A topographical dictionary of Ireland : comprising the several counties; cities; boroughs; corporate, market and post towns; parishes; and villages, with historical and statistical descriptions embellished with engravings of the arms of the cities, bishopricks, corporate towns, and boroughs ; and of the seals of the several municipal corporations .. (vol. 2)

Each story keeps the passage it was read from. Open one to read it as the scan has it, and, where the companion has written its own telling, that too. The passages are read off photographs of the page by machine, so a word here and there comes out wrong; they are kept as the reading produced them, so you can check any of them against the scan.

1. Finlough seat situated on the lake

   Finlough · townland · Clare

   Finloe or Finlough, one of several seats in the parish of Tomfinloe, is situated on the lake of that name, distinguishing it among the local landed residences of County Clare.

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   TOMFINLOE, or Tomfinlogh, a parish, in the union of Ennis, barony of Lower Bunratty, county of Clare, and province of Munster, 4 miles (N. W.) from Six-mile-bridge, on the road to Ennis ; containing, with the town of Nevvmarket-on-Fergus, 4401 inhabitants. It comprises 6736 statute acres. The land is in general rich, and chiefly in pasture ; there is, however, some craggy land and bog : the state of agriculture is much improved, chiefly owing to the example and exertions of the late Sir Edward O'Brien, of Dromoland, Bart. Fairs and petty-sessions are held at Newmarket, which see. Besides the seats noticed under the head of Newmarket, the following are in this vicinity ; Ballycar, Shepperton, Ralahine, Caherbane, Carrigeary, and Finloe or Finlough, the last situated on the lake of that name. The parish is in the diocese of Killaloe. Part of the rectory was episcopally united, in 1802, to those of Kilnasoolagh, Kilconry, Kilmaleery, Clonloghan, Dromline, Fiuogh, and Bunratty, together constituting the rectorial union of Tradree or Traddery, also called the union of Tomfinlogh, and in the patronage of the Wyndham family ; the remainder of the rectory is appropriate to the bishop's mensal. The vicarage forms part of the union of Kilfinaghty. The tithe rent-charge of the parish is £107. 1., of which £46. 7. are payable to the rector, £23. 4. to the vicar, and the remainder to the bishop ; the gross tithe of the rectorial benefice amounts to £509. 1. Adjoining the ruins of the church is a glebe of 2f acres. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish forms part of the district of Newmarket : the chapel, a spacious building, is situated in the town. The old castle of Ralahine still exists ; and on Mohawn Hill is an ancient fort or rath of considerable dimensions.

   Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 344

2. Fintona granted as manor of Touchet to James Mervyn

   near Fintona · town · Tyrone · 1631

   After Lord Castlehaven's grant reverted, Charles I in 1631 granted the greater part of Fintona (or Ballynahatty) to James Mervyn under the name of the manor of Touchet. Colonel Archdall, descendant of the grantee, was lord of the manor at the time of writing.

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   On the plantation of Ulster in 1609, the town, with its surrounding district, was granted to Lord Castlehaven in the following divisions ; '2000 acres at Addergoole, being Omagh and the adjoining townlands ; 2000 acres at Fintona ; 2000 at Brade ; and 3000 at Ravone. But this nobleman having neglected to erect castles and settle British subjects on the land, according to the articles of plantation, the grant reverted to the crown ; and the district of Addergoole was granted by Charles I., in 1631, to James Mervyn, Esq., under the name of the manor of Arleston or Audleston ; and the greater part of Fintona or Ballynahatty, to the same person, under the name of the manor of Touchet. Colonel Archdall, the descendant of the grantee, is now lord of the manor. In 1641, Sir Phelim O'Nial, shortly after the commencement of the war, marched against the castle of Omagh, which, by an immediate surrender, escaped the sufferings inflicted on those places in the county that made a more vigorous resistance. James II. passed through the town in the spring of 1689, on his march northward to Strabane. The garrison which he placed here was soon afterwards driven out with great slaughter, but before they evacuated the place the soldiers set it on fire and destroyed it, with the church and the castle built by Mervyn. In 17-13, the town, having been rebuilt in the intermediate period, was again destroyed by fire, two houses only escaping the flames. It was however soon rebuilt on a new plan, and has become a thriving and rapidly improving place.

   Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 221

3. Fire destroys Cork Street, Kinsale, 1494

   Kinsale · town · Cork · 1494

   In 1494, Kinsale was partly consumed by a fire which destroyed Cork Street in the town.

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   curporation all such rights and privileges as were enjoyed by the citizens of Cork. Tlie inhabitants having countenanced the pretensions of Lambert Sinincl, Sir Richard Edgecumbe arrived here on the '27th of June, 1488, with five ships and 500 men, to exact new oaths of allegiance from the Irish leaders ; and on the day following, the townsmen, having sworn fealty to Ilcnry VII. in the church of St. Multosia, and entered into recognizances, received a pardon ; but they were compelled by the Earl of Kildare to renew their oaths in 1498. The town was partly consumed in l.'i94 by a fire which destroyed Cork street.

   Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 59

4. Fires and rebuilding in Limerick under James I

   Limerick · city · Limerick · 1618–1620

   From the start of James I's reign until the 1641 war, Limerick enjoyed undisturbed tranquillity. Despite accidental conflagrations in 1618 and 1620, considerable improvement in building construction and public works took place.

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   On the arrival of Sir William Pelham, Lord-Deputy, in 1579, the mayor appeared before him attended by 1000 citizens well armed; and in 1584, the city militia amounted to SOO men, being double that of Cork, and a third more than that of Waterford, demonstrating that Limerick was then the most important city in the island next ta Dublin. During the Earl of Desmond's rebellion, the city was for some time the head-quarters of the English army. From the commencement of the reign of James I. until the war of 1641, it enjoyed undisturbed tranquillity : and notwithstanding accidental conflagrations, in 1618 and 16»0, considerable improvement in the construction of buildings and public works took place. The customs' duties for the year ending Lady-day, 1633, amounted to no less a sum than £1619. 1. "f. In 1636 the city was visited by the Lord-

   Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 75

5. First cotton-mill in Ireland erected at Whitehouse

   Whitehouse · townland · Antrim · 1784

   Whitehouse, a village on Belfast Lough in County Antrim, was the site of the first cotton-mill established in Ireland, erected in 1784 by Mr. Nicholas Grimshaw. The extensive works employed over 1000 persons in spinning and weaving before flax eventually superseded the cotton industry.

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   WHITEHOUSE, a village, in the parish of Carn- MONEY', union of Belfast, barony of Lower Belfast, county of Antrim, and province of Ulster, 3 miles (N. E.) from Belfast, on the road to Carrickfergus ; containing about 132 inhabitants. It is situated on the shore of Belfast lough, and is principally occupied by the proprietors and workpeople of the factories. The first cotton-mill established in Ireland was erected here, in 1784, by Mr. Nicholas Grimshaw, by whose sons the manufacture was subsequently carried on in all its branches ; the buildings were very extensive, and the spinning of yarn and weaving of cotton and muslin latterly afforded employment to above 1000 persons. Here were also some very large print-works, erected by another of Mr. Grimshaw's sons, in which more than 200 persons were employed. The village now partakes with the villages of WMiite Abbey and BallydufF, and with Monkstown and Mossley, in the spinning of flax, which has entirely superseded the former cotton and printing establishments. The place is neatly built, and its inhabitants are in comfortable circumstances. It has a receiving-house for letters under Belfast and Carrickfergus ; petty-sessions are held every three weeks, and there is a coast-guard station, being one of eight in the district of Carrickfergus. A handsome church has been built and endowed at a cost of £2000 raised by subscription.

   WHITESTOWN, a village, in the parish of Carlingford, union ofDuNDALK, barony of Lower Dun- DALK, county of Louth, and province of Leinster, 3| miles (S. E.) from Carlingford ; containing 334 inhabitants. It is situated near the eastern coast, and entrance to the bay of Carlingford ; and comprises 62 houses, mostly inhabited by farmers and agricultural labourers.

   Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 403

6. First Earl of Kildare died at Maynooth 1316

   Maynooth · town · Kildare · 1316

   John, the first earl of Kildare, died at Maynooth in September 1316. His patent of title, dated 14 May 1316, was described by Selden as the most ancient form of creation he had ever seen.

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   Wexford and Wicklow were soon lost ; their estates in southern Kildare were not acquired till the 14th century ; but the manor and plains of Maynooth have been held by the heads of that family, in direct succession, for six centuries and a half. Gerald Fitz-Maurice, first baron of OfTaley, son of Maurice Fitzgerald who commanded in the army of invasion, and himself for awhile Strongbow's companion in arms, transmitted at his death, in 1'205, the manor of Maynooth and its appurtenances to his son Maurice, who obtained possession by virtue of a royal mandate dated Nov. '26th, 1'216. His son, Gerald, Lord Offalcy, obtained from Edward I. a patent dated May 9th, 1'286, for holding in his manor of Maynooth a market on Fridays, and a fair for three successive days on the vigil, the feast, and the morrow of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin, the 7th, 8th, and 9th of September. It was here that John, the first earl of Kildare, the patent of whose title, dated May 14, 1316, Selden says, was " the ancicntest form of creation he had ever seen," died in September of that year ; and here John, the sixth earl, built between the years 1410 and 1426 a magnificent castle, whose lofty massive ruins still adorn the town.

   Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 142

7. First prelate of Kilmore diocese, 1231

   Kilmore · townland · Cavan · 1231

   Florence O'Conacty, the first known prelate of the diocese, succeeded in 1231 and was styled Bishop of Breffny from the territory in which the see was situated. His successors were also known as bishops of Triburna, from a small village near which they resided.

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   The Diocese of Kilmore does not appear to be of very ancient foundation ; the first prelate of whom any mention occurs is FlorenceO'Conacty, who succeeded in 1231. He bore the designation of Bishop of Brelfny, from the territory of that name, in which the see was situated ; and his successors are styled indifferently Breffnienses, and Triburnenses, or bishops of Triburna, from the small village of that name, near which they generally resided. The first who was styled Bishop of Kilmore was Andrew MacBrady, who, in 1454, with the consent of Pope Nicholas V., converted the parish church of St. Felimy, or Fedlimid, of Kilmore, into a cathedral church, in which he placed 13 secular canons ; and since that period Kilmore has given name to the see. From the unsettled state of the district which constituted this diocese, it was not affected by the Reformation so soon as others, and it continued under the control of the bishop appointed by the Pope till 1585, when John Garvey, Dean of Christ Church, Dublin, was appointed the first Protestant bishop. On his translation to the see of Armagh, this diocese remained without a bishop for fourteen years, during which period it was annexed to the bishopric of Down and Connor, till the appointment of Robert Draper, who obtained this see, together with that of Ardagh, by letters -patent of James I. In 1643 the see of Ardagh was united to that of Kilmore, and it continued to be held therewith till 1752, when it was annexed in commendam to the archbishopric of Tuam : at present, the bishop of Kilmore holds the sees of Elphin and Ardagh. Among the most eminent prelates were the venerable Bishop Bedell, and Bishops Sheridan and Cumberland.

   Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 47

8. Fishermen's houses and pier built at Helvick Head, 1828

   Helvick Head · promontory · Waterford · 1828

   In 1828, about a dozen houses were built near Helvick Head to accommodate fishermen, and a pier was simultaneously erected to form a harbour for their boats. Both were constructed by Lord Stuart de Decies, the principal landed proprietor of the parish of Ringagonagh.

