A topographical dictionary of Ireland : comprising the several counties; cities; boroughs; corporate, market and post towns; parishes; and villages, with historical and statistical descriptions embellished with engravings of the arms of the cities, bishopricks, corporate towns, and boroughs ; and of the seals of the several municipal corporations .. (vol. 2)

Each story keeps the passage it was read from. Open one to read it as the scan has it, and, where the companion has written its own telling, that too. The passages are read off photographs of the page by machine, so a word here and there comes out wrong; they are kept as the reading produced them, so you can check any of them against the scan.

1. Grand Canal tunnel through Downings hill near Prosperous

   Downings · parish · Kildare

   Near the town of Prosperous, County Kildare, the Grand Canal is carried through the hill of Downings. This engineering feature passes through elevated ground near the low, marshy situation of the town.

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   weavers still find some employment, but its situation in a low and marshy spot, surrounded by bogs and without water-power, affords neither advantages for the establishment of works of importance, nor reasonable hope of its revival. Near the town, the Grand Canal is carried through the hill of Downings. A constabulary police station has been established here ; and there is a small thatched Roman Catholic chapel.

   PUBBLEDRUM, an ancient parish, partly in the barony of Rathvilly, but chiefly in that of Forth, union and county of Carlow, and province of Lein- STER, 2 miles (E.) from Tullow, ou the road to Clonegal ; containing about 1270 inhabitants. It comprises 4503 statute acres, of which nearly one-half consists of woodland, and the remainder, with the exception of about 240 acres of bog, is arable land : the state of agriculture is improving. Limestone abounds, and is burnt for manure ; fine granite adapted for building is also found. The parish has been for several centuries the seat of a branch of the ancient family of Butler, and contains Ballintemple, the residence of Sir Thomas Butler, Bart. ; and the house of Broomville. At Blacklion is a station of the constabulary police. In the ecclesiastical divisions this is not known as a parish, but is considered to form part of the district parish of Ardoyne, in the diocese of Leighlin ; and in the Roman Catholic divisions it is partly included in the union or district of Tullow, and partly in that of Gilbertstown : the chapel is at Ardattin. At Ballintemple are the ruins of an old church, beautifully situated on the margin of the river Slaney.

   Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 233

2. Grange castle and church remains, Kilmainham

   Grange · townland · Dublin

   In the parish of Kilmainham, there are remains of a church and of a castle at Grange. The parish is a chapelry forming part of the union of Clondalkin.

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   KILMAHUDDRICK, a parish, in the union of South Dublin, barony of Newcastle, county of Dublin, and province of Leinster, 5 miles (S. W.) from Dublin; containing 6 inhabitants, and comprising ISlJ statute acres. It is a chapelry, in the diocese of Dublin, forming part of the union of Clondalkin : the tithe rent-charge is £1'2. 10. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish forms part of the district of Lucan. There are some remains of the church ; and of a castle at Grange.

   KILMAINBEG, a parish, in the barony of Kil- MAiN, union of Ballinrobe, county of Mayo, and province of Connaught, 5 miles (s. E.) from Ballinrobe, and on the confines of the county of Galway ; containing 1491 inhabitants. It comprises 3614 statute acres, which are principally under tillage. It is a vicarage, in the diocese of Tuam, forming part of the union of Kilmainniore ; the rectory is partly appropriate to the prebend of Killabeggs and partly to the vicarage, and the tithe rent-charge of the parish is £103.6. 6., of which £7. 10. are payable to the prebendary, and the remainder to the vicar. In the Roman Catholic divisions Kilmainbeg is part of the district of Kilmain.

   Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 43

3. Grange chapel in Outrath parish, Kilkenny

   Outrath · townland · Kilkenny

   The parish of Outrath, 1.5 miles south of Kilkenny, is a prebend in the diocese of Ossory forming part of the union of Inchiolaghan. In Roman Catholic divisions the parish belongs to St. Patrick's district and contains the chapel of Grange.

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   OUTRATH, a parish, in the barony of Shillelogher, union and county of Kilkenny, and province of Leinster, 1^ mile (S.) from Kilkenny; containing 599 inhabitants, and comprising 2050 statute acres. It is a prebend, in the diocese of Ossory, forming part of the union of Inchiolaghan and of the corps of the chancellorship of Ossory : the tithe rent-charge is £150. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish is part of the district of St. Patrick's, and contains the chapel of Grange.

   OVENS. — See Athnowen.

   Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 227

4. Grange seat near Kilmocree harbour shore

   Grange · townland · Wexford

   Grange is a seat in the parish of Kilmocree, agreeably situated in a thriving plantation near the shore of the harbour. A navigable channel called the ialet separates the parish from Killinick and is used by lighters bringing coal and other articles.

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   ialet, separating this parish from KiUinick, is navigable for lighters, which bring up coal and other articles. Grange, a seat in the parish, is agreeably situated in a thriving plantation near the shore of the harbour. Kilmocree is au impropriate curacy, in the diocese of Ferns, forming part of the union of KiUinick ; the rectory is impropnate in the Earl of Portsmouth, and the tithe rent-charge is £44. IS. S., of which £13. S. 6. are payable to the impropriator, and the remainder to the curate. In the Roman Catholic divisions Kilmocree is part of the district of Piercetown, and has a chapel on the border of the parish. The ruins of the church still remain, in the burial-ground.

   KILMODUM, a parish, in the union of Kilkenny, partly in the barony of F.\ssadtning, but chiefly in the barony of Go\vr.\n, county of Kilkenny, and province of Leinster, 4| miles (S.) from Castlecomer ; on the river Dinin and the road to Kilkenny ; containing 1119 inhabitants, and comprising 3425 statute acres. It is a vicarage, in the diocese of Ossory, forming part of the union of Dunmore ; the rectory is impropriate in the corporation of Kilkenny, and the tithe rent-charge is £157. 10., of which £105 are payable to the impropriators, and £5'2. 10. to the vicar. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish is part of St. John's district.

   Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 46

5. Granite church built at Tyrella on old site

   near Tyrella · parish · Down · 1839–1842

   After the separation of the rectory from the deanery of Down in 1839, a handsome church of cut granite was erected at Tyrella on the site of the old edifice. It was opened for divine service in September 1842.

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   TYRELLA, a parish, in the union of Downpatrick, barony of Legale, county of Down, and province of Ulster, 4 miles (S. S. E.) from Clough, and 6 (s. \V.) from Downpatrick ; containing 1079 inhabitants. This parish is situated on the bay of Dundrum, by which it is bounded on the south ; and comprises 1999^ statute acres, the whole of which, with the exception of a few acres of sand-hills along the shore, is land of good quality and in a state of profitable cultivation. The system of agriculture is improved ; and the crops of wheat, barley, oats, flax, and potatoes, are abundant, the lands being much enriched by the facility of obtaining sea sand and weed for manure. Tyrella House, the handsome residence of the Montgomery family, is beautifully situated in a richly planted demesne of 300 acres, commanding extensive views over the bay, with the noble range of the Morne mountains in the background, and containing within its limits the parish church. Off the coast is a rocky shoal extending one mile from the shore, at the extremity of which is a rock called the Cow and Calf, seldom covered by the sea. The parish is a rectory, in the diocese of Down, till lately forming part of the union and corps of the deanery of Down: the tithe rent-charge is £1'23. 1'2. After the separation of the rectory from the deanery, in 1S39, a handsome church of cut granite was erected on the site of the old edifice ; it was opened for divine service in September, 1S4'2. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish is the head of a district, comprising also the parish of Ballykinlar and part of Loughinisland ; there are chapels at Ballykinlar and Drumaroda. In the demesne of Tyrella House, and near the church, a cave was discovered in 1S32, artificially constructed of uncemented stones, and covered with flagstones, above which the earth is thickly heaped ; it is 43 yards long, 2^ feet wide, and about .5 feet high, dividing into three chambers, 60, 45, and 24 feet in length respectively, the last extending its width to six feet.

   Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 364

6. Granite monument to fourth Duke of Dorset at Killiney

   Killiney · townland · Dublin · 1815

   Near Dorset Lodge stands a pyramidical granite monument marking the spot where the fourth Duke of Dorset accidentally lost his life while hunting in 1815.

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   Board of First Fruits, and is in the later English style, built of the white granite that is found in great abundance on the spot ; at the west end is an embattled tower with pinnacles. There is no glebe-house ; the glebe consists of nearly two acres. In the Roman Catholic divisions this parish forms part of the district of Kingstown. A dispensary in the village is maintained in the customary manner. Near Killiney bay are two martello towers and two batteries : the picturesque ruins of the old church, covered with ivy, are also on the shore. In Killiney Park and the grounds of Druid Cottage are some interesting Druidical remains : stone coffins, and urns of baked clay, were found in the grounds of Killiney House, about the year 17S4; and ancient coins, ornaments, and military weapons have been frequently found here. Near Dorset Lodge is a pyramidical monument of granite, erected to mark the spot where the fourth duke of Dorset lost his life accidentally, while hunting, in 1315.

   KILLINEY, county Kerry. — See Killeiny.

   Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 39

7. Granite range from Wicklow terminates at Castledermot

   Castledermot · town · Kildare

   The great mountain range of granite that composes much of County Wicklow terminates in County Kildare at Castledermot. From there, clay-slate extends through Ballitore, Kilcullen, and south-east of Naas toward Rathcoole.

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   Tlie Geology of Kildare may next be noticed. The great mountain range of granite of which the county of Wicklow is nearly (omposed, terminates in this county at Castledcrmot. Thence by Ballitore, Kilcullen, and to the south-east of Naas, ahiiost as far as Rathcoole, is clay-slate ; the rest of the county belongs to the great field of floetz limestone which covers the larger part of the flat country of Ireland, and which is here interrupted only by the chain of central hills. The low group of hills west of Rathcoole, which includes windmill Hill, Athgoe, Lyons, and Rusty Hill, is composed of clay-slate, greywacke, greysvacke-slate, and granite. The greywacke consists of small, finely rounded, and angular grains of quartz, numerous minute scales of mica, small fragments of day-slate, and sometimes portions of felspar. The rock at Windmill Hill ranges 10° north of east and south of west, which is the general direction of these hills, exhibiting also at times an tmdulating curved slaty formation : the dip is towards the south-west, and generally at an angle of about 4.5°. The greywacke-slate of Windmill Hill is remarkable for containing subordinate beds of granite, the uppermost at the depth of four fathoms ; they are 50 or 60 yards apart, separated by the greywacke-slate, and all dip from 45° to 50° to the south-east. Some of these granite beds may be traced westward to the turnpikeroad opposite to Rusty Hill : they consist of a small and finely grained intermixture of yellowish and greyish white felspar, greyish vitreous transparent quartz, and flakes or scales of mica, white and silvery, with some scattered portions of schorl ; the grains are sometimes so minute that the stone appears almost compact. Occasionally also small particles and cubical chrystals of iron pyrites are disseminated through the rock, which, when decomposing, communicate an iron-shot spotted appearance to the stone. The red sandstone conglomerate occurs ill situ at the northern foot of the Hill of Ltjons, where it is exposed for about 10 fathoms in length, in strata four feet thick, ranging east and west, dipping 30° to the north, and resting on greywackeslate ; it re-appears in the central range. Red Hill,Dunmiirnj Hill, and the western foot of Grange Hill, consist of alternating beds of finely grained greywacke, greywackeslate, and day-slate, ranging 10° north of east and south of west, and dipping 60° towards the south-east, but in many places being nearly vertical. At the northern foot of Red Hill is a small patch of red sandstone conglomerate, which was quarried for millstones some 3'ears since : enough of the firm rock is visible to shew that the strata range east and west, and dip 17° west.

   Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 20

8. Grant of Kilculliheen Abbey to Waterford Corporation

   Kilculliheen · parish · Waterford · 1626

   The 1626 charter of Charles I granted the site and precincts of the abbey of Kilculliheen, along with its possessions and parsonages, to the Waterford corporation in fee-farm at an annual rent of £59. 1s. 8d.

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   disclaimer by the citizens in a Quo Warranto, restored by patent under the great seal of England, on the 26th of May, 16-26, in the "2nd year of the reign of Charles I. It was explained and amended by a supplementary one granted by the same monarch, in 1631, and was till 1840 the governing charter. It conferred upon the mayor and council the returns of assize, precepts, bills, and warrants, the summons and escheats of the exchequer, and the precepts of itinerant judges ; a grant of the city and various lands, with all other possessions of \Thich the corporation had formerly been seized, to be held for ever in free burgage at the usual rents ; and a grant of the site and precincts of the abbey of Kilculliheen, with all its possessions and numerous parsonages, to be held in fee-farm at the rent of £59. 1. 8. per annum. The same charter granted to the corporation, for ever, the harbour of Waterford, from the entrance between Rodybank and Rindoan to Carrigmagriffin, and as far as the sea ebbed and flowed, with all its waters, soil, and fisheries ; the office of admiralty, and an admiralty court, reserving to the Lord High Admiral of England and Ireland all pirates' goods and wrecks of the sea ; the power of taxing the inhabitants for all public charges and works ; of forming themselves into guilds and fraternities, similar to those of Bristol ; of taking murage custom, and of having a corporation of the staple, to be governed by a mayor of the staple and two constables ; of holding courts or councils, once every week, for the conduct and government of the orphan children left to their charge by deed or will ; of receiving the cocket customs and half the prisage of wine, together with all waifs, strays, felons' goods, and deodands ; and of having a gaol under the custody of the sheriffs ; with many other privileges.

