A topographical dictionary of Ireland : comprising the several counties; cities; boroughs; corporate, market and post towns; parishes; and villages, with historical and statistical descriptions embellished with engravings of the arms of the cities, bishopricks, corporate towns, and boroughs ; and of the seals of the several municipal corporations .. (vol. 2)

Each story keeps the passage it was read from. Open one to read it as the scan has it, and, where the companion has written its own telling, that too. The passages are read off photographs of the page by machine, so a word here and there comes out wrong; they are kept as the reading produced them, so you can check any of them against the scan.

1. Kiltyclogher village under Glenfarne mountains

   Kiltyclogher · townland · Leitrim

   Kiltyclogher, also called Sarahville, is a village of about seventy houses recently built by C. H. Tottenham, Esq., under the north-eastern range of the Glenfarne mountains. It has a market every Friday and monthly fairs.

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   KILTYCLOGHER, or Sarahville, a village, in the i)arish of Clonclare, union of Manor-Hamilton, barony of Dromahaire, county of Leitrim, and province of CoNNAUGHT ; Containing ■244 inhabitants. This village, which consists of about 70 houses, was recently built by C. H.Tottenham, Esq., under the north-eastern range of the Glenfarne mountains. A market is held every Friday, in a good market-house, and is well ISO

   K I L— V E

   Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 57

2. Kilwaughter Castle, seat of the Agnew family

   near Kilwaughter · parish · Antrim

   Kilwaughter Castle is described as the elegant mansion of the Agnew family, who owned nine-tenths of the parish of Kilwaughter in County Antrim. It sits within a beautiful and extensive demesne, with the surrounding lands in a high state of cultivation.

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   KILWAUGHTER, a parish, in the union of Larne, barony of Upper Glenarm, county of Antrim, and province of Ulster, 1 mile (W. S. W.) from Larne, on the road to Ballymena ; containing '2164 inhabitants. This parish comprises 9803^ statute acres, of which 1 1 5 are under water ; about one-third is arable, and a very large portion mountain and waste land, particularly Agnew Hill, which has an elevation of 1558 feet above the level of the sea. The lands near Kilwaughter Castle are in a high state of cultivation ; there is'some bog, and limestone and basalt are abundant. The castle, the elegant mansion of the Agnew family, proprietors of nine-tenths of the parish, is situated within a beautiful and extensive demesne : in the plantation above the house is a place called Dhu Hole, a fissure in the limestone rock, into which falls a river that is no where seen again till it enters Lough Larne. There are extensive cotton and spinning mills in the parish, that employ nearly 1000 persons ; linen-cloth is woven in some parts. The parish is a rectory, in the diocese of Connor, forming part of the union and corps of the prebend of Camcastle in the cathedral of Connor. A perpetual curacy was lately instituted, called the curacy of Carncasflc and Kilwaughter, which is endowed with a portion of the tithe rent-charge of the latter parish, amounting to £45. The Ecclesiastical Commissioners recommend, that on the next avoidance the united parishes and rectories of Kilwaughter and Carncastle become a distinct benefice, the perpetual curacy to be absorbed therein. The church is at Carncastle; the glebe (in this parish), as also the glebe-house, was purchased by the late Board of First Fruits, in 1S13. There is a small Roman Catholic chapel at Craiganorn. £50 Irish were bequeathed to the poor of the parish by Mr. H. Crawford, and are now under charge of the Board of Charitable Bequests. Some slight remains exist of the old church, in the castle demesne.

   Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 57

3. King John charter erects Waterford as a county

   Waterford · city · Waterford · 1206

   A charter of King John to the citizens of Waterford in 1206 shows the territory had already been erected into a county, controverting the opinion that the first shires in Ireland were erected by King John in 1210.

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   The power of the Anglo-Norman invaders was too great to be long effectually resisted. In U73, Raymond le Gros, with a select party, overran the country of Decies, which he every where depopulated and ravaged ; and, after a conflict with the Danes of Cork, returned in triumph to Waterford. Henry II., in 1177, granted in custody to Robert le Poer, his marshal, the country lying between AVaterford and the river of Lismore (the Blackwater), comprising the greater part of the present county, the rest of which was included in the grant of the " kingdom " of Cork to Mile de Cogan and his companions. Henceforward the Poers maintained a great superiority in this territory, and often waged sanguinary hostilities on their own part with the men of Waterford. It appears from a charter of King John to the citizens of Waterford, in 1'206, that the territory of W^aterford had been then erected into a county, the justices of assize and other officers of which were inhibited from exercising any authority within the city : this controverts the generally received opinion that the first shires in Ireland were erected by King John, in 1^210. The same king granted the custody of this county and that of Desmond to Thomas Fitz-Anthony, together with all the royal demesnes in the same, at the annual rent of '250 marks. Edward I. confirmed it to his son John, for .500 marks per annum ; but this act having been performed during the king's minority, the lands were subsequently recovered by the crown, by a decree against Thomas Fitz-Maurice, cousin and heir of John : Edward, however, in 1'29-, granted them to Thomas Fitz-Anthony, another branch of the Geraldines. In 1300, a party of natives made an incursion into Waterford, but were repulsed with much slaughter by the O'Feolains. In 1444, James, Earl of Desmond, procured a patent for the government of this and other counties of Munster ; but three years afterwards, John Talbot, Earl of Shrewsbury, then lord-lieutenant of Ireland, obtained a grant from the king of the city and county of Waterford, and the dignity and title of earl of Waterford, together with the castles, honour, lands, and barony of Dungarvan, with jera regalia, wreck, &c., from Youghal to Waterford ; because the country was waste, in so far as, in lieu of producing any profit to the crown, it was a cause of great loss. This patent was made by virtue of a privy seal, and by authority of parliament. By the act of the '2Sth of Henry VIII., however, vesting in the crown the possessions of all absentees from Ireland, the whole of the above lands, rights, and titles were resumed by the crown ; and the only portion restored to the family of Talbot was the title, which was re-granted to Francis Talbot in 1661 by Charles II. 629

   Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 373

4. King John confirms Malahide grant and church advowson

   Malahide · town · Dublin

   King John confirmed the grant of Malahide to Richard Talbot and conferred the advowson of the church of Mullahide Beg, which Talbot then assigned to the monks of St. Mary's Abbey, Dublin.

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   MALAHIDE, a maritime post-town and a parish, in the union of Balrothery, barony of Coolock, county of Dublin, and province of Leinster, 2^ miles (E.) from Swords, and ~ miles (N.) from Dublin Castle ; containing 1339 inhabitants, of whom 664 are in the town. The manor and castle were granted in 1174, by Henry IL, to Richard Talbot, the common ancestor of the earls of Shrewsbury and lords of Malahide, who accompanied that monarch into Ireland ; and have continued in the possession of his descendants from that period to the present day, through an uninterrupted succession of male heirs. This grant was confirmed to him by John, afterwards King of England, who also conferred on hira various privileges and the advowson of the church of " MuUahide Beg," which he immediately assigned to the monks of St. Mary's Abbey, Dublin. Iu 137 '2, Thomas Talbot was summoned to parliament by the title of Lord Talbot. In 1375, the harbour of the place appears to have been of such importance that the exportation of unlicensed corn, and the departure of any of the retinue of William de Windsor, chief governor, from this port, were prohibited under severe penalties. Edward IV., in 1475, granted to the family a confirmation of the lordship, with courts leet and baron ; and appointed the lord of Malahide high admiral of the seas, with full power to hold a court of admiralty, and to determine all pleas arising either on the high seas or elsewhere within the limits of the lordship. Sir Richard Edgecombe, who was sent by Henry VII. into Ireland to administer the oath of allegiance to the nobility and chieftains after the suppression of Lambert Simnels attempt to gain the crown, landed from England at this port, in 14SS, and was entertained at the castle, and afterwards conducted by the Bishop of Meath to Dublin. In 1570, Malahide is enumerated by Hollinshed among the principal post-towns of Ireland. In the parliamentary war the castle was besieged and taken by Cromwell, who resided here for some time, during which he passed sentence of outlawry upon Thomas, Lord Talbot, and gave the castle and the manor to Miles Corbet, who retained possession of them for seven years, till, on the Restoration, the Talbot family regained their estates.

   Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 133

5. King John grants first charter to Waterford, 1205

   Waterford · city · Waterford · 1205

   King John granted Waterford city, its port, and all appurtenances to his citizens of Waterford on 3 July 1205, with murage and all free customs, liberties, and privileges enjoyed by the burgesses of Bristol. This was the city's first charter of incorporation.

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   The city first received a charter of incorpor.4TION from King John, who, on the 3rd of July, 1205, granted the city, its port, and all appurtenances, to his I itizens of Waterford, witli murage and all free customs, liberties, and privileges, enjoyed by the burgesses of Bristol. Hairij III., by repeated writs to the Archbishop of Dublin, and to his lord justiciary of Ireland, confirmed this grant ; and in the I6th of his reign, by a new charter, gave the whole of the city to be held by the citizens at a fee-farm rent of 100 marks, with Vol. II.— 641

   exemption from toll, lastage,

   Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 384

6. King John lands at Waterford and orders coinage, 1211

   Waterford · city · Waterford · 1211

   John landed at Waterford on his way to Dublin to arrange Irish government affairs, and during his stay ordered pence, halfpence, and farthings to be coined there to the same standard as in England.

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   Waterford, from its situation and importance, became the centre of communication with England, as well as one of the chief places of trade in the island ; and during the same year, 1179, Robert Fitzstephen, Milo de Cogan, and Philip de Braos landed here with fresh forces from England. In the Easter of 118.^, John, Earl of Morton, son of Henry II., accompanied by Ralph Glanville, justiciary of England, and other distinguished persons, and attended with a retinue of 400 or 500 knights and about 4000 men, disembarked at this port to take upon himself the office of lord chief governor of Ireland, and was received with congratulation by the different native chiefs. The earliest coinage in Waterford of which indubitable evidence remains, is that of John while lord of Ireland, of which several silver halfpence, weighing from 10 to lOi grains, are still preserved. After his accession to the throne of England, John granted to the citizens, in 1204, a fair for nine days, and in 1206 a charter of incorporation, apparently in many respects little more than a recital and confirmation of privileges previously granted. In 121 1, that monarch landed here on his way to Dublin to arrange the affairs of the Irish government ; and during his stay in the city, he ordered pence, halfpence, and farthings, to be coined there, of the same standard as in England, to be equally current in both countries. In the early part of this century arose nearly all the religious houses that anciently existed here, of which the Benedictine priory of St. John's was founded by King John and the others by the inhabitants. In 1232, Henry III. granted a new charter, in which the election of a mayor is first mentioned : 635

   Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 378

7. King John's castle built at Roscrea, 1213

   Roscrea · town · Tipperary · 1213

   In 1213, King John, with the consent of the Bishop of Killaloe, proprietor of the manor of Roscrea by the union of the sees, built a strong castle at Roscrea to defend the town and neighbourhood against the incursions of Moriertach O'Brien, who had committed great devastations in this part of the country.

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   ROSCREA, a market and post town, a parish, and the head of a union, partly in the baronies of Clon- MSK and Ballybritt, King's county, and province of Leinsteu, but chiefly in the barony of Ikerrin, county of Tipperary, and province of Munster, 35 miles (N. E.) from Limerick, and 59 (S. W.) from Dublin, on the coach-road to Limerick ; containing 964" inhabitants, of whom 5275 are in the town. This place, the name of which, signifying a marshy situation, was descriptive of its early state, appears to have arisen from the foundation of a monastery here by St. Cronan, who flourished about the year 620, and was interred in the church. The establishment, which was for Canons Regular of the order of St. Augustine, and was amply endowed, soon became the seat of a small surrounding diocese ; and the town had become a place of importance prior to the close of the ninth century. In 942, the Danes from Limerick and the west approached this place at the time of its great fair, which was frequented by merchants from all parts of the kingdom, and even from foreign parts ; but the people, being apprised of their design, marched out of the town to meet them, and after an obstinate conflict, in which more than 4000 of the Danes were slain, entirely defeated them and killed their leader. The town was destroyed by fire in 1133 and 1 147 ; was plundered by the inhabitants of the district of Cashel in 1153 ; and in the year following was again destroyed by fire. During this century the ancient see of Roscrea was united to that of Killaloe, since which period there is no further notice of the abbey. In 1213, King John, with the consent of the Bishop of Killaloe, proprietor of the manor of Roscrea by the union of the sees, built a strong castle here to defend the town and neighbourhood against the incursions of Moriertach O'Brien, who had committed great devastations in this part of the country. The manor was, in 12S0, given to Edward I. by Matthew Hogan, Bishop of Killaloe, with the assent of his dean and chapter, in exchange for other lands in the county of Dublin : and in the following

   RO SC

   Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 262

8. King John's circular tower in the Mall, Roscrea

   Roscrea · town · Tipperary · 1199–1216

   In a street called the Mall stood a circular tower forming part of the castle erected by King John. The tower had been recently roofed at the time of writing.

