A topographical dictionary of Ireland : comprising the several counties; cities; boroughs; corporate, market and post towns; parishes; and villages, with historical and statistical descriptions embellished with engravings of the arms of the cities, bishopricks, corporate towns, and boroughs ; and of the seals of the several municipal corporations .. (vol. 2)

Each story keeps the passage it was read from. Open one to read it as the scan has it, and, where the companion has written its own telling, that too. The passages are read off photographs of the page by machine, so a word here and there comes out wrong; they are kept as the reading produced them, so you can check any of them against the scan.

1. Shanagolden glebe-house erection

   Shanagolden · town · Limerick · 1813

   The glebe-house for the rectory and vicarage of Shanagolden was erected in 1813 with the aid of £400 and a loan from the Board of First Fruits. The glebe itself comprises 11 acres, composed of three portions.

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   KILFANE, a parish, in the barony of Gowran, union and county of Kilkenny, and province of Leinster, 2 miles (N. E. byN.) from Thomastown, and on the road from Dublin to Waterford ; containing 931 inhabitants. This parish is supposed to have derived its name from the foundation of a church here at a very early period by St. Phian : it comprises 397 If statute acres, and is principally under tillage ; the agriculture is moderately good, and there is plenty of limestone, which is used for manure. The principal seats are, Kilfane House, the handsome residence and demesne of the Power family ; Summer Hill ; and Castlefield. The living is a rectory, in the diocese of Ossory, united by act of council, in I676, to the vicarages of TuUowherin and Blanchevillestown, together forming the union of Kilfane and the corps of the archdeaconry of Ossory, in the patronage of the Bishop. The tithe rent-charge of the parish is £205. 10., and of the whole benefice £410. 7. 8. The church is a neat edifice with a spire, built in 1832, at a cost of £800, whereof £500 were a loan from the Board of First Fruits, and £300 were raised by subscription ; the Ecclesiastical Commissioners lately granted £114 for its repair. The glebe-house was erected by aid of a gift of £100 and a loan of £600, in 1811, from the Board of First Fruits ; the glebe comprises 46 acres. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish forms part of the union of Thomastown. Here are some remains of the ancient church, and of Kilbline and Ballynaboola Castles.

   Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi

2. Shanbally Castle, seat of Viscount Lismore

   Shanbally · townland · Tipperary

   Shanbally Castle is the splendid mansion of Viscount Lismore, erected by the architect Mr. Nash of London. Its demesne of 820 acres is finely wooded and situated in a valley between the Galtee and Waterford mountains, surrounded by scenery of grand and imposing character.

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   Clogheen, 7398 inhabitants. It comprises 94,923 statute acres. Within its hmits is Shanbally Castle, the splendid mansion of Viscount Lisraore, erected by Mr. Nash, of London : the demesne, which comprises 8'20 acres, is finely wooded, and, being situated in a valley between the Galtee and Waterford mountains, is surrounded by scenery of a grand and imposing character. His lordship lately erected a lodge in a situation of much beauty in a glen of the Galtees, and encircled it with a plantation of about I.=iO acres ; the agricultural improvements carried on under his inspection afford employment to a considerable number of persons. A manor court is occasionally held. The living is a vicarage, in the diocese of Lismore, episeopally united in 1774 to that of Templetenny, and in the gift of the Crown : the rectory is impropriate in Lord Lismore, and Caesar Sutton, Esq. The tithe rent-charge of the parish is £49o. 15., of which £311. '>. are payable to the impropriators, and the remainder to the vicar ; there is a glebe of 2f acres, but no glebe-house.' The gross value of the benefice, including the glebe, before the passing of the Rentcharge act was £434. 12. The church built in 1812, having been condemned, was pulled down in 1846, and a new one is in course of erection in Clogheen, on a site presented by Lord Lismore, who has also contributed £300 towards the building; the estimated cost is £1200, of which £900 have been granted by the Ecclesiastical Commissioners. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish, under the name of Clogheen, is co-extensive with that of the Established Church ; and contains the chapels of Clogheen, and Burncourt or Shanbally Cross. At Burncourt are the ruins of a fine old castellated mansion, originally erected by one of the barons of Ikerrin, and besieged and taken by a party of Cromwell's army : it was inclosed in a bawn or court of considerable extent, surrounded by a high wall, and, with its tall gables and chimneys, still forms a striking object. At Shanrahan is the burial-place of the O'Callaghan family, of which Lord Lismore is the head. Quin, the celebrated actor, is said to have been a native of this parish.

   Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 277

3. Shanbally castle, stronghold of Earl of Desmond

   Shanbally · townland · Cork

   Near Kildinan at Shanbally are the ruins of an ancient castle that was once the stronghold of the great Earl of Desmond. The site represents the medieval power of the Desmond Geraldines in the Rathcormac area of Cork.

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   dispensary. At Shanbally, near Kildinan, are the ruins of an ancient castle, once the strong hold of the great Earl of Desmond.

   RATHCOURSEY, a village, in the parish of Gar- RANEKENEFiCK, union of MiDLETON, barony of Bar- R\MORE, county of Cork, and province of Munster ; containing '28 houses, and 165 inhabitants.

   Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 247

4. Shanballymore village and its former castle

   Shanballymore · town · Cork

   Shanballymore, in the parish of Templeroan near Doneraile, contained 89 thatched houses in 1841 and one of two Roman Catholic chapels for the Doneraile district. A castle formerly stood here, though no remains are described.

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   SHANBALLYMORE, a village, in the parish of Templeroan, union of Mallow, barony of Fermoy, county of Cork, and province of Munster, 4 miles (E. S. E.) from Doneraile, on the road to Rockmills ; containing 471 inhabitants. This village, which sometimes gives name to the parish, contained, in 1841, 89 houses, mostly thatched ; also one of the two Roman Catholic chapels belonging to the district of Doneraile, a plain cruciform building. A patent exists for a fair, which is not held. Here was formerly a castle.

   SHANBOUGH, a parish, in the union of New Ross, barony of Ida, county of Kilkenny, and province of Munster, 3^ miles (W.) from New Ross ; containing 491 inhabitants, and comprising IBO'J^ statute acres. It is a vicarage, in the diocese of Ossory, forming part of the union of Rossbercon ; the rectory is impropriate in the corporation of Waterford, and the tithe rent-charge is £62. 4., of which two-thirds are payable to the corporation, and the remainder to the vicar. In the Roman Catholic divisions also the parish is part of the union or district of Rossbercon. 508

   Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 276

5. Shanid Castle, fortress of the Earls of Desmond

   Shanid · electoral division · Limerick

   Shanid Castle, about a mile south of Shanagolden in the parish of Kihnoylan, was one of the most impregnable fortresses held by the Earls of Desmond and gave rise to their war cry 'Shanid-a-boo'. It sits atop a steep hill surrounded by a strong rampart and fosse and gives its name to a baronial division of the county.

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   About a mile south from the town, in the parish of Kihnoylan, is Shanid Castle, one of the most impregnable of the fortresses possessed by the earls of Desmond, and from which they took their war cry of Shanid-aboo : this castle, which gives name to a baronial division of the county, occupies the top of a steep hill, and is surrounded by a strong rampart and fosse. Not far distant is a very extensive circular fort, divided by earthworks into four compartments ; but these subdivisions appear to be of later date than the original formation of the fort. A mile north from the town is Knockpatrick, said to be the highest land in the county, whence the surrounding country is seen stretching in extensive perspective, with the majestic course of the Shannon through its numerous windings to the sea. On the summit are the remains, held in great veneration, of an old church supposed to have been consecrated by St. Patrick, whose chair is shown in an adjoining field, composed of five rude unhewn stones ; and not far distant is a well dedicated to him, of which various legends are related : the side walls of this venerable edifice are nearly entire, though the east and west gables have entirely disappeared ; and the space of the w-estern wall is occupied by a large and curious tomb belonging to the families of Bourke and Griflin. From this hill are views embracing the high grounds of the counties of Tipperary, Galway, Cork, and Kerry, with the rich lands of Clare and Limerick in the foreground, and the towns of Limerick and Ennis rising beyond the expanded waters of the Shannon.

   SHANBALLYMORE, a village, in the parish of Templeroan, union of Mallow, barony of Fermoy, county of Cork, and province of Munster, 4 miles (E. S. E.) from Doneraile, on the road to Rockmills ; containing 471 inhabitants. This village, which sometimes gives name to the parish, contained, in 1841, 89 houses, mostly thatched ; also one of the two Roman Catholic chapels belonging to the district of Doneraile, a plain cruciform building. A patent exists for a fair, which is not held. Here was formerly a castle.

   Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 276

6. Shanid Castle, fortress of the Earls of Desmond

   Shanid · electoral division · Limerick

   Shanid Castle was one of the principal fortresses of the Earls of Desmond and gave rise to their war-cry of 'Shