A topographical dictionary of Ireland : comprising the several counties; cities; boroughs; corporate, market and post towns; parishes; and villages, with historical and statistical descriptions embellished with engravings of the arms of the cities, bishopricks, corporate towns, and boroughs ; and of the seals of the several municipal corporations .. (vol. 2)

Each story keeps the passage it was read from. Open one to read it as the scan has it, and, where the companion has written its own telling, that too. The passages are read off photographs of the page by machine, so a word here and there comes out wrong; they are kept as the reading produced them, so you can check any of them against the scan.

1. New Ross court-house of hewn granite erected 1810

   New Ross · town · Wexford · 1810

   The court-house in New Ross is a handsome structure of hewn granite, erected in 1810 at the angle of two principal streets. It is built on piers with arches springing from them and is surmounted by a tower and cupola; the area within the piers was originally intended for a corn-market but came to be used for the sale of leather.

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   New Ross first returned members in 13/4, and continued to send two till the Union, when the number was reduced to one, which has been continued under the act of the Snd of William IV., cap. 88. The number of electors in 1845, was 277, of whom 270 were £10 householders, and 7 freemen. The electoral boundary is much more limited than that of the borough under its charter, on the Wexford side ; but includes the village of Rossbercon, on the Kilkenny side of the river. The court-house, in which the business of the Town Commissioners is transacted, is a handsome structure of hewn granite, erected in 1810, at the angle formed by two of the principal streets ; it is built on piers with arches springing from them and surmounted by a tower and cupola : the area within the piers was originally intended for a corn-market, but being found too confined for the trade of the town, it has been used for the sale of leather. The Easter and Michaelmas sessions for the district are held in the town, and pettysessions once a fortnight ; the sessions-house, completed in 1832 at an expense of £1334, defrayed by the county, forms a neat building ; the bridewell comprises two day-rooms, seven cells, and two airing-yards, and is in very good order.

   The entire parish of St. Mary's, New Ross, contains 4922 statute acres. The environs of the town are embellished with many elegant seats and fine demesnes, among which are, Oaklands ; Talbot Hall, the seat of the Talbot family ; Macmurrough, part of an estate which was the property of Dermod Mac Murrough, King of Leinster ; Woodville ; Maryville ; Stokestown ; and Roseniount. The approaches to the town from the north and east have been much improved by the formation of two roads, by which the steep ascents from those points are avoided. The living is a vicarage, in 490

   Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 264

2. New Ross first charter from Roger Bigod

   New Ross · town · Wexford · 1272–1307

   New Ross obtained its first charter from Roger Bigod, Earl of Norfolk and marshal of England, in the reign of Edward I, conferring privileges as extensive as those enjoyed by the burgesses of any town in Leinster and making it a free port. These rights were confirmed by successive charters from subsequent kings.

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   The town obtained its first charter from Roger Bigod, Earl of Norfolk and marshal of England, in the reign of Edward I. ; pri\ ileges w ere then conferred upon it as extensive as those enjoyed by the burgesses of any town in Leinster, and it was made a free port. These rights were confirmed by a number of successive charters from subsequent kings till the reign of James I., whose grant was, at the dissolution of the corporate body by

   3 R

   Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 264

3. New Ross founded by Isabella, daughter of Strongbow

   New Ross · town · Wexford

   Camden states that the town was founded by Isabella, daughter of Strongbow and consort of William le Mareschal, Earl of Pembroke, who held it in right of his wife. A charter of Roger Bigod in the reign of Edward I. referenced the pre-existing castle of Old Ross.

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   age of which were demonstrated by the ruins and walls remaining in his time (about 16'20). Camden says that the town was founded by Isabella, daughter of Strongbow and consort of William le Mareschal, afterwards Earl of Pembroke, who held it in right of his wife. The charter granted to it by Roger Bigod, in the reign of Edward I., directs that the provost, when elected, should be presented to him and his heirs at the castle of Old Ross, or, in case of absence, to their seneschal in the town of New Ross ; thus shewing the pre-existence of the town. It afterwards acquired the name of Rossponte or Rosspontum, from the circumstance of a bridge having been built over the river here.

   Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 263

4. New Ross Grammar School founded 1713 by Sir John Ivory

   New Ross · town · Wexford · 1713–1791

   The Grammar School in New Ross was founded in 1713 by Sir John Ivory, who bequeathed his mansion, offices, and gardens to the corporation and the vicar of St. Mary's in trust for instructing four poor boys in Latin and Greek. The school-house was re-erected in 1791 at the expense of the corporation.

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   The Grammar School was founded in 1713 by Sir John Ivory, Knight, who bequeathed his mansion, offices, and gardens to the corporation and the vicar of St. Mary's, in trust, for the maintenance of a master to instruct four poor boys, the sons of members of the Established Church, in Latin and Greek. The school-house is a handsome and commodious building, re-erected with suitable offices, in 1791, at the expense of the corporation, and is capable of accommodating a considerable number of boarders and day-scholars. The school of the Friends of Education, built in 1799 by subscription, consists of a central structure and two wings, containing schools for each sex and apartments for the teachers ; it is aided by a legacy of £3. 3. per annum by the late Mrs. Paul, and another of £10 per annum Irish, chargeable on a farm called Creken, during the existing lease, bequeathed by the late Mr. John Hughes. An infants' school, capable of affording instruction to 100 children, has been established in connexion with this school. Contiguous to the Roman Catholic chapel are spacious school-rooms for 300 boys, who are instructed on the Lancasterian plan ; and the ladies of the Carmelite convent superin-

   ROSS

   Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 264

5. New Ross sessions-house completed 1832

   New Ross · town · Wexford · 1832

   The sessions-house in New Ross was completed in 1832 at an expense of £1334 defrayed by the county. The bridewell adjacent comprises two day-rooms, seven cells, and two airing-yards, and is in very good order.

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   New Ross first returned members in 13/4, and continued to send two till the Union, when the number was reduced to one, which has been continued under the act of the Snd of William IV., cap. 88. The number of electors in 1845, was 277, of whom 270 were £10 householders, and 7 freemen. The electoral boundary is much more limited than that of the borough under its charter, on the Wexford side ; but includes the village of Rossbercon, on the Kilkenny side of the river. The court-house, in which the business of the Town Commissioners is transacted, is a handsome structure of hewn granite, erected in 1810, at the angle formed by two of the principal streets ; it is built on piers with arches springing from them and surmounted by a tower and cupola : the area within the piers was originally intended for a corn-market, but being found too confined for the trade of the town, it has been used for the sale of leather. The Easter and Michaelmas sessions for the district are held in the town, and pettysessions once a fortnight ; the sessions-house, completed in 1832 at an expense of £1334, defrayed by the county, forms a neat building ; the bridewell comprises two day-rooms, seven cells, and two airing-yards, and is in very good order.

   The entire parish of St. Mary's, New Ross, contains 4922 statute acres. The environs of the town are embellished with many elegant seats and fine demesnes, among which are, Oaklands ; Talbot Hall, the seat of the Talbot family ; Macmurrough, part of an estate which was the property of Dermod Mac Murrough, King of Leinster ; Woodville ; Maryville ; Stokestown ; and Roseniount. The approaches to the town from the north and east have been much improved by the formation of two roads, by which the steep ascents from those points are avoided. The living is a vicarage, in 490

   Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 264

6. New Ross: ten-hour rebel assault repulsed in 1798

   New Ross · town · Wexford · 1798

   A few days after the occupation of Wexford, insurgents attacked New Ross but were repulsed on all sides with considerable loss after ten hours of hard fighting. The defeat contributed to the displacement of the rebel commander Beauchamp Bagenal Harvey.

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   the garrison of the latter place, the insurgents moved upon that also ; and the garrison made a hasty retreat to Waterford. At this time a camp was formed at Vinegar hill, in the immediate vicinity of Enniscorthy, which was the head-quarters of the insurgent army during its short existence. The possession of Wexford gave occasion to the slaughter of many of the loyalists who had not been able to effect a timely escape, and also of several of the prisoners brought in from time to time ; nor were these atrocities without their counterpart in the excesses of the royalist soldiery. At the commencement of hostilities, Beauchamp Bagaal Harvey, Esq., a Protestant gentlemen of the county, who had long signalised himself as an advocate of the people, and an enemy to the measures of the Irish government, had been chosen general. A few days subsequently to the occupation of Wexford, the insurgents attacked the town of New Ross, but after ten hours' hard fighting they were repulsed on all sides with considerable loss ; shortly afterwards Harvey was superseded, and the command was given to a Roman Catholic clergyman named Roche. The royal forces which had been collecting from various parts now made a simultaneous attack from all sides on the position of Vinegar hill, which was taken with little difhculty, and the main body of insurgents forced to retreat. The recapture of Wexford immediately followed, and a fresh torrent of blood was poured forth in the punishment of numbers engaged in the rebellion, which was thus terminated in this district, except in the lingering efforts of detached parties.

   Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 393

7. New Ross town and Ross river situation

   New Ross · town · Wexford

   New Ross is beautifully situated on the side of a hill declining precipitously to the Ross river, formed by the Nore and Barrow which unite about one mile to the north. The steep descent rendered communication between upper and lower parts extremely inconvenient.

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   The TOWN is beautifully situated on the side of a hill declining so precipitously to the Ross river (formed by the Nore and Barrow, which unite about one mile to the north,) as to render the communication between the upper and lower parts extremely inconvenient. Some of the principal streets run nearly parallel with the river, and are intersected by others at right angles ; minor streets and lanes diverge from these in several directions: the total number of houses is 11*3. The place is well supplied with water; the streets are lighted with gas by contract under the Municipal Commissioners. The general appearance of the town for some years did not indicate an increase of prosperity, a circumstance attributed to the difficulty of obtaining land on leases of sufficient duration to encourage building; but witliin the last few years there has been a visible improvement, several new houses having been built. The want of a bridge, after the destruction of the old one in 1643, was supplied by a ferry until the latter part of the last century, when a company incorporated by act of parliament raised a sum of £11, "200, by means of shares ; and a bridge was constructed by Mr. E. Co.x, the architect of Londonderry, Watcrford, and 'Wexford bridges, of American oak. Its length, including a causeway of fifty yards on the Kilkenny side of the river, is 508 feet, and it is 40 feet broad ; it rests on 24 sets of piers, and has a drawbridge to admit the passage of large vessels into the part of the river above the town. The bridge was much injured by a severe frost in 1814; the footways were consequently removed, and have not since been replaced. The tolls, which are let annually, produce on an average £S00 per annum. This bridge connects the town with the village of Rossbercon, formerly a borough of itself, but now included within the electoral boundary of New Ross. A quay extends from the end of the bridge, nearly a quarter of a mile, along the eastern side of the river. On the site of an ancient church in a retired part of the town, is a cavalry barrack, a plain building containing accommodation for 3 officers, 5'2 men. Vol. II.— 439

   Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 264

8. Newry Abbey dissolved and granted to Sir Nicholas Bagnal

   near Newry · town · Down · 1540–1553

   The ancient monastery of Newry, after flourishing under successive kings, was dissolved during the reign of Henry VIII. Edward VI granted the abbey and all its possessions to Sir Nicholas Bagnal, who thereby acquired lay episcopal jurisdiction over the area.

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   monastery already noticed, which, after having risen to a great height of prosperity by the fostering care of many successive kings, underwent the fate of all the other monastic institutions during the reign of Henry VIII. After the Dissolution it was converted into a. collegiate church for secular priests, which having soon fallen to decay, the abbey, with all its possessions, was granted by Edward VI. to Sir Nicholas Bagnal, in as free, full, and ample a manner as it had been enjoyed by any abbot. Hence, the episcopal jurisdiction previously exercised by its clerical head devolved at once upon its new proprietor, whose representative, the Earl of Kilmorcy, exercises it to its fullest extent, as lay abbot ; appointing spiritual officers, holding ecclesiastical courts, granting probates of wills and licences of marriage, and performing every other episcopal act with as plenary power as any bishop. The living is a donative, in the patronage of the Earl of Kilmorey, as lay abbot, who possesses the whole tithes. St. Patrick's church, built by Sir Nicholas Bagnal in 1.5/8, burnt in the civil wars, and restored after the Revolution, was originally the parochial church; but, in 1811, being much dilapidated and too small for the increasing congregation, an act was obtained under the provisions of which a new church was built on an enlarged scale and on a new site, called the parish church of St. Mary's, Newry. This church, in the Gothic style, with a tower and spire 190 feet high, was finished in 1819, at a cost of £1'2,566 British currency, exclusively of £"2469 expended in the purchase of the site, and in obtaining two acts of parliament. The funds for liquidating these charges arose from a bequest of £3138 from the late W. Needham, Esq., lord of the manor ; a bequest of £1346 from Sir Trevor Corry ; a donation of £923 from the Earl of Kilmorey; a donation of £461 from General Needham ; £'2520 raised by the sale of the pews ; and the remainder by parochial assessment. It is endowed with £300 per annum, payable by the lay abbot in lieu of tithe. In 18'29, the old church of St. Patrick was repaired and fitted up as a chapel of ease : the living is a chaplaincy or donative, in the gift of the Earl of Kilmorey, who endowed it with £100 per annum, subject to the pecuUar jurisdiction of the vicar-general of Newry.

   Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 212

9. Newry as birthplace of Jarlath MacTrien and Dr. Parry

   near Newry · town · Down · 465–1647

   Newry is said to have been the birthplace of Jarlath MacTrien, prior of Armagh in 465, and of Dr. Parry, who was raised to the bishopric of Killaloe in 1647.