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   The only part left of the ancient Abbey is the western gable, with an arched door forming an entrance to the present churchyard ; on each side of the arch are two flat niches, and above the doorway is a figure of the patron saint, Cronan, but much mutilated. In the churchyard is part of a circular cross, which, with another stone now forming part of the wall, is called the Shrine of St. Cronan, and is rudely sculptured with a representation of the Crucifixion and other figures. On the opposite side of the road, to the north-west of the old church, is an ancient Round Tower ; it is about SO feet high, in good preservation, and covered with a dome roof of wood ; around its base are two tiers of stone steps, and about 15 feet from the ground is a circular arched doorway, above which, at an elevation of 15 feet, is a pointed window. There are also some remains of the Culdee establishment of Mona Incha, where, from the time of St. Columba, who flourished early in the 6th century and was the founder of that order, subsisted till the beginning of the 17th century a fraternity of monks remarkable for their learning and sanctity, who strenuously resisted the usurpations of the see of Rome, and are mentioned by Archbishop Ussher as existing in the earlier part of his time. In the north-western pait of the town are the remains of the Franciscan Friary, still in tolerable preservation ; the tower of the ancient church forms the entrance to the Roman Catholic chapel. In a street called the Mall is still standing a circular tower, forming a portion of the castle erected by King John : this tower has been recently roofed ; and in the centre of the town, and in good preservation, is the lofty square castle built by the Butler family, part of which has been appropriated as a depAt for military stores for the use of the troops quartered in the barracks. St. Canice here wrote a copy of the Four Gospels, called Glass Kennic, or " the Chain of Canice," which till the time of Ussher was preserved in the abbey of this place : there was also a curious copy written by Dimma, a scribe, the son of Aengus son of Carthin, which was also kept here in a curiously ornamented box, and was most probably the manuscript in the possession of Sir William Betham, Ulster King at Arms. There is a chalybeate spring at Corville, near the town.

   Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 263

9. King John's grant and Butler castle at Roscrea

   Roscrea · town · Tipperary · 1199–1702

   King John granted Roscrea to Edmund Butler, afterwards Earl of Carrick, whose family held it until the reign of William III. A strong castle was erected by the Butlers, of which a considerable part was still remaining at the time of writing.

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   year it was granted by that raonarch to Edmund Butler, afterwards Earl of Carrick, in whose family it remained till the reign of William III., and by whom a strong castle was erected, of which a considerable part is still remaining. A Franciscan friary was founded in 1490, by Mulrany-na-Feasoige O'Carrol, or his wife Bribiana, and at the Dissolution was granted to Thomas, Earl of Ormonde.

   Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 263

10. King John's palace site in Waterford and Widows' Apartments

    Waterford · city · Waterford · 1702

    The palace in which King John resided during his stay at Waterford occupied the site on which the Widows' Apartments were built in 1702. When those apartments were erected, the vaults and foundations of the ancient palace structure were discovered.

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    were several Danish semilunar towers on the walls, one of which is still remaining at the extremity of what are called the ramparts. The palace in which King John resided during his stay at Waterford, occupied the site on which the Widows' Apartments were built in 170*2, when the vaults and foundations of that ancient structure were discovered.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 389

11. King John's parliament tradition and daughter's tomb at Newtown Abbey

    Trim · town · Meath · 1210–1216

    Tradition holds that King John held a parliament at Trim during his stay in Ireland, though no traces of its proceedings survive. A tomb in the abbey of Newtown, near Trim, was said to contain the remains of one of King John's daughters.

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    King John spent some time in this county during his abode in Ireland, and tradition says that he held a parliament at Trim, which however is very doubtful, as there are no traces of its proceedings. A tomb in which one of this king's daughters is said to have been interred, was shewn in the abbey of Newtown, near Trim. About the year V120, Meath was almost ruineil by the private quarrels of Hugh, Earl of Ulster, and William Marshall. 'U'' alter de Lacy having died in 1234 without male issue, his princely possessions descended to his two daughters, the wives of Geoffrey de Geneville and Theobald Verdun. In the reign of Henry VIII., the extensive church property in the county fell into the hands of the king on the dissolution of the monasteries ; and towards the close of the same reign Con O'Nial, King or Prince of Ulster, invaded Meath, and pillaged and burned Navan, in his progress : to prevent a recurrence of this calamity, a cess of 3s. ■id. was laid on every ploughland in the county, to be applied towards inclosing Navan with a wall. In the 34th year of the same king's reign, the division of the county into Meath and Westmeath took place. During the reign of Elizabeth the county was in a state of great wretchedness and destitution, as appears from the report made by Sir Henry Sidney, in 1576, in which he says " that, of the '2'24 parish churches then in the diocese, the walls of many had fallen ; very few chancels were covered, and the windows and doors were spoiled. Fifty-two of these churches, which had vicars endowed, were better maintained and served than the others, yet but badly : S'i of the residue, which belonged to particular lords, though in a better state, were far from well." In the year 1798 a large body of insurgents, who had posted themselves on the hill of Taragh, were routed with considerable loss by a detachment of the king's troops and yeomanry.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 148

12. King's Castle of Wicklow and 1620 inquisition

    Wicklow · town · Wicklow · 1620

    The King's Castle of Wicklow was specially exempt from the jurisdiction of the borough. An inquisition held in 1620 found that beer sellers paid dues to the castle and that 45 acres of land belonged to it.

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    nually from among the burgesses, 12 burgesses elected for life from among the freemen, and an unlimited number of freemen, who were admissible by birth, apprenticeship, marriage, or special favour, and enjoyed an exemption from tolls and harbour dues, and a right of commonage on the Murragh : there had been no recorder for several years. In 1840 the town was placed under commissioners appointed by act 9th George IV., cap. 82. The charter griinted the portreeve and burgesses the power of returning two members to the Irish parliament, which was exercised by them until the Union, when the borough was disfranchised. The landed property of the late corporation consists of 200 or 300 acres, all let on terminable leases : the rental is on the increase. Market tolls have been relinquished for some time : a barrel of coal is taken from each vessel discharging in the port i harbour dues are levied on all vessels of above 20 tons' burthen. The corporation exerted the power of regulating the pilotage. The portreeve held a court every Tuesday, in which debts to the amount of five marks, or £3. 6. 8. Irish, could be recovered ; he was not, however, a justice of the peace for the borough, which was, in this respect, under the control of the county magistracy. The town is a station for the constabulary police. The castle, called in public documents " The King's Castle of Wicklow," was specially exempt from the jurisdiction of the borough : from an inquisition held in 1620, it appears that every person selling beer in the town had to pay to the use of the castle four sextaries (pints) of ale for every bushel of malt brewed ; and that several parcels of land, amounting to 45 acres, belonged to it. The assizes for the county, and the general-sessions for its eastern district, are held here ; petty-sessions arc held at Rathnew, as being more central for the surrounding district. The representatives for the county are elected here. The county courthouse, erected in 1824, is a plain but commodious edifice, with sufficient accommodation for all requisite purposes. The gaol, which adjoins it, contains 6 wards, having in all 32 cells, 5 day-rooms, and 4 yards, a small chapel, and a separate hospital, besides a debtors' ward; it has also a treadmill : the building stands on 1^ acre, inclosed with a high wall. An addition is about to be made to it, to carry out the penitentiary system.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 406

13. Kingscourt founded near site of old village of Cabra

    Kingscourt · town · Cavan · 1780–1800

    Kingscourt was founded near the site of the old village of Cabra by Mervyn Pratt, Esq., towards the close of the eighteenth century, and completed by his brother, the Rev. Joseph Pratt. It rapidly grew into a thriving town of one spacious street with 307 well-built stone houses.

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    KINGSCOURT, a market and post town, in the union of Bailieborough, parish of Enniskeen, county of Cavan, and province of Ulster, 5 miles (\V.) from Carrickmacross, and .5O5 (N. \V.) from Dublin, on the road from Carrickmacross to BaiUeborough ; containing 1614 inhabitants. This town, which is situated on the confines of the counties of Louth, Meath, and Monaghan, was founded near the site of the old village of Cabra, by Mervyn Pratt, Esq., towards the close of the last century, and was completed by his brother, the Rev. Joseph Pratt. From the facility afforded by its situation for procuring materials for building, from the advantageous conditions of the leases granted by its proprietor, the construction of good roads, and the establishment of a market, it has rapidly risen into importance, and is now a thriving and prosperous place. It consists of one spacious street, containing 307 houses, which are well built of stone and roofed with slate ; has a neat and commodious market-house, and a daily post ; and is the head station for the Kingscourt district of the Irish Society for promoting the education of the native Irish, through the medium of their own language.

    Near the town is Cabra Castle, the seat of the proprietor. Colonel Pratt, a superb baronial castellated mansion in the Norman style of architecture, with suitable offices, situated in an extensive and beautiful demesne comprising 17 00 statute acres, and embeUished with luxuriant woods and richly varied scenery. In a very spacious meadow to the west, which is interspersed with stately trees of ancient growth, is an aboriginal wood covering several hundred acres, and reaching to the summit of a lofty eminence crowned with the ruins of a castle and with a rotundo of more modem date, commanding a rich view over several counties, terminating in the Carlingford moimtains to the east, and in the bay 2 B 2

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 58

14. King-square pump erected by Earl of Kingston

    Mitchelstown · town · Cork · 1825

    A pump of superior construction in King-square, worked by machinery and enclosed with iron railing, was erected by the Earl of Kingston in 1825. Great improvements to the town were carried out under the earl's auspices, including new roads to Lismore and Limerick.

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    The TOWN is situated on the declivity of a hill washed at its base by the small river Gradogue, which is here crossed by a stone bridge and falls into the river Puncheon within the demesne of Mitchelstown Castle. It consists mainly of two streets, called respectively Georgestreet and Cork-street, of which the latter is the chief thoroughfare. The former is terminated by the church at the southern extremity, and at the other leads into a spacious square, the north side of which is occupied by the extensive buildings of Kingston College : on the east side is a large and handsome hotel, which contains a news-room, supported by subscription ; and immediately opposite is the entrance to the demesne of Mitchelsfovsn Castle. The principal streets, which are parallel with each other, are intersected at right angles by four smaller streets; the total number of houses, in 1841, was 531, most of which are well built and of respectable appearance. The square and principal streets are paved, but the footpaths not flagged. The inhabitants are amply supplied with water raised by pumps in various parts of the town ; of these, one in King-square, of superior construction, worked by machinery and inclosed with an iron railing, was erected by the Earl of Kingston in IS^S. In 1841 the inhabitants adopted the act 9th George IV., cap. S'2, as far as regards cleansing and watching. Great improvements have been made under the auspices of the earl, who is proprietor of the town ; a new road to Lismore has been completed, and a continuation of the line to Limerick opened, which gives to an extensive, fertile, and improving district, facilities 336

    of access to the market of Mitchelstown. The former line, by diminishing to within 14 miles the distance to the river Blackwater at Lismore, affords the advantage of water convej'ance for coal, culm, timber, and other articles, at a moderate charge.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 154

15. Kingston Caverns discovered on Coolagarranroe townland, 1833

    Coolagarranroe · townland · Tipperary · 1833

    The Kingston Caverns, also called Mitchelstown caverns, were discovered in 1833 while quarrying a limestone hill on Lord Kingston's tenant Gorman's farm. The caverns comprise 15 explored chambers with striking stalactites and stalagmites, extending 600 to 800 feet in length and about 570 feet in breadth.

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    On the townland of Coolagarranroe, near the road from Mitchelstown to Cahir, about six miles from the former and seven from the latter place, are the Kingston CAVERNS, which, though in this parish, are sometimes called the Mitchelstown caverns, from the parties visiting them usually making that town their head-quarters. These extraordinary and magnificent caverns were discovered in 1833, while quarrying the limestone hill on the farm of a tenant of Lord Kingston, named Gorman, to whom his lordship confided the charge of preserving them from injury, and of acting as guide. The entrance is from the quarry by a slanting passage 50 feet long, terminating at the edge of a precipice, from •which is a descent of 20 feet by a ladder to a second sloping passage, 100 feet in length, and greatly obstructed by scattered masses of rugged rock ; this passage leads into an area about 70 or 80 feet in diameter, 570

    TEMP

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 327

16. Kingston College almshouses in Mitchelstown

    Mitchelstown · town · Cork

    Kingston College, an extensive range of buildings on the north side of King-square, was founded by James, Lord Kingston, who endowed it with £25,000 for a chaplain, 12 poor gentlemen, and 18 poor gentlewomen, with preference for former Kingston estate tenants. The buildings include 16 dwelling-houses with a chapel in the centre, beneath which is the vault of the Kingston family.

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    The Parish Church, situated at the south end of George-street, is an elegant structure of modern erection, in the later English style, with a lofty embattled tower surmounted by a beautiful and finely proportioned octagonal spire ; and is seen to great advantage from King-square through the vista of George-street. The Roman Catholic Chapel, situated on an eminence above the market-house, is a handsome cruciform edifice, also in the later English style of architecture, and flanked in the front with two octangular towers surmounted by cupolas ; it is embellished with a window of elegant design, and strengthened at the angles with buttresses terminating in pinnacles. Kingston College, an extensive range of building, was partly erected during the lifetime of its founder, James, Lord Kingston, who endowed it with £25,000, to be vested in trustees, consisting of the Archbishop of Cashel and the Bishops of Cloyne, Waterford, and Limerick, to be appropriated, after the complet(,on of the buildings, to the maintenance of a chaplain, 12 poor gentlemen, and 18 poor gentlewomen, with preference to such as have been tenants on the Kingston estates. The chaplain, whose duty it is to read morning and evening prayers daily, to preach a sermon every Sunday morning, and to administer the sacrament at Easter, Whitsuntide, and Christmas, has a stipend of

    M ITC

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 154

17. Kingston, seat of the King family

    Kingston · townland · Wicklow

    Kingston, the seat of the King family, is a commodious house set in beautifully disposed grounds commanding views of Castle Howard and the Meeting of the Waters.

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    The arable lands amount to 10,536 statute acres; 10,7'37 acres are in pasture; and the .remainder are mountain land : the butter made here is of very superior quality, and in high request in the Dublin market. Fuel is scarce, as there is very little bog. The eastern parts of the parish, and more particularly those along the rivers Avonmore and Avonbeg, are thickly studded with residences of the gentry and wealthy farmers. One of the most remarkable is Avondale, situated in a finely planted demesne, and which was the favourite residence of Sir John Parnell, Bart., chancellor of the Irish exchequer : Colonel Hayes, a former proprietor, was author of a work on "Judicious Planting," the principles of which are beautifully exemplified in the plantations of this demesne. Ballinacor, the residence of the Kemmis family, is surrounded by extensive plantations, and commands a fine view of the wild glen of Glenmalur : Kingston, the seat of the King family, is a commodious house in the midst of beautifully disposed grounds, commanding views of Castle Howard and the Meeting of the Waters ; Cassino is a pretty villa, and the Meeting a neat ornamental cottage, at the celebrated Meeting of the Waters, on a rustic seat in the lawn of which Moore is said to have composed the beautiful melody that bears this name. Besides these, are Corballis Castle, Ballyteigue, and Prospect, all commanding extended views of the adjacent country.

    The LIVING is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 248

18. Kingstown harbour eastern pier construction

    near Dún Laoghaire · town · Dublin · 1817

    The first stone of Kingstown's eastern pier was laid by Earl Whitworth, lord-lieutenant, and the work was superintended by Mr. Rennie until his death in 1817. The pier extends 3,500 feet in length and was part of a massive harbour project costing over half a million sterling.

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    The first stone of the eastern pier was laid by Earl Whitworth, lord-lieutenant, and the work was successfully prosecuted under the superintendence of Mr. Rennie, till his decease in I8I7 : the pier is 3500 feet in length. Though at first this was thought to be of itself sufficient to afford the requisite security, it was found necessary, for the protection of vessels from the northwest winds, to construct a western pier, which was commenced in 1820, and has been extended to a length of 4950 feet from the shore. The piers, by an angular deviation from a right line, incline towards each other, leaving at the mouth of the harbour a distance of 850 feet ; and inclose an area of 251 statute acres, affording anchorage in a depth of water varying from 27 to 15 feet at low spring tides. They are 3 1 0 feet broad at the base, and 53 feet on the summit ; towards the harbour they are faced with a perpendicular wall of heavy rubblestone, and towards the sea with huge blocks of granite sloping towards the top in an angle of 10 or 12 degrees. A quay, 40 feet wide, is continued along the piers, protected on the sea-side by a strong parapet nine feet high. The extreme points of the piers, which had been left unfinished for the decision of the Lords of the Admiralty

    KING

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 58

19. Kingstown renamed from Dunleary after George IV visit

    near Dún Laoghaire · town · Dublin · 429–1821

    Kingstown, formerly Dunleary, derived its name from Laeghaire (Leary), son of Nial of the Nine Hostages, monarch of Ireland from 429 to 458, who had his residence there. The present name Kingstown was granted by permission of George IV on his embarkation from the port in 1821, commemorated by a granite obelisk surmounted by a crown.

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    KINGSTOWN, formerly Dunleary, a sea-port and market-town, in the parish of Monkstown, union and barony of Rathdown, county of Dublin, and province of Leinster, 5i miles (E. S. E.) from Dublin ; containing 7229 inhabitants. This town, which is situated on the southern shore of the bay of Dublin, derived its former name Dunleary, signifying " the Fort of Leary," from Laeghahe or Leary, son of " Nial of the Nine Hostages," monarch of Ireland, who reigned from the year 429 to 458, and had his residence at this place. Its present appellation, Kingstown, was given to it by permission of His Majesty George IV., on his embarkation at this port for England after his visit to Ireland, in 1821 ; in commemoration of which, a handsome obelisk of granite, with an appropriate inscription, and surmounted by a crown of the same material, was erected. Previously to the construction of the present magnificent harbour, Dunleary was merely a village inhabited by a few fishermen ; but since the completion of that important undertaking it has become an extensive and flourishing place of fashionable resort, and the immediate neighbourhood is now thickly studded with elegant villas and handsome residences of the wealthy citizens of Dublin.

    The bay of Dublin had, from time immemorial, been regarded as extremely dangerous for shipping, from a 188

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 58

20. Kingstown western pier commenced 1820

    near Dún Laoghaire · town · Dublin · 1820

    A western pier at Kingstown harbour was commenced in 1820 to protect vessels from north-west winds, and was extended to 4,950 feet from the shore. Together with the eastern pier it enclosed 251 statute acres of anchorage.

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    The first stone of the eastern pier was laid by Earl Whitworth, lord-lieutenant, and the work was successfully prosecuted under the superintendence of Mr. Rennie, till his decease in I8I7 : the pier is 3500 feet in length. Though at first this was thought to be of itself sufficient to afford the requisite security, it was found necessary, for the protection of vessels from the northwest winds, to construct a western pier, which was commenced in 1820, and has been extended to a length of 4950 feet from the shore. The piers, by an angular deviation from a right line, incline towards each other, leaving at the mouth of the harbour a distance of 850 feet ; and inclose an area of 251 statute acres, affording anchorage in a depth of water varying from 27 to 15 feet at low spring tides. They are 3 1 0 feet broad at the base, and 53 feet on the summit ; towards the harbour they are faced with a perpendicular wall of heavy rubblestone, and towards the sea with huge blocks of granite sloping towards the top in an angle of 10 or 12 degrees. A quay, 40 feet wide, is continued along the piers, protected on the sea-side by a strong parapet nine feet high. The extreme points of the piers, which had been left unfinished for the decision of the Lords of the Admiralty

    KING

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 58

21. King-William's-Town built on forfeited O'Keefe lands

    Kingwilliamstown · townland · Cork · 1641–1832

    King-William's-Town was a village erected by government on the crown lands of Pobble O'Keefe, about 9000 acres forfeited by the O'Keefes in 1641. The Commissioners of Woods and Forests determined to retain the estate and commence experimental improvements in draining, planting, and building.

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    KING -"WILLIAMS-TOWN, a village, recently erected by government, in the parish of Nohoval- Daly, union of Kanturk, barony of Duhallow, county of Cork, and province of Munster, 85 miles (S. E.) from Castleisland ; on the river Blackwater, and on the new government road from Castleisland to Roskeen Bridge : the population is returned with the parish. It is situated nearly in the centre of the crown lands of Pobble O'Keefe, comprising about 9000 statute acres, which formed part of an extensive territory forfeited by the O'Keefes in 1641, and have since remained in the occupation of the lessees of the crown. On the expiration of the last lease, granted about a century since to the Cronin family, it was determined by the Commissioners of Woods and Forests, on the recommendation of their surveyor, Mr. "Weale, to retain the estate in their own hands ; to commence a series of experimental improvements in draining, planting, building, kc. ; and by the construction of new roads to render accessible this hitherto wild, neglected, and uncultivated district. For these purposes the commissioners were empowered, by an act passed in 1832, to appropriate £17,000 from the revenues of the crown; to which the grand juries of Cork and Kerry added presentments amounting to £7937. The works were accordingly commenced in Sept. 1832, under the superintendence of Mr. Griffith, the government engineer ; and after considerable progress had been made in the intersection of this mountain district by two important lines of road (noticed in the article on the county of 190

    Cork), the erection of the village was commenced on the eastern bank of the Blackwater, on the road to Castleisland, which here crosses the river over a handsome stone bridge of two elliptic arches.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 58

22. Kinkora: Brian Boru's palace at Killaloe

    Killaloe · town · Clare

    Near the town of Killaloe is a rath where formerly stood the castle or palace of Brian Boru, monarch of all Ireland, called Ceanchora or Kinkora. It was destroyed by Domhnall Mac Adgail, Prince of Tyrconnell, during the absence of Murtogh, Brian's grandson; the site has been levelled and planted with few vestiges remaining.

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    The PARISH comprises 10,707^ statute acres, and is generally under profitable cultivation ; the surrounding scenery, as already observed, is beautifully diversified, and in many parts truly picturesque. Near the town, on the west bank of the Shannon, is Clarrisford House, the episcopal palace, finely situated in a highly improved demesne, near the only ford across the river into this county from that of 'I'ipperary ; the mansion is handsome and of modern appearance, and, though small, forms a pleasant residence. There are several other gentlemen's seats, most of which command views of the lake and the beautiful scenery along its shores : the principal are, Ballyvalley, from which is a fine view of the town and bridge, with the falls on the river ; Tinerana ; Ryhinch ; Derry Castle ; Castle Lough ; Youghall ; and Ogonilloe. The living is a perpetual curacy, in the patronage of the Dean and Chapter ; the rectory is appropriate to the economy fund of the cathedral : the tithe rent-charge is £276. 18. 6., of which £221. 10. are payable to the economy fund, and the remainder to the bishop, as mensal tithes ; the stipend of the curate is £60 per annum, paid out of the economy fund. The glebe-house was erected in 1824, by aid of £500 and a loan of £50 from the Board of First Fruits ; the glebe comi>rises 4 acres. The Roman Catholic parish is co-extensive with that of the Established Church ; there are four chapels, also a place of worship for Presbyterians. Near the town is a rath, where was formerly the castle or palace of Brien Boroihrae, monarch of all Ireland : this fort, called Ceanchora or Kinkora, was destroyed by Domohall Mac Adgail, Prince of Tyrconnell, during the absence of INIurtogh, grandson of Brien ; the site has been levelled and planted, and few vestiges of the original building can be traced.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 33

23. Kinlough House and spa in Leitrim

    Kinlough · town · Leitrim

    At the north-eastern extremity of Lough Melvyn stands Kinlough House, a beautiful villa in a fine demesne. Near the village of Kinlough is a chalybeate spa which was formerly much frequented.

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    KINLOUGH, a village, in the union of Ballyshannon, parish of Rossinver, half-barony of Ross- CLOGHER, county of Leitrim, and province of Connaught, 4 miles (S. S. \V.) from Ballyshannon, on the road to Manor-Hamilton ; containing 277 inhabitants. The village consists of 52 houses ; it is a chief constabulary police station, and has fairs on the 6th of each month. Petty-sessions are held every third Monday, and here are a dispensary, the parish church, a Roman Catholic chapel, and a school. At the north-eastern extremity of Lough Melvyn is Kinlough House, a beautiful villa, in a very fine demesne. Near the village is a chalybeate spa which was formerly much frequented.

    KINNARD, a parish, in the union of Tralee, barony of Corkaguiney, county of Kerry, and province of Munster, 2 miles (S. E.) from Dingle, and on the northern side of Dingle bay; containing 1283 inhabitants. It is intersected by the Lispole river, which runs into the bay ; and comprises 5002 statute acres. About one-half consists of mountain pasture interspersed

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 58

24. Kinsale borough liberties extending to Dursey Island

    near Dursey Island · townland · Cork

    The Kinsale borough court of record held jurisdiction over liberties extending up the Bandon river above Innishannon, eastward to Oyster Haven, and westward to every harbour, bay, and creek as far as Dursey Island.

