A topographical dictionary of Ireland : comprising the several counties; cities; boroughs; corporate, market and post towns; parishes; and villages, with historical and statistical descriptions embellished with engravings of the arms of the cities, bishopricks, corporate towns, and boroughs ; and of the seals of the several municipal corporations .. (vol. 2)

Each story keeps the passage it was read from. Open one to read it as the scan has it, and, where the companion has written its own telling, that too. The passages are read off photographs of the page by machine, so a word here and there comes out wrong; they are kept as the reading produced them, so you can check any of them against the scan.

1. Rush Roman Catholic chapel with embattled tower added 1833

   Rush · town · Dublin · 1737–1837

   The Roman Catholic chapel at Rush was built about 100 years before the 1837 publication, and an embattled tower surmounted with a cross was added to it in 1833 by subscription. The interior has a carved altar-piece brought from France.

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   RUSH, a small sea-port and fishing town, in the parish of Li'Sk, union and barony of Balrothery, county of Dublin, and province of Leinster, 6 miles (N.E.) from Swords, and I3A (N. byE.) from Dublin; containing 1603 inhabitants. This town, which is situated on the eastern coast, contains 338 houses, chiefly inhabited by fishermen; and has, since the I6th century, been celebrated for the great quantities of ling which are taken and cured by the inhabitants. Previously to the discontinuance of the bounties, 22 boats were employed in this fishery ; but the number has been reduced to 16, of about 40 tons each, carrying seven or eight men. The harbour is difficult of access, and adapted only for small vessels ; the channel has from seven to eight feet depth at low wafer, and is much exposed to a heavy swell during the prevalence of winds from the north-east. A small pier has been erected on a ledge of rock extending into the sea and covered on the north side by a reef of rocks ; it affords good accommodation to the vessels employed in the fishery. The sands are celebrated for early potatoes, which are produced in abundance. On the south side of the bay, and to the east of the pier, are beds of fine compact limestone and black slate-clay and conglomerate limestone alternating. A coast-guard station has been established here, forming one of the nine which constitute the district of Swords ; a constabulary police force is stationed in the town, and there is a martello tower on the beach. A patent exists for fairs on May 1st and Sept. SQth, but they are not held. The parish church is three miles distant ; and therefore, for the accommodation of the town, divine service is performed once every Sunday in the parochial schoolroom, a large and commodious building, in which are a lending library and a depository of bibles. In the Roman Catholic divisions the town forms the head of a union, including also Lambay island and part of the adjoining districts ; there are chapels at Rush and on Lambay Island. The former was built about HO years since, and an embattled tower surmounted with a cross was added to it in 1833, by subscription ; the interior is well fitted up, and has a carved altar-piece brought from France. Adjoining is the residence of the parish priest, built in 1823 by subscription, to which the late Mrs. Palmer, of Rush House, largely contributed, also giving an acre and a half of land for a site. A dispensary in the town is supported in the usual manner.

   Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 268

2. Russagh: church remains, Danish raths, and mineral springs

   Russagh · townland · Westmeath

   The parish of Russagh in county Westmeath contains some remains of the church with its cemetery, as well as some Danish raths and mineral springs. The parish extends south to the river Inny and includes the small lake of Lough Gar or Cappa.

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   RUSSAGH, a parish, in the union of Granard, barony of Moygoish, county of Westmeath, and province of Leinster, 4i miles (S. E.) from Edgeworthstown, and on the road from Dublin to Sligo ; containing 665 inhabitants. This parish, which extends on the south to the river Inny, and includes the small lake of Lough Gar or Cappa, comprises 2568 statute acres, which, exclusive of a portion of bog, are in general good land and chiefly under tillage. The soil is fertile, and the system of agriculture improving ; limestone abounds, and is quarried for agricultural purposes : there are also quarries of black flagstone of very fine quality. The living is a vicarage, in the diocese of Ardagh, and in the patronage of the Bishop : the rectory is impropriate in Major Bond, and the tithe rent-charge is £65, of which £42 are payable to the impropriator, and tlie remainder to the bishop ; the glebe comprises 14 acres, valued at £21. 14. per annuniT There is no church, but divine service is performed in a private house licensed by the bishop. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish is the head of a district, comprising also the parish of Rathaspick ; the chapel for the district is situated near the village of Rathowen. There are some remains of the church, with its cemetery ; and some Danish raths, and mineral springs.

   RUTLAND, an island, in the parish of Temple-

   Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 268

3. Rutland Island castle at Pynnar's survey

   Rutland Island or Inishmacadurn · townland · Donegal

   At the period of Pynnar's survey, a small old castle with a bawn stood on Rutland Island, where a few English families had settled. The island contains 313 statute acres, chiefly rocky and coarse mountain land with bog.

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   anciently called Innismacdurn, received its present name from its proprietor, an ancestor of the Marquess Conyngham, in compliment to Charles, Duke of Rutland, who was at the time lord-lieutenant of Ireland. At the period of Pynnar's survey here was a small old castle with a bawn, where a few English families had settled. The isle is situated off the north-western coast, forming one of the group of islands called the Rosses, and contains 313 statute acres, chiefly rocky and coarse mountain land, with a considerable quantity of bog. The harbour is narrow, and fit only for small vessels. The inhabitants, in each of the years 17S4 and 1/85, realised £40,000 from the herring-fishery off the coast ; and the great abundance of herrings found at that time induced Colonel Conyngham to expend £50,000 in building houses and stores and forming a town here, and in constructing roads through the mountains on the coast to the champaign country in the interior. From that period, however, the fishery began to decline ; in 1793 it entirely failed ; and though it afterwards began to revive, it never regained its former prosperity. The females are employed in knitting coarse yarn-stockings. On the I6th of September, 1798, James Napper Tandy landed here from the French brig Anacreon from Brest, with three boats full of officers and men, accompanied by General Rey and Colonel Blackwell ; but after remaining for a day and a night, hearing that the French who had landed at Kilcummin had surrendered and been made prisoners, they re-embarked. On the island is a coast-guard station, forming one of the seven that constitute the district of Dunfanaghy ; a dispensary is maintained in the usual way.

   Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 269

4. Rutland Island herring fishery boom and decline

   Rutland Island or Inishmacadurn · townland · Donegal · 1784–1793

   In 1784 and 1785 the inhabitants realised £40,000 each year from the herring-fishery. Colonel Conyngham expended £50,000 in building houses, stores, roads and forming a town, but the fishery declined and entirely failed in 1793.

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   anciently called Innismacdurn, received its present name from its proprietor, an ancestor of the Marquess Conyngham, in compliment to Charles, Duke of Rutland, who was at the time lord-lieutenant of Ireland. At the period of Pynnar's survey here was a small old castle with a bawn, where a few English families had settled. The isle is situated off the north-western coast, forming one of the group of islands called the Rosses, and contains 313 statute acres, chiefly rocky and coarse mountain land, with a considerable quantity of bog. The harbour is narrow, and fit only for small vessels. The inhabitants, in each of the years 17S4 and 1/85, realised £40,000 from the herring-fishery off the coast ; and the great abundance of herrings found at that time induced Colonel Conyngham to expend £50,000 in building houses and stores and forming a town here, and in constructing roads through the mountains on the coast to the champaign country in the interior. From that period, however, the fishery began to decline ; in 1793 it entirely failed ; and though it afterwards began to revive, it never regained its former prosperity. The females are employed in knitting coarse yarn-stockings. On the I6th of September, 1798, James Napper Tandy landed here from the French brig Anacreon from Brest, with three boats full of officers and men, accompanied by General Rey and Colonel Blackwell ; but after remaining for a day and a night, hearing that the French who had landed at Kilcummin had surrendered and been made prisoners, they re-embarked. On the island is a coast-guard station, forming one of the seven that constitute the district of Dunfanaghy ; a dispensary is maintained in the usual way.

   Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 269

5. Rutland Island renamed from Innismacdurn

   Rutland Island or Inishmacadurn · townland · Donegal

   The island anciently called Innismacdurn received its present name from its proprietor, an ancestor of the Marquess Conyngham, in compliment to Charles, Duke of Rutland, then lord-lieutenant of Ireland. It forms one of the group of islands called the Rosses off the north-western coast.

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   anciently called Innismacdurn, received its present name from its proprietor, an ancestor of the Marquess Conyngham, in compliment to Charles, Duke of Rutland, who was at the time lord-lieutenant of Ireland. At the period of Pynnar's survey here was a small old castle with a bawn, where a few English families had settled. The isle is situated off the north-western coast, forming one of the group of islands called the Rosses, and contains 313 statute acres, chiefly rocky and coarse mountain land, with a considerable quantity of bog. The harbour is narrow, and fit only for small vessels. The inhabitants, in each of the years 17S4 and 1/85, realised £40,000 from the herring-fishery off the coast ; and the great abundance of herrings found at that time induced Colonel Conyngham to expend £50,000 in building houses and stores and forming a town here, and in constructing roads through the mountains on the coast to the champaign country in the interior. From that period, however, the fishery began to decline ; in 1793 it entirely failed ; and though it afterwards began to revive, it never regained its former prosperity. The females are employed in knitting coarse yarn-stockings. On the I6th of September, 1798, James Napper Tandy landed here from the French brig Anacreon from Brest, with three boats full of officers and men, accompanied by General Rey and Colonel Blackwell ; but after remaining for a day and a night, hearing that the French who had landed at Kilcummin had surrendered and been made prisoners, they re-embarked. On the island is a coast-guard station, forming one of the seven that constitute the district of Dunfanaghy ; a dispensary is maintained in the usual way.

   Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 269

6. Sacred fire of St. Bridget extinguished at Kildare, 1220

   Kildare · town · Kildare · 1220

   In 1220 the sacred fire maintained at Kildare from the time of St. Bridget was extinguished by Henry de Londres, archbishop of Dublin. It was soon afterwards rekindled and continued to burn until the Reformation.

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   From this period till the commencement of the 11th century, the annals of Kildare present only a continued series of Danish rapine and massacre ; and scarcely had the ravages of these invaders ceased, when the town was plundered by the people of Hyfaolan. It was either wholly or in part destroyed by fire in 1038, 1040, 10*1, 1088, and 1089; and, in 1135, the abbess of the monastery was forcibly taken from her cloister by Dermod Mac Murrough, King of Leinster, who compelled her to marry one of his followers ; on which occasion not less than 170 inhabitants of the town and inmates of the abbey were slaughtered. Till the time of the English invasion, the town and monastery were continually exposed to depredation by fire and sword ; but shortly after that event, one of the English adventurers who had obtained possession of this territory erected a castle for its defence. In 1'220, the sacred fire, which had been maintained here from the time of St. Bridget, was extinguished by Henry de Londres, archbishop of Dublin ; it was, however, soon afterwards rekindled, and continued to burn till the Reformation. In 1260, a monastery was founded by William de Vescy, for Grey friars, which was completed by Gerald Fitzmaurice. Lord Offaly ; the same William also founded a convent for Carmelite friars in 1'290; and in 1294, Calbhach O'Connor of Offaly took the town and castle by force, and destroyed all the rolls of the Earl of Kildare. A parliament was held here in 1309, or the beginning of the following year; and in 1316, the castle and town were granted to John Fitzgerald, who was at that time created Earl of Kildare ; but in the wars during the reign of Elizabeth, the town was reduced to a state of entire ruin and depopulation. In 1641, the castle was garrisoned by the Earl of Castlehaven, but in 164"

   K I L— D A

   Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 20

7. Sadler's linen mill at Dundrum, 1826

   Dundrum · townland · Armagh · 1826

   In 1826 the Messrs. Sadler of Leeds erected a very extensive linen establishment at Dundrum and were the first to attempt making linen from mill-spun yarn in the neighbourhood. They carried on the manufacture of fine linen, after which the increase of the trade was very rapid.

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   attracted the attention of some enterprising Englishmen, who formed a large bleaching establishment here about the year 1750, and laid the foundation of the linen trade ; previously to which, the whole of the surrounding country had been little better than an uncultivated heath. After the retirement of tlie parties who originally introduced the trade, it began to decline ; but in 1826, the Messrs. Sadler, of Leeds, erected a very extensive establishment at Dundrum, and were the first who attempted to make hnen from mill-spun yarn, and who carried on the manufacture of fine linen in this neighbourhood. Since that period, the increase of the trade has been very rapid. There are some large mills for spinning flax at New Holland and Darkley, in which upwards of 700 persons (principally young females) are constantly employed : an extensive manufactory for fine linen has been established at Ballier, affording employment to 2500 persons ; another for sheeting at Dundrum i and bleach-greens at Anvale, Greenmount, Dundrum, Ballier, Millview, Darkley, and Linenvale, where about 235,000 pieces of linen are annually finished, principally for the English market. Within the parish are three lakes, called Clay, TuUynavad, and Aughnagurgan, the waters of which are dammed up at a great expense by the proprietors, and an abundant supply is secured throughout the year. The town consists of 250 houses, many of them well built. The market is on Friday, for linen-yarn and general provisions ; and fairs for live stock are held on the second Friday of every month. Here is a constabulary police station ; a manor court is held monthly for the recovery of debts under £2, and petty-sessions in the court-house every Friday. The court-house and the market-place are comraodiously arranged.

   Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 1

8. Saintfield: birthplace of Hutcheson, philosopher

   near Saintfield · town · Down

   Hutcheson, the author of a work on Moral Philosophy, was a native of the parish of Saintfield. Saintfield House, the elegant residence of the Price family, sits on elevated ground near the town.

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   The living is a vicarage, in the diocese of Down, and in the alternate patronage of the Earl of Carrick and Viscount Bangor ; the rectory is impropriate in the proprietors of the soil, and the tithe rent-charge is £459. 1. 8., of which £131. 15. are payable to Viscount Bangor, £110. 6. to Mr. Price, £6. 18. 6. to Lord Dufferin, and the remainder to the vicar. The glebe comprises 10^ acres, valued at £25. 6. per annum ; the glebe-house is a large and handsome building, erected in 1750 at the expense of the then incumbent. The church, in the town, is a large structure in the early English style, with a square tower. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish is the head of a district, comprising this parish and that of Killinchy, in each of which is a chapel. The parochial school, in the town, was built by Mr. Price, and endowed by him with an acre of land ; a female school, built by subscription, is partially supported by the vicar ; and there are other public schools. Hutcheson, the author of a work on Moral Philosophy, was a native of the parish.

   SALT

   Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 269

9. Saintfield: first 1798 battle in the north

   near Saintfield · town · Down · 1798

   The first battle in the north of Ireland during the 1798 disturbances was fought at Saintfield on June 9th, when the York Fencibles were beaten back and retreated to Cumber.

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   SAINTFIELD, or Tonaghnieve, a post-town and parish, in the union of Lisburn, barony of Upper Castlereagh, county of Down, and province of Ulster, 9 miles (N. W.) from Downpatrick, and 785 (N. by E.) from Dublin, at the termination of the coach-road branching from Dromore, by way of Ballinahinch ; containing 7156 inhabitants, of whom 909 are in the town. It consists of one long street intersected by a shorter one, comprising 183 houses, the greater number of which are built of stone and slated. At this place the first battle was fought in the north of Ireland during the disturbances of 1798, on June 9th, when the York Fencibles were beaten back, and retreated to Cumber. The proprietor and lord of the manor, N. Price, Esq., improved the town in 1802, when he erected a large market-house and hotel. According to the Ordnance survey, the parish comprises 13,333f statute acres, 280 of which are roads and waste, and 118 bog; the land is generally good, and nearly all arable. Here is a chief constabulary police station : a manor court is held every third Saturday in the court-house, at which debts to the amount of £10 are recoverable; petty-sessions are also held in the court-house on alternate Tuesdays. Mr. Price gave premiums for the encouragement of a market and fairs, so that they rank amongst the best in the north of Ireland ; the market is held every Monday, and the fairs take place on Jan. 26th, the second Thursday (O. S.) in Feb. and March, the third Thursday in April and May, June 26th, July 30th, Aug. 26th, the third Thursday in Sept., Oct. 26th, the third Thursday in Nov., and the Thursday after Christmas. The principal seats are, Saintfield House, the elegant residence of the family of Price, situated on elevated ground near the town ; Mill House ; and the glebe-house : there are several excellent farmhouses.

   Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 269

10. Saintfield improved by N. Price, 1802

    near Saintfield · town · Down · 1802

    N. Price, proprietor and lord of the manor of Saintfield, improved the town in 1802 by erecting a large market-house and hotel. He also gave premiums encouraging market and fairs, making them amongst the best in the north of Ireland.

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    SAINTFIELD, or Tonaghnieve, a post-town and parish, in the union of Lisburn, barony of Upper Castlereagh, county of Down, and province of Ulster, 9 miles (N. W.) from Downpatrick, and 785 (N. by E.) from Dublin, at the termination of the coach-road branching from Dromore, by way of Ballinahinch ; containing 7156 inhabitants, of whom 909 are in the town. It consists of one long street intersected by a shorter one, comprising 183 houses, the greater number of which are built of stone and slated. At this place the first battle was fought in the north of Ireland during the disturbances of 1798, on June 9th, when the York Fencibles were beaten back, and retreated to Cumber. The proprietor and lord of the manor, N. Price, Esq., improved the town in 1802, when he erected a large market-house and hotel. According to the Ordnance survey, the parish comprises 13,333f statute acres, 280 of which are roads and waste, and 118 bog; the land is generally good, and nearly all arable. Here is a chief constabulary police station : a manor court is held every third Saturday in the court-house, at which debts to the amount of £10 are recoverable; petty-sessions are also held in the court-house on alternate Tuesdays. Mr. Price gave premiums for the encouragement of a market and fairs, so that they rank amongst the best in the north of Ireland ; the market is held every Monday, and the fairs take place on Jan. 26th, the second Thursday (O. S.) in Feb. and March, the third Thursday in April and May, June 26th, July 30th, Aug. 26th, the third Thursday in Sept., Oct. 26th, the third Thursday in Nov., and the Thursday after Christmas. The principal seats are, Saintfield House, the elegant residence of the family of Price, situated on elevated ground near the town ; Mill House ; and the glebe-house : there are several excellent farmhouses.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 269

11. Saints Island Augustinian priory founded by St. Dabeoc

    near Saints Island · townland · Donegal · 400–1207

    On Saints' Island in Lough Derg are the remains of an Augustinian priory dedicated to St. Peter and St. Paul, its foundation ascribed to St. Dabeoc, brother of St. Canoe, who flourished towards the close of the fifth century. The priory was plundered and burned by Bratachus O'Boyle and M'Mahon in 1207.

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    On Saints' Island, in Lough Derg, are the remains of an Augustinian priory dedicated to St. Peter and St. Paul, the foundation of which is ascribed to St. Dabeoc, brother of St. Canoe, who flourished towards the close of the fifth century : notwithstanding its celebrity, it was plundered and reduced to ashes by Bratachus O'Boyle and M" Mahon, in 1207. It was subject to the great abbey of Armagh, and for several ages was celebrated for its miraculous cell, called St. Patrick's purgatory, an invention attributed to a saint of that name who was prior here in the ninth century. This cell was much resorted to by pilgrims from all parts of Europe, who were supposed to suffer in imagination, while lying within its narrow precincts, all the pains endured by the wicked in the purgatory of the Romish Church. Its proximity however to the shore, with which it was connected by a neck of land, affording too great facility of access, the cave was stopped up, and another opened in a smaller island, now called the Station Island, about half a mile from the shore, to which access is obtained by a ferry-boat constantly plying for that purpose. Such was the reputation the place maintained, that safeguards were frequently granted by the kings of England to foreigners of distinction who came to visit It ; among others to Raymond, Viscount de Perilleux and Knight of Rhodes, with a train of 20 men and 30 horses, in 1397. The purgatory was repeatedly suppressed by the Popes, and also by the Lords-Justices of Ireland, who banished the friars, and broke up the cell ; but it was as frequently revived, and is still visited by multitudes of pilgrims, who assemble here during what is called " the station," which commences on the 1st of June and continues to the 15th of August, during which time the friars are constantly engaged in hearing confessions, enjoining penance, and performing other devotional rites. The number annually resorting hither during that period exceeds 10,000 : each pays the ferryman 6^d. for taking him to the island, and bringing him back ; and the proprietor of the lake receives £165 per annum for allowing the ferryman to ply. The term of continuance on the island is three, six, or nine days.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 321

12. Saleen pier at Binghamstown for shipping produce

    Saleen · townland · Mayo

    A pier was built at Saleen or Binghamstown, affording great convenience for shipping agricultural produce, with merchandise brought back in exchange. A small expenditure on the inner dock would make the harbour still more useful.

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    The parish is washed by the Atlantic on every side except the east, where it is separated from the main land by Blacksod bay, and on the north-east, where it is bounded by Broad haven ; the isthmus between these bays, which is not more than 200 yards in breadth, can be approached only through a tract of wild mountainous country. On the western side of the peninsula are numerous rocky islets, the two largest of which are North and South Inniskea ; and off the .north-western extremity, about four miles from Erris Head and I5 from Scotch Port, the nearest harbour for boats, is Eagle IsUind, a sharp rocky height comprising about 1.5 acres, of which 12 are covered with rich grass and three are barren and rugged rock. On this island the Ballast Corporation of Dublin, under the direction of government, some j'ears ago erected two lighthouses, at an expense of £30,000, both displaying bright and steady lights visible at a great distance. The stone of which they are built was partly brought from Kingstown, near Dublin, and partly quarried on the island ; the buildings contain convenient dwellings for the light-keepers. Between Blacksod Point, at the southern extremity of the peninsula, and Saddle Head on the island of Achill, in the parish of Achill, is the entrance to Blacksod Bay; and to the eastward are the entrances to the bays of Tulloghan and BuUane. Blacksod harbour is very spacious, and much to seaward, extending boldly into the Atlantic ; and within it, works to any extent might be constructed for the security of vessels taking shelter : it is separated, as already observed, only by a narrow isthmus from the harbour of Broadhaven. The best anchorage is on the west side of the bay, about 5 of a mile from Barnach Isle, in from 4i to 5 fathoms of water; but vessels not drawing more than 10 feet of water may ride farther up in from 2 to 2^ fathoms. The anchorage on the north side of the peninsula of Cleggan, though less exposed than in the open bay, is very indifferent ; vessels drawing 10 or 12 feet must go up at half tide, as there are only nine feet off the western side of Cleggan at low water ; the rocks at the north side of the anchorage are dry at half ebb. From the peculiar situation of the harbour and the abundance of fine granite fit for engineering purposes which the immediate neighbourhood affords, this might be rendered a highly advantageous station for steam communication with North America. Within the bay are several subordinate harbours, including Saleen and Tarmon. A pier has been built at Saleen or Binghamstown, whicli affords great convenience for s'.iipping the agricultural produce, for which merchandise is brought back in exchange ; and a small expenditure in completing the 152

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 48

13. Salmon fishery and Martin's pond on Sligo river

    Sligo · town · Sligo

    A large salmon fishery operated in the Sligo river, connected to a pond owned by Abraham Martin, Esq., designed so fish could enter but not leave, ensuring a constant supply of fresh salmon.

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    which is thence navigable for upwards of '200 miles through the heart of the country. The raaritime trade of the PORT is the chief source of the prosperity of the town, and its rapid increase may be ascertained from the fact that, in the year 1800, the number of vessels that entered the port was only 65, of the aggregate burthen of 4100 tons; while in the year 1830, the number of vessels was 540, and their aggregate burthen 57,015 tons. In 1834, 47 vessels in the foreign trade entered inwards and 2 cleared outwards, and 354 in the coasting and cross-channel trade entered inwards and 508 cleared outwards ; there were 25 vessels belonging to the port in 1844. The principal exports are corn, butter, and other provisions ; and the chief imports, iron, timber, coal, slates, herrings, salt, and every article of West India produce, which are distributed over a very large tract of country, this being the only port of note between Londonderry and Galway. In 1835, the gross estimated value of the exports was £369,490, of which £185,414 were for corn, meal, and flour, £181,848 for provisions, and the remainder for linens : the value of the imports was £124,692, of which £13,925 were for iron and other metals, &c., £2580 for coal, £9210 for hides, tallow, &c., £34,434 for tea, coffee, and sugar, £8430 for wines, £16,450 for tobacco, and the remainder for various other articles. The principal exports now average annually, 60,000 pigs, slaughtered, value £200,000 ; 6000 cattle, £60,000 ; 50,000 firkins of butter, £125,000 ; 22,000 tons of oats, £132,000 ; and 12,000 tons of meal, £132,000; total, £649,000 : besides poultry, eggs, and salmon. Among the average annual imports may be enumerated 16,000 barrels of herrings, 10,000 tons of timber and deals, 15,000 tons of coal, 4000 of iron, and 5000 of slates. The amount of duties paid at the custom-house, in 1826, was £33,565 ; in 1830, £36,325 ; and in 1844, £31,532. In the excise arrangements Sligo gives name to, and is the head of, a district which comprises the towns of Enniskillen and Irvinestown, in the county of Fermanagh ; Ballyshannon, Donegal, &c., in the county of Donegal ; Manor-Hamilton, &c., in the county of Leitrim ; and Ballymote and Sligo, in the county of Sligo. The amount of duties collected in the district, for 1843, was £20,304. The custom-house and the king's warehouses, which are the property of the crown, are well adapted to the purposes for which they were built ; and the quays, which are very commodious, and kept in good repair by the commissioners, have a depth of water of 12 feet at spring tides, allowing vessels of 300 tons' burthen to moor close to them. Many emigrant.s from this and the neighbouring counties sail hence for America. The principal markets are on Tuesday and Saturday for provisions and agricultural produce ; they are well attended, and a market for corn and another for butter are open daily in buildings erected for them by Owen Wynne, Esq. Fairs, chiefly for cattle, are held on the 27th of March, the Saturday after the 1st of May (O. S.), 4th of July, 12th of August, and 9th of October. Branches of the Bank of Ireland, the National Bank, and the Provincial Bank, have been established. There is a large salmon-fishery in the river, with which is connected a pond the property of Abraham Martin, Esq., so constructed that the fish can easily enter but cannot quit it. by which means there is a supply of fresh salmon at all times. A chief constabulary 526

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 293

14. Salmon fishery on the Foyle near Strabane

    near Strabane · town · Tyrone

    A salmon fishery on the river Foyle near Strabane formerly belonged to the corporation of Lifford and is now the property of the Earl of Erne. Great quantities of fish are annually taken there.