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   RINGAGONAGH, or Ring, a parish, in the union of DuNGARVAN, partly in the barony of DECiES-within- Dru.m, but chiefly in that of DECiES-without-DRUM, county of Wateuford, and province of Munster, ."> miles (S. S. E.) from Dungarvan ; containing '2591 inhabitants. This parish, which is called also Riueogonagh, is bounded on the north by Dungarvan bay and harbour, and on the north-west by the Bricky river ; and comprises 3246 statute acres. It contains a portion of Slieve-Grine, or the Drum mountain ; and stretching into Dungarvan bay are the long promontories of Helvick Head and Cunnigar. Part of the land, more especially that l)ordering on Dungarvan, is of good quality and in a high state of cultivation ; the system of agriculture is improved, and, within the last few years, some of the highest hills have been brought into cultivation. The principal manure is sand and seaweed, which are found in abundance in the bay and on the coast ; during the greater part of May and June, from 50 to 100 boats are employed in collecting and conveying the weed to Dungarvan for sale, and frequently a revenue of £50 a day is thus derived by the parish. The surrounding scenery is bold, and in many parts strikingly romantic and picturesque. The herringfishery is carried on to a considerable extent : from 40 to 50 boats are engaged in taking the fish, which are found here in abundance, and cured ; not less than '200 persons are employed in that trade. Near Helvick Head about a dozen houses were built, in lb'2S, for the accommodation of the fishermen; and a pier was at the same time erected to form a harbour for their boats, by Lord Stuart de Decies, the principal landed proprietor of the parish. A coast-guard station has been established, which is one of the five constituting the district of Youghal. Between the village of Ring and the Black Rock, which stands at the mouth of the harbour of Dungarvan, about midway, lies a dangerous ledge of rocks on which several vessels have been lately lost ; the rocks are partially visible at the lowest spring tides : a lighthouse here is very desirable. The living is a vicarage, in the diocese of Lismore, and in the patronage of the Duke of Devonshire, in whom the rectory is impropriate : the tithe rent-charge is £166. 3., two-thirds payable to the impropriator, and one-third to the vicar. There is no glebe- house ; the glebe consists of 1^ acre. The church was rebuilt in IS'2'2, the late Board of First Fruits contributing £600 ; it is a plain and neat edifice. The Roman Catholic parish is much more extensive than that of the Established Church, as it includes Ballycurreen and a large tract of the mountain of Slieve-Griiie ; the chapel is a modern edifice, situated on an eminence. Near the church is a well dedicated to St. Nicholas; and on an eminence in the parish is an artificial cavern.

   Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 258

9. Fishing disaster off Killaghtee coast, 1814

   Killaghtee · townland · Donegal · 1814

   On 12 February 1814, twenty fishing-boats and forty-three men were lost in a squall off the coast of Killaghtee parish. Many of the inhabitants were employed in fishing.

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   KILLAGHTEE, a parish, in the barony of Ban- NAGH, union and county of Donegal, and province of Ulster, 3 miles (E.) from Killybegs, and on the northwest coast ; containing, with the village of Dunkanely, 5805 inhabitants. It comprises, with a detached portion, 13,368 statute acres, about half of which is mountain land : there is a great quantity of bog ; also much coarse limestone and freestone, used for building. Within the parish is St. John's Point, on which is a lighthouse, in lat. 54° 33' 15" and Ion. S° 26', with a bright fi.ved light, 104 feet above the level of the sea at high water, and visible fourteen nautical miles. Inver bay commences at this point, and extends eastward to Devrin Point, while westward is Mac Swine's bay : many of the inhabitants are employed in fishing, and on the 12th of Feb., 1814, twenty fishing-boats and forty-three men were lost in a squall. The living is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of Raphoe, and in the patronage of the Bishop: the tithe rent-charge is £195. The church is a neat building, erected in 182", at a cost of £1000, being a loan from the late Board of First Fruits. There is a neat glebe-house, with a glebe of 472 acres, which contains a strong sulphureous spa. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish forms part of the district of Killybegs j a large chapel was lately built ; and there is a place of worship for Wesleyan Methodists at Dunkanely. One of several public schools is aided by donations from Robertson's fund. — See Dcn-

   Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 32

10. Fitz-Eustace castle at Naas vicarage

    Naas · town · Kildare

    The castle of the Fitz-Eustaces still stands at the back entrance to the vicarage at Naas. It has been slated and is used as a dwelling; the adjoining lands belong to the Eustaces, once viscounts of Baltinglass.

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    The chief remains of antiquity are, the moat, and St. David's Castle, the present glebe-house. Near the old gaol is a modernised house, now a medical establishment, which was one of the castles of this place. The castle of the Fitz-Eustaces still stands ; it has been slated, and is used as a dwelling, at the back entrance to the vicarage : the lands adjoining are the property of the Eustaces, once viscounts of Baltinglass. All the other castles have long since disappeared in the progressive improvements of the town, and there are no remains of any of the monasteries, all of which subsisted till the Dissolution. The rath, in the centre of the town, is a high conical mount, w here the States of Leinster are said to have held their general assemblies ; at the foot of it was a religious house, St. John's Abbey, of which only the cemetery is now remaining. About a mile from the town, on the Limerick road, is Jigginstown, a spacious brick mansion, commenced by the unfortunate Earl of Strafford, but never finished ; the walls and the vaulted cellars, from the e.xcellent quality of the bricks and cement, are still in a very perfect state. The earl, in his " Letters from Ireland," addresses one to Charles I., whom he invites to " his cottage (then being built) near the Curragh :'" this ruined palace, and a considerable property adjoining, still belong to Lord Strafford's hneal descendant, the Earl Fitzwilliam. Naas gives the title of Baron and ■\'iscount to the Earl of Mayo. 381

    NALTEEN.— See Nilteen.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 194

11. Fitzgerald castle ruins and Mount Rice, Lackagh, Kildare

    Lackagh · parish · Kildare

    In the parish of Lackagh, county Kildare, there are remains of a castle that belonged to the Fitzgerald family, and of Mount Rice, a large mansion erected by the Rice family. The parish lies on the road from Kildare to Monastereven and on the Grand Canal.

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    LACKAGH, a parish, in the union of Athv, barony of West Oi-haly, county of Kii.dare, and province of Leinster, 2| miles (\V.) from Kildare ; on the road to Monastereven, and on the Grand Canal ; containing 1595 inhabitants. It comprises 8316 statute acres. The living is a rectory, in the diocese of Kildare, united to the vicarage of Doneny, and in the gift of the Archbishop ; the tithe rent-charge of Lackagh is £193. 16. 11., and the value of the whole benefice £'2'26. II. .'). The glebe-house was erected by aid of a loan of £415 and a gift of £323 from the Board of First Fruits, in I8I6; the glebe of the union comprises 19 acres. The church was rebuilt by aid of a grant from the same Board, in 1838. There are some remains of a castle that belonged to the Fitzgeralds ; and of Mount Rice, a large mansion erected by the Rice family.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 62

12. Fitzgerald castle ruins near Stradbally

    Stradbally · town · Waterford

    Two miles south-west of Stradbally village in Waterford, on a very steep cliff, are the ruins of a castle built by the Fitzgeralds. Its Irish name signifies 'the house of fortification' and it was defended on the land side by a deep trench with a drawbridge.

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    interest from having been the place of refuge of the Fitzgeralds. At Ballivoney, traces of an extensive building are visible, extending in length 180 feet, and in breadth 90, with an open wall in front ; it is supposed to have belonged to the Knights Templars. Two miles south-west of the village, on a very steep cliff, are the ruins of a castle (the Irish name of which signifies "the house of fortification") built by the Fitzgeralds, and defended on the land side by a deep trench, over which was a drawbridge. At Carrigahilla is a relic supposed to be Druidical, consisting of an oval inclosure, 1 8'2 yards long by 33 broad, having a large upright stone in the centre and several smaller ones around it. One of the brotherhood of the Augustine friars, ruins of whose abbey are in the churchyard, was called the " White Friar," and is the hero of many legendary tales.

    STRADE, county Mayo. — See Templemore.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 301

13. Fitzmartin castle and town walls at Kilcullen

    Kilcullen · town · Kildare

    Soon after the Norman invasion a castle was erected at Kilcullen by the Fitzmartins, later passing to the Fitz-Eustace family. The town was surrounded with strong walls and seven gates before 1319, when a bridge built by Maurice Jaques over the Liffey caused the old town to decline.

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    KILCULLEX, a parish, in the union of Naas, barony of Kilcullen, county of Kildahe, and province of Leinster, 8 miles (S. S. W.) from Naas, and on the coach-road from Dublin to Athy and Carlow ; containing 30'20 inhabitants. This place, which since the erection of the new town of Kiluullen-Bridge, has been called Old KilcuUen, derived its name from the foundation of a church and monastery in the district of Coulan, of which St. Patrick appointed St. Isernine bishop ; Isernine died in 469, and was succeeded by St. Mactalius. The monastery, and the town which grew up around it, were plundered repeatedly by the Danes, between the years 883 and 1037; but when the English obtained a settlement in the country, the town was fortified, and greatly increased in importance. Soon after the invasion, a castle was erected here by the Fitzmartins, which eventually became the property of the Fitz-Eustace family, of whom Thomas Fitz-Eustace, afterwards Viscount Baltinglass, was created Baron of Kilculleu by Henry VIII. Previously to the year 1319, the town was surrounded with strong walls and defended by seven gates ; but Maurice Jaques having in that year built a bridge over the river Liffey, about two miles from this place, the town of KilcuUen-Bridge began rapidly to increase, and the ancient town to decline. During the civil war the castle was garrisoned for the parliamentarians, in 1641, but was taken two years afterwards by the Marquess of Ormonde. In the same year, the commissioners appointed to treat for a cessation of hostilities assembled here, but afterwards adjourned to Jigginstown, near Naas ; and in 1647 the castle was taken and burnt by the parliamentarians. In the disturbances of 1798, a large number of the insurgents posted themselves in the churchyard, on the summit of a very steep hill, and Captains Erskine and Cookes, who advanced to dislodge them, were killed in the attempt, and their party repulsed. The insurgents afterwards assembled in great numbers on the heights above the town, from which, however, they were driven with great loss by General Dundas, who was stationed here ; and several thousands of them subsequently surrendered to him on the hill of Knockawlin, about a mile distant, where they had occupied an intrenched camp. The town, which stood on a bleak eminence in a very commanding position, is now only an insignificant village ; its market, which belongs by patent to the Rev. Thomas O'Moore, has been removed to Kilcullen-Bridge, and fairs only are now held here on June 22nd and Oct. 2nd.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 18

14. Fitz-Maurice submits at church of St. Peter and St. Paul

    Kilmallock · town · Limerick · 1572

    In 1572, Sir J. Perrot, first lord-president of Munster, compelled Fitz-Maurice to surrender and make his submission to the queen's mercy in the church of St. Peter and St. Paul at Kilmallock.

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    During the wars in the reign of Elizabeth, the town was a principal military station of the English, and the garrison was frequently emploj'ed in the most important services. The place was taken by surprise, in lr>6S, by James Fitz-Maurice, who put the sovereign and several of the principal inhabitants to death, and burned the town in order to prevent its occupation by the Lord- Deputy, who was marching against him from Buttevant. It was, however, restored by the encouragement of Sir Henry Sydney, lord-deputy, who left a garrison for its defence; and in 157"2, Sir J. Perrot, the first lord-president of Munster, compelled Fitz-Maurice to surrender, and to make his submission to the queen's mercy in the church of St. Peter and St. Paul. In 1597, Sir W. Drury came hither with a force of 900 men, to oppose Sir John of Desmond with his Spanish and Irish forces, and issued a proclamation summoning all the nobility and gentry of Munster to repair to his standard. Sir W. Pelham, who succeeded him, issued another proclamation to the same purpose ; and Gerald, 16th earl of Desmond, declining to obey, was declared a rebel unless he surrendered himself within 20 days ; on failing to comply with which, his vast estates, consisting of 570,000 plantation acres, were forfeited to the crown, and the earl and his countess suffered the severest hardships, secreting themselves in the woods and mountains around the town. Sir Nicholas Malby, who succeeded to the command of the forces, leaving a garrison of 340 men here, pursued, with the remainder of his forces, the troops under Sir John of Desmond, whom he defeated at Manister-Nenagh ; and in 1582, a detachment of the garrison attacked the earl in his retreat at day-break, slew his servants, carried off his provisions, and would have taken himself and his countess prisoners, had they not escaped by concealmg themselves in the river, immersed up to their chins behind one of its banks. In 1584, after the death of the carl, Ehzabeth granted the town a new charter, with some extensive tracts of land, and various tolls and customs ; empowering the inhabitants to elect a sovereign, to hold courts of record with jurisdiction not exceeding £20, to levy assessments for the repair of the fortifications, and grant licences for the distillation of spirituous liquors ; and conferring various other privileges, as ample as those of Kilkenny and Clonmel, with e-vemption from all ta.\es except those assessed by parliament. 136

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 43

15. Fitz-William attaints and executes Mac Mahon

    Monaghan · town · Monaghan · 1568–1603

    During a progress through Ulster in the reign of Elizabeth, the Lord-Deputy Fitz-William caused Mac Mahon to be attainted and executed for high treason. The county was then divided according to the baronial arrangement which it still retains, the lands allotted among Irish occupiers and English settlers.

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    The county remained in the same state until the time of Elizabeth, in the 11th of whose reign, the parts of Ulster that had not previously acknowledged the queen's authority, were reduced into seven shires, of which Monaghan was one. Afterwards, later in the reign, the Lord-Deputy Fitz-William, during a progress through this part of Ulster, caused Mac Mahon to be attainted and executed for high treason, and the county to be divided according to the baronial arrangement which it still retains, the lands to be allotted among the Irish occupiers and English settlers, and to be held according to the tenures of the law of England. Under this adjustment, the particulars of which are still extant in the original document, the five baronies contained one hundred " ballibetaghs," a term applied by the Irish to a tract of land sufficient to maintain hospitality, each bal-

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 158

16. Five ancient round towers in County Kildare

    Kildare · town · Kildare

    Five ancient round towers survive as relics of antiquity in County Kildare, situated at Kildare, Taghadoe, Kilcullen, Oughtcrard, and Castledermot. The tower at Kildare is noted as the most remarkable of the five.

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    Among the existing relics of antiquity are five ancient round towers, situated at Kildare, Taghadoe, Kilcullen, Oughtcrard, and Castledermot ; the first is the most remarkable. Raths are numerous. Three miles south-east of Athy, that called the Moat of Aniscvll stands prominent. A mile farther is the Hill of Carnion, which was the Naaateighun, or place where the assembly of the states of the southern part of Leinster was held : 50

    K 1 L— D A

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 20

17. Five-arch bridge with ancient defensive towers

    Thomastown · town · Kilkenny

    A handsome stone bridge of five arches spans the river at Thomastown, with an ancient square tower at each end formerly connected to the town's fortifications. The bridge was a key feature of the town's medieval defences.

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    river is a handsome stone bridge of five arches, built in ITQ'i, and having at each end an ancient square tower, formerly connected with the fortifications by which the town was surrounded.

    A very considerable trade was once carried on, and the town was the commercial depot for the county of Kilkenny ; flat-bottomed boats of an aggregate burthen of 11,000 tons were constantly employed in conveying goods from the town, besides many others which did not belong to it. But the river is now choked up with deposits of sand. Inistioge has become the head of the navigation of the Nore, and the boats employed on the river at this place do not exceed an aggregate burthen of 150 tons ; the goods are now convej'ed on Scotch cars by land from Waterford to Kilkenny. The improvement of the navigation of the Nore would tend greatly to the revival and extension of the trade of the town, and to the development of the resources of the county, which is rich in marble, coal, culm, slate, and limestone, for which, in addition to the agricultural produce, it would afford facilities of conveyance to the neighbouring ports. It has been estimated that the clearing of the channel of the river, which would open the navigation from New Ross to this town for flatbottomed steam-boats of 70 tons' burthen, might be accomplished at an expense of £12,000, and would effect, by a reduction of the charges for freight and the discontinuance of land-carriage, a saving of at least £10,000 per annum. There are several large flour-mills worked by water in the town and its vicinity, and also two breweries, and a tan-yard. The marketdays are Monday and Saturday ; and fairs are held on March 17th, May ^Sth, June 29th (a large wool fair), and September 1.5th.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 331

18. Five great forests of Leitrim named in 1605

    Leitrim · town · Leitrim · 1605

    In 1605, five extensive forests were recorded in Leitrim under the names Drummat, Clone, Drumdaragh, Cortmore, and Screeney. All had long since disappeared by the 1830s, leaving the county with a bleak and denuded aspect.

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    Leitrim was formerly celebrated for its numerous and extensive forests. So lately as 1605, five are distinctly mentioned as being of very considerable extent, under the names of the forests of Drummat, Clone, Drumdaragh, Cortmore, and Screeney ; all of these have long since disappeared, and this county, like the rest of Connaught, presents a bleak and denuded aspect. Yet vestiges of woods are seen around Lurganboy and Woodville, which have some appearance of the remains of ancient forests ; aud there are old plantations, containing full-grown timber, in various parts, with others of modern growth around some of the mansions of the gentry : there arer also several nurseries. An orchard and a good kitchen-garden are a usual appendage to the farmhouse.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 70

19. Flagstone quarries at Kellymount and Shankill

    Kellymount · townland · Kilkenny

    The principal flagstone quarries in County Kilkenny are located at Kellymount and Shankill. Their produce is sent by the Barrow navigation to Dublin, Waterford and other places, and is generally sold under the name of Carlow flags.

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    SHANKILL, or St. Kill, a parish, in the barony of GowRAN, union and county of Kilkenny, and province of Leinster, 3 miles (S. W.) from Bagnalstown, on the road to Kilkenny ; containing 2586 inhabitants. The parish comprises 6489 statute acres. At Kellymount and Shankill are some of the principal flagstonequarries in the county, the produce of which is chiefly sent by the Barrow navigation to Dublin, Waterford, and other places, and generally sold under the name of Carlow flags. Limestone is also quarried ; and a considerable quantity of stone, coal, and culm, is obtained at Bornafea : light turf is procured on the hills. The seats are, Shankill Castle, a handsome residence; and Kellymount. There is a station of the constabulary police within the limits of the parish. The living is a rectory, in the diocese of Leighlin, and in the gift of the Crown : the tithe rent-charge is £325. 10. ; there is neither glebe-house nor glebe. The church, towards the erection of which, in 18U, the late Board of First Fruits contributed £800, is a plain neat edifice. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish forms part of the district of Grange Silvae, and has a chapel in the village of Paulstown, which place is partly in this parish, and partly in that of Kilinocahill. 509

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 276

20. Flannel hall at Rathdrum built by Earl Fitzwilliam

    Rathdrum · town · Wicklow

    A handsome flannel-hall was erected at Rathdrum by the late Earl Fitzwilliam for the formerly considerable flannel and frieze manufactures, which had entirely declined by the time of writing.

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    The flannel and frieze manufactures were formerly of considerable extent, the chief market for their produce being Rathdrum, where a handsome flannel-hall was erected by the late Earl Fitzwilliam ; but they have entirely declined, and their only vestige is the manufacture of a little frieze for domestic use. The principal fishery is that of herrings at Arklow, which, however, has much declined. They are also taken by a fewfishermen at different places along the coast ; but the extension of this branch of industry is checked by the want of safe harbours for the boats. Oysters are taken at Arklow, and carried to Liverpool and Dublin. The trade of the county consists chiefly in the exportation of its agricultural and mineral produce, and in the importation of the various supplies of foreign articles and manufactured goods necessary for its inhabitants. Although Dublin is a principal market for the northern part of the county, Wicklow is a very improving port, where are several stores ; and grain and cattle are sent from the southern part of the county to New Ross. This trade is carried on by ordinary land-carriage, as the county is devoid of river or canal navigation.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 406

21. Flannel-hall built at Rathdrum in 1793

    Rathdrum · town · Wicklow · 1793

    A flannel-hall was erected at Rathdrum in 1793 at an expense of £3500 by the late Earl Fitzwilliam, reflecting the town's once-thriving flannel manufacture. The trade declined after the repeal of protecting duties on Irish woollens, and the hall was later used for a court-house, chapel, and schools.

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    The TOWN, situated on the height to the west of the Avonmore, is small but neat, and the houses well built and generally white-washed, with a few of superior appearance, among which the glebe-house, with its sloping lawn and tastefully disposed shrubberies, adds considerably to the general appearance. The manufacture of flannel was formerly carried on here to such an extent, that the Irish government deemed it necessary to appoint a seller of flannels to superintend it, under whom were a deputy and eight sworn meters, who resided in the town. A flannel-hall was erected in 1793, at an expense of £3500, by the late Earl Fitzwilliam, who received a toll of 2rf. on every piece of 120 yards, which produced on an average about £300 per annum. The trade continued to flourish so long as the protecting duties on Irish woollens were maintained, but on their repeal it declined rapidly, and it is now nearly extinct : the few pieces at present made are purchased by the shopkeepers in the town. The apartments in the flannelhall, which forms a spacious square, and above the principal entrance of which is an escutcheon of Earl Fitzwilliam's arms, are now used for a court-house, a Roman Catholic chapel, and schools. The manufacture of woollen cloth also flourished here, but, owing to the same causes, declined within the last 20 years, and is now wholly extinct. A large factory at Grenane, on the Avonbeg, was burnt down during the disturbances in 1798. There are two breweries in the town, but neither has been worked for the last few years. The market, held on Thursday, is well supplied with provisions : the monthly market for flaimels, which was well attended by buyers from Dublin, has been discontinued for some time. Fairs are held in Rathdrum on the last Thursday in Feb., May, and Aug., and on April 5th, July 5th, Oct. 16th, and Dec. llth ; and at Ballinderry on April 21.st, May I6th, Aug. 21st, Oct. 29th, the first Monday in Nov., and Dee. 2nd. Petty-sessions for the barony are held on alternate Thursdays in the Flannel-hall, and there is a chief constabulary police-station in the town.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 247

22. Flat bogs near Athlone and Lanesborough crossed by limestone ridges

    near Athlone and Bigmeadow · townland · Roscommon

    Remarkably extensive tracts of flat alluvial land and bog occur along the Shannon and Suck, forming detached portions of the Bog of Allen. The most notable are near Athlone and Lanesborough, both crossed by ridges of limestone gravel.

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    The county is of very irregular form, its length being nearly 60 English miles, whilst its greatest breadth does not exceed 32 ; southward it quickly contracts to ten, and northward gradually declines to three. It is an important frontier to the whole of Connaught. Its general surface forms part of the vast limestone plain of the central parts of the island, with only four very striking elevations. These are, the mountains on the borders of Lough Allen, in its northern extremity ; the Curlew mountains, on its north-western confines, near Boyle ; the great ridge of Slievebawn, extending through the baronies of Ballintobber and Roscommon ; and Slieveaeluyn, near Ballinlough, in the west. In the plain districts are considerable tracts of very flat ground, through which the rivers wind with a sluggish course, frequently overflowing their banks, and inundating the adjoining country. Some of the larger bogs also present level surfaces of considerable extent, while others are diversified with all the inequalities of the hills upon which they are situated. Remarkably extensive tracts of flat alluvial land, and of bog, occur along the courses of the Shannon and Suck, forming detached portions of the Bog of Allen ; the most worthy of notice being those situated near Athlone and Lanesborough, both of which are crossed by ridges of limestone gravel. Along the Suck, and along the Shannon south of Carrick, the shores in several parts are bold, and the cliffs occasionally overhang the water ; these in general are formed of compact masses of limestone gravel and indurated clay. The highest mountains are Bracklieve and Slieve Curkagh, in the northern extremity of the county, between which the river Arigna flows in a deep valley, over which the mountains rise upwards of 1000 feet with steep and rugged acclivities, and broad perpendicular faces of rock. Next to these in height is the ridge of Slievebawn, which, from the ^479

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 258

23. Florence Court at Killesher

    Killesher · townland · Fermanagh

    Florence Court, the beautiful mansion of the Earl of Enniskillen, stands in a large and finely planted demesne in the parish of Killesher. The parish also has mineral springs, remarkable caves, and ruins of the old church.

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    KILLESHER, a parish, in the union of Ennis KiLLEN, barony of Glenawley, county of Fermanagh, and province of Ulster ; containing 5225 inhabitants, According to the Ordnance survey it comprises, with certain islands in Lower Lough M'^Nean, 24,936^ sta tute acres, of which 24^ are in Lough Erne and smal loughs, and 642^ are in Lower Lough M'^Nean : there is a considerable quantity of bog and mountain land Fairs are held at Whitehill on May 13th, July 13th Sept. nth, and Nov. 11th. Florence Court, the beau tiful mansion of the Earl of Enniskillen, stands in a large and finely planted demesne : near it is a receiving house for letters in connexion with Enniskillen. The living is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of Kil more, and in the patronage of the Bishop : the tithe rent-charge is £150. The church is a tolerably large building, repaired in 1S19, by aid of a loan of £600 from the late Board of First Fruits. There is no glebe-house : the glebe comprises 1300 acres. The Roman Catholic parish is co-extensive with that of the Established Church, and has a chapel at Whitehill, and one at the Crossroads : there are also two places of worship for Wesleyan Methodists. About 460 children are educated in six schools, of which three are supported by the Earl of Enniskillen, who also aids a fourth ; and there are two Sunday schools. Here are some mineral springs and remarkable caves ; also the ruins of the old church.