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    It is not known exactly at what time the borough first exercised the elective franchise, but it returned two members to parliament long prior to 16.52, and continued to do so without interruption till the Union, since which time it has returned only one to the Imperial parliament. The right of election, previously vested in the corporation, was, by the act of the 2nd of William IV., cap. 88, extended to the £10 householders; the total number of registered electors in 1841 was 300, of whom 277 were £10 househeilders, and 23 freemen. The old municipal borough and liberties comprised an area of 11,000 acres, within the jurisdiction of the borough magistrates ; a new parliamentary boundary was in 1S32 drawn close round the town, including the village of Scilly, and comprising an area of 273 acres. By the act of the .59th of George III., cap. 84, the borough and liberties, for the purposes of county taxation, were constituted a distinct barony. The corporation used to hold a court of record (before the sovereign and recorder, or either of them) for the determination of pleas to any amount within the town and liberties, which latter extended up the Bandon river above Innishannon, eastward to Oyster haven, and westward to every harbour, bay, and creek, as far as Dursey Island. Sessions were held

    twice in the year before the sovereign, recorder, and two associate justices selected from the elder burgesseh, with exclusive jurisdiction in all cases not capital j and a court of conscience is still held every Wednesday, fr)r the recovery of debts under 40s. late currency. The town-hall is a spacious and neat building, commodiously adapted to the public business and for holding courts. The borough gaol is also commodious, and well adapted to the classification of the ijrisoners.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 59

25. Kinsale charter confirmed by Elizabeth

    Kinsale · town · Cork · 1361–1589

    The charter of incorporation granted to Kinsale by Edward III was confirmed and extended by subsequent sovereigns. Queen Elizabeth, by patent dated May 10th in the 31st year of her reign, confirmed all former privileges and possessions and extended the limits of corporate jurisdiction.

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    The charter of incorporation granted by Edward III. was confirmed and extended by subsequent sovereigns to the time of Elizabeth, who by patent dated May 10th, in the 31st year of her reign, confirmed all former privileges and possessions ; extended the limits of the corporate jurisdiction ; gave the sovereign and

    KINS

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 59

26. Kinsale charters and Castle-ni-Fark fortress

    Kinsale · town · Cork · 1609

    James I confirmed Kinsale's corporation rights in 1609, transferring the admiral's appointment to the constable of the fortress of Castle-ni-Fark. Earlier charters granted market and fair rights and constituted the sovereign and burgesses as justices of the peace.

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    commons the authority of admiral, searcher, and ganger, from the Old Head to the Durseys ; constituted the sovereign, recorder, and two of the ancient burgesses, justices of the peace and of gaol delivery ; and granted markets on Wednesday and Friday, and a fair on St. Bartholomew's-day and for three days after. This charter, upon which the corporation acted and regulated its proceedings until the passing of the act 3d and 4th of Victoria, cap. 108, was, together with all preceding charters, ratified by James I., who, in I609, confirmed to the sovereign and commons all their rights, liberties, and possessions, excepting only the sovereign's appointment of admiral, which he transferred to the constable of the fortress of Castle-ni-Fark ; and on account of their sufferings from the Spanish invasion, the king granted them an annual rent of £'20 for '21 years, which was in part subsequently continued. In the 19th of that reign a charter was bestowed incorporating a mayor, two constables, and merchants of the staple, with the same privileges as had been granted to Youghal. All subsequent grants were merely fairs or pecuniary aids, with the exception of a new charter by James II., in 1688, which did not continue in force. The corporation, down to 1840, consisted of a sovereign and an indefinite number of burgesses and freemen, assisted by a common-speaker, recorder, town-clerk (who was also clerk of the crown and peace), chamberlain, two serjeants-atmace, a water-bailiff, and other officers. The sovereign and all other officers of the corporation were elected by the court of d'oyer hundred, consisting of the members of the corporation generally ; and the burgesses and freemen were chosen solely by the council, which consisted of the sovereign, common-speaker, and burgesses. The sovereign, who was a justice of the peace for the borough and for the county, and also coroner for the borough, was chosen annually on the '29th of June (and sworn into office on the 29th of September) ; and the other officers, as vacancies occurred, on the first Monday after Michaelmas-day. In 1840, the inhabitants adopted the 9th of George IV., cap. 82, for cleansing and lighting.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 59

27. Kinsale fishermen and impressment exemption

    Kinsale · town · Cork

    Kinsale fishermen were long noted for the quality of their boats and seamanship. Their services in supplying Cork's markets and their skill as pilots procured them exemption from impressment during the last war.

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    Sprats and herrings are taken in seins within the harbour and bay, as far as the Old Head ; haddock, mackerel, turbot, gurnet, cod, ling, hake, and larger fish, in the open sea ; and salmon, in almost every part of the river. The value of the fishery is estimated, on an average, at £30,000 per annum. The Kinsale fishermen have long been noted for the goodness of their boats and their excellent seamanship : their services in supplying the markets of Cork and other neighbouring towns, and their skill as pilots, procured for them exemption from impressment during the last war.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 59

28. Kinsale Gift House and Southwell almshouse

    Kinsale · town · Cork

    The Gift House in Kinsale, supported by the Southwell family, provided weekly allowances to eight widows of decayed Protestant tradesmen. An ancient parochial almshouse with 16 rooms also served superannuated poor.

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    The late municipal borough comprised the whole of the parish of Kinsale or St. Multose, and a small portion of the parish of Rincurran. The former contains only 379 statute acres, principally in demesnes ; the scenery is highly interesting, and strikingly diversified. The chief seats are Garretstown, Ballymartle, Ballintober, Rathmore, KnockdufTc, Snugmore, Heathfield, Fort Arthur, Knockrobbin, and Pallastown. The living is a vicarage, in the diocese of Cork, and in the patronage of the Bishop ; the rectory is impropriate in T. C. Kearney, Esq., and the tithe rent-charge is £24. 17., half payable to the impropriator, and half to the vicar, whose income is augmented by an assessment for minister's money, at present amounting to £87. The glebe-house, which is near the church, was built in 1811, by a gift of £400 and a loan of £360 from the Board of First Fruits. The glebe is situated on the western side of the town, and comprises 3 acres. The church, dedicated to St. Multosia, by whom it is said to have been erected in the 14th century as the conventual church of a monastery she had founded, is a spacious and venerable cruciform structure, for the repair and enlargement of which the Ecclesiastical Commissioners lately granted £1361. It contains two handsome monuments of Italian marble ; one of them to various members of the Southwell family, settled here in the reign of Charles I. ; the other, which is beautifully executed, to the memory of Catharine, relict of Sir John Perceval, Bart., and of the same family : there is also a monument of white marble to Captain T. Lawrence and his lady, erected in 1724, with their armorial bearings. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish is the head of a union comprising also the parishes of Rincurran, Dunderrow, and Teighsasson or Taxax. The principal chapel is a spacious edifice, erected in 1834 by subscription, and has an altar-piece embellished with paintings of the principal events in the life of Christ. There is a small chapel belonging to the Carmelite friary, and a handsome Carmelite chapel of greater size is now in course of erection; the cost of this building, which stands north-west of the town, will exceed £2000 : there is also a chapel at Ballinamona. The parish contains places of worship for Wesleyan and Primitive Methodists. Of the various schools, the grammar school has an endowment partly by the corporation, and partly by the family of De Clifford, of Kings-Weston, in the county of Gloucester, producing a salary of £50 for the master, who has also a large house, play-ground, and garden, given by the Southwell family. A fever hospital and a dispensary have been established. An institution called the Gift House, in which eight widows of decayed Protestant tradesmen receive a weekly allowance of two shillings, is supported by the Southwell family ; and there is an ancient parochial almshouse, containing 16 rooms for superannuated poor, each of whom receives a portion of the weekly contributions at the church. The union 2 C3

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 59

29. Kinsale harbour as naval rendezvous, 1691 onward

    Kinsale · town · Cork · 1691

    In 1691 the English and Dutch Smyrna fleets lay in Kinsale port while grand fleets guarded the harbour mouth. The haven's importance was demonstrated by its affording secure asylum to Virginia and Barbadoes fleets, and on subsequent occasions it served as a rendezvous for British navy squadrons and East and West India fleets.

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    During the war of 1641, the Irish inhabitants were expelled from the town. In 1649, Prince Rupert and Prince Maurice entered the bay with a fleet, in order to make preparations for the landing of Charles II., but finding themselves blocked up by Blake and Dean, the parliamentarian admirals, they made their escape with four frigates to Lisbon ; and on Cromwell's approach in the latter part of the same year, the town declared for the parliament. About the year I677, the Duke of Ormonde erected fur the defence of the town and harbour a new citadel, called Charles Fort. James II. landed here on the l'2th of March, 1689, and after being entertained by Donough, Earl of Clancarty, proceeded to Cork. On the 14th, an army of 5000 French landed under the command of Count Lauzun and the Marquess de Lary, to join whom, James sent as many of the Irish under Major- General M'^Carty. On the 14th of April, Admiral Herbert appeared oil the harbour with his fleet, upon which the governor of Kinsale, Mac EUigot, mistaking it for the French fleet expected at that time, prepared to withdraw his forces that the French might take possession of the town ; but on discovering his error, he returned for its defence. On the surrender of Cork in the following year, Brigadier- General Villiers was sent to take Kinsale, which was immediately abandoned as untenable by the enemy, who dispersed their troops in the adjacent forts. Major- General Tettan and Colonel Fitzpatrick, therefore, with about 800 men, crossed the river on the ^nd of October and marched to the old fort of Castle-ni-Park, which they assaulted and took by storm : the garrison retired into the castle of Riogroan, but on their entrance, three barrels of their gunpowder took fire at the gate, which was blown up, and about 40 of them destroyed ; and Colonel Driscoll and about 200 of the garrison being killed by the artillery, the rest surrendered upon quarter. Charles Fort was then summoned, and the trenches of the besiegers were opened on the 5th of October ; a breach was made, and a mine sprung ; but just when the assault was about to take place. Sir Edward Scott surrendered upon honourable terms, and the troops were allowed to march out with their arras and baggage to Limerick. Brigadier-General Churchhill, brotlier to the Earl of Marlborough, was made governor of Charles Furt, and the town became the winter quarters of part of the English army ; the walls on the land side were on this occasion destroyed by order of government. In 1691, the English and Dutch Smyrna fleets lay in the port, while the grand fleets of both nations guarded the

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 59

30. Kinsale harbour description

    near Kinsale Harbour · bay · Cork

    Kinsale harbour consists of the circling reach of the River Bandon and a broad inlet separating the town from the village of Scilly. Though less extensive than Cork harbour, it is deep, secure, and compact, being completely land-locked by lofty hills.

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    The HARBOUR consists of the circling reach of the river, and a broad inlet which separates the town from the village of Scilly ; and, though much less extensive than that of Cork, is deep, secure, and compact, being completely land-locked by lofty hills. It is defended by Charles Fort, nearly abreast of which is a bar having only 12 feet of water at low spring tides. The entrance is marked by two lofty lights ; one in Charles Fort for the use of the harbour, a small fixed light, elevated 98 feet above high-water mark and visible at the distance of six nautical miles ; and the other on the Old Head, consisting of 2" lamps having an elevation of 294 feet above the level of the sea at high water, and displaying a bright fixed light visible at a distance of 23 nautical miles. Vessels arriving at low water, and drawing more than 1 1 feet, must wait the rising of the tide before they can proceed across the bar. The usual anchorage is off the village of Cove, about a cable's length from the shore ; but there is water enough for the largest ships any where in the channel of the river, which lies close along the eastern shore up to the town. The river is navigable for vessels of 200 tons to Colliers' quay, 12 miles above the town. At Old Head is a coast-guard station, which is the head of the district of Kinsale, including those of Upper Cove, Oyster Haven, Old Head, How's Strand, Court-]VPSherry, Barry's Cove, Dunny Cove, and Dirk Cove ; the whole comprising a force of 8 officers and 63 men, under the superintendence of a resident inspecting commander. The inhabitants, in expectation of assistance from government, lately subscribed £4000 towards the erection of a bridge over the Bandon, the expense of which was estimated at £9000 ; but their application was not successful. The erection of a bridge at this place would open in a direct line the whole of the western coast as far as Baltimore, comprehending 180,000 acres of a rich agricultural district, and would greatly promote the trade of the port and the prosperity of the town, which suffered greatly by the removal of the dock-yard and other pubhc establishments. In the town is a large ale-brewery and malting establishment ; and in the neighbourhood are several flour-mills. The markets are on Wednesday and Saturday ; and fairs are held on May 4th, Sept. 4th, and Nov. 21st, for horses, cattle, sheep, pigs, farming utensils, friezes, coarse flannels, and other articles. Two mails from Cork and one from Bandon pass daily through Kinsale. A chief constabulary police force is stationed in the town.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 59

31. Kinsale oath to Henry VII at St. Multosia church, 1488

    Kinsale · town · Cork · 1488

    After the inhabitants of Kinsale countenanced Lambert Simnel's pretensions, Sir Richard Edgecumbe arrived with five ships and 500 men on 27 June 1488. The townsmen swore fealty to Henry VII in the church of St. Multosia and received a pardon.