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    ance of the town is strikingly prepossessing, and the effect is further increased by the thriving orchards attached to the houses and in the immediate vicinity, producing apples, pears, and cherries, in abundance. The manufacture of corduroys and other cotton fabrics was formerly carried on to a limited extent ; and in the neighbourhood are several bleach- greens, none of which, however, at present are in operation. The principal trade is in grain, of which more is sold in this market than in any other in the county ; great quantities are annually shipped for Liverpool, Glasgow, and other ports. The provision trade is also very extensive ; more than 1000 tierces of beef and 2000 barrels of pork are annually cured here for the English market. There is a large ale and beer brewery of some celebrity, chiefly for the supply of the town and neighbourhood, though considerable quantities are sent to Londonderry, Coleraine, Lifford, Donegal, and other places. The principal e.vports are wheat, oats, barley, flax, pork, beef, butter, eggs, and poultry ; and the imports, timber, iron, staves, groceries, and articles of general merchandise. The trade of the place is much facilitated by the Strabane canal, which meets the river Foyle at Leek, about three miles below the town, and is navigable for vessels of 40 tons' burthen. It was constructed in 1793, at an expense of fl'J.OOO, defrayed by a grant from the Commissioners of Inland Navigation, aided by the Marquess of Abercorn ; and was brought into the town by two locks. On its banks are ranges of warehouses and stores for grain, with wharfs and commodious quays, well adapted to the carrying on of an extensive trade. Near the town, on the river Foyle, is a salmon-fishery, which belonged formerly to the corporation of Lifford, but is now the property of the Earl of Erne ; great quantities of fish are annually taken. Branches of the Belfast and Provincial Banks have been established. In the excise arrangements the town is within the district of Londonderry. The principal market is on Tuesday, and is largely supplied with corn, provisions, and brown linen ; fairs are held on the first Thursday in every mouth, and on the 1st Feb., l^th May, 1st Aug., and l'2th November, for horses, cattle, sheep, and pigs. The market-house is a commodious and handsome building ; and the grain and meal markets, built by the corporation in 1823, are large and well arranged : over the principal gateway are the arms of Strabane. A market has been lately established for the sale of flax, and a commodious market-house erected by the town commissioners ; it is held on Wednesdays.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 300

15. Salmon fishery rights on the Foyle at Lifford

    Lifford · townland · Donegal · 1603–1837

    The salmon fishery of the Foyle employed 120 men plus 120 water-keepers, with rights up to Lifford vested by charter of James I. in the Irish Society. The Society paid the bishop £250 per annum, while the Marquess of Abercorn and the Earl of Erne held fisheries below the town of Lifford.

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    The salmon fishery of the Foyle affords employment to 120 men, exclusively of the same number of waterkeepers : the fish is shipped principally for Liverpool ; some is also sent to Glasgow, and some pickled for the London market. The quantity taken annually on an average of three recent years was about 149 tons. The right of fishing in this river up to Lifford is vested by charter of James I. in the Irish Society, who by an act in the reign of Anne, are bound to pay the bishop £250 per annum, as compensation for his claim to some small fishings, and to a tithe of the whole ; but at present the Marquess of Abcrcorn and the Earl of Erne hold fisheries below the town of Lifford. The fishery off the coast is precarious, and frequently yields only a scanty supply, from the danger in encountering a rough sea experienced by the boats employed in it, which are only indifferently built : yet at other times the market abounds with turbot taken near Innistrahull and on Hemptons Bank, about 18 Irish miles north of Ennishowen Head ; with soles and haddock, taken in Lough Swilly and elsewhere ; cod, mostly off the entrance to Lough Foyle ; and oysters, taken in Lough Swilly from the island of Inch up to Fort Stewart, and in Lough Foyle from Quigley's Toint down to Greencastle. A new and very important trade as connected with the port, is the herring-fishery; upwards of 5800 barrels 264

    were ctired in a late j'ear, at the Orkneys, by Derry merchants, and the total quantity imported exceeds 12,000 barrels, one- half of which are cured by vessels fitted out from this port. Large quantities of oysters have been taken in the river Foyle since 1829.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 102

16. Salmon-leap on the Liffey and ancient canal remains at Lucan

    near Lucan · town · Dublin

    A salmon-leap on the river Liffey within Weston Park grounds gave the barony of Salt its name from the Latin 'Salliis'. Masonry forming part of the lock of an ancient canal was discovered during recent mill excavation, and a later canal traditionally carried coal from Dublin to Castletown.

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    Primrose Hill ; Glenwood ; Villa ; View Mount ; Luean Lodge ; and Mount Pleasant. On the river Liffey, and within the grounds of Weston Park, is a salmon-leap, from the Latin name of which " Salliis," the barony of Salt derives its name. It consists of a succession of rocky ledges, too extensive to be cleared at one bound, and in passing over it the fish consequently sustain great injury ; the stream forms a beautiful cascade, the picturesque effect of which is increased by the richly wooded banks of the river, and the tastefully embellished demesne of Leixlip Castle. An inquest was taken in the reign of Edward II., to ascertain to whom the right to the fish taken here belonged ; and another to inquire into the erection of certain weirs, " obstructions to the boats passing to our good city of Dublin with fish and timber." The latter inquest is supposed to refer to a canal which at some very remote period must have been carried along the bank of the Liffey. In excavating the foundation for a mill recently constructed at the salmon-leap, the masonry which formed part of the lock of a canal was discovered ; the sill of the lock is still to be seen, and more masonry for the same purpose has been found further down the river. At a later period, a canal appears to have been formed along this line, as far as Castletown, two miles above the salmon-leap ; by which, according to tradition, 'coal was conveyed from Dublin to that place, and of which some remains are still to be seen. The mill is capable of producing from 700 to 800 barrels of flour weekly ; the water-wheel is 28 feet in diameter, and, in turning 5 pair of stones, acts with a power equivalent to that of 60 or 70 horses.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 116

17. Salters' Company glass-houses at Magherafelt

    near Magherafelt · town · Derry · 1610–1630

    Among the trades introduced by the London companies, the Salters' Company erected glass-houses at Magherafelt during the plantation period.

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    The sum of £40,000 having now been expended on the plantation, it was deemed most advantageous to divide the territorial possessions of the Society into twelve equal portions, which were appropriated by lot to each of the twelve chief companies of the city ; and so many of the smaller companies joined as made by their total contributions a twelfth of the entire sum. The twelve chief companies were the Mercers, Grocers, Drapers, Fishmongers, Goldsmiths, Skinners, Merchant-Tailors, Haberdashers, Salters, Ironmongers, Vintners, and Clothworkers ; and in their respective proportions is now included the chief part of the county. The houses and lands in the city of Londonderry and the town of Coleraine, with their woods, fisheries, and ferries (except the ferry at the estuary of the Foyle, connecting the county with that of Donegal, which belonged to the Chichesters), not being susceptible of division, were retained by the Society, who were to receive the profits, and account for them to the twelve chief companies. In I6l6, information was received by Sir Thomas Philips, of Newtown-Limavady, of a design formed by the Irish to surprise Londonderry and Coleraine, which being made known to the Irish government, effectual measures were adopted for its prevention. On the communication of the intelligence to the Irish Society, instructions were immediately issued by it to the twelve companies to furnish arms and accoutrements to be transmitted by the keeper of Guildhall for the better defence of the plantation ; the prompt execution of which, preserved the colony, and gave new vigour to the exertions to stock it with English and Scotch settlers. About the same period, directions were issued to the companies to repair the churches, to furnish each of the ministers with a Bible, common-prayer book, and communion-cup, and to send thither a stipulated number of artizans ; the trades thus introduced were those of weavers, hat-makers, locksmiths, farriers, tanners, fellmongers, ironmongers, glassblowers, pewterers, fishermen, turners, basketmakers, tallowchandlers, dyers, and curriers. The Salters' Company erected glass-houses at Magherafelt ; and iron-works were opened on the Mercers' proportion, near Kilrea, which were carried on until timber failed for fuel.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 91

18. Salterstown: Mellifont Abbey lands and former mine

    Salterstown · townland · Louth

    Salterstown parish on Dundalk Bay formerly had a lead and copper mine worked on the land. Its lands were tithe-free because they had formerly belonged to the abbey of Mellifont.

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    SALTERSTOWN, a parish, in the union of Mag- HERAFELT, barony of Ferrard, county of Lolth, and province of Leinster, 4 miles (N. E.) from Dunker ; containing 380 inhabitants, of whom about 90 are in the hamlet. It is situated on the bay of Dundalk, and comprises, accordiug to the Ordnance survey, 104"| statute acres, the greater part of which is excellent land. A lead and copper mine was formerly worked here. The parish is a vicarage, in the diocese of Armagh, forming part of the union of Dunany ; the lands are tithe-free, having formerly belonged to the abbey of Mellifont. In the Roman Catholic divisions Salterstown is considered to be part of the union or district of Dysart and Clonmore.

    SALT-MILLS, a village, in the parish of Tintern, union of New Ross, barony of Shelburne, county of Wexford, and province of Leinster, 1^ miles (X.) from Fethard; containing 17 1 inhabitants. The village of Tintern, which was contiguous to the abbey of that name, the property of the late CiEsar Colclough, Esq., was taken down within the last 30 years, and rebuilt upon the townland of Salt-Mills, by which name it is now more generally known. It is situated on the western side of an inlet of the sea, called Bannow bay, and in 1S41 contained '29 houses and cottages, all neatly whitewashed, and several of them painted, and ornamented in front with small gardens : the dwellings are now, however, fast faUing into ruin. The female inhabitants are mostly employed in straw-platting and bonnet-making, which are carried on to some extent ; and some of the males are employed in fishing. A dispensary is entirely supported by Mrs. Boyse.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 270

19. Salt Hole cave and extraordinary glen at Red Hall

    near Templecorran · parish · Antrim

    A curious hollow cave called the Salt Hole receives a large stream of water which is not found again. In the grounds of Red Hall is a glen of very extraordinary character.

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    Templecorran is a vicarage, in the diocese of Connor, forming part of the union of Ballynure and of the corps of the prebend of Kilroot in the cathedral of Connor ; the rectory is impropriate in D. S. Ker, Esq. The tithe rent-charge is £260. 6., of which two-thirds are payable to the impropriator, and the remainder to the vicar. The ancient church, originally a spacious and handsome cruciform structure, is now a ruin ; it was at one time occupied by the Presbyterians, since whose ejectment it has not been used as a place of worship. A new church was built in 1846, at Mr. Ker's expense. There are chapels for Presbyterians, Independents, and Methodists ; the first is in connexion with the Remonstrant Synod. R. G. Ker, Esq., in 1825, bequeathed £200 in trust to the vicar and the senior Presbyterian minister, to divide the interest among the poor. There is a curious hollow cave, called the Salt Hole, into which rushes a large stream of water which is not found again ; and in the grounds of Red Hall is a glen of very extraordinary character. The Rev. Mr. Bryce, minister of the first Presbyterian congregation established in Ireland, lived and was buried here : and over the remains of a poet, known only as the Bard of Ballycarry, a monument has been raised.

    TEMPLECROAN, a parish, in the union of Glenties, barony of Boylagh, county of Donegal, and province of Ulster ; containing, with the post-town of Dungloe and the islands of Arranmore and Rutland (which are separately described), 9842 inhabitants. The parish is situated on the north-western coast, and

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 321

20. Salt-impregnated peat in coastal marsh north of Wicklow

    Wicklow · town · Wicklow

    The marsh extending along the coast northward from Wicklow yields peat impregnated with salt from its maritime situation, giving its flame a blue colour. It must be reduced to soft mud, spread on the surface, divided into lumps, and dried before use, its superior durability compensating for the extra labour.

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    Of the vast extent of bog and mountain, the greater portion forms the wild region in the centre. The mountainous and uncultivated lands of the entire range, as estimated by the surveying engineer who examined the district with a view of developing its capabilities, comprise 3'29,967 acres, of which 97.190 are black bog, and the remainder a moory soil commonly producing coarse sedgy grass or heath, interspersed in many parts with tracts of pasture land on some of which large numbers of sheep and young cattle are fed, while other tracts, now unproductive, might be brought into a state of profitable cultivation by draining and manuring. The bogs on the outskirts of the mountains are in some places becoming exhausted by the constant digging for turf ; the barony of Newcastle is beginning to apprehend a deficiency of that valuable article, in the marsh extending along the coast northward from Wicklow. The peat of this tract, from its maritime situation, is found to he impregnated with salt, which gives its slight flame a blue colour. To make it fit for use, it is necessary to reduce it to a soft mud and spread it upon the surface, in which state it is divided into lumps of convenient size, which, when dry, are carried home at the approach of winter ; its superior durability compensates for the greater trouble in preparing it than in digging for that of the mountains. In the barony of Shillelagh is a tract several miles in length, called the Derry bog, the principal of the kind south of Lugnaquilla. The ordinary fuel is every where peat, though much coal is imported to Bray, Wicklow, and Arklow, from Whitehaven, for the gentry and farmers of the surrounding districts.

    Wicklow is not less remarkable for the variety and importance of its minerals than for the wild and picturesque beauties of its scenery ; it comprises the greater portion of the south-eastern mountain chain of Ireland, composed of formations of granite, mica-slate, quartz- 672

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 405

21. Samuel Waring introduces diaper linen manufacture

    near Waringstown · village · Down · 1702–1714

    Samuel Waring, having learned diaper-making processes in Holland and Belgium, introduced them to his estate, producing the first piece of diaper cloth made in Ireland. He also procured drawings of Dutch wheels and reels and made the first ones by hand, replacing the traditional rock and spindle.