    KILLESHILL, Killishil, or Killeshal, a parish, in the union and barony of Dungannon, county of Tyrone, and province of Ulster, 6 miles (S. W.) from Dungannon, on the road from that place to Ballygawley ; containing 4985 inhabitants. This parish was formed by order of council in 1732, by separating 27 townlands from the parish of Carrenteel, and Archbishop Robinson endowed the living with the townland of Glencal for a

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 38

24. Flour and flax mills at Athlumney

    Athlumney · townland · Meath

    In the parish of Athlumney, flax-mills on the River Boyne provided regular employment to about 260 persons. The parish also contained extensive flour-mills near the bridge of Navan, including the New Mill fitted with improved machinery and a steam-engine.

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    rounding districts. In the immediate vicinity of the town, and closely connected with its trade, within the limits of the parish of Athlumney, are flax-mills on the river Boyne, affording regular employment, ou the average, to about '260 persons ; and in the same parish, close to the bridge of Navan, are some very extensive flour-mills. Of these mills, one has five pairs of stones used for grinding wheat only ; and the other, called the New Mill, which has been fitted up with the most improved machinery, has ten pairs of stones, of which six are used in grinding wheat, and four fur oats ; attached to these mills is a steam-engine of 30- horse power. There are some smaller mills in the town, chiefly for oatmeal ; and a paper-mill upon a small scale, principally for the coarser sorts of paper. The distillery belonging to Mr. James Morgan is capable of producing 30,000 gallons of whisky annually ; and on the river Blackwater, and close to the town, was formerly a very extensive distillery, with a mill and corn-stores, employing a large number of persons ; but the establishment has been for some time discontinued, and the buildings are fast going to decay. The manufacture of sacking, of which this place is the principal seat, is extensively carried on : the article is made of tow brought from the north of Ireland, and in the town are from '200 to 300 looms in constant operation, each producing annually about 40 pieces 60 yards in length. In the excise arrangements the town is within the district of Drogheda. The market, which is the best attended in the county, is on Wednesday, and is abundantly supplied with corn, large numbers of bacon-hogs and porkers, and with coarse linen, yarn, frieze, and country merchandise. Fairs for store cattle, horses, sheep, and hogs, are held on Easter and Trinity Mondays ; and on the second Monday in September and the first Monday in December, for beef, store bullocks, sheep, horses, and hogs. A savings bank, in which are deposits to the amount of more than £5000 ; and a chief constabulary pohce force ; have been established.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 196

25. Flour-mills and bleach-greens at Yoletown on the Blackwater

    Yoletown · townland · Wexford

    At Yoletown in the parish of Owenduffe, two flour-mills are worked by the Blackwater (Awenduffe) river, with two bleach-greens also situated on its banks. The river separates the baronies of Shelburne and Shelmalier.

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    OWENDUFFE, or Awinduffe, a parish, in the union of New Ross, barony of Shelburne, county of Wexforh, and province of Leinster, 65 miles (S. W.) from Taghmon, on the road to Ballyhack ; containing 2625 inhabitants. The parish is situated on a stream called the Awenduffe or Blackwater, which is tributary to the Bannow or Scar river and separates the baronies of Shelburne and Shelmalier ; it comprises 7980^ statute acres. At Yoletown are two flour-mills, worked by the Blackwater ; and there are also two bleachgreens on the banks of that river. The parish is in the diocese of Ferns, and is an impropriate cure, forming part of the union of Tintern : the rectory is impropriate in the family of Boyse, to whom the tithe rent-charge, £255, is payable. The church is in ruins. In the Roman Catholic divisions also the parish is in the district of Tintern : it contains a chapel, which is numerously attended.

    OWEY, or Wye, an island, in the parish of Templecroan, union of Glenties, barony of Boylagh, county of Donegal, and province of Ulster, 5 miles (N.) from Rutland ; containing 94 inhabitants. It forms one of the group of islands called the Rosses, situated off the north-western coast, and comprises 301^ statute acres. The highest point is 340 feet above the sea.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 227

26. Flour-mills and distilleries at Parsonstown

    Birr or Parsonstown · town · Offaly

    Extensive flour-mills, distilleries, and breweries were established at Parsonstown in King's County, though most people in the county were engaged in agricultural pursuits.

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    The woollen manufacture is very limited : the women spin worsted, which they dispose of to the manufacturers. Friezes, stuffs, and serges are made in the county, but entirely for home consumption. The «linen manufacture was formerly carried on with much spirit in some parts, particularly in the baronies of Garrycastle and Kilcoursey. The women are peculiarly industrious ; they are all spinners, and their auxiliary exertions for the subsistence of the family are so proverbial, that it is common for an industrious young man to take a journey into this county in quest of a wife. There are extensive flour-mills, distilleries, and breweries at Parsonstown and in some other parts of the county, but the people are mostly engaged in agricultural pursuits.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 58

27. Flour-mills on the Feale at Listowel

    Listowel · town · Kerry

    Behind the castle at Listowel, extensive flour-mills on the river Feale produce about 8000 barrels annually. Smaller mills also operate at Island Gariff on the same river.

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    LISTOWEL, a post-town and parish, and the head of a union, in the barony of Iraghticonnou, county of Kerry, and province of Munster, 17i miles (N. E.) fromTralee, and 134 (S. VV. by W.) from Dublin, on the road from Tralee to Tarbert ; containing 5934 inhabitants. This place, according to some authorities, derives its name, originally Lis Tuuthal, or " the castle of Tuathal," from Tuathal, one of the earliest kings of Ireland ; and according to others, from an old Danish fort in the immediate vicinity of the town. The castle was the last that held out for Lord Kerry against the troops of Elizabeth during the Desmond insurrection ; in IfiOO it was assaulted and taken by Sir Charles Wilmot, who put all the garrison to the sword. Upon its surrender, the eldest son of Lord Kerry, then five years of age, was carried away privately by his nurse, who contrived to make her escape ; but they were discovered in their retreat, and the child was sent by Sir Charles to the Lord- President. The TOWN is situated on the right bank of the river Feale, over which is a handsome stone bridge of five arches, each of 50 feet span : it consists of a spacious square, in the centre of which is the church, and of one principal street, from which some smaller streets branch off. The total number of houses, in 1841, was 407, many of them well built and of respectable appearance 5 several new houses have been recently built, and there are two good hotels. Fairs are held on alternate Wednesdays, and also on the 13fh of May, July 25th, and Oct. 28th, chiefly for cattle, sheep, and pigs. Salmon is very plentiful. The river Cashen is navigable for boats of 15 tons' burthen within 1^ miles of the town ; a canal with four locks would extend the navigation to the bridge. Behind the castle, on the river Feale, are extensive flour-mills producing annually about 8000 barrels ; and there are smaller mills at Island GariflF, also on the Feale. In the excise arrangements the town is within the district of Tralee. A chief constabulary police force is stationed in the town ; a manorial court is held by the seneschal of Listowel every third Tuesday, and petty-sessions every Thursday. There is a neat bridewell containing six cells, two dayrooms, and two yards ; and it is in contemplation to erect a court-house.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 90

28. Forbes fortified mansion at Longford burned by the O'Nials, 1605

    Longford · town · Longford · 1605

    The Forbes family had a fortified mansion at Longford which was burned by the O'Nials in 1605. Besides Castle Forbes, this was one of their strongholds in the county.

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    original buildings remain, and their actual site is matter of doubt. At Lanesborough are the ruins of a collegiate church, or preceptory, originally founded by the Knights Templars. The remains of ancient castles are not so numerous here as in most of the other level counties. Granard Castle is built on a hill rising to a considerable height above the town, and commanding an extensive view over all the flat country. Besides Castle Forbes, the Forbes family had a fortified mansion at Longford, which was burned by the O'Nials in 160.5. At Tenellick is the ruin of a strong castle, and near Ballymahon are the remains of two others. There are still remains of Rathcline Castle, the chief residence of the O'Cuins ; and, not far from it, the ruins of a very ancient church. At Ballymahon was a strong castle erected to defend the ford of the Inny, the only traces of which are the cellars, under a house built on its ruins. Barnacor Castle and Lot's Castle, on the Inny, on the opposite banks, were both erected to protect the important pass or ford of that river ; and at Castlecor are some remains of its ancient fortress. Fossil remains of various kinds have been discovered in the limestone caverns and fissures ; many of them are of animals unknown in these regions, and several of species now extinct in Ireland. The bones and horns of the elk have been dug up in the marl at the foot of the Escars, and beneath several of the bogs ; also, in a small lake near Ballinalee the antlers and bones of the red-deer are often found quite sound, having been preserved by the antiseptic properties of the bog-water.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 107

29. Fore town and abbey burnt nine times by Danes and Irish chieftains

    Fore · townland · Westmeath · 900–1100

    The town and abbey of Fore in Westmeath suffered repeatedly during the period of Danish incursions, being burnt nine times in the 10th and 11th centuries. The destruction was wrought variously by the Danes and by neighbouring Irish chieftains.

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    This county formed part of the kingdom of Meath when the island was divided into five provincial dynasties, and was then known by the name of Eircamhoin, or " the Western Division." The provincial assemblies were held at the hill of Usueagh, supposed by some to be the Laberus noticed by Ptolemy as <me of the inland cities of Ireland. In 1153, the northern part of the county became the scene of contention between two sons of Dermod O'Brien, who terminated their strife by a bloody battle fought near Fore, in which Turlogh, obtaining the victory, became master of his brother's person and put out his eyes. The principal Irish families during this period were those of Mac Geoghegan (chieftains of Moycashel), O'Mulbrenan or Brenan, O'Coffy, O'Mullady, O'Malone, O'Daly, O'Higgins, Magawly, Magan, O'Shannagh (afterwards changed to Fox), O'Finilan, and O'Cuishin. The annals of the religious houses prove that this county suffered much during the period in which the island was exposed to the predatory incursions of the Danes ; the town and abbey of Fore alone having been burnt nine times in the 10th and 11th centuries, either by the Danes or by the bordering Irish chieftains. After the settlement of the English in Leinster, the county formed part of the palatinate of Hugh de Lacy, who allotted it in large tracts to his principal followers, the most remarkable of whom were Petit, Tuite, Hussey, D' Alton, Delamare, Dillon, Nugent, Hope, Ware, Naugle, Ledewich, Geneville, Dardis, Gaynor, and Constantine. Subsequently, the families of Darcy, Johnes, Tyrrel, Fitzgerald, Owen, and Piers settled here at various periods previous to the Reformation. The ancient Irish, however, were not at once exterminated by the new settlers : they made several at-

    WEST

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 389

30. Forge village: from medieval sword-blade forge to distillery

    Monart · parish · Wexford · 1560–1830

    The village of Forge on the Urrin derives its name from a forge that belonged in 1560 to Colonel Robert Phayre and manufactured sword-blades. The works were converted to a distillery in 1818 and later to a flour-mill.

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    MONART, an ecclesiastical district, in the union of Enniscorthy, barony of Scarawalsh, county of Wexford, and province of Leinster, 2 miles (N. W.) from Enniscorthy, on the road to Kilkenny ; containing 3" 12 inhabitants. It is situated on a stream called the Urrin, which falls into the Slaney below Enniscorthy ; and comprises 13,029| statute acres. The soil is chiefly of a light shingly nature ; limestone-gravel is found on the banks of the Slaney, and a kind of slaty stone abounds, which is used for building : the state of agriculture is improving. The village of Forge, on the Urrin, derives its name from an extensive forge formerly established there, which appears by an ancient document to have belonged in 1560 to Colonel Robert Phayre, and was then employed in the manufacture of sword-blades. In 1818 the works were converted into a distillery by Andrew Jameson, Esq., who, in the course of 12 years, expended upwards of £25,000 on the establishment, and in 1830 it produced 55,594 gallons of spirits ; it has been since discontinued, and part of it converted into a flour-mill, capable of producing nearly 40,000 barrels annually, and for working which there is a copious supply of water. A fair is held on Aug. I6th at Scarawalsh Bridge, on the Slaney, chiefly for lambs. The seats are, Monart House, the residence of the Cookman family, a handsome mansion pleasantly situated on a gentle eminence above the Urrin, in a highly improved and richly wooded demesne ; Killonghram, surrounded by an oak coppice, called Killoughram Wood ; Munfin, beautifully situated on the margin of the Slaney, sheltered by a wooded eminence, and commanding an ex- 348

    MON A

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 165

31. Formation of Calary parish in 1831

    Calary · parish · Wicklow · 1831

    Townlands from this parish were separated in 1831 by an act of George IV to establish the newly erected parish of Calary.