   Under this charter the GOVERNMENT of the city was vested in a mayor, eighteen

   Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 385

9. Grant of village of Liffer to Sir Richard Hansard, 1611

   Lifford · townland · Donegal · 1611

   In 1611, on the settlement of Ulster, James I granted the village of Liffer with its fortress and about 500 acres to Sir Richard Hansard, with right to hold two fairs. The grant required him to assign land to sixty inhabitants for houses and gardens within five years and set aside land for a garrison of horse.

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   place, observing some disorder in the camp of Hugh, advised the English to attack it ; but after an obstinate battle, in which many were killed on both sides, the EngUsh retreated to their fortifications, and Hugh O'Donell soon after led his forces into Connaught to oppose the young Earl of Clanricarde. Under the protection of this English fortress the present town first arose, and in 1603 had attained such importance that a market was granted by James I. to Sir Henry Docwra, Knt., governor of Lough Foyle. In 1611, the "village of Liffer," with the fortress and about 500 acres of land adjoining, were, on the settlement of Ulster, given by James to Sir Richard Hansard, with right to hold two fairs in the town ; on condition that he should, within five years, assign convenient portions of land to sixty inhabitants for the erection of houses with gardens, and ■200 acres for a common ; and that he should also set apart 100 acres for the keep of 50 horses, should His Majesty think proper to place a garrison of horse in the town. The same monarch, in the 10th of his reign, granted to the inhabitants a charter of incorporation, under the designation of the " Warden, Free Burgesses, and Commonalty of the Borough of Lififer;" from which time its progress was gradual.

   Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 73

10. Gravel-hills (escars) near Daingean

    Daingean · town · Offaly

    A series of gravel-hills, or escars, forms a singular feature in the county, appearing on the borders of Westmeath and proceeding by Philipstown (Daingean) towards Roscrea. These escars are composed entirely of gravel and sand, exhibiting a bold and marked appearance.

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    while in others excellent flags are raised, from an inch to four or five inches thick, and seven and eight feet square. The sandstone of these mountains is commonly yellowish-white or grey, sometimes exhibiting small porous interstices filled with iron ochre. Croghan Hill is a protruding mass of basalt, supporting on its north-western and south-western sides the floetz limestone. The gravel-hills or escars form a very singular feature in this county. They appear in the borders of Westmeath, and proceed by Philipstown in a south-western direction to Roscrea ; they are entirely composed of gravel and sand, those in the northern part being of silicious formation, and in the southern argillaceous. In no other part of Ireland do escars present so great a variety of structure, or exhibit a more bold and marked appearance. Neither coal nor any other of the more valuable metallic ores has been found ; those discovered being manganese and iron in very small quantities, with some ochre and potters'-clay.

    The woollen manufacture is very limited : the women spin worsted, which they dispose of to the manufacturers. Friezes, stuffs, and serges are made in the county, but entirely for home consumption. The «linen manufacture was formerly carried on with much spirit in some parts, particularly in the baronies of Garrycastle and Kilcoursey. The women are peculiarly industrious ; they are all spinners, and their auxiliary exertions for the subsistence of the family are so proverbial, that it is common for an industrious young man to take a journey into this county in quest of a wife. There are extensive flour-mills, distilleries, and breweries at Parsonstown and in some other parts of the county, but the people are mostly engaged in agricultural pursuits.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 58

11. Grave of Father Florence M'Carthy and holy well

    Killanully · townland · Cork · 1814

    In the cemetery of the ruined church at Killanully lies the grave of Father Florence M'Carthy, who died about 1814 and whose grave is much visited by pilgrims. Near the churchyard is a holy well.

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    KILLANULLY, or Killingley, a parish, in the union of Cork, partly in the barony of Kerrycurrihy, county of Cork, and partly in the ancient county of the city of Cork, and province of Munster, 5 miles (S.) from Cork, on the road from Carrigaline to Ballyhassig; containing 577 inhabitants. This parish, which is entirely surrounded by Carrigaline, comprises '2056 statute acres : the soil is good and chiefly under tillage, and the system of agriculture is improving ; there is plenty of good limestone. Here are the Kilnaliow flour-mills. The living is a rectory in the diocese of Cork, forming the corps of the prebend of KillanuUy in Cork cathedral, and in the patronage of the Bishop ; the tithe rentcharge is £127. 10. The church is in ruins, but divine service is performed in a schoolroom licensed by the bishop. The glebe comprises 5 acres. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish forms part of the district of Ballygarvan. There is a parochial school for boys and giris, built by Lord Mount-Sandford and W. H.W. Newenham, Esq., and entirely supported by the latter ; about 50 children are educated in it, and there is also a Sunday school. In the cemetery of the church is the grave of Father Florence M''Carthy, who died about 1814 ; it is much visited by pilgrims : near the churchyard is a holy well.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 33

12. Great and Little Sugar-loaf, Bray Head formed of quartz-rock

    near Bray Head · promontory · Wicklow

    In the northern extremity of the county, quartz-rock forms the Great and Little Sugar-loaf, Bray Head, and a great part of the neighbouring hills. These are prominent landmarks of the Wicklow landscape.

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    extending down the Avonniore and Ovoca, and the varieties they display are very numerous. Tlio varieties of olay-slate, which are here all cjuartzose, abound in contemporaneous veins of pure quartz more or less metalliferous : the western extremity and the brow of Croghan Kinshela mountain consist of granite, with broad veins of quartz towards the east, succeeded by alternations of granite and clay-slate, terminating in interstratiBcations of clay-slate and greenstone, beyond which is found only the clay-slate, traversed by veins of quartz, sometimes metalliferous. Beds of granular felspar in the prevailing clay-slate arc worked for building on the right bank of the Avonmore, north-west of Ratlidrum. Bordering on the Derry or Aughrim river, and likewise near the Ovoca in its course from Newbridge, are numerous beds of greenstone. Arklow rocks, on the coast, south of the mouth of the Ovoca, present illdefined columns of greenstone, with four, five, or six sides : the northern part of the hill consists in general of greenstone ; on the north-western side is a variety of the character of basalt. Quartz-rock forms a prominent naked ridge on Coollattin hill, in Shillelagh ; and constitutes also a very extensive mountain range from the banks of the Avonmore above Rathdrum to those of the Vartrey, comprising the high naked ridge of Carrickmacreilly and the picturesque rock of Cronroe. In the northern extremity of the county it forms the Great and Little Sugar-loaf, Bray Head, and a great part of the neighbouring hills.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 405

13. Great and Little Sugar-loaf mountains at north end of Wicklow

    near Great Sugar Loaf · mountain or mountain range · Wicklow

    Two conical mountains called the Great and Little Sugar-loaf rise at the northern extremity of the county, east of the main mountain range. The Great Sugar-loaf reaches 1,651 feet and the Little Sugar-loaf 1,120 feet above sea level.

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    To the east of the mountain range, and at the northern extremity of the county, rise two conical mountains called the Great and Little Sugar-loaf, the former 1651, and the latter 1 120, feet above the sea; and Bray Head, a vast mass with a remarkable broken outline, 870 feet high, which projects into the sea to the south of the town of Bray. From the Little Sugar-loaf commences a mountain range of secondary elevation, cultivated in some parts to the very summit, and extending in a direction south by west to the rugged heights of Carrickmacreilly, near Glanealy : thence sweeping eastward, it joins the heights that, to the south of Wicklow, form the elevated promontory of Wicklow Head. Between this range and the more elevated mountain chain is a cheerless table-land, watered by the Vartrey river, and formerly entirely overspread with bogs and rocks, which yet occupy great portions of it, though cultivation has made considerable advances near the lines of road by which it is now intersected. The most conspicuous of the secondary range are the Downs mountain, Dunran, and the mountains above Glanealy. Encircled by these mountains from Bray Head to Wicklow Head, and extending to the coast between those promontories, lies a tract distinguished for its fertility and beauty, which justly entitle it to be called the garden of the county. At an elevation greatly below that of the sheltering range, it is diversified by extensive swells and fertile vales enriched in every direction with fine seats, neat villages, and thriving plantations. These open on the east to the sea, towards which the surface gradually declines, until it reaches a flat tract of boggy marsh, extending along the shore from Wicklow to near Greystones, and protected from the sea only by a broad bank of sand and gravel called the Murrough, presenting at the back a beautiful smooth sward. The streams of the plain or vale find their way through the bank to the sea at Wicklow and at a place called the Breaches, where the sea is making considerable encroachments. From this shore the view of the amphitheatre of mountains is extremely grand, particularly to those sailing along the coast through the channel betv^een the land and the range of dangerous banks running parallel with it at some miles' distance. The encircling range displays some of the most splendid of the picturesque scenes of the county, in the Glen of the Downs, Hermitage, Dunran, and the Devil's Glen ; and to the north, the celebrated valley of the Dargle intersects the elevated grounds between the Sugar-loaf mountain and the confines of Dublin county. The peaked cone of the Sugar-loaf appears prominent in every prospect on this side of the county, and commands views of great scope and grandeur, extending northwards to the mountains of Morne in the county of Down, and eastward to those of North W^ales.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 404

14. Great Clonard castle ruins and Cromwell encampment

    Clonard Great · townland · Wexford · 1649–1653

    In the demesne of Great Clonard in St. Peter's parish, Wexford, are the ruins of a castle or tower near which Cromwell is said to have had an encampment. Various coins of this period have been found on the spot.

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    PETER'S, ST., a parish, in the barony of Forth, union and county of Wexford, and province of I^einster ; immediately adjoining the town of We.xford, and containing 1C90 inhabitants, of whom 513 are within the town. The parish, which comprises 1405 statute acres, extends in a south-western direction from Wexford towards the mountain of Forth ; the soil is good, and the system of agriculture much improved. The principal seats are Great Clonard and Little Clonard, both embracing fine views of Wexford Harbour : Roseville and Newbay are also in the parish ; and that part of the town within its limits contains the Franciscan convent, nunnery, Roman Catholic chapel, Lancasterian school, fever hospital, and distillery, which are respectively noticed under the head of Wexford. The ecclesiastical parishes of Kerlogue and Maudlintown have for all civil purposes long since merged into St. Peter's. It is an impropriate curacy, in the diocese of Ferns, forming part of the union of Wexford ; the rectory is impropriate in the Earl of Portsmouth, and the tithe rent-charge is £68. 8., of which £7. 16. are payable to the impropriator and the remainder to the curate. There are no remains of the church. In the Roman Catholic divisions, also, the parish forms part of the union or district of Wexford. In the demesne of Great Clonard are the ruins of a castle or tower, near which Cromwell is said to have had an encampment : various coins of this period have been found on the spot.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 230

15. Great Connell Abbey ruins near Newbridge

    Great Connell · street · Kildare

    The ruins of Great Connell Abbey stand on the banks of the Liffey near Newbridge. It was among the notable monastic institutions of County Kildare.

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    There were many celebrated and richly endowed monastic institutions in the county. At Athy was one for Crouched friars and another for Dominicans. Castledermot possessed a priory for Regular Canons, a house of Crouched friars, and a Franciscan abbey, the ruins of which last still serve to attest its former magnificence. The ruins of another Franciscan abbey are to be seen at Clane, where was also a house for Regular Canons. At Graney are the ruins of an Augustinian nunnery ; and a gateway and some other remains of a monastic building, said to have belonged to the Knights Templars, are still shewn there. The ruins of Great Connell Abbey are on the banks of the Liffey, near Newbridge. In Kildare was a nunnery and abbey united, founded by St. Bridget, and of which the ruins are still pointed out ; also an abbey of Grey friars, situated south of the town, and a house of Carmelites or White friars. At Old Kilcullen is a monastery as old as the time of St. Patrick, which in 11 15 was elevated to the dignity of an episcopal see ; but it does not appear that it long retained that rank. Near the ruins of the old church are the remains of two crosses, one of which still retains some very curious specimens of ancient sculpture. Maynooth had a convent of Black nuns, and a college of priests founded by the Earl of Kildare ; the abbey of Killossy has been converted into the parish church, and is remarkable for the singularity of the architecture of its steeple tower ; the monastery of Kilrush was surrounded by a broad ditch faced with masonry ten feet high ; the abbey of Monastereven has been converted into the residence of the Moore family, the representative of which is the Marquess of Drogheda. At Moone was a Franciscan friary, the brotherhood of which retained possession of it subsequently to the Reformation : here is a fragment of a very old cross, one of the most curious in Ireland, covered with numerous grotesque figures. In Naas were three religious establishments ; namely, a convent of Augustiniaus, another of Dominicans, and one for friars Eremites of the order of St. Augustine. Some remains

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 20

16. Great Hill of Cloghan and its springs

    Cloghan · town · Offaly

    The great Hill of Cloghan is described as the most commanding eminence between the Brosna river and the Slieve-Bloom mountains. It abounds on all sides with numerous and never-failing springs.