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    curporation all such rights and privileges as were enjoyed by the citizens of Cork. Tlie inhabitants having countenanced the pretensions of Lambert Sinincl, Sir Richard Edgecumbe arrived here on the '27th of June, 1488, with five ships and 500 men, to exact new oaths of allegiance from the Irish leaders ; and on the day following, the townsmen, having sworn fealty to Ilcnry VII. in the church of St. Multosia, and entered into recognizances, received a pardon ; but they were compelled by the Earl of Kildare to renew their oaths in 1498. The town was partly consumed in l.'i94 by a fire which destroyed Cork street.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 59

32. Kinsale Roman Catholic chapel at Ballinamona

    Ballynamona · townland · Cork · 1834

    The Roman Catholic parish of Kinsale was head of a union comprising Rincurran, Dunderrow, and Teighsasson. A spacious chapel was erected in 1834 by subscription, and a smaller chapel existed at Ballinamona.

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    The late municipal borough comprised the whole of the parish of Kinsale or St. Multose, and a small portion of the parish of Rincurran. The former contains only 379 statute acres, principally in demesnes ; the scenery is highly interesting, and strikingly diversified. The chief seats are Garretstown, Ballymartle, Ballintober, Rathmore, KnockdufTc, Snugmore, Heathfield, Fort Arthur, Knockrobbin, and Pallastown. The living is a vicarage, in the diocese of Cork, and in the patronage of the Bishop ; the rectory is impropriate in T. C. Kearney, Esq., and the tithe rent-charge is £24. 17., half payable to the impropriator, and half to the vicar, whose income is augmented by an assessment for minister's money, at present amounting to £87. The glebe-house, which is near the church, was built in 1811, by a gift of £400 and a loan of £360 from the Board of First Fruits. The glebe is situated on the western side of the town, and comprises 3 acres. The church, dedicated to St. Multosia, by whom it is said to have been erected in the 14th century as the conventual church of a monastery she had founded, is a spacious and venerable cruciform structure, for the repair and enlargement of which the Ecclesiastical Commissioners lately granted £1361. It contains two handsome monuments of Italian marble ; one of them to various members of the Southwell family, settled here in the reign of Charles I. ; the other, which is beautifully executed, to the memory of Catharine, relict of Sir John Perceval, Bart., and of the same family : there is also a monument of white marble to Captain T. Lawrence and his lady, erected in 1724, with their armorial bearings. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish is the head of a union comprising also the parishes of Rincurran, Dunderrow, and Teighsasson or Taxax. The principal chapel is a spacious edifice, erected in 1834 by subscription, and has an altar-piece embellished with paintings of the principal events in the life of Christ. There is a small chapel belonging to the Carmelite friary, and a handsome Carmelite chapel of greater size is now in course of erection; the cost of this building, which stands north-west of the town, will exceed £2000 : there is also a chapel at Ballinamona. The parish contains places of worship for Wesleyan and Primitive Methodists. Of the various schools, the grammar school has an endowment partly by the corporation, and partly by the family of De Clifford, of Kings-Weston, in the county of Gloucester, producing a salary of £50 for the master, who has also a large house, play-ground, and garden, given by the Southwell family. A fever hospital and a dispensary have been established. An institution called the Gift House, in which eight widows of decayed Protestant tradesmen receive a weekly allowance of two shillings, is supported by the Southwell family ; and there is an ancient parochial almshouse, containing 16 rooms for superannuated poor, each of whom receives a portion of the weekly contributions at the church. The union 2 C3

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 59

33. Kinsale's Edward III charter and town walls

    Kinsale · town · Cork · 1333–1334

    A charter of incorporation granted by Edward III in the 7th year of his reign noted that Kinsale was surrounded by Irish enemies and English rebels, that the burgesses had defended the town by sea and land, and that the walls had become ruinous. Power was granted to choose a sovereign and collect customs for repairs.

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    Rincurran, and contains altogether 691s inhabitants. This place, of which, from its very great antiquity, the origin is but imperfectly known, is supposed to have derived its name from the Irish Cean Taile, signifying " the headland in the sea," in allusion to the promontory called the Old Head ; or from Ciun Saila, a " smooth sea or basin." It is also in some ancient Irish manuscripts called Fan-na-Tuabrid, or " the fall of the springs." On the Old Head, about 6 miles from the town, was an encampment, supposed, but on doubtful authority, to have been the residence of some of the ancient kings of Ireland, and of which the site is now occupied by the ruins of a castle built in the l'2th century by the celebrated De Courcy, who, having married into the family of the De Cogans, the first English grantees, became possessed of a large tract of country now forming the barony of Courcy, adjoining that of Kinsale on the south-west. The place appears from a very early period to have been a borough by prescription, as the charter of incorporation granted to the inhabitants by Edward III., in the 7th of his reign, states in its preamble that the town " was surrounded by Irish enemies and English rebels, and that the burgesses had always obeyed the kings orders in repelling the same, who had often by sea and land assailed the town, the walls of which had become ruinous and the burgesses unable to repair them." Power was therefore granted to choose a " sovereign ;" to collect certain customs for repairing the walls ; and to treat separately with, or make war upon, the Irish enemies. John de Courcy having become lord of Kinsale and also of the adjoining castle of Ringrone, was succeeded in his estates here by his grandson Milo, who near the latter place defeated Florence ISPCarty More and a large party of his followers, and drove them into the river Bandon, where many of them were drowned.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 59

34. Kinsale streets on Compass Hill

    Kinsale · town · Cork

    The streets of Kinsale rise irregularly on the acclivity of Compass Hill, with houses set on excavated rock sites or projecting crags. The descent is dangerously steep and most streets are inaccessible to carriages except from the hill summit or the main street along the harbour shore.

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    The TOWN is pleasantly and advantageously situated near the mouth of the river Bandon, anciently called the Glaslin or Glasson, which here forms a capacious and secure harbour. The streets rise in a singular and irregular manner on the acclivity of an eminence called Compass Hill, the houses ranging tier above tier, most of them on sites excavated in the sohd rock, or placed on the level of some projecting crag ; the descent is dangerously steep, and the streets are inaccessible to carriages except from the summit of the hill, or from the main street, which takes an irregular course along the shore of the harbour. The total number of houses, many of which are well built and of handsome appearance, was, in 1831, 1266; and in 1841, 17O7. The town is paved, and amply supplied with good water from numerous springs. It is much frequented during the season for sea-bathing, and several villas and cottages have been built in the village of Scilly and in the Cove, for the accommodation of visiters. It was lately in contemplation to build a bridge across the ferry on the river, from the town to Courcy's territory ; and a new line of road to Bandon has been completed. The environs embrace some fine views of the sea, the harbour, and the estuaries which indent the adjacent country : the banks of the river are embellished with thriving plantations, and with several gentlemen's seats ; and around the summit of Compass Hill is a pleasant walk, commanding a splendid view of the harbour and the windings of the Bandon. On the east of the town is Charles Fort, commanded by a governor and fortmajor, and containing barracks for 16 officers and 33'2 non-commissioned officers and privates. There are two small hbraries, supported by proprietaries of £5 shareholders and annual subscribers ; a regatta was formerly held in July or August, and boat-races take place occasionally. A handsome suite of assembly-rooms has been built, and on the ground floor of the same building is a reading and news room.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 59

35. Kinsale town walls and gates destroyed and removed

    Kinsale · town · Cork · 1690–1805

    The town walls of Kinsale were destroyed in 1690. Three of the gates—Nicholas-gate, Friars-gate, and Cork-gate—survived until removed in 1794, 1796, and 1805 respectively; a small portion of Cork-gate and a fragment of wall in Newman-place still remain.

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    There were formerly an abbey of Canons Regular, of which Colgan says St. Gobban, disciple of St. Ailbe, was abbot in the 7th century ; and an abbey of Carmelite friars, founded, and dedicated to the Blessed Virgin Mary, by Robert Fitz-Richard Balrain, in 1334 ; but there are no remains of either. On the promontory on the opposite side of the river, are extensive remains of the old fortress of Castle-ni-Park ; it was of hexagonal form, with bastions at the angles : the towers, intrenchments, and fosse are nearly entire. Of the town walls, which were destroyed in 1690, three of the gates were remaining till near the close of the last century ; Nicholas-gate was removed in 1794, Friars-gate in 1796, and Cork-gate in 1S05 : a small portion of the last may still be seen, on the north side of Cork-street ; and in Newman-place may be traced the only portion of the walls now remaining. Near the village of Scilly, and near Charles Fort, are valuable chalybeate springs, formerly much resorted to, and still generally regarded as an excellent tonic. This town gives the very ancient title of Baron Kingsale to the family of De Courcy, originally created in 1181. His lordship is premier baron of Ireland ; he has the privilege (granted by King John to De Courcy, Earl of Ulster,) of wearing his hat in the royal presence, which was asserted by the late John, Baron Kingsale, at Dublin Castle, before his late Majesty George IV., on his visit to Ireland in August, 18'21. He has also the privilege of having a cover laid for him at the royal table at coronations, and on all other state occasions.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 59

36. Kircubbin town built since 1790

    Kircubbin · townland · Down · 1790

    Kircubbin, situated on the shore of Strangford Lough, was of very recent origin, having been built since 1790 when there were previously not more than five houses. By the 1830s it contained 136 neatly built houses and carried on a prosperous trade in straw hats, kelp, corn, and potatoes.

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    KIRCUBBIN, a market and post town, in the parish of Innishargv, union of Newtown-Ardes, barony of Ardes, county of Down, and province of Ulster, 8f miles (S. E.) from Newtown-Ardes, and 96^ (N. by E.) from Dublin, on the road from Belfast to Portaferry ; containing 6'23 inhabitants. This town, which is situated on the shore of Strangford lough, is of very recent origin, having been built since the year 1790, previously to which time there were not more than five houses in the place. The present town contains 136 houses, for the greater part neatly built ; and the inhabitants carry on a small but prosperous trade. The manufacture of straw hats and bonnets, of which great numbers are sent every year into the interior, affords employment to most of the industrious female population of the town and adjoining parishes ; large quantities of kelp are burned and sent annually to Liverpool, and corn and potatoes are shipped hence for the Liverpool and Glasgow markets to a considerable extent. The situation of the town, close to which is an excellent landing-place, atfords every facility of conveyance by land and water. A sub-post office here is in connexion with Newtown- Ardes. The market is held every third Wednesday, and is well supplied with provisions of every kind and with brown linens ; fairs are held on the '28th of April, May, August, and November. A market-house, with a brown-linen hall in the rear of it, was erected by the late Hon. Robert Ward ; the same family more recently expended a considerable sum in the erection of quays for the greater convenience of shipping the produce of the neighbourhood. A court leet and baron is held every three weeks by the seneschal of the manor, in which pleas are entertained to the amount of £'20, with jurisdiction over all the parishes of the union ; and the magistrates hold a petty-session here every alternate Monday. The district forms a perpetual curacy, in the diocese of Down, and patronage of Trustees.

    KIRKDONNELL.— See Dundonald.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 60

37. Kistvaen with urn and bones found at Kilranelagh

    Kilranelagh · townland · Wicklow

    A kistvaen was discovered on the Kilranelagh estate in Wicklow, containing an urn with bones now held in the Trinity College Dublin museum. The parish also features Cadeen mountain at 2,143 feet and Kilranelagh hill at 1,289 feet, with porcelain clay found in the demesne.

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    KILRANELAGH, a parish, in the union of BaltiNGLASS, barony of Upper Talbotstown, county of WiCKLOW, and province of Leinster, 3^ miles (E.) from Baltinglass, on the road from Dublin to Hacketstown; containing 1800 inhabitants. It comprises 447O5 statute acres, of which 1053 are mountain land, including Cadeen, which is 2143 feet high, and Kilranelagh hill, which rises to the height of 12S9 feet : the land is chiefly in pasture. In the demesne of Kilranelagh is found porcelain clay, consisting of decomposed felspar, equal in purity to the Cornish china clay ; granite and slate are abundant, and large masses of hornblende and a sort of greenstone frequently occur. There is a constabulary police station near Fort Granite. The principal seats are, Kilrauelagh, a well-planted demesne of 200 statute acres ; Ballynrowan ; Fort Granite; and Barraderry. The parish is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of Leighlin, forming part of the union of Kiltegan : the tithe rent-charge is £145. 7. 8. In the Roman Catholic divisions it is part of the district of Rathvilly, and has a chapel at Talbotstown. In the demesne of Fort Granite is a handsome school-house, with apartments for a master and mistress, built and supported entirely by the proprietor and his family. A kistvaen was discovered some years since on the estate of Kilranelagh, in which was an urn containing bones, now in the museum of Trinity College, Dublin. At Talbotstown are the remains of a square fort with a fosse, which must formerly have been of consequence, as it gave name to the barony ; and there is a large old burial-ground.