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    The LIVING is a rectory, in the diocese of Dublin, constituting the corps of the prebend of Stagonil in the cathedral of St. Patrick, and in the patronage of the Archbishop. The prebend was instituted in 1303, when it was charged with the payment of £10 per annum to the economy fund of the cathedral : it had formerly two dependent chapels, situated respectively at Kilruddery and Kilcroney ; the latter, in the time of Archbishop Alan, was claimed by the monks of St. Mary's Abbey, near Dublin. In 1831, some townlands of this parish were separated from it by the act of the 7th and Sth of George IV., to form the newly erected parish of Calary. The tithe rent-charge is £276. 18. 6. : the glebe-house, towards which the Board of First Fruits contributed £200 and a loan of £600, was built in 1817; the glebe comprises 3i acres, held by lease from the Earl of Rathdownc, at a rent of £4. 10. per annum. The church, a handsome modern edifice, nearly in the centre of the parish, and within the Powerscourt demesne, was enlarged in 1822 at an expense of £1000, advanced on loan from the Board of First Fruits j the churchyard contains many interesting monumental inscriptions. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish forms part of the district of Bray : the chapel, at Curtlestown, is a plain building, and service is also performed in a barn 432

    every Sunday. An estate in the county of Longford was bequeathed by F. Adair, Esq., to the ecclesiastical unions of Bray and Delgany and to this parish, onethird each, for charitable purposes. There are ruins of ancient churches at Churchtown and Killegar ; and on a hill to the west of Enniskerry are the remains of a cromlech.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 233

32. Former cotton-works and iron-works at St. John's near Enniscorthy

    Enniscorthy · townland · Wexford · 1805–1837

    Cotton-works were erected at St. John's, near Enniscorthy, upwards of thirty years prior to writing, but were only carried on for two or three years. Iron-works were also formerly located at Enniscorthy.

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    Much coarse woollen-cloth was formerly manufactured throughout the county, but almost wholly for domestic use. Cotton-works were erected at St. John's, near Enniscorthy, upwards of thirty years since, but were only carried on for two or three years : at the latter place were also some iron-works. Linens, diapers, checks, and woollens were wrought at Tintern, where the weaving and spinning business was carried on to such an extent that a yarn-market and a general-market house were erected for the accommodation of the buyers and sellers ; but both these buildings have fallen into decay, though there are still many weavers in the neighbourhood. The vicinity of the county to the great Nymph Bank renders its fisheries an important object of consideration. In addition to the supply of deep-sea fish derivable from this source, the inhabitants along the whole coast are mainly employed in fishing : there are also numerous residents at every creek that affords shelter for a few boats, who derive their subsistence from partly their little farms on shore, but mostly from the sea. A valuable fishing-ground lies near the shore, adjacent to the Saltee Islands ; but the want of a harbour adequate to the reception and shelter of a good description of craft, prevents the fishery from being followed, except in open boats. There are two small harbours, one at Fethard, and the other at CrossFarnogue at the eastern extremity of Ballyteigue bay, which, inadequate as they are, enable the fishermen to go out in the summer season ; but the want of a good harbour prevejits them from partaking much in the profits of the cod and herring fishery, which is chiefly carried on in the winter. Shell-fish are caught in great abundance along the shore. The oysters are much esteemed by some for their size and flavour, but they do not maintain that character in the Dublin market : the lobsters are also reckoned to be of a superior kind. Salmon, white-trout, eels, and the pearl-

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 396

33. Former lead mine with silver ore at Shallee Coughlan

    Shallee (Coughlan) · townland · Tipperary

    A lead mine was formerly worked on the high land near Shallee Coughlan, in the parish of Killoscully, County Tipperary. About seven tons of ore were raised, containing silver in the proportion of 80 ounces to a ton.

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    bitants. On the high land in this vicinity a lead-mine was formerly worked, and about seven tons of ore were raised containing silver in the proportion of 80 oz. to a ton.

    SHALLON, a village, in the parish of Kilsharvan, union of Duogheda, barony of Lower Di:leek, county of Meath, and province of Leinster, 3 miles (S.) from Drogheda, and on the road from Dulcek to Nynch ; containing about '29 houses and 169 inhabitants.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 276

34. Former lead-ore mines on shores of Lough Dan

    Roundwood · town · Wicklow

    Lead-ore could be obtained on the shores of Lough Dan near Roundwood, and mines were formerly worked there. The village is much frequented by visitors from Dublin for its beautiful mountain scenery and proximity to Lough Dan, Glendalough and Luggelaw.

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    of Ballinacor, county of Wicklow, and province of Leinster, 4^ miles (\V. S. W.) from Newtown -Mount- Kennedy, and on the road from Dublin to the Seven Churches : the population is returned w ith the parish. The extensive tract of table-land on which this place is situated is watered by the river Vartrey, a fine troutstream, and is separated from Lough Dan only by the mountains of Carrigroe and Slieve Buck. From a projecting point of Slieve Buck the lake is seen in its full extent of about 160 plantation acres, supplied by a stream from Mount Tay, and another from the mountains to the west. The lake forms a graceful curve in the centre of a wildly romantic district ; the lofty mountains which rise precipitously from its waters enwrap it in continual gloom, and add much to the striking solemnity of its appearance. Bog-trout, grey-trout, and char are found in abundance; in winter its waters overspread the low lands in the neighbourhood, and, on returning to their bed, leave large trunks of oak-trees exposed on the surface of the land. Lead-ore is to be obtained on the shores of the lake, and mines were formerly worked there. The village contains 19 houses, neatly built ; and is much frequented by strangers and visiters from Dublin, for its beautiful mountain scenery, and its proximity to Lough Daii, Glendalough, and Luggelaw, which last is described under the head of Calary. A little above it is Roundwood Park, a pleasant residence, the grounds of which are tastefully laid out and planted ; and near the shore of Lough Dan is Lake Park, which, with others, is more particularly noticed in the article on Derralossory. There are a good inn in the village, and some smaller houses for the accommodation of visiters. Fairs are held on Jan. 3rd for cattle, March 8th for frieze, March 14th for cattle, and May 19th, July 26th, Aug. 1st, and Sept. 5th and 19th, for frieze. A constabulary police force is stationed here ; there is a neat Roman Catholic chapel belonging to the union of Glendalough, and a school is supported by subscription.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 267

35. Former Murragh church destroyed by river erosion

    Murragh · townland · Cork

    The former church at Murragh stood close to the edge of the River Bandon, and the waters gradually undermined the bank and destroyed the building, though it had not been many years erected. The present church was built on a different site and forms a conspicuous object for miles around.

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    centre of the parish ; it was erected by aid of a loan of £550 from the Board, in 1810. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish is the head of a district, comprising also the parish of Temple-Martin, and containing two chapels ; that of Murragh, situated at Nucestown, is a spacious edifice. Robert Lisson, Esq., by will, gave £5 per annum to poor Protestant parishioners, which sum was to be paid out of his estate of Roughgrove, in the parish of Kilbrogan, and distributed annually by the incumbent. In the churchyard is a large sepulchral tumulus, of unknown origin. The former church stood close to the edge of the river ; the waters, in consequence, gradually undermined the bank, and destroyed the building, though it had not been many years erected : the present church, built on a different site, forms a conspicuous object for many miles round.

    MURROE, a village, in that part of the parish of Abington which is in the barony of Owneybeg, union and county of Limerick, and province of Munster, 8 miles (K. S. E.) from Limerick, and on the road from Abington to Newport ; containing 57 dwellings, and 311 inhabitants. This little village stands near the boundary of the counties of Tipperary and Limerick, in the vicinity of the Slieve-Phelim range of mountains ; though very favourably situated for trade, it is a poor neglected place. It is a constabulary police station ; and has fairs on April 29th, and Oct. 27th. Here is a Roman Catholic chapel, a large handsome building; also a dispensary.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 191

36. Former woollen manufactory at Whitechurch, Tipperary

    Whitechurch · townland · Tipperary

    A woollen manufactory was formerly carried on in the parish of Whitechurch, County Tipperary, near the Galtee mountains, but was given up for want of proper encouragement. The parish is situated three miles south-west of Cahir on the road to Mitchelstown.

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    (S. \V.) from Cahir, on the road to jMitchelstown ; containing 1274 inhabitants. This parish comprises 39'2'2 acres, the greater part of which is arable and pasture land : the soil is mostly of a light quality ; and adjoining are the Galtee mountains. A woollen manufactory was carried on some years since, but from want of proper encouragement was given up. The parish is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of Lismore, and forms part of the ecclesiastical union of Tubrid. In the Roman Catholic divisions it is the head of a district, called, from the village, Ballylooby, and comprising the parishes of Whitechurch, Tubrid, and Tullaghorton, in which union are two chapels ; that in Wlutechurch is a modern building.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 402

37. Forth mountain quartz rock with mineral indications

    near Forth Mountain · mountain or mountain range · Wexford

    Forth mountain consisted almost entirely of quartz rock with interposed laminae of clay-slate, its strata ranging north of east and south of west with a north-western dip. Veins of quartz traversed the strata and showed indications of lead, copper, and iron in some places.

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    The county, in its geological relations, forms part of the day-slate tract which stretches, on the eastern side of the granitic range, from the northern part of the county of Wicklow to the Atlantic. The strata in the southern portions are in some places considerably inflected, but in the northern parts of the county they maintain a tolerably uniform north-eastern and southwestern direction, with a dip to the south-east ; and the clay-slate is here found immediately in contact with granite, which is the chief component of the Blackstairs and Mount Leinster ranges. The Forth mountain consists almost entirely of quartz rock, with a tendency to the slaty structure from interposed lamince of clay-slate. The strata range 2:>° north of east and south of west, and dip 4.5° towards the north-west ; they are occasionally traversed by fissures and by veins of quartz, and in these veins appear in some places indications of lead, copper, and iron. The lower grounds and eminences in the vicinity of Forth are composed of alternations of quartz-rock and clay-slate ; the former rock, which is sometimes iron-shot and of a deep reddish hue, ranges to the north of Wexford town, being its foundation, and in its southern progress constituting the White Rocks near Kerlogue. Clay-slate is visible on the southeastern side of Forth, and to the north-west is distinctly seen at Carrigg bridge, and in several other parts around the inner haven of Wexford ; it is traversed by contemporaneous veins of quartz, and probably contains several beds of greenstone, blocks and fragments of this rock being observable on the strand near Saunders Court, and smaller pieces in the fields above and towards the entrance of Edenvale. The general components of the extreme south-eastern quarter of the county are also quartz-rock and clay-slate interstratified, disposed in the manner above described, and containing occasionally beds of greenstone. Towards Carnsore Point the land gradually rises, forming a low swell of ground, composed apparently of granite, as great blocks of that rock, with some few scattered masses of miraslate, occupy its entire surface.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 395

38. Forth Mountain: ridge above the southern baronies

    near Forth Mountain · mountain or mountain range · Wexford

    The mountain of Forth forms a ridge about 500 feet above sea level, extending 5 or 6 miles in a north-eastern and south-western direction. It separates the southern baronies of Bargy and Forth from the remainder of the county.

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    This district is much detached from the rest of Ireland, having the sea on its eastern and southern sides, and the estuary of the Suir and the river of Ross along the greater part of its western border, the remainder of which and the northern side are hemmed in by a lofty range of mountain land, through which there are but few lines of communication. The mountains on the side of the county of Wicklow extend from .S7ierebiiii, a beautiful conical hill covered with verdure, to the valley through which the Slaney flows, the river dividing this part of the range from the still more extensive and lofty chain of Mount Leiiisler and the Hlachstciirs, three remarkable pointed summits of which are distinguished by the names of the "Leaps of Ossian's Greyhounds. " Except on the confines, there are no high or extensive ridges of mountains; but the surface is diversified with many single hills, of considerable height, and, towards the south-east, the mountain of Forth forms a ridge about 500 feet above the level of the sea, extendmg ,5 or 6 miles in a north-eastern and south-western direction. The general surface between these single hills does not expand into large plains : the land declines from the primitive mountains on the north towards the sea in unequal elevations, and, where the depositions of alluvial substances are considerable, the surface has a beautifully waving outline, and is enlivened by numerous gently winding streams. The Staiiey, which traverses the northern and eastern part, presents a succession of highly picturesque views, beautifully ornamented with remains of antiquity, and with modern mansions, villas, and plantations. The scenery on the Barrow, in the vicinity of New Ross, is marked by grander features, and can scarcely be surpassed. The southern baronies of Bargy and Forth, which are shut out from the remainder of the county by the Forth mountain, consist of low land that owes its attractions more to human labour and ingenuity than to the gifts of nature. The entire county presents nothing meriting the name of lake, except Laity's Island Lake, in Forth, which claims notice, not from its extent or beauty, but from the singularity of its formation, receiving several small rivulets and having no natural outlet, so that once in every three or four years an opening is cut through the sand-bank which separates it from the sea.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 393

39. Fortification of Mutton Island after the taking of Galway, 1691

    Mutton Island · townland · Galway · 1691

    After the taking of Galway in 1691 by the troops of William III, Mutton Island in Galway harbour was deemed strategically important and £1000 was spent building a fort and repairing the castle. The governor stated that without these works the shipping could not lie safely in the bay.

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    MUTTON ISLAND, in the parish of St. Nicholas, county of the town of Galway, union of Galway, and province of Connaught, 1 mile (S.) from Galway : the population is returned with the parish. This small island, comprising but two acres, and inhabited only by the persons who have the care of the lighthouse, is situated in the harbour of Galway, and connected with the main land by a sand-bank dry at low water, which forms the ordinary roadstead of Gahvay. After the taking of Galway in 1691 by the troops of William III., it was deemed of such importance that £1000 were expended in building a fort and repairing the castle, on the suggestion of the governor : without them, he stated, 378

    M YRO

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 191

40. Fortified lake island at Calla inhabited by the Rowan sept

    Calla · townland · Mayo

    At Calla in Killasser parish there is a small lake containing an island presenting appearances of fortifications, said to have been inhabited by the sept of the Rowans. Ancient burial places are also found at Killasser, Blackpatch, and Calla.

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    Connaught, 6 miles (E. N.E.) from Fox ford ; on the river Moy and the road to Swinford ; containing 6962 inhabitants. This parish was the scene of a sanguinary battle between the native septs of the Jordans and the Rowans, at a spot since called Lugnafulla, or "the valley of blood." It comprises 19,677 statute acres, of which about 6000 are arable, and the remainder principally bog and mountain : the land is of indifferent quality, and in many places covered with rocks of great size ; some of the eastern portion is more productive, but agriculture is in a very backward state ; there is a large tract of irreclaimable bog. The parish is a vicarage, in the diocese of Achonry, forming part of the union of Templemore ; the rectory is impropriate in the representatives of the late Roger Palmer, Esq., and the tithe rent-charge is £384, which is equally divided between the impropriator and the vicar. In the Roman Catholic divisions Killasser forms a separate benefice ; there are two chapels, situated respectively at Calla and Boullabee, both well built, and roofed with slate. Several Danish forts are to be seen in the western portion of the parish ; at Calla is a small lake, in which is an island presenting appearances of fortifications and said to have been inhabitated by the sept of the Rowans ; at Erbull are the ruins of an old castle ; and there are ancient burialplaces at Killasser, Blackpatch, and Calla.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 37

41. Fort on King's Island north of the Old Town

    King's Island · townland · Limerick

    Among the military antiquities of Limerick were various portions of the town walls and outworks, including a fort on the King's Island north of the Old Town. These remains supplemented the major fortifications of King John's Castle and the citadel.

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    Limerick anciently contained two Augustinian monasteries, one of Regular Canons, and the other of hermits : the Regular Canons had another house in the contiguous parish of Mungrett, which was destroyed by the Danes in IIO7. In 1227, a Dominican friary was founded in the city by Donogh Carbragh O'Brien, Prince of Thomond, which became a place of great magnificence, and was the burial-place of various prelates and other eminent men: part of the walls still exists, and the cemetery formed the garden of the late Presentation convent. There were also a Franciscan convent, founded by William Fion de Burgo ; a house of canonesses of the order of St. Augustine, founded in 1 17 1, by Donald O'Brien, King of Limerick ; and a house of the Knights Templars ; but no remains of these buildings are now discernible. The military antiquities consist of the ruins of the fortress called King John's Castle, at the end of Thomond-bridge, comprehending the great gateway, defended by two massive round towers, and the outer walls, having similar defences, and presenting a fine relic of the military architecture of that remote period ; of dilapidated portions of the walls and towers of the citadel nearly contiguous, in which the Castle barracks have been erected ; of various portions of the town walls ; and of some of the outworks, especially a fort on the King's Island, north of the Old Town. There are also some remains of the celebrated Black Battery, close to which was the breach defended so heroically against William's army. In the rural parishes of the ancient hberties are the ruins of several forts.

    LISB

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 79

42. Forts of Nantinan, especially Feigbeg

    Nantinan · townland · Limerick

    Numerous forts are scattered over the parish of Nantinan; that of Feigbeg is described as the most curious.

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    The living is a rectory and perpetual curacy, in the diocese of Limerick. The rectory was united at a period unknown to the rectories and vicarages of Kilfenny and Loughill, the rectories of Shanagolden, Knocknegaul, and Dromdeely, and the vicarage of Morgans, together constituting the union of Nantinan, and the corps of the precentorship of the cathedral of Limerick, in the patronage of the Bishop. The tithe rent-charge of the parish is £346. 3. per annum. The glebe-house, towards the erection of which the late Board of First Fruits contributed £450, and a loan of £50, in 1819, is a handsome residence ; the glebe comprises five acres, purchased by the same Board. The gross value of the benefice, before the passing of the Rent-charge act, was £1071. 12. The perpetual curacy is in the gift of the Rector ; the stipend is £92. 6., of which £75 are paid by the rector, and £17. 6. from Primate Boulter's augmentation fund. The church, towards the repair of which the Ecclesiastical Commissioners recently granted £123, is a neat edifice in the early English style, with a square embattled tower surmounted with an octagonal spire ; it was built in 181 7., the Board of First Fruits granting a loan of £800. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish forms part of the union of Stonehall and Cappagh. There is a place of worship for Wesleyan Methodists. Near the Green is a well dedicated to St. James, inclosed by ancient massive stone walls, and the water of which issues from a limestone rock ; it is much resorted to on festivals by the peasantry of the neighbourhood. Numerous forts are scattered over the parish ; that of Feigbeg is the most curious.

    NAPPAGH, an island, in the parish of Kilcummin, barony of Moycvllen, union and county of Galway, and province of Connaught, 22i miles (\V.) from Galway : the population is returned w ith the parish. It is situated at the entrance to Casheen and Kilkerrin bays, on the western coast, and comprises about 63 statute acres of arable and pasture land.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 194

43. Fort-Stewart residence on Lough Swilly

    Rathmelton · town · Donegal

    Fort-Stewart, the residence of Sir Jas. Stewart, stands on the shore of Lough Swilly surrounded by an extensive and well-planted demesne. Fort-Stewart Castle, erected by Sir William, the original patentee of the surrounding lands, lies a short distance to the north-east.

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    mannfactures of every description. Here are extensive corn-mills, a brewery, bleach-green, and linen manufactory ; and a considerable quantity of liuen is made by hand in the vicinity. In the excise arrangements the town is within the district of Londonderry. A market for provisions is held on Tuesday, and on Thursday and Saturday for corn ; fairs are held on the Tuesday next after May '20th, on Nov. 15th, and the Tuesday after Dec. 11th. A chief constabulary police force is stationed in the town, and petty-sessions are held on alternate Thursdays. There is a salmon-fishery, producing about £500 annually ; the fish are considered to be in season throughout the year, and are mostly exported to England. In the town are, the parochial church ; meeting-houses for Presbyterians in connexion with the General Assembly, and for Methodists ; a small fever hospital ; and a dispensary. A loan fund has been established ; also a ladies' society, and a shop for the sale of clothes at reduced prices to the poor. On the shore of Lough Swilly is Fort-Stewart, the residence of Sir Jas. Stewart, surrounded by au extensive and well planted demesne ; and at a short distance to the northeast is Fort-Stewart Castle, erected by Sir William, the original patentee of the surrounding lands. Pearls of considerable value are occasionally found in the river Lcnon.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 243

44. Fort with double fosse yields bones and brass weapons

    Rathconrath · townland · Westmeath

    Near Rathconrath village stands a curious fort with a double fosse. When a heap of rubbish was removed, a vast quantity of human bones and brass spear and arrow heads were discovered.

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    The living is a rectory, in the diocese of Meath, and in the patronage of the Earl of Lanesborough ; the tithe rent-charge is £200. 5. The glebe-house was built in 1818, at an expense of £1569 British, of which £323 were a gift, and £415 a loan, from the late Board of First Fruits, the residue having been supplied by the incumbent. The glebe comprises 24a. I4p., valued at £50 per annum. The church was built in 1809, nearly on the site of the ancient church, at an expense of £738 British, a gift from the before-mentioned Board. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish is the head of a district, sometimes called Miltown, comprising this parish and those of Moranstown and Kilmacnevin, and containing two chapels : that at Miltown was originally built at the expense of Christopher Count D'Alton, who endowed it with one acre of land ; it is in the presentation of O. W. C. Begg, Esq., of Mount D'Alton. The other chapel is at Empor, in Kilmacnevin. Ruins exist of the old church ; at Washford are the remains of an ancient monastic institution ; and the castles of Loghan or Mount D'Alton, Corkan, and Miltown, are in existence : adjoining the first castle is a cave, in which teeth and bones of gigantic size were found in 1780. Near the town is a curious fort with a double fosse ; and not long since, in removing a heap of rubbish, a vast quantity of human bones, and spear and arrow heads, all of brass, were found. Scattered over the parish are many raths, some of them viTy large ; and one, in particular, is a fine specimen of this species of fortification, having circumvallations and other works. At Mount D'Alton were born General James D'Alton, and Richard, Count D'Alton, knight of the military order of Maria Theresa, and governor of the Austrian Netherlands, in the reign of the Emperor Joseph II. of Germany, to whom he was chamberlain and a privy counsellor ; he died at Treves in 1790, ou his route from Brussels to ■\'ienna.

    RATHCOOL, a parish, in the barony of Gowran, union and county of Kilkenny, and province of Leinster, 4 miles (N.N.E.) from Kilkenny; containing 3 M2

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 246

45. Fossil elk antlers discovered at Kyle

    Kyle · townland · Wexford

    Fossil remains consisting of a pair of antlers of the elk or moose-deer, of large dimensions, were lately found at Kyle in Wexford. The discovery highlights the natural history interest of the area.

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    This parish was formerly included in the union of Ardcolm, from which it was separated in 18'i9, and, with the parish of Tickillen, formed into a distinct benefice. The living is a vicarage, in the diocese of Ferns, and in the patronage of the Bishop ; the rectory is impropriate in the Earl of Arran. The tithe rentcharge of the parish is £1 10. 4., of which £46. 0. 6. arc payable to the impropriator, and the remainder to the vicar ; the entire tithe of the union payable to the incumbent amounts to £109. 3. The old church, which was for some years the domestic chapel of Saunderscourt, has a handsome Norman doorway, removed from the ruins of the church of Ballynaslaney ; under the altar are interred the remains of the first earl of Arran. Another church has been erected on a new site, at an expense of £867, of which £717 were from the funds of the Ecclesiastical Commissioners, and £150 from private sources : it affords accommodation to ^200 persons. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish forms part of the district called Crossabeg, comprising also the parishes of Artramont, Tickillen, and a portion of Kilmallog : the chapel near Crossabeg is a plain building, adjoining which is a house for the priest ; there is also a chapel at Ballymourne. Two neat school-houses in the Swiss cottage style were built a few years since by Mr. Harvey, by whom the school for boys is wholly supported ; the other, for girls, has recently been aided by a grant of £1'2 per annum from the National Board. An association of Ladies for the employment of the female poor in spinning and weaving, established in 18'23, is supported by subscriptions of the resident gentry of this and the neighbouring parishes ; and a branch of the Scryne and Ardcolm dispensary has been opened at Kyle. The Kyle Charitable Loan Fund, established in 183.5, ha^- been attended with the most beneficial results. Some fossil remains, consisting of a pair of antlers of the elk or moose-deer, of large dimensions, were lately found at Kyle.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 50

46. Fossil fish discovered in red sandstone at Grange

    Grange · townland · Tyrone

    In the vicinity of Grange near Moy, fossil fish have been discovered in red sandstone formations. A fine specimen was deposited in the museum of the Geological Society in London.

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    nature, is productive under a good system of agriculture. Limestone is in abundance, and is quarried for manure ; sandstone, basalt, and whinstone are found here alternating ; and there are indications of coal in several places. In the vicinity of Grange, fossil-fish have been discovered in red sandstone, a fine specimen of one of which has been deposited in the museum of the Geological Society, London. The lands westward of the Blackwater are extremely fertile. There are several handsome seats ; the principal are Argory, The Grange, and Grange Park. The living is a perpetual curacy, in the diocese of Armagh, and in the patronage of the Rector of Clonfeacle ; the stipend is £100 per annum, of which £75 are paid by the rector, and £25 from Primate Boulter's augmentation fund. The glebe-house, towards which the Board of First Fruits contributed £450 and a loan of £50, was built in 1820 ; there are about 2 roods of glebe. The church, a small neat edifice iu the early English style, with a square tower, was built in 1819, at an expense of £1569, of which £900 were a gift and £500 a loan from the same Board ; it has been lately enlarged by the Ecclesiastical Commissioners, at a cost of £230. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish forms part of the union of Clonfeacle ; the chapel is a large and handsome edifice, recently erected. There are places of worship for the Society of Friends, Independents, and Wesleyan Methodists.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 177

47. Fossil fishes in Killyman sandstone quarries

    near Killyman · parish · Tyrone

    Fossil fishes of several species, including recognisable trout and pike, are found in the sandstone formation at Killyman. When stone is raised from the quarry, the fish is found imbedded in it with detailed impressions of gills, eyes, and scales.

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    are formed of uodulcs of basalt, greenstone, porphyry, limestone, chalcedony, jasper, and agate : a branch of them near Fintona is almost exclusively formed of chalcedony, jasper, agates, and quartz. At Killeshill and Newtown-Saville, the formation of the escars is as regular as if they had been artificially arranged. In the sandstone formation in Killyman, Fossil Fishes of several species are found, among which the trout and pike can be distinctly recognised : on raising the stone from the quarry, the fish is found imbedded in it, one side of it being raised in high relief, and the concave impress in the lower stone e.xhibiting the marks of the gills, eyes, and scales, with the utmost accuracy.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 367

48. Fossilised butter firkin found in bog

    near Killagan · population centre · Antrim · 1831

    In 1831 a firkin of butter in a fossilised state was discovered in a bog in Killagan parish, adding to the antiquarian finds associated with the area's earthworks.

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    KILLAGAN, a parish, partly in the barony of Upper DuNLUCE, but chiefly in that of Kilconway, union of Ballymoney, county of Antrim, and province of Ulster, 8 miles (S. E.) from Ballymoney, on the road to Belfast, and also on that from Ballymena to Ballycastle; containing 1404 inhabitants. This parish comprises 3838 statute acres, of which 1406 are in the barony of Upper Dunluce, and 2432 in that of Kilconway : it is in a good state of cultivation, considerable improvement having been made in the system of agriculture. A large expanse of water, called Mount-Hamilton Lough, is about to be drained, and the land brought into profitable cultivation. In the village of Clogh-Mills are some flax and corn mills, and the weaving of linen is carried on by many of the inhabitants of the parish in their own houses. Killagan is a rectory, in the diocese of Connor, forming part of the union and corps of the prebend of Connor in the cathedral of St. Saviour ; the tithe rent-charge is £86. 5. About 50 children are taught in a public school. On a gentle eminence, near the centre of the parish, are some remains of Mount Hamilton Castle, in front of which is the lake before mentioned. There is also a large circular earthwork, called Mount Hamilton Fort, in which Pictish coins, military weapons, arrow-heads of flint, and other relics of antiquity, have been discovered ; and in a bog was found, in 1831, a firkin of butter in a fossilised state.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 32

49. Fossil remains of elk and red-deer near Ballinalee

    Ballinalee · town · Longford

    Fossil remains of various kinds, including bones and horns of elk, have been discovered in limestone caverns and marl throughout the county. In a small lake near Ballinalee, the antlers and bones of red-deer are often found preserved by the antiseptic properties of bog-water.

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    original buildings remain, and their actual site is matter of doubt. At Lanesborough are the ruins of a collegiate church, or preceptory, originally founded by the Knights Templars. The remains of ancient castles are not so numerous here as in most of the other level counties. Granard Castle is built on a hill rising to a considerable height above the town, and commanding an extensive view over all the flat country. Besides Castle Forbes, the Forbes family had a fortified mansion at Longford, which was burned by the O'Nials in 160.5. At Tenellick is the ruin of a strong castle, and near Ballymahon are the remains of two others. There are still remains of Rathcline Castle, the chief residence of the O'Cuins ; and, not far from it, the ruins of a very ancient church. At Ballymahon was a strong castle erected to defend the ford of the Inny, the only traces of which are the cellars, under a house built on its ruins. Barnacor Castle and Lot's Castle, on the Inny, on the opposite banks, were both erected to protect the important pass or ford of that river ; and at Castlecor are some remains of its ancient fortress. Fossil remains of various kinds have been discovered in the limestone caverns and fissures ; many of them are of animals unknown in these regions, and several of species now extinct in Ireland. The bones and horns of the elk have been dug up in the marl at the foot of the Escars, and beneath several of the bogs ; also, in a small lake near Ballinalee the antlers and bones of the red-deer are often found quite sound, having been preserved by the antiseptic properties of the bog-water.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 107

50. Foundation of Augustinian Priory in Mullingar

    Mullingar · town · Westmeath · 1277

    In 1277, Ralph le Petit, Bishop of Meath, established a priory in Mullingar for Canons Regular of the order of St. Augustine. It was dedicated to the Blessed Virgin and known as the 'House of God, of Mullingar.'

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    MULLINGAR, a market and assize town, a parish, and the head of a union, partly in the barony of Far- TULLAGH, but chiefly in that of Moyashel and Mag- HERADERNON, county of Westmeath, and province of Leinster, "20 miles (S. E.) from Longford, and 39 (W. by N.) from Dublin ; containing 9903 inhabitants, of whom 4569 are in the town. This was one of the ancient palatinate towns founded by the English settlers of Meath. In 1'277, Ralph le Petit, Bishop of Meath, established a priory here for Canons Regular of the order of St. Augustine, which was dedicated to the Blessed Virgin, and was long designated the " House of God, of Mullingar." A Dominican friary was founded in 1237, by the family of Nugent, and attained such celebrity that general chapters of the order were repeatedly held in it. In 1329, Lord Thomas Butler was attacked near this town by Mac Geoghegan, and after an obstinate resistance was defeated and slain; in 1464 the town was burned and destroyed by the people of Managh. The monks of Multifarnham, in 1622, commenced the erection of a Franciscan friary, but it was never completed ; the two previous religious establishments continued to subsist till the reign of Elizabeth, when they were finally dissolved. In 1661, the castle and the two dissolved monasteries, with the town and adjacent land, were by royal charter granted to Sir Arthur Forbes, ancestor of the Earl of Granard, and erected into a manor, with very extensive privileges ; and for better peopling the said manor, Mullingar was by the same charter constituted the assize town for the county. In the war of the Revolution, the town was fortified by Gen. de Ginkel, and became the principal rendezvous of William's forces. From this place he led 2000 horse and 1000 foot against the Irish adherents of James II., who 373

    had encamped at Ballymore ; and it was also the headquarters of William's army prior to the siege of Athlone.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 186

51. Foundations of McAuliffe castle at Kilmeen

    Kilmeen · townland · Cork

    The ancient castle of McAuliffe, chief seat of the sept of that name, survives only as traceable foundations. The parish also includes part of the crown estate of Pobble O'Keefe, then under improvement.

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    KILMEEN, a parish, in the union of Kanturk, barony of Duhallow, county of Cork, and province of MuNSTER, 3 miles (\V. S. \V.) from Newmarket ; on the river Blackwater, and on the new road from Roskeenbridge to Castleisland ; containing 10,380 inhabitants. It comprises 36,710 statute acres, about one-fourth of which is arable land ; of the remainder, which consists chiefly of mountain pasture and bog, a large portion is now likely to be brought into cultivation, and the state of agriculture improved, by means of the facilities afforded by the government roads recently constructed through this previously wild and almost impassable district. A court for the manor of Castle M''Auliffe is occasionally held, in which debts not exceeding 40s. late currency are recoverable. The principal seat is Woodview, situated in a well-planted demesne. A portion of the crosvn estate of Pobble O'Keefe, now in progress of improvement, is within the limits of the parish. Kilmeen is in the diocese of Ardfert and Aghadoe ; the rectory is impropriate in the Earl of Donoughmore, and the vicarage forms part of the union of Droumtariffe, in the gift of the Bishop. The tithe rent-charge, £555, is payable in equal portions to the impropriator and the vicar. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish is part of the district of Boherbee, which also includes small portions of the parishes of Droumtariffe and Nohoval-Daly ; the chapel at Boherbee is a spacious modern building ; there is also a chapel at Cushkeem or Cuscian. Of the ancient castle of M''Auliffe, the chief seat of the sept of that name, the foundations only can now be traced. — See Boherbee and King- William's-town.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 44

52. Founder's monument in Kilfenora church

    Kilfenora · town · Clare

    Inside the church at Kilfenora are two monuments, one of which is believed to be that of the founder, bearing a full-length effigy rudely sculptured. A second monument stands to the north of the transept.

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    The parish comprises 10,776J statute acres, a considerable portion of which is good grazing-land, and the remainder mostly under profitable cultivation ; the system of agriculture is improving, and there is a large tract of valuable bog. To the east of the town is a turlough, which in summer alfords very rich ])asture for fattening cattle, but in the winter is under deep water after heavy rains. A new road has been made between the town and Ennistymon, with great benefit to the intervening district. The chief seats are Ballykeale and Kilcarragh. The living is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of Kilfenora, united from time immemorial to the rectories of Clouney and Kiltoraght, together constituting the corps of the deanery of Kilfenora, in the patronage of the Crown : the tithe rent-charge of the parish is £187. 10., and of the whole union £31'2. 10. In the church are two monuments, one of which is supposed to be that of the founder, bearing a full-length effigy rudely sculptured ; and to the north of the transept is another. The deanery or glebe- house, now occupied by the dean's curate, the Rev. Thomas Lyon, and towards the erection of which the Board of First Fruits contributed a gift of £300, and a loan of £450, was built about the year 1813; and has been greatly improved by the Very Rev. W. H. Stackpoole, D.D., the present dean, who has added an extensive range of out-offices to the house : in the shrubberies is a perfect ancient rath, thickly planted. The glebe and deanery lands comprise '231 plantation acres, of which "0 are good pasture and the remainder mountain land ; the gross annual value of the deanery, tithe and glebe inclusive, before the passing of the Rent-charge act, was £482. 18. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish is held with that of Kiltoraght ; the chapel here is a neat modern edifice in the village, and a chapel has been just erected in the parish of Kiltoraght. There is an excellent dis pensary. At Kilcarragh, very near this place, on the estate of Sir W. M'^JMahon, was anciently an hospital or monastery, endowed with a quarter of land, and which, after the Dissolution, was granted to John King. Near the cathedral is a stone cross of very light and beautiful design ; and in the churchyard is a plain cross of great antiquity : there were formerly seven crosses around this place, but these are the only two remaining.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 24

53. Founding of Rathfriland by Alderman Hawkins

    near Rathfriland · town · Down · 1660–1685

    The town of Rathfriland in County Down was founded shortly after the Restoration by Alderman Hawkins of London. Charles II granted him the extensive manor in acknowledgment of his services during the parliamentary war.

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    RATHFRILAND, a market and post town, partly in the parish of Drumballyroney, but chiefly in that of Drumgath, union of Newry, barony of Upper IvKAGH, county of Down, and province of Ulster, I65 miles (\V.) from Downpatrick, and 57;i (N-) from Dublin, on the road from Newry to Downpatrick ; containing 'J 183 inhabitants. This town was founded, soon after the Restoration, by Alderman Hawkins, of London, to whom, in acknowledgment of his very important services (luring the parliamentary war, Charles II. granted the whole of the extensive manor, which is now the property of his lineal descendant. General the Hon. Robert Meade. The benevolent alderman, at his own cost, provided food, clothing, and lodging for 5000 Protestant royalists, who, during the calamitous progress of the war, had fled to London for protection ; collected in England £30,000 for the purchase of corn, wearingapparel, and other necessaries for the support of such as had not been able to effect their escape ; and, with the assistance of a few of his friends, raised the sum of £45,000 for the public service and the use of the king.