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    WARINGSTOWN, a post-town, in the parish of DoNAGHCLONEY, union of LuRGAN, barouy of LoWER IvEAGH, county of Down, and province of Ulster, '2|^ miles (S. W.) from Lurgan, on the road to Banbridge ; containing 825 inhabitants. The ancient name of this place was Clanconnel, which was changed into that by which it is at present known by William Waring, who settled here in I667 on lands purchased by him from the dragoons of Cromwell's army, who had received a grant of forfeited land in this quarter. The new proprietor immediately built a large and elegant mansion, which is still the family seat. In the war of 1688 he was driven out by the Irish army, who kept possession of the house as a military station till the arrival of Duke Sehomberg, who remained here for two days on his march to the Boyne. Mr. Waring, who had escaped to the Isle of Man, was outlawed by the parliament of James II. Samuel Waring, a descendant of the spirited individual to whom the place owes its existence and its name, was the founder of its manufacturing prosperity, in the reign of Queen Anne. Having acquired a knowledge of the processes for making diaper during his travels in Holland and Belgium, he introduced them into his own country ; and the first piece of cloth of this description, made in Ireland, was the produce of his estate. He also, when abroad, procured drawings of the wheels and reels in Holland, and with his own hand made the first of the wheels and reels now in general use ; before which, all the flax in the country had been spun by the rock and spindle. The linen manufacture thus introduced and patronised became the staple of 6'27

    the district, and is now carried on to a very great extent in all its branches, there being scarcely a family in the town and neighbourhood which is not more or less employed in some department of it. Petty-sessions are held in the town every alternate Saturday ; it is a constabulary police station, and has a sub-post ofhce to Banbridge and Lurgan.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 372

22. Sand and agriculture along Broadhaven and Blacksod Bay

    near Broadhaven · population centre · Mayo

    The sand along the shores of Broadhaven and Blacksod Bay is mostly silicious, yet with a slight manuring of sea-weed it produces excellent barley and potatoes. Inhabitants of these districts are much annoyed by drifting sand.

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    The SOIL in the champaign country is chiefly a darkbrown sandy and gravelly loam, on a limestone bottom ; in some parts it is light and moory. In the districts in which bog prevails are ridges of limestone-gravel, called escars, iu some places three miles long, | of a mile broad at the base, and from 30 to 60 feet high : they spontaneously produce many varieties of trees, which, however, seldom attain any size, in consequence of their exposure when young to the cattle. The rocky pastures in which oak and hazel brushwood grow spontaneously are excellent for fattening. The tendency to produce rich grass also shows itself in many parts of the mountainous regions. On passing the junction between the primary and secondary rocks, a striking improvement in .the appearance of the verdure is observable ; some of these secondary hills contain limestone, and the water is so strongly impregnated with this mineral, that calcareous depositions are found in large quantities. The sand along the shores of Broadhaven and Blacksod bay is mostly silicious ; yet with a slight manuring of «ea-weed, it produces excellent barley and potatoes. In these districts the inhabitants are much annoyed by the drifting sand, which is reduced to such a degree of comminution, as to penetrate even into the works of watches. Marly gravel, the substratum of all the hills, was observed, when removed for the purpose of covering roads, to change the growth of the spot it fell on from heath to grass ; the discovery of which quality led to its liberal use in reclaiming the summits of hills, and moory tracts, hitherto nearly unprofitable.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 146

23. Sand hills engulfing fertile land at Rossport

    near Rossport · population centre · Mayo · 1777–1837

    Huge hills of sand at Ross Ferry, or Ross Port, on the south side of Gutta mountain, now cover a tract that 60 years prior was among the most fertile in the barony. Between Renval and Ross Ferry, evidence of gradual land subsidence or sea-level rise is visible.

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    Natural Arch, 30 feet high, which may be rowed through at half-tide in raoderate weather with perfect safety. A key-stone of trap, 1'2 feet high, extends from the centre of the arch nearly to the summit of the cliff, where it is continued along a hollow, indicating a subsidence of the dyke at some former period, a recurrence of which may probably produce another sound similar to that of Moista ; at the eastern extremity of the archway is a perpendicular cliff, 618 feet high. About I5 mile from the archway is a headland, remarkable for its beauty and the fanciful contortions of its strata ; and about a mile farther to the west is the mouth of Port-a-Clay, an interesting small haven, where is a coast-guard station, with good shelter for boats. Near this is the entrance to a cavern called the Parlour, situated at the northern extremity of the lofty promontory of Doonrinalla ; the entrance is through an archway, 30 feet high, and wide enough to allow a boat to be rowed into it ; the main branch runs in a direct line, and gradually contracts in width and height, terminating in a fissure 10 or 1'2 feet high, and probably communicating with another cavern, called the Kitchen, on the south-west side. To the east of the Parlour are immehse masses of detached rock lying on an inclined plain. Binicee, or "the Yellow- Mountain," rises perpendicularly on its north-west side, and commands from its summit a most extensive and truly magnificent prospect. To the south-west are seen the deeply indented shores of the Mullet, the bays of Blacksod and Broadhaven, with the towering Achill in the distance ; to the east are the Stags, the iron-bound range of coast between Binwee and Ben More, the Wedge, and Downpatrick Head, with the Sligo shore and the mountains of Donegal and Arranmore in the distance ; to the north is the ocean ; and to the south, mountains rising above each other in majestic grandeur. Near Binwee is Reni-al, and near that are the ruins of an ancient stronghold, of which only the gateway is remaining. At Ross Ferry, or Ross Port, on the south side of Gutta mountain, are huge hills of sand, now covering a tract which, 60 years since, was as fertile as any in the barony. Between Renval and Ross Ferry a gradual subsidence of the land, or an elevation of the level of the sea, seems to have taken place ; rocks appear in two places projecting above the surface of the strand, and a ridge of bog rises through the shingle to a level with high-water mark.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 16

24. Sandstone formations around Carntogher

    Carntogher · mountain or mountain range · Derry

    Sandstone extends from the northern extremity of the county up the eastern side of the Roe and surrounds Cragnashoack and Carntogher mountains. It then stretches by the eastern declivity of Slieve Gallion into Tyrone.

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    The transition limestone, intervening in a few places between the primitive formations and the sandstone, is of the same kind as that which occupies so great a portion of the central counties : it is of a smoke-grey colour, and contains two sorts of terebratulites, and nodules of glassy quartz, which render it dangerous to blast; but being, nevertheless, the best species in the county for manure and all ordinary purposes, it is most extensively quarried. The sandstone extends the entire length of the county, from its northern extremity near Down hill up the eastern side of the Roe, and surrounding Cragnashoack and Carntogher mountains, ■whence it stretches by the eastern declivity of Slieve- Galhon into the county of Tyrone. The upper strata of chalk are characterised by parallel beds of flinty nodules ; and, at their junction with the basalt, these flints are found imbedded in the lowest member of the trap deposit : it is curiously affected by intersecting dykes filled with basalt. The only great geological phenomenon exhibited on the sea-coast is the gradual emergence of the chalk from under the trap beds. The basalt is chiefly tabular, with the varieties called greenstone, amygdaloidal wacke, &c. A laminated schist of the mica-slate formation is quarried between Derry and Newtown ; there is a good quarry of lamellated schist between Bond's glen and Gossaden ; gneiss occurs in the quarries of the mica-slate near the Faughan river ; granite on the northern summit of Slieve-Gallion : the finest rock-crystals are to be met with in Finglen, Dungiven, Banagher, and in the primitive mountains near Learmount ; and steatite is found in the basaltic region. Iron is disseminated through many of the strata of the county, and in the basalt is sometimes so abundant as to affect the needle. Ironstone, which exists in great abundance in Slieve-Gallion, v\as formerly worked, but the undertaking was abandoned on the failure of fuel. The metal is found in a mixed state with manganese ; and in the mountain streams, mounds of it are observed in the character of yellow ochre. To the abundance of this metal in the peat-moss are owing the red colour and weight of the ashes. Coal, copper, and lead have been discovered in very small quantities.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 96

25. Sandstone masses at Woate and Ballymahon

    Moate · town · Westmeath

    The geological uniformity of Westmeath's limestone plain is broken only at Woate and Ballymahon, where isolated protuberant masses of sandstone rise from beneath the general limestone substratum.

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    The county, geologically, is wholly included within the great limestone plain of Ireland, of which it forms the most elevated portion. The uniformity of its structure is broken only at Woate and Ballymahon, in each of which places an isolated protuberant mass of sandstone rises from beneath the general substratum. The predominating colour of the limestone is a blueish-grey of various degrees of intensity ; it is often tinged with black, and sometimes passes into deep black, particularly in those parts in which it is interstratified with beds of clay-slate, ralp, or swinestone, or where it abounds with lydian stone. The black limestone in the latter case is a hard compact rock, recjuiring much fuel for burning it, and is by no means serviceable for agricultural purposes. The structure of the limestone varies from the perfectly compact to the conjointly compact and foliated, and even to the granulary fohated : beds of the last kind are quarried and wrought for various purposes in the northern baronies. Copper, lead, coal, and yellow and dove-coloured marble, have been found in small quantities, but not so as to induce searches for the parent bed. A pair of elk's horns, found in a bog, were presented to Charles I. shortly before the commencement of the civil war; stags' horns in a state of great decomposition have been found near the shores of Lough Iron.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 390

26. Sandstone soils of the Curlew Mountains

    near Curlew Mountains · mountain or mountain range · Roscommon

    The sandstone soils in the vicinity of the Curlew Mountains in Roscommon are noted for being of very poor quality, but they are susceptible to improvement through judicious cultivation.

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    stone of the plain districts, and that on the sandstone of the mountains and their vicinities ; the former of which is by much the more fertile, constituting the natural pasture land for which Roscommon has been so long celebrated, particularly the pasturages in the vicinity of Tulsk and Kilcorky, and in the plains to the south-east of the town of Boyle. Extensive tracts of very light shallow soil are commonly devoted to sheepfeeding, especially along the ridges which separate the waters of the Suck and the Shannon, where the limestone rock is so sparingly covered, that the plough cannot be used. Rich deep loams are also met with in the limestone districts ; and the dry, mellow sandy lands between Elphin and Kingston are particularly noted for their fertility. Between the surface soil and the rock are often vast alluvial deposits of gravel and loams of various te.xture. Some of the sandstone soils, as in the vicinity of the Curlew mountains, though of a very poor quality, are susceptible of improvement by judicious cultivation. The only sandy land is contiguous to Lough Aeluyn, where it appears to have been formed by drifts from the shores of the lake. On the mountains, dry patches covered with heath are occasionally found ; but the surface is commonly wet and boggy. Great improvements by draining may be effected in every part of the county, both by deepening the streams in the low grounds, and by making drains in the uplands, where cold, wet, and spongy land, producing rushes and aquatic plants, occurs in places apparently little likely to produce them.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 259

27. Sandymount village created by Richard Cranfield

    near Sandymount · townland · Dublin · 1757–1837

    Sandymount, a seaside village on Dublin Bay, had only one or two comfortable houses eighty years before the time of writing. Its growth is attributed to the late Richard Cranfield, Esq., who also planned the baths of Tritonville nearby, and the village became a popular resort for sea-bathing.

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    SANDYMOUNT, a large and populous village, in that part of the parish of St. Mary, Donnybrook, which is within the barony of Dublin, union of South Dublin, county of Dublin, and province of Leinster, Smiles (S. E. byE.) from the General Post-office: the population is 1142. It is on the southern coast of the bay of Dublin, and is much resorted to in summer for sea-bathing, for which its sandy beach presents every facility. The village is very pretty, and contains many good houses forming a square, in the centre of which is an ornamental grass-plot surrounded by iron railings : there are numerous villas on the strand, for the convenience of visiters ; whence a new road to Merrion has been made along the shore. Eighty years ago, there were not more than one or two comfortable houses in Sandymount : the village may be said to owe its existence to the late Richard Cranfield, Esq., who also planned the baths of Tritonville in the vicinity. The principal seats are, Lakelands, situated in grounds tastefully laid out and commanding fine sea and mountain views ; Wilfield House ; Sandymount Castle ; and Sandymount Park, whence is obtained a view of the bay of Dublin, with the Hill of Howth, Ireland's Eye, Lambay Island, the South Wall, and the Pigeon House. In the village are a parochial school, erected in 1833, and supported by subscriptions ; and a female school, built by the Misses Hepenstall, aided by £100 from the Lord-Lieutenant's fund. A loan fund and a Bible Association were established in 1832; there are also a savings'-bank and a lending library. A branch of the Sisters of Charity, from Stanhope-street, Dublin, settled in Sandymount Avenue about 14 years since; the inmates consist of a superior and five nuns, who instruct about SO children : a neat chapel attached is open to the public.

    SANTRY, or Santreff, a parish, in the union of North Dublin, barony of Coolock, county of Dublin, and province of Leinster, 3 miles (N.) from Dublin, on the road to Swords; containing II 17 inhabitants, of whom 110 are in the village. In 1641 the 502

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 271

28. Sarsfield destroys William III's convoy from Killaloe, 1691

    Killaloe · town · Clare · 1691

    In 1691, General Sarsfield led a select body of cavalry across the Shannon at Killaloe and destroyed a convoy of ammunition on its way to William III, then besieging Limerick.

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    KILLALOE, a post-town and parish, and the seat of a diocese, in the barony of Tulla Lower, union of ScARiFF, county of Clare, and province of Munster, 20 miles (E. by S.) from Ennis, and 87 (S. W. by W.) from Dublin, on the road from Scariff to Nenagh ; containing 4957 inhabitants, of whom 2009 are in the town. This place, anciently called Laonia, derived its present name, supposed to be a corruption of Kil-da- Lua, from the foundation of an abbey in the 6th century by St. Lua or Molua, grandson of Eocha Baildearg, King of Munster, which abbey became the head of a diocese. Turlogh O'Brien, in 1054, built a bridge across the Shannon at this place, which had grown into some importance, though little of its previous history is related; and, in 1061, Hugh O'Connor destroyed the castle that had been erected here, and burned the town, which was again reduced to ashes in 1080 and 1084, by the people of Conmacne. In II77, Raymond le Gros, after his triumphant entry into Limerick, came to this place, where he received the hostages of Roderic, King of Connaught, and O'Brien, Prince of Thomond, who took the oath of fealty to the King of England. On Richard de Clare's procuring a grant of certain lands in the county of Clare, this town, as containing the only ford over the Shannon, obtained for some time the appellation of Claresford. In 136/, after the recall to England of Lionel, Duke of Clarence, chief governor of Ireland, who had acquired considerable tracts of territory around the town, Murrogh-na-Ranagh, one of the O Briens, made himself master of all the coimtry beyond the Shannon, and destroyed this town and several others belonging to the Enghsh. General Sarsfield, in 1681, i)osted a strong party at this place, to defend the passage of the river; but the party having abandoned their post, the English advanced into the western provmces. In I69I the same general, at the head of a select body of cavalry, passed the river, and destroyed

    a convoy of ammunition on its way to William III., then at Limerick.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 33

29. Sarsfield family and the Earl of Lucan

    near Lucan · town · Dublin · 1500–1700

    In the 16th century Lucan belonged to the Sarsfield family. William Sarsfield, one of the ablest generals in the service of James II, was created Earl of Lucan by that monarch after his abdication. From him it descended by marriage to the ancestor of Colonel G. Vesey.

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    LL'CAN, a post-town and parish, in the union of Celbridge, barony of Newcastle, county of Dublin, and province of Leinster, 7 miles (W.) from Dublin, on the road to Galway and Sligo ; containing 1139 inhabitants, of whom 563 are in the town. After the English settlement it appears to have been granted to Richard de Peche, one of the earliest adventurers, and in 1220 was the property of Waryn de Peche, who founded the monastery of St. Catherine, near Leixlip. In the reign of Richard II. it was in the possession of the Rokeby family, and in the I6th century belonged to the Sarsfield family, of whom ■William, one of the ablest generals, in the service of James II., was by that monarch, after his abdication, created Earl of Lucan. From him it descended by marriage to the ancestor of Colonel G. Vesey, its late proprietor.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 115

30. Savings bank building erected in Youghal

    Youghal · town · Cork · 1818–1831

    A savings bank was established in Youghal in 1818, and a large and handsome building was erected for it in 1831, paid for from the accumulated surplus fund. By the year ending November 1844, there were 118 depositors with total deposits of £37,513.

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    There are two public reading-rooms, one in the Mallhouse and the other in the Operative Association Rooms, both well furnished with English and Irish newspapers, periodicals, and works of reference. The Youghal Literary and Scientific Institution for the diffusion of knowledge by lectures on subjects capable of practical illustration, was founded in 1833, and is supported by annual subscriptions of half a guinea each, which entitle the subscriber and his family to admission to the lectures : a library and museum are in course of formation. A horticultural society has been established, and at fit seasons gives public exhibitions of flowers, fruits, and vegetables, for which prizes are awarded. Balls and concerts are held during the summer season at the Mall-house. A savings' bank was established in 1818, and a large and handsome building was erected for it in 1831, the expense of which was defrayed from the accumulated surplus fund ; the business is conducted by 10 trustees and 30 managers : in the year ending 20th November, 1844, the number of depositers was 11*8, by whom £10,653 were lodged ; and the total amount of deposits is £37,513. On an eminence north of the town are infantry barracks for the accommodation of 6 otficers and ISO men.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 411

31. Sawel Mountain and the Eagle's Nest

    near Sawel Mountain · mountain or mountain range · Derry

    Sawel Mountain rises to 2236 feet on the verge of counties Londonderry and Tyrone. Near it are precipitous rocks known as the Eagle's Nest.

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    LEARMONT, an ecclesiastical district, partly in the barony of Tirkeeran, county of Londonderry, and partly in that of Strabane, county of Tyrone, and province of Ulster, 5 miles (S. W.) from Duugiven, on the road to Omagh. It was formed in 1831, under the 7th and Sth of George IV., by separating eleven townlands from Banagher, eight from Upper Cumber, and one from Lower Cumber ; the whole of which are in Londonderry, except Stranagalvally, which is in Tyrone. Much of the land is very good and under an excellent system of cultivation, and the waste laud is being reclaimed under the liberal encouragement of Barre Beresford, Esq. Sawel mountain, on the verge of the two counties, rises to the height of 2236 feet above the level of the sea ; near it are the precipitous rocks called the Eagle's Nest. Blue limestone is burnt for manure, and manganese and lead-ore are found ; also iron-ore, almost in a metallic state. The village of Learmont, or Park, is situated on the Faughan water, near the base of Sawel mountain, and has been much improved lately. The principal seat is Learmont, the elegant residence of Mr. Beresford, which he is enlarging and finishing in the Elizabethan or Tudor style : around it is an extensive demesne, containing valuable timber, and ornamented with baths and groups of statues. Here are also Kilcreen, Straid Lodge, and Tamna. The living is a perpetual curacy, in the diocese of Derry, and in the alternate patronage of the Rectors of Banagher and Upper Cumber, except the fifth turn, which devolves on the Rector of Lower Cumber. The curates income is £85 per annum, paid by the three rectors. Tiie late Bishop Knox proposed to make this district a parish of itself, the tithes not to exceed £300 per annum, in which case Mr. Beresford proposed to exchange land planted and improved for a glebe. There is neither glebe-house nor glebe at present. The church, a small neat edifice, was built in 1831, at an expense of £750, of which £400 were given by the Board of First Fruits, £100 by Bishop Knox, £100 by B. Beresford, Esq., £50 by the Irish Society, £25 by the Skinners' Company, £25 by Robert Ogilby, Esq., and the rest by various individuals. In the Roman Catholic divisions Learmont forms part of the district of Banagher, and has a chapel at Altenure. There is a school at Park, to which Mr. Beresford allows £5 per annum and a house, and . three other public schools ; also three private schools, and two Sunday .schools.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 65

32. Saxon arch and Eaton family tower at Wicklow church

    Wicklow · town · Wicklow · 1797

    The church at Wicklow, locally in Drumkey, features a tower and copper cupola added in 1797 by a bequest of a member of the Eaton family. Over the south door is a fine Saxon arch which belonged to a more ancient church.

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    Glanealy ; and in the union are three glebes, containing in all 4Qa. Ir. I9p. The church, locally in Drumkey, is a neat edifice with a tower and a copper cupola, which were added in 17*7, by a bequest of a member of the Eaton family, formerly resident in the town ; over the south door is a fine Saxon arch which belonged to a more ancient church : the Ecclesiastical Commissioners lately granted £670 for repairs. There are also churches in the chapelries of Glanealy and Killeskey, the latter of which was built partly at the expense of the late Francis Synge, of Glenmore, Esq. The Roman Catholic district is nearly co-extensive with the Protestant union : the principal chapel, a plain cruciform edifice with a tower, forms, with the schools annexed to it, an extensive pile near the entrance to the town ; there are also chapels at Ballynahinch, near Ashford, and at Glanealy. In the town are places of worship for Wesleyan Methodists and the Society of Friends.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 407

33. School on Stephenstown demesne

    Stephenstown · townland · Louth

    A school on the demesne of Stephenstown was supported by the rector of the parish of Louth. The parish also had national schools at Louth, Knockbridge, and Stonetown.

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    The LIVING is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of Armagh, and in the patronage of the Crown for two presentations, and the Lord Primate for one. The tithe rent-charge is £1491. 1.4.: the glebe-house was built in 1813, at an expense of £4940. 6., and the glebe comprises 64| statute acres of cultivated land, valued at £147. 14. The church is a plain structure, erected about 1S07 and enlarged in 182S, by parochial assessment ; it has a tower, and has been repaired by a grant of £'24'2 from the Ecclesiastical Commissioners. The Roman Catholic parish is co- extensive with that of the Established Church : there are three chapels, situated at Louth, Knockbridge, and Stonetown ; the two first are spacious edifices. The parochial school, in the town, with an infants' school attached to it, is partly supported by the rector ; a school near Glyde Farm, by the trustees of Erasmus Smith's charity, aided by the rector ; and one on the demesne of Stephenstown, by the rector. At Louth, Knockbridge, and Stonetown, are national schools ; and there is a dispensary for the poor, who, when unable to attend, are visited at their own dwellings.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 114

34. Scilly village and Kinsale barracks

    Scilly · street · Cork

    Scilly is a village forming a suburb to Kinsale, situated on the harbour and occupying a peninsula. Immediately above the village are the barracks of Kinsale, and the village has grown rapidly with villas erected for bathing-season visitors.

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    SCILLY, a village, in the parish of Rincurran, union and barony of Kinsale, county of Cork, and province of Munster ; forming a suburb to the town of Kinsale, and containing about S14 inhabitants. It is situated on the harbour of Kinsale, and occupies the summit and side of a gentle eminence forming a peninsula projecting into the harbour. In 1831 it contained 124 houses; it has since rapidly increased, and now contains nearly 200 houses, including a number of neat and commodious villas and lodges, erected for the accommodation of the numerous visiters resorting hither during the bathing-season. It is so closely connected with Kinsale that it is generally considered as a part of that town. An extensive and lucrative fishery, affording employment to a large portion of the inhabitants, is carried on here. Immediately above the village are the barracks of Kinsale.

    SCOTSHOUSE, a village, in the parish of Currin, imion of Cootehill, barony of Dartry, county of Monaghan, and province of LTlster, 5^ miles (N. W.) from Cootehill, and on the road from Clones to Stradone : the population is returned with the parish. It is a station of the constabulary police, and contains the parochial church and Roman Catholic chapel. Near the village is the handsome seat of Hilton.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 272

35. Scilly village sea-bathing villas

    Scilly · street · Cork

    Several villas and cottages were built in the village of Scilly and in the Cove for the accommodation of visitors, as Kinsale was much frequented during the season for sea-bathing.

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    The TOWN is pleasantly and advantageously situated near the mouth of the river Bandon, anciently called the Glaslin or Glasson, which here forms a capacious and secure harbour. The streets rise in a singular and irregular manner on the acclivity of an eminence called Compass Hill, the houses ranging tier above tier, most of them on sites excavated in the sohd rock, or placed on the level of some projecting crag ; the descent is dangerously steep, and the streets are inaccessible to carriages except from the summit of the hill, or from the main street, which takes an irregular course along the shore of the harbour. The total number of houses, many of which are well built and of handsome appearance, was, in 1831, 1266; and in 1841, 17O7. The town is paved, and amply supplied with good water from numerous springs. It is much frequented during the season for sea-bathing, and several villas and cottages have been built in the village of Scilly and in the Cove, for the accommodation of visiters. It was lately in contemplation to build a bridge across the ferry on the river, from the town to Courcy's territory ; and a new line of road to Bandon has been completed. The environs embrace some fine views of the sea, the harbour, and the estuaries which indent the adjacent country : the banks of the river are embellished with thriving plantations, and with several gentlemen's seats ; and around the summit of Compass Hill is a pleasant walk, commanding a splendid view of the harbour and the windings of the Bandon. On the east of the town is Charles Fort, commanded by a governor and fortmajor, and containing barracks for 16 officers and 33'2 non-commissioned officers and privates. There are two small hbraries, supported by proprietaries of £5 shareholders and annual subscribers ; a regatta was formerly held in July or August, and boat-races take place occasionally. A handsome suite of assembly-rooms has been built, and on the ground floor of the same building is a reading and news room.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 59

36. Scotstown: millstone depot and monthly fair

    Scotstown · town · Monaghan

    Scotstown served as a depot for millstones quarried on Cairnmore, which were worked to shape in the quarry and then rolled down the mountain. Fairs were held there on the 17th of every month, and a constabulary police force was stationed at the place.

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    Near Cairnmore is a limestone-quarry, and on the summit of the mountain an extensive quarry for millstones ; the stone on the northern side is a soft whitish freestone, and on the southern a hard reddish grit interspersed with flint. At Scotstown is a depot for these millstones, which, after being worked to their proper form in the quarry, are suffered to roll down the mountain ; on the north side, just below the rock, is a large, deep, and stormy lake. On the townland of Knockotally, good freestone for building is quarried for the supply of the neighbourhood ; and the hills also abound with potters'-clay. The principal scats are, Tullaghan, the property of Sir George Forster, Bart. ; Gold ; Poplar Vale ; Raconnel ; Mount-Louise ; Clenamully ; Slacks Grove ; Newgrove ; Mullaghmore, greatly improved and extensively planted by the proprietor ; and Carrachor. Fairs are held at Scotstown on the 17th of every month, and in the village of Tydavnet on Jan. 19th, March '2nd and 31st, June ^24th, and Sept. 2Sth ; and there is a constabulary police force at each of those places.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 362

37. Scrabo Hill freestone quarries

    Scrabo · townland · Down

    Scrabo Hill contains two quarries of high-quality freestone, comparable to Portland stone in appearance and superior in durability, plus several inferior quarries. Large quantities were raised for local supply and some cargoes were shipped to America.

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    The PARISH comprises 14,803 statute acres: the land is of good quality, and the system of agriculture highly improved ; there is no waste land, but about 700 acres of valuable bog, from which the neighbourhood is supplied with fuel. In the mountain of Scrabo are two quarries of excellent freestone, equal in appearance and superior in durability to that of Portland, besides fiv<; others of inferior quality ; large quantities are raised for the supply of the adjacent districts, and several cargoes have been shipped to America. Some extensive leadmines are held under lease from the Marquess of Londonderry by a company in the Isle of Man : the ore is rich, but the mines are very indifferently worked ; the water being imperfectly carried off by a level, the lessees have sunk a new shaft, and erected a steam-engine to raise the ore and to drain the mine. The ore is shipped at Bangor and sent to Flint, where it is smelted. Under Scrabo are three thin veins of coal, which show themselves in the lough ; but they are at a great depth beneath the surface, and no attempt to work them has yet been made. Regent House, an elegant mansion in the Grecian style, recently erected by its proprietor, is built of polished Scrabo stone, and situated in tastefully disposed grounds, commanding a fine view of Lough Strangford and the adjacent country.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 213

38. Sea battle at Strangford against the Scots, 1400

    near Strangford · population centre · Down · 1400

    In 1400 the constable of Dublin city, with divers others, fought a great sea battle at Strangford against the Scotch, in which many of the English were slain. This is one of the earliest recorded military engagements at this port town on the western side of Strangford Lough.

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    Ulster, 6 miles (N. E.) from Downpatrick, and 79f (N. N. E.) from Dublin ; containing 571 inhabitants. In the year 1400, the constable of Dublin city, with divers others, fought a great sea battle here against the Scotch, in which many of the English were slain. Strangford is situated on the western side of the channel which forms the entrance of the lough to which the town gives name ; it is a very small place, having only 130 houses, but contains a chapel of ease to the parish church of Ballyculter, a Roman Catholic chapel, and a Wesleyan Methodist meeting-house. Here is also a small quay for the convenience of the fishing-boats, and of the passengers crossing the strait to Portaferry. It has a sub-post office in connexion with Downpatrick and Portaferry ; and is a constabulary police station : fairs are held on Aug. 12th and Nov. Sth. The trade is chiefly in the export of grain, provisions, and live stock, and the import of coal, iron, bark, and timber : the gross estimated value of the exports from Strangford and other places on the lough, in a recent year, amounted to £79,633, whereof £59,221 were for corn, meal, and flour, and £17,062 other provisions; and the gross estimated value of the imports for the same period was £20,498, whereof £9850 were coal, £1933 iron, &c., and the remainder various other articles. Near the place are the remains of two castles called Walsh'stown and Audeleys : the former has been converted into a handsome dwelling-house ; the latter, still in ruins, is on a hill which commands a view of the lough as far as Newtown, and is supposed to have been erected by one of the Audeleys, who settled in this county under John De Courcy. Close to the village, and on the edge of the lough, is Old Court, the beautiful residence of Lord de Ros. Near the village also, and in the parish of Ballyculter, is a large structure now called Strangford Park ; it was formerly one of the Protestant charter schools, but on the abandonment of these schools by the government, the building and lands reverted to Lord de Ros, the proprietor of the soil.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 301

39. Sea caverns beneath Wicklow Head

    near Wicklow Head · promontory · Wicklow

    Several caverns beneath Wicklow Head were scooped out by the incessant action of the waves. Seals frequently take shelter in these coastal caves.

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    In the excise arrangements the town is within the district of Naas. The market is held on Saturday, for butchers'- meat, poultry, and vegetables, which are exposed for sale in the market-house and the shambles : there are no regular markets for corn, that article being delivered at the merchants' stores on any day of the week. The fairs are on March '2Sth, May '24th, Aug. VZth, and Nov. ?.5th. The trade is confined to the exportation of grain, and of copper and lead ore, of which 400 tons from the neighbouring mines are shipped weekly ; and to the importation of coal, culm, limestone, timber, and iron. The gross estimated value of the exports in a recent year was 3686,.566, of which £'23,491 were for corn, and £63,0*5 for copper-ore : the gross value of the imports in the same year was £l.'j,67 1, of which £6'20'2 were for coal, &c., £4168, iron an(l other metals, ike, £948, tea, &c., and the remainder various other articles. The estuary of the Vartrey, which forms the harbour, is accessible only to vessels of small burthen, in consequence of a bar at its entrance, on which there are only eight feet of water at spring and not more than four or five at neap tides ; but vessels may ride in the bay, in three or four fathoms of water, during the prevalence of westerly winds. Some attempts were made, about the year I76O, to diminish the obstruction, when sums to the amount of £800 were granted by parliament, but did not produce any beneficial result. In 183.5 an application was made to the Irish government by the merchants and traders of the port, pointing out the advantages of having a large and secure harbour formed here ; which was not acceded to, in consequence of the expense that must have been incurred, as, according to the reports of scientific men, the construction of such a harbour would require an outlay of £80,000. In the same year the number of vessels belonging to the port was 20, varying in burthen from 3.5 to 100 tons ; and about 30 small craft. Two lighthouses have been erected on Wicklow Head, a promontory of considerable height boldly projecting into the sea, about a mile to the south of the town. The lantern of one of these lighthouses is 2.50 feet above high-water mark, and is visible in clear weather at a distance of '21 nautical miles ; the other, 540 feet distant, is but 1'21 feet above the same level, and spreads its light only to 16 miles distance : both are fixed lights. Under the Head are several caverns, scooped out by the incessant working of the waves, and in which seals frequently take shelter. A coast-guard is fixed here, being one of the eight stations which constitute the district of Glynn.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 406

40. Sea caves of Ardmore

    Ardmore · town · Waterford

    Caves of great extent have been worn by the waves in the rocky shore of Ardmore, County Waterford. These natural caverns represent significant coastal geological features.

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    Others of great extent have been worn by the waves in the rocky shore of Ardmore. In the inland parishes of Whitechurch, Kilwatermoy, Lismore, and Dungarvan, the limestone rock contains singular caverns adorned with stalactites. In the mountains of Cummaragh are several large and deep pits, very difficult of access ; some of tlicm are evidently artificial. This county gives the title of Marquess to the Bcresford family, and of Earl to tiiat of Talbot, also Earls of Shrewsbury, in Great Britain. The barony of Decies gives the title of Baron to a branch of the Beresford family.

    WATERFORD, a seaport, city, and county of itself, the seat of a diocese, and the head of a union, locally in the county of Waterford, of which it is the capital, and in the province of MuNSTER, 6* miles (E. by N.) from Cork, and 75| (S. S. W.) from Dublin ; containing 29,288 inhabitants, of whom 23,216 are in the city and suburbs. The ^"'"•

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 376

41. Seaforde House and Demesne of the Forde Family

    near Seaforde · population centre · Down · 1816

    The village of Seaforde was anciently called Neaghen and features the extensive Seaforde demesne of the Forde family. The central mansion was destroyed by fire in 1816 and subsequently rebuilt with sumptuous elegance.

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    SEAFORDE, a village, in the parish of Loughin- IsLANn, union of Downpatrick, barony of Kinelarty, county of Down, and province of Ulster, I mile {N.) from Clough ; on the roads leading respectively from Downpatrick to Newry, and from Dundrum to Ballinahinch ; containing 394 inhabitants. This village, which was anciently called Neaghen, is small, but very handsomely built, consisting of one principal street, from the centre of which a smaller street branches off at right angles. At its northern extremity is a gateway of freestone, consisting of a centre and two side openings ; and near this is a chaste Grecian lodge of freestone, forming an entrance into the extensive demesne of Seaforde, the seat of the Forde family. The mansion, which is situated in the centre of the parish, was destroyed by fire in 1816, and rebuilt in IHIQ in a style of sumptuous elegance ; the demesne is finely undulated, and comprises 1060 acres, richly planted, and embellished with a large and picturesque lake. The manor of Seaforde extends over the whole of the parish, with the exception only of the townland of Clough ; and a court is held every three weeks before the seneschal, in which debts to the amount of £2 are recoverable : petty-sessions are also held on alternate Tuesdays ; and fairs on March 7th, June 9th, Sept. 4th, and Dec. 6th. A receiving-house for letters here is under Clough. The parish church, a handsome ediBce, is situated in the village ; and there is a place of worship for Presbyterians in connexion with the General Assembly ; also six almshouses, erected in 1828 by Colonel Forde, who endowed them with £60 per annum, for aged widows ; and some schools, the particulars of which are stated in the article on Loughin-Island. Vol. II. — 505

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 273

42. Seaforde House, seat of the Forde family

    near Seaforde · population centre · Down

    Seaforde House is described as the splendid mansion and demesne of the Forde family in Loughin-Island parish. The parish church, built in 1720, stands on one of the conical hills nearby, approached by a handsome tree-shaded avenue.

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    LOUGHIN-ISLAND, a parish, in the union of DowNPATRiCK, barony of Kinelarty, county of Down, and province of Ulster, on the road from Newry to Downpatrick ; containing, with the post-town of Clough and the villages of Seaforde and Anadorn {ichich see), 6.'J71 inhabitants. The parish comprises 12,485|- statute acres, of which 124f are water; about one-half of the land is of the richest quality, and of the remainder, with the exception of a small proportion of waste and bog, the greater part is tolerably fertile. The linen manufacture was established here in IS 15 by Mr. Cromie, of Draper Hill ; and upwards of 30,000 webs are now annually made from mill-spun yarn, by which employment is afforded to not less than 2000 persons. The principal seats are, Seaforde House, the splendid mansion and demesne of the Forde family, noticed in the article on Seaforde ; Ardilea, a handsome residence near Clough ; and Draper Hill, about halfway between Ballynahinch and CastlewiUiam.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 112

43. Seaforde schools built by Forde family

    near Seaforde · population centre · Down · 1816–1840

    A school in Seaforde village was built and endowed by the governors of Erasmus Smith's schools, with land given by Colonel Forde. A girls' school was built in 1816 by Colonel Forde, and Rev. W. B. Forde built a school-house at Anadorn in 1840.

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    in the village of Seaforde. was built and endowed by the governors of the schools founded by Erasmus Smith ; two acres of land required by the governors to be made over in perpetuity for the master were given by the late Colonel Forde, and a yearly gratuity is paid to him by the present head of the family, the Rev. W. B. Forde. There is also in the village a girls' school, built in 1816 by Colonel Forde, and endowed by him with £14 per annum. A school-house in the townland of Clara was built, chiefly by Colonel Forde, in the same year. In 1840 the Rev. W. B. Forde built a neat school-house at Anadorn ; this school, and that at Clara, are in connexion with the Church Education Society, from which each of the masters has a salary of £8, besides a gratuity of equal amount from the landlord. Contiguous to each of the Roman Catholic chapels is a national school ; and in the parish are several Sunday schools. At Clough are two places of worship for Presbyterians, one in conne.xion with the General Assembly, the other with the Remonstrant Synod of Ulster ; and at Seaforde is also a place of worship for Presbyterians. Miss M'Kenny, in 1832, bequeathed £50 to the poor of Clough, the interest of which is annually distributed by the rector.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 113

44. Seagoe House, residence of Archdeacon Saurin

    near Seagoe · parish · Armagh

    Seagoe House is listed as one of the principal gentlemen's seats in the parish of Seagoe, being the residence of the Venerable Archdeacon Saurin.

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    courts are held, in Kernan, for the estate of the Duke of Manchester ; Carrowbrack, for that of Colonel Blacker ; and Derry, for that of Lord Lurgan : the respective seneschals hold their courts every three weeks, for the recovery of debts under 40s., and courts leet are held once in the year. The principal gentlemen's seats are, Seagoe House, the residence of the Venerable Archdeacon Saurin 3 Killicomaine ; and Carrick, of the Blacker family, a large edifice built in 169'2, but much improved since : its gardens and pleasure-grounds retain many specimens of the taste of that age. In the sheep-walk of the demesne, on the summit of a low ridge or knoll, is a curious excavation of an elliptic form, about 80 yards in circumference, sloping gradually inwards on all sides with great regularity ; in the demesne generally are numerous fine old oaks, and well-grown beech and ash.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 274

45. Sea Horse transport wrecked in Tramore Bay

    near Tramore Bay · bay · Waterford · 1816

    In 1816 the Sea Horse transport, carrying the 2nd battalion of the 59th regiment of foot, was wrecked in Tramore Bay. 292 men and 71 women and children perished.

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    afforded by numerous vehicles. Races, which are much encouraged by the neighbouring gentry, and supported by subscription, are held annually on the strand. At one extremity of the beach, immense heaps of sand have been thrown up by the sea and now form a rabbit warren ; from their summit is a view of the bay, the navigation of which is very dangerous. In 1816, the Sea Horse transport, with the 2nd battalion of the 59th regiment of foot, was wrecked in this bay, when 292 men and 7 1 women and children perished. Within the entrance of the bay are two small fishing-coves, from which it has been proposed to carry out two piers for the prevention of similar calamities, and which would also form a commodious harbour for the boats employed in the Nymph-bank fisheries. The market is on Saturday, and is well supplied with meat, fish, and vegetables ; it is held in a large walled square, along one side of which are sheds, erected by Lord Doneraile. A chief constabulary police force is stationed here, and pettysessions are held on alternate Tuesdays.