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    The form of the county is very irregular ; and until lately it had three isolated portions, which, though considered to be parts of tapper Philipstown, were by situation wholly included within the barony of Ophaly, in the county of Kildare. Its surface is, for the most part, an uninterrupted flat, except where it rises at its south-western extremity into the Slieve- Bloom mountains, which range in a direction from north-east to south-west for twenty miles, forming the boundary between the King's and Queen's counties. Their highest point is called The Height of Ireland ; there is but one passage through them, called the Gap of Glandine, which is very difficult of approach, steep and craggy, and but five feet wide. The only other elevations which merit notice are, Crogan Hill, to the north of Philipstown, rising about five hundred feet above the surrounding country, and beautifully clothed with verdure to its summit ; and the great Hill of Cloghan, which is the most commanding eminence between the Brosna river and the Slieve-Bloom mountains, and abounds on all sides with numerous and never-failing springs. Lough Pallas, between Tullamore and Ballyboy, is the most remarkable lake in the county ; it is of inconsiderable extent, but has the finest tench in Ireland. Lough Annagh partly belongs to this county, as the divisional line between it and the Queen's county is drawn through its centre. It contains about 315 acres, and the greater part is from five to eight feet deep in summer ; its bottom is chiefly composed of bog, interspersed with roots of trees, with a bank of gravel and stones in the centre : several small streams flow into it, and its waters are discharged into the Silver river, which flows into the Brosna. Deroin Lough, in the barony of Eglish, comprises about 200 acres.

    KING

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 58

17. Great mineral vein crossing upper Glendalough

    Glendalough · electoral division · Wicklow

    A great mineral vein which had been worked crossed the upper part of Glendalough in County Wicklow. This was one of several productive lead-bearing veins found in the granite regions east of the county's great granitic mass.

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    In no part of the county have organic remains been found in its rocks. It is also remarkable that there is a total absence of metallic ores on the western side of the great granitic mass, while on the eastern they are found in abundance. A vein of lead has been worked and apparently exhausted in the granite brow of Carrigeenduff, on the banks of Lough Dan ; a second, called the Luganure vein, wholly in granite, intersects the mountain of Comaderry, and is now very productive. Another great vein which has been worked crosses the upper part of Glendalough ; and in the alternating beds of granite and mica-slate on the northern side of Glenmalur, is the vein on which are the lead-mines of Ballinafiuchogue, and which comprises, besides, galena, white-lead ore, blende, and copper-pyrites. The above minerals are found at all these places, in true veins ; but in the only other metalliferous tract, situated in the clay-slate district, they are found only in beds, in contemporaneous veins, or in alluvial deposits. This tract is about ten miles in length, from Croghan Kinshela, across the northern end of the vale of Ovoca, towards Rathdrum. Its most celebrated produce has been the alluvial gold, found in the gravelly deposits of the streams descending from the eastern side of Croghan Kinshela, and discovered in 1796 ; of this a further notice will be found under the head of Arklow. As no trace of auriferous veins could be found in the mountain by the most persevering efforts, the works necessarily ceased when the stream ore was exhausted. Trials were also made in Croghan Moira mountain, but without effect. Metallic substances, however, are diffused through the whole district in disseminated particles, in slight layers, in contemporaneous veins and strings, and in massy beds, which latter are principally composed of copper-pyrites and iron-pyrites. The rocks have been perforated in various directions by the works of the Associated Irish Vol. II.— 673

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 405

18. Great synod at Mellifont 1157 and Devorghal's gifts

    Mellifont · townland · Louth · 1157

    A great synod was held at Mellifont in 1157 for the consecration of the church, attended by the Archbishop of Armagh as apostolic legate and many princes and bishops. Devorghal, wife of Tiernan O'Rourk, presented 60 oz. of gold, a chalice for the high altar, and furniture for nine other altars, and afterwards died there in seclusion.

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    MELLIFONT, a parish, in the union of Droghed.4, partly in the barony of Upper Slane, county of Meath, and partly in that of Ferrard, county of LouTii, and province of Leinster, 4 miles (N.W.) from Drogheda, near the road to Ardee, by way of CoUon ; containing, with the parish of Tullyallen, about 3964 inhabitants. This place derived its chief celebrity from the foundation of a monastery in 1 142, by Donough M'Corvoill or Carrol, Prince of Uriel, for Cistercian monks sent over by St. Bernard from his abbey of Clairvaux, and of which Christian O'Conarchy, the first abbot, was in 1150 consecrated Bishop of Lismore. In 1157 a great synod, at which the Archbishop of Armagh, then apostolic legate, and many princes and bishops, were present, was held here for the consecration of the church ; on which occasion, among numerous munificent benefactors, Devorghal, wife of Tiernan O'Rourk, Prince of Breffny, who afterwards died here in seclusion, presented 60 oz. of gold, a chalice of the same metal for the high altar, and furniture for nine other altars in the church. The ample endowments of the abbey were confirmed by charter of Henry II., and by King John, who augmented its possessions ; and in 1347 and 1349, Edward III. greatly extended its possessions and privileges ; granting to the abbot the power of life and death within his territories, and the liberty of acquiring a burgage-holding in the town of Drogheda, for the residence of the abbots during the sittings of parliament and other great councils. In 1471 and 147-, parliament disannulled the grants, rent-charges, annuities, leases, and alienations, made by the late Abbot John. In 1540, Richard Conter, the last abbot, resigned the monastery into the king's hands, and received a pension of £40 per annum for life.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 150

19. Great turlough of Mantua, Roscommon

    Mantua · electoral division · Roscommon

    At Mantua in Shankill parish is a great turlough whose waters cover about 500 acres in winter, affording rich pasturage in summer. The water is supplied by a subterraneous channel from a source about half a mile distant.

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    SHANKILL, a parish, in the union of Boyle, barony and county of Roscommon, and province of CoNNAUGHT, 2 milcs (S. W.) from Elphin, and on the road from Boyle to Roscommon ; containing 2626 inhabitants. It comprises 66IO statute acres of land, in general good, and chiefly in pasture ; there is a large portion of bog, some of which has been reclaimed, and the remainder is easily reclaimable. Limestone-gravd exists in abundance, and within the limits of the parish are quarries of excellent limestone. At Mantua is the great turlough of that name, whose waters cover in winter an extent of about 500 acres, which in summer afford rich pasturage ; the water is supplied by a subterraneous channel, from a source about half a mile distant. The seats are, Mantua, surrounded by a wellplanted and highly improved demesne ; and Cherryfield. The parish is in the diocese of Elphin : the rectory was till lately united to those of Kilmacumsey, Kilcorkey, Kilcola, and Creeve, together ccmstituting the corps of the precentorship of Elphin, in the gift of the Bishop ; the vicarage forms part of the union of Ardclare. The tithe rent-charge, amounting to £69. 4. 8., is payable in equal portions to the rector and the vicar : the entire tithes of the late rectorial benefice amounted, under the Composition act, to £207. 15.; the precentors lands comprised 102^ statute acres, situated near the town of Elphin, and let on lease at £55. *• per annum. The church is in ruins. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish forms part of the district of Elphin, and has a chapel at Ballyrody.

    SHANLESS.— See Shenlish.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 276

20. Grecian-style monument to S. Cunningham at Tully

    Tully · townland · Antrim

    At Tully in the parish of Killead, Antrim, a very extensive burial-ground attached to a Presbyterian meeting-house contains a costly monument in the Grecian style commemorating S. Cunningham, Esq., of the island of St. Vincent's, a native of the parish.

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    phal arch, erected in 1832, at the expense of the parishioners, in honour of Captain Armstrong, to whose memory it bears a long inscription. The church is endowed with £100 per annum by Sir H. Pakenham, the patron, who has built a residence for the chaplain ; and serves as a chapel of ease to the parochial church. In the Roman Catholic divisions this parish forms part of the district of Glenavy ; the chapel, a small neat building, was erected in IS'^24. There are two places of worship for Presbyterians in connexion with the General Assembly : to one' of them, situated atTully, is attached a very extensive burial-ground, in which is a costly monument, in the Grecian style, to the memory of S. Cunningham, Esq., of the island of St. Vincent's, a native of this parish. Of the numerous public schools, one at Ballyhill was built in 1809, by Mr. Johnson, by whom it is partly supported ; one in the churchyard, built in 180'2, is supported by the vicar ; and one built by Sir H. Pakenham is supported by him and his lady, at whose expense, also, many of the children of both sexes are entirely clothed. Lady Massareene bequeathed £100, and Mr. Cunningham £"200, to purchase land and divide the rents among the poor ; a small farm in BallygennifF was accordingly purchased, and is let for £16 per annum. There are numerous mounds and forts, some defended by a single and others by a double fosse ; two of them have arched excavations. There are also several ruins of churches, and many relics of antiquity have been discovered in the neighbourhood. Clotworthy, Earl of Massareene, was interred in the parish church.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 38

21. Green Castle near Killowen built and destroyed

    near Killowen · population centre · Down · 1343–1653

    Green Castle near Killowen was built by Walter de Burgh, Earl of Ulster, destroyed by the Irish in 1343, rebuilt on a large scale, and later dismantled by order of Cromwell. Its ruins survive near Killowen.

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    woodland, about 5000 arable, and the remainder bog and mountain, the latter of which affords excellent pasture. Here are some large bleach-greens, and some lead-mines. The principal seats are the Lodge, Brandensburg, Carpenham. Green Park, Amos Vale, Ballyedmund, Old Hall, and Crayfield. The living is a vicarage, in the diocese of Dromore, and in the gift of the Bishop, to whom the rectory is appropriate : the tithe rent-charge is £116. 10., one-third payable to the vicar, and twothirds to the bishop. The church, which is in Rosstrevor, is a handsome cruciform edifice, with a lofty tower and pinnacles : it was built in 1819, at an expense of £'2000, of which the Board of First Fruits gave £^00 and lent £1100. The Board also granted £450 as a gift, and £120 as a loan, for the erection of the glebehouse, in 18-21 : the glebe comprises 7f acres. The Roman Catholic parish is co-e.\tensive with that of the Established Church, and contains two chapels, one in Rosstrevor, the other at Killowen. There are several national and other schools. On the acclivity of a mountain is a very large stone, called Cloughmerne, which was formerly part of a cromlech ; and near Killowen are the ruins of Greeu Castle : this fortress was built by Walter de Burgh, Earl of Ulster, destroyed by the Irish in 1343, rebuilt soon after on a large scale, and dismantled by order of Cromwell. In the parish are also the remains of Castle Roe, or Rosstrevor Castle. On the Hillstown road are the ruins of Kilbroney church, in which a clogh-han, or "white bell," was some years since discovered ; also an ancient stone cross and a holy well. In 1834 a spacious cave was discovered, containing broken urns filled with calcined human bones and ashes. A chalybeate spring was formerly much resorted to, but is now almost neglected. — See Rosstrevor.

    KILBRYAN.— See Kilbrine.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 16

22. Greencastle ruins on Lough Foyle

    Greencastle · town · Donegal · 1400–1499

    Greencastle was built by Sir Caber O'Dogherty in the 15th century on a boldly prominent rock near the entrance to Lough Foyle. Despite being almost impregnable, it was the first castle abandoned by O'Dogherty and seized by the English, later granted to Sir Arthur Chichester.

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    Close on the shore of Lough Foyle, and nearly adjoining the church, are the magnificent ruins of Greencastle, built by Sir Caber O'Dogherty in the 15th century. It stands on a boldly prominent rock near the entrance of the lough, and, from the great strength and extent of the building, which covers the whole surface of the rock (iOO yards long and 56 broad), flanked by octagonal and square towers, inaccessible from the sea, and strongly fortified towards the land, was almost impregnable ; it was, notwithstanding, the first castle abandoned by O'Dogherty and seized upon by the English, and was afterwards granted to Sir Arthur Chichester. The walls are in some places twelve feet thick, and several of them are still in a good state of preservation ; the eastern portion of one of the towers has fallen, and lies in an unbroken mass on the ground. The eligibility of this situation in commanding the entrance to Lough Foyle induced the government, on the apprehension of an invasion, to erect a fortress nearly adjoining the castle, consisting of a tower, battery, and magazine, with accommodation for 4 officers and -il men, and, together with another battery on the opposite side of the harbour, mounting 26 guns : the establishment now consists only of a master gunner and five artillerymen.

    A court for the manor of Greencastle is held monthly, for the recovery of debts under 40s. late currency. In the parish are .stations of the constabulary and revenue police, and of the tide-waiters and pilots of the port of Londonderry ; at Greencastle and Portkennigo are stations of the coast-guard, included in the district of Carn. The LIVING is a rectory, in the diocese of Derry, and in the patronage of the Bishop : the tithe rent-charge is £415. 8. per annum ; there is neither glebe nor glebehouse. The church is a small but neat edifice, built in Vol. II.— 561

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 176

23. Greenhills and Busherstown at Moneygall

    Moneygall · town · Offaly

    Adjoining Moneygall village is Greenhills, a modern and elegant mansion in a highly ornamented demesne, residence of the proprietor. Busherstown, originally called Bouchardstown, is also a handsome residence in the area.

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    MONEYGALL, a village or post-town, in the parish of CuLLENWAYNE, barony of Clonlisk, King's county, and province of Leinster, 6f miles (S. W.) from Roscrea, and 65f (S. W. byS.) from Dublin, on the coachroad to Limerick ; containing 764 inhabitants. It consists of 137 houses, and is situated near the confines of the county of Tipperary ; it has a patent for three fairs during the year, and is a constabulary police station. Adjoining is Greenhills, the residence of the proprietor, a modern and elegant mansion in a highly ornamented demesne : Busherstown, originally called Bouchardstown, is also a handsome residence. The church service is performed twice every Sunday in the school-house, there being no church in the parish ; there are a Roman Catholic chapel, and a dispensary estabhshed in 18'26.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 168

24. Greenhills rath and fort against Wicklow septs

    Greenhills · townland · Dublin

    At the Greenhills were a rath and a fort, apparently erected at an early period to curb the predatory incursions of the Wicklow septs. On the grounds of Fortville Lodge was a Danish rath surrounded with a fosse.

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    In the garden of Tallaght House are the remains of the original castle, consisting of a large square tower with a lofty gateway. On a rising ground that commands a pass in the road leading from Crumlin and Drymnagh Castle to Fir House is the castle of Timon, or Timothan, which anciently was the chief place in the lordship or manor of Tymothan, granted by King John to Henry de Loundres, Archbishop of Dublin, in recompense for his losses in repairing the castle of Dublin and for other public services : in 1247 the manor was erected into a prebend in St. Patrick's cathedral, which still exists, but without any endowment. The building, which was in a ruinous condition in the reign of Henry VIII., now consists of a square tower or keep with a few small windows in a very dilapidated state. At Aughfarrell are the remains of an old castle, and at Templeogue and beyond Friarstown are ruins of churches; near the latter of which is a well, dedicated to St. Anne. At the Greenhills are a rath and a fort, apparently erected at an early period to curb the predatory incursions of the Wicklow septs : on the grounds of Fortville Lodge is a Danish rath, surrounded with a fosse.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 309

25. Grenan Castle ruins near Thomastown

    Grenan · townland · Kilkenny

    The remains of Grenan Castle stand in the vicinity of Thomastown. The passage also notes the nearby ruins of Dysart Castle on the river below the town.

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    The parish comprises 2042 statute acres ; the land is of good quality, and in a state of profitable cultivation. Limestone abounds, and there is an extensive quarry near the town : in the lower part of the sandstone-hills is found a kind of stone inclining to jasper ; and not far from the town is a quarry of light-coloured compact silicious schistus, which is raised in large flags for building. The principal seats are, Danj:an Lodge, a handsome modern house situated in tastefully disposed grounds ; Coolmore ; and Flood Hall, the residence of the Flood family. The living is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of Ossory, united by act of council in 1803 to the rectories and vicarages of Colunibkill and Famagh-Church, and in the patronage of the Bishop; the tithe rent-charge of the parish is £1S6. The glebe-house, towards the erection of which the late Board of First Fruits contributed £100 and a loan of £650, in 1806, is a neat building about a quarter of a mile from the church; the glebe comprises 1*^ acres, and the gross value of the whole benefice, before the passing of the Rent-charge act, was £526 per annum. The church is a neat structure ; the late Board granted a loan of £1266 for its erection in 1817, and the Ecclesiastical Commissioners recently granted £129 for its repair. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish is the head of a district, comprising also the parishes of Church-Jerpoint, West-Jerpoint, Columbkill, Kilfane, TuUowherin, and Killarney, in which union are four chapels ; the chapel in the town is a handsome edifice with a spire, and contains the great marble altar removed from the ruins of Jerpoint Abbey. In the vicinity of the town are the remains of Grenan Castle ; and on the river a little below the town, are those of Dysett Castle, said to have been the birth-place of Berkeley, the learned bishop of Clogher, who was born in 16h4. Lagan Castle, near the town, was the residence of the last abbot of Jerpoint. "There are some remains of the Dominican abbey of Thomastown, the foundation of which and its subsequent history are not recorded ; they consist chiefly of the wall of one of the aisles, in which are five pointed arches and some windows of elegant design : there are numerous sepulchral monuments among these ruins, but the most ancient are greatly mutilated, and no inscriptions are legible ; the most remarkable has a recumbent figure of a man of gigantic stature.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 331

26. Gresham's Terrace and Victoria Square, Kingstown

    near Dún Laoghaire · town · Dublin

    Gresham's Terrace, consisting of nine elegant houses with a spacious hotel, was erected by Mr. Gresham at an expense of £35,000, forming one side of Victoria Square. The square was named at the request of the Queen, then Princess Victoria.

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    The TOWN consists principally of one spacious street, about half a mile in length, and of several smaller streets and avenues branching from it in various directions ; there are also several squares and ranges of handsome buildings, inhabited chiefly by the opulent citizens of Dublin. Gresham's Terrace, consisting of nine elegant houses, with a spacious hotel, was erected by Mr. Gresham, at an expense of £35,000, together forming one side of V'ictoria-square, so named at the request of the Queen, then Princess Victoria ; the ground in front of the terrace is tastefully laid out, and from the flat roofs of the houses, which arc secured from the risk of accidents by iron railings, is a fine view of the bay, the Hill of Howth, the Killiney hills, and the Dublin and Wicklow mountains. Haddington Terrace, consisting of twelve houses in the Elizabethan style, was built in 1835; and there are many detached residences. The town, towards the improvement of which Mr. Gresham has contributed greatly at his own expense, is partly paved, and lighted with gas by the Dublin Gas Company. From the purity of the air, the beauty of its situation, and convenience for sea-bathing, the place has become a favourite summer residence, and is much resorted to by visiters, for whose accommodation, besides the Gresham hotel, there is the Anglesey Arms on the quay ; also se\eral private lodging-houses on the western side of the harbour. The Railway Company have erected some spacious baths, and there are others on the eastern side of the harbour, all embracing extensive views of the sea. Races were held annually, but have been discontinued for some years ; regattas annually take place in the harbour. The Royal Yacht Club includes some thousands of members. In the neighbourhood are numerous handsome scats, most of them commanding fine views of the bay of Dublin, and of the richly diversified scenery on its shores. The vicinity is remarkable for its quarries of granite, from which was raised the principal material for the bridge over the Menai straits, and for the harbours of Howth and Kingstown.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 58

27. Grey friars abbey on Church Island, Lough Sheelin

    near Church Island · townland · Meath

    An abbey of Grey friars stood on the Holy or Church island in Lough Sheelin. Like all the monastic houses listed in the county, it had long since fallen into ruins.

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    session of the late Duke of Sussex. Bracelets or collars, being solid rings of pure gold of very ancient and rude workmanship, were found near Trimleston Castle, in 1S33 ; the largest weighed 12 ounces avoirdupois. The ruins of abbeys, priories, convents, and other monastic edifices, are numerous through every part of the county ; and still more numerous are the names of others now only discoverable by some local name, or traceable in historic records. The ruins of the old monastery of Duleek, said to be the first monastic edifice built of stone and mortar in Ireland, presents some curious and extraordinary traces of rude architecture. At Bective are extensive and picturesque ruins of the wealthy abbey of that name : at Clonard were an abbey of Canons Regular, a convent, and also a cathedral, but nothing now remains except the font of the last ; at Colpe, Newtown, Slane, and Trim, were also abbeys of Canons Regular, all now in ruins. At Killeen and Kilmainham- Wood were commandcries of Knights Hospitallers ; at Ratoath and Skreen, priories of the Augustinian eremites ; at Eirk, near Slane, a hermitage ; at Trim, a priory of Crutched friars ; and on the Holy or Church island, in Lough Sheelin, an abbey of Grey friars : Kilmainham-beg and Teltown belonged to the Dominicans. The whole have long since fallen into ruins. The monasteries of which no ruins remain are, those of Ardbraccan, Ardceath, Ardmulchan, Ardsallagh, Athboy, Ballybogan, Beaumore near Colpe, Beaubeg, Calliagh, Cloonmanan, Disert-tola, Donaghmore, Donaghcarney near Colpe, and Donoughpatrick ; a priory of the Virgin Mary, and the Magdalen Hospital, at Duleek ; abbeys at Dunshaughlin, and Indenen near Slane ; a house of Regular Canons, an hospital of St. John the Baptist, and a chantry, all at Kells ; a house of Regular Canons and a nunnery at Killeen ; an abbey at Navan, on the site of which the cavalry barrack is now built ; priories at Odder and Rosse, south of Taragh ; an abbey of Regular Canons and a chantry at Skreen ; a monastery of Grey Friars, on the site of which the sessions-house at Trim stands ; a nunnery, a Greek church, and a chantry, at Trim ; and Dominican friaries at Kilberry, Lismullen, and Dunshaughlin ; besides several others. Columbkill's house, a stone-roofed cell, said to be one of the oldest stone-built houses in Ireland, is still traceable at Kells ; in which town are also several stone crosses, one in particular of beautiful workmanship. In the cemetery at Castlekicran, in which are the ruins of a small church, is another very fine stone cross richly sculptured.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 149

28. Grey Friars and Carmelite foundations at Kildare

    Kildare · town · Kildare · 1260–1294

    In 1260 William de Vescy founded a monastery for Grey friars at Kildare, completed by Gerald Fitzmaurice, Lord Offaly. The same William also founded a convent for Carmelite friars in 1290. In 1294 Calbhach O'Connor of Offaly took the town and castle by force and destroyed all the Earl of Kildare's rolls.

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    From this period till the commencement of the 11th century, the annals of Kildare present only a continued series of Danish rapine and massacre ; and scarcely had the ravages of these invaders ceased, when the town was plundered by the people of Hyfaolan. It was either wholly or in part destroyed by fire in 1038, 1040, 10*1, 1088, and 1089; and, in 1135, the abbess of the monastery was forcibly taken from her cloister by Dermod Mac Murrough, King of Leinster, who compelled her to marry one of his followers ; on which occasion not less than 170 inhabitants of the town and inmates of the abbey were slaughtered. Till the time of the English invasion, the town and monastery were continually exposed to depredation by fire and sword ; but shortly after that event, one of the English adventurers who had obtained possession of this territory erected a castle for its defence. In 1'220, the sacred fire, which had been maintained here from the time of St. Bridget, was extinguished by Henry de Londres, archbishop of Dublin ; it was, however, soon afterwards rekindled, and continued to burn till the Reformation. In 1260, a monastery was founded by William de Vescy, for Grey friars, which was completed by Gerald Fitzmaurice. Lord Offaly ; the same William also founded a convent for Carmelite friars in 1'290; and in 1294, Calbhach O'Connor of Offaly took the town and castle by force, and destroyed all the rolls of the Earl of Kildare. A parliament was held here in 1309, or the beginning of the following year; and in 1316, the castle and town were granted to John Fitzgerald, who was at that time created Earl of Kildare ; but in the wars during the reign of Elizabeth, the town was reduced to a state of entire ruin and depopulation. In 1641, the castle was garrisoned by the Earl of Castlehaven, but in 164"

    K I L— D A

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 20

29. Grey marble in the barony of Murrisk

    near Murrisk · townland · Mayo

    Grey marble, beautifully marked and susceptible of a fine polish, is plentiful in the barony of Murrisk. This is noted alongside other mineral resources of County Mayo.

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    been discovered, there i.s rea-son to think that tho»c series belong to that formation. The existence of this mineral is also shown by a variety of indications, in the mountains of Derinkce, near Westport. The ironore, the sandstone, the ochre (which is found in abundance and of good quality), and the ferruginous scum on the lakes and rivers, all seem to point out the existence of coal : in Slicve Carne, in Clanmorris barony, are also many indications of it. The character of the Limestone which alternates with the clay-slate, along the northeastern coast, from Balderric to Ballyshannon, is very peculiar : the beds rarely exceed two feet in thickness ; some are of a dull-black colour, and contain no marine remains ; others are almost wholly composed of muscle shells. Iron-ore is found in abundance on the lands of Cross in Erris, and at Tallagha in the same barony ; it is also met with in abundance in the bed of Clonoure river, and in the Deel river, where it is found in small lumps of a beautiful red colour. Iron-works erected by Sir George Shaen near the Mullet, and more lately on the Deel by Mr. Rutledge, were discontinued from the want of fuel. Manganese is abundant in several parts, but the richest deposits are in the neighbourhood of Westport, and in the vale of the Owenmore ; Clay fit for porcelain and every other description of earthenware is found in inexhaustible beds, and cargoes of the finer sorts are shipped for England. Fullers-earth and pipe-clay are also abundant, and very good ; clay for bricks abounds in every barony. Slate-quarries on an extensive scale have been worked near Westport : freestone of a good colour, very compact and easily wrought, is abundant in several places ; and grey marble, beautifully marked, and susceptible of a fine polish, is plentiful in thobarony of Murrisk. Excellent hones are procured in the WW of Bocca.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 147

30. Grottos on the rock of Corron, County Sligo

    Corran · barony · Sligo

    A number of grottos were hollowed out of the west side of the hill or rock of Corron, accessible only by a steep and difficult entrance. Their origin or use remained unsatisfactorily ascertained at the time of writing.