    KILRAUGHTS, or Cilraghts, a parish, iu the union of Bali.ymoney, barony of Upper Dunluce, county of Antrim, and province of Ulster, 4 miles (E.) from Ballymoney, and on the roads leading respectively from Colerainc to Belfast and from Ballymena to Bushmills; containing 1542 inhabitants. This parish comprises 5132^ statute acres, of which very little is 164

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 51

38. Knights Hospitallers commandery at Tully, County Kildare

    Tully · parish · Kildare

    A commandery of Knights Hospitallers existed at Tully in Kildare at an early period and was richly endowed. Several chapters of the order were held there, and it flourished until the Reformation, when it was annexed to the bishopric of Kildare. Some remains of the ancient religious house and its chapel still exist.

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    TULLY, a parish, partly in the barony of Kilcul- LEN, but chiefly in that of East Ophaly, union of Naas, county of Kildare, and province of Leinster, 1^ mile (S.) from Kildare, on the road to Castle- Dermot ; containing 1279 inhabitants. It comprises 5165 statute acres, including a large extent of bog, adjoining the Curragh of Kildare. A fair is held on Dec. 21st; and there is a grist-mill within the limits of the parish. A commandery of Knights Hospitallers existed here at an early period, and was richly endowed ; several chapters of the order were held here, and it continued to flourish until the Reformation. It was subsequently annexed to the bishopric of Kildare, as part of the corps thereof : the possessions consist of upwards of 20 townships or places yielding tithe, in some cases the whole, and in others two-thirds ; the tithe rentcharge is £242. IS. Under the provisions of the Church Temporalities act the proceeds of the parish, on the late avoidance of the bishopric, became vested in the Ecclesiastical Commissioners. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish forms part of the district of Kildare and Rathangan. Some remains of the ancient religious house and its chapel still exist. General Sarsfield, who served under James II., lived in this parish : on taking down the house, several spoons and curious bottles were found.

    TULLYALLEN, or Tulloughallen, a parish, in the union of Drogheda, chiefly in the barony of Ferrard, county of Louth, but partly in that of Upper Slane, county of Meath, and province of Leinster, on the road to Ardee ; containing, with part of the town of Drogheda, 4642 inhabitants. The parish is situated on the river Boyne, by which it is bounded on the south. It comprises 8294 statute acres, of which 7344 610

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 358

39. Knights of St. John cavern at Bewley, Kilmolash

    Bewley · townland · Waterford

    On the banks of the river Phinisk at Bewley in Kilmolash parish is a cavern in the limestone rock, near which formerly stood a religious edifice said to have belonged to the Knights of St. John of Jerusalem.

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    KILMOLASH, a parish, partly in the barony of DECiEs-within-DRUM, but chiefly in that of Decieswithout-DRUM, unions of Lismore and Dvngarvan, county of Waterford, and province of Mcnster, 5 miles (S. E.) from Lismore; containing 1491 inhabitants. It comprises 36S9 statute acres, of which about three-fourths are arable ; and includes some bog and mountain laud, and about 70 acres of woodland. The river Phinisk flows through the parish ; and on its banks, at Bewley, is a cavern in the limestone rock, near which was formerly a religious edifice, said to have belonged to the Knights of St. John of Jerusalem. The principal seats are Woodstock and Ballinaparka. Kilmolash is a vicarage, in the diocese of Lismore, and in the patronage of the Bishop ; the rectory forms part of the union of Kilrush and of the corps of the archdeaconry of Lismore, and the tithe rent-charge is £174. 7. 6., of which £116. 5. are payable to the rector and the remainder to the vicar. Here are the ruins of an ancient building, called Clough, where it is said King John and his attendants halted on their way from Waterford to Cork. It consisted of a quadrangle of about a quarter of an acre, inclosed with high walls defended by towers at the angles, with a drawbridge on the south side ; the towers only appear to have been roofed. Part of the ruins of the church also still exist.

    U

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 47

40. Knights of St. John commandery at Kilbeg

    Kilbeg · parish · Meath · 1189–1199

    Kilbeg parish, also called Kilmainhambeg, takes its name from a commandery of Knights of St. John of Jerusalem founded by Walter de Lacy in the reign of Richard I. It was a cell to Kilmainham near Dublin, but no vestige can be traced.

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    KILUEG, or Kilmainhamiieg, a parish, in the union of Kells, barony of Lower Kells, county of Meath, and province of Licinster, 4 miles (N.byE.) from Kells, on the road to Nobber ; containing 2036 inhabitants. This parish takes its name from a commandery of Knights of St. John of Jerusalem, founded by Walter de Lacy in the reign of Richard L, which was a cell to that of Kilmainham, near Dublin, but of which no vestige can be traced. The area is 51S4| statute acres. The living is a rectory, in the diocese of Meath, and forms part of the union of Newtown ; the tithe rent-charge is £135 ; and the church of the union is in this parish. In the Roman Catholic divisions Kilbeg forms part of the district of Stahalniock, and contains a chapel. A school at Carlanstown is aided by Sir H. Meredyth, Bart., who gave a house and an acre of land to the master.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 14

41. Knights of St. John foundation remains at Nobber

    Nobber · town · Meath

    Considerable remains of a religious foundation, believed to have belonged to the Knights of St. John of Jerusalem, survive in the churchyard at Nobber. The site points to a medieval military order presence in the parish.

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    It is a rectory, in the diocese of Meath, appropriate to the see, and comprising, with the parish of Loughbraccan, the perpetual cure of Nobber, in the patronage of the Bishop. The tithe rent-charge is £360. 9-, the whole payable to the Bishop : the income of the perpetual curate arises from £55. 7- paid by the bishop, and from the glebe, which comprises 40 acres, valued at £70 per annum. The glebe-house was erected in 17B9, by a gift of £150 from the Board of First Fruits. The church is a plain structure, built in 1*71 by parish cess. In the Roman Catholic divisions Nobber is the head of a district, comprising this parish and that of Cruisetown, in each of which is a chapel ; that of Nobber is a neat and appropriate edifice, of modern erection, faced with hewn stone. Considerable remains of a religious foundation, supposed to have belonged to the Knights of St. John of Jerusalem, are in the churchyard ; as is also a monument of the Cruise family, of the date I6l9, erected to the memory of Gerald Cruise, of Brittas, and Margaret Pluukett, his wife. Near the town is a very large circular Danish fort, the summit of which commands an extensive prospect. Nobber is the birth-place of the celebrated Irish harper, Carolan, the last of the native bards, who was born in I67O, and became blind at a very early period of his life from the effects of the small pox.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 216

42. Knights of St. John houses at Killure and Kilbarry, with cromlech

    Kilbarry · townland · Waterford

    Remains of two houses of the Knights of St. John of Jerusalem were situated at Killure and Kilbarry respectively. Near Kilbarry there is a cromlech.

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    The oldest of the UEi.ifiiors houses was the priory of St. Catherine, founded by the Ostmen for canons of the order of St. Augustine and of the congregation of St. Victor. Its endowment and possessions were confirmed by Pope Innocent III., in 1211 ; from the terms of that confirmation it appears to have been insulated at that time. In the 3 1st of Elizabeth, its revenues were granted on lease to Elizabeth Butler, otherwise Sherlock. The abbey was situated to the south-west of the city, adjoining Lombard's marsh, and a great part of the building remained in tolerable preservation till a few years since, when it was levelled to open a way to the bridge then built over John's river ; a vaulted room and a small portion of the foundations are all that now remain. The priory of St. John the Evangelist was founded in the suburbs, in 1185, by John, Earl of Morton, afterwards King of England, for monks of the order of St. Benedict, and made a cell to the abbey of St. Peter and St. Paul, in the city of Bath. This establishment received many grants and charters from successive English monarchs, and at the close of the 15th century had vast possessions and enjoyed ample privileges, among which was the right of holding a court baron within the parish of St. John. The manor of St. John, now the property of Thomas Wyse, Esq., was for a long period held under the priors of that house by his ancestors : at the Dissolution, in 1537, it continued in the possession of the family ; and it was subsequently confirmed in capite at two knights' fees, with all tithes, privileges, royalties, and immunities, by royal charter, to Sir William Wyse, then chamberlain to Henry VIII. This charter was fully confirmed by patent in the 15th of Elizabeth. A monastery for Dominican or Black Friars, called also Friars Preachers, who were introduced into Ireland in 1226, was founded by the citizens, who for that purpose applied to Henry lil. for liberty to erect their house on a piece of ground adjoining Arundel's Castle, and on which stood the ruin>-- of an ancient tower. The establishment continued to flourish under the patronage of several monarchs ; and at the Dissolution the buildings, which were very extensive, but in a ruinous condition, were granted in capite, with some parcels of land, to James White, at an annual rent of 4s. The only existing remains are the chancel of the church and the belfry. The entrance to the former is through an arched doorway, highly ornamented with rope mouldings and surmounted by a spacious window ; the interior consists of two apartments, low and gloomy, with vaulted roofs supported on groined arches. The belfry is a lofty square tower of massive thickness, having a staircase leading to the summit, from which is obtained an interesting view, especially over the old portion of the city. A monastery for Franciscan Friars, or Friars minor, was founded in 1240 by Sir Hugh Purcell ; at the Dissolution it was purchased by Henry Walsh, who established on its site the hospital of the Holy Ghost, before noticed. There are remains of two houses of the Knights of St. John oj

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 389

43. Knights Templar building and moose-deer skeletons

    Cappagh · townland · Waterford

    Near Cappagh is an ancient building said to have belonged to the Knights Templars. Not far from Ballylemon, skeletons of several moose-deer were found while searching for marl.

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    originally built by a lady, whose tombstone was long shesvn here ; they occupy the sumniit of a lofty limestone rock, surrounded by a deep morass, the only passage across which was a narrow causeway. Near Cappagh is an ancient building, said to have belonged to the Knights Templars ; not far from Ballylemon, when searching for marl, the skeletons of several moosedeer were found. In the limestone-rocks are two extensive caverns, situated near each other. One, called Oon-na-glour, or " the pigeon hole," is divided into two chambers, through the inner of which runs a small stream that disappears at Ballymacourty and after passing through this cavern emerges from its subterraneous course at Knockane ; the larger chamber is of elliptical form, and about 150 feet in length, very beautifully ornamented with stalactites and crystallizations of various forms. The other cavern, which is called Oon-na-mort, contains numerous chambers, and has been repeatedly occupied as a place of religious retirement. Near the river Phinisk is a cavern called Oon-na-glour, about 100 feet square, the roof of which is very lofty in some parts ; there is also a small cavern at Bewley, within a very short distance.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 403

44. Knights Templar preceptory at Killure

    Killure · townland · Waterford · 1100–1603

    A preceptory of Knights Templars was founded at Killure, County Waterford, in the 12th century. It was subsequently given to the Knights Hospitallers, and after its dissolution was granted by Queen Elizabeth to Nicholas Aylmer for 50 years at an annual rent of £13. 6. 8.

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    KILLURE, a parish, in the barony of Gaultier, union and county of Waterford, and province of MuNSTER, 3 miles (S. S. E.) from Waterford, on the road to Dunmore ; containing 124 inhabitants. This parish, which in its civil relations is considered as forming part of the parish of Kill-St.-Lawrence, comprises 627 statute acres. The living, which was lately suppressed by the Ecclesiastical Commissioners, was a rectory, in the diocese of Waterford, united, with the rectory of Kill- St.-Lawrence, in 1787, to the rectories of Rossduff, Corbally, and Kilronan, together forming the union of KiUure, in the patronage of the Bishop : the commissioners now appoint a curate, to whom they allow £25 a year. The tithe rent-charge of the parish is £32. 5., and of the whole union £126: there is neither glebehouse nor glebe. A preceptory of Knights Templars was founded here in the 12th century ; it was subsequently given to the Knights Hospitallers, and after its dissolution was granted by Queen Elizabeth to Nicholas Aylmer, for 50 years, at an annual rent of £13. 6. 8.

    KILLURIN, a parish, in the barony of Suelmalier West, union and county of Wexford, and province of Leinster, 5 miles (N. E.) from Wexford, on the road from that place to Enniscorthy ; containing, with the ancient but now merged parish of Chapel-Charon, 651 inhabitants. It comprises 1873^ statute acres, which arc tolerably well cultivated. The seats are, Killurin House, the property of the Earl of Arran : Healthfield ■ 122

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 40

45. Knights Templar preceptory ruins and cromlech at Kilbarry

    Kilbarry · townland · Waterford · 1100–1199

    A preceptory of Knights Templars was founded at Kilbarry in the 12th century and later given to the Knights Hospitallers. The ruins show a dwelling-house connected with a chapel, and a very fine cromlech stands on the opposite side of the nearby marsh.