    The parish church of Drumcannon is situated in the town, and in the churchyard is a monument raised by the surviving officers of the 59th to the memory of the shipwrecked soldiers of that regiment ; they also erected a monument in the cemetery of the old church at Drumcannon, over the remains of those who were interred there. The town is the head of a Roman Catholic district, comprising the parishes of Drumcannon and Corbally, in each of which is a chapel, that of Drumcannon being in the town of Tramore. An almshouse founded for 12 men and 12 women by INIrs. Catherine Walsh, and a dispensary maintained in the customary manner, are also situated in the town ; near which are the ruins of the castle of Cullen, formerly a place of great strength.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 351

46. Seals' Hole sea cavern at Aughris headland

    Aughris · townland · Sligo

    A sea cavern called Seals' Hole, frequented by seals, extends nearly 100 yards along the rocky shore of Templeboy parish. At its entrance are pendent cliffs over 100 feet high above violent incoming waves.

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    TEMPLEBOY, a parish, in the barony of Tyre- R.\GH, union and county of Sligo, and province of CoNNACGHT, 3 milcs (E.) from Dromore-West, on the mail-coach road to Ballina j containing 3812 inhabitants. This parish, which is situated at the entrance of the bay of Sligo, and includes within its limits the point or headland of Aughris, comprises 9112^ statute acres. A large portion is mountainous, and there is a considerable tract of bog ; the land is generally of good quality and principally under tillage, but the system of agriculture is not improved. There are quarries of stone of good quality for building, and also of slate. The principal seats are Sea View House, Cork Hill, Grange, and Donahantra. The entrance of the bay of Sligo, from the headland of Anghris to the point of Rinoran, is about five miles wide; and the shores of the parish, which are bold and rocky, are curiously indented with caverns excavated by the action of the waves. One of these, called Seals' Hole, from the number of seals which frequent it, is nearly 100 yards in length ; at the entrance are some remarkable pendent cliffs, more than 100 feet above the water, which rushes in with great violence. The cavern called Khorandhun, or "the Iron chest," extends a considerable distance under the cliff, and is frequently visited by strangers ; a small landing-place has been made near it by the coast-guard, enabling small fishing-boats from the Donegal coast to land in safety. At PuUendiva is a coastguard station, one of the five that constitute the district of Sligo. The parish is a vicarage, in the diocese of Killala, forming part of the union of Kilmacshalgan; the rectory is impropriate in R. W. Hillas, Esq., and Colonel Gore, and the tithe rent-charge is £420, of which £262. 10. are payable to the impropriators, and the remainder to the vicar. The Roman Catholic parish is co-extensive with that of the Established Church. A priory of Augustine canons was founded in 1280 at Akeras, otherwise Kilmantine, by the family of Mac Donald; the prior was in 1544 consecrated bishop of Elphin. In a field near Grange a gold signet ring, weighing nearly an ounce, was dug up by a labourer, some years since.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 319

47. Seapatrick church built 1698 on ruined ancient site

    near Seapatrick · population centre · Down · 1641–1698

    The church at Seapatrick, a small building on the eastern shore of the Bann, was erected in 1698 upon the site of the ancient edifice destroyed in the war of 1641. A larger replacement church was later built near Banbridge under an 1834 order in council.

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    The living is a rectory and vicarage in the diocese of Dromore, and in the patronage of the Bishop and the Crown ; the rectory till lately formed part of the union of Aghaderg and of the corps of the deanery of Dromore. The tithe rent-charge is nearly £300. The glebehouse is a commodious old building ; the glebe comprises 1 1 If statute acres, valued at £155. 5. per annum. The church, a small building on the eastern shore of the Bann, was erected in 1698 upon the site of the ancient edifice, which had been destroyed in the war of 1641 ; being incapable of accommodating one-sixth of the population, a large church has been built near Banbridge, under the provisions of an order in council obtained in 1S34, at a cost exceeding £3000, of which £1500 were given by the Ecclesiastical Commissioners, nearly £1000 by the Marquess of Downshire (who also gave the site), and the remainder was raised by voluntary contributions. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish forms part of the district of Tullylish. Near Banbridge is a meeting-house for Presbyterians in connexion with the Remonstrant Synod : here are also a meeting-house in connexion with the General Assembly, built in 1830; one until recently in connexion with the Seceding Synod; and a chapel each for the Wesleyan and Primitive Methodists. The parochial schools, with residences for the master and mistress, situated on the glebe, are endowed with an acre of land, and supported by subscriptions. Near Banbridge is a large male and female schoolhouse, comprising a centre and wings, the former the residence of the master and mistress, and the latter the schools ; it was built by subscription, to which the Marquess of Downshire contributed £90, and is endowed with an acre and a half of land and £50 per annum. There are also schools at Ballydown, Ballylough, and Banbridge. At Tullyconnaught is a large school, founded and endowed by Miss M. Mulligan by will dated 1S24, and built in 1829 at a cost of £150; it is in connexion with the Board of National Education. On the Dromore road was a chalybeate spring, similar in its properties to the waters of Aix-la-Chapelle, and efficacious in scurvy ; it has been recently filled up. The late Baron M'^Clelland was born here ; as was also his contemporary. Dr. Dickson, Bishop of Down and Connor.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 275

48. Sea-shells from Lough Foyle islands used as manure

    near Lough Foyle · estuary · Derry

    In maritime districts and up to ten miles inland, sea-shells brought by boats from islands in Lough Foyle were a favourite manure, chiefly oyster, muscle, and cockle, spread at 30–60 barrels per acre.

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    Of manures, lime, which can be procured in almost every part of the county, is in most extensive use, that of Desertmartin being esteemed the best ; the cr)ntiguous marl is also used, especially at Cruintballyguillen, or the Leek. In the maritime districts, and from six to ten miles inland, a favourite manure is sea-shells brought by boats from islands in Lough Foyle : the shells are chiefly oyster, muscle, and cockle ; from 30 to 60 barrels are spread on an acre. Shelly sand is also gathered from the coast, and from the shores of the Bann : trenching and throwing the mould on an unturned ridge, and the burning of peat for the ashes, are likewise practised. The breeds of cattle of every kind are much improved by judicious crossing. Derry not being a sheep-feeding county, the attention of the farmers has been less turned to this species of stock ; yet some of the gentry have large flocks. Pigs are to be found in almost every house and cottage ; they are usually slaughtered at home, and the carcasses sent to market for the supply of the provision-merchants of Belfast, Londonderry, and C'oleraine. Of the horses, one breed is the active, hardy, mountain garran, of a bay or sorrel colour, and slight make : the Scottish Highland horses are likewise in great request, and, together with a cross with the sinewy draught-horse, are in common use. A cross with the blood-horse has also been introduced. My roe is famous for good cattle. All the improved agricultural implements are in general use ; the advances made in every department of rural economy have been considerably promoted by the exertions of the North-West Farming Society, which holds its meetings in Londonderry and receives an annual donation of ten guineas from the Irish Society of London. Among wild-fowl, one species is very remarkable, the barnacle, which frequents Lough Foyle in great numbers, and is much esteemed for the sweetness of its flesh, as at Wexford and Strangford, though elsewhere rank and unsavoury : the difference here arises from its feeding on the fiiciis saccharintis. The ancient abundance of timber is evinced both by tradition and public documents ; also by the abundance of pine found in all the bogs, of yew at Magilligan, and of fossil oak and fir in the mosses, even in the most exposed situations : but the woods have been wholly demolished by the policy of clearing the country, the lavish waste of fuel, the destruction made by exporting staves (once the staple of the county), and the demand for charcoal for smelting lead and iron. Coal, chiefly from Lancashire, is the principal fuel of the respectable classes in Londonderry and its vicinity ; English, Scotch, and Ballycastle coals are used at Coleraine. But almost the universal fuel of the county is turf; in the fertile and thickly inhabited districts many Vol. II.— '257

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 95

49. Seats and estates around Kenmare parish

    Kenmare · town · Kerry

    Notable seats in Kenmare parish include Lansdowne Lodge (the marquess's agent's residence), Greenlane, Killowen House, Shelburne Lodge, Horsefield, Beechmount, and Roughty Lodge. A large portion of the parish belongs to Trinity College, the remainder to the Marquess of Lansdowne.

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    The PARISH comprises 22,490 statute acres, including a large tract of rocky mountain and bog, a considerable portion of which is easily reclaimable, from the abundance of limestone that in various places breaks the surface of the ground : the portion in tillage is mostly of a clayey soil. The system of agriculture, though still in a backward state, is gradually improving. The seats are, Lansdowne Lodge, the residence of the marquess's agent; Greenlanc ; Killowen House ; Shelburne Lodge; Horsefield ; Beechmount ; and Roughty Lodge. The two last and Greenlanc are on the property of Trinity College, to which a large portion of the parish belongs ; the remainder, with the exception of the glebe, is the property of the Marquess of Lansdowne.

    Kenmare is in the diocese of Ardfert and Aghadoe, and is a rectory and vicarage, with the rectory of Tuosist united, together constituting the union of Kenmare, in the gift of the Crown. The tithe rent-charge of the parish is £1.09. 4. S., and of the whole union £329. ,5. ; there is a glebe of four acres, but no glebe-house. The church is a neat structure with a steeple, built in 1814,

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 6

50. Seats of Kilcommon parish, Wicklow

    Kilcommon · parish · Wicklow

    The principal seats in the parish of Kilcommon, County Wicklow, include Ballybeg, Rockingham, Town View, and Ballyshonogue. The parish contains the post-town of Tinahely and 3479 inhabitants.

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    KILCOMMON, a parish, in the barony of South Ballinacor, county of Wicklow, and province of Leinster ; containing, with the post-town of Tinahely, 3479 inhabitants. It comprises 11,209 statute acres of land, mostly in a good state of cultivation, the system of agriculture having been greatly improved under the influence of the Shillelagh Agricultural Society : there are some mountain land and peat-bog. The principal seats are Ballybeg, Rockingham, Town View, and Ballyshonogue : the residence of the parish priest was

    K I L— C O

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 16

51. Second lace factory in Clare Street, 1836

    Clare Street · street · Limerick · 1836

    A second lace-factory was established in 1836 in Clare Street by William Lloyd, Esq. Together with the Mount Kennett establishment and others, four lace factories in Limerick employed 2,000 females of all ages.

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    Considerable efforts for the encouragement of the Lnen and cotton m.\nufactures were not long since made, but failed. The former branch of industry has of late greatly declined : it had existed in the county for more than a century, and, by the exertions of the Chamber of Commerce, the weavers were enabled to manufacture that description of linen best adapted to command a sale. There was a linen-hall, in which markets were held every Friday and Saturday. Premiums, also, were given by the Chamber of Commerce, until this branch of their public exertions was undertaken by the Agricultural Association, a committee of which, united with the Trustees for the Promotion of Industry in the county, met for the purpose in the committee-room at the linen-hall every Saturday. This united committee, besides annual subscriptions from its own body, which are applicable to all improvements in agriculture, has under its management a fund of about £7000 allocated to the county by a board of directors in London, for the purpose of promoting the linen, woollen, cotton, and other trades, among the poor. The glove trade, once of great celebrity, has declined considerably, most of the gloves sold under the name of Limerick being now manufactured in Cork. The tanning of leather was formerly very flourishing, but fell latterly into a very depressed state ; it has, however, revived within the last two years, through the encouragement given to it by INIr. Russell, an extensive provisionmerchant, by whom this branch of business is largely carried on. A manufactory was formed in lS'i9, at Mount Kennett, for tambour lace and running, better known by the name of Irish bloade, which is here brought to great perfection ; the wrought article is sent to London. A second lace-factory was established in 1836, in Clare-street, by Wm. Lloyd, |Esq. ; and there are now four lace factories, employing in the aggregate 2000 females of all ages. A muslin-factory, in the Abbey parish, employs 100 boys as apprentices; and a brush factory gives employment to 300 persons. The distillery of Stein, Browne, and Co., at Thomond-gatc, 231

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 78

52. Second Newry castle built 1480, demolished by Shane O'Nial

    near Newry · town · Down · 1480

    A second castle was built at Newry in 1480 but was demolished by Shane O'Nial, who held a strong castle at Feedom (now Fathom). Marshal Bagnal later restored the castle and rebuilt the town with Protestant settlers.

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    Lignn ; it was also named Na-Yiir, and at a still later period. The Newry s. The charter of Mac Loughlin was renewed and enlarged by Hugh de Lacy, Earl of Ulster, in 1237, and the head of the house was made a mitred abbot, with episcopal jurisdiction within the precincts of the lordship. When Sir John de Courcy took possessicra of this district, he secured the pass (justly considered as very important, being the only road through the mountains between Ulster and Leinster,) by a castle, which was destroyed by Bruce, on the retreat of the Scotch after their defeat at Dundalk in 1318. After several changes of masters, during which the place was frequently in the possession of the O'Nials, chieftains of Ulster, a second castle was built in 1480, which was demolished by Shane O'Nial, who then held a strong castle at Feedom, now Fathom. Marshal Bagnal restored the castle, rebuilt the town, and peopled it with Protestant settlers; for which James I., in 1613, had granted the entire lordship, together with the manors of Mourne, Greencastle, and Carlingford, in fee to him and his heirs for ever. At the breaking out of the civil war in 1641, Sir Con Magennis took the town and castle, destroyed the church, and slew many of the inhabitants. It was shortly after recovered by Lord Conway, who however did not hold it long, as O'Nial surprised it by night, and regained possession. In 1 64'2, Munroe invested the town, and took it by storm. After the Restoration, Newry recovered from the sufferings inflicted on it, and continued to flourish till 1689, when it was burned by the Duke of Berwick in his retreat from Duke Schomberg : the castle and six houses only remained.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 207

53. Seneschal of Imokilly scales Youghal walls, 1582

    Youghal · town · Cork · 1582

    In 1582 the seneschal of Imokilly mustered all his forces and came suddenly to Youghal, scaling the town walls. The alarm was given and he was repulsed by a portion of the garrison with the loss of fifty of his men.

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    In 1579, the Earl of Desmond, on being proclaimed a traitor, led his forces to this place, plundered the town, and carried o£f the property of the inhabitants to his castles of Strancally and Lisfinny, in the county of Waterford, at that time occupied by the Spaniards. The Earl of Ormonde, receiving intelligence of this attack, sent a ship from Waterford with troops which entered the town ; but, being overpowered by the forces of the seneschal of Imokilly, most of them were killed, and the remainder escaped with difficulty to their ship. The mayor had before this perfidiously refused to receive an English garrison, promising to defend the place to the last e.xtremity; having made no effort for that purpose, he was tried by a court martial, found guilty, and hanged before his own house. The devastation to which the town was subjected during this rebellion compelled the inhabitants to abandon it ; but on the retreat of the insurgents in 15S0, they were invited to return, and in order to inspire them with confidence a garrison of 300 foot was left for their defence. In 15S2 the seneschal of Imokilly, with all the forces he could muster, came suddenly to Youghal and scaled the walls ; the alarm however being given, he was repulsed by a portion of the garrison, with the loss of 50 of his men. On the plantation of Munster, in the 28th of Elizabeth, 1586, an important project was contemplated which has been strangely overlooked by most writers on the subject, yet which, if it had been carried out, would have resulted in the formation of a new county in Ireland. We learn from Sir Richard Cox, that it was the royal wish the county of Cork should be divided into two ; the western and more considerable portion to retain its name, having for its capital the city of Cork ; and the

    YO UG

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 409

54. Sepulchral earthworks and lost heathen monument on the Curragh

    Curragh · townland · Kildare

    The Curragh contains numerous earthworks, most appearing sepulchral, forming a chain of fourteen small raths or circular intrenchments without ramparts extending nearly three miles east and west. A tradition persists of a stupendous heathen monument of huge stones once existing there, though no vestige remains.

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    here are sixteen small conical hills, supposed to be the seats on which the elders sat. Not far from the rath is a single pillar-stone, called Gobhlan, about seven feet high, supposed to have been erected for the worship of Baal. Similar stones are to be seen at Kilgowan, Furnace, and Punch's Town, all in the vicinity of Naas. At Harristown, near Kilcullen, is another of those taper upright stones, with a conical top ; and about two miles from Jigginstown are two, known by the name of the Long Stones. The rath of Knock-Caellagh, near Kilcullen, consists of a tumulus surrounded by a circular intrenchment, '20 feet wide and 10 deep, with a rampart outside the trench : Cromwell is said to have encamped here on his way to the south. Others less remarkable, yet worthy of notice, are to be seen near Rheban, two miles north of Athy, at Kildare, at Naas, near Kilkea Castle, at Moone, at Clane, at Lyons (across which rath the boundary line of the counties of Kildare and Dublin passes), and at Rathsallagh, near Duncavan. On the Curragh are numerous earthworks, most of which appear to be sepulchral, forming a chain of fourteen small raths or circular intrenchments without ramparts, in a line of nearly three miles, extending east and west. A tradition has long prevailed of a stupendous heathen monument of huge stones existing here ; but no vestige of it can now be discovered.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 20

55. Sepulchral tumulus of unknown origin at Murragh churchyard

    Murragh · townland · Cork

    A large sepulchral tumulus of unknown origin stands in the churchyard at Murragh, near the River Bandon.

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    centre of the parish ; it was erected by aid of a loan of £550 from the Board, in 1810. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish is the head of a district, comprising also the parish of Temple-Martin, and containing two chapels ; that of Murragh, situated at Nucestown, is a spacious edifice. Robert Lisson, Esq., by will, gave £5 per annum to poor Protestant parishioners, which sum was to be paid out of his estate of Roughgrove, in the parish of Kilbrogan, and distributed annually by the incumbent. In the churchyard is a large sepulchral tumulus, of unknown origin. The former church stood close to the edge of the river ; the waters, in consequence, gradually undermined the bank, and destroyed the building, though it had not been many years erected : the present church, built on a different site, forms a conspicuous object for many miles round.

    MURROE, a village, in that part of the parish of Abington which is in the barony of Owneybeg, union and county of Limerick, and province of Munster, 8 miles (K. S. E.) from Limerick, and on the road from Abington to Newport ; containing 57 dwellings, and 311 inhabitants. This little village stands near the boundary of the counties of Tipperary and Limerick, in the vicinity of the Slieve-Phelim range of mountains ; though very favourably situated for trade, it is a poor neglected place. It is a constabulary police station ; and has fairs on April 29th, and Oct. 27th. Here is a Roman Catholic chapel, a large handsome building; also a dispensary.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 191

56. Settlers' intrenchment at Killowen near Kenmare, 1689

    Killowen · townland · Kerry · 1689

    When the natives began to annoy Petty's settlers in 1689, the colonists at first cast up an intrenchment at Killowen, which they ultimately surrendered before being forced to embark for England.

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    KENMARE, a post-town and parish, and the head of a union, in the barony of Glanerough, county of Kerry, and province of Munster, 30^ miles (S.) from Tralee, and I60 miles (S. W.) from Dublin, on the new road from Killarney to Glengariff; containing .")S39 inhabitants, of whom 1339 are in the town. Sir Wm. Petty, who had obtained an extensive grant of land in this district, planted a colony of English here in I67O, at an expense of £10,000; established iron-works and a fishery on a large scale; and contributed mudi to the improvement of this wild part of the country. In l6s.5, the natives began to annoy these settlers, who at first cast up an intrenchment at Killowen, which they ultimately surrendered, and after being deprived of the whole of their property they were forced to embark for England with a very small quantity of provisions. The colony, however, was re-established soon after King ■U'illiams conquests, and the fishery resumed. The TOWN, formerly called Nedeen, is situated near the north-eastern extremity of the great river, or rather bay, of Kenmare, and consists chiefly of one wide street of neat and well-built houses, from which another diverges towards the Sound. The number of houses, in 1S41, was 172 ; several of them had been just erected, in consequence of the encouragement for building given by the proprietor, the Marquess of Lansdowne. An excellent road to Killarney, through a rocky and mountainous district, was opened about '20 years since, previous to which this remote district had been almost excluded from communication with the surrounding country ; and another to Glengariff and Bantry, over the range of mountains separating the counties of Cork and Kerry, was lately completed. The latter crosses the Sound at Kenmare by a handsome suspension-bridge (to which the marquess contributed £3000), and opens a line of communication between Bantry and Killarney, commanding a succession of the most sublime and picturesque scenery. A commodious and excellent hotel in the town, and several lodging-houses near the strand, afford accommodation to the visiters resorting hither during the bathing-season, who are chiefly attracted by the romantic scenery and fine salmonfishing of the river Blackwater, which flows into the bay of Kenmare about six miles below the town. A newsroom is supported by subscription.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 5

57. Seven-arch bridge over the Bann at Kilrea

    near Kilrea · town · Derry

    A substantial stone bridge of seven arches spans the river Bann at Kilrea in County Londonderry, forming a communication between Kilrea and the county of Antrim. The town, largely developed by the Mercers' Company, consists of a square and four principal streets.

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    KILREA, a market and post town, and a parish, partly in the barony of Coleraine, but chiefly in that of LouGHiNSHOLiN, couuty of LONDONDERRY, and province of Ulster, 28 miles (S. E.) from Londonderry, and 110 (N.) from Dublin, on the roads leading respectively from Coleraine to Portglenone and Castlc-Dawson, and from Garvagh to Ballymoney ; containing 4227 inhabitants, of whom 1191 are iu the town. This parish is situated on the western shore of the river Bann, over which is a substantial stone bridge of seven arches, forming a communication between Kilrea and the county of Antrim, with which there is a great intercourse. The town, which has a post-office in connexion with Coleraine, is near the river, in that part of the parish within the barony of Loughinsholin ; and consists of a square, or diamond, and four principal streets, comprising 214 houses, of which about 12 are slated, and the remainder thatched. The inhabitants are now supplied with water from a pump lately placed in the middle of the Diamond by the Mercers' Company, the public fountain in the south-eastern angle of the square being no longer used. A spacious and commodious hotel, and a handsome residence for their agent, have also been erected by the company, who are proprietors of the town and surrounding district. Their estate, of which this town may be considered the head, comprehends 41 towulands j

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 51

58. Seven churches of Tuam and cathedral of St. Mary

    Tuam · town · Galway

    Tuam once had seven churches, of which only the cathedral of St. Mary remains. Vestiges of the other six — including the Church of the Shrine, the abbey of the Holy Trinity, and churches of St. John, St. Bridget, and St. Jarlath — could still be traced in various parts of the town.

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    Of the seven churches formerly in this parish, the only one now remaining is the cathedral of St. Mary ; but vestiges of the other six may still be traced in various parts of the town : they were " the Church of the Shrine," of the abbey of the Holy Trinity, of St. John, St. Bridget, St. Jarlath, and the old parish church, the burial-ground of which is still a favourite place of interment for the Roman Catholic parishioners. There are some slight remains of the ancient castle, which consisted of a strong keep, with a large court-yard defended by lofty massive walls with towers at the angles and at the gateway entrance, and was surrounded by a deep fosse, into which the waters of the adjacent river were diverted.

    TUBBER, a parish, in the union of Baltinglass, partly in the barony of Upper Talbotstown, but chiefly in that of Lower Talbotstown, county of WicKLOw, and province of Leinster, 1 mile (N.) from Dunlavan, on the road to Ballymore-Eustace ; containing 576 inhabitants. This parish, which comprises 1423 statute acres, is situated at the junction of the counties of Kildare and Wicklow. It is a curacy, in the diocese of Dublin, annexed by act of council in 1833 to the union of Dunlavan : the rectory is appropriate to the archbishop, and the tithe rent-charge is £66. 9. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish forms part of the district of Dunlavan. There are slight remains of the church, situated in a burial-place, near an old mansion the property of the Leslie family. 602

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 355

59. Shallee Castle ruins in Kilnemona parish

    Shallee · townland · Clare

    At Shallee in Kilnemona parish stand the ruins of a castle of that name, though no particulars of its history survive. The site is one of several antiquities recorded in the parish.

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    KILNEMONA, a parish, in the union of ExN'nis, barony of Inchiqiin, county of Cl.-vre, and province of MuNSTER, 4 miles (W. N. \V.) from Ennis, on the road to Ennistymon ; containing 1758 inhabitants. This parish, though only f of a mile in breadth, e.xtends nearly five miles in length : it comprises 54 18:^ statute acres, about two-thirds of which are excellent arable and pasture land, and the remainder chiefly reclaimable bog; the state of agriculture is improving. In the eastern part is a quarry of limestone of superior quality, used for various purposes, and producing stones of considerable size which are easily detached, the strata being regularly disposed one above the other. Magowna, a scat, in the parish, is situated near the ruins of the castle of that name, formerly the residence of Bryan O Brien. The parish is in the diocese of Killaloe ; the rectory forms part of the rectorial union, and the vicarage part of the vicarial union, of Dromcliffe. Of the tithe rent-charge, amounting to £93. 15., three-fifths are payable to the rector and the remainder to the vicar : there is a glebe of about one acre. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish is part of the district of Inagh, and has a chapel. The ruins of the church still remain, in the burial-ground ; at Shallee are the ruins of the castle of that name, of which no particulars are extant ; and there are several ancient forts or raths. KILNENER.— See Killinor.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 49

60. Shanagarry castle ruins and Desmond's defence

    Shanagarry · town · Cork

    The ruins of a castle at Shanagary were unsuccessfully defended by the Earl of Desmond against Queen Elizabeth's troops. It was held by the Irish in 1641 but captured by Cromwell, who ordered it dismantled.

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    pairs of elks' horns of very large size, found on the estate in 1714. At Shanagary are the ruins of a castle, which was unsuccessfully defended by the Earl of Desmond against Queen Elizabeth's troops ; it was held by the Irish in 1641, but was captured by Cromwell, by whose orders it was dismantled.

    KILMAHUDDRICK, a parish, in the union of South Dublin, barony of Newcastle, county of Dublin, and province of Leinster, 5 miles (S. W.) from Dublin; containing 6 inhabitants, and comprising ISlJ statute acres. It is a chapelry, in the diocese of Dublin, forming part of the union of Clondalkin : the tithe rent-charge is £1'2. 10. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish forms part of the district of Lucan. There are some remains of the church ; and of a castle at Grange.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 43