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   The Mendicity Association, established in 1820, is now merged in the workhouse. The late William Needham, Esq., in 1806, bequeathed £50 per annum for 50 years to the poor of the parish : this, as well as a bequest of £30 per annum, by the late W. Ogle, Esq., to the poor, and another of the same amount from the late Mr. Wright, is given in equal shares to the vicar, the parish priest, and the Presbyterian minister, for the paupers of their respective congregations. The interest of £2000, bequeathed by Sir Trevor Corry, is distributed among poor housekeepers. A savings' bank was founded in 1821, and a very elegant and commodious building was erected for it a short time since, at a cost of £2500 : the deposits, at the close of the year 1845, amounted to £99,000. There are six almshouses, erected at the expense of the Rev. J. Pullen, vicargeneral, without any endowment attached to them ; the inmates are appointed by the vicar of Nesvry. The union workhouse, on a site of seven acres purchased for £972, was completed in 1841, at a cost of £7100, and is constructed for 1000 inmates. Among the more remarkable relics of antiquity may be noticed a large and perfect rath, about li mile from the town, on the Rathiriland road, called Crown Rath. It is an earthwork, 112 feet high, nearly circular at the base, which measures 585 feet in circumference, with a flat top of oblong form ; and is surrounded by a fosse 20 feet broad and 10 deep. On the south side of the fosse is a square platform, surrounded with an intrenchment, the glacis of which declines towards the old ford of the river. Many other remains of forts, and many cromlechs, are to be found in various parts. Newry is said to have been the birthplace of Jarlath MacTrien, prior of Armagh in 465 ; also of Dr. Parry, who was raised to the bishopric of Killaloe in 1647. It gives the inferior title of Viscount to the Earl of Kilmorey.

   Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 212

10. Newry assembly, news, and coffee rooms built 1794

    near Newry · town · Down · 1794

    The assembly, news, and coffee rooms in Newry were built by subscription in 1794. The assembly-rooms are spacious and elegant, and the news-room is well furnished with newspapers and periodical publications.

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    terraces and detached villas have been built. At the north end of the town is a fine monument to the memory of the late Trevor Corry, Esq. Among the bridges, already noticed, is one of a single arch of elegant proportions, called Needham bridge ; and an iron swivel-bridge is about to be thrown across the canal, which, when completed, will open a communication from the Monaghan road to the very centre of the town. A new bridge is also about to be built leading from Mill-street to Ballybot. The assembly, news, and coffee rooms were built by subscription in 1794 ; the assembly-rooms are spacious and elegant ; the news-room is well furnished with newspapers and periodical publications, and is open on the most liberal terms to strangers : the offices of the Commissioners of Police are in this building. Two newspapers are published here, one three times and the other twice in the week : a branch of the Bank of Ireland has been for some time established, and in 1S46 branches of the Provincial Bank and the Belfast Banking Company were opened. A barrack affords accommodation for 44 officers and 67O non-commissioned officers and privates of infantry, and 10 horses, with an hospital for 30 or 40 patients.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 208

11. Newry burned by Duke of Berwick, 1689

    near Newry · town · Down · 1689

    In 1689 the Duke of Berwick burned Newry during his retreat from Duke Schomberg, leaving only the castle and six houses standing. The town had previously recovered after the Restoration and flourished until this destruction.

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    Lignn ; it was also named Na-Yiir, and at a still later period. The Newry s. The charter of Mac Loughlin was renewed and enlarged by Hugh de Lacy, Earl of Ulster, in 1237, and the head of the house was made a mitred abbot, with episcopal jurisdiction within the precincts of the lordship. When Sir John de Courcy took possessicra of this district, he secured the pass (justly considered as very important, being the only road through the mountains between Ulster and Leinster,) by a castle, which was destroyed by Bruce, on the retreat of the Scotch after their defeat at Dundalk in 1318. After several changes of masters, during which the place was frequently in the possession of the O'Nials, chieftains of Ulster, a second castle was built in 1480, which was demolished by Shane O'Nial, who then held a strong castle at Feedom, now Fathom. Marshal Bagnal restored the castle, rebuilt the town, and peopled it with Protestant settlers; for which James I., in 1613, had granted the entire lordship, together with the manors of Mourne, Greencastle, and Carlingford, in fee to him and his heirs for ever. At the breaking out of the civil war in 1641, Sir Con Magennis took the town and castle, destroyed the church, and slew many of the inhabitants. It was shortly after recovered by Lord Conway, who however did not hold it long, as O'Nial surprised it by night, and regained possession. In 1 64'2, Munroe invested the town, and took it by storm. After the Restoration, Newry recovered from the sufferings inflicted on it, and continued to flourish till 1689, when it was burned by the Duke of Berwick in his retreat from Duke Schomberg : the castle and six houses only remained.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 207

12. Newry gas works established 1822

    near Newry · town · Down · 1822

    Gas works were established by a company in Newry in 1822 to light the streets and public buildings, marking a significant civic improvement.

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    The TOWN is advantageously situated on the Newry water. The western part, called Ballybot and sometimes Southwark, in Armagh county, is connected with the eastern, in the county of Down, by four stone bridges, and four swivel-bridges across the Newry canal, which runs close to and parallel with the river. The general appearance of the place, as seen from without, is cheerful and prepossessing ; and the old town, on the eastern side, situated on the slope of a hill, with its church spire rising above the houses, leads to an expectation of a correspondence of character in the interior ; but the reverse is the case. Like those of other old towns, the streets are narrow, precipitous, and inconvenient. But the modern part of the town, generally called " the Low Ground," is very elegant ; the houses lofty, and built of granite ; the streets wide, well formed, and paved, with flagged footways. Marcus-square, with several lines of new buildings, presents good specimens of domestic architecture. A great number of excellent springs issuing from the rocks eastward of the town, and more than 200 wells, have been formed in various parts ; but no artificial means have yet been adopted to provide a supply of water on a scale commensurate with the domestic and manufacturing demands of the population : this want, however, will very soon be supplied. The streets and pubUc buildings are lighted with gas, supplied by works established by a company in 1822. Much has been done within the last few years to improve the general appearance of the town and neighbourhood : a new line of road has been opened, and an excellent approach formed from Warren Point, where the river expands into Carlingford bay ; the north road has been widened and improved, and several very handsome

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 207

13. Newry made a free borough by James I, 1612

    near Newry · town · Down · 1612–1688

    A charter of the 10th of James I. (1612) made Newry a free borough, granting the provost and 12 free burgesses power to send two members to parliament. A later charter by James II in 1688 was deemed invalid.

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    The flourishing state of Newry may be attributed originally to the favour shewn by Edward VI. to Marshal Bagnal. The abbey and surrounding territory were granted to Bagnal, with very extensive privileges, in consequence of his services in Ulster, and were continued to him by James I., vesting the ecclesiastical and municipal authority in the proprietor, who, by virtue of these grants, appointed the vicar-general, seneschal, and other inferior officers. A charter of the 10th of James I. (1612) made the town a free borough, by the name of " the Provost, Free Burgesses, and Commonalty of the Borough of Newry ;" granting the provost and 12 free burgesses the power of sending two members to parliament ; and making the provost judge of a court of record, to be held weekly on Mondays, with jurisdiction to the amount of five marks. A charter granted by James II., in 1688, is not considered to be of any validity. A grant of James I., in 1613, to Arthur Bagnal, empowered a court to be held before the seneschal of the manor, for pleas to the amount of 100 marks : the jurisdiction of this court extends over the borough, and a number of other townlands in Down and Armagh, comprehending 9664 acres in the former, and 11,434 acres in the latter, of these counties. The court is held every third Wednesday : the seneschal limits his jurisdiction by civil bill to £10 ; he also holds a court leet, once or twice in the year, at which constables are appointed. All the provisions of the act of the 9th of George IV., c. 82, for Watching, Lighting, Cleansing, Paving, and Improving Towns, were introduced liere shortly after the enactment of that statute ; the number of commissioners was fixed at 21. The police of the borough is principally managed by the constabulary forces of the counties of Down and Armagh ; the leading streets are kept in repair by county present- 394

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 210

14. Newry navigation completed in 1761

    near Newry · town · Down · 1761

    The Newry navigation, including Lough Neagh, was completed in 1761 with a total length of 36 miles and a total expense of £896,000. It served as a vital commercial waterway connecting Newry to Lough Neagh.

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    completed in I76I. The entire length of the navigation, including that of Lough Neagh, is 36 miles, and the total expense was £896,000. In 17'26, the customhouse had been removed from Carlingford to Newry : the amount of the first year's customs paid here was only £1069. 12., and there were then but four trading barks belonging to the port ; the gross amount of customs' duties for 1836 was £.58,806, and for 1844 £44,648. About 1758, a considerable trade was carried on with the West India Islands ; and although at that time the vessels trading with foreign countries were prohibited from sailing direct to the Irish ports, being compelled to land their cargoes in some place in Great Britain, the Newry merchants succeeded in establishing a very lucrative traffic with the most celebrated commercial marts in other countries. This branch, however, was subsequently nearly lost by the competition of the superior capital of Great Britain, until it revived after the restrictions were taken off the commerce of Ireland, in 1783.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 209

15. Newry to Lough Neagh inland navigation, 1730–1741

    near Newry · town · Down · 1730–1741

    A line of inland navigation from Newry to Lough Neagh was commenced in 1730 and connected in 1741. The route passed through Acton, Scarva, Tanderagee, Gilford, and Portadown via the Bann.

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    The TRADE of Newry, now of much importance, has gradually risen to its present height from the protection afforded to the merchants by William IIL Prior to that time the river was not navigated above Warren Point ; Newry being then considered as a creek to Carlingford, which was the port for all this part of the coast. But during the reigns of that monarch and his successors, several grants were made for clearing and embanking the river, and improving the harbour ; and at length, in consequence of the many obstructions arising from the nature of the river, and the advantageous situation of the town as a central mart for the introduction of foreign commodities into the interior of Ulster, it was determined to form a line of inland navigation from Newry to Lough Neagh. The communication is carried on from the Newry water by an artificial cut, by Acton, Scarva, Tanderagee, and Gilford, to Portadown, where it is connected with the Bann, whence it proceeds in the bed of that river to the lake. It was commenced in 1730, and connected with Lough Neagh in 1741 ; and in consequence of the inconveniences arising from the accumulation of mud and sand towards the mouth of the river, near Newry, it was deemed advisable to prolong the navigation to Fathom : this portion of the work, which is two miles in extent, was Vol. II.— 393

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 208

16. Newry trade development under William III

    near Newry · town · Down · 1690–1702

    The trade of Newry rose from the protection afforded to merchants by William III. Prior to that time the river was not navigated above Warren Point and Newry was considered a creek to Carlingford.

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    The TRADE of Newry, now of much importance, has gradually risen to its present height from the protection afforded to the merchants by William IIL Prior to that time the river was not navigated above Warren Point ; Newry being then considered as a creek to Carlingford, which was the port for all this part of the coast. But during the reigns of that monarch and his successors, several grants were made for clearing and embanking the river, and improving the harbour ; and at length, in consequence of the many obstructions arising from the nature of the river, and the advantageous situation of the town as a central mart for the introduction of foreign commodities into the interior of Ulster, it was determined to form a line of inland navigation from Newry to Lough Neagh. The communication is carried on from the Newry water by an artificial cut, by Acton, Scarva, Tanderagee, and Gilford, to Portadown, where it is connected with the Bann, whence it proceeds in the bed of that river to the lake. It was commenced in 1730, and connected with Lough Neagh in 1741 ; and in consequence of the inconveniences arising from the accumulation of mud and sand towards the mouth of the river, near Newry, it was deemed advisable to prolong the navigation to Fathom : this portion of the work, which is two miles in extent, was Vol. II.— 393

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 208

17. Newtown-Ardes chartered as borough by James I, 1613

    near Newtownards · town · Down · 1613

    After the forfeiture of surrounding territory following Con O'Nial's rebellion, James I granted monastery sites to Sir James Hamilton and Sir Hugh Montgomery. The inhabitants received a charter in 1613 incorporating them as the Provost, Free Burgesses, and Commonalty of the Borough of Newtowne.

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    NEWTOWN-ARDES, a market and post towu (formerly a parliamentary borough), a parish, and the head of a union, partly in the barony of Lower Castlereagh, but chiefly in that of Ardes, county of Down, and province of Ulster, 8 miles (E.) from Belfast, and 88 (N. E.) from Dublin, on the coach-road from Donaghadee to Belfast ; containing, in 1841, 13,886 inhabitants, of whom 7621 were in the town. This place has been celebrated from a very early period for the number of religious foundations in its immediate neighbourhood. In 1244, Walter de Burgh, Earl of Ulster, founded a monastery here, in honour of St. Columb, for Dominican friars, which on its dissolution was granted to Lord Clandeboy, by whom it was assigned to Viscount Montgomery of the Ardes ; no vestiges, however, of the building can be traced. On the north side of the town was the cell of Kiltonga, which has been supposed to have originally given name to the parish ; and within five miles were the abbeys of Bangor, Hollywood, Moville, Grey Abbey, Cumber, and the Black Priory. James I., after the forfeiture of the surrounding territory by Con O'Nial's rebellion, granted several of the sites and possessions of the neighbouring monasteries to Sir James Hamilton and Sir Hugh Montgomery, from whom they passed to the Mount- Alexander family, and from them, by exchange, into the family of the Marquess of Londonderry. The inhabitants received a charter from James I., in 16 13, incorporating them under the designation of the " Provost, Free Burgesses, and Commonalty of the Borough of Newtowne."

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 213

18. Newtown-Barry founded by James Barry, sheriff of Dublin, 1577

    Newtownbarry · townland · Wexford · 1577

    Newtown-Barry (now Bunclody) owes its origin and name to its founder James Barry, sheriff of Dublin in 1577 and progenitor of the barons of Santry. The town later passed to the Maxwell family, lords Farnham, through marriage.

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    NEWTOWN-BARRY, or St. Marys, a market and post town, and a parish, in the union of Enniscorthy, barony of Scarawalsh, county of Wexford, and province of Leinster, 22 miles (N. W.) from Wexford, and 50 (S.) from Dublin ; containing 3723 inhabitants, of whom 1437 are in the town. This town owes its origin and name to its founder, James Barry, Esq., who was sheriff of Dublin in 1577, and progenitor of the barons of Santry ; it came into the possession of John Maxwell, Esq., afterwards created Lord Farnham, by marriage in 1*19 with the daughter and heiress of James Barry, Esq., and is now the property of the present lord. In the disturbances of 179S this place was attacked, on the 1st of June, by the insurgents, who obtained possession of it for a short time, but were soon driven out by the troops of the line and yeomanry.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 213

19. Newtownbreda church designed by Sir Christopher Wren

    near Newtownbreda · population centre · Down · 1787

    The parochial church in Newtownbreda is a small, elegant Grecian-style edifice erected in 1787. It was built from a design by Sir Christopher Wren under the direction of Mr. Cassels by the Viscountess Dowager Midleton.

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    NEWTOWNBREDA, a. village, in the parish of Knockbred.\, union of Belfast, barony of Upper Castlereagh, county of Down, and province of Ulster, '2 miles (S.) from Belfast, on the road to Saintfield; containing 3S4 inhabitants. It is pleasantly situated on an eminence near the river Lagan, and immediately adjoining Belvoir Park, the seat of Sir R. Bateson, Bart. ; it consists chiefly of small detached white-washed cottages, with gardens in the rear, which give the village an e.Ktremely interesting appearance, and indicate a quiet and comfortable tenantry. Here is a station of the constabulary police ; and petty-sessions are held on alternate Saturdays. In the village is the parochial church, a small but elegant edifice in the Grecian style, erected in 17^7, from a design of Sir Christopher Wren's, under the direction of Mr. Cassels, by the Viscountess Dowager Midleton. The burialground, which is the cemetery of several respectable families, contains some very handsome monuments, and commands a fine view of the surrounding country.

    NEWTOWN-BUTLER, a town or village, in the parish of Galloon, union of Clones, barony of CooLE, county of Fermanagh, and province of Ulster, 4^ nides (W. by S.) from Clones, ou the road to Enniskillen ; containing .541 inhabitants. In 1641, the Enniskilleners defeated the army commanded by Mac Carthy-more, about one mile north of the town, in retreating through which the latter set fire to the church, and burned it to the ground, together with several inhabitants who had sought refuge there ; they were afterwards totally defeated at Kilgarret Hill, half a mile to the south, aud their leader made prisoner. The village consists of two streets, and in 1841 contained 96 399

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 213

20. Newtown colliery coal pits in Queen's County

    Newtown · townland · Laois

    Newtown was one of five collieries at work in Queen's County, with pits 45 to 48 yards deep. Its coal was equal to the best Kilkenny coal and sold at 20d. per ton at the pits, though poor people in the vicinity could not afford to use it.

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    The principal portion of the county, in a geological point of view, belongs to the great floetz limestone field, which forms the base of the greater part of the level country of Ireland ; the Slieve-Bloom mountains, in the north-west, are of the sandstone formation, and at the Slievemargue in the south-east the coal formation commences. The limestone field abounds with escars, already noticed. The coal formation begins near Timahoe, and extends cast and south-east to the Barrow, and southwards almost to the Nore. It forms the northern extremity of the Kilkenny field, from which it is separated only by a small river ; and the coal is in every respect similar in each part : the portion included m the Queen's county extends about 3 miles by '2. The Strata range is in Kilkenny, but the dip being to the west, the pits on this side are deeper. There are five collieries at work ; namely, Newtown, Wolf Hill, Doonane, Poulakele, and Moydebegh : those of Rushes and Tollerton, though very valuable, are not wrought at present. The pits at Newtown are from 45 to 48 yards deep ; all those around Jloydebegh are from 61 to 64 yards. The coal at Newtown and Doonane is equal to the best Kilkenny coal, and sells at 20i\ per ton at the pits ; that of the other collieries, though somewhat inferior, never sinks below the price of 17»-. per ton. Hence the poor people, even in the immediate vicinity of the pits, cannot afford to use it, and it is entirely purchased by maltsters, brewers, distillers, and smiths, by whom it is much sought after, inasmuch as, being 437

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 236

21. Newtownhamilton founded c.1770 by Mr. Hamilton

    near Newtownhamilton · parish · Armagh · 1770

    Newtownhamilton was established about 1770 by Mr. Hamilton, transforming a previously wild and uninhabited district in the Fews mountains into a thriving settlement. Primate Robinson later severed the area from the parish of Creggan, built a church, and endowed the living.

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    NEWTOWN-HAMILTON, a post-town and parish, in the union of Castle-Blayney, barony of Upper Fews, county of Armagh, and province of Ulster, 9 miles (S. E.) from Armagh, and 52^ (N. by W.) from Dublin ; containing 7538 Inhabitants, of whom 1231 are in the town. This place, which is situated on the roads leading respectively from Dundalk to Armagh, and from Newry to Castle-Blayney and Monaghan, in the midst of the Fews mountains, owes its origin and importance to Mr. Hamilton, who laid the foundation of the present town about the year 1770, previously to which time, the whole district was a dreary, wild, and uninhabited waste. About the beginning of the same century, an attempt had been made to establish a town at Blackbank, and a castle had been erected for the protection of the new settlers ; but the undertaking failed, and soon after an attempt was made for the same purpose at Johnston-Fews, which resulted only in the erection of a few mud cabins. Upon the failure of both enterprises, government erected barracks at those places, and troops were regularly stationed there till the establishment of the present town, when they were removed to this place ; the ruins of the castle and barracks of Blackbank, and also of those of Johnston, within a few miles of the town, are still remaining. The whole face of this extensive district was completely changed after the establishment of the town : the lands were rapidly brought into cultivation; several roads were opened, and great numbers of persons were induced to settle here under the advantageous leases granted by Mr. Hamilton. The town gradually increased in extent and importance, and the surrounding district was erected into a parish by Primate Robinson, who severed it from the parish of Creggan, built a church, and endowed the living.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 213

22. Newtownloe ruins and ancient fortress, Co. Westmeath

    Newtownlow · townland · Westmeath

    Newtownloe, formerly the residence of the Low family in the parish of Newtown-Fartullagh, is now in ruins. Near the old family mansion of the Lows are the remains of an ancient fortress with a circular tower.

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    NEWTOWN, or Newtown-Fartullagh, a parish, partly in the barony of Fartullagh, but chiefly in that of MoYCASHEL, uniou of IMuLLiNGAR, couuty of W'estmeath, and province of Leinster, on the road from Dublin to Athlone ; containing, with part of the posttown of Tyrrell's-Pass, 3010 inhabitants. It is bounded on the west by the river Brosna and comprises 10,'24S5 statute acres : on the north and east is a great extent of bog, and there is a tract of marsh near the river. The land, which is of a light quality. Is partly in tillage, and partly laid out in large grazing-farms : limestone-gravel is found here. The seats are Newforest and Cornahir ; Newtownloe, formerly the residence of the Low family, is now in ruins. On the western side of the parish are the villages of Ballingore and Newtownloe, and on the eastern side that of Killevally. The living is a rectory, in the diocese of Meath, and in the patronage of the Bishop ; the tithe rent-charge is £178. The glebehouse was built in 181S, at an expense of £1147, of which £323 were a gift, and £415 a loan, from the late Board of First Fruits : the glebe comprises 41 1 statute acres, valued at £'26 per annum. The church, a neat structure in the Gothic style, was completed in 1834, at a cost of £1370, of which £1000 were a gift from the late Board, and the remainder was defrayed by the incumbent, the Rev. Charles Yignolles, D.D. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish forms part of the district of Castletown, and contains the chapel of Raheenmore. At TjTrell's-Pass is a meeting-house for Methodists. In the Split hills is a spring remarkable for its great depth and the purity of its water, which forms a small stream ; near the old family mansion of the Lows are the remains of an ancient fortress with a circular tower. — See Ballingore, Killevally, and Tyrrell's-Pass. 396

    NEWTOWN-ANDERSON, a village, in the parish of Calry, barony of Carbury, poor-law union of Sligo, county of Sligo, and province of Connaxjght ; containing 32 houses, and 135 inhabitants.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 213

23. Newtown-Mount-Kennedy founded by Richard Kennedy

    Newtown Mount Kennedy · town · Wicklow · 1660–1685

    Newtown-Mount-Kennedy in County Wicklow owes its origin and name to Richard Kennedy, who was knighted in the reign of Charles II and obtained a grant of the manor.

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    NEWTOWN-MOUNT-KENNEDY, a market and post town, in the parish and barony of Newcastle, union and county of Wicklow, and province of Lein- STER, 7 miles (N.) from Wicklow, and 17 (S. byE.) from Dublin ; containing 823 inhabitants. The town is situated on the mail-coach road from Dublin to Wexford, and owes its origin and its name to Richard Kennedy, who was knighted in the reign of Charles II. and obtained a grant of the manor. In the disturbances of 1798 it was the scene of a sharp skirmish between the insurgents and the king's forces. The former, to the number of about 1000, variously armed, commenced an attack on the town, early in the morning of the 30th of May, by burning some houses ; but on advancing to the market-house, they were opposed by the little garrison, consisting of a detachment of the Ancient Britons cavalry, another of the Antrim militia, and some yeomanry cavalry, in all 100. In the first onset, the commander of the Ancient Britons was killed, and the captain and lieutenant of the yeomanry severely wounded ; but after some loss on both sides the insurgents were totally routed.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 213

24. Newtown Quaker school established 1798

    Newtown · townland · Waterford · 1798

    A school at Newtown, near Waterford city, was established in 1798 for the education of children belonging to the Society of Friends of the province of Munster. The average number of both sexes was about 50, with a large and commodious school-house and extensive playground.

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    The Blue-Cuat School for Girls was erected in 1740, at an expense of £750, by Mrs. Mary Mason ; it is a plain building, with the arms of the Mason family in front. The foundation was originally designed for clothing and instructing 30 girls till of age to be put out to service, the expense being defrayed by an annuity of £60 paid by trustees, to whom the Mason family bequeathed £900 for that purpose. In 17S4, Counsellor Alcock left £1000 to this charity, the interest of which sum is expended in apprenticing the most deserving of the children. An endowed school in the parish of St. Olaie is under the patronage of trustees, who give a schoolhouse and residence for the master, who is also lecturer of St. Olave's and receives for both appointments, as alreacly observed, a salary of £100 per annum. A scliool at Newtown, near the city, was established in 1798, for the education of children belonging to the Svciety of Friends of the province of Munster ; the average number of both sexes is about 50, and the usual course of instruction comprehends an English education, with the Latin and French languages. The school-house is large and commodious ; there is an extensive playground, and the premises are well adapted to the purpose. There are numerous Roman Catholic schools, the principal of which is the college of ^.'Z. John, in Manorstreet, erected by the Rt. Rev. Dr. Power, for the education of young men for the ministry ; attached to it is a lay school for boarders and day scholars. The building is plain, but spacious and commodious, and adjoining it are extensive gardens and pleasure-grounds. The greater number of the clergy of the united dioceses of Waterford and Lismore go through their courses of humanity and theology hcre"^ previously to entering Maynooth ; several complete the whole course of their studies in this establishment. Of the other schools, the prmcipal are those established in 1803, by the Rev. Edmund Rice, in connexion with the society called the Order ol

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 387

25. Newtownstewart ancient seat and O'Neill capture

    near Newtownstewart · village · Tyrone · 1641–1690

    Newtownstewart, anciently called Lislas, commanded the only pass through the mountainous district and was granted by James I to Sir J. Clapham, then by Charles I to Sir W. Stewart. Sir Phelim O'Neill seized the castle in 1641, cutting off communication with this part of Tyrone, and James II lodged there during the Revolution.

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    NEWTOWN-STEWART, a market and post town, in the parish of Ardstraw, union and barony of Stra- BANE, county of Tyrone, and province of Ulster, 'i miles (N. W.) from Omagh, and 99i (N. N. W.) from Dublin, on the road to Londonderry ; containing 1405 inhabitants. This town, which is beautifully situated on the western bank of the river Mourne, about halfway between Omagh and Strabane, and surrounded by the lofty mountains of Munterloney, was anciently called Lislas, and appears to have been a place of early importance, commanding the only pass through this extensive mountainous district. The adjacent lands were granted by James I., on the settlement of LHster, to Sir J. Clapham, who not having complied with the conditions of the grant, the property became forfeited to the crown, and was granted by Charles I. to Sir W. Stewart, from whom the present town took its name. Sir Phclim O'Nial, having obtained possession of the castle in 1641, cut off all communication with this portion of Tyrone, and compelled the king's forces to retreat from every post they occupied in this part of the country. In the war of the Revolution, James II. lodged for one night 3 F2

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 214

26. Newtown-Stewart castle and town burned then restored

    near Newtownstewart · village · Tyrone · 1722

    A traveller staying at Newtown-Stewart castle on his way to Londonderry ordered the castle dismantled and the town burned upon leaving. The town lay in ruins until restored by a member of the Stewart family in 1722, after which it became a place of considerable trade in a linen district.

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    in the castle on his way to Londonderry, and also on his return from Lifford ; and, on leaving it the following morning, ordered it to be dismantled, and the town to be burned ; which orders were carried into effect, and the town continued in ruins till restored by one of the Stewart family in 17'2'2. After its restoration it soon became a place of considerable trade, from its situation in the centre of a great linen district ; and in 1727, Dr. John Hall, rector of Ardstraw, built a handsome church here at his own expense, which has ever since continued to be the parish church.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 215

27. Newtown-Stewart castle remains a noble ruin

    near Newtownstewart · village · Tyrone

    The remains of the castle at Newtown-Stewart, with the exception of the roof, are nearly entire and form a noble and highly interesting ruin within the town.

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    The town consists of three principal and three smaller streets, and contains 350 houses, neat and well built ; the principal streets are paved, and the inhabitants are amply supplied with water from a spring at the southwestern end of the town, conveyed by pipes to the more respectable houses, and into public reservoirs in several parts of the town for the supply of the poorer inhabitants. In the main street are two good hotels. A considerable trade is derived from the situation of the place on a great public thoroughfare ; and many of the inhabitants are emploj'ed in the numerous limestone and freestone quarries in the neighbourhood, which are extensively worked : the limestone found on the lands of Baronscourt is of remarkably fine quahty for building. In the excise arrangements the town is within the district of Londonderry. The market, on Monday, is amply supplied with every kind of agricultural produce, and with unbleached linen : fairs, numerously attended, are held on the last Monday in every month, chiefly for cattle, sheep, and pigs. A small constabulary police force is stationed in the town, and petty-sessions are held monthly. The church is a large structure on a gentle eminence, and has a lofty and well-proportioned octagonal spire, which was added to it in 1803, in the time of the Rev. G. Hall, then rector, and afterwards Bishop of^ Dromore. There are also a Roman Catholic chapel, two places of worship for Presbyterians and two for Wesleyan Methodists, and a dispensary. In the town are the remains of the castle, which, with the exception of the roof, is nearly entire, forming a noble and highly interesting ruin. In the vicinity is Baronscourt, the seat of the Marquess of Abercorn, a stately mansion, situated in a widely extended demesne combining much romantic and beautiful scenery, embellished with three spacious lakes, and enriched with fine timber. Moyle House, Newtown- Stewart Castle, and Cross House, are also in the neighbourhood. Adjoining one end of the bridge is an ancient fort thrown up to defend the ford of the river ; there is a similar one at Ardstraw bridge, and also at Moyle to guard the ford of the river Glenally. Numerous other forts in the neighbourhood, and various cairns, are noticed in the article on Ardstraw.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 215

28. Nial Garbh O'Donnell leads English garrison to Lifford

    Lifford · townland · Donegal · 1600

    In 1600, Nial Garbh O'Donnell, who had abandoned Hugh O'Donnell's cause, led 1000 men of the English garrison of Derry to Lifford. The castle having been previously destroyed, the place was defended only by earth ramparts and a shallow ditch; Hugh's garrison fled, and the English fortified the post with stone walls.

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    LIFFORD, an assize town (formerly a parliamentary borough) and a parish, in the union of Strarane, barony of Raphoe, county of Donegal, and province of Ulster, 1 mile (\V.) from Strabane, and 102 (N. by W.) from Dublin, on the road from Strabane to Letterkenny ; containing 5686 inhabitants, of whom 752 are in the town. This place, formerly called Ballyduff and Liffer, and of which the parish still retains its ancient name of Clonleigh, was first distinguished as the residence of the chiefs of the sept of the O'Donells, who had a strong castle here, in which Manus O'Donell, Prince of Tyrconnell, after being detained prisoner for the last eight years of his life by his own son Calvagh, died in 1563. Hugh O'Donell, called Red Hugh, in 1596, entertained in this castle Don Alonzo Copis, emissary of Philip III. of Spain, who had been sent to ascertain the state of Ireland previously to the embarkation of a Spanish force for its assistance against the English. In 1600, Nial Garbh O'Donell, who had abandoned the cause of Hugh, led 1000 men of the English garrison of Derry to this place, which, from the previous destruction of its castle, was defended only by ramparts of earth and a shallow ditch. On the approach of the English, the garrison of Hugh O'Donell abandoned the place, and encamped within two miles of it ; and the English took possession of the post, which they fortified with walls of stone. Nial O Donell. after some weeks had elapsed without any action taking

    LIF F

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 73

29. Nicholas French, political writer, native of Wexford

    Wexford · town · Wexford

    Nicholas French, author of 'The Bleeding Iphigenia' and several other political publications during the reign of Charles II, was a native of Wexford town. Wexford also gives one of his titles of Earl in the Irish peerage to the Earl of Shrewsbury.

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    The ruins of the ancient monastery of St. Peter and St. Paul of Selsker, consisting of a tower now forming part of the present church, and some of the arches, are still in existence. It is said that Cromwell, when he destroyed the church at the sacking of Wexford, carried away the ring of bells, and that they are now in one of the churches in Liverpool : according to tradition, the freedom of the town, and exemption from the port dues, of Liverpool, were granted to the freemen of Wexford in lieu of these bells. There are no remains of the priory of the Knights of St. John of Jerusalem, or of the Magdalene leper house. Some portions of the town walls, with five of the towers, three square and two round, are still in a sufficient state of preservation to shew that the walls were 22 feet high, and were .supported on the inside by a rampart of earth 2 1 feet thick : ruins of most of the old churches, also, are still visible. Near the West gate was a strong chalybeate spring, now closed up. Many coins have been found at different times, but none of great antiquity : among them are some of copper, of the dates 1605 and 1615, evidently struck off for tokens by merchants or dealers to supply the deficiency of legal coin. Near the Windmill hill a rudely carved urn of unbaked clay, containing calcined human bones, was found in 1831. Nicholas French, anthor of " the Bleeding Iphigenia," and several other political publications during the reign of Charles IL, was a native of this town. Wexford gives one of his titles of Earl, in the Irish peerage, to the Earl of Shrewsbury.

    WHERRY, a parish, in the union of Pabsonstown, barony of Garrycastle, King's county, and province of Leinster ; containing, with part of the post-town of

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 400

30. Nimmo's bog survey of Kilcrohane (Kerry) parish

    near Kilcrohane · parish · Kerry · 1797

    The deep and extensive bogs of Kilcrohane parish in Kerry were surveyed about 40 years prior to publication by Mr. Nimmo, who reported to the government that the greater part of them were capable of being drained and cultivated at moderate expense.

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    containing 10,776 inhabitants. This parish is situated on the northern shore of the great river or bay of Kenmare, along which it extends nearly 14 miles. It is bounded on the east by the river Blackwater, on the west by the bay of Ballinaskelligs, and on the north by a range of lofty mountains which separate it from the barony of Iveragh ; it comprises 63,702 statute acres, the greater part of which consists of rocky mountain pasture, waste, and bog, there being but a very small portion in tillage, and that chiefly for potatoes, for which sea-manure is used. The land is usually computed by gneeves, of which there are 76S. Nearly in the centre of the parish, an inlet in the bay of Kenmare receives the river Sneem, and forms the harbour of that name, where vessels of considerable size may lie securely when not exposed to south-western gales. The western extremity of the parish terminates in the peninsula called Hog Head, which forms the southern side of the bay of Ballinaskelligs. Along the shore in Kenmare bay are several islands, the principal of which is Rossmore ; and about a league off the western shore are those of Scariff and Dinish, generally called the Hog Islands. There was till lately but one main line of road through the parish ; but a new line has been constructed from Sneem to the pass of Cameduff, where it meets the new road between Killarney and Kenmare about midway. Several of the inhabitants, including some of the small farmers, are occasionally employed in the fishery of the bay, on which they partly depend for their support ; but it is expected that the new road from Sneem will tend materially to develop the agricultural resources of this wild and mountainous district. The bogs, which are deep and extensive, were surveyed about 40 years since, by Mr. Nimmo, who reported to the government that the greater part of them were capable of being drained and brought into cultivation at a moderate expense. On the summit of the mountain called Finabagough, 1200 feet above the level of the sea, is an extensive tract of common, where cattle are grazed during the summer months. The seats are, Derrynane, the residence of Daniel OConnell, Esq., M. P.; Derriquin; Hollywood ; Aska ; and Castle Cove. Derrynane, sometimes called Derrynane or Darrynane Abbey, from its proximity to the ruins of the ancient monastery of that name, is situated near the shore of the Atlantic, at the western extremity of the parish ; it is an extensive but irregular pile of building, partly in the castellated style, and has been much enlarged by the proprietor, who has also greatly improved the approaches, and extended the shrubberies and plantations as far as the situation, so much exposed to the western gales, will allow. The surrounding scenery, which is of the most wild and romantic description, is terminated on the north by a range of rugged and lofty mountains, from the summit of which an extensive view of the western coast is obtained, embracing the entrances to the bays of Bantry and Kenmare, the bay of Ballinaskelligs, Dursey Island, and the Skellig Isles. The house of Derriquin, also partly castellated, is situated in a finely wooded demesne on the bay of Kenmare, which is here studded with small islands. The prostrate juniper is found on the shore at this place. A receiving house for letters in connexion with Cahirciveen has been established at Ballybrack, and is of great benefit to the inhabitants of the district.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 17

31. Nimmo's timber bridge from Foxhole to Clashmore

    Youghal · town · Cork · 1823

    A bridge of Memel fir was erected from Foxhole in the parish of St. Mary, Youghal, to the opposite shore in the parish of Clashmore, County Waterford, under an act empowering commissioners to take ground. The bridge cost £22,000 plus £8,509 paid to the corporation for the ferry, with government advancing £10,000 as a loan, but the speculation did not remunerate the proprietary shareholders.

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    design of the late Alexander Nimmo, by George Nimmo, Esq., under the provisions of an act passed in IS^S, which empowered certain commissioners to take ground and to erect a bridge from Foxhole, in the parish of St. Mary, Youghal, to the opposite shore, in the parish of Clas'hmore, county of Waterford. The expense of its erection, exclusively of £8509 paid to the corporation for the ferry, was £22,000, towards which government advanced £10,000 as a loan; it was carried into execution by proprietary shareholders of £100 each, but the speculation has not renumerated them. This structure is built of Memel fir, and is remarkably light and elegant : it is ITS* feet in length, including a drawbridge 40 feet long ; its uniform breadth is 22 feet within the railings, which are 4| feet in height ; and the whole is supported on 57 sets of piers, of five pillars each. The Gas-works, on the strand adjoining the northern entrance to the town, were built in 1&30 under the provisions of the act of the 9th of George IV. ; the establishment is managed by 21 commissioners.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 411

32. Nobber mineral springs for cutaneous complaints

    Nobber · town · Meath

    The mineral springs at Nobber in Meath were said to be serviceable in treating obstinate cutaneous complaints. The waters were noted for their medicinal properties.

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    At Castlekieran is a remarkably fine spring, the origin of which tradition attributes to the miraculous powers of St. Kieran ; it is much frequented on the first Sunday in August, by persons seeking a remedy for various diseases. At Summerhill is a chalybeate spa, but not of much strength or medicinal efficacy. The waters of the mineral springs of Kikriew and Xobber are said to be serviceable in obstinate cutaneous complaints. At Knock is another chalybeate spring, 327

    Arms of the BUhopru.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 150

33. Nobber ranked among boroughs of Meath in Henry VI's reign

    Nobber · town · Meath · 1422–1461

    In the reign of Henry VI, Nobber ranked among the boroughs of Meath and was considered the key of the county. After it was burnt by the Irish, inhabitants were licensed to summon labourers to construct fortifications for its defence.

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    NOBBER, a post-town and parish, in the union of Kells, partly in the barony of Lower Kells, but chiefly in the barony of Morgallion, county of Meath, and province of Leinster, 65 miles (N. E. by N.) from Kells, and 31 (N. N. W.) from Dubhn, on the road to Clones; containing 3757 inhabitants, of whom 349 are in the town. In the reign of Henry VI. this place ranked among the boroughs of Meath, and was considered to be the key of the coimty, so that, when it had been burnt by the Irish, it was judged expedient, on its restoration, to construct fortifications for its defence; for which purpose the inhabitants were licensed to summon all the labourers within the town and barony, for three days in every quarter of the year, for three years. The town consists of 63 houses ; it has a subpost office to Kells, and a patent for a market, which is not held, and for a fair on April 25th for every description of cattle and for pigs, which is well attended : a constabulary police force is stationed here.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 215

34. Noble druidical monument above Castlederg

    near Castlederg · town · Tyrone

    A very noble druidical monument, 12 feet high, stands a quarter of a mile above Castlederg.

