military weapons have consequently been frequently found in the grounds. Some remains of the ancient military roads from Dublin and from Cork which passed through the parish are still traceable. The lands of Singland are held under the vicars-choral of Limerick by a lease, from which that body derives httle advantage.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 230

60. Elizabethan charter of incorporation for Maryborough

    Portlaoise · municipal district · Laois · 1570–1635

    Queen Elizabeth granted the inhabitants of Maryborough a charter of incorporation in 1570, conferring privileges equal to those of Naas, Drogheda, and Dundalk, including a Thursday market. Charles I later granted two fairs in 1635.

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    MARYBOROUGH, a market and post town (formerly a parliamentary borough), and a parish, in the union of Mountmellick, barony of East Maryborough, Queen's county, and province of Leinster, IQi miles (W.) from Mhy', and 40 (S. W.) from Dublin, on the road to Roscrea and Limerick ; containing 5'264 inhabitants, of whom 3633 are in the town. This place derived its importance and its name from the erection of the ancient territory of Leix, by act of parliament of the 5th and 6th of Philip and Mary, into the Queen's county, of which it was constituted the county and assize town ; and was called Maryborough in honour of the queen. The town jippears to have been selected for this purpose both from its central situation and its proximity to a strong fortress, which had been recently erected to retain in obedience to the English crown this portion of the country, which had been reduced by the Earl of Sussex. In 1570, Queen Elizabeth granted to the inhabitants a charter of incorporation, which conferred upon them all the privileges enjoyed by those of Naas, Drogheda, and Dundalk, together with a market on Thursday; and in 1635, the corporation obtained from Charles I. a grant of two fairs. On the breaking out of the war in 1641, this was one of the places held by the confederate Catholics : it was seized by Owen Roe O'Nial in 1646, but was subsequently retaken by Lord Castlehaveu ; and in 1650, the fortress was taken by the parliamentarian troops under Colonels Reynolds and Hewson, by whom it was entirely demolished. The TOWN, which is situated on a river tributary to the Barrow, contains 619 houses, irregularly built, and of indifferent appearance ; the streets are narrow and in- 307

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 139