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    to a number of grottos hollowed out of the west side of the hill or rock of Corron, and to which access is obtained only by a steep and very difficult entrance : their origin or use has not been satisfactorily ascertained. About a mile from Castleconnor several vaulted square rooms have been discovered, built of large stones, and communicating with each other by an exterior circular passage ; in the centre is a cavity unconnected with any of the other chambers : the place is conjectured to have been either a granary or a cemetery of the Ostmen. On Innismurray Island are some small chapels of great antiquity, in one of which is a rudely sculptured statue of wood, said to represent St. Molasse, the patron ; these relics are more particularly described in the account of the island, which see. A circular stone fort, called Knockaraoyle Skreen, stands on the summit of a high hill near Skreen church. Many cairns, and remains of what seem to have been places of defence, are visible on Knocknaree mountain. The vestiges of monastic institutions are very numerous : the ruins of those of Ballysadere, Ballindown, Ballinley, Ballymote, Bennada, Clonymeaghan, Court, Innismore, Innismurray, and Sligo, are still remaining, and some of them are large and very handsome ; those of Bile, Drumcliffe, DrumcoUum, Drumratt, Killaraght, Kilmacoen, Kilnemanagh, and Skreen, have been converted into parish churches. Those of Achonry, Agharois, Akeras, Ardnary, Ardseinlis, Athmoy, Caille, Caillevinde, Cashel, Craobhgrellain, Druimederdalogh, Druimlias, Druimna, Echenach or Enaceich, Emlyfadd, Enachaird, Gleandallain, Kilchairpre, Killuathren, Kilrasse, Knockmore, Snamluther, and Templehouse, are known only by name. In the yard which surrounds the church of Kilmaeteige, near Bennada, are the ruins of an ancient building, said to have been a college ; but no particulars of its history are known. The principal castles, all more or less in ruins, are those of Ardnaglass, Bahy, Ballyhara, Ballymote, Ballynafad, Castleconnor, Enniscrone, Lackan, Memleck, Newtown, O'Gara, Rallee, Roselee, Sligo, and Tanrago. The modern residences of the gentry, which are numerous and in many instances highly ornamental, are more particularly noticed in their respective parishes.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 291

31. Gunpowder explosion in Derry cathedral

    near Derry · city · Derry · 1566

    The English converted the cathedral of Derry into an arsenal, but on the 24th of April, 1566, the gunpowder accidentally blew up. The damage was so extensive that it rendered the place untenable, causing the foot soldiers to embark for Dublin.

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    Edward II. granted the town to Richard de Burgo, Earl of Ulster, in 1311 ; but from this period till the reign of Elizabeth, prior to which the English exercised no settled dominion in Derry, no event of importance connected with the place is recorded. In 1565 Edward Randolph arrived in the Foyle with seven companies of foot and one troop of horse, to repress Shane O'Nial, Earl of Tyrone, who had renounced his allegiance to the English crown ; and a sanguinary engagement taking place on the plains of Muff, the Irish chieftain was signally defeated. An encampment was then formed by the English near the city ; but in a sally against some of O'Nial's forces, who had ostentatiously paraded before it, the English general was slain by a party who had concealed themselves in an adjoining wood, and the command of the garrison was given to Colonel St. Lo. The English converted the cathedral into an arsenal, and on the 24th of April, 1566, the gunpowder blew up by accident, with so much damage as to render the place untenable ; the foot embarked for Dublin, to which city also the horse returned, passing through Tyrconnell and Connaught to avoid O'Nial. In 1599 it was again determined to fortify Derry, a measure long deemed essential in order to divide and check the power of O'Nial and O'Donell, the accomplishment of which object was favoured by its situation and the friendship of O'Dogherty of Ennishowen. With that view Sir Henry Docwra, in 1600, entered the Foyle with a British force of 4000 foot and 200 horse, and landed at Culmore, at the mouth of the river, where he erected a fort. He soon obtained possession of the city, and constructed fortifications and other works for its defence ; pulling down the abbey, cathedral, and other ecclesiastical buildings, for the sake of the materials. On the termination of the war at the commencement of 1603, the garrison was reduced to 1 00 horse and 1 50 foot under the governor, and 200 foot under Captain Hansard ; while at Culmore were left 20 men. Sir Henry now directed his attention to the improvement of the place, and with so much zeal as to entitle him to be regarded as the founder of the modern city. A number of English colonists settled here on his invitation ; he obtained grants of markets and fairs, and, in 1604, a charter of incorporation with ample privileges. But in 1608, after the flight and forfeiture of O'Nial and O'Donell, the growing prosperity of the new city was checked by the insurrection of Sir Cahir O'Dogherty, the young chief of Ennishowen, who took both Culmore Fort and Derry, at the latter of which Sir George Paulet (to whom Sir Henry Docwra had alienated all his interests) and his men were slain ; as many of the inhabitants as could escape fled, and the town was plundered and burned.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 99

32. Gunpowder tower explosion on Limerick quay

    Limerick · city · Limerick · 1691–1695

    After the siege, as inhabitants were rebuilding the city and soldiers restoring fortifications, a tower on the quay suddenly fell, and 140 barrels of gunpowder it contained blew up. 240 persons were crushed to death or maimed, some struck dead by stones that fell a mile from the town.

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    effects destroyed, and the entire city a scene of desolation and misery. While all classes were engaged in repairing their losses, the poorer by erecting small liutn under the walls, the richer by re-edifying their houses, and the soldiers by restoring and enlarging the fortifications, a new and unthought of casualty nearly involved the whole in a second destruction : one of the towers on the quay suddenly fell, and I'Ai barrels of gunpowder which it contained blew up with a tremendous explosion, by which '240 persons were crushed to death or dreadfully maimed, some being struck dead by stones that fell a mile from the town. For more than 60 years after the siege, the fortifications were kept in complete repair, a garrison and several companies of city militia maintained, and every precaution of an important military station observed. In I698, the Marquess of Winchester and the Earl of Galway, lords justices, on a tour of inspection, visited the city ; which in the same year suffered most severely by a storm and high tide. In 1703 an act was passed providing that no Roman Catholic strangers should reside in the city or suburbs, and that the existing inhabitants of that persuasion should be expelled, unless they gave sufficient securities for their allegiance; but in 17'24 these restrictions were removed. During the Scottish rebellion in 174.5, similar precautions were used, but no symptom of disaffection was discovered. In 17'>1, a storm, accompanied with high tides, overflowed a part of the place, and did great damage. In I76O, Limeri<k was declared to be no longer a fortress ; and the dismantling of its walls and other defences was immediately commenced, and completed by slow degrees, as the extension of the various improvements rendered it necessary. On the breaking out of the American war, three volunteer corps were formed under the names of the Limerick Union, the Loyal Limerick Volunteers, and the Limerick Volunteers.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 77

33. Guyn's Charitable Institution for poor boys

    near Derry · city · Derry · 1829–1833

    Guyn's Charitable Institution was founded by merchant John Gwyn, who died in 1829 leaving a bequest of £41,757 for boarding, clothing, and educating poor boys. The school opened in 1833 in a former City hotel and later moved to purpose-built premises on ten acres behind the infirmary.

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    In connexion with the Presbyterian meeting-house is a school established in 1820, in lieu of a blue-coat school which had existed upwards of a century ; there are at present about 100 boys and 96 girls, who pay one penny each weekly. The boys' school is further supported by a subscription of £10 per annum from the congregation, and an annual grant of £20 by the Irish Society ; and the girls' school by subscriptions among the ladies, aided by £10 per annum late currency from the Irish Society. The schoolrooms were built and enlarged by subscription at an expense of £450. St. Columh's School, founded in 1813 under the auspices of the Roman Catholic bishop and clergy, but for some time suspended from a difference which arose between the prelate and one of his curates, was finally established in 1825 : the building, including the erection of a lofty inclosure, cost nearly £1000. It is in connexion with the National Board of Education, who grant £30 per annum for its support, which is further aided by £10 per annum from the Irish Society, and an annual collection in the Roman Catholic chapel amounting to £30; 143 boys and 166 girls are instructed. The London Ladies' Society School, in Fountain-street, was established in 1822 ; attached to it is a small library for the use of the poor. Guyn's Charitable Institution was founded by IMr. John Gwyn, a merchant of the city, who died in 1829; and was endowed by him with a bequest of £41,757, producing at present £1882 per annum, for boarding, clothing, and educating as many poor boys as the funds may admit of. This excellent school, which is under the management of 21 trustees, was opened on the 1st of April, 1833, in a hired house formerly the City hotel : the trustees subsequently purchased 10 statute acres of ground at the rear of the infirmary, where they have erected handsome premises capable of accommodating 200 pupils, at an estimated expense of £6000. There are at present nearly 100 boys in the school. A Sunday- School Union was formed in 1832, by which the hberties have been divided into six districts, each under the superintendence of one or two members ; the number of schools in the parish at present in connexion with the union is 16, attended by 162 teachers, and the number of pupils on the books is 1726.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 105

34. Haddington Terrace built 1835 in Kingstown

    near Dún Laoghaire · town · Dublin · 1835

    Haddington Terrace, consisting of twelve houses in the Elizabethan style, was built in Kingstown in 1835. It was among the many handsome residential developments in the town frequented by opulent citizens of Dublin.

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    The TOWN consists principally of one spacious street, about half a mile in length, and of several smaller streets and avenues branching from it in various directions ; there are also several squares and ranges of handsome buildings, inhabited chiefly by the opulent citizens of Dublin. Gresham's Terrace, consisting of nine elegant houses, with a spacious hotel, was erected by Mr. Gresham, at an expense of £35,000, together forming one side of V'ictoria-square, so named at the request of the Queen, then Princess Victoria ; the ground in front of the terrace is tastefully laid out, and from the flat roofs of the houses, which arc secured from the risk of accidents by iron railings, is a fine view of the bay, the Hill of Howth, the Killiney hills, and the Dublin and Wicklow mountains. Haddington Terrace, consisting of twelve houses in the Elizabethan style, was built in 1835; and there are many detached residences. The town, towards the improvement of which Mr. Gresham has contributed greatly at his own expense, is partly paved, and lighted with gas by the Dublin Gas Company. From the purity of the air, the beauty of its situation, and convenience for sea-bathing, the place has become a favourite summer residence, and is much resorted to by visiters, for whose accommodation, besides the Gresham hotel, there is the Anglesey Arms on the quay ; also se\eral private lodging-houses on the western side of the harbour. The Railway Company have erected some spacious baths, and there are others on the eastern side of the harbour, all embracing extensive views of the sea. Races were held annually, but have been discontinued for some years ; regattas annually take place in the harbour. The Royal Yacht Club includes some thousands of members. In the neighbourhood are numerous handsome scats, most of them commanding fine views of the bay of Dublin, and of the richly diversified scenery on its shores. The vicinity is remarkable for its quarries of granite, from which was raised the principal material for the bridge over the Menai straits, and for the harbours of Howth and Kingstown.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 58

35. Hag's Head promontory at Kilmacrehy

    near Hag's Head · promontory · Clare

    Hag's Head is a lofty basaltic promontory forming part of Kilmacrehy parish on the north side of Liscanor Bay, County Clare. From this headland the cliffs gradually ascend to Moher, where they reach their greatest elevation at Stokeen, 587 feet above sea level.

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    KILMACREHY, a parish, in the union of Ennisty- MON, barony of Corcomroe, county of Clare, and province of Munster, 4 miles (W.) from Ennistymon, and on the north side of Liscanor bay on the western coast ; containing 4*264 inhabitants. The parish comprises 7403 statute acres. Within its limits is the headland called Hag's Head, a lofty basaltic promontory situated in lat. 5'2° 16' 40", and Ion. 9° 2.5' 20" : from this point the cliffs gradually ascend to Moher, where they attain their greatest elevation ; that called Stokeen is 587 feet above the level of the sea. The waves break with tremendous force against the rocks ; part of the Spanish Armada was, in 1588, wrecked on the shore. On the most elevated point of these stupendous cliffs, an ornamental building in the castellated style has been erected by Cornelius O'Brien, Esq., for the accommodation of visiters to this bold and iron-bound coast, from which is obtained a magnificent view embracing nearly the whole line of coast from Loop Head to the northern extremity of the bay of Galway, together with the Arran Isles and a vast expanse of the Atlantic Ocean. Puffins are taken here by persons who are suspended over the lofty precipices in the cavities of which these birds deposit their young. A considerable portion of the parish consists of mountain pasture : the arable land is gene- 131

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 43

36. Hamilton family church ruins near Walworth Castle

    Ballykelly · townland · Derry · 1629

    Adjoining Walworth Castle are the remains of a church built by the Hamilton family in 1629. This structure represents the early plantation-era ecclesiastical architecture of the Ballykelly area.

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    forms part of the district of Ncwtown-Limavady : the chapel is situated at Oghill, near Ballykelly ; in which latter place is a large meeting-house for Presbyterians in connexion with the General Assembly, i)uilt by the Fishmongers' Company in 18'i7, iu the Grecian style. At Largy and Myroe are also meeting-houses of Presbyterians in connexion with the General Assembly. Handsome male and female schools, with residences for the teachers, have been erected by the company, and are conducted under its patronage on the most improved system ; the parochial male and female schools, at Tamlaght, were built by the rector in 1832, and are supported by him ; two others in the parish were built and are supported by the Fishmongers' company ; one at Glasvey, is in connexion with the London Hibernian Society; and there are schools elsewhere, and a large dispensary at Ballykelly. The remains of Walworth Castle, erected by the Fishmongers' Company in I6l9, shew it to have been a large and spacious edifice, defended by a bawn and flankers, three of which are still in a tolerable state of preservation. Closely adjoining are the remains of a church, built by the Hamilton family in 16'29. The ruins of the old parish church, which was destroyed in the war of 1641, occupy the site of the abbey. There are numerous raths, of which that called Daisy Hill, in Roe Park, and another near it, called Rough Fort, are the most remarkable.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 314

37. Handsome seats along Tarbert bay and river

    Tarbert · town · Kerry

    The shores of Tarbert bay and river are prettily wooded and embellished with several handsome seats commanding fine views of the Shannon and the opposite coast of Clare. Principal seats include Tarbert House, Ahanna, Leslie Lodge, Shannon Lawn, Clare View, Ballydonohue, Pyrmount, Sallow Glen, and Carrunakilly.