    The town is situated on an eminence, previously the site of an ancient fortress, about three miles to the north of the Morne mountains ; and consists of a spacious square, and five principal and several smaller streets, containing together 480 houses, which are in general well built and of handsome appearance, surrounding the crown of the hill. The principal streets communicate with five great roads from different parts of the county, but, from the acclivity of the site, the roads form steep entrances into the town ; from which in every direction are extensive and interesting views of the surrounding country. A considerable traffic is carried on with the adjacent district, and the town itself is the residence of numerous respectable families. The market is on Wednesday, and is amply supplied ; fairs are held on the second Wednesday in April (O. S.), the Wednesday after Trinity, the second Wednesday in September (O. S.), and the second Wednesday in December. The Vol. II.— 457

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 250

54. Founding of the See of Ross by St. Fachnan

    Ross Carbery · town · Cork · 500–599

    The See of Ross originated with the foundation of a monastery by St. Faughnan (Fachnan) in the 6th century. The monastery's church became the cathedral of the diocese, and its founder became the first bishop.

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    The See of Ross had its origin in the foundation of the monastery by St. Faughnan or Fachnan, surnamed Mongach or "the Hairy ;" the church of which, according to the best authorities, became the cathedral of the diocese in the 6th century, and its founder the first bishop. St. Fachnan was succeeded by St. Ftnchad ; but neither of him nor of his successors, with the exception of Doiigal Mac Folact, whom Flaherty makes the 'i'th Bishop of Ross, is any thing recorded prior to the arrival of the English. Since that period there has been, with little intermission, a regular succession of bishops, the first of whom, Daniel, was consecrated by authority of Pope Celestine at Rome, and succeeded to the prelacy in 1197. But having obtained the see by forged letters alleged to have been from the Irish bishops, an inquiry was instituted ; and he was deprived by Pope Innocent III., by whose order Florence, who had been canonically elected, was confirmed by apostolic authority in 1210. During the prelacy of Matthew O'Fm, who presided over the see from isiO till 1330, several of its possessions, which had been unjustly usurped by Thomas Barret and Philip de Carew, were recovered by default ; but the crown thinking the recovery had been made by collusion, to avoid the statute of Mortmain, ordered an inquest to be held, which decided, however, in favour of the bishop. In 13*7 the see was vacant, and the custos was fined 100 marks for not appearing upon summons at the parhament held at Castledermot. Thomas O'Herlihy, who succeeded in 1.563, assisted, with Donat, Bishop of Raphoe, and Eugene, Bishop of Achonry, at the council of Trent in that year. He was succeeded by Jfllliam Lyon, during whose prelacy the see was united by Queen Elizabeth to that of Cork, with which it has ever since continued ; and with which, under the provisions of the Church 493

    Temporalities act, it was, on the death of Dr. Brinkley in Sept. 1&35, united to the see of Cloyne, now the bishopric of Cloyne, Cork, and Ross. The temporalities became vested in the Ecclesiastical Commissioners.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 265

55. Four caverns with stalactites near Black Rock, Rathlin

    near Rathlin Island · island or archipelago · Antrim

    Four remarkable caverns near the Black Rock, south of Church Bay on Rathlin Island, penetrate a basaltic mass yet contain calcareous stalactites depending from the roof. The continual dripping has deposited an incrustation about an inch thick on the floor beneath.

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    gross income of the benefice £91. 9- The church, towards the erection of which the late Board of First Fruits contributed £H00, is a neat edifice with a square tower, erected in 1815. The Roman Catholic chapel is a plain building. There are some slight remains of the ruined fortress called Bruce's Castle, of the original foundation of which nothing is upon record. Almost in the centre of the island are some small tumuli ; in one of these was a stone coffin, near which were an earthen vessel, and a considerable number of human bones j and on the plain where the tumuli are placed have been found brazen swords, spear-heads, and a large fibula, which are deposited in the museum of Trinity College, Dublin. Not far from the Black Rock, on the south of Church bay, are four remarkable caverns, which, though penetrating a basaltic mass and at a point remote from any calcareous formation, have calcareous stalactites depending from the roof, which by their continual dropping have deposited an incrustation, about an inch in thickness, on the floor beneath.

    RATHLIN O'BEIRNE.— See Glencollumbkille. RATHLINE.— See Rathcline. RATHLOGAN, an ancient parish, in the union of Kilkenny, barony of Galmoy, county of Kilkenny, and province of Leinster, on the confines of the county of Tipperary ; containing 218 inhabitants, and comprising 485 statute acres.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 251

56. Foxall improvements on Slieve Gullion

    Slieve Gullion · townland · Armagh

    Jos. Foxall, Esq. began improvements on Slieve Gullion, planting part of the mountain, and Powell Foxall, Esq. carried them on extensively, forming a road halfway up the mountain on an inclination of one in twenty feet. Granite quarries and chalybeate springs are also found in the district.

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    MEIGH, an ecclesiastical district, in the union of Newry, barony of Upper Orior, county of Armagh, and province of Ulster, 4 miles (S. W.) from Newry, and on the road from Dublin to Belfast. This district was formed in 1830, by separating some townlands from the parish of Killevey. Agriculture is improving, and the waste land consists of bog or mountain, well adapted for the growth of trees. A part of the mountain was planted by Jos. Foxall, Esq., who was the first to commence the improvements on Slieve Gullion which have been carried on to a great extent by Powell Foxall, Esq., who has formed a road halfway up the mountain on an inclination of one in twenty feet. There are some quarries of a fine description of granite ; also one of a hard flagstone which is used for building ; and from the existence of very strong chalybeate springs, it is supposed that iron might be found. Here are two corn-mills ; and some linen, diaper, frieze, and drugget are manufactured. Petty-sessions are held on alternate Mondays. The principal seats are Killevey Castle, Heath Hall, Carrickbrede, and Hawthorn Hill. The LIVING is a perpetual curacy, in the diocese of Armagh, and in the patronage of the Rector of Killevey, who receives the tithes of Meigh, which are included with those of Killevey : the curate's income was £75 per annum, but it has been raised to £100 by the present rector. There is no glebe-house. The church is a neat

    M ELL

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 150

57. Foxhall built on site of Rathrea castle

    Foxhall · townland · Longford

    In the parish of Rathrea, County Longford, Foxhall residence stands on the site of the old castle of Rathrea. The parish is situated on the confines of County Westmeath, separated by the river Inny.

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    RATHRE.\, a parish, in the barony of Ardagh, union and county of Longford, and province of Leinster, 5 miles (S.) from Edgeworthstown ; containing 1123 inhabitants. It is situated on the confines of the county of Westmeath, from which it is separated by the river Inny ; and comprises 4023^ statute acres : a large portion consists of bog and unprofitable mountain, and the arable land is but of ordinary quality ; limestone abounds. There is a large flour-mill. On the site of the old castle of Rathrea is Foxhall, a residence. The parish is in the diocese of Ardagh : the rectory is impropriate in R. M. Fox, Esq., and the vicarage forms part of the union of Kilglass. The tithe rent-charge is £82. 6. 6., of which £28. 12. S. are payable to the

    3 O

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 252

58. Foxhall church ruins with monument to Sir N. Fox

    Foxhall · townland · Longford

    In the demesne of Foxhall in the parish of Rathrea, County Longford, stand the ruins of a church containing a monument to Sir N. Fox. The parish lies on the border of County Westmeath, separated by the river Inny.

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    impropriator, and the remainder to the vicar. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish is part of the district of Lagan, and has a chapel at Ballycloghan. In the demesne of Foxhall are the ruins of the church, containing a monument to Sir N. Fox.

    RATHREA, a parish, in the union of Ballin.i, barony of Tyrawlev, county of Mavo, and province of Con NAUGHT, 5 miles (\V.) from Killala, and on the road from Ballina to Crossmolina ; containing 1664 inhabitants. It is bounded by the river Owenmore, and comprises 4l6-t statute acres. The land is mostly under tillage, and the state of agriculture i.s improving, though much of the old system is still adhered to : there is but little bog, and abundance of limestone may be obtained. Fairs are held on March 17th, the Thursday after Trinity Sunday, June 24th, Sept. 29th, and Dec. 26th, for cows, horses, and sheep ; but they are not much frequented. The parish is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of Killala : the rectory is partly appropriate to the vicars-choral of the cathedrals of Christ Church and St. Patrick's, Dublin ; the vicarage forms part of the union of Ballisakeery. The tithe rent-charge is £120, half payable to the vicar. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish is part of the district of Kilfian. An old burial-ground on the land of Major Gardiner is still used.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 252

59. Foyle College founded under James I and rebuilt in 1814

    near Derry · city · Derry · 1603–1814

    The Diocesan school, or Foyle College, was originally founded within the walls of Derry as a free grammar school during the reign of James I. It was rebuilt on a site north of the city in 1814, chiefly through the exertions of Bishop Knox who contributed £1000 toward the total cost of £13,714. The school includes a divinity library collected by Bishop Hopkins.

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    The Diocesan school, or Foyle College, was originally founded within the walls as a free grammar school, in the reign of James I., and was rebuilt on its present site to the north of the city in 1814, chiefly through the exertions of Bishop Knox, who gave £1000 towards the expense, which amounted to £13,714. 13., and was further defrayed by donations from the Irish Society and London Companies, sale of stock, and grand jury presentments. It is a simple but handsome edifice of stone, consisting of a centre and two wings, and pleasantly situated on the bank of the river. The building is sufficiently capacious to accommodate SO boarders ; there are at present about 30 boarders, and as many day-scholars, exclusive of 20 v^•ho are free : the day pupils not free pay £4. 4. per annum for mercantile, and £7. 7. per annum for classical, instruction. There is no endowment, but the Irish Society, the bishop, and the clergy of the diocese, subscribe annually to the amount of about £200 ; this, with the emoluments arising from the boarders and from the day scholars who are not free, constitutes the income of the master : the bishop and the dean and chapter are trustees. The school has deservedly been held in great estimation, owing to the high literary acquirements of the masters. Attached to the institution is an excellent library of works on divinity, collected by Bishop Hopkins, and purchased and presented by his successor, Bishop King; it has been augmented by a donation of £100 from 2 M 2

    LO ND

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 105

60. Foyle estuary at Culmore

    near Culmore · town · Derry

    The River Foyle intersects the liberties of the city of Londonderry and at Culmore, six miles below the city, expands into the estuary of Lough Foyle. Culmore appears formerly to have been insulated by the river.

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    The principal rivers are the Foyle, the Bann, the Roe, and the Faughan. The Foyle, which derives its name from the smoothness of its current, intersects the liberties of the city of Londonderry, in a majestic course north-eastward, having descended from Lifford, where, after the union of several important streams, it first obtains its name : at Culmore, six miles below the city, which it appears formerly to have insulated, it expands into the estuary of Lough Foyle. The Bann, or "'White River," so called from the purity of its waters, intersects the liberties of Coleraine, within four miles of its junction with the ocean ; but the navigation is greatly obstructed by shallows and a very dangerous bar, where the currents of the fresh water and the tide meet. The Roe, or " Red River," so called from the colour of its waters, receives at Dungiven the Owen- Reagh : in its course directly north, it is joined from the mountains on each side, by the Owen-Beg, the Gelvin-water, the Balteagh river, and the Castle and Curley rivers ; and winding through the fertile flat by Newtown-Limavady, it falls into Lough Foyle at Myroe. The level country bordering the lower part of its course, is exposed to sudden and impetuous floods poured down from the surrounding mountains ; many acres of the finest lands are with difiiculty defended by embankments, and even with this protection the securing of the crop is never a matter of certainty. The deposits brought down by this river form many shifting banks in the lough, which prevent its mouth from becoming a convenient little port, although there is sufficient depth of water at high tides. The Faughan in its course receives many rills and streams from the heights, and falls into Lough Foyle ; The Moi/ola is a considerable stream descending into Lough Neagh. The principal tributaries of the Bann are the Claudy, Agivey, and Macos(iuin streams. The roads are numerous and highly important : several very useful lines have been made, and others greatly improved, solely at the expense of the Drapers' Company ; all the other roads are kept in repair by grand jury presentments.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 96