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    The REMAINS of ANTIQUITY are not peculiarly interesting. Raths are scattered over almost every part ; near the western border of the mountain named Mary Grey, more than twelve of them may be seen within the compass of a mile : they are generally in pairs. Many are now scarcely discernible, in consequence of the farmers having drawn off the mould for manure. The most perfect has a parapet six feet high, with stepping stones projecting from the inner sides in an oblique direction to the top, like the winding of a staircase; its diameter is 33 yards. A very remarkable Druidieal monument, called Cloghtogle, or the " lifted stone," stands on a hill a mile north of Newtown-Stewart ; it consists of three large stones set upright in a triangular position, about 7 feet high each, and covered with a broad horizontal flag 1 1 feet long, 7 broad, and Ij inches thick. On an opposite hill, at the distance of about 100 yards, was a similar relic of larger dimensions, now lying on the ground. There is a large and very beautiful one, also called Clogh-togle, at Tamlaght, near Coagh ; it consists of six upright stones standing about 5 feet above the ground, on which is a large slab whose greatest diameter is 10 feet, its circumference 2S, and its greatest thickness 7 feet. Another, but less perfect, is to be seen in the demesne of Loughry ; and a very noble one, 12 feet high, a quarter of a mile above Castlederg. At Kilmeillie, near Dungannon, are two circles of stones, each about 20 yards in diameter, in the form of the figure S. On the same hill has been found a kind of altar of dry stones, with the charcoal aud bones fresh among the stones, which retained the marks of fire. An urn has been found in a little sandy hill near Cookstown, covered with a large limestone slab, and surrounded by si.x others. Near Omagh, three small chests containing as many urns were found in 17 1-. under two heaps of stones. In the parish of Errigal-Keroge is a flat stone set upright, about three feet broad and of the same height above ground, having one side covered with carvings of a regular design, consisting of waving and circular lines : it had been the cover of a vault formed of flags set edgeways ; in the vault were found two earthen vessels containing ashes. Near Dungannon have been found several brazen trumpets of an uncommon construction, with a hole in the side, and the smaller end stopped, supposed to have been Danish. The monastic institutions of which traces yet remain are those of Ardboe, Ardstraw, Cluin-Dhubhain, Garvaghkerin, Puble, Grange, and Dououghmore : Cloghcr, Airecal-

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 367

35. Norman niche in Kilcronaghan church

    near Kilcronaghan · parish · Derry

    The parish church of Kilcronaghan is a small and old building with a beautiful Norman-style niche near the communion table, which was part of the original edifice. The Ecclesiastical Commissioners recently granted funds for its repair.

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    KILCRONAGHAN, a parish, in the union of Magherafelt, barony of Loughinsholin, county of Londonderry, and province of Ulster ; containing, with the post-town of Tubbermore, 4345 inhabitants. It comprises 7992f statute acres, and includes some of the richest portions of the valley of the Mayola, the principal part of which is pasture ; there are also above 500 acres of mountain land in pasture. Great quantities of reddish limestone and much valuable freestone are quarried, some of which is exported from Portballyronan : here are likewise some thin seams of coal. The principal seat is Fort-WiUiam. The living is a rectory in the diocese of Derry, and in the patronage of the Bishop : the tithe rent-charge is £'26'2. 10. The church is a small and old building, and has near the communion-table a beautiful niche in the Norman style, which was part of the original edifice : the Ecclesiastical Commissioners lately granted £13'2 for the repair of this church. The glebe-house, which adjoins it, was built in 1794, at a cost of £600: the glebe contains 184 acres. In the Roman Catholic divisions this parish forms part of the district of Desartmartin, and has a chapel at Keenaght. There is a meetinghouse for Presbyterians at Tubbermore ; it was built in 1728, and is in connexion with the General Assembly. There is also a meeting-house for Independents in the town. Dr. Adam Clarke, the celebrated biblicist, was born at Moybeg, in this parish. — See Tubbermore.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 17

36. Nugent family mansion ruins at Carlanstown

    Carlanstown · townland · Westmeath

    At Carlanstown in the parish of Lickbla are the ruins of a mansion belonging to a branch of the Nugent family. Lord George Grenville Nugent Temple held the title Baron Nugent of Carlanstown through his mother, and the late Duke of Buckingham built a good farmhouse on the site of the old mansion.

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    LICKBLA, or Lickblagh, a parish, in the union of Granard, barony of Demifork, county of West.meatu, and province of Leinster, 4 miles (N. W.) from Castlepollard, on the road to Finae ; containing 2394 inhabitants. This parish is bounded on the north by Lough Sheelin, and on the west by Lough Kinail and the river Inny, and is intarsected by the river Glorc, which issues from the latter lake and falls into the Inny. It comprises 8837f statute acres, of which a very large portion is mountain and bog ; the system of agriculture is improving, and limestone is quarried for building and for burning into lime. The surface is uneven, and towards the east marked by mountainous elevations ; the high rock of Curreagh and the mountain of Moil rise within the limits of the parish. Lickbla is a vicarage, in the diocese of Meath, forming part of the union of Rathgraff; the rectory is impropriate in the Marquess of Westmeath, and the tithe reut-charge is £'20/. 14., of which £92. 6. are payable to the impropriator, and the remainder to the vicar. The church has long been a ruin. In the Roman Catholic divisions Lickbla forms part of the district of Castlepollard ; the chapel is near Carlanstown. There are several raths in the parish ; and on the rock of Moil is found a species of coral. Near Curreagh are the ruins of Rathcreenagh Castle, situated on a high mound, with a large rath nearly adjoining; and at Carlanstoviu are the ruins of a mansion belonging to a branch of the Nugent family, of whom Lord George Grenville Nugent Temple, second son of the late Marchioness of Buckingham, is, in right of his mother. Baron Nugent of Carlanstown : a good farmhouse was built by the late Duke of Buckingham on the site of the old mansion.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 73

37. Numerous skeletons found at Kill

    Kill · town · Kildare

    Numerous skeletons were discovered when turning up the ground in the area of Kill and Heartwell, County Kildare. The finds suggest the presence of an ancient burial site.

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    good quality, and principally under tillage. The village of Kill consists of 73 houses. Bishopscourt is the handsome residence of the Hon. F. Ponsonby ; and here is also the seat of Mrs. Hendrick, in the demesne of which are the picturesque ruins of the old church at KerdilTstowu. The living is a vicarage, in the diocese of Kildare, episcopally united to the rectory of Lyons, and held with the imiiropriate parish of Whifechurch ; the rectory is partly impropriate in the Earl of Mayo and partly appropriate to the vicarage. The tithe rent-charge of the parish is £522. 10., of which £228. 15. are payable to the impropriator, and the remainder to the incumbent ; the entire tithe of the benefice of the incumbent is £351. 7. 6. The church is a very neat structure, with a square tower and lofty spire, built in 1822 by aid of a loan of £2000 from the late Board of First Fruits, and recently repaired by a grant of £144 from the Ecclesiastical Commissioners ; it has an organ, which was given by the Earl of Mayo. The glebe-house was built in 1829, at a cost exceeding £1100, by the then incumbent : the glebe here consists of eight acres, and there are also seven acres in Whitechurch. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish is partly in the union or district of Newbridge, and partly the head of a union comprising the remainder of Kill and the entire parishes of Lyons, Bodenstown, and Furnace, and containing a chapel at Ardclough, in Lyons, and one at Kill, which is a remarkably neat building with a tower and spire, completed in 1826. In the village is a school under the trustees of Erasmus Smith's charity ; the school-house, an ornamental building, is kept in repair by the Earl of Mayo. There are also national schools. Here is a large moat ; and about a mile eastward is Heartwell, formerly a castellated mansion surrounded by a fosse. Numerous skeletons have been found in turning up the ground. Near Heartwell is a rivulet, on the bank of which are extensive depositions of calcareous tufa, which are hardened by exposure to the air, and, although very porous, are sometimes used in building. Extensive ramifications of stalactite are also found.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 32

38. Nunnery at Swords recorded in 1474 pension

    Swords · town · Dublin · 1474

    A nunnery was founded at Swords at an unknown period, the only evidence being a parliamentary record of a pension granted in 1474 to the prioress and her successors.

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    The principal relics of antiquity still in existence are the ancient round tower and the archbishop's palace : the latter was a fortified structure in the centre of a court surrounded by embattled walls flanked with towers ; these walls compose the whole of the existing remains, the inclosed area having been converted into a garden. The only evidence of the former existence of a nunnery founded here at an unknown period, is the record of a pension granted by parliament, in 1474, to the prioress and her successors. To the south of the town, near the sea-shore, are the ruins of Seatown Castle, once a chief scat of the Russell family : about a mile from the town, in the same direction, is Drynam, built by the Russells in 16'Z7. Lissenhall, an ancient seat in the vicinity of Swords, belonged to the de Lacey family in the reign of Edward 1. ; Sir Wm. Fitzwilliam resided in it for some time, when he was lord deputy of Ireland. Near Brackenstown House is a high rath, which commauds a fine view of all the surrounding district : near Seafield is an old burial-ground, called Ballymadrouch.

    SYDDAN, a parish, in the union of Ardee, barony of Lower Slane, county of Me.\th, and province of Leinster, 4 miles (S. E.) from Nobber, and on the coach-road from Dublin to Londonderry ; containing 1357 inhabitants. This parish formed part of the possessions of the abbey of St. Thomas, Dublin ; the tithes and advowson were granted in the '2nd of Elizabeth to Thomas Manners. It comprises 5l63f statute acres, nearly equally divided between pasture and tillage ; the soil is of good quality, and agriculture improving; some of the pasture land is particularly fine. liime and marl, found in the low grounds at a small depth beneath the surface, form the chief manure ; there is no bog. Coarse 541

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 307

39. Nun's Cross church built 1818

    near Nun's Cross · population centre · Wicklow · 1818

    A remarkably neat church in the later English style was erected at Nun's Cross in 1818 by the late F. Synge, Esq., assisted by a gift and loan from the Board of First Fruits and subscriptions of the resident gentry. A monument to the founder was placed in the chancel.

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    The parish is in the diocese of Dublin. The rectory forms part of the union and corps of the prebend of Wicklow in the cathedral church of St. Patrick, Dublin; and there is also a chapelry, in the patronage of the Prebendary, who receives the entire tithe rent-charge, amounting to £'283. 1.5., and pays the curate's stipend. The church, a remarkably neat structure in the later English style, was erected (at Nun's Cross) in 18)8, by the late F. Synge, Esq., assisted by a gift of £800 and a loan of £1000 from the Board of First Fruits, and by subscriptions of the resident gentry ; the Ecclesiastical Commissioners recently granted £4^6 for its enlargement. All the sittings, with the exception of eight pews for the principal families, are free ; a monument to the memory of the founder has been placed in the chancel. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish forms part of the district of Wicklow ; the chapel is a neat building, at Ballinahinch. The late C. Tottenham, Esq., bequeathed for the use of the poor, £10 per annum charged on his estate of Ballycurry. On the lauds of Dunran are the ruins of an ancient castle, formerly belonging to the O'Byrnes ; and during the disturbances of 179.S, the insurgents, after their defeat at Newtown- Mount-Kennedy, Took refuge here, but were soon after driven out with great loss.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 38

40. Nurney castle and Sarsfield forfeiture

    Nurney · town · Kildare · 1641

    A large ancient castle stood at Nurney, which has been modernised into a residence called Nurney House. The property was forfeited by the Sarsfield family in 1641 and later ornamented by the Bagot family.

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    agriculture is improving. Nuruuy is a constabulary police station. Anciently a large castle stood here, which has been modernised; the property was forfeited, in 1641, by the Sarsfield family : the residence is called Nurney House, and has been greatly ornamented and improved by the Bagot family, who lived here till lately. The living is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of Kildare, united, in 1809, to the rectories of Kildangan and Walterstown, the three parishes forming the corps of the prebend of Nurney, in the patronage of the Bishop. The tithe rent-charge of the parish is £65. l.'i. 6., and the gross tithe of the union £149. '^i. 6. There is neither glebe nor glebe-house. A church was lately built. In the Roman Catholic divisions this parish is part of the district of Monastereven aud Kildangan : the chapel adjoins the ruins of the ancient church and burial-ground.

    OAGHILL, a village, in the parish and island of Arranmore, barony of Arran, union and county of Galway, aud province of Connaught : the population is returned with the parish. It is situated nearly in the centre of the island, which forms the principal of the group called the Arran Islands. Here are a signal tower and a lighthouse, the latter exhibiting a bright revolving light, which attains its greatest magnitude every three minutes, and, being nearly ,500 feet above the level of the sea, is seen at a great distance in clear weather. In the village is a neat Roman Catholic chapel.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 218

41. Nurney church erected 1788, steeple struck by lightning

    Nurney · townland · Carlow · 1788–1837

    The church at Nurney, County Carlow, is a small neat building of hewn stone erected in 1788 by aid of £500 from the Board of First Fruits. The steeple was thrown down by lightning some years prior to publication.

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    NURNEY, a parish, partly in the barony of Car- Lovi', and partly in that of Forth, but chiefly in the barony of Idrone East, union and county of Carlow, and province of Leinster, 2 miles (N. E.) from Leighlin-Bridge, on the road to TuUow; containing 905 inhabitants, of whom 216 are in the village. This parish comprises 2723 statute acres. There is no bog : agriculture is in a good state. Here are granite-quarries for building, and limestone for burning ; and the Barrow navigation affords the means of conveying goods to Waterford. The village, consisting of 43 houses, stands at the junction of several roads ; it is a constabulary police station, and has a patent for a fair on May 6th, which, however, is not held. The living is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of Leighlin, forming the corps of the precentorship, in the patronage of the Bishop : the tithe rent-charge is £173. 1. 6. The church is a small neat building of hewn stone, erected in 1788, by aid of £500 from the Board of First Fruits ; and the Ecclesiastical Commissioners recently granted £217 for its repair : the steeple was thrown down by lightning some years since. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish forms part of the district of Dunleckney. The parochial school-house was built by Col. Bruen, M.P., at an expense of £400. From the churchyard a noble view of the western part of the county is procured, with the windings of the river Barrow : in it is part of a rude stone cross, and without its boundary stands a perfect cross, six feet high.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 217

42. Obelisk at Lower Kyle commemorating Volunteers

    Kyle · townland · Wexford · 1786

    A monumental obelisk on a rocky eminence at Lower Kyle, overlooking the River Slaney in Wexford, was erected in 1786 by Rev. C. Harvey, D.D., to commemorate General George Ogle and the independent volunteers of Ireland, the first corps of which was raised in that county.

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    KILPATRICK, a parish, in the barony of Shelma- LIER, union and county of Wexford, and province of Leinster, 3^ miles (N.) from W'e.xford, on the coachroad to Dublin ; containing 879 inhabitants. This parish, which is situated partly on the river Slaney, and partly on its estuary, above \Ve.\ford bridge, comprises 2739^ statute acres of good land in an excellent state of cultivation ; the system of agriculture being superior to what generally prevails in this part of the country, and green crops having been cultivated for some years : there is neither bog nor waste land. The river is unsurpassed for the richness and beauty of the scenery on its banks, and the surrounding country is agreeably and strikingly diversified. Saunderscourt, the property and residence of the Earl of Arran, commands a fine view of the bridge and harbour of Wexford ; and Kyle, another seat, is embosomed in woods of the richest foliage, and embellished with pleasure-grounds and gardens tastefully laid out and commanding extensive and varying views of the scenery of the Slauey. On a rocky eminence in Lower Kyle, overlooking the river, is a monumental obelisk, erected in 1786 by the Rev. C. Harvey, D.D., to commemorate the exertions and patriotism of General George Ogle and the independent volunteers of Ireland, the first corps of which was raised in this county. The " Kyle Model Gardens, " established by C. G. Harvey, Esq. (who appropriated nearly eleven statute acres of his best land for that purpose), are intended to afford practical instruction to the labourer in garden husbandry, in order to the due improvement of allotments of land for the cultivation of flowers, fruits, vegetables, and bees, on the system of the " London Labourers'-Friend Society," and for the profitable employment of the labourer's spare time without interfering with his ordinary occupation. This garden, besides affording perfect specimens of cottage gardening on a minute scale, under Vol. II.— 161

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 50

43. Obelisk memorial to General Ross near Rostrevor

    near Rostrevor · town · Down · 1814

    A monumental obelisk near the town commemorates General Ross, who fell in battle near Baltimore in America on 12 September 1814 while leading British troops to victory. The four sides of the pedestal record his principal engagements.

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    and Dec. 11th. The parish church, a cruciform edifice with a lofty embattled tower crowned with pinnacles, is situated in the principal street ; and near it is a neat Roman Catholic chapel, with a campanile turret. Here are handsome school-houses, with residences for the masters and mistresses ; the schools are supported by Mrs. Ross and Mrs. Balfour. There are some remains of Castle Roe and Greencastle, and of the old churches of Kilbroney and Killowen ; and near the town is a monumental obelisk, erected to the memory of General Ross, who fell iu a battle near Baltimore, in America, while leading on the British troops to the victory which they obtained on the l'2th of Sept., 1814; on the four sides of the pedestal are recorded the principal engagements in which that gallant officer bore a conspicuous part.

    ROSTURK.— See Rosstrunk.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 267

44. Obelisk Park obelisk erected during 1741 scarcity

    Stillorgan · parish · Dublin · 1741

    Obelisk Park in Stillorgan takes its name from a lofty obelisk erected in the grounds by Lady Pierce. The obelisk was built to provide employment for the poor during the scarcity of 1741.

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    STILLORGAN, a parish, in the union and barony of Rathdown, county of Dublin, and province of Leinster, 4 miles (S. E.) from Dublin, on the road, by Donnybrook, to Bray ; containing 1.550 inhabitants, of whom 611 are in the village. This parish comprises only 690 statute acres, of which about three-fourths are meadow and pasture, chiefly demesne land, and the remainder principally garden-grounds. There are numerous handsome seats and pleasing villas, beautifully situated, and commanding some fine views of mountain scenery, with extensive prospects over Dublin bay. Among the principal are, Stillorgan House, anciently the property of the Aliens, ancestors of the present Viscount and Baron Allen of Stillorgan ; Carysford House, situated in grounds tastefully laid out ; Stillorgan Abbey, a handsome residence in the Elizabethan style, built in 1833 near the site of the old abbey; Mount Eagle ; Obelisk Park, so called from a lofty obelisk erected in the grounds by Lady Pierce, for the employment of the poor during the scarcity of I74I ; Thornhill ; Stillorgan Park ; Beaufield ; and Oatlands. The village is within the delivery of the Dublin post, and is a constabulary police station; there is also a station at Newtown Park. Close to the village was till lately an ale and beer brewery, which had been carried on for more than 80 years by the family of Darley.

    This parish, together with that of Kilmacud, constitutes the perpetual curacy of Stillorgan, in the diocese of Dublin, and in the patronage of the Dean of Christ Church, Dublin. The tithe rent-charge is £76. 3., the whole payable to the incumbent : the glebe, which is situated in the parish of Kill, comprises 9 acres ; the glebe-house was built about 90 years ago. The church, a neat edifice, was enlarged in 181'2 and again in 1833 ; the late Board of First Fruits, in the former instance, granting a loan of £800, and in the latter a gift of £500. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish forms part of the union of Booterstown, and of that of 3 Y2

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 298

45. O'Brennan parish ruins and caverns

    O'Brennan · parish · Kerry

    The church at O'Brennan is in ruins and Protestant parishioners attend that of Tralee. Within the parish limits lies the entrance to the principal caverns in the limestone strata of the adjoining parish of Ballymacelligott.

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    O'BRENNAN, a parish, in the union of Tralee, barony of Trughenackmy, county of Kerry, and province of Mt'NSTER, 4 miles (N. N. E.) from Tralee, on the old road to Castleisland ; containing 99- inhabitants. It comprises 6547 statute acres, the greater part of which consists of coarse mountain pasture and l)og, mostly reclainiable : a portion of the mountain tract is now being reclaimed and brought into cultivation. Here is a large flour-mill. The principal residence is O'Brennan. The living is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of Ardfert and Aghadoe, and in the gift of the Bishop ; the tithe rent-charge is £51. l^. The church is in ruins ; the Protestant parishioners attend that of Tralee. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish forms part of the district of Ballymacelligott. Within its limits is the entrance to the principal caverns in the limestone strata in the adjoining parish of Ballymacelligott, which see.

    O'BRIENS-BRIDGE, a parish and village, in the union of Limerick, barony of Tulla Lower, county of Clare, aud province of Munster, 6 miles (X. E.) from Limerick, on the road to Killaloe ; containing 4995 inhabitants, of whom 435 are in the village. This place, which is situated on the Shannon, derives its name from a bridge of 14 arches built over that river by one of the O'Briens, and which for several centuries has withstood the violent impetuosity of the current. The arches mostly vary in span from 19 to '2S feet ; four at the north end have been taken down by the government engineers, 40*

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 218

46. O'Brien of Thomond defeats Ostmen at Thurles

    Thurles · town · Tipperary · 1170–1180

    Soon after the English invasion, the Ostmen of Dublin halted at Thurles on their march to reinforce Strongbow at Cashel, when O'Brien of Thomond suddenly attacked and defeated them with the loss of 400 men and four principal commanders. O'Brien afterwards compelled retreating English borderers to fall back at the same place.

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    TIIURLES, a market and post town, a parish, and the head of a union, in the barony of Eliogakty, county of TippERARY, and province of Munstkr, 24|- miles (N.) from Clonmel, and ~'i (S. W.) from Dublin, on the road from Cashel to Templemore ; containing 10,'284 inhabitants, of whom "523 are in the town. This place, originally called Durlas-O'Fogarty, is of great antiquity, and in the 10th century was the scene of a memorable battle between the Danes and the native Irish, in which the former suffered a signal defeat. Soon after the English invasion, the Ostmen of Dublin, on their march to reinforce Strongbow, who was then encamped at Cashel, halted at this place in careless security, when O'Brien of Thomond suddenly attacked and defeated them, with the loss of 400 of their men and their four principal commanders. O'Brien soon afterwards encountered the English borderers, who were extending their power in this direction ; and, meeting with them at this place, compelled them to retreat. A castle appears to have been erected here at an early period, and in 1'208 was besieged by Hugh de Lacy and taken from Geoffrey Mac Morris, by whom it was then occupied. In 1300 a monastery for Carmelites or 'White friars was founded by one of the Butler family, which at the Dissolution was granted, with all its dependencies, to Thomas, Earl of Ormonde. A preceptory of Knights Templars is said to have been also founded here, of which probably the castle before mentioned may have been a part; but no authentic record exists of such an establishment. The principal castle was erected by James Butler, the first Lord Palatine of Tipperary, one of whose descendants was, in 1535, created Viscount Thurles : this castle, during the parliamentary war, was garrisoned for the king, but was afterwards taken by the parliamentarian forces, by whom it was demolished.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 332

47. O'Briens-Bridge over the Shannon

    O'Briensbridge · townland · Clare

    O'Briens-Bridge derives its name from a fourteen-arch bridge built over the Shannon by one of the O'Briens, which withstood the current for several centuries. Government engineers later replaced four arches with cast-iron ones and dredged the river to seven feet.

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    O'BRIENS-BRIDGE, a parish and village, in the union of Limerick, barony of Tulla Lower, county of Clare, aud province of Munster, 6 miles (X. E.) from Limerick, on the road to Killaloe ; containing 4995 inhabitants, of whom 435 are in the village. This place, which is situated on the Shannon, derives its name from a bridge of 14 arches built over that river by one of the O'Briens, and which for several centuries has withstood the violent impetuosity of the current. The arches mostly vary in span from 19 to '2S feet ; four at the north end have been taken down by the government engineers, 40*

    who have replaced them by two cast-iron arches each 60 feet span, and dredged the river to the depth of 7 feet. The parish comprises 11,425 statute acres, mostly of poor and sandy soil. The village consists of one street, and contains 8'2 houses neatly built ; the neighbourhood is embellished with several handsome seats, the principal of which are Clonboy, Ross, Fuhers Lodge, and Fairy Lawn. An extensive flour and oatmill mill worked by steam affords employment to 50 men. A receiving-house for letters here is in connexion with Castle-Connell ; fairs arc held on July '25th and Nov. 7th, and packetboats pass daily to Dublin and Limerick. Near the village is Montpelier, a strongly impregnated sulphureous spring, in high repute for its efficacy in cutaneous diseases, and much frequented. The church was erected in 18'20, the late Board of First Fruits making a free grant of £300. The living is a perpetual curacy, in the diocese of Killaloe, and in the patronage of the Dean and Chapter; the stipend is, £46. 3. payable by the dean, and an augmentation of £'23 from Primate Boulter's fund. A glebe-house was built in 18'28, by a gift of £450 and a loan of £50 from the Board of First Fruits ; the glebe consists of 9 acres.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 218

48. O'Brien's Bridge pierhead and packet-boat connection

    O'Briensbridge · townland · Clare

    About a quarter of a mile from the village of O'Brien's Bridge is the pierhead where steamboats transfer cargoes and passengers to a packet-boat towed rapidly to Limerick. Boats ply daily between Limerick and Dublin via this route.

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    The TOWN is pleasantly situated on a rising ground on the western bank of the Shannon, near the noted falls of Killaloe, and about a mile from Lough Derg ; and is connected with the county of Tipperary by an ancient bridge of nineteen arches. It consists of one square, with a principal and several smaller streets, and contains about 300 houses. There is a small infantry barrack. A flourishing trade in stuffs, camlets, and serges was formerly carried on, and two well-supplied markets were held weekly ; but both the manufacture and the narkets have been discontinued. Above and below the bridge are numerous eel-weirs, which produce a strong current in the river ; and there is also a salmon-fishery. In the vicinity are some very extensive slate-quarries, from which, on an average, about 8000 tons are annually raised for the supply of the surrounding country to a great distance. A mill, with machinery driven by water, has been erected at an expense of £6000, for cutting and polishing stone and marble, and working them into mantel- pieces, flags, slabs, and other articles, in which about 100 men are employed, for whose residence near the works there are some handsome slated cottages. A spirit of cheerful industry and of enterprise seems to promise much for the increasing prosperity of the town. Close to the mill is a yard for boat-building, belonging to the Shannon Steam-Navigation Company, whose head-quarters are at this place and who have established a regular communication by steam-packets, for goods and passengers, up the Shannon, through Lough Derg to Portumna, Athlone, and Banagher, and from Banagher by canalboats to Dublin. The company afford employment to a great number of persons in the construction and repair of docks and warehouses. About a quarter of a mile from the village of O'Brien's-Bridge is the pierhead, where the steam-boats transfer their cargoes and passengers to a packet-boat, which is towed at a rapid rate to Limerick, between which place and Dublin boats ply daily ; the trip to Portumna and ■Williamstown is beautifully picturesque. Below the bridge the navigation of the Shannon is interrupted by a ridge of rocks, over which the water rushes with great noise ; and the appearance of the town at this place, with the waters of Lough Derg in the distance, and the venerable cathedral rising above the bridge and backed by a fine mountain range, is strikingly romantic. To remedy this obstruction of the navigation, the Board of Inland Navigation constructed a canal through the bishop's demesne, avoiding the rocks, and joining the river beyond the falls ; it also erected an hotel, called the Ponsonby Arms, for the accommodation of families visiting Lough Derg and its neighbourhood. The lake is about thirty miles in length, and abounds with beautiful and interesting scenery, more especially in that part which is near the town ; the shores are embellished ■with several handsome mansions, embosomed in luxuriant woods and plantations, and with several ancient and venerable castles. Pike, perch, trout, and various other fish are taken in abundance ; among them is found the Gallaroo trout. Fairs are held on April 5th, May 24th, Sept. 3rd, and Oct. 20th ; and petty-sessions once a fortnight. A constabulary police force is stationed in the town.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 33

49. O'Cahan chief seat at the Deer Park, vale of the Roe

    near Deer Park · townland · Derry

    The O'Cathans or O'Kanes held the territory of Tir Cahan in what is now County Londonderry, tributary to the O'Nials. Their chief seat was at a place now called the Deer Park, in the vale of the Roe.

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    The river Foyle appears to have been the Argita, and the Bann the Login, of Ptolemy ; and the intervening territory, constituting the present county of Londonderry, formed, according to this geographer, part of the country of the Dariiii or Darini, whose name appears to be perpetuated in the modern designation of "Derry." The earliest internal evidence represents the district as being chiefly the territory of the O'Cathans, O'Catrans, or O'Kanes, under the name of Tir Cahan or ri(/;i«?i-aff/)<, signifying " O'Kane's country:" they were a branch of, and tributary to, the O'Nials, and their chief seat was at a place now called the Deer Park, in the vale of the Roe. When their country was reduced to shire ground by Sir John Perrot, in the reign of Elizabeth, it was intended that Coleraine should be the capital ; and the county was therefore designated, and long bore the name of, " the county of Coleraine," although the ruins of the court-house and gaol then built for the county are at Desertmartin, 15 miles from the proposed capital. Derry was seized by the English towards the close of Elizabeth's reign, for the purpose of checking the power of O'Nial and O'Donnel ; and when the earls of Tyrone and Tyrconnel fled the country, in 1607, nearly the whole of six counties in Ulster were confiscated. At this period the southern side of the county appears to have been possessed by the O'Donnels, O'Conors, and O'Murrys : the O'Cahans were not among the attainted septs, and consequently, in the ensuing schemes of plantation, many of them were settled among the native freeholders by James I., though they afterwards forfeited their estates in the subsequent civil war.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 91

50. O'Cahan's castle 'Lemaraddij' or 'the Dog's Leap'

    near Limavady · town · Derry

    The district around Newtown-Limavady was anciently the territory of the O'Cahans, a powerful sept, whose castle stood on the brow of a romantic glen and was called Lemaraddij, meaning 'the Dog's Leap.' The town derived its Limavady adjunct from its contiguity to this castle.

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    NEWTOW^N-LIMAVADY, a market and post town (formerly a parliamentary borough), and the head of a union, in the parish of Drumachose, barony of Ke- NAUGHT, county of Londonderry, and province of Ulster, 12|- miles (E. N. E.) from the city of Londonderry, and 131 (N. byW.) from Dublin, on the road from Londonderry to Coleraine ; containing 3101 inhabitants. The district in which the town stands was anciently the territory of the O'Cahans or O'Canes, the head of a powerful and warlike sept, whose castle on the brow of a romantic glen was called Lemaraddij, or " the Dog's Leap." The estimation in which these chieftains were formerly held, ajipcars from the fact that Dermod O'Cahan was summoned by Edward II. to attend him with his forces on his disastrous expedition against Scotland : he went, but, instead of joining the army of the invader, was found in the ranks of the Scottish king at the battle of Bannockburn. After the general forfeiture of Ulster, in 1608, arising out of the attainder of the earls of Tyrone and Tyrconnel, Sir Thomas Philips, surveyor of the forfeited estates, obtained a grant of 1000 acres in this district, where he erected a castle and a bawn upon the eastern bank of the Roe, on a spot near the site on which a town named Ballyclose, now a suburb of Newtown-Limavady, previously existed. The town took its name Newtown from the circumstance of its modern erection ; and, to distinguish it from several others, acquired the adjunct of Limavady from its contiguity to O'Cahan's castle. It increased rapidly under the fostering care of its founder, who, in 1610, brought hither 25 English families ; and in 1613 the town obtained a charter, which is stated to have been granted on the petition of the inhabitants, and for the better plantation of Ulster. By this charter, the inhabitants were incorporated under the name of "the Provost, 12 Burgesses, and Commonalty,"' and a court of record was created, of which the provost was to be judge ; he was also to be clerk-of-the-market, and collector of the tolls and customs, which he retained for his own use. It likewise conferred a licence for holding a market on Monday, and a fair on July 1st (to which three others were added a few years afterwards) ; granted 300 acres of land for a common, and 375 for the maintenance of a free school to be erected at Limavady ; and the right of sending two members to parliament. A discretionary power of electing freemen was given to the provost and burgesses by the same charter.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 213

51. O'Carrolls' castle and Danish fort at Kinnitty

    Kinnitty · parish · Offaly

    The O'Carrolls possessed a castle at Kinnitty prior to the forfeitures of the 1641 war. Near Castle Bernard, a Danish fort yielded curious stone figures and valuable coins when excavated.

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    The living is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of Killaloe; of the rectory, one moiety is impropriate in the representatives of Henry Jackson, Esq., and the other, with the vicarage, was united by act of council in 1796 to the rectory and vicarage of Litterluna, and the vicarage of Roscomroe, and is in the patronage of the Bishop. The tithe rent-charge of the parish is £I'28. 1.6., of which £38. 1. 6. are payable to the impropriators, and the remainder to the vicar ; the tithe of the entire benefice of the incumbent is £1*3. 1. 6. The glebehouse was erected by aid of a gift of £100 and a loan of £600 from the Board of First Fruits, in ISIO; the glebe comprises 4 In. Ir. 11/). The church was rebuilt on an enlarged scale, in 1813, by a loan of £500 from the same Board, and the Ecclesiastical Commissioners recently granted £176 for its repair. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish is the head of a district, comprising also the parishes of Litterluna and Roscomroe ; there is a chapel in each. Of several schools, one is supported under the patronage of Col. Bernard, and an infants' and sewing-school by Lady Catherine Bernard ; there is also a Sunday school, to which is attached a clothing fund, supported by the rector and Lady Bernard ; and in the town is a dispensary. The O'Carrolls had a castle here previously to the forfeitures in the war of 1641 ; and near Castle Bernard is a Danish fort, from which some curious stone figures and valuable coins have been taken.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 59

52. O'Conor Don regains western Roscommon estates at Restoration

    Roscommon · town · Roscommon · 1660–1837

    At the Restoration, the O'Conor Don family regained part of its property on the western side of the county and has kept possession ever since. It is the only family in the county which still enjoys possessions held by it prior to the arrival of the English.

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    was opened for this county ; the king's title to the lands was produced, examined, and submitted to a jury composed of the principal inhabitants, who were told by the earl that His Majesty's intention in establishing his title was to make them a rich and civil people, and particifiators in the glorious and excellent work of reformation which he had now undertaken : to these persuasive arguments he joined threats, and thus he induced the jury unhesitatingly to give a verdict in favour of the crown. The deputy then published a proclamation, whereby all proprietors throughout the province were assured of easy composition, and of new and indefeasible grants. In the war of 1641, Roscommon for some time took no part : but in the succeeding disturbances its ancient families joined with the confederate Catholics, and obtained entire possession of the country, although they were twice defeated by Lord Ranelagh, president of Connaught. Accordingly, on the termination of the war, they were stripped of their possessions, which were divided among English and Scotch adventurers. At the Restoration, however, the family of O'Conor Don regained part of its property on the western side of the county, and it has ever since kept possession of the estates : it is, therefore, the only family in this county which now enjoys the possessions held by it previously to the arrival of the English.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 258

53. O'Conor Roe's castle and Dominican monastery at Tulsk

    Tulsk · townland · Roscommon · 1406–1448

    O'Conor Roe erected a castle at Tulsk in 1406, and during the same century a Dominican monastery was founded there by uncertain patrons. Phelim, son of Phelim Cleary O'Conor, was interred at the monastery in 1448.

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    TULLYVIN.— See Killersherdiny. TULSK, a post-town or village (formerly an incorporated market-town and parliamentary borough), in the parish of Ogulla, union, barony, and county of Roscommon, province of Connaught, 8 miles (N.) from Roscommon, and 79|- (W. N. \V.) from Dublin ; containing 133 inhabitants. O'Conor Roe erected a castle here in 1406 ; and during the same century a Dominican monastery was founded, either by Mac Duil or O'Dowel, or by Phelim, son of Phelim Cleary O'Conor, who was interred here in 1448. The castle was for along time one of the strongest in the province, and was garrisoned by the Earl of Kildare when he led his forces into this province in 1499. The monastery existed till the reign of Elizabeth ; but for some time prior to the Dissolution its possessions had been usurped by the corporation of Galway. A Dominican abbey was founded at Toemonia, near the town, by O'Conor Roe, and in the reign of Elizabeth was in the occupation of Franciscans of the third order, on whose suppression it was granted by the Queen to Richard Kyndelinshe. The inhabitants were incorporated by Charles II., in the fourteenth year of his reign, by the designation of the " Portreeve, Free Burgesses, and Commonalty of the Borough of Tulsk :" the charter also conferred the elective franchise, with power to hold a court of record and a weekly market. Under this charter the corporation consisted of a portreeve, 15 free burgesses, and an indefinite number of freemen, assisted by two serjeants-at-mace and other officers appointed in the usual manner. The portreeve and free burgesses continued to return two members to the Irish parliament till the Union, when the borough was disfranchised. The court of record, which had jurisdiction to the amount of £5, has been long discontinued ; the corporation has become extinct, and the town has dwindled into an insignificant village consisting only of a few straggling cottages and one shop. Fairs are held on Easter-Monday and the first Monday in November (O. S.). In the village is a receiving-house for letters in connexion with Strokestown ; a constabulary police force is stationed in it ; and petty-sessions are held weekly. There are some remains of the ancient abbey, situated in a large cemetery which is still used ; the chief feature is a double-arched doorway divided in the centre by a round pillar of elegant design and in good preservation. The surrounding district is extremely rich, and afifords luxuriant pasturage. 613

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 360

54. O'Conor seat at Dingan renamed Philipstown

    Daingean · town · Offaly · 1546–1837

    The ancient settlement of Dingan (Killaderry) was the chief seat of the O'Conors, chieftains of Offaly, until 1546 when Sir William Brabazon subdued the area and erected a castle. Under Philip and Mary the place was renamed Philipstown and made the assize town of King's County. Ruins of the old castle, covered with ivy, were still visible.

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    PHILIPSTOWN, a market and post town (formerly the assize town of the county, and a parliamentary borough), in the parish of Killaderry, union of Tulla- MORE, barony of Lower Philwstown, Kino's county, and province of Leinster, 7 miles (S. E.) from Tullamore, and 47 (S. \V.) from Dublin; containing 1489 inhabitants. This place, the ancient name of which was Dingan and Killaderry, was the chief scat of the O'Conors, chieftains of the surrounding district, then called Otfaly, of which they retained possession until 1546. In that year, Brian O'Conor, having united his forces with Patrick O'More, chieftain of the neighbouring territory of Lei.x, made an incursion into the county of Kildare, and burned a great part of Athy, whereupon Sir William Brabazon, lord-justice of Ireland, caused them to be proclaimed as traitofs ; marched a large force into Offaly, which he laid waste with fire and sword ; and forced O'Conor to take refuge in Connaught. Sir William, to secure his newly acquired po.ssessions, erected a castle here, the name of which, in the subsequent reign of Philip and Mary, when the territories of Offaly and Leix were reduced to shire ground under the names of the King's and Queen's counties, was changed from Dingan to Philipstown, in honour of the king, and the place made the assize town of the former of these counties. In 1569, it obtained a charter of incorporation from Elizabeth, which conferred the same liberties and free usages as the town of Naas enjoyed ; also a Thursday market, and other minor privileges : this charter was followed by a grant of lands in the next j'ear. In 16/3, Chief- Justice Bysse obtained a licence to hold two fairs. Auother charter granted in the 4th year of James II., conferred on Philipstown the privilege of returning two members to parliament. Afterwards, during the war of that period, it was burned by the same king's troops. At the Union it was deprived of the right of returning representatives, in consequence of which the borough gradually declined, until at length the corporate jurisdiction fell into total desuetude. The act of the 2nd and 3rd of William IV., by which the assizes were removed from Philipstown to TuUamore, completely extinguished its political importance, and reduced it nearly to the rank of a village.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 230

55. O'Conors' fort of Dingen renamed Philipstown

    Daingean · town · Offaly · 1557

    The fort of Dingen, formerly the chief seat of the O'Conors, was renamed Philipstown when the King's and Queen's counties were erected in 1557 in honour of Philip and Mary.

