A topographical dictionary of Ireland : comprising the several counties; cities; boroughs; corporate, market and post towns; parishes; and villages, with historical and statistical descriptions embellished with engravings of the arms of the cities, bishopricks, corporate towns, and boroughs ; and of the seals of the several municipal corporations .. (vol. 2)

Each story keeps the passage it was read from. Open one to read it as the scan has it, and, where the companion has written its own telling, that too. The passages are read off photographs of the page by machine, so a word here and there comes out wrong; they are kept as the reading produced them, so you can check any of them against the scan.

1. Holy stone tradition at Killowen, Cork

   Killowen · townland · Cork

   A large mass of white quartz, called the 'Holy stone' by the peasantry, stands in the parish of Killowen in County Cork. According to tradition, the priest formerly assembled the parishioners around this stone for public worship.

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   KILLOWEN, KiLLOwNEY, or Kilrowen, a parish, situated in the union of Bandon, barony of Kinxalmeaky, county of Cork, and province of Musster, 4^ miles (W.) from Bandon, on the road from that place to Dunmanway ; containing 366 inhabitants. It comprises 1'264 statute acres ; the land is generally good, and a better system of agriculture is now beginning to be pursued. The living is a rectory, in the diocese of Cork, and in the patronage of Lord Kinsale: the tithe rent-charge is £105. 9- 6. Divine service is performed in a house licensed by the bishop. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish forms part of the district of Templemartin. Here is a large mass of white quartz, called by the peasantry the " Holy stone," around which, according to tradition, the priest formerly assembled the parishioners for public worship.

   KILLOWEN, or St. John's Church, a parish, in the union and barony of Coleraine, county of Londonderry, and province of Ulster ; forming part of the suburbs of Coleraine, and containing 270S inhabitants. This parish, which is included within the present borough of Coleraine, is situated on the western bank of the river Bann, and is connected with the town, on the opposite side, by a fine newly-built stone bridge of three arches. That part of the parish which is more especially the suburb consists chiefly of a long street called Captain-street, forming a continuation of Bridgestreet, Coleraine. It contains many small houses, nearly the w hole of which are held at will by tenants under the Clothworkers" Company of London, which company obtained a lease of the parish from the Irish Society, to whom it had been granted by James I. in 1609- In another street, called Killowen-street, and which is bishop's land, is the church. A small trade is carried on, chiefly in the manufacture of calicoes and ginghams ; and fairs are held on May I'ith and July 5th. The parish comprises 17S8 statute acres : the lands are chiefly under tillage ; the soil is fertile, and the system of agriculture greatly improved. Jackson's Hall, now

   Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 40

2. Holy Trinity church at Kilross, 13th-century Premonstratensian foundation

   Kilross · townland · Sligo · 1200–1299

   The church of the Holy Trinity at Kilross was built for Premonstratensian Canons brought from Lough Kee by Clarus Mac Moylin O'Moilchonry, archdeacon of Elphin, in the 13th century. The outer walls still remain with a burial-place attached.

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   KILROSS, or Kilrasse, a parish, in the barony of TiRAGHRiLL, union and county of Sligo, and province of CoNNAVGHT, '2^ Hiiles (E.) from CoUooney, on the road to Dromahaire ; containing 1633 inhabitants. The church of the Holy Trinity, or Athmoy, was built here for Prsnionstratensian Canons brought from Lough Kee by Clarus Mae Moyhn O'Moillchonry, archdeacon of Elphin, in the 13th century : the outer walls still remain, with a burial-place attached. The parish comprises 393'2^ statute acres, and contains abundance of limestone. Near Castle Dargan, a residence, are the ruins of an ancient castle. Kilross is a vicarage in the diocese of Elphin, formerly part of the union of Boyle ; the rectory is impropriate in Viscount Lorton, and the tithe rent-charge is £61. 18., of which nearly half is payable to the impropriator, and the remainder to the vicar. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish forms part of the district of Sowey.

   KILROSSANTY, a parish, in the union of Dun- GANNON, barony of DECiES-without-DRUM, county of Waterford, and province of Minster, 5 miles (\V. S. \V.) from Kilmacthomas, and on the old road from Waterford to Dungarvan; containing 3615 inhabitants. This parish comprises 17,416 statute acres ; the soil is generally of an inferior quality, and there are about 1000 acres of bog. It extends from the eastern base of the Curameragh mountains, and includes the hamlets of Cummeragh and Glendaligan ; the principal seats are Roxborough, Mount Kennedy, and Brook Lodge. Fairs are held at Ballycaroge on the '2nd and 21st of October. The living is a vicarage, in the diocese of Lismore, and in the gift of the Bishop, who also presents to the rectory, which forms the corps of the prebend of Kilrossanty in the cathedral of Lismore : the tithe rent-charge is £450, of which £300 are payable to the prebendary, and £150 to the vicar. The glebehouse was erected in 1807, by aid of a gift of £100 and a loan of £314 from the late Board of First Fruits ; the glebe comprises 17 acres. The church was built in 1808, bv a gift of £500 from the same Board, and has

   Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 55

3. Holy well and Crucifixion stone near Rostellan demesne

   Rostellan · townland · Cork

   Near the Rostellan demesne is a holy well much venerated by the peasantry, with an ash-tree covered with their offerings to the patron saint. A nearby stone bears a rude sculpture of the Crucifixion, and within the demesne are limestone rocks with natural caverns and stalactites.

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   The living is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of Cloyne, formerly a part of the union of Aghada, from which, on the demise of Dr. Brinkley in 183.5, it was separated and made a distinct benefice, in the patronage of the Crown. The tithe rent-( harge is £'216. 5. 6. : the glebe, at Kilteskin, for which the old glebe, nowforming part of the demesne of Rostellan Castle, was exchanged, comprises 47 acres. The parishioners attend divine service at Aghada or Cloyne. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish forms part of the district of Aghada ; there is a small chapel at Ballinrostig. The ancient castle of Rostellan was, during the parliamentary war, surrendered to Lord Inchiquin in 1645, but was afterwards retaken by Lord Castlehaven, who also made prisoners Lord Inchiquin's brother and Colonel Courtenay, who had been sent to demolis-h it. Near the demesne is a holy well much venerated by the peasantry, and an ash-tree is literally covered with their offerings to the patron saint ; not far distant is a stone on which is sculptured a rude representation of the Crucifixion ; and within the demesne are some limestone rocks, in which are capacious natural caverns, with stalactites depending from the roof.

   Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 266

4. Holy well and penance wall at Kilmacduagh

   Kilmacduagh · townland · Galway

   An old wall north of the church at Kilmacduagh is traditionally associated with a place for penance, and nearby is a holy well with a circular enclosure. These features are part of the monastic landscape around the cathedral.

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   The parish comprises 8804^ statute acres, of which about 600 are waste and exhausted bog, and the remainder in a tolerable state of cultivation; from the e.xhausted state of the bogs, fuel is scarce. The living is a vicarage, episcopally united from time immemorial to the vicarage of Kilbeaconty and the rectory of Kiltarton, together constituting the union and corps of the deanery of Kilmacduagh, in the patronage of the Crown ; the rectory is appropriate to the treasurership and precentorship of the cathedral of St. Colman. The tithe rent-charge of the parish is £166. 14. S., of which £5'2. 10. are payable to the treasurer, £4,5 to the precentor, and the remainder to the dean ; the gross annual value of the deanery, including tithes and glebe, before the passing of the Rent-charge act was £45'2. 13. The church, towards the erection of which the Board of First Fruits granted a loan of £1400, in 1814, is a handsome edifice. The same Board contributed £300 and a loan of £500 towards the erection of the deaneryhouse : the glebe of the union comprises 4| acres. The Roman Catholic parish is co-extensive with that of the Established Church, and has two chapels ; one of them at Gort, a large slated building ; and one of smaller dimensions at Taernevin, which is a plain thatched building. Some remains of the monastery built on, the site of the ancient abbey founded by St. Colman, yet exist to the north-west of the cathedral, and are situated on a neck of land between two loughs ; they consist chiefly of the church, which, though small, appears to have been of very elegant design. To the south of the church is the sacristy, and adjoining it is an arched room in which probably were deposited the valuable effects belonging to the establishment ; south of these, are the chapel and refectory. To the north, about two feet from the church, is an old wall, which, according to tradition, belonged to a place for penance ; and not far from it is a holy well, with a circular inclosure. Near the church, also, is an ancieiit round tower, which declines about 17 feet from the perpendicular. In a lake in the parish, called Lough Deehan, the waters having sunk very low in the year 1784 or 1785, a house was discovered in the mud at the bottom, formed of oak timber of great thickness, and the sides and roof of which were of wattle-work of the same substance ; it appeared as if intended to float, and the timber of which it was constructed was perfectly sound.

   Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 42

5. Holy well at Kill in Kilflyn parish, Kerry

   Kilflyn · parish · Kerry

   Vestiges of the old church remain in Kilflyn parish. At Kill, a holy well is still frequented by the peasantry for devotional purposes, preserving a longstanding local pilgrimage tradition.

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   parish forms part of the district of Abbeydorney : the chapel is a plain building. Some vestiges exist of the old church ; and at Kill is a holy well, still frequented by the peasantry for devotional purposes.

   KILFLYN, a parish, in the union of Kilmallock, barony of Costlea, county of Limerick, and province of Munster, 8 miles (S. E.) from Kilmallock, and on the road from Limerick to Kildorrcry ; containing 177M inhabitants. This parish, which is situated in the midst of a group of mountains separating the counties of Cork and Limerick, was waste and uncultivated previously to the year 1740, when a considerable number of Palatines, a branch from the colony of Rathkeale, settled here, and contributed to its improvement. It contains 4S19 statute acres; a great portion is still unproductive, but much of the waste has been brought into cultivation, and at the head of Glenroe is a large tract of land equal to any in the barony for fertility. The principal mountains are Kilcruig and Coolfrie, or Houndscourt. Slate of good quality is quarried in the immediate neighbourhood. The living is a rectory, in the diocese of Limerick, and in the patronage of the Bishop : the tithe rent-charge is £120. The church, a neat edifice with a square tower, was built in 181 1, by a gift of £700 from the Board of First Fruits, who, in 1819, gave £200 towards the erection of the glebe-house, which is a handsome residence; the glebe comprises 15 acres. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish forms part of the district of Glenroe ; the chapel, situated in the village of Ballyorgan, is a small thatched building. There are remains of a Trinitarian monastery founded by St. Finian about the year 547, and rebuilt in 1296 by the Fitzgeralds, whose property in this parish now belongs to the Provost and Fellows of Trinity College, Dublin. A considerable portion of the building fell down in 1835, having been undermined in digging for treasure supposed to have been deposited there.

   Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 25

6. Holy well at Tullaghorton attracting pilgrims

   Tullaghorton · parish · Tipperary

   Within Tullaghorton parish there is a holy well to which pilgrims resort once a year. The parish forms part of the Roman Catholic district of Ballylooby or Whitechurch.

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   TULLAGHORTON, a parish, in the union of Clo- GHEEN, barony of Iffa and Offa West, county of TippERARY, and province of Mi'nsteu, on the coachroad from Clonmel to Cork, and on the river Tar ; containing, with part of the post-town of Clogheen, 2198 inhabitants. This parish contains 6889 statute acres, mostly under tillage. Here is abundance of limestone, used for manure and for building ; and peat is cut on the mountain, much of which is reclaimable. A silvermine was worked for a short time, about 50 years since, on the townland of Castle-Grace ; but it was discontinued, though the ore was considered valuable. An extensive flour-mill, employing from 30 to 40 persons, and which is supposed to have cost £6000, has been built at Castle-Grace by Samuel Grubb, Esq., of Clogheen. A manorial court is held in the parish by the seneschal of the Earl of Glengall, lord of the manor. The chief seats are Parson's Green, Castle-Grace, and Ballyboy. The living, now suppressed, was a rectr)ry and vicarage, in the diocese of Lismore; the rectory formed the corps of the prebend of Lismore, with which the vicarage was held, and was in the patronage of the Bishop. The tithe rent-charge is £'291. 7- ; the glebe, close to the site of the old church, comprises 3r. 6p., and was annexed to the vicarage. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish forms part of the district of Ballylooby, or Whitechurch, and contains a chapel. There is a holy well, to which pilgrims resort once a year. The ruins of a castle here, denominated Castle-Grace, consist at present of two towers on the east side, comprising an area about 40 yards square : it was erected as a strong position to check the inroads of the Desmonds by Raymond le Gros, who came over with Strongbow and received a grant of this property, with other possessions, from King John ; it passed to the Butler family, and is now the property of the Earl of Glengall. At Ballyboy are slight remains, indicating that it was once of considerable strength, of an old castle formerly belonging to the Desmonds.

   Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 357

7. Holywell Hill highest point in Templemore parish

   Holywell Hill · hill or hills · Derry

   The southern group of hills in Templemore parish rises at its southern extremity into Holywell Hill, 860 feet above the sea. A wide valley extending from the Foyle at Pennyburn separates the hills into two groups.

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   The PARISH, as at present constituted, contains 12,611 statute acres. It is bounded by the river Foyle and Lough Foyle on the east, and by the county of Donegal on every other side ; extending about eight miles in length from north-east to south-west, and less than three in its greatest breadth in the contrary direction. The surface is beautifully undulating, presenting a succession of hills, mostly cultivated or under pasture. A wide valley, extending from the Foyle at Pennybum, separates the hills into two groups. Of these the southern is the more prominent, rising at its southern extremity into Holywell hill, 860 feet above the sea ; the highest point of the northern group, in Elaghmore, is not more than 354 feet. The lake of Ballyarnet, occupying portions of the three townlands of Ballyarnet, Ballynashallog, and Ballynagard, contains 3a. 3r. 27p. ; its height above the sea is about 100 feet. Except the Foyle, which is navigable for small craft to Castlefin, there is no body of water entitled to the name of river : the numerous small streams which irrigate the parish, flow eastward into the main river or lough, with the exception of one, which, passing by Coshquiu, terminates in Lough Swilly. Springs are numerous ; not fewer than eight occur within a tract of about 20 acres, in Springhill and Creggan ; several of them are slightly chalybeate. The coast of Lough Foyle, where it borders the parish, is low, and destitute of any striking characteristic features. It is the general opinion of the intelligent farmers here that a marked amelioration has taken place in the climate : the seasons both of seed time and harvest have advanced considerably ; and the extended cultivation of wheat, and the increasing number of quails, are further proofs of it.

   Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 323

8. Holy well in bog at Mayne, Westmeath

   Mayne · townland · Westmeath

   A small well situated in a bog in the parish of Mayne, County Westmeath, is resorted to by great numbers of the peasantry.

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   The parish is in the diocese of Meath : the rectory is impropriate in the Marquess of Westmeath ; the vicarage forms part of the union of Rathgraff; and there is a perpetual curacy, in the gift of the Vicar. The tithe rent-charge is £153. 14., of which £68. 6. are paid to the impropriator, and the remainder to the vicar; the latter pays £55. 7- 8. to the perpetual curate, who also receives £36. 15. from the trustees of Primate Boulter's fund. The glebe-house was built in 1812, by aid of a gift of £450 and a loan of £50 from the Board of First Fruits. The church is a neat building, in excellent repair, erected in 1806, by aid of a gift of £500 from the same Board. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish is the head of a district, sometimes called Turbotstown, comprising this parish and that of Faughley or Faughanstown, in each of which is a chapel. The parochial schools are aided by annual grants from the Pakenham family, and Lord Longford has given a house and an acre of land ; a school at Turbotstown is chiefly supported by the Dease family. A small well in a bog is resorted to by great numbers of the peasantry : there are remains of an old castle at Williamstown, and on the lands of Mayne stand the ruins of the ancient church.

   Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 141

9. Holy well near Rathclarin church

   Rathclarin · parish · Cork

   Near the parish church of Rathclarin is a holy well, covered over by a small building. This represents a local devotional site of traditional significance.

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   RATHCLARIN, a parish, in the union of Bandon, Eastern division of the barony of East Carbery, county of Cork, and province of Munster, 4^ miles (S. by E.) from Bandon ; containing 2907 inhabitants. This parish, which is situated on the northern shore of Court M'^Sherry bay and intersected by the small river Arigideen, which here falls into the bay, comprises .5901 statute acres. The land is in general good, and under a profitable system of cultivation, producing abundant crops, the principal of which are wheat and potatoes ; but, on the south side of the parish, several large fields have been covered with sand drifted from a small inlet, and are thus rendered utterly unavailable for agricultural operations ; the hedge-rows and fences have disappeared, and the deposits are progressively increasing. The principal seats are Gortnahorna, Glenville, Maryborough, Gortaglana, Ballycallen Demesne, Ballycalien, Riversdale House, and Harbourview. The living is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of Cork, and in the patronage of the Bishop : the tithe rent-charge is £487. 10. The glebe-house, built in 1794, and towards which the late Board of First Fruits contributed £100, is a very handsome residence ; the glebe comprises 24 acres. The church is a small but very neat edifice, nearly in the centre of the parish, and was modernised and thoroughly repaired in 1835, at an expense of £314, defrayed by the Ecclesiastical Commissioners. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish is the head of a union, comprising also Kilbritain, and parts of the parishes of Ringrone and Ballymodan : the chapel, a large edifice, is at Kilbritain. Near the church is a holy well, covered over by a small building ; and about two miles to the north- west are the ruins of the very ancient church of Cloundereen, supposed to have been founded by the Knights Templars in 1296.

   RATHCLINE, or Rathline, a parish, in the union of Longford, barony of Rathcline, county of Longford, and province of Leinster ; containing, with the greater portion of the market and post town of Lanesborough, 3095 inhabitants. This place is situated on 450

   Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 246

10. Holy well of St. Anne in Kilmore

    Kilmore · town · Wexford

    Near the Roman Catholic chapel in the district of Kilmore is a holy well dedicated to St. Anne. A patron is held there on July 26th, and on the eve, relatives decorate the graves of their deceased with flowers.

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    is incorporated with the present and comparatively modern castellated mansion, flanked with towers, and surmounted with battlements. The predecessor of the late Mr. Harvey, Beauchamp B. Harvey, Esq., on the evacuation of Wexford by the king's troops, was induced to take the command of the insurgents, which he held for a short time. After the termination of the disturbances he took refuge in the Great Saltce Island, but was discovered and brought to Wexford, where he was tried and executed ; the estate, however, which was forfeited to the crown, was subsequently restored to the family. The living is a rectory, in the diocese of Ferns, episcopally united to the vicarages of Kilturk and Kilmore, and in the patronage of the Bishop : the tithe rent- charge of the parish is £l,'j'2. 7., and the gross tithe of the benefice £'298. IS. The glebes of the union, which are contiguous to the sites of the respective churches, consist of '24 acres ; there is no glebe-house. The church is in ruins : that of the union is at Kilturk ; it was built in ISOS, by aid of a gift of £600 from the Board of First Fruits. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish forms part of the district of Kilmore, and contains a chapel. Near the chapel is a holy well dedicated to St. Anne, where, on July '26th, a patron is held ; and on the eve of this patron the relatives of deceased persons deck their graves with flowers.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 345

11. Holy well of St. John the Baptist at Rathjordan

    Rathjordan · townland · Limerick

    Near the ruins of the church at Rathjordan stood a holy well dedicated to St. John the Baptist, much frequented by the peasantry, especially on the saint's anniversary. The parish had 473 inhabitants and just over 1,000 acres.

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    RATHJORDAN, a parish, in the union of Kil- MALLOCK, barony of Clanwilliam, county of Limerick, and province of Munster, 5 miles (S.) from Cahirconlish, and on the road from Limerick to Hospital ; containing 473 inhabitants. This parish comprises 1064 statute acres : some of the land is remarkably good, but the holdings being generally small, agriculture as a system is altogether unknown, and the land is cultivated in a very slovenly manner ; the chief crops are oats and potatoes, but wheat is becoming more general than formerly. Rathjordan is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of Emly, forming part of the union and corps of the precentorship of Emly : the tithe rentcharge is £52. 10. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish is part of the district of Herbertstown and Hospital. Not far from the ruins of the church is a holy well dedicated to St. John the Baptist, much frequented by the peasantry, especially on the anniversary of the saint.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 250

12. Holy well of St Kieran at Seir-Kieran

    Seirkieran · parish · Offaly

    A holy well dedicated to St Kieran was located at Seir-Kieran, alongside the remains of an ancient village at Drumoyle and the ruins of the monastic establishment.

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    Kieran the elder, who in the earliest period of the Christian church, founded u monastery licre, and is said also to have made it the seat of a small bishopric. So early (lid he exercise his mission, that he has been styled the father of the Irish saints. This establishment was repeatedly plundered by the Danes and other freebooters ; aud in 1().">2 the see of Seir-Kieran was removed to Aghaboe, and thence finally to Kilkenny. To this see the manor anciently belonged, and it was recovered to the bishops by trial of single combat in r284. In succeeding ages a monastery, dedicated to St. Kieran, was founded for Canons Regular of the order of St. Augustine, the ruins of which are still to be seen : the possessions of this monastery, at the Dissolution, were granted to Sir William Taafe, and by him assigned to James, Earl of Roscommon. The parish comprises SS-^.t statute acres, of which 16'2 are woodland, 64 bog aud waste, the remainder being arable aud pasture: limestone is found, and agriculture is improving. The seats are Oakely Park and Grange House. The living is a vicarage, in the diocese of Ossory, and in the patronage of the Bishop ; the rectory is impropriate. The tithe rent-charge is £1'20. 3., of which £63. *. are payable to the impropriator, and the remainder to the vicar, who has an augmentation from Primate Boulter's fund, making his income £100 per annum: the glebe comprises I'-i acres ; the glebe -house was built by a gift of £450 and a loan of £88, in 1814, from the late Board of First Fruits. The church stands on the site of the monastery ; it was rebuilt lately, at a cost of £608, of which £540 were from the funds of the Ecclesiastical Commissioners. The Roman Catholic parish is coextensive with that of the Established Church, and contains two chapels, one at Clareen, and the other at Fancraft, both plain buildings in good repair. Ruins exist of the old fort of Ballybritt, once a place of some importance, and from which the barony derived its name : at Drumoyle are the remains of a village. Here is the holy well of St. Kieran.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 276

13. Holywell spring reputed to cure ague and palsy

    Holywell · townland · Wicklow

    A spring on the demesne of Holywell in Kilcoole parish is traditionally considered efficacious against ague and palsy. It remains a locally noted healing well.

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    The parish is in the diocese of Dublin and Glendalough, and is a rectory and vicarage, forming part of the union of Delgany : the tithe rent-charge is £201. 15. 3. The ruins of the old church and cemetery are inclosed with a stone wall, and part has been converted into a mausoleum for the Scott family, of Ballygannon. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish is the head of a district called Kilquade and Kilmurry, comprising also the parishes of Newcastle and Delgany, with parts of those of Bray and Powerscourt ; there are two chapels, situated respectively at Kilquade and Kilmurry, the former a handsome edifice of modern erection, dedicated to St. Patrick, and the other dedicated to St. Catharine. Of several schools, two were built by Lady Harriet Daly, and are supported by Miss Daly. There are the remains of an old church on the farm of Ballyhorsey ; great numbers of human bones and skeletons have been dug up in the vicinity. On the demesne of Holywell is a spring, the water of which is considered efficacious in ague and palsy.

    KILCOOLEY, a parish, in the union of Trim, barony of Upper Navan, county of Meath, and province of Leinster, li mile (E. by N.) from Trim, on the road from that place to Navan ; containing 303 inhabitants. The parish comprises 2455 statute acres : the land is principally under tillage, and there is some good pasturage ; also limestone, which is quarried for building. Here is a large flour-mill. Rathnally is a handsome seat, pleasantly situated in a well-planted demesne on the banks of the Boyne. The parish is in the diocese of Meath ; the rectory is impropriate in the Marquess of Drogheda, and the vicarage forms part of the union of Trim": the tithe rent-charge is £S1, of which £62. 6. are payable to the impropriator, and the remainder to the vicar. In the Roman Catholic divisions Kilcooley is considered to be part of the union or district of Churchtown.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 16

14. Hook Head lighthouse

    near Hook Head · promontory · Wexford

    The extreme south-west point of the county is marked by a lighthouse at Hook Head, 140 feet high, with a steady fixed light. On doubling this point, the navigator enters the grand and safe estuary of Waterford harbour.

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    forming a floating-dock. Wexford harbour is large and capacious ; but its entrance is obstructed by a bar, and the navigation is in other respects dangerous. The Tuscar Rock hes about seven miles south-east of Greenore Point : it is marked by a revolving light of three faces, two bright, the third a deep red ; a bell, also, rings in foggy weather. In the northern part of We.Kford harbour are the islands of Beg Erin, or Little Ireland, and Great Island, both inhabited : the former is of very small extent, but ancient fame ; the latter contains about .SO acres. On doubling Carnsore Point, the Saltee Islands, two in number, the Larger and the Smaller, present themselves off the southern coast. A late return from the resident incumbent of the adjoining parish on the main land, states that these islands are considered to form part of the county of Tipperary. The larger is a mile long and half a mile broad, but not more than one-third of it consists of arable land ; the lesser is about a mile in circuit ; both are high, and contain some rocky pasture. From the lesser island to the main land is a ridge of rocks called St. Patrick's bridge, extremely dangerous, having not more than from 7 to 10 feet of water above them at low tide. Farther westward is Bagenbon Head, and near it the small dry harbour of Fethard. What was formerly called "Slade Island " is connected with Bannow by a narrow isthmus of sand. The extreme south-west point of the county is marked by a lighthouse at Hook Head, 140 feet high, with a steady fixed light. On doubling this point the navigator finds himself within the grand and safe estuary of Waterford harbour, into which the united streams of the Suir, Barrow, and Nore are received.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 393

15. Hook Point limestone with fossils at extremity of peninsula

    near Hook Head · promontory · Wexford

    A tongue of floetz-limestone extends to the extremity of Hook Point, arranged in thin strata dipping towards the south. The limestone contains numerous bivalves and corallites, and its connexion with the underlying sandstone is most conspicuous on the eastern coast.

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    The eastern side of Waterford harbour, in this county, consists principally of day-slate in strata nearly vertical, but the rock is surmounted by a cap of sandstone in Broomhill : a similar cap occurs more to the south, in Templetown hill, which gradually declines till it underlines the tongue of floetz-limestone which extends to the extremity of Hook Point. This limestone is arranged in strata only a few inches in thickness, dipping at an angle of from 4° to 8° towards the south, and contains numerous bivalves and corallites : its connexion with the sandstone is most conspicuous on the eastern coast, proceeding along which to the north the limestone becomes interstratified with slate-clay ; and this latter rock at length predominates, alternating with very thin beds of limestone, and acquiring a much higher elevation. At the point of junction with the red sandstone beneath it, at Houseland Castle, the latter is of a fine grain and red cast : more to the north it acquires a coarser structure, thick beds of conglomerate being interstratified with fine-grained, red, perishable sandstone. These rocks form a bold coast of abrupt precipices, extending to Carnyven headland, eastward of Templetown hill and south of Bagenbon Head. Detached portions of the sandstone shew themselves in other places. The inner haven of Wexford is partly lined with four isolated patches of this rock lying unconformably on the clay-slate ; it is of a deep red colour, and is principally composed of fragments of quartz, with a few of clay-slate, cemented by iron-shot quartz. Park Point, on the south side of the haven, consists chiefly of this sandstone arranged in strata from one to two feet thick, which are sometimes separated by a thin seam of red soapy clay. On the western side of the northern extremity of the inner basin is another smaller patch of red conglomerate, situated to the west of the Castle bridge. In a dell westward of Artraniont Castle is a similar small patch, and a fourth of larger extent occurs in Saunders Court demesne. At Duncormuck is another patch of sandstone, which comes in contact with floetz-limestone ; and it is found in the Saltee Islands, where it is based on the clay-slate. At Ballyback, where Waterford harbour narrows to the north, arc caps of sandstone conglomerate, reposing unconformably on clay-slate, and containing many pebbles of granite, but fragments of clay-slate are the predominating constituents. The great body of the rugged and isolated hill of Taragh, east of Gorey, consists of porphyry, with a compact felspar base, that sometimes passes into hornstone, containing inlaid crystals of glassy felspar ; but greenstone also appears occasionally. Besides the limestone of Hook Point, there is a narrow slip at Drinagh, a mile south of Wexford, which follows the coast for four or five miles southward, consisting of a blueish-grey kind, containing corallites and bivalves, and associated with a brownish-grey, fine, granular magnesian-limestone. A third small 658

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 396

16. Hook Tower fort converted into lighthouse

    Hook · parish · Wexford

    On the extreme point of the Hook peninsula are the remains of Slade Castle and Houseland Castle. The old fort Hook Tower on the same point has recently been converted into a lighthouse.

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    Two miles north-west of the town is Carrifiq Caslle, seated on the pinnacle of a rock over the Slaney : two miles from Wexford is also the castle of Barnloun ; and that of Fenis is worthy of note both in an historical and architectural point of view. One of the noblest and earliest military structures of the English settlers is Enniscorthy Ciistle. Another of these feudal structures ia at Mtickmine ; Brown's Castle, on a projecting point over the river Slaney, about two miles from Enniscorthy, is in ruins. At a short distance from Dunbrody Abbey is a curious old fortress, called Cuistan-na-Dlahie, or " Buttermilk Castle ;" and in the same neighbourhood are the rnins of Killesk, Knockagh, and Kithile Castles. Of Ballijkeroge or Sutton's Castle, so called from its founder, Roger de Sutton, considerable ruins still exist ; and in the same district are a castle at Stokestowii, another at Aldertown, a third at I'riest's Haggard, and two in the Great Island. On the summit of Moiintgarrett, a lofty hill that overlooks the town of New Ross, are the ruins of an ancient castle, from which a branch of the Butler family derives the title of Viscount. On the peninsula of Hook are the remains of Slade Castle and Houseland Castle ; and on its extreme point is the old fort Hook Tower, which has recently been converted into a lighthouse. Duncormuck or Croscorinuck Castle, on the inlet of Bannow, owes its erection to the English settlers under de Montmorency. There are the remains, more or less perfect, of nearly sixty of these ancient castles or towers, most of which are situated in the baronies of Forth and Bargy : the principal, not already enumerated, are, Johnstown Caslle, near Wexford, now incorporated with the modern castellated mansion of H. R. G. Morgan, Esq. ; Rathma<knee, in the same neighbourhood, which was inhabited by the Knox family within the last SO years ; Bargtj, which gave name to the barony, also incorporated with some comparatively modern additions ; Butlerstown, Lingstoicn, Ballycogley, and Cloest, in the barony of Forth ; and Ballyhealy, Balb/ttigiie, Baldwinstown, Coothnlt, and Dane's Castle, in that of Bargy. Not far from Duncormuck Castle is Strongbow's Fort, on the head of Bagenbon, where are yet visible the remains of strong intrenchments, attributed to that leader, though it is more probable that they were thrown up by the party under Fitz-Stephen, who landed there two years before, as Strongbow's debarkation took place in the county of Waterford. Duncannon Fvrt, on the eastern bank of Waterford harbour, is modern in comparison with those hitherto noticed.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 397

17. Hospital founded by Edward I. at Midleton

    Midleton · town · Cork · 1272–1307

    On the south side of Midleton are slight remains of a hospital founded by Edward I.

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    At Bailick are some remains of Castle Redmond, built by Redmond Fitzgerald, or Fitz-Edmund, in the reign of Henry VIII., and in which the last Roman Catholic bishop of Cloyne prior to the Reformation was born. At Cahirmore are some remains of the castle built in 1579 by R. Fitzgerald or Barry, from which the seneschal of Imokilly was driven out by Captain Raleigh, in 1580, and obliged to take refuge in Chore Abbey, in the churchyard of Midleton, whence he was also compelled to retreat by the same assailant. The abbey, which wa.s a stately edifice of great strength, was rebuilt by the Knights Templars in 1'298, and the last remains of it were taken down to afford a site for the present church. At Coppingerstown are the ruins of a castle of the Fitzgeralds ; on the south side of the town are some very slight remains of an hospital, founded by Edward I. ; at Ballinacurra are the ruins of the old parish church ; and at Ballyannan the remains of the mansion built by the first Lord Midleton. A large belt and the horns of a moose-deer have been found in a bog on Lord Midleton's estate ; and on Killeagh Farm, numerous silver coins of the reign of Elizabeth. Midleton gives the title of Viscount to the family of Brodrick.

    MILESTOWN, a village, in the parish of Kilsaran, union and barony of Ardee, county of Louth, and province of Leinster, ^ of a mile (S.) from Castle- Bellingham, on the road to Dublin ; containing about 23 houses and 108 inhabitants.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 153

18. Hospital of Knights of St. John at Killelan

    Killelan · townland · Kildare

    In the parish of Killelan, County Kildare, there are slight remains of an old church and of a hospital formerly belonging to the Knights of St. John of Jerusalem, consisting of a square tower.

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    KILLELAN, a parish, in the union of Baltinglass, barony of Kilkea and Moone, county of Kildare, and province of Leinster, 3 miles (N.) from Castledermot, and on the confines of the county of Wicklow and Dublin; containing 1764 inhabitants. It comprises 737 8f statute acres : the greater portion of the land is good, and the system of agriculture improved ; a considerable tract of bog has been brought into cultivation by R. Archbold, Esq. ; and there is little waste or unprofitable land. The surface is varied, and the scenery in some parts picturesque. Davidstown, in the parish, is a handsome mansion, situated in an extensive and finely planted demesne, above which rises Hughstown hill. The living is a vicarage, in the diocese of Dublin, consisting of the seven denominations of Bolton, Simonstown, Newtown, Commonstown, Collin, Colerake, and Hughstown, and formerly constituting part of the union of Timolin, from which it has been separated and formed into a distinct benefice, in the patronage of Sir R. Steele, Bart., in whom the rectory is impropriate. The tithe rent-charge is £247. 10., two-thirds payable to the impropriator, and one-third to the vicar : there is neither glebe-house nor glebe. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish forms part of the district of Castledermot. There are some slight remains of the old church, and also of an hospital formerly belonging to the Knights of St. John of Jerusalem, consisting of a square tower.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 38

19. House of Industry in Limerick, founded 1774

    Limerick · city · Limerick · 1774

    The late House of Industry in Limerick was founded in 1774 by grand jury presentments on the county and city, with an additional £200 from Dr. Edward Smyth of Dublin for thirteen cells for the insane. It was originally calculated for 200 inmates but grew to 380, with a wing added for seventy infirm women and work-rooms for spinners and weavers.

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    sidered incurable. There are 19 acres of land, in the cultivation of which many of the inmates are beneficially engaged. The system of management, which is confined to moral treatment, excluding all coercive or severe mea.sures, is extremely judicious. The total cost of the buildings, exclusive of the purchase of land, was £35,490. The late House of Industry, founded in 1774 by grand jury presentments on the county and city, to which were added £'200 by the late Dr. Edw. Smyth, of Dublin, towards providing thirteen cells for the insane, was at first calculated to accommodate 200 inmates : the number, prior to IH'^S, was augmented to 380; a wing was then added for the accommodation of seventy infirm women, and two work-rooms for spinners and weavers.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 79

20. Hugh de Lacy granted Trim and made it a free borough

    Trim · town · Meath · 1170–1200

    After the English invasion, Henry II gave Trim with the whole territory of Meath to Hugh de Lacy, who made it a free borough. His son Walter de Lacy granted the burgesses a charter of incorporation with privileges equal to those of Bristol, and the family refounded the monastery.

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    in the town. This place, formerly called .i/Zi-rn/m, is of very remote antiquity, and was celebrated for its abbey of Canons Regular, dedicated to the Blessed Virgin. The establishment became the seat of a small bishopric, of which St. Loman, nephew of St. Patrick, was made the first bishop ; of his successors, who were indifferently styled abbots or bishops, no regular notice is preserved till the year 1152, when the diocese was united with several others to form the see of Meath. In llOS the town and monastery were burned by Conor O'Melaghlin, and more than 200 persons who had taken refuge in the church perished in the flames ; in 1143 and 1155, also, the town suffered from conflagration. After the English invasion it was, with the whole of the territory of Meath, given by Henry H. to Hugh de Lacy, who made it a free borough ; and his son and successor, Walter de Lacy, in the reign of Richard L gave the burgesses a charter of incorporation, conferring privileges equal to those enjoyed by the citizens of Bristol. As the head of the palatine lordship of the Lacys, the town became a place of importance ; and a strong castle was erected here as a baronial residence for that family, who also refouuded the monastery. The defences of the castle were destroyed by the constable, Hugh Tyrrell, when Roderic O'Conor entered Meath during the absence of De Lacy, to prevent them from becoming serviceable to the enemy ; but on his expulsion they were quickly restored. In 1203 the town was again destroyed by fire. The present castle was built in 1220 ; and soon afterwards, during the sanguinary feuds which then prevailed, it was attacked by William de Burgo, but was obstinately defended by the garrison, and The assailants repulsed. When the palatinate of Meath was divided between the co-heiresses of Walter de Lacy, the 597

    town was still the capital of one-half, and in 1330 it was invested with jurisdiction over the other.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 352

21. Hugh de Lacy invades Monaghan

    Monaghan · town · Monaghan · 1170–1230

    Hugh de Lacy invaded Monaghan, burned the town and abbey, and subsequently erected a castle there and restored the monastic institution. The town's name Muinechan means 'the Town of the Monks,' though no trace of an ecclesiastical establishment can now be discovered.

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    According to Whitaker, this county was inhabited in the time of Ptolemy by the Scoti, who then possessed all the inland parts of Ireland : it afterwards formed part of the district of Uriel, Oriel, or Orgial, which also comprehended Louth and part of Armagh ; but it was more generally known by the name of Mac Mahon's Country, from the powerful sept of that name. Its present name is derived from its chief town, Monaghan or Muinechan, "the Town of the Monks," although no trace of an ecclesiastical establishment can now be discovered there. Immediately after the English invasion, when De Courcy entered Ulster, he was joined by a chieftain named Mac Mahon, who ingratiated himself so much with him that he was entrusted with the command of two forts, which, on the first change of fortune, Mac Mahon utterly destroyed ; and when questioned on his breach of faith, answered, " that he had not engaged to keep stone walls ; and that he scorned to confine himself within such cold and dreary inclosures, while his native woods were open for his reception and security. ' Hugh de Lacy, some time after, invaded Monaghan, and burned the town and abbey, but subsequently erected a castle there, and restored the monastic institution. In the reign of Henry IV., Lord Thomas of Lancaster, the king's son, having gone to Ireland as lord-lieutenant, received the homage of several of the native chieftains, among whom was Mac Mahon, who then submitted so far to the rules of English law as to accept an estate for life in that part of the county called the Ferney, for which he paid ten pounds a year chief-rent. This state of acquiescence, however, was not permanent. In the very next reign. Lord Furnival, who was then lorddeputy, found it necessary to undertake a military expedition against the Mac Mahons and other insurrectionary septs in Ulster ; he succeeded so far as to make them sue for the king's peace, but was unable to reduce them to the obedience of subjects.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 158

22. Hugh O'Connor destroys castle and burns Killaloe

    Killaloe · town · Clare · 1061–1084

    In 1061, Hugh O'Connor destroyed the castle erected at Killaloe and burned the town. The town was again reduced to ashes in 1080 and 1084 by the people of Conmacne.

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    KILLALOE, a post-town and parish, and the seat of a diocese, in the barony of Tulla Lower, union of ScARiFF, county of Clare, and province of Munster, 20 miles (E. by S.) from Ennis, and 87 (S. W. by W.) from Dublin, on the road from Scariff to Nenagh ; containing 4957 inhabitants, of whom 2009 are in the town. This place, anciently called Laonia, derived its present name, supposed to be a corruption of Kil-da- Lua, from the foundation of an abbey in the 6th century by St. Lua or Molua, grandson of Eocha Baildearg, King of Munster, which abbey became the head of a diocese. Turlogh O'Brien, in 1054, built a bridge across the Shannon at this place, which had grown into some importance, though little of its previous history is related; and, in 1061, Hugh O'Connor destroyed the castle that had been erected here, and burned the town, which was again reduced to ashes in 1080 and 1084, by the people of Conmacne. In II77, Raymond le Gros, after his triumphant entry into Limerick, came to this place, where he received the hostages of Roderic, King of Connaught, and O'Brien, Prince of Thomond, who took the oath of fealty to the King of England. On Richard de Clare's procuring a grant of certain lands in the county of Clare, this town, as containing the only ford over the Shannon, obtained for some time the appellation of Claresford. In 136/, after the recall to England of Lionel, Duke of Clarence, chief governor of Ireland, who had acquired considerable tracts of territory around the town, Murrogh-na-Ranagh, one of the O Briens, made himself master of all the coimtry beyond the Shannon, and destroyed this town and several others belonging to the Enghsh. General Sarsfield, in 1681, i)osted a strong party at this place, to defend the passage of the river; but the party having abandoned their post, the English advanced into the western provmces. In I69I the same general, at the head of a select body of cavalry, passed the river, and destroyed

    a convoy of ammunition on its way to William III., then at Limerick.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 33

23. Hugh O'Nial burns Dungannon and his fortress

    near Dungannon · town · Tyrone · 1595–1597

    Hard pressed by Sir John Norris, Hugh O'Nial evacuated a fort on the Blackwater, then burnt the town of Dungannon, neighbouring villages, and much of his own fortress there to avoid capture.

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    Hugh afterwards became one of the bitterest and most formidable enemies of the English. In consequence of alleged grievances, he raised forces, and suddenly seized on the above-named fort, which was the key of his territory on that side ; but being hard pressed by Sir John Norris, he evacuated that position, burnt the town of Dungannon and the neighbouring villages, together with the greater part of his own fortress there, and endeavoured to preserve his life by concealment. Afterwards, being buoyed up with promises of succours from Spain, he joined a league of all the northern chieftains against the English. In 1.597, the whole of Ulster, except the castles along the coast, was in the possession of O'Nial or his i^dherents ; and in an attempt made to relieve the fort of the Blackwater, then severely pressed by O'Nial's army, Sir Henry Bagnall, marshal of the English, his inveterate enemy, was utterly routed and slain. After having baffled the celebrated and unfortunate Earl of Essex by a succession of affected submissions and unexpected hostilities, and having joined in the expedition to Munster to aid the Spaniards at Kinsale, he was invaded in turn by the royal forces under Lord Mountjoy, who, by seizing on the passes, and erecting forts at Charlemont, Mountjoy, and other important positions, reduced him to such extremities that he surrendered at Mellifont, and attended Mountjoy to Dublin, where it was proposed to send him to the Queen. Her death changed his destination for that time ; but in the beginning of the ensuing reign, being suspected of an attempt to excite a new insurrection at Ulster, he fled to Spain ; and his princely property, being consequently confiscated, was parcelled 61S

    out into six counties, which were modelled, divided, and planted with English settlers, under special instructions from the king.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 365

24. Hugh O'Nial surrenders at Mellifont

    Mellifont · townland · Louth · 1602–1603

    After being reduced to extremities by Lord Mountjoy's campaign of seizing passes and erecting forts, Hugh O'Nial surrendered at Mellifont and accompanied Mountjoy to Dublin, where it was proposed to send him to the Queen.

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    Hugh afterwards became one of the bitterest and most formidable enemies of the English. In consequence of alleged grievances, he raised forces, and suddenly seized on the above-named fort, which was the key of his territory on that side ; but being hard pressed by Sir John Norris, he evacuated that position, burnt the town of Dungannon and the neighbouring villages, together with the greater part of his own fortress there, and endeavoured to preserve his life by concealment. Afterwards, being buoyed up with promises of succours from Spain, he joined a league of all the northern chieftains against the English. In 1.597, the whole of Ulster, except the castles along the coast, was in the possession of O'Nial or his i^dherents ; and in an attempt made to relieve the fort of the Blackwater, then severely pressed by O'Nial's army, Sir Henry Bagnall, marshal of the English, his inveterate enemy, was utterly routed and slain. After having baffled the celebrated and unfortunate Earl of Essex by a succession of affected submissions and unexpected hostilities, and having joined in the expedition to Munster to aid the Spaniards at Kinsale, he was invaded in turn by the royal forces under Lord Mountjoy, who, by seizing on the passes, and erecting forts at Charlemont, Mountjoy, and other important positions, reduced him to such extremities that he surrendered at Mellifont, and attended Mountjoy to Dublin, where it was proposed to send him to the Queen. Her death changed his destination for that time ; but in the beginning of the ensuing reign, being suspected of an attempt to excite a new insurrection at Ulster, he fled to Spain ; and his princely property, being consequently confiscated, was parcelled 61S

    out into six counties, which were modelled, divided, and planted with English settlers, under special instructions from the king.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 365

25. Hugh Rainey free school founded at Magherafelt 1710

    near Magherafelt · town · Derry · 1710

    Hugh Rainey erected a school-house at Magherafelt in 1710 and bequeathed money to purchase an estate for its endowment. The estate was later sold under an act of parliament, subject to an annual payment for the school's upkeep.

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    The LIVING is a rectory, in the diocese of Armagh, and in the patronage of the Lord Primate : the tithe rent-charge is £337. 10. The glebe-house was built in 1*87, at an expense of £.574. 18., of which £9'2. 6. were a gift, and the remainder a loan, from the late Board of First Fruits ; the present incumbent has much improved it, and his immediate predecessor repaired it at a cost of £440: the glebe comprises 403a. ^Ir. \7[i. statute measure, valued at £'270 per annum. The church, situated in the town, is a handsome edifice built in 1664, enlarged by the addition of a north aisle in 1718, and ornamented with a tower and spire in 1790; it has been repaired by a grant of £121 from the Ecclesiastical Commissioners. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish is the head of a district, comprising also parts of the parishes of Woods- Chapel, Desertlyn, and Ballyscullion ; the chapel is at Aghagaskin, about a mile from the town. There are places of worship for Presbyterians in connexion with the General Assembly, and Wesleyan Methodists. A free school was founded here by Hugh Rainey, Esq., who, in 1710, erected a school-house, and bequeathed money to purchase an estate for its endowment ; the estate was afterwards sold under an act of parliament, subject to an annual payment of £175 Irish currency, with which the school is endowed. It is under the patronage and direction of the Lord Primate, and John Ash Reiny, Esq., who resides at the school ; 14 boys are clothed, boarded, and educated for three years, and afterwards placed out 295

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 128

26. Huguenot monuments in Lisburn churchyard

    near Lisburn · town · Antrim

    The churchyard of Lisburn Cathedral contains monuments to many Huguenots who settled in the area under the patronage of William III and Queen Anne. These memorials mark the historical presence of the Huguenot emigrants in the town.

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    this coast ; and an elegant monument recently erected at the expense of the bishop and clergy of the diocese, to the memory of the celebrated Dr. Jeremy Taylor, Bishop of Down and Connor, who died here in 1667, and was buried in a vault in the church of Dromore, which he had built. In the churchyard are monuments to many of the Huguenots who settled here under the patronage of William III. and Queen Anne. This is the cathedral of the united dioceses of Down and Connor ; the visitations are held in it, and all the business belonging to the see is transacted in the town. There are no chapels of ease within the parish ; but divine service is performed in the school-houses of Newport, Maze, and Broomhedge, in rotation. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish is the head of a district, sometimes called Blaris, comprising Lisburn, Hillsborough, and Magheramesk, in the two former of which are chapels. There is a meeting-house for Presbyterians of the General Assembly ; also two for Wesleyans, and one for the Society of Friends.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 82

27. Huguenot Settlement and Linen Manufacture in Lisburn

    near Lisburn · town · Antrim

    Following the revocation of the Edict of Nantes, many Huguenot families settled in Lisburn and introduced the manufacture of linen, bringing improved machinery from Holland. Their skill and industry greatly improved the quality of local manufactures and the commercial importance of the town.

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    of horse, the insurgent army commanded by Sir Phclim O'Nial, Sir Conn Magennis, and General IMiinkct, on their march to Carrickfergus, advanced to attack the town. Sir Arthur Tyringham, however, arriving with a small reinforcement, and being aided by Sir George Rawdou, repulsed the columns of the enemy as they successively ad\anced to the assault, and, by a galling fire from the streets, committed great slaughter among them. At nightfall, further reinforcements arrived from Carrickfergus and Belfast ; and the insurgents, despairing of success, set fire to the town, which in a few hours was reduced to ashes ; a sanguinary conflict being maintained in the burning town till nearly midnight, when the insurgents w'ere finally put to flight, leaving behind them a number of slain equal to three times the entire number of the garrison, of whom only from '20 to 30 were killed. In 1644, General Monroe made an attempt to obtain possession of the town, but was frustrated by the vigilance and resolution of the garrison ; and on the 6th of December, 1648, that general, with the Scottish forces under his command, was signally defeated on the plains of " Lisnegarvey," by Colonel Venables and Sir Charles Coote, two of Cromwell's commanders ; to the former of whom the castle was surrendered in 1650. On the landing of the Duke of Schomberg, near Bangor, in 16S9, a considerable body of forces in the interest of James II. assembled at this place ; but they afterwards abandoned it without any attempt for its defence, and William III. passed through the town shortly before the battle of the Boyne. Charles II., to reward the fidelity of the inhabitants to his father and to himself, had erected the church of Lishurn into a cathedral for the united dioceses of Down and Connor, and had granted the townsmen the privilege of sending two representatives to the Irish parliament ; but what more especially contributed to the improvement and commercial importance of the town was the settlement here, after the revocation of the edict of Nantz, of many Huguenot families, who introduced the manufacture of linen, and brought with them improved machinery from Holland. The skill and industry of these foreigners were liberally encouraged by the government, which granted large sums of money for the erection of suitable buildings for carrying on the manufactures, &c. ; and, by giving an example to others engaged in the same trade, the new settlers soon raised the quality of the manufactures to a degree of excellence previously unknown. In 170", the town and castle were burned to the ground ; the latter has never been rebuilt, but the present town soon arose from the ruins of the former, and gradually increased in extent. It has been greatly improved at various times, especially within the last few years by the spirited exertions of the agent of the Marquess of Hertford, who is owner in ■fee of the whole town, and of a considerable part of the surrounding country ; and Lisburn is now one of the handsomest inland towns in Ulster.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 81

28. Human bones and monument at Mount-Coote

    Mountcoote · townland · Limerick

    Great numbers of human bones were discovered in the grounds of Mount-Coote, linked to traces of military encampments around Kilmallock. They were collected and interred near the spot, under a monument erected by the proprietor.

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    ings, on the north, are still tolerably entire. Close to the bank of the river are also the ruins of the abbot's private residence, which after the Reformation was the residence of several of the sovereigns of the borough, and was inhabited by the White Knight in 1604. About half a mil6 to the north of the town are some ruins of ecclesiastical buildings ; and the site of an ancient hospital for lepers is still called the Spital field. There are several traces of military encampments around the town ; and great numbers of human bones have been discovered in the grounds of Mount-Coote, which have been collected and interred near the spot where they were found, under a monument erected by the proprietor of the demesne. Kilmallock formerly gave the title of Viscount to a branch of the Sarsfield family, by whom it was forfeited in consequence of their adherence to James II.

    KILMALOG, Kilmallock, or Kilmalogue, a parish, in the union of Enniscorthy, barony of Bal- LAGHKEEN, county of Wexford, province of Leinster, r> miles (S. S. E.) from Enniscorthy, on the road to We.^- ford; containing 1408 inhabitants. It comprises 4093f statute acres, which are chiefly under cultivation, with the exception of part of a bog called Itty : blue and white marl are abundant, and building-stone is found at Garryvarren. The principal seats are Ballinkeel, Kilmallock, and Willmount. The living is a vicarage, in the diocese of Ferns, forming part of the union of Castle- Ellis or Kilmalog ; the rectory is impropriate in the Earl of Portsmouth, and the tithe rent-charge is £151. 19., of which £90. 11.6. are payable to the impropriator, and the remainder to the vicar. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish forms part of the liberty of Crossabeg, and has a new chapel at Ballymurn. Some remains of the church exist in a large burial-ground, which is still much used for interment.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 43

29. Human bones found at Newtown House grounds

    near Newtown and Coolock · street · Dublin

    Mr. B. Shew of Newtown House discovered a great quantity of human bones while planting on an elevated spot in his grounds a few years before the account was written. The bones were supposed to belong to those who fell in skirmishes that took place at different periods in the district.

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    MARGARET'S, ST., a parish, in the union of North Dublin, barony of Coolock, county of Dublin, and province of Leinstek, 5| miles (N.) from Dublin, on the old road to Naul, and about a mile from the coach-road from Dublin to Ashbourne ; containing 401 inhabitants, of whom about 100 are in the village. A fair is held on July 30th and 31st for the sale of horses and cattle. The principal seats are Dunbroe House, Newtown, Newtown House, Harristown House, Ilarristown, Kingstown House, and Barberstown House. In ecclesiastical arrangements it is a chapelry, in the diocese of Dublin, forming part of the benefice of Finglas and the corps of the chancellorship of St. Patrick's, Dublin : the tithe is included in the amount for Finglas. The church is in ruins ; over the door of a small adjoining chapel, is a Latin inscription purporting that it was built by Sir John Plunkett, formerly chief justice of the king's bench in Ireland. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish forms part of the district of Finglas, and has a neat chapel in the village, in which is also a national school. About a mile distant are the ruins of Dunsoghly Castle, consisting of a tower, still roofed, and the remains of a large hall or dining-room, and kitchens : the tower is vaulted at the bottom, and had three stories; the floors of the two upper stories have fallen in, but the room of the principal floor is in tolerable repair : the view from the top is very extensive. The ancient family of Plunkett originally owned this property, which now belongs to Mrs. Cavenagh, who inherits it through her grandfather. Adjoining the ruins are the remains of a private chapel, over the doorway of which is a tablet of freestone, exhibiting the emblems of the Crucifi.xion, in high relief, with the letters and date i. p. m. o. 6. s. 1573 at the bottom. Mr. B. Shew, of Newtown House, on planting an elevated spot in his grounds, a few years since, discovered a great quantity of human bones, supposed to be some of those who fell in the various skirmishes which at different periods have taken place in Vol. II.— 305

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 137

30. Humbert checked at Collooney by Limerick militia, 1798

    Collooney · townland · Sligo · 1798

    During the French invasion of 1798, General Humbert turned northwards through County Sligo after the battle of Castlebar. He was stopped at Collooney by the city of Limerick militia under Colonel Vereker, whose check induced him to turn towards Longford where he was forced to surrender.

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    On the breaking out of the war of 1641, the county was overrun by the De Burgos ; and though Sligo was taken from them the year after, by Sir Frederick Hamilton, it fell into their hands again, and remained in their possession until finally subdued by Ireton and Sir Charles Coote. In the war of 1688, Sligo was at first in the possession of the troops of James II., but they were compelled to vacate it after the siege of Dcrry, through a stratagem contrived by Lieutenant- Colonel Gore : the forces of William III. were, however, too much exhausted to follow up their advantage, so that the country fell again into the possession of the Irish, and the town surrendered the following year to Lord Granard. During the French invasion in 1798, General Humbert, after the battle of Castlebar, instead of proceeding towards Dublin, turned northwards through this county in the hope of being able to co-operate with a larger force destined to act upon the north of Ireland. He was stopped at CoUooney by the city of Limerick militia, commanded by Colonel 'Vereker, afterwards Lord Gort, who, though much inferior in numbers, gave him such a check as induced him to turn towards Longford, where he was surrounded by the whole of the army under the Marquess Cornwallis, and forced to surrender at discretion.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 288

31. Humbert marches through Foxford and Colloney to Ballinamuck surrender

    Foxford · town · Mayo · 1798

    The French general proceeded by Foxford and Colloney, where Colonel Vereker's detachment briefly checked his advance, then marched by Dromahaire and ManorHamilton until crossing the Shannon at Ballintra near Lough Allen. His further progress was prevented by the Marquess Cornwallis's main army, and he surrendered at Ballinamuck.

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    Although the county was visited with a large share of the confiscations consequent on the termination of the war of 1641, and on the restoration of the Stuart family, no remarkable event connected with that period occurred within its limits ; neither was it internally agitated by the military movements in the subsequent war between the rival kings in 16S8. Its political aspect presents a perfect blank until the year 1798, when its tranquillity, which had remained undisturbed during the dreadful struggle that convulsed the north-eastern and south-eastern extremities of the island iu the earlier part of that year, was broken by the uue.vpected appearance of a small French squadron on its northern coast, which landed near Killala a force of about 1100 men under General Humbert. The town, which was nearly defenceless, was taken after a trifling resistance ; the bishop of Killala, with his family, was made prisoner ; arms were distributed to all the country people who chose to accept them ; and the invading army, thus reinforced by a numerous though disorderly body of auxiliaries, proceeded to Ballina, the garrison of which fled on its approach. It thence advanced to Castlebar, through mountain defiles deemed impassable, and therefore left unguarded : here it was opposed by (ieneral Lake with 6000 men, but, after a very short resistance, the British army gave way on all sides, and left the enemy completely masters of the country. The French general now proceeded by Foxford and Collooney, where his advance was checked for a short time by the gallantry of a small detachment under Colonel Vereker ; and marched by Dromahaire and Manor- Hamilton, in Leitrim, till, having crossed the Shannon at Ballintra, near Lough Allen, his further progress was prevented by the main army of the British under the Marquess Cornwallis, to whom he surrendered, after a short resistance, at Ballinamuck. Castlebar, when evacuated by the French, was re-occupied by the British troops, who defended it succcssfull)' against an attack of a body of 2000 insurgents. Killala, which was still possessed by the latter under the command of a few French officers, was then attacked and taken by storm, with the loss of between 400 and 500 of its defenders, after having been 30 days in their possession. This scene of blood terminated by a court-martial, by which several of those who had been most forward in having recourse to French assistance were consigned to military execution.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 145

32. Imar of Waterford laid waste Kildare

    Kildare · town · Kildare

    According to the annals of Tigernach, Imar, King of Waterford, laid waste the county of Kildare. He later succeeded Anlaf in the occupation of Dublin and died in the year 1000.

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    The original foundation of the city is by some writers referred to the year l.")5 ; but its antiquity as a place of any importance cannot be traced beyond the year 853, when it is said to have been built by the Danes or Ostmen, under their leader, Sitiricus or Sitric. The city, for that period, was a place of great strength, surrounded with walls ; and the scattered notices of the colony which are still preserved, shew that the inhabitants maintained among themselves an independent and sovereign authority, and that they were for a long time the terror, if not the absolute masters, of a vast extent of country. Up to the time of the English settlement, the colony strictly avoided all intimate connexion with the native inhabitants of the country, and preserved all its ancient customs, manners, and character, unchanged. In S93 it is recorded that Patrick, son of Ivor or Imar, King of the Danes of Waterford, was slain ; and in 937, that the Danes of Waterford wasted all the county of Meath. According to the annals of Tigernach, Imar, King of Waterford, laid waste the county of Kildare ; and in 995 succeeded AnlaDTc in the occupation of Dublin : he died in the year 1000, and was succeeded, in 1003, by his son Reginald, who built the celebrated 4 M

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 376

33. Imitation round tower at Whitechurch

    Whitechurch · town · Cork

    Near the Roman Catholic chapel in Whitechurch stands a tower built by the Reverend Mr. Horgan. It was constructed in imitation of the ancient round towers traditionally found in Ireland.

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    by the Rev. Mr. Horgan, in imitation of the ancient round towers peculiar to Ireland.

    WHITECHURCH, a parish, in the union of Rathdown, barony of Rathdown, county of Dublin, and province of Leinster, 5 miles (S.) from the General Post-office; containing 1375 inhabitants. The parish comprises 'iS73i statute acres, of very varied surface. The northern portion, though lying high with respect to the sea level of Dublin bay, is generally flat and of good quality, highly improved by continued cultivation ; the southern rises into heights of considerable elevation, forming the base of the northern range of the Dublin and Wicklow mountains. The Cruagh river and another of smaller size, both carrying down from the high grounds a large volume of water during the rainy season, though nearly dry in summer, irrigate the whole district from south to north, and after uniting their streams join the Dodder at Rathfarnham. Each of these has several mill sites, on which are paper-mills at present little used, though capable of executing much work, and cottonfactories that employ about l'.;0 hands in the aggregate : attached to the works of Mr. Bewley are bleachinggrounds and an extensive laundry. The mountain land produces only pasturage, and about 5.50 acres of it are a barren waste ; but there are inexhaustible stores of granite, which is in great demand for the public buildings and the more ornamented dwelling-houses in Dublin and the surrounding country. The military road through the county of Wicklow passes by the villages of Ballyboden and Rockbrook.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 402

34. Inchbofin abbey plundered by the Danes in 1089

    Inchbofin · townland · Westmeath · 1089

    Innisbolfin (Inchbofin), an island of 27 acres in Lough Ree, had an abbey built by a nephew of St. Patrick. The abbey was plundered by the Danes in 1089.

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    The fine expansion of the river Shannon, called Lough Ree, may be considered as partially belonging to this county, as it forms the principal part of the western boundary between W'estmeath and Roscommon ; it is twenty miles long in its greatest length from Lanesborough to the neighbourhood of Athlone, and is adorned with several finely wooded islands. Those adjoining Westmeath are, Inchmore, containing 104 acres, once the site of a monastery built by St. Senanus ; Hare Island, the residence of Lord Castlemaine, containing 57 acres, and having the ruins of an abbey built by the Dillon family ; Inchturk, containing 24 acres; and Innisbolfin, 27. An abbey built on this last island by a nephew of St. Patrick, was plundered by the Danes in 1089. Lough Glinn forms a small portion of the same boundary towards Longford : Loughs Sheelin and Kinale are on the north-western limit, towards Cavau ; the Ulute lake, Lough Deel, and Lough Bawn are small 650

    boundary lakes on the side of Meath. The water of the last-named of these has the peculiarity of being lower and more limpid in winter than in summer, being highest in June and lowest at Christmas : in summer its colour is green, like sea-water ; but in winter it is as pellucid as crystal, and remarkably light.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 390

35. Inchiquin Castle ruins on lake of Inchiquin

    Inchiquin · townland · Clare

    The ruins of Inchiquin Castle sit on the northern shore of the lake of Inchiquin, from time immemorial the property and long the residence of the O'Brien family. The Marquess of Thomond derives his title of Earl of Inchiquin from this estate. The ruins consist of a very ancient castle in greatly dilapidated condition and a mansion attached to it.

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    KILNEBOY, a parish, in the union of Ennisty- MON, barony of Inchiquin, county of Cl.^re, and province of Munster ; containing, with the post-town of Curofin (which is separately described), 4102 inhabitants. It is situated on the road from Ennis to Kilfenora, and comprises 17,967 statute acres. A very large portion of the land is rocky pasture, a small quantity only being under tillage 5 the soil varies from the poorest to the richest quality, resting on a substratum of limestone. There are some extensive tracts of bog in the eastern part of the parish ; coal has been discovered on the mountains of Clifden, lead-ore at Glanquin, and a rich silver-mine lately in Tullacommon, but none are worked. The surface is boldly diversified, and embellished with the picturesque lakes of Inchiquin and Tadune, the latter of which is but partly in the parish. The lake of Inchiquin is about 2i miles in circumference, and is situated at the base of a richly wooded range of hills, forming a fine contrast to the bare limestone rocks in the vicinity. On its northern side are the interesting ruins of Inchiquin Castle, from time immemorial the property and long the residence of the O'Brien family, whose descendant, the Marquess of Thomond, derives his title of Earl of Inchiquin from this estate ; they consist of a very ancient castle in a greatly dilapidated condition, and a mansion attached to it, and contribute much to the beautiful scenery of the lake. On the opposite shore is the mansion of the Burton family, and in the immediate vicinity of the lake are several other seats, of which that called Adelphi is an elegant cottage residence, adjoining which are the picturesque ruins of an old tower. An excellent road has been formed over the hill of Inchiquin, from Adelphi to Crossard. The lake is well stored with brown and white trout ; and a regatta, recently established, is likely to become an annual amusement. The other seats in the parish are, Elmvale, that of J. O'Brien, Esq.; Poplar; Inchiquin Cottage ; and Richmond. A manorial court is occasionally held at Curofin, and petty- sessions every alternate Wednesday.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 49

36. Inchiquin's capture of Cahir and Cashel

    Cashel · town · Tipperary

    The town of Cashel was taken by Lord Inchiquin, who also devastated the whole county. This event is recorded alongside the fall of Clonmel and the resulting distribution of forfeited lands.

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    Inchiquiii, who took Cahir and Cashel, and devastated the whole county. After the fall of Clonincl in le'jO, a great portion of the then forfeited lands was divided amongst the parliamentarian adventurers ; and the estates were confirmed to them by the act of settlement after the Restoration. The Duke of Ormonde obtained confirmation of all his ancient paternal property by several patents and statutes of Charles II. ; and the royalties and liberties thus granted were extended over the county at large, including the Cross of Tipperary, and were confirmed by act of parliament in the 14th and 15th of the same king. James, grandson and successor of the Great Duke, was impeached on the accession of George I., and, fleeing to France, was attainted of high treason by an act of the British parliament, and his estates confiscated. By an act of the Irish parliament, in the '2nd of George I., all the liberties, regalities, franchises, courts of law and equity, jurisdictions, rights, and authorities, granted by the letters-patent and acts of parliament above mentioned, were for ever extinguished ; and the rolls and records thereof, consisting of the pleadings in the court palatine of Tipperary from l66i to 1714, and leases of lands from the family during the same period, were deposited in the rolls office of chancery in Ireland, and the office of the chirographer of the common pleas. However, by an English statute in 1721, the duke's brother, the Earl of Arran, was enabled to purchase the estates ; and after his grace's death without issue, he succeeded as heir and representative of the Butlers of Ireland. From this nobleman's time until 1791, the ancient honours of the house of Ormonde remained dormant ; but in that year John Butler, Esq., of the castle of Kilkenny, was restored to the earldoms of Ormonde and Ossory, viscounty of Thurles, &c. ; no statute of restoration being deemed necessary on the occasion, as the title had not been attainted by an act of the Irish parliament. The present Marquess of Ormonde still retains the honorary office of chief butler ; but the profits of the butlerage and prisage were purchased from the family for £'216,000, under the 46th, r.Oth, and ,51st of George III., and vested in the crown for the benefit of the public.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 336

37. Inchiquin's capture of Cahir and Cashel

    Caher · town · Tipperary

    During a period of conflict, Lord Inchiquin captured the towns of Cahir and Cashel, devastating the surrounding county. This military action is noted in the context of the region's forfeitures and subsequent land settlements.

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    Inchiquiii, who took Cahir and Cashel, and devastated the whole county. After the fall of Clonincl in le'jO, a great portion of the then forfeited lands was divided amongst the parliamentarian adventurers ; and the estates were confirmed to them by the act of settlement after the Restoration. The Duke of Ormonde obtained confirmation of all his ancient paternal property by several patents and statutes of Charles II. ; and the royalties and liberties thus granted were extended over the county at large, including the Cross of Tipperary, and were confirmed by act of parliament in the 14th and 15th of the same king. James, grandson and successor of the Great Duke, was impeached on the accession of George I., and, fleeing to France, was attainted of high treason by an act of the British parliament, and his estates confiscated. By an act of the Irish parliament, in the '2nd of George I., all the liberties, regalities, franchises, courts of law and equity, jurisdictions, rights, and authorities, granted by the letters-patent and acts of parliament above mentioned, were for ever extinguished ; and the rolls and records thereof, consisting of the pleadings in the court palatine of Tipperary from l66i to 1714, and leases of lands from the family during the same period, were deposited in the rolls office of chancery in Ireland, and the office of the chirographer of the common pleas. However, by an English statute in 1721, the duke's brother, the Earl of Arran, was enabled to purchase the estates ; and after his grace's death without issue, he succeeded as heir and representative of the Butlers of Ireland. From this nobleman's time until 1791, the ancient honours of the house of Ormonde remained dormant ; but in that year John Butler, Esq., of the castle of Kilkenny, was restored to the earldoms of Ormonde and Ossory, viscounty of Thurles, &c. ; no statute of restoration being deemed necessary on the occasion, as the title had not been attainted by an act of the Irish parliament. The present Marquess of Ormonde still retains the honorary office of chief butler ; but the profits of the butlerage and prisage were purchased from the family for £'216,000, under the 46th, r.Oth, and ,51st of George III., and vested in the crown for the benefit of the public.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 336

38. Inch Island, sand-hill peninsula in Castlemaine Bay

    Inch · townland · Kerry

    A long peninsula of sand-hills called Inch Island extends from the southern coast of the barony of Corkaguiney into the bay of Castlemaine.

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    along Tomies mountain, Glena, Tore, Mangerton, Crohane, and the Paps ,- the last are particularly remarkable for the regularity of their convex or conical form, and the range of which they form a part is connected with the hiUs of Glenflesk, overhanging O'Donoghoe's Country. North and east of Tralee ai-e the ranges called Stack's mountains and the Glanruddery mountains. Between the harbours of Castlemaine and Tralee is a range of high mountains, called Slieve Mish, attaining an elevation of upwards of 2200 feet ; and hence mountains extend westward into the peninsular barony of Corkaguiney under various names, among which, one of remarkable conical shape is called Cahir-conrigh. Considerable tracts of these mountains have been improved, and brought into tillage. This barony, indeed, is esteemed the granary of the county ; the northern side, called Litteragh, is richly cultivated, and rendered very productive by the facility of obtaining sea-manure. Brandon hill here rises to a great height, and its top or sides are often enveloped in clouds. From the base of the mountains various brooks run into both bays. From the southern coast of the barony a long peninsula of sand-hills, called Inch Island, extends into the bay of Castlemaine.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 8

39. Inchmore monastery founded by St. Senanus on Lough Ree

    Inchmore · townland · Westmeath

    Inchmore, an island of 104 acres in Lough Ree adjoining Westmeath, was once the site of a monastery built by St. Senanus. The island is one of several finely wooded islands adorning the lake.

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    The fine expansion of the river Shannon, called Lough Ree, may be considered as partially belonging to this county, as it forms the principal part of the western boundary between W'estmeath and Roscommon ; it is twenty miles long in its greatest length from Lanesborough to the neighbourhood of Athlone, and is adorned with several finely wooded islands. Those adjoining Westmeath are, Inchmore, containing 104 acres, once the site of a monastery built by St. Senanus ; Hare Island, the residence of Lord Castlemaine, containing 57 acres, and having the ruins of an abbey built by the Dillon family ; Inchturk, containing 24 acres; and Innisbolfin, 27. An abbey built on this last island by a nephew of St. Patrick, was plundered by the Danes in 1089. Lough Glinn forms a small portion of the same boundary towards Longford : Loughs Sheelin and Kinale are on the north-western limit, towards Cavau ; the Ulute lake, Lough Deel, and Lough Bawn are small 650

    boundary lakes on the side of Meath. The water of the last-named of these has the peculiarity of being lower and more limpid in winter than in summer, being highest in June and lowest at Christmas : in summer its colour is green, like sea-water ; but in winter it is as pellucid as crystal, and remarkably light.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 390

40. Incomplete Franciscan friary in Mullingar

    Mullingar · town · Westmeath · 1622

    In 1622, the monks of Multifarnham began the erection of a Franciscan friary in Mullingar. The project was never completed.

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    MULLINGAR, a market and assize town, a parish, and the head of a union, partly in the barony of Far- TULLAGH, but chiefly in that of Moyashel and Mag- HERADERNON, county of Westmeath, and province of Leinster, "20 miles (S. E.) from Longford, and 39 (W. by N.) from Dublin ; containing 9903 inhabitants, of whom 4569 are in the town. This was one of the ancient palatinate towns founded by the English settlers of Meath. In 1'277, Ralph le Petit, Bishop of Meath, established a priory here for Canons Regular of the order of St. Augustine, which was dedicated to the Blessed Virgin, and was long designated the " House of God, of Mullingar." A Dominican friary was founded in 1237, by the family of Nugent, and attained such celebrity that general chapters of the order were repeatedly held in it. In 1329, Lord Thomas Butler was attacked near this town by Mac Geoghegan, and after an obstinate resistance was defeated and slain; in 1464 the town was burned and destroyed by the people of Managh. The monks of Multifarnham, in 1622, commenced the erection of a Franciscan friary, but it was never completed ; the two previous religious establishments continued to subsist till the reign of Elizabeth, when they were finally dissolved. In 1661, the castle and the two dissolved monasteries, with the town and adjacent land, were by royal charter granted to Sir Arthur Forbes, ancestor of the Earl of Granard, and erected into a manor, with very extensive privileges ; and for better peopling the said manor, Mullingar was by the same charter constituted the assize town for the county. In the war of the Revolution, the town was fortified by Gen. de Ginkel, and became the principal rendezvous of William's forces. From this place he led 2000 horse and 1000 foot against the Irish adherents of James II., who 373

    had encamped at Ballymore ; and it was also the headquarters of William's army prior to the siege of Athlone.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 186

41. Incorporation of Queen's County and founding of Maryborough

    Portlaoise · municipal district · Laois · 1557

    In the fifth year of Queen Mary's reign, the districts of Leix and Glenmaliere were reduced to shire ground and incorporated as Queen's County. The assize town was named Maryborough in honour of the Queen.

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    About this period, the whole of the district now forming the Queen's county was known by the name of Glenmaliere, and Lei,\ : the latter division was made a county palatine ; and on the division of the immense possessions of William, Earl Marshal, between his five daughters, it was allotted to the youngest, who had married William de Braosa, lord of Brecknock. Their daughter Maud married Roger Mortimer, lord of Wigmore ; and from this conne.\ion, the imperial house of Austria, and the royal families of Great Britain, France, Prussia, Denmark, Holland, Sardinia, and Saxony, derive their descent. Mortimer, preferring to reside on his English estates, employed one of the O'Mores to defend and manage his Irish property, who, within twenty years after, became so powerful, that he held it as his own, and proved one of the most turbulent opponents of the English settlers in that part of the pale. So fully, indeed, w-as his authority recognised as lord of the district, that he was summoned by the English government to oppose Bruce and the Scotch. For two centuries after, the district was the seat of an almost incessant war between the O'Mores and the English, which was carried on, however, without any occurrence of much historical importance on either side. During the same period the Mac Gillypatricks, or Fitzpatricks, maintained their independence in Ossory, but generally adhered to the English. In the 5th year of Mary, both districts were reduced to shire ground, and incorporated under the name of the Queen's county, the assize town being named Maryborough, in honour of the Queen. But this new arrangement did- not immediately tranquillize the country. At the close of the reign of Elizabeth, Owen Mac Rory O'More was so powerful that Sir George Carew, president of Munster, accompanied by the Earls of Thomond and Ormonde, was induced to hold a parley with him to bring him back to his allegiance, in which they were entrapped in an ambuscade, and the Earl of Ormonde made prisoner, and detained till he paid a ransom of £3000. The daring insurgent, however, was shortly after killed in a skirmish with Lord Mountjoy ; and the followers of the O'Mores were driven into the counties of Cork and Kerry, then nearly depopulated.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 234

42. Incredible fry catches near Lough Owel

    Lough Owel · lake or lakes · Westmeath

    From September to March, an incredible quantity of fish fry is caught in the ditches near the borders of Lough Owel. The Brosna river rises near this lake.

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    The manufactures are merely such as supply the demands of the inhabitants, being confined almost wholly to friezes, flannels, and coarse linens. There are no fisheries of any consequence, although all the lakes are stored with fish of various kinds and excellent quality. The Inny is well stocked with bream, trout, pike, eel, and roach ; salmon is found in the Inny and Brosiia, coming out of the Shannon ; Lough Dereveragh is celebrated for its white and red trout ; and about the month of May, a small fish of very pleasant flavour, called the Goaske, of the size of a herring, is taken in this and the neighbouring lake. In the ditches near the borders of Lough Hoyle, an incredible quantity of the fry offish is caught from September to March. In the bogs, and especially in slimy pits covered with water, is found a muscle, flatter and broader than the common sea muscle, the shell brighter in colour, much thinner, and very brittle. They are not numerous, nor are they much used as food.

    The Brosna and the Iiinij are the only rivers of any importance in the county : the former rises near Lough Hoyle ; the latter at Longhcrew, in the county of Mcath. Numerous rivulets, flowing through every part, discharge themsehes either into the lakes, or the larger rivers. The more remarkable of the lesser rivers are the 651

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 390

43. Infantry barracks on eminence north of Youghal

    Youghal · town · Cork

    Infantry barracks were situated on an eminence north of Youghal, providing accommodation for 6 officers and 150 men.

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    There are two public reading-rooms, one in the Mallhouse and the other in the Operative Association Rooms, both well furnished with English and Irish newspapers, periodicals, and works of reference. The Youghal Literary and Scientific Institution for the diffusion of knowledge by lectures on subjects capable of practical illustration, was founded in 1833, and is supported by annual subscriptions of half a guinea each, which entitle the subscriber and his family to admission to the lectures : a library and museum are in course of formation. A horticultural society has been established, and at fit seasons gives public exhibitions of flowers, fruits, and vegetables, for which prizes are awarded. Balls and concerts are held during the summer season at the Mall-house. A savings' bank was established in 1818, and a large and handsome building was erected for it in 1831, the expense of which was defrayed from the accumulated surplus fund ; the business is conducted by 10 trustees and 30 managers : in the year ending 20th November, 1844, the number of depositers was 11*8, by whom £10,653 were lodged ; and the total amount of deposits is £37,513. On an eminence north of the town are infantry barracks for the accommodation of 6 otficers and ISO men.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 411

44. Infirmary and Fever Hospital built on old poor-house site

    near Derry · city · Derry · 1814

    The Infirmary and Fever Hospital for the City and County was built in 1814 on the north side of Derry, replacing an old poor-house that had previously occupied the site of the present fish and vegetable markets. It contained 120 beds and served 463 patients.

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    consists of a centre with pavilions, from which extend wings with airing-sheds, terminating in angular pavilions, all of Dungiven sandstone ; above the centre rises a turret, the upper part of which forms an octagonal cupola : in the rear are several commodious airingyards, separated by ranges of brick building, including the domestic offices and workshops. The entire length of the front is 364 feet ; the depth of the building, with the airing-yards, 190 feet; and the height to the eave, 25 feet. 'The grounds comprise eight acres, including a plot in front ornamentally planted, and a good garden. The asylum was originally intended for 104 patients only, but was some years ago enlarged so as to admit 150; and being still too small, from the cells being partially occupied by incurables, persons afflicted with epilepsy, and idiots, the accommodation has been just again increased. The average annual expenditure for the three years ending 1835 was £2554. 3. : the average number of patients discharged recovered in each year was 42 ; discharged relieved, 6 ; and incurable, 4 ; and the average number of deaths was 17 in each year : the number of patients at the commencement of 1836 was 155. The total number of patients in 1844 was 212, and the expenditure £2910 : about 100 of the patients are constantly employed. The Infirmary and Fever Hospital for the City and County, on the north of the city, was built in 1814, in place of an old poor-house which previously occupied the site of the present fish and vegetable markets ; and is supported by parliamentary grants, grand jury presentments, governors' subscriptions, and contingencies : it contains 120 beds. The average annual income is £1475. 15., and the expenditure, £1456. 10.; the entire number of patients deriving relief from the institution is 463. A Dispensary for the city and north-west liberties was established in 1819 by Bishop Knox and the inhabitants, and is supported by voluntary contributions, an annual grant of £30 by the Irish Society, and presentments by the grand jury; the number of patients relieved in that year was 920, and the expenditure £235. 8.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 105

45. Inishmurray's precipitous coast and single entrance

    Inishmurray · townland · Sligo

    Inishmurray is an island lying two leagues out at sea on the northern coast, characterized by a steep cliff facing the ocean and steps shelving down toward the land. It has only one entrance, known to the inhabitants as "the Hole".

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    has been built at the expense of Lord Palmerston, for the accommodation of the fishermen. This part of Lord Palmerston s estate is much injured by the spreading of the sand over the surface to the depth of several feet, which is attributed to the pulling up of the bent that grew along the shore. Further south is Mtlhhdfeu, an inlet of some extent, but difficult of access, and fit only for vessels of small draught ; at its entrance is Carrig-na-Spaniahg, or " the Spanish rock, ' so called from the loss of one of the vessels of the Armada, which struck upon it. At Rinorcen Point, improperly called Gessigo, the coast expands into Sligo Bay, by an opening five miles broad to the further extremity of the bay at Aughris Head. On the northern side is the elevated peninsula of Raughly, connected with the sand-hills on the shore by a narrow neck of land. The bay then divides into three inlets, of which that in the middle, leading to Sligo, is the only one of importance, the others being rocky, and nearly dry at low water ; the northern inlet, from the shores of which come the Lisadill oysters, is called Drumcliffe bay ; the southern is the embouchure of Ballysadere river, at the entrance of which is a very profitable turbot-bank. Ballysadere river is navigable to the village, where there is as good anchorage for shipping as at Sligo : during the last fewyears there have been a considerable export of oats and oatmeal, and an import of coal. Salmon are prevented from going up this river by a ledge of rock which crosses it and forms a very fine waterfall. The passage to Sligo, which is five miles from the coast, is tortuous and difficult ; and vessels of large size must lie at the mouth, as there are only ten feet of water at the quay : they are, however, well protected by Oyster Island and Coney Island, which form a natural breakwater at the entrance. The former of these islands has a bed of oysters of large size but inferior in flavour to those of Lisadill. South of Coney Island is Magin"s Island, of small dimensions. Inrtismurray lies two leagues out at sea, on the northern coast, rising into a precipitous cliff towards the ocean, but shelving down like steps towards the land ; it has but one entrance, called by the inhabitimts "the Hole : " a description of the isle is given under its own head. From Aughris Head the coast takes a western direction along a rocky shore to the opening into Killala Bay, and thence to the mouth of the Moy, which forms the boundary of the county.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 289

46. Inniscattery island under Limerick jurisdiction

    Scattery Island · townland · Clare

    The small island of Inniscattery, located about 60 miles from Limerick at the mouth of the Shannon, formed part of the parish of St. Mary and fell within the jurisdiction of the Limerick corporation.

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    The liberties, as they were defined previously to 1840, were divided into North and South by the river Shannon. The limits of the North liberties varied from one to four statute miles, comprising 1714 acres, as rated to the grand jury cess ; the South liberties, extending from four to five statute miles, comprehended 14,754 acres assessed : making in all 16,458 Irish acres, equal to about 26,600 statute acres ; exclusively of the site of the town. By the new act, the extent of the liberties was much curtailed, except for parliamentary purposes ; as many as 24,000 statute acres being added to the adjoining baronies north and south. The small island of Inniscattery, about 60 miles distant, at the mouth of the Shannon, forms a part of the parish of St. Mary, and is within the jurisdiction of the corporation. The mayor is a justice of the peace within the county of the city, and ex officio a magistrate for the county at large : he is a judge in local courts, and is named first in the commission with the judges at the assizes for the county of the city ; he is also clcrk-of-the-markets ; and was, until lately, the coroner of the city, and had chartered admiralty jurisdiction over the Shannon. The other magistrates are appointed by the Lord-Lieutenant.