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    In the town is a station of the constabulary police, and petty-sessions for the district are held on alternate Tuesdays : a small but neat and substantial bridewell, consisting of six cells, two day-rooms, and two yards, was erected in 1831. The parochial church, a modern edifice, is situated about a quarter of a mile east of the town. The Roman Catholic chapel is a handsome cruciform structure, erected at an expense of il^OO : there is also a meeting-house for Wesleyan Methodists. Near the town is a school on Erasmus Smith's foundation ; a national school has been established near the chapel ; and a school is held in the meeting-house. There is a dispensary for the poor. The shores of the bay and river are prettily wooded, and, both above and below the town, are embellished with several handsome seats, most of which command fine views of the Shannon and of the opposite coast of the county of Clare. Of these the principal are, Tarbert House, Ahanna, Leslie Lodge, Shannon Lawn, Clare View, Ballydonohue, Pyrmount, Sallow Glen, and Carrunakilly. In a field near the town is a chalybeate spa, not used for medicinal purposes.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 317

38. Healing lake in Kiltubrid parish

    Kiltubbrid · townland · Leitrim

    One of several lakes in the parish of Kiltubrid is much resorted to because of a belief that its water will cure erysipelas. This reflects a local healing tradition tied to a specific body of water.

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    coal ; and large and deep beds of pipe-clay and yellow ochre are found in the channcl.s of several of the mountain streams, particularly about Aughacashel, intermingled with flinty gravel or silicious sand. Near the top of the mountain at Aughacashel is a large mass of heavy, smooth, pea-green viscous earth, intcrmi.xed with sparkling yellow sand ; there is likewise a great quantity about two miles north-westward. Freestone is abundant ; and here are some sulphureous springs. Remains of disused furnaces are visible near the mountain, and under its brow is a deep cavity, in which the waters disappear, emerging about a mile to the west of its base. The parish contains several lakes ; one is much resorted to from a belief that the water will cure the erysipelas. The principal seats are Loughscur, Annadale, Driney, Laheen, and Aughacashel, near which last coal is partially worked by the peasantry.

    The living is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of Ardagh, and in the patronage of the Bishop : the tithe rent-charge is f 1S6. The glebe-house was erected by aid of a gift of £2,50, and a loan of £530, from the late Board of First Fruits, in 1825 : the glebe comprises 470 acres, about one-fourth of which is unprofitable land. The church is a plain building, erected by aid of a gift of £440 from the same Board in 1788, and recently repaired by a grant of £16S from the Ecclesiastical Commissioners. The Roman Catholic parish is coextensive with that of the Established Church, and is sometimes called Cashcarrigan ; there is a chapel on the townland of Rosgarbon. On an island in Lough Scur are the remains of Castle John, which was built by John Reynolds in the reign of Elizabeth, and frequently attacked by the O'Rourkes ; on another island are the ruins of a square fortress which was used for a prison by the Reynolds family. In Loughscur demesne is a cromlech called by the peasantry Lcaba Dcannud i Grnine, or " Darby and Graine's Bed or Altar. " There are some remains of an old church, with a burial-ground attached.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 57

39. Hearts of Oak insurgents attack Gilford Castle, 1772

    near Gilford · village · Down · 1772

    In 1772 a band of insurgent peasantry called 'Hearts of Oak' attacked Gilford Castle, seat of Sir R. Johnstone, Bart. The family and friends defended the place gallantly and repulsed the assailants, but the Rev. Samuel Morell, Presbyterian minister of the parish, was killed during the engagement.

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    TULLYLISII, a parish, in the union of Lurgan, barony of Lower Iveagh, county of Down, and province of Ulster; containing, with the post-town of Gilford (which is separately described), 12,660 inhabitants. The parish formerly was the property of the powerful family of Maginnis, lords of Iveagh ; it was forfeited in consequence of the part taken by the head of the family in 1641. At the commencement of the war which broke out in that year, a body of Protestant women sent by Sir Phelim O'Nial from Armagh to Claneboy, were forced to cross Lough Kernan, in this parish, during a severe frost ; and the ice giving way when they were in the middle of it, the whole party perished. In 1685 the townland of Moyallen was granted to a colony of the Society of Friends in England, whose descendants still maintain the settlement and have contributed greatly to the prosperity of the surrounding district. In 17*2, a band of the insurgent peasantry, who styled themselves " Hearts of Oak," attacked Gilford Castle, the seat of Sir R. Johnstone, Bart., who with his family and friends defended the place so gallantly as to repulse the assailants ; but the Rev. Samuel Morel], Presbyterian minister of the parish, who had joined in the defence, was killed during the engagement.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 359

40. Heathen temple remains at Lackenduff

    Lackenduff · townland · Cork

    In the lands of Lackenduff are the remains of an extensive heathen temple. Two large stones remain standing near each other, and in an adjoining field is another still larger stone.

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    plain edifice, at Darrery. The ruins of the old church form a conspicuous and interesting object on a hill. In the lands of Lackenduff are the remains of an extensive heathen temple ; two large stones remain standing near each other, and in an adjoining field is another still larger.

    TEMPLEORAN, or Foran, a parish, in the union of MuLLiNGAR, barouv of MoYGoisH, county of West- MEATH, and province of Leinster, 5 miles (N. W.) from MuUingar, on the road to Ballinacargy, and on Lough Iron, which bounds the parish on the north ; containing 1395 inhabitants. This parish, which is intersected by the Royal Canal, comprises 5189 statute acres of land, principally under grass ; there is a small quantity of bog. Sonna has been for upwards of six centuries the seat of the Tuite family ; the house is a light and elegant building, in a well-planted demesne, situated on the bank of a picturesque lake. The parish is a rectory, in the diocese of Meath, impropriate in the family of Piers, and forms part of the union and perpetual cure of Leney : the tithe rent-charge is £102. 17-, wholly payable to the impropriator. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish is the head of a district, called Sonna, comprising this parish and that of Kilbixy, in each of which is a chapel i that of Tcmpleoran is at Sonna. The ruins of the church are on the lands of Templeoran, and in their vicinity are several raths.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 325

41. Henry II granted Birr district to de Worcester and Fitzwalter

    Birr or Parsonstown · town · Offaly

    Soon after the English invasion, Henry II granted the district of Birr to Philip de Worcester and Theobald Fitzwalter, subsequently selling it to De Braosa and others. It was later transferred to Hugh de Hose or Hussey, remaining in that family until the time of James I.

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    Soon after the English invasion, Henry II. granted this district to Philip de Worcester and Theobald Fitzwalter, subsequently to which he sold it to De Braosa and others : it was afterwards transferred to Hugh de Hose or Hussey, in which family it continued till the time of James I. In 1533, Gerald, Earl of Kildare, then lorddeputy, laid siege to the castle, in support of Ferganainim O'Carrol, his son-in-law ; but soon raised the siege, in consequence of a wound received from one of the garrison. Lord Grey, when lord-deputy, took the castle in 1537; and one of the charges against him, which led to his execution, was, that he had sanctioned the outrages committed by Fcrganainim O'Carrol. This chieftain eventually surrendered his territory to Edward VI., who restored it to him with the addition of the dignity of Baron of Ely during life. In the proceedings under the commission for the plantation of Ely O'Carrol, in

    PARS

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 228

42. Henry II granted Kingdom of Limerick to Fitz-Herebert then de Braosa

    Limerick · city · Limerick · 1171–1199

    Henry II granted the Kingdom of Limerick to Herbert Fitz-Herebert, who resigned his claim; it was then bestowed on Philip de Braosa and renewed by Richard I, except the city and cantred of the Ostmen which were given to William de Burgo.

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    Heniiy II. granted this kingdom to Herebcrt Fitz- Herebert ; who having soon after resigned his claim, it was bestowed upon Philip de Braosa, and the grant was renewed to him by Richard I., with the exception of the city and the cantred of the (3stmen, which were committed to the custody of William de Burgo, who established a settlement there that defied all subsequent attacks of the natives. Braosa's grants having been forfeited, various Anglo-Norman settlements were made in the county (which was one of the twelve formed by King John in I'ilO) under Theobald Fitzwalter, ancestor of the Butler family ; Hamo de Valois ; William Fitz-Aldelm ; and Thomas, son of Maurice Fitzgerald. With these, the O'Briens of Thomond had part possession ; Donogh O'Brien, lord of Thomond, having been enfeoffed of the extensive lands of Carrigoginniol by King John. The Irish of Thomond often proved themselves formidable enemies of the English settlers. In 1367, they took prisoner, at Manister-Nenagh, the Lord- Justice Gerald Fitzgerald and many persons of distinction ; and at the time of the war between the houses of York and Lancaster, the county was entirely overrun by them. During the rebellion of the Earl of Desmond in the reign of Elizabeth, that nobleman possessed the towns of Kilmallock, Askeaton, Rathkeale, and Newcastle, then the four chief places in the county ; and the confiscation of his estates after his death caused the transfer of a considerable portion of its fertile lands to new proprietors. It suffered a similar fate in the wars of 1641 and 168S, each of which considerably increased the number of English settlers.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 73

43. Henry II grants Malahide to Richard Talbot

    Malahide · town · Dublin · 1174

    In 1174, Henry II granted the manor and castle of Malahide to Richard Talbot, ancestor of the earls of Shrewsbury and lords of Malahide, who had accompanied the monarch into Ireland.

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    MALAHIDE, a maritime post-town and a parish, in the union of Balrothery, barony of Coolock, county of Dublin, and province of Leinster, 2^ miles (E.) from Swords, and ~ miles (N.) from Dublin Castle ; containing 1339 inhabitants, of whom 664 are in the town. The manor and castle were granted in 1174, by Henry IL, to Richard Talbot, the common ancestor of the earls of Shrewsbury and lords of Malahide, who accompanied that monarch into Ireland ; and have continued in the possession of his descendants from that period to the present day, through an uninterrupted succession of male heirs. This grant was confirmed to him by John, afterwards King of England, who also conferred on hira various privileges and the advowson of the church of " MuUahide Beg," which he immediately assigned to the monks of St. Mary's Abbey, Dublin. Iu 137 '2, Thomas Talbot was summoned to parliament by the title of Lord Talbot. In 1375, the harbour of the place appears to have been of such importance that the exportation of unlicensed corn, and the departure of any of the retinue of William de Windsor, chief governor, from this port, were prohibited under severe penalties. Edward IV., in 1475, granted to the family a confirmation of the lordship, with courts leet and baron ; and appointed the lord of Malahide high admiral of the seas, with full power to hold a court of admiralty, and to determine all pleas arising either on the high seas or elsewhere within the limits of the lordship. Sir Richard Edgecombe, who was sent by Henry VII. into Ireland to administer the oath of allegiance to the nobility and chieftains after the suppression of Lambert Simnels attempt to gain the crown, landed from England at this port, in 14SS, and was entertained at the castle, and afterwards conducted by the Bishop of Meath to Dublin. In 1570, Malahide is enumerated by Hollinshed among the principal post-towns of Ireland. In the parliamentary war the castle was besieged and taken by Cromwell, who resided here for some time, during which he passed sentence of outlawry upon Thomas, Lord Talbot, and gave the castle and the manor to Miles Corbet, who retained possession of them for seven years, till, on the Restoration, the Talbot family regained their estates.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 133

44. Henry II grants Waterford lands to Robert le Poer

    Waterford · city · Waterford · 1177

    In 1177, Henry II granted custody of the country lying between Waterford and the river of Lismore (the Blackwater) to Robert le Poer, his marshal. This comprised the greater part of the present county of Waterford.