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    KILBARRY, a parish, in the ancient county of the city of Waterford, union of Waterford, and province of MuNSTER, 1 mile (S.) from Waterford, on the road to Tramore ; containing 60.5 inhabitants. A preceptory of Knights Templars was founded here in the 12th century, on the dissolution of which order it was given to the Knights Hospitallers. The ruins shew that it consisted of a dwelling-house connected with a chapel. On the opposite side of the marsh near which they stand is a very fine cromlech. The parish contains 2631 statute acres, part of which is arable, and the rest a marsh, which, being under water the greater part of the year, renders the vicinity extremely unhealthy ; it is, however, proposed to cut a canal, for the double purpose of draining it and facilitating the conveyance of agricultural produce and manure. The living is an impropriate cure, in the diocese of Waterford, and in the gift of G. L. Fox, Esq., in whom the rectory is impropriate : the tithe rent-charge is £116. .5., payable to the impropriator, who allows £5 to the curate of St. Patrick's, Waterford, for the performance of the clerical duties.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 13

46. Knights Templars build Castle Roe at Newcastle, Limerick, 1184

    Newcastle · town · Limerick · 1184–1603

    Newcastle (County Limerick), anciently called Castle Roe, derived its origin and name from a castle erected by the Knights Templars in 1184. After the suppression of the order, the castle lapsed to the crown and became the property of the Geraldines, suffering in their vicissitudes. Three battles were fought near the town during Elizabeth's reign.

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    and province of Munster, 20 miles (S. W.) from Limerick, on the road to Killarney andTralee, and 1 14 (S. W.) from Dublin J containing 4191 inhabitants, of whom 2266 are in the town, which extends into the parish of Monegay and contains altogether 2917 inhabitants. This place, anciently called Castle- Roe, derived both its origin and name from the erection of a castle here by the Knights Templars in 1184, round which, in process of time, a town was formed, that was fortified, and that ultimately obtained a charter of incorporation. After the suppression of the order, it lapsed to the crown, and, becoming the property of the Geraldines, suffered severely in the numerous vicissitudes of fortune which that powerful family underwent. During the reign of Elizabeth three battles were fought near the town. On the death of the great Earl of Desmond, the castle with the surrounding land.s escheated to the queen, who, by patent dated in 1591, granted it to Sir William Courtenay, with instructions to plant English settlers on it. It is probable that this condition was not fulfilled, as Sir William and his son were afterwards dispossessed, and a re-grant of the property was made, in 1638, to Sir George Courtenay, from whom the estates have descended to the Right Hon. the Earl of Devon, the present proprietor.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 201

47. Knights Templars castle remains at Killorglin

    Killorglin · town · Kerry

    Extensive remains of the castle of the Knights Templars survive at Killorglin, and until recently the castle was still inhabited. The castle and manor had been bestowed by the Fitzgeralds on the Knights Templars.

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    The village consists of about '200 houses, and close to it is a bridge on the great line of road ; it exports corn, salmon, and pigs, and imports iron, timber, and salt. Fairs are held on Aug. Uth and 12th, and Nov. 19th; at the first, called Puck Fair, unbroken Kerry ponies, goats, &c., are sold, and a male goat is sometimes ornamented and paraded about. The village has a receiving-house for letters in connexion with Cahirciveen, Tralee, and Newcastle ; it is a constabulary police station, and has petty-sessions monthly. A manorial court is held occasionally, for the recovery of debts under 40j. : the manor is nearly co-cxtensive with the parish, comprising 61/0^ statute acres, and descended from Captain Conway to the Blennerhassett family, from which it was purchased, in 1797, by Lord Ventry. The romantic glen of the river Cara is on the western border of this parish. The principal seats are Annagarry, Ardmoniel Cottage, Clifton Cottage, Altavilla, and Annadale. The living is a rectory, in the diocese of Ardfert and Aghadoe, and in the patronage of the Crown : the tithe reut-charge is £500, of which £300 are payable to the rector, and the remainder to the Mullins family, in whom the tithes of the manor are impropriate. The church is a plain structure with a square tower, erected on laud given by the Rev. F. Mullins, and for the building of which the late Board of First Fruits gave £800, in 1816. The glebe-house was built by means of a gift of £300 and a loan of £500 from the same Board ; the glebe consists of 1 1 acres. In the Roman Catholic divisions this parish is the head of a district, including also the whole of Knockane, except Glencare, and has a chapel, built on an acre of land given by the late Lord Ventry, and since much improved and ornamented. At Droumavalley are the ruins of a church, to which a large burial-ground is attached ; and there are remains of another old church at Dungeel -. also extensive remains of the castle of the Knights Templars, which till lately was inhabited.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 40

48. Knights Templars church ruins near Mount Russell, Kilquane

    Mount Russell · street · Limerick

    At the base of the mountain near Mount Russell in Kilquane parish, Limerick, are the remains of a church which tradition supposes belonged to an establishment of Knights Templars. Great numbers of human bones found in the parish, believed to be followers of the Earl of Desmond, were interred at Mount Coote.

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    KILQUANE, or Bali.yshonboy, a parish, in the union of Kilmallock, partly in the barony of Fermoy, county of Cork, but chiefly in the barony of Costlea, county of Limeeuck, and province of Minster, 2 miles (S.) from Kilmallock, on the road to Kilfinnan ; containing 887 inhabitants. This parish comprises 2776 statute acres : the land in the lower part is tolerably good, and some of it under tillage; but nearly one-half of the parish is mountainous and uncultivated, and the greater portion of the remainder is in demesne and meadow. The mountains form the range of Jamestown, Ballyhough, Ballyshondebuie, and Ballylopin, extending to the boundary of the county of Cork ; they every where afford good pasturage for sheep and young cattle, and comprise several hundred acres, much of which might be brought into cultivation. Among these mountains the unfortunate Earl of Desmond suffered many privations after his attainder in 1579; but the extensive woods and fore.*ts in which he took refuge, with the exception of those of Mount Coote and Riversfield, have wholly disappeared. The parish is a rectory, appropriate to the see of Limerick : the tithe rentcharge is £49. I'i., and the glebe comprises 1'2 acres. In the Roman Catholic divisions Kilquane forms part of the district of Kilmallock. Near Ballyshondehaigh is an ancient mansion, for many years the residence of the Hall family ; not far from it are the remains of extensive fortifications. At the base of the mountain near Mount Russell, are the remains of the church, which tradition supposes to have belonged to an establishment of Knights Templars. Great numbers of human bones found in this parish, and supposed to be those of the followers of the Earl of Desmond, have been collected and interred in the grounds of Mount Coote.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 51

49. Knights Templars establishment at Mungret

    Mungret · town · Limerick

    The Knights Templars had an establishment at Mungret, which upon the suppression of that order was granted to the monks of the Augustinian abbey. After the Dissolution, the greater portion of the abbey's possessions were granted to the bishop and dignitaries of the cathedral of St. Mary, Limerick.

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    MUNGRETT, a parish, in the barony of Pubble- BRiEN, union and county of Limerick, and province of Munster, 3 miles (W.) from Limerick, on the road to Adare ; containing 3293 inhabitants. An abbey is said to have been founded here in the 4th century, prior to the arrival in Munster of St. Patrick, who, it appears, placed over it St. Nessan, who died in 551. He was succeeded by St. Munchin, nephew of Bloid, King of Thomond ; who was ordered by St. Patrick, on account of his unexampled piety and extensive learning, to undertake the instruction of his converts in Connaught, and afterwards became the first bishop of Limerick. The abbey was plundered and burned by the Danes in S20, 834, and 840, and in 934 and 1080 suffered severely by fire ; it was soon restored, but was again plundered and sacked by the Danes in 1107. After its restoration from this last attack, it continued to flourish till the Dissolution, upon which the greater portion of its possessions were granted to the bishop, and dignitaries of the cathedral of St. Mary, Limerick. The Psalter of Cashel states that this monastery had within its walls six churches, and, exclusively of numerous scholars, 1500 monks, of whom 500 were learned preachers, 500 psalmists, and 500 wholly employed in spiritual exercises. The Knights Templars had also an establishment here, which, on the suppression of that order, was granted to the monks of the Augustinian abbey.

    The parish, which is bounded on the north by the river Shannon, comprises 6149 statute acres ; the greater part of the laud is under tillage, and towards the Shan-

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 190

50. Knights Templars preceptory at Killerrig

    Killerrig · townland · Carlow · 1199–1216

    A preceptory of Knights Templars was founded at Killerrig in the reign of King John by Gilbert de Bocard. After the suppression of that order, it was granted to the Knights Hospitallers, and at the general dissolution to Sir Gerard Aylmer.

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    KILBARRY, a parish, in the ancient county of the city of Waterford, union of Waterford, and province of MuNSTER, 1 mile (S.) from Waterford, on the road to Tramore ; containing 60.5 inhabitants. A preceptory of Knights Templars was founded here in the 12th century, on the dissolution of which order it was given to the Knights Hospitallers. The ruins shew that it consisted of a dwelling-house connected with a chapel. On the opposite side of the marsh near which they stand is a very fine cromlech. The parish contains 2631 statute acres, part of which is arable, and the rest a marsh, which, being under water the greater part of the year, renders the vicinity extremely unhealthy ; it is, however, proposed to cut a canal, for the double purpose of draining it and facilitating the conveyance of agricultural produce and manure. The living is an impropriate cure, in the diocese of Waterford, and in the gift of G. L. Fox, Esq., in whom the rectory is impropriate : the tithe rent-charge is £116. .5., payable to the impropriator, who allows £5 to the curate of St. Patrick's, Waterford, for the performance of the clerical duties.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi

51. Knights Templars preceptory at Templepatrick

    Templepatrick · townland · Antrim

    Templepatrick is said to have derived its name from a preceptory of Knights Templars established here at a very early period. Nothing is recorded of its foundation or history.

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    TEMPLEPATRICK, a parish, partly in the barony of Lower, but chiefly in that of LTpper, Belfast, union and county of Antrim, and province of Ulster, 4 miles (E. by S.) from Antrim, and on the road from Belfast to Londonderry ; containing 3559 inhabitants, of whom 194 are in the village. This place is said to have derived its name from a preceptory of Knights Templars established here at a very early period ; but of its foundation or its history nothing is recorded. The whole parish, in form nearly triangular, and comprising also within its limits the ancient parishes of Carn

    TEMP

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 325

52. Knights Templars preceptory founded at Kilsaran by Matilda de Lacy

    Kilsaran · townland · Louth · 1100–1483

    A preceptory of Knights Templars was founded at Kilsaran, County Louth, in the 12th century by Matilda de Lacy, and was later granted to the Knights Hospitallers during the reign of Edward II. In 1483, Keating, prior of Kilmainham, appointed Marmaduke Lomley as preceptor, but later imprisoned him, where he died of a broken heart.

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    KILSARAN, or Kilsorran, a parish, in the union and barony of Ardee, county of Lovth, and province of Leinster, on the coach-road from Dublin to Belfast J containing, with the parish of Gernonstown and the post-town of Castle-Bclhnghara, 2098 inhabitants. A preceptory of Knights Templars was founded here in the 12th century by Matilda de Lacy, and was granted, in the reigu of Edward II., to the Knights Hospitallers. In 1483, Keating, prior of Kilmainham, appointed Marmaduke Lomley preceptor, but some time after threw him into prison, where he died of a broken heart. The parish comprises 3393^ statute acres : the land is of superior quality, and chiefly under a good system of tillage ; there is neither waste nor bog. The surrounding scenery is pleasingly diversified, and embellished with several handsome seats, among which are Milestown, Greenmount, Maine, and Kilsaran. The living is a rectory, in the diocese of Armagh, united by statute of the g'th of Anne, cap. 12, to the rectory of Gernonstown, and in the patronage of J. MClintock, Esq. : the tithe rent- charge of this parish is £240. 18. 7- ; and the value of the whole union, including glebe, £3S5. 16. 10.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 55

53. Knights Templars preceptory ruins at Lanesborough

    Lanesborough · town · Longford

    At Lanesborough are the ruins of a collegiate church, or preceptory, originally founded by the Knights Templars. The ruins survive as a notable antiquity of the area.