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    themselves submitted, and attended St. Leger into England, where they were thrown into confinement ; and their lands, being declared forfeited, were shared among English officers and settlers. The O'Carrolls, occupying the remotest situation, appear to have been the least affected by these disastrous events. The new arrangements were completed in 154S, and procured for Bellingham the honour of knighthood and the government of Ireland. But the old Irish families did not patiently relinquish their claims and possessions ; they were indefatigable in their efforts to resist what they deemed an unjust usurpation. Numbers were consequently cut off in the field, or executed by martial law ; and the whole race would have been extirpated in the reign of Mary, had not the Earls of Kildare and Ormonde interceded with the queen, and become sureties for the peaceable behaviour of the survivors. By an Irish statute in ir).57. Lord Sussex was empowered to grant estates or leases in the districts recovered from the Irish inhabitauts. Another, reciting their forfeiture to the crown by rebellion, erected certain lands into the King's and Queen's counties, so named in honour of Philip and Mary ; the former comprised Ophaly, and such part of Glenmalire as lay east of the Barrow, and had for its capital the fort of Dingen, formerly the chief seat of the O'Conors, and henceforward called Philipstown. In this division was included a small portion of the county of Kildare, containing the parishes of Harristown and Kilbracken, which until lately, though completely inclosed by Kildare, continued to form part of the King's county. During the entire reign of Elizabeth, the desultory attempts of the natives against the English forces were continued ; and the most unscrupulous measures were, on the other hand, exercised against them. In 1599, the Lord-Lieutenant entered the county with a force of '2.500 men, and totally defeated the O'Conors ; but in the following year they became as troublesome as before : at length. Sir Oliver Lambert was sent thither at the head of 1000 foot and 100 horse, and after raising the siege of Philipstown, which had been closely pressed by the insurgents, he dispersed them so completely that no resistance of any importance was afterwards attempted.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 58

56. Octagonal stone cross replacing ancient cross destroyed 1641

    near Newtownards · town · Down · 1641

    An octagonal stone cross with canopied niches was built by the corporation in the centre of Newtownards to replace an earlier cross destroyed by insurgents in 1641. The replacement cross stands as a civic monument in the town.

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    By the charter of James I. the corporation consisted, until its dissolution in 1840, of a provost, twelve free burgesses, and an indefinite number of freemen, assisted by two serjeants-at-mace. The provost, who was also judge of the borough court of record, and clerk-ofthe-market, was to be chosen annually from the free burgesses on the festival of St. John the Baptist, and sworn into office on that of St. Michael ; the free burgesses, as vacancies occurred, were to be chosen from the freemen by the provost and a majority of their own body, by whom also the freemen were admitted by favour only ; and the serjeants-at-mace were appointed by the corporati(m. The public business was transacted by a " Quarter court," consisting of 23 inhabitants, who were summoned and sworn by the provost as grand jurors ; they acted as a court leet in the election of various officers under the corporation, and exercised the power of presentment to be levied on the borough for various purposes. This court, which from its name would appear to have been once held quarterly, was for some time prior to 1S40 held annually, before the provost, between Michaelmas and Christmas. The corporation, under their charter, continued to return two members to the Irish parliament till the Union, when the borough was disfranchised. The borough court of record, which had jurisdiction to the amout of five marks, has long been discontinued. The provost was for some time prior to 1840 either re-elected annually, or, being once elected, continued to hold his office for life ; the burgesses were no longer chosen from the resident freemen, nor had the corporation, since 1821, exercised any municipal functions, except the holding of the Quarter court by the provost. In 1842 the inhabitants adopted the provisions of the act 9th George IV., cap. 82, for Lighting and Watching. A manor court is held before a seneschal appointed by the Marquis of Londonderry, every third Saturday, for the recovery of debts not exceeding £10 ; and a court leet annually, at which various officers are appointed for the manor, and also a constable for the borough, whose sole duty it is to assist in preserving the peace. The general-sessions for the county are held here, in June and December, before the assistant b::rrister for the division of Downpatrick ; petty-sessions are held on the first and third Saturdays in every month, and a constabulary police force is stationed in the town. The church, built by Sir Hugh Montgomery, has been converted into a court-house, recently fitted up by the Marquis of Londonderry, and in which the sessions are held. The town-hall, for the transaction of the town business, is a handsome structure in the Grecian-Doric style, erected in 1*70 by the first Marquis of Londonderry: it is surmounted by a cupola containing a clock, beneath which is the entrance into an area leading through the centre, on one side.^f which is the flesh-market, and on the other a weigh-house and other requisite offices and stores ; above is an elegant suite of assembly-rooms, with other apartments, in which the members of the Down hunt hold meetings. A stone cross of octagonal form, decorated with canopied niches, was built by the late corporation in the centre of the town, to replace the ancient cross destroyed by the insurgents in 1^41. 39-

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 213

57. Odder nunnery founded by Barnwall family

    Odder · townland · Meath · 1180–1200

    Towards the close of the twelfth century, a nunnery for Regular Canonesses of the order of St. Augustine was founded at Odder by the Barnwall family. Several cells of nuns in Meath were annexed to this house, and some remains still exist.

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    ODDER, a parish, in the union of Du.nshaughlin, barony of Skreen, county of Meath, and province of Leinster, 4^ miles (N. N. W.) from Dunshaughlin ; comprising 1'204 statute acres. Towards the close of the twelfth century, a nunnery was founded here for Regular Canonesses of the order of St. Augustine by the family of Barnwall, of which some remains still exist : several cells of nuns in Meath were annexed to this house. Odder is in the diocese of Meath : the rectory is entirely impropriate in the Misses Blundell ; the tithe rent-charge is £30.

    ODOGH, or Three-Castles, a parish, in the barony of Cranagh, union and county of Kilkenny, and province of Leinster, 4^ miles (X. W.) from Kilkenny, on the road to Freshford and Durrow ; containing 1402 inhabitants. This parish, which is intersected by the river Nore, comprises 4542 statute acres. The river, over which is a neat stone bridge, adds much interest to the surrounding scenery, which is also enlivened by a seat, called Three- Castles, situated in a pleasing demesne ; and by the Grange, a neat residence. At Mount Eagle is an extensive distillery. A constabulary police force is stationed in the parish. The living is a vicarage, in the diocese of Ossory, united by act of council in 1797, to the vicarages of Donoughmore and Coolcraheen, and in the alternate patronage of the Crown and the Bishop : the rectory is impropriate in the representatives of Sir Jaraes Tynte, Bart. The tithe rent-charge of the parish is £225, of which £150 are payable to the impropriators. The glebe-house was built in 179s by the then incumbent, at a cost exceeding £800, aided by £100 from the Board of First Fruits; the glebe comprises 20 acres. The gross income of the benefice of the vicar, before the passing of the Rentcharge act, was £370. The church, a neat building, was erected about the year 1796, and for that purpose

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 218

58. O'Dogherty's insurrection takes Culmore and Derry

    near Derry · city · Derry · 1608

    In 1608, Sir Cahir O'Dogherty, the young chief of Inishowen, led an insurrection in which he captured both Culmore Fort and Derry. Sir George Paulet and his men were slain at Derry, the inhabitants fled, and the town was plundered and burned.

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    Edward II. granted the town to Richard de Burgo, Earl of Ulster, in 1311 ; but from this period till the reign of Elizabeth, prior to which the English exercised no settled dominion in Derry, no event of importance connected with the place is recorded. In 1565 Edward Randolph arrived in the Foyle with seven companies of foot and one troop of horse, to repress Shane O'Nial, Earl of Tyrone, who had renounced his allegiance to the English crown ; and a sanguinary engagement taking place on the plains of Muff, the Irish chieftain was signally defeated. An encampment was then formed by the English near the city ; but in a sally against some of O'Nial's forces, who had ostentatiously paraded before it, the English general was slain by a party who had concealed themselves in an adjoining wood, and the command of the garrison was given to Colonel St. Lo. The English converted the cathedral into an arsenal, and on the 24th of April, 1566, the gunpowder blew up by accident, with so much damage as to render the place untenable ; the foot embarked for Dublin, to which city also the horse returned, passing through Tyrconnell and Connaught to avoid O'Nial. In 1599 it was again determined to fortify Derry, a measure long deemed essential in order to divide and check the power of O'Nial and O'Donell, the accomplishment of which object was favoured by its situation and the friendship of O'Dogherty of Ennishowen. With that view Sir Henry Docwra, in 1600, entered the Foyle with a British force of 4000 foot and 200 horse, and landed at Culmore, at the mouth of the river, where he erected a fort. He soon obtained possession of the city, and constructed fortifications and other works for its defence ; pulling down the abbey, cathedral, and other ecclesiastical buildings, for the sake of the materials. On the termination of the war at the commencement of 1603, the garrison was reduced to 1 00 horse and 1 50 foot under the governor, and 200 foot under Captain Hansard ; while at Culmore were left 20 men. Sir Henry now directed his attention to the improvement of the place, and with so much zeal as to entitle him to be regarded as the founder of the modern city. A number of English colonists settled here on his invitation ; he obtained grants of markets and fairs, and, in 1604, a charter of incorporation with ample privileges. But in 1608, after the flight and forfeiture of O'Nial and O'Donell, the growing prosperity of the new city was checked by the insurrection of Sir Cahir O'Dogherty, the young chief of Ennishowen, who took both Culmore Fort and Derry, at the latter of which Sir George Paulet (to whom Sir Henry Docwra had alienated all his interests) and his men were slain ; as many of the inhabitants as could escape fled, and the town was plundered and burned.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 99

59. O'Dogherty slain at Kilbixy abbey demesne

    Kilbixy · townland · Westmeath · 1558–1603

    During the reign of Elizabeth, O'Dogherty of Connaught encamped in the abbey demesne at Kilbixy with about 600 followers. Being attacked by the queen's forces and refused admission into the abbey, he was slain with all his party.

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    KILBIXY, a parish, in the union of Mulungar, barony of Moygoish, county of Westmeath, and province of Leinster ; containing, with the market and post town of Ballinacargy, 2246 inhabitants. The castle of Kilbixy is said to have been built by Hugh de Lacy, in 1192, and was subsequently the seat of Geoffry de Constantine, who founded at Tristernagh a priory of Canons Regular, sometimes called the priory of Kilbixy, and richly endowed it. The last prior was Edmund Nugent, Bishop of Kildare, who held it with his bishopric ; and a pension of £26. 13. 4. was granted to him on its surrender. In 1590 a lease of it was granted to Captain W. Piers, at a rent of £60, and the lands are still held by his descendants. It was finally destroyed in 1783. The town arose under the protection of the castle, and in the reign of Henry VI. was one of the borough towns of Meath. Sir Henry Piers, in his chorographical description of the county, states, that in 1782, part of the burgage castle, with 40 acres called the burgage land, existed, besides the ruins of many ancient houses and castles. The place had once an hospital, called the Leper-house of St. Bridgid, of which there are still some ruins. In the reign of Elizabeth, O'Dogherty of Connaught encamped in the abbey demesne with about 600 followers, and being attacked by the queen's forces and refused admission into the abbey, was slain with all his party. The parish contains 6493^ statute acres, and is richly embellished with

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 14

60. O'Dogherty tower built for ODonoll in Londonderry

    near Derry · city · Derry · 1400–1600

    A small square tower was built by O'Dogherty for ODonoll in Londonderry in the 15th or 16th century. No vestige of it can now be traced.

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    In addition to the Ecclesiastical buildings already recorded, here was a Franciscan Mendicant friary of unknown foundation, with a churchyard containing about three acres, the site of which is occupied by Abbeystreet and others ; the foundations were discovered a few years ago by some workmen, but no vestiges of any of the buildings are now remaining. The only religious house preserved on the erection of the new city was the church of St. Augustine, which was repaired, and used prior to the erection of the present cathedral, after which it was known as " the Little church ;" its site is now occupied by the bishop's garden. A small square tower was built by O'Dogherty for ODonoll, in the 15th or I6th century ; but no vestige of it can now be traced. Near the Roman Catholic chapel, outside the walls, are St. Columb's If'elts, originally three in number, and called by separate names, but of which one is dried up ; the water, though considered in remote parts of the island a specific for diseases of the eye, is here held in little repute. In the centre of St. Columb's-lane, adjacent to the wells, is .S^ Columb's Stone, on each side of which are two oval hollows artificially formed, concerning which various legends are related ; the water deposited by rain in these hollows is believed to possess a miraculous power in curing various diseases. The shutting of the gates by the apprentice boys on Dec. 7th, 1688 (O. S.), and the opening of them on Aug. l'2th following, are annually commemorated, but the ceremony has been somewhat modified since ISS^, in which year an act was passed declaring such a commemoration illegal ; they have led to the establishment of three distinct clubs of apprentice boys, under ditferent denominations. George Farquhar, the dramatic poet, was born here in 16*8; and the Rev. William Hamilton, D.D., author of " Letters concerning the Northern Coast of the County of Antrim," and other productions on natural history, who was assassinated at tlie house of Dr. Waller, at Sharon, on March 2nd, 1797, was also a native of the place. Londonderry gives the titles of Earl and !Marquess to the family of Stewart.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 106