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    The power of the Anglo-Norman invaders was too great to be long effectually resisted. In U73, Raymond le Gros, with a select party, overran the country of Decies, which he every where depopulated and ravaged ; and, after a conflict with the Danes of Cork, returned in triumph to Waterford. Henry II., in 1177, granted in custody to Robert le Poer, his marshal, the country lying between AVaterford and the river of Lismore (the Blackwater), comprising the greater part of the present county, the rest of which was included in the grant of the " kingdom " of Cork to Mile de Cogan and his companions. Henceforward the Poers maintained a great superiority in this territory, and often waged sanguinary hostilities on their own part with the men of Waterford. It appears from a charter of King John to the citizens of Waterford, in 1'206, that the territory of W^aterford had been then erected into a county, the justices of assize and other officers of which were inhibited from exercising any authority within the city : this controverts the generally received opinion that the first shires in Ireland were erected by King John, in 1^210. The same king granted the custody of this county and that of Desmond to Thomas Fitz-Anthony, together with all the royal demesnes in the same, at the annual rent of '250 marks. Edward I. confirmed it to his son John, for .500 marks per annum ; but this act having been performed during the king's minority, the lands were subsequently recovered by the crown, by a decree against Thomas Fitz-Maurice, cousin and heir of John : Edward, however, in 1'29-, granted them to Thomas Fitz-Anthony, another branch of the Geraldines. In 1300, a party of natives made an incursion into Waterford, but were repulsed with much slaughter by the O'Feolains. In 1444, James, Earl of Desmond, procured a patent for the government of this and other counties of Munster ; but three years afterwards, John Talbot, Earl of Shrewsbury, then lord-lieutenant of Ireland, obtained a grant from the king of the city and county of Waterford, and the dignity and title of earl of Waterford, together with the castles, honour, lands, and barony of Dungarvan, with jera regalia, wreck, &c., from Youghal to Waterford ; because the country was waste, in so far as, in lieu of producing any profit to the crown, it was a cause of great loss. This patent was made by virtue of a privy seal, and by authority of parliament. By the act of the '2Sth of Henry VIII., however, vesting in the crown the possessions of all absentees from Ireland, the whole of the above lands, rights, and titles were resumed by the crown ; and the only portion restored to the family of Talbot was the title, which was re-granted to Francis Talbot in 1661 by Charles II. 629

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 373

45. Henry III grants Roscommon to Richard de Burgo

    Roscommon · town · Roscommon · 1216–1307

    Roscommon was included in Henry III's grant of Connaught to Richard de Burgo or Bourke, with the exception of five cantreds reserved to the crown adjacent to the castle of Athlone. Edward I later granted waste lands in the region of Roscommon to Thomas de Clare and Geoffry de Conobyll.

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    Roscommon was included in the grant of Connaught made by Henry III. to Richard de Burgo or Bourke, with the e.xception of five cantreds reserved to the crown adjacent to the castle of Athlone ; Edward I., in the 13th year of his reign, granted to Thomas de Clare and Geoffry de Conobyll " the king's waste lands in Connaught, in the region of Roscoman. " That the de Burgos held possessions here, also appears from Richard de Burgo assembling his forces at Roscommon, to oppose Edward Bruce; he was joined by Felim O'Conor, and the united forces took their route by Athlone. The latter chieftain, however, subsequently taking part with Bruce, encountered the Anglo-Normans at Athenry, on which occasion the power of the O'Conor sept received an irrecoverable shock. The possessions of the de Burgos became vested in the English crown, through the marriage of the daughter and heir of William, the last earl of Ulster of this name, with the Duke of Clarence ; but the native septs appear to have resumed almost entire possession of Roscommon until the reign of Elizabeth. The O'Conors of Roscommon were divided into the families of O Conor Ruadh or Roe, "the Red," and O'Conor Dhunne or Don, "the dark or brown," from two rival chieftains thus distinguished by the colour of their hair, who were generally at war with one another ; the chief seat of one was Ballynafad Castle, and of the other that of Ballintobber. In 156.5, Connaught was subdivided according to its present arrangement by Sir Henry Sidney, lord-deputy, when the country acquired its existing limits. The country of the Mac Dermots was named the barony of Boyle : that of O'Conor Don formed the barony of Ballintobber ; that of O'Conor Roe, the barony of Roscommon ; and that of the O'Kellys, the barony of Athlone and the half barony of Moycarnon. The principal castles were, those of Athlone, Roscommon, and St. John (the last in ruins), all belonging to the Queen ; and that of Ballintobber, belonging to O'Conor Don.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 258

46. Henry II lands at Waterford harbour

    Waterford · city · Waterford · 1172

    In October 1172, Henry II arrived in Waterford harbour with a fleet of 240 vessels carrying 400-500 knights and 4000 soldiers. He landed on the festival of St. Luke to take possession of the kingdom, received Strongbow's formal surrender of Waterford, and accepted the submission of the people of Wexford and Dermot M'Carthy, King of Cork.

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    On his return from the conquest of that city, with the lordship of which he was invested, Strongbow received a summons from Henry II., at that time in Normandy, to attend him. Leaving his forces quartered in Dublin and Waterford, he obeyed the summons ; and offering to deliver up to the king these cities and other principal towns, on condition of having the remainder of his acquisitions confirmed to him and to his heirs, the king agreed to his proposals, and immediately prepared to follow him to Ireland. Henry's fleet, consisting of 240 vessels having on board from 400 to 500 knights and 4000 soldiers, arrived in Waterford harbour in October, 1172 ; and on the festival of St. Luke, the king landed to take possession of the kingdom as its rightful sovereign, by virtue of Pope Adrian's bull, and was joyfully received by the English, and by the Irish nobility who were in alliance with them. Strongbow immediately made a formal surrender to the king of the city of Waterford, and did homage to him for the principality of Leinster; Henry also received here the submission of the people of Wexford, and of Dermot M'^Carthy, King of Cork. He afterwards proceeded to Lismore, Cashel, Dublin, and other places ; and on his return to England, aware of its great importance as one of the principal maritime towns, he left the city of Waterford in the custody of Humphrey de Bohun, Robert Fitz- Bernard, and Hugh de Gundeville, with a train of twenty knights. A new garrison was soon after placed in the city, which at the same time was greatly enlarged, and surrounded with new walls ; the old fortifications were repaired, and strengthened with towers and gates, and the inhabitants were made freemen by royal charter. Strongbow, being subsequently invested with the sole government of Ireland, removed Robert Fitz-Bernard and his garrison to Normandy ; and agreeably to the king's instructions, took upon himself the government of this city, as well as that of Dublin.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 377

47. Henry II receives allegiance at Lismore

    Lismore · town · Waterford · 1171–1172

    After landing at Waterford, Henry II marched to Lismore where the chiefs of Munster, with archbishops, bishops, and abbots of Ireland, swore allegiance and granted him a charter confirming the kingdom of Ireland. The king also chose a site and ordered the erection of a fortress.

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    Henry II., after landing at Waterford, marched to this place, where he was met by the chiefs of Munster, who, with the archbishops, bishops, and abbots of Ireland, swore allegiance to him, and gave him a charter confirming the kingdom of Ireland to him and his heirs for ever. While here, the king chose a site, and gave the necessary orders for the erection of a fortress for its defence. In 1173, Raymond Le Gros, with the English army, marched to Lismore with the plunder he had taken in Ophaly ; and, after ravaging the city and neighbourhood, proceeded on his route to Dungarvan. A castle was erected here, in 1185, by John, Earl of Morton, and Lord of Ireland. Four years afterwards it was taken by the Irish, who put Robert de Barry, the commander, and the whole of the garrison, to the sword ; it was, however, soon rebuilt by the king, and for many ages continued to be the residence of the bishops of the see, till Miler Magrath, Archbishop of Cashel and Bishop of Lismore, in 1518 granted the manor and other lands to Sir Walter Raleigh, from whom, with the rest of his possessions, they were purchased by Sir Richard Boyle, afterwards created Earl of Cork. The castle was greatly strengthened and improved by the earl, who built three other forts in the neighbourhood, one of which was at the Park, one at Ballygarran, and the third at Ballyinn ; he also obtained a charter of incorporation for the town, and the grant of a market and fairs.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 85

48. Henry McLeary of Waringstown, diaper-weaving innovator

    near Waringstown · village · Down

    Henry McLeary, a native of Waringstown, greatly improved machinery for diaper-weaving and invented a slay to expedite the process, receiving a £100 premium from the Linen Board.

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    The town was made the site of the parish church of Donaghcloney by an act of parliament in 1681 ; and divine service has been celebrated since that period in the church in this town, which had been previously built by Mr. Waring at his own expense for the use of his family and tenantry. It is a large and handsome edifice in the Elizabethan style, to which a tower and spire were added in 1/48 : the interior is very elegantly fitted up, and is remarkable for its roof of carved oak, resting on 18 carved corbels of the same material ; the pulpit, communion-table, railings, and pews are all of oak. In 1832 the church, being found too small for the congregation, was enlarged by the addition of a northern transept, which is finished in its roof and all other parts to correspond with the original building ; and at the same time, the pulpit and communion-table were richly ornamented with carvings and pierced work of wreaths, festoons, and other similar embellishments, executed by the hand of the Rev. Holt Waring, proprietor of the estate, and by him presented to the parish. The bell of the old church of Donaghcloney, after having lain for nearly a century in the river Lagan, was raised, and hung in the tower of Waringstown church : engraved on it in rude characters is the inscription, " I belong to Donaghcloney." Waringstown House, the mansion of the proprietor, is in the immediate vicinity of the town, surrounded by a demesne richly planted with ancient and flourishing forest-trees ; the pleasuregrounds, gardens, and shrubberies are extensive, and kept in the best order. The residence named Demesne is also near the town. The district is very fertile, and in a high state of cultivation, with numerous houses of the gentry and wealthy manufacturers interspersed. Henry M<^Lcary, who greatly improved the machinery for diaper-weaving, and invented a slay for expediting the process,' for which he received a premium of £100 from the Linen Board, was a native of this place.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 372

49. Henry VIII gifts sword and cap of liberty to Waterford

    Waterford · city · Waterford · 1536

    In 1536, Henry VIII wrote to the mayor and citizens of Waterford via William Wyse, conferring a gilt sword and a cap of liberty to be borne before the mayor. These items were still carefully preserved at the time of writing.

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    In 1536, Henry VIII. wrote to the mayor and citizens by William Wyse, a gentleman of the city in high favour at court ; and conferred on them a gilt sword and a cap of liberty to be borne before the mayor, which are still carefully preserved. In 1547, Sir Edward Bellingham, who had been sent over by the Lord Protector and Privy Council of England, landed here with an army of 600 horse and 400 foot ; and in 1549 the Lord-Deputy Sidney, who had encamped at Clonmel, and was apprehensive of being attacked by the insurgent chiefs, sent to the mayor for a few soldiers for three days ; but the citizens, pleading their privilege, refused him any assistance. In 1588, Duncannon (on Waterford harbour) was fortified, in consequence of an invasion of the Spaniards, who committed great depredations in the counties of Waterford and Wexford. In April, 1600, the Lord-Deputy came to Waterford, where he received the submission of some of the Fitzgeralds of Decies and the Powers. On the accession of James L, great disaffection prevailed in the city ; and dangerous tumults arose at his proclamation. In consequence of these and of similar demonstrations of hostility, the Lord-Deputy Mountjoy made a progress into Munster, and, arriving at Grace-Dieu, within the liberties of the

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 380

50. Hermitage and leper hospital ruins near Ballincurra

    Ballincurra · townland · Limerick

    Near the eastern boundary of the parish of Mungret, opposite Ballincurra, stand the ruins of a hermitage that was subsequently converted into a hospital for lepers.

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    The LIVING is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of Limerick : the rectory forms part of the union of St. Mary and corps of the deanery of Limerick ; the vicarage is in the patronage of the Dean. The tithe rent-charge is £543. 15., .of which two-thirds are payable to the dean and the remainder to the vicar. The glebe-house, belonging to the vicarage, was built in 1S3I, by a gift of £350 and a loan of £450 from the Board of First Fruits ; the glebe comprises 7^ acres, besides which are '2^ acres belonging to the deanery. The church, a small but handsome cruciform edifice in the later English style, with an octagonal tower crowned with battlements and crocketed pinnacles, was b\iilt in 18'24, and the Board of First Fruits contributed £900 towards its erection. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish is the head of a district, called sometimes Loughmore, and comprising also the parishes of Crecora and Knocknegaul, and part of the parish of Kilpeacon ; the chapel, situated at Loughmore, is a small thatched building. The REMAINS of the ancient monastery include the walls of the church, divided into three unequal portions communicating with each other by low arches : the eastern gable of the choir has a narrow pointed -window ; the nave, which is large, is lighted by windows of similar character, and at the north-east angle of the western portion is a slender, square, embattled tower. To the east of this are the ruins of another church ; and, about 300 yards distant from it, the remains of a tower and gateway. About 150 yards north of the church is a massive well-built edifice, about 50 feet in length and 30 broad, with lofty walls and pointed gables, lighted by one narrow circular-headed window at the east end, and entered by a square-headed doorway on the west. There are also extensive foundations of buildings in the adjoining fields, at a considerable depth beneath the surface, occasionally discovered by the plough. About half a mile to the north of the parish church is Temple-Mungrett, around which are traces of ancient buildings, formerly the hospital of the Knights Templars, and afterwards the mansion-house of the prior of Mungrett. Near the eastern boundary of the parish, opposite to Ballincurra, are the ruins of a hermitage, subsequently an hospital for lepers.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 191

51. Hermitage, seat of Lord Massy

    Hermitage · townland · Limerick

    Hermitage, the seat of Lord Massy, is listed among the seats in the neighbourhood of Limerick most worthy of notice.