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    original buildings remain, and their actual site is matter of doubt. At Lanesborough are the ruins of a collegiate church, or preceptory, originally founded by the Knights Templars. The remains of ancient castles are not so numerous here as in most of the other level counties. Granard Castle is built on a hill rising to a considerable height above the town, and commanding an extensive view over all the flat country. Besides Castle Forbes, the Forbes family had a fortified mansion at Longford, which was burned by the O'Nials in 160.5. At Tenellick is the ruin of a strong castle, and near Ballymahon are the remains of two others. There are still remains of Rathcline Castle, the chief residence of the O'Cuins ; and, not far from it, the ruins of a very ancient church. At Ballymahon was a strong castle erected to defend the ford of the Inny, the only traces of which are the cellars, under a house built on its ruins. Barnacor Castle and Lot's Castle, on the Inny, on the opposite banks, were both erected to protect the important pass or ford of that river ; and at Castlecor are some remains of its ancient fortress. Fossil remains of various kinds have been discovered in the limestone caverns and fissures ; many of them are of animals unknown in these regions, and several of species now extinct in Ireland. The bones and horns of the elk have been dug up in the marl at the foot of the Escars, and beneath several of the bogs ; also, in a small lake near Ballinalee the antlers and bones of the red-deer are often found quite sound, having been preserved by the antiseptic properties of the bog-water.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 107

54. Knockaderry House, ancient seat of the D'Arcy family

    Knockaderry · townland · Limerick

    Not far from Knockaderry village stood Knockaderry House, the ancient seat of the D'Arcy family, pleasantly situated beneath the shelter of a hill and surrounded by thriving plantations.

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    KNOCKADERRY, a village, in the parish of Clo- NELTY, union of Rathkeale, barony of GLENauiN, county of Limerick, and province of Munster, 4 miles (N. E.) from Newcastle, on the road to Ballingarry ; containing 73 houses, and 366 inhabitants. Fairs are held on Ascension-day, Sept. 9th, Oct. 29th, and Dec. 1 9th, for cattle, sheep, and pigs. Not far from the village is Knockaderry House, the ancient seat of the D'Arcy family ; it is pleasantly situated beneath the shelter of a hill, and surrounded by thriving plantations. There is a Roman Catholic chapel in the village ; also a national school.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 60

55. Knock and Breda united after 1658

    near Newtownbreda · population centre · Down · 1658–1747

    Previously to 1658 there were two separate parishes called Knock and Breda, both rectories, but the church of the latter being in ruins they were united into one rectory at the restoration of Charles II. A parish church was built in 1747 in the village of Newtown-Breda.

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    Previously to 1658 there were two separate parishes, called respectively Knock and Breda, and both rectories ; but the church of the latter being in ruins, they were united into one rectory at the restoration of Charles II. The two villages long since disappeared, and a parish church was in 1747 built in the village of Newtown-Breda, iL-hich see. The rectory is in the diocese of Down, and in the patronage of Sir R. Bateson, who purchased the advowsou in 1825 ; the tithe rent-charge is £439. 14. The glebe-house was built in 1816, by a gift of £100 and a loan of £825 from the Board of First Fruits : the glebe comprises nearly 20 statute acres. Ballymacarrett was formerly in this parish, but was separated by act of parliament in 1825, and made a distinct parish, by permission of the Rev. John Kinahan, the rector, who had a church built by subscription, and endowed the minister with £50 per annum out of the tithes of Knockbreda, which sum was afterwards augmented by the Board of First Fruits to £100 : the living is in the gift of the Rector for the time being. There are places of worship for Presbyterians in connexion with the General Assembly, and Covenanters. Six almshouses, built by subscription in 1810, were endowed with £100 by the Rev. Mr. Pratt, late rector, who also bequeathed £100 to the poor; to whom Lady JNIidleton, in 1747, had left £50. On an eminence near the southeastern extremity of the parish, are the picturesque ruins of Knock church ; and near them are the remains of a cromlech, consisting of five large stones ; and a Danish rath of conical form. Of Breda church there are no remains, except the cemetery inclosed with a high stone wall in Belvoir Park, in which is a small mausoleum built by Arthur Hill Trevor, who was created Viscount Dungannon in 1765.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 61

56. Knockane church burnt in 1822 disturbances

    Knockane · townland · Kerry · 1812–1825

    The parish church of Knockane, originally built in 1812 with a grant from the Board of First Fruits, was burnt during the disturbances of 1822 and rebuilt in 1825 with a loan from the Board of Public Works.

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    The LIVING is a rectory, in the diocese of Ardfert and Aghadoe, and in the patronage of the Crown ; the tithe rent-charge is £198 : the glebe-house was built in 1825, by a gift of £300 and a loan of £500 from the Board of First Fruits, in 18'28 : there is a glebe of 20 acres. The church, a plain structure with a square tower, was originally built in 1812, by a gift of £800 from the same Board ; but, having been burnt during the disturbances in 1822, was rebuilt in 1825, by a loan of £240 from the Board of Public Works. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish, with the exception of Glencare, forms part of the district of Killorglin ; there is a chapel at Tuagh, and another at Glencare, which latter is in the district of Glcnbegh. At Cullina are two national schools, towards the erection of the house for which the late Colonel Mahony bequeathed £100, and Kean Mahony, Esq., gives two acres of land towards their support. Near Churchtown are the ruins of Castle Cor, formerly the residence of the iNI'^Gillycuddy family. Some remains exist of the old church, in the burialground ; and at Kilgobbinett and Killoghane are those of other churches, or chapels of ease, the latter of which was dependent on Castle Cor. In the reign of Elizabeth, Glencare gave the title of Earl to Donald Mac Carty More, by whose descendants it was forfeited.

    KNOCKANEY.— See A.nev.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 60

57. Knockanure church ruins and burial ground

    Knockanure · parish · Kerry · 1607

    The ruins of the old parish church of Knockanure still exist within the burial-ground. The rectory was granted by James I in 1607 to Sir James Fullerton and is now impropriate in Anthony Stoughton, Esq.

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    KNOCKANURE, a parish, in the union of Lis- TOWEL, barony of Iraghtico.vnor, county of Kerry, and province of Minster, 4 miles (E. by .N.) from Listowel, and on the river Feale ; containing 1358 inhabitants. This parish, which is situated on the confines of the county of Limerick, comprises 5950 statute acres ; about one-half consists of good arable land, and the remainder of coarse mountain pasture and bog. The only seat is Riversdale. The pari-^h is in the diocese of Ardfert and Aghadoe : the rectory, which in I6O7 was granted by James I. to Sir James Fullerton, is now impropriate in Anthony Stoughton, Esq. ; the vicarage forms part of the union of Aghavillin, also called the union of Listowel. Of the tithe rent-charge, amounting to £58. 16. 11., two-thirds are payable to the impropriator, and the remainder to the vicar. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish is part of the district of Newtownsandes ; the chapel, at Knockanure, is a small thatched building. The ruins of the church still exist, in the burial-ground.

    KNOC

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 60

58. Knockanure hill: grey sandstone boundary of limestone basin

    Knockanure · parish · Kerry

    Knockanure hill, about 700 feet high, is composed of grey sandstone and forms the northern boundary of a great limestone basin in north Kerry. The junction on that side is concealed by a deep cover of clayey loam.

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    The Geology is interesting. The western portion of the NORTH of the county, which has been already described as lying low, is a great limestone basin, the eastern boundary of which is formed by o line from Knockanure hill southward to Listowel, and thence south-westerly to Ardfert, where it sinks under the ocean in Ballyheigue bay. This limestone is secondary, with marine remains and calc-spar, usually of a light blue or smoke-grey colour ; it seldom rises more than forty or fifty feet above high water, appearing sometimes in crags and low cliffs, but mostly concealed by a cover of yellow clay. Its northern boundary, the hill of Knockanure, about 700 feet high, is composed of grey sandstone ; the junction on that side is every where concealed by a deep cover of clayey loam. To the west of that liill, the contiguous rock sinks under the level of the ocean, and permits the tide to enter the mouth of the Cashen, the navigation of which is obstructed by sand-hills ; but these, being partly calcareous, afford a useful supply of manure to the upper country. From the Cashen to Kerry Head, as already observed, stretches

    KERR

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 10

59. Knockanure mountain with Shannon views

    Knockanure · parish · Kerry

    Knockanure mountain, 665 feet above sea level, is partly in the parish of Kilconly. From its summit an extensive view of the Shannon is obtained, with pleasing shores in the vicinity.

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    KILCONLY, a parish, in the unioQ of Listowel, barony of Iraghticonnor, county of Kerry, and province of Munster, IO5 miles (W. by S.) from Tarbert, and on the southern shore of the estuary or mouth of the Shannon ; containing '2210 inhabitants. Near the shore are the ruins of the ancient castles of Beale and Lick, the former of which (designated " Beau-lieu " in the Pacata Hibernia) was once a residence of the earls of Kerry. In 1600 its fortifications were demolished by Patrick, the then earl : in the same j'ear the brave Maurice Stack, one of Queen Elizabeth's officers in the desultory war then carried on, was invited here by the earl's lady and treacherously murdered by her attendants. A dangerous bar, or quicksand, extends about a mile north from Beale Point, and nearly opposite Carrigaholt bay. The parish comprises 57-12 statute acres; 1S8 are coarse pasture, 114 bog, and the remainder arable land, for manuring which sea-weed and sand are generally used. The mountain of Knockanure, 665 feet above the level of the sea, is partly in this parish ; from its summit an extensive view is obtained of the Shannon, the shores of which are in this vicinity extremely pleasing. The parish is in the diocese of Ardfert and Aghadoe : it is a rectory and vicarage, forming part of the corps of the treasurership of Ardfert ; the tithe rent-charge is £&1. 6., and there are two glebes, containing together about four acres. In the Roman Catholic divisions Kilconly forms part of the district of Lisseltin. Near the ruins of Lick Castle is a columnar cliff, called by the peasantry the " Devil's Castle," and inaccessible except to sea-fowl; its summit is sometimes frequented by eagles. In the vicinity are several caves, formed by the dashing of the waves against the cliffs.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 16

60. Knock argillaceous clay deposit

    Knock · townland · Meath

    At Knock in Morgallion barony, an argillaceous clay containing a portion of iron was found, adapted for the coarser kinds of earthenware. Coarse pottery, bricks, and tiles were manufactured in and around Knock.

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    part of the county except the west, and from the number of timber-trees planted as hedge-rows, the country in general has a very furnished appearance, much resembling the county of Worcester or Hereford in England. Oak timber is scarce ; but beech, elm, ash, poplar, sycamore, and alder are so abundant that, after supplying the local demand, much is sent to other counties : there are several nurseries of considerable extent, and many osieries of from two to ten acres each, the produce of which is mostly worked at home, and the remainder bought by the Dublin basket-makers. The quantity of waste and unprofitable ground in the county is extremely small. Commons are in general attached to the corporate towns for the use of the inhabitants. In consequence of the small quantity of bog compared with the extent and population of the county, fuel is extremely scarce, and the poor suffer much from the want of it. Some large proprietors, in order to relieve their tenants, and to prevent depredations upon their fences and plantations, are particularly careful to have their ditches sown with French furze. The deficiency of fuel is also supplied by the importation of coal, chiefly from Drogheda, by the Boyne navigation. In the neighbourhood of that town, and along the line of navigation, the labourer often stipulates for a ton of coal in part payment ; and, when near bogs, the turf is sometimes drawn home for him by his employer. Geologically, the county forms part of the great limestone field of Ireland, that mineral constituting its general substratum, except in its northern part, where the clay-slate formation is found ; in the western, where basalt is found mixed with the clay-slate, in some places rising in bare rocks, in others scattered over the surface in detached masses ; and on the line of sea-coast, which is formed of transition rock. At Ardbraccan the limestone is of a fine white grain, capable of being worked into any form. The beds lie horizontally, and are of considerable thickness ; the stone is susceptible of a high polish, assuming a grey tinge when finished, though appearing white under the chisel : tombstones and doorcases made of it are sent to a great distance. The seam of rock extends to the Blackwater, but the quarries opened in other parts do not afford blocks of such scantling as at Ardbraccan. The works are also much impeded by the difficulty of keeping the quarries free from water. In Slane barony is a fine quarry of vitrescent stone, which makes excellent flagstones, but does not take a high polish. It has been conjectured that coal exists in the same barony, in consequence Of the appearances that exhibit themselves where the edges of mineral strata are laid open by the washing away of the surface soil ; but the position of the layers presents an obstacle that has hitherto prevented the search from being prosecuted with any prospect of success. A vein of copper has been found near the banks of the Boyne, the analysis of which gave 21 parts of copper from 120 of ore ; but from the difficulty of keeping the workings clear of water, it has not been profitably explored. At Knock, in Morgallion barony, is an argillaceous clay containing a portion of iron, and adapted for the coarser kinds of earthenware ; and there is a vein of potters'- clay, of superior quality, at Dunshaughlm. Petrifactions are found in the caverns and fissures of the limestone districts, and some very brilliant spars and crystals in the Nanny water, particularly near the Diamond rock.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 149