    LIME

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 79

47. Innisfallen Abbey and the Annals of Innisfallen

    Innisfallen · townland · Kerry · 500–599

    Innisfallen, originally called Innis-Nessan, is the most beautiful island in the Lower Lake and is home to a venerable abbey founded by St. Finian Lobhar at the close of the 6th century. The celebrated 'Annals of Innisfallen,' an ancient manuscript containing a general history of the world and then the history of Ireland, were compiled by some of the brethren. The ruins are inconsiderable and of rude character, and an ancient oratory with a Norman doorway stands on a projecting cliff nearby.

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    The Lower Lake is about six miles in length and three miles in breadth. It is bounded on the west by the mountain of Glenil, rising abruptly from the water at that part called Glenil bay ; and farther to the nortli by the Tomies mountain, which is of more gradual elevation, and has at its base a considerable tract of fertile and richly cultivated land, sloping to the margin of the lake. Of the numerous islands in this lake, the largest is that called Ross Island, containing about 80 plantation acres, and which, being separated from the main land only by an artificial channel crossed by a bridge, forms a peninsula projecting considerably into the hike. Here are the picturesque ruins of Ross Castle, founded by the O'Donoghues j it was defended by Lord Muskerry against the parliamentarians in 165'2, and surrendered to Ludlow. This fortress gives the inferior titles of Viscount and Baron of Castlerosse to the Earl of Kenniare. The shores of Ross are deeply indented, and the rocks along its borders worn into every variety of fanciful forms ; it is ornamented with thriving plantations, and the arbutus and other evergreens here flourish in the richest luxuriance. Near the castle is a small pier, this being the general point of embarkation for visiters to the lakes. At a short distance from the pier, the sound of a bugle is returned, successively from the castle, the ruined church of Aghadoe, and Mangerton ; and afterwards innumerable reverberations are heard, becoming gradually fainter till they are lost in the distance. To the north is O'Donoghite's Prison, a, rock rising about thirty feet above the surface of the lake ; from the fissures of which on the summit grow the arbutus, ash, and holly, in the greatest luxuriance ; and which, according to tradition, was used by a chieftain of that name, of prodigious strength, as a place of confinement. To the north of it are Heron and Lamb Islands ; and to the west. Brown and Rabbit. Islands, the last remarkable for its quarries of limestone, which is burnt for manure. Westward of Ross Island is that of Innisfallen, the most beautiful and interesting of all in the Lower Lake : it is extremely fertile, and richly clothed with wood to the water's edge ; among various trees of stately growth is a holly, the stem of which is fourteen feet in girth. Its name, originally Innis-Nessan, from the father of the founder of its venerable abbey, was subsequently changed to Innisfallen, as more descriptive of its natural beauty: it forms the subject of Moore's melody commencing — " Sweet Innisfallen, fare thee well I " The abbey was founded by St. Finian Lobhar, or the Leper, at the close of the 6th century ; and by some of the brethren were compiled the celebrated "Annals of Innisfallen," an ancient manuscript, containing a general history of the world from the creation to the year 430 of the Christian era, but thenceforward confined to the history of Ireland. The ruins are inconsiderable and of rude character. On a projecting clitf near the abbey is an ancient oratory, with a richly embellished Norman doorway ; it was till lately used as a place of refresh- 95

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 35

48. Innishtrahull lighthouse guiding approach to Lough Foyle

    Inishtrahull · townland · Donegal

    A lighthouse on the island of Innistrahull facilitates the approach to Lough Foyle for shipping heading to Derry. It is one of several navigational aids marking the entrance to the lough.

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    Derry is about 19 statute miles above the entrance to Lough Foyle, the approach to which is facilitated by a lighthouse on the island of Innistrahull ; and by two others of late erection on Shrove Head, Ennishowen, intended to serve as guiding lights past the great Tun Bank lying to the east. The limits of the port extend to Culmore, a distance of three miles ; the lough has been deepened under the direction of the Ballast Committee, in consequence of which, vessels drawing 14 feet of water can come close to the quays. At the entrance to the lough is a well-regulated establishment of pilots, under the superintendence of the Ballast Board. The Ballast Office was established by act of parliament in 1790, and remodelled by another act in 1833 : the port regulations are under the control of a committee of this establishment, consisting of the mayor and seven other members, of whom the two senior members go out annually by rotation, and who have the power of making by-laws. The corporation alone possessed the right of having quays prior to 1832, when they lost their monopoly, and private quays were constructed : they disposed of their interest in the merchants' or custom-house quays, in Nov. 1831. There are now 21 sufferance or private wharfs or quays, including two at Waterside, in the parish of Clondermot. A patent-slip dock was constructed in 1830, at an expense of £4000, in which vessels of 300 tons registered burthen can be repaired : prior to that period most vessels were sent for repair to Liverpool or the Clyde, and several large brigs have been built here since that date. Naval stores are brought chiefly from Belfast, but sails are manufactured here.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 102

49. Inscribed red flagstone at Cloonagh townland

    Kilglass and Cloonagh · townland · Longford

    On the townland of Cloonagh in Killoe parish lies a large red flagstone inscribed with many emblems or characters. The stone's markings remain unexplained but suggest an ancient carved monument.

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    united to Clongesh, and the latter to Tcmplomithael ; the rectory is impropriate in Sir J. B. Pictb, Bart. The tithe rent-charge of Lower Killoe amounts to £609. 4. S., of which £207. 14. arc payable to the impropriator, and the remainder to the rector of Clongesh ; the tithe of Upper Killoe amounts to £150, of which £67. 10. are payable to the impropriator, and the remainder to the rector of Templemichael. There is a church in Lower Killoe, for the erection of which the late Board of First Fruits, in 1824, gave £900, and Willonghby Bond, Esq., £200 ; also a church at Drunilish, in Upper Killoe, for the erection of which the Board gave £900, in 1S24. A glebe of 79 acres is attached to the church in Lower Killoe. In the Roman Catholic divisions this parish forms three districts, namely, Moyne and Drimard, Drumlish and Ballinamuck, and Killoe and Aiiibegs,and contains six chapels. At Corboy is a meeting-house for Presbyterians in connexion with the General Assembly. There arc public schools in Lower Killoe, to one of which the Roman Catholic Bishop of Ardagh contributes £20 annually ; and in Upper Killoe are three public schools, to which the Countess Dowager of Rosse contributes £8, Viscount Lorton £10, Willoughby Bond. Esq., £8, and the rector £2, annually. At Newtown- Bond are the ruins of a church, and near Bawnmore those of an ancient castle and two Danish forts : on the townland of Cloonagh is a large red flagstone, inscribed with many emblems or characters. — See Ballinamvck and Drumlish.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 40

50. Insurgent army takes Limerick, royal garrison surrenders castle

    Limerick · city · Limerick · 1642

    In 1642, an insurgent army under Lord Ikerrin, Lord Muskerry, and General Barry approached Limerick. The citizens threw open the gates, and the royal garrison of 200 men who had shut themselves in the castle were compelled to surrender after obstinate defence.

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    Deputy Wentworth, who was splendidly entertained by the mayor for nine days, and on his departure presented to the corporation a valuable cup of silver gilt. On the approach of the insurgent army under Lord Ikerrin, Lord Muskerry, and General Barry, in 164'2, the gates were thrown open by the citizens ; and the royal garrison, consisting only of 200 men who had shut themselves up in the castle, were compelled to surrender after an obstinate defence ; after which, the magistrates sent representatives to the Catholic convention at Kilkenny, and made every exertion to repair and strengthen the fortifications. In 1646, when it was attempted to proclaim the pacification that had just been concluded between King Charles and the parliament, the attempt was met by violence ; and afterwards, the supreme council, headed by Rinuncini, the pope's nuncio, removed hither, to encourage the besiegers of the neighbouring castle of Bunratty, on the Clare side of the Shannon, in which the parliamentarians had placed a garrison. In 1650, the Marquess of Ormonde marched info the city, in the hope of securing it for the king ; but the nuncio's party having deprived him of all power, he at length quitted the kingdom, leaving the command of the royalist troops to the Earl of Castlehaven,who induced the magistrates to accept his offer to defend them against the threatened attack of Ireton. The latter, however, did not commence operations until the spring of 1651 ; and the siege being protracted until the approach of winter, famine, misery, and death made formidable ravages among the ranks of both parties. The attempts of the Irish forces to relieve the place were defeated, but a sally by O'Nial, who commanded the garrison, nearly proved fatal to the besiegers. The privations of the inhabitants at length compelled the troops to turn out all useless persons, who, to prevent them from communicating the plague, which then raged at Limerick, to the parliamentarian forces, were, at the command of Ireton, immediately whipped back ; and dissensions gradually arose among the besieged, as to the propriety of capitulating. The resistance of the clergy to a surrender being at length overbalanced by some officers who took possession of one of the gates and turned the cannon against the city, the place was surrendered to the besiegers on condition that the garrison should march out unarmed, and the inhabitants be allowed time for removing, with their effects, to any place where they might be appointed to live. Twenty-four persons were excluded by name from the benefit of this treaty : the soldiers, who marched out to the number of 2500, were greatly reduced by disease contracted by the sufferings of a protracted siege of six months. After the surrender, the emblems of royalty were removed, the magistrates displaced ; and for five years the city was subjected to a military government. In 1653 an act was passed permitting the English adventurers, officers, and soldiers, to purchase the forfeited houses at six years' purchase ; and a charter was granted conferring upon the citizens the same privileges and franchises as those enjoyed by the city of Bristol. In 1656, the municipal government was restored, by the election of a mayor and twelve English aldermen.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 76

51. Insurgents attacked Enniscorthy in 1798

    Enniscorthy · townland · Wexford · 1798

    After their victory at Oulart, the insurgents attacked Enniscorthy the next day and forced the garrison to fall back upon Wexford, cutting off a party advancing from Duncannon Fort.

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    In the month of April, 1798, the county was subjected to martial law, in consequence of the suspicions of the secret organization of the society of United Irishmen, which had already pervaded most of the other counties, having been extended to it ; but it was not until after actual hostilities had broken out in other parts, that any military force was sent hither. The burning of the chapel of Boulavogue, in the parish of Kilcorrauck, by the military, and the cruel treatment of the peasantry in order to force them to confess their guilt, hastened the assembly of the people in arms on the two neighbouring hills of Oulart and Kilmacthomas. They were immediately driven from the latter position with some loss ; but at the former they routed and cut to pieces the detachment of the military sent to disperse them. Increasing now in numbers and in confidence, the insurgents attacked Enniscorthy the next day, and forced the garrison to fall back upon Wexford. Having at the same time cut off a party of infantry and artillery that was advancing from Duncannon Fort to strengthen

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 392

52. Insurgents burn churches at Kilkeedy, Ballybrook, and Athlacca

    Kilkeedy · parish · Limerick · 1821–1822

    During the Captain Rock insurrection, the insurgents burnt the churches of Kilkeedy, Ballybrook, and Athlacca, together with several gentlemen's houses, and publicly divided the plundered property among the captors.

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    In 1820 succeeded the distresses occasioned by the stoppage of nearly all the principal banks in Munstcr. The scarcity of provisions caused by the failure of the crops in the following year, reduced the peasantry to the last stage of calamity ; the consequence was, an insurrection more maturely planned and vigorously executed than any that had preceded. In every quarter of the county, predatory bands appeared under the directions of an invisible chief, styled Caitai.v Rock, declaring their determination to reduce high rents, tithes, and taxes, and threatening with destruction all proi)rietors of land who should attempt to disobey their mandates. The outrages of the insurgents increased and extended, in spite of the exertions of the gentry, military, and Roman Cathohc clergy ; Abbeyfeale, on the borders of Limerick and Kerry, became their chief place of rendezvous. The police were augmented; large bodies of regular troops were sent into the county, and quartered generally in the western baronies. Yet still the insurgents kept up a kind of guerilla warfare : parties of them were attacked by surprise, and deprived of their arms, but when dispersed in one quarter they shewed themselves suddenly in another, committing their devastations often in the open day ; the churches of Kilkeedy, Ballybrook, and Athlacca, together with several gentlemen's houses, were burnt by them, and the plundered property publicly and systematically divided among the captors. Several wealthy and influential persons were murdered, amongst whom was a Roman Catholic clergyman, who had rashly attempted to exhort them to submission to the laws j and it was only under the apphcation of the Insurrection act, and

    LIME

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 73

53. Insurgents burn Lismore houses in retaliation for Clogheen

    Lismore · town · Waterford · 1643

    In 1643, a party of 200 insurgents, in retaliation for the destruction of Clogheen by the Lismore garrison, entered the town and burned most of the thatched houses and cabins, killed 60 inhabitants, and carried off several prisoners.

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    At the commencement of the war in 1641, the castle was besieged by a force of .'.OOO Irish under Sir Richard Belling, but was bravely defended by the earl's son. Lord Broghill, who compelled them to abandon the attempt. In 1643, a party of 200 insurgents, in retaliation for the destruction of Clogheen by the garrison of this place, entered the town and burned most of the thatched houses and cabins, killed 60 of the inhabitants, and carried off several prisoners. In July of the same year Lieutenant- General Purcell, commander-in-chief of the insurgent forces, at the head of 7000 foot and 900 horse, with three pieces of artillery, marched to Cappoquin, where he remained for four days, laying waste the adjacent country ; and being there joined by Lord Muskerry, he advanced to besiege the castle of Lismore. After a week's siege, a cessation of arms was mutually agreed on, and the assailants immediately retired ; but the castle suffered great injury during this war, and in 1645, being burned 246

    by Lord Castlehaven, it was reduced almost to a ruin, and the town became a neglected village, consisting only of a few miserable cabins. In 16S6, the Earl of Clarendon, on his progress through Munster, passed a night in this castle, which was also visited by James II., in 1689; and in 1785 the Duke of Rutland, Lord- Lieutenant of Ireland, held a council in the castle, from which he issued several proclamations. The castle, with all its lands and other property, descended from the Earls of Cork and Burlington, by marriage, to the ancestor of his Grace the Duke of Devonshire, who is the present proprietor.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 85

54. Insurgents defeated at Vinegar Hill near Enniscorthy

    near Vinegar Hill · hill or hills · Wexford · 1798

    The main body of insurgents was totally defeated at Vinegar Hill near Enniscorthy, prompting the insurgents in Wexford to evacuate the town with such precipitation that yeoman-cavalry entered without opposition.

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    In 1793, a large body of the peasantry advanced hither to rescue some Whiteboy prisoners. On their approach, a detachment of the garrison was sent out to disperse them, the commander of which. Captain Valloton, having ridden in advance of his men, for the humane purpose of expostulating with the insurgents on their conduct, was cut down by a scythe : a monumental obelisk erected on the Windmill hill commemorates this deplorable event. During the disturbances of 1798, Wexford was the chief position of the insurgents in the south of Ireland. After the defeat of a detachment of the king's troops, at the Three Rocks, on the 30th of May, on their march to the town, it was evacuated in a panic by the garrison, and immediately taken possession of by the insurgents, who made it their principal station, and kept it till the '21st of the following month, during which time they put to death 91 of their prisoners on the bridge. On the advance of the royal army, however, after the total defeat of the main body of the insurgents at Vinegar Hill, near Enniscorthy, it was evacuated with such precipitation that a troop of yeoman-cavalry, which had boldly galloped in advance of the main body, in the hope of preventing the apprehended ill-treatment of their wives and families from the paroxysms of despair of their opponents, entered without the smallest check or opposition. Medals of gold and silver were struck by order of the corporation, to commemorate this event, and were given to the officers aud privates of the corps. In 1804, the walls underwent a thorough repair, at the expense of the corporation, on which occasion a piece of plate was presented to the mayor.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 398

55. Insurgents routed military at Oulart Hill

    Oulart · town · Wexford · 1798

    The people assembled in arms on the neighbouring hills of Oulart and Kilmacthomas. They were driven from Kilmacthomas with some loss, but at Oulart they routed and cut to pieces the detachment of military sent to disperse them.

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    In the month of April, 1798, the county was subjected to martial law, in consequence of the suspicions of the secret organization of the society of United Irishmen, which had already pervaded most of the other counties, having been extended to it ; but it was not until after actual hostilities had broken out in other parts, that any military force was sent hither. The burning of the chapel of Boulavogue, in the parish of Kilcorrauck, by the military, and the cruel treatment of the peasantry in order to force them to confess their guilt, hastened the assembly of the people in arms on the two neighbouring hills of Oulart and Kilmacthomas. They were immediately driven from the latter position with some loss ; but at the former they routed and cut to pieces the detachment of the military sent to disperse them. Increasing now in numbers and in confidence, the insurgents attacked Enniscorthy the next day, and forced the garrison to fall back upon Wexford. Having at the same time cut off a party of infantry and artillery that was advancing from Duncannon Fort to strengthen

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 392

56. Inver Castle, principal fortress of Erris

    Inver · townland · Mayo

    Inver Castle, on the eastern side of Broadhaven, was the principal fortress in Erris and appears to have been a structure of great extent and strength. Many ruins of inferior note are also found in this barony.

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    There are four ancient round towers in the county, at Killala, Turlogh, Meelick, and Baal or Ballagh. The Monasterii'S were numerous, and of high repute for sanctity and wealth. The principal were, Burrishoole ; Ballintubber or Tubberpatrick ; Ballynasmall ; Urlare or Orlare ; Ballyhaunis, which was inhabited by a fraternity of friars in 1641; Cross; Strade ; Ballinrobe or De Roba ; Mayo, which was afterwards the residence of a bishop, and gave name to the county ; Ballina ; Crossmolina ; Moyne ; Rathbran or Rafran ; Rosserick ; and Bofin, in the island of Innisbofin. Among the military ANTiauiTiES the most ancient is that at Duwnpatrkk or Dunbriste, built on a neck of land forming a cliBF three hundred feet high projecting into the sea ; at about the same distance in the sea stands a rugged perpendicular rock of equal elevation with that on the main land, of a triangular shape, contracting gradually from a large base, to the summit, where it is about sixty yards round, and on which are the ruins of a building. The strata, and indentations of surface, in the cliff on the main land and in the insulated rock, correspond in shape and colour. Near the extremity of the neck of land, a strong grouted wall has been built across the point from sea to sea. The appearance of the whole seems to indicate, that the island was at one period attached to the main land but was dissevered from it by some convulsion of nature; and the name Dunbriste, which signifies " the broken rock," confirms this supposition. The place is one of peculiar veneration ; the people resorting to it do penance around several stone crosses on Good Friday, at which time a priest is in attendance. Rockjieet Castle, a small square building on the shore, about three miles west of Newport, is said to have been built by the celebrated Grace O'Malley, already mentioned, who was so singularly attached to the sea that all her castles were erected on the coast ; and tradition states, that when she slept on shore the cable of her own barge was always fastened to her bedpost. Ballylahen Castle, in Gallen barony, was built by one of the Jordan or Dexter family, who built ten others for his ten sons ; they are all small square buildings with a very few contracted windows, a description applicable to most of the castellated structures so numerously scattered throughout the county. Inver Castle, on the eastern side of Broadhaven, was the Vol. IL— 3n

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 148

57. Ireton captures Nenagh, 1651

    Nenagh · town · Tipperary · 1651

    Ireton, in his march against Limerick in 1651, invested the town of Nenagh and compelled the garrison to surrender at discretion. This was part of the Cromwellian conquest of Ireland.

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    NENAGH, a market and post town, a parish, and the head of a union, partly in the barony of IJpper Or- MOND, but chiefly in that of Lower Ormond, county of Tipperary, and province of Munster, 19 miles (N. E.) from Limerick, and 75 (S. W.) from Dublin, on the road between these cities ; containing 9540 inhabitants, of whom 86 IS are in the town, which is the largest (except one) as to population, that does not return a member to parliament. This was one of the ancient manors of the Butlers, by whom the old castle, now in ruins, is supposed to have been erected. In 1200, an hospital was founded here for Augustinian canons, who were to admit into it the sick and infirm : it was dedicated to St. John the Baptist, whence it was usually called Teacheon, Tyone, or St. John's house ; and was endowed by Theobald Walter, the first Butler of Ireland, with lands for the maintenance of thirteen beds for strangers. After the dissolution of religious houses, the building and its possessions were granted by Elizabeth, in the fifth year of her reign, to Oliver Grace. In the reign of Henry III., a member of the Butler or of the Kennedy family established a Franciscan friary, which was one of the richest foundations belonging to that order in the kingdom ; it was finally leased by Elizabeth to Robert Collum for a term of years. In 1550, O'CarroU burned both the town and the friary, but the garrison saved the castle. In 1641, the place was taken by the Irish under Owen Roe O'Nial, from whom it was afterwards wrested by Lord Inchiquin. Ireton, in his march against Limerick in 1651, invested the town, and compelled the garrison to surrender at discretion. In the war of 1688, it fell into the hands of Anthony Carroll, an active leader under Sarsfield, who made it the centre of his operations, until compelled to abandon it on the approach of a force under General Leveson, when he burned the town in his retreat.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 198

58. Ireton captures Waterford after smoke-bomb ruse, 1650

    Waterford · city · Waterford · 1650

    Ireton besieged Waterford in June 1650. When parliamentarian troops burned the suburbs, wind-driven smoke terrified the besieged into thinking a full assault was underway. Two brothers named Croker scaled the walls under cover of smoke, seized the great guns, and opened the western gate. The citadel surrendered on 10 August; the parliamentarian army then destroyed churches, works of art, and ancient tombs.

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    Early in the following June, Waterford was again besieged by the parliamentary forces, under the command of Ireton, on whose approach General Preston, then governor, sent to the Marquess of Ormonde to inform him that, unless supplies were immediately forwarded, he should be obliged to surrender ; these not being sent, the garrison was reduced to the greatest distress. Though the siege was begun early in June, Ireton did not summon the city to surrender till the 25th of July : soon after the besieged made a sally, but were driven back with loss ; aud a party of musketeers being sent by the besiegers to burn the suburbs, the smoke driven by the wind into the city so terrified the besieged, that they thought the whole army had made an assault, and began to seek safety by the eastern gate. Two brothers named Croker, who led the party that burnt the suburbs, \mder cover of the smoke, which concealed the smallness of their number, scaled the walls and marched forward to the main guard, putting all they met to the sword. The besieged, firmly believing that the whole of Ireton's army had forced their way into the city, were seized with a panic, which enabled this small party to secure all the great guns and march w ith them to the western gate, which they opened to their fellow soldiers, who immediately entered. The citadel still held out, but, after a protracted treaty, surrendered on the 10th of August, upon terms favourable to the citizens generally, whose persons and property were guaranteed from injury. The violence of the parliamentarian army was chiefly directed against the churches, works of art, and remains of antiquity; not even the tombs of the dead being spared from mutilation.

    W ATE

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 381

59. Ireton's fortification in Newtown demesne near Bantry

    Bantry · town · Cork · 1649–1653

    Within the demesne of Newtown, about half a mile north-west of Bantry, are the remains of a fortification raised by Ireton during the parliamentary war. The walls and towers have been demolished and the cannon thrown into a deep well, but the moat remains entire.

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    is remaining, and is used by the Roman Catholics as a burial-place. Within the demesne of Xewtou-n, about half a mile to the north- west of Bantry, are the remains of a fortification raised by Ireton during the parliamentary war : it consists of a quadrilateral area, and was defended by angular bastions and surrounded by a fosse, but the walls and towers have long been demolished, and the cannon was at the same time thrown into a very deep well ; the moat still remains entire. Not far from this spot is the beautiful cascade of Donnemark ; and at another place, called Neu-town, to the south of Bantry, is a very antique stone pillar in a burial-ground, with some rude sculpture of men in armour, and other curious devices. Danish forts are numerously scattered over the parish ; and, in 1834, more than 3000 silver coins, chiefly pence, groats, and half-groats, of the reigns of the earlier Edwards and Henrys, and of Alexander, King of Scotland, were found. At Carriganass are the ruins of the castle built by O'SulIivan Bere, and garrisoned by Daniel O'SuUivan against the forces of Ehzabeth ; it surrendered, after the capture of Dunboy Fort, to Sir George Carew, and at present consists of a lofty square tower on a precipitous rock rising from the banks of the river Auvane, and some extensive outworks. On the same river, near its influx into the bay, are the ruined gables of the castle of Hindisart, the stronghold of Sir Owen O'SulIivan, which was taken by Ireton in the parliamentary war, and by his orders demolished. Near Carriganass are the extensive and ivy-clad ruins of the old church of Kilmacomogue, and not far from the town those of the old church of Bantry, from the floor of which rise some lofty poplars. There are several chalybeate springs, the most esteemed of which is near the old abbey of Bantry ; and in the vicinity of lake Capanabool is a cromlech surrounded by nine upright stones. — See Bantry and Whiddy Island.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 43

60. Ireton's siege of Limerick: plague, famine and surrender

    Limerick · city · Limerick · 1651

    Ireton began the siege of Limerick in spring 1651, protracted until winter brought famine, plague, and death. Expelled inhabitants were whipped back to prevent plague spreading to parliamentarian forces. The city surrendered after six months, with 2500 soldiers marching out unarmed.

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    Deputy Wentworth, who was splendidly entertained by the mayor for nine days, and on his departure presented to the corporation a valuable cup of silver gilt. On the approach of the insurgent army under Lord Ikerrin, Lord Muskerry, and General Barry, in 164'2, the gates were thrown open by the citizens ; and the royal garrison, consisting only of 200 men who had shut themselves up in the castle, were compelled to surrender after an obstinate defence ; after which, the magistrates sent representatives to the Catholic convention at Kilkenny, and made every exertion to repair and strengthen the fortifications. In 1646, when it was attempted to proclaim the pacification that had just been concluded between King Charles and the parliament, the attempt was met by violence ; and afterwards, the supreme council, headed by Rinuncini, the pope's nuncio, removed hither, to encourage the besiegers of the neighbouring castle of Bunratty, on the Clare side of the Shannon, in which the parliamentarians had placed a garrison. In 1650, the Marquess of Ormonde marched info the city, in the hope of securing it for the king ; but the nuncio's party having deprived him of all power, he at length quitted the kingdom, leaving the command of the royalist troops to the Earl of Castlehaven,who induced the magistrates to accept his offer to defend them against the threatened attack of Ireton. The latter, however, did not commence operations until the spring of 1651 ; and the siege being protracted until the approach of winter, famine, misery, and death made formidable ravages among the ranks of both parties. The attempts of the Irish forces to relieve the place were defeated, but a sally by O'Nial, who commanded the garrison, nearly proved fatal to the besiegers. The privations of the inhabitants at length compelled the troops to turn out all useless persons, who, to prevent them from communicating the plague, which then raged at Limerick, to the parliamentarian forces, were, at the command of Ireton, immediately whipped back ; and dissensions gradually arose among the besieged, as to the propriety of capitulating. The resistance of the clergy to a surrender being at length overbalanced by some officers who took possession of one of the gates and turned the cannon against the city, the place was surrendered to the besiegers on condition that the garrison should march out unarmed, and the inhabitants be allowed time for removing, with their effects, to any place where they might be appointed to live. Twenty-four persons were excluded by name from the benefit of this treaty : the soldiers, who marched out to the number of 2500, were greatly reduced by disease contracted by the sufferings of a protracted siege of six months. After the surrender, the emblems of royalty were removed, the magistrates displaced ; and for five years the city was subjected to a military government. In 1653 an act was passed permitting the English adventurers, officers, and soldiers, to purchase the forfeited houses at six years' purchase ; and a charter was granted conferring upon the citizens the same privileges and franchises as those enjoyed by the city of Bristol. In 1656, the municipal government was restored, by the election of a mayor and twelve English aldermen.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 76