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    is deficient in wood. Of the four principal approaches, that from Clare, by Wellesley-bridge, is the best ; the others are, for the moet part, through lines of inferior houses, crooked and deficient in cleanliness. In the vicinity of the city are several good houses and neat villas, but they are by no means so numerous as its wealth would lead strangers to expect, as the rich merchants chiefly reside in the New Town. Among the seats in the neighbourhood, those most worthy of notice are. Mount Shannon, that of the Earl of Clare, one of the finest mansions in the south of Ireland ; Hermitage, of Lord Massy ; Clarina Park, of Lord Clarina ; and Doonass, on the opposite side of the Shannon, of Sir Hugh Dillon Massy, Bart. : in the city are the mansions of the Earl of Limerick and of the bishop.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 77

52. Hibernian woollen mills established at Kilmainham

    Kilmainham · townland · Dublin · 1812–1837

    The Hibernian mills were established in 1812 by Messrs. Willans for the manufacture of fine woollen cloths. The greatly extended establishment employed nearly 500 persons, for whom the proprietors erected dwellings and an Independent place of worship.

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    The VILLAGE is connected with the metropolis on the eastern side by a range of buildings along the great western road, and is situated in a small valley watered by a stream which, a little below it, falls into the Liffey. The Hibernian mills were established in 1812 by Messrs. Willans, for the manufacture of the finest woollen cloths, which trade they have successfully pursued ; and having greatly extended their establishment, it now affords employment to nearly 500 persons, for whom the proprietors have erected suitable dwellings, and also a place of worship of the Independent denomination. The election of members for the county takes place here ; and by an act of council issued on the 10th of Jan., 1837, under the act of the 6th and 7th of 'William IV., for extending the jurisdiction and regulating the proceedings of the civil-bill court in Ireland, four general sessions of the peace are held annually at Kilmainham, for one of the two districts into which the county has been divided. This district consists of the baronies of Castleknock and Coolock, except the parts of the parishes of Swords, Killossory, and Malahide which are in Coolock barony ; also of the part of Finglas parish, in the barony of Nethercross ; and the baronies of Newcastle, Uppercross, and Rathdown : for the particulars of the other district, see Swords. The jurisdiction of the manor court, which is also held here, on alternate Mondays, embraces the whole of the barony of Newcastle : debts can be recovered in it to any amount, but the seneschal never takes cognizance of any above £10. The court-house, of recent erection, is a spacious and handsome building ; and adjoining it is the county gaol, a well-arranged edifice inclosed by a lofty wall : the main building consists of two quadrangles, containing apartments for the keeper, 69 sleepingcells, eight small day-rooms, nine yards, two large hospital rooms, a chapel, and ten rooms for debtors ; and in one of the yards is a tread-mill. Convicts from the north of Ireland are lodged in this prison previously to transportation. Adjoining the Royal Hospital is an extensive cemetery, anciently the burial-place of the

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 43

53. High Park mansion burnt by insurgents 1798

    Kiltegan · townland · Wicklow · 1798

    High Park in the parish of Kiltegan, County Wicklow, was the residence of the Westby family. The original mansion was burnt by insurgents in 1798; the demesne comprised about 400 statute acres with fine old timber.

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    KILTEGAN, a parish, in the union of Baltinglass, partly in the barony of Rathvilly, county of Carlow, and partly in the barony of South Ballinacor, but chiefly in that of Upper Talbotstown, county of WiCKLOw, and province of Leinster, 3 miles (W. N. W.) from Hacketstown, on the road to Baltinglass ; containing 3969 inhabitants. This parish comprises 15,950|- statute acres, mostly under an improving system of agriculture ; there is a large tract of bog and mountain land. Limestone-gravel is burnt for manure, and granite is abundant. High Park is the residence of the Westby family ; the original mansion was burnt by the insurgents in 1798 ; the demesne, which comprises about 400 statute acres, contains some very fine old timber. Hume Wood, another seat, stands in a demesne of 289 acres. The village contains 36 houses ; has a receiving-house for letters in connexion with Baltinglass ; and is a station of the constabulary police. A patent exists for eight fairs in the year, but none are held.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 57

54. High rath near Brackenstown House

    Brackenstown · townland · Dublin

    Near Brackenstown House stands a high rath commanding a fine view of the surrounding district. Near Seafield is an old burial-ground called Ballymadrouch.

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    The principal relics of antiquity still in existence are the ancient round tower and the archbishop's palace : the latter was a fortified structure in the centre of a court surrounded by embattled walls flanked with towers ; these walls compose the whole of the existing remains, the inclosed area having been converted into a garden. The only evidence of the former existence of a nunnery founded here at an unknown period, is the record of a pension granted by parliament, in 1474, to the prioress and her successors. To the south of the town, near the sea-shore, are the ruins of Seatown Castle, once a chief scat of the Russell family : about a mile from the town, in the same direction, is Drynam, built by the Russells in 16'Z7. Lissenhall, an ancient seat in the vicinity of Swords, belonged to the de Lacey family in the reign of Edward 1. ; Sir Wm. Fitzwilliam resided in it for some time, when he was lord deputy of Ireland. Near Brackenstown House is a high rath, which commauds a fine view of all the surrounding district : near Seafield is an old burial-ground, called Ballymadrouch.

    SYDDAN, a parish, in the union of Ardee, barony of Lower Slane, county of Me.\th, and province of Leinster, 4 miles (S. E.) from Nobber, and on the coach-road from Dublin to Londonderry ; containing 1357 inhabitants. This parish formed part of the possessions of the abbey of St. Thomas, Dublin ; the tithes and advowson were granted in the '2nd of Elizabeth to Thomas Manners. It comprises 5l63f statute acres, nearly equally divided between pasture and tillage ; the soil is of good quality, and agriculture improving; some of the pasture land is particularly fine. liime and marl, found in the low grounds at a small depth beneath the surface, form the chief manure ; there is no bog. Coarse 541

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 307

55. Hill Castle near Tagoat

    near Tagoat · population centre · Wexford

    Hill Castle stands in the immediate vicinity of the village of Tagoat, near the junction of several roads leading to Wexford. Tagoat also contains the chief Roman Catholic chapel of a district comprising several parishes.

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    TAGOAT, a village, in the parish of Rosslabe, barony of Forth, county of Wexford, and province of Leinster, 1^ niile (N.) from Broadway ; the population is returned with the parish. It is situated at the southern extremity of the parish, and at the junction o» several roads, the principal of which is that leading to the town of Wexford, 7^ miles distant. Tagoat is a station of the constabulary police ; and contains the chief Roman Catholic chapel of the district, which comprises the parishes of Rosslare, Kilrane, Kilscoran, St. Helen (or Killilane), St. Michael, and Ballybrenuan. A very large and handsome chapel has been lately built, close to the former one. Within a quarter of a mile of the village is the church of the union of Tacumshane. also called the union of Kilscoran from the church being situated in the latter parish. Adjoining the chapel are schools for children of both sexes, under the superintendence of the parish priest ; and near the village is a neat school, erected and supported by the rector. In the immediate vicinity is Hill Castle.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 309

56. Hill of Tara earthworks, palaces gone without trace

    Tara · parish · Meath

    At Tara, celebrated in bardic poetry and annals, considerable remains of circular earthworks still existed, but of the palaces and places of scientific study said to have been situated there, no traces remained.

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    The county also retains many remains of its military structures, of which the most celebrated in the records of remote antiquity is Taragh, already noticed. Whatever may have been its ancient splendour, as set forth in the poetry of the native bards and in the chronicles of annalists, little now is discoverable corresponding with their highly wrought descriptions. Considerable remains of circular earthworks still exist ; but of the palaces, and places of scientific study, said to have been situated here, there are no traces. The oldest fortress upon record erected after the arrival of the English was that of A'e//s, built by De Lacy, but of which there are now no vestiges : the same nobleman built the castles of Clonard, Killeen, and Delvin ; and the erection of Trim Castle is attributable by some to him, though it is more generally thought to have been

    MEAT

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 149

57. Hills of Rathconrath and Skeagh formerly oak-wooded

    Rathconrath · townland · Westmeath

    The parish contains two hills, Rathconrath and Skeagh, and the small lake of Loghan. Formerly the hills were densely wooded with oak.

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    navigation by the Royal Canal, which passes near the northern and eastern boundaries of the parish. A patent exists for four fairs, which are not held. At Meares Court and Ballinacarra are corn-mills. On the road to Ballymore are two remarkable rocks, called the Cat and the Mouse ; and close to them is a spring, called the Swallow, the waters of which immediately commence a subterraneous course of one mile. In the parish are the two hills of Rathconrath and Skeagh, and the small lake of Loghan : formerly the hills were densely wooded with oak. In the village is a constabulary police station. On the l)anks of a fine sheet of water stands Mount D'Alton, once the residence of the ancient family of D'Alton, who were lords of Rathconrath and are counts of the Holy Roman Empire : the house was built in 1784 by Count Richard D'Alton, a distinguished oflicer in the Austrian service. At the rear is a pyramidal monument, thirty feet high, erected by this personage and his brother. General James D'Alton, in honour of the Empress Maria Theresa, the Emperor Joseph II., and King George HI. : on three sides it is adorned with their profiles in white marble, and on the fourth with the arms of the family and a suitable inscription. The other seats are Meares Court, Glencarry, Rathcasiin, Irishtown, and Oldtown.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 246

58. Hindisart Castle, stronghold of Sir Owen O'Sullivan

    Bantry · town · Cork · 1649–1653

    On the river Auvane near its influx into the bay are the ruined gables of the castle of Hindisart, the stronghold of Sir Owen O'Sullivan. It was taken by Ireton in the parliamentary war and by his orders demolished.

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    is remaining, and is used by the Roman Catholics as a burial-place. Within the demesne of Xewtou-n, about half a mile to the north- west of Bantry, are the remains of a fortification raised by Ireton during the parliamentary war : it consists of a quadrilateral area, and was defended by angular bastions and surrounded by a fosse, but the walls and towers have long been demolished, and the cannon was at the same time thrown into a very deep well ; the moat still remains entire. Not far from this spot is the beautiful cascade of Donnemark ; and at another place, called Neu-town, to the south of Bantry, is a very antique stone pillar in a burial-ground, with some rude sculpture of men in armour, and other curious devices. Danish forts are numerously scattered over the parish ; and, in 1834, more than 3000 silver coins, chiefly pence, groats, and half-groats, of the reigns of the earlier Edwards and Henrys, and of Alexander, King of Scotland, were found. At Carriganass are the ruins of the castle built by O'SulIivan Bere, and garrisoned by Daniel O'SuUivan against the forces of Ehzabeth ; it surrendered, after the capture of Dunboy Fort, to Sir George Carew, and at present consists of a lofty square tower on a precipitous rock rising from the banks of the river Auvane, and some extensive outworks. On the same river, near its influx into the bay, are the ruined gables of the castle of Hindisart, the stronghold of Sir Owen O'SulIivan, which was taken by Ireton in the parliamentary war, and by his orders demolished. Near Carriganass are the extensive and ivy-clad ruins of the old church of Kilmacomogue, and not far from the town those of the old church of Bantry, from the floor of which rise some lofty poplars. There are several chalybeate springs, the most esteemed of which is near the old abbey of Bantry ; and in the vicinity of lake Capanabool is a cromlech surrounded by nine upright stones. — See Bantry and Whiddy Island.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 43

59. Hole Stone at Muckamore, Druidical pillar

    Muckamore · townland · Antrim

    Muckamore, anciently Mach-airi-mar or 'Great Field of Adoration,' probably derived its name from being a place of Druidical worship. A rude pillar consisting of a single stone, now called the 'Hole stone' or 'Old stone,' commemorates this fact.

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    probably derived its name from its having been, during the times of Druidical superstition, a place selected for the performance of tlie religious rites of that people ; a rude pillar consisting of a single stone, now called the " Hole stone," or " Old stone," is supposed to commemorate the fact. A monastery was founded in 550, by Colman Elo, who is commonly, from the great number of churches that he founded, called St. Columbkill. This establishment acquired great celebrity, and, notwithstanding the internal wars which distracted the country, continued to flourish till the 32nd of Henry Vin., when it was delivered up to the king's commissioners by Bryan Doyomahallon, its last abbot. Soon after the conquest of Ulster, in 117-, De Courcy visited this monastery, confirmed to the monks all their former possessions, and extended their ancient privileges ; to which were added a grant of free warren, with an annual fair and a monthly market, by Henry VI., in 1430. In the ISth of James I., the place was granted by letterspatent to Sir Roger Langford, from whom it descended to the earls of Massereene, under whom it is held on lease for lives renewable in perpetuity. Only a very small portion of this once splendid pile is now remaining ; but the extensive cemetery is still the burial-place of the surrounding district. Its situation was one of the finest that could have been selected, comprehending every advantage of wood and water, and every variety of hill and dale, with a pleasingly undulating surface, and a soil of exuberant fertility.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 185

60. Holy-Ghost Hospital, Waterford, former Franciscan monastery

    Waterford · city · Waterford · 1240–1545

    The Holy-Ghost Hospital was originally a monastery of Friars Minor, founded in 1240 by Sir Hugh Purcell. After the Reformation, Henry Walsh purchased the site for £150 and founded the present hospital in 1545, with a tablet recording its foundation and later repairs in 1741 and 1743.

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    The Holy-Ghost Hospital was originally a monastery of Friars Minor, founded in 1'240 by Sir Hugh Purcell. After the settlement of the French Huguenots in this city, a part of the building was appropriated to their u.se as a place of worship, and it still bears the name of the French Church ; the steeple is yet entire. In the vaults beneath are several curious monuments, but the inscriptions are now illeeible ; among these is the tombstone of Sir Patrick O'Neill, a colonel in the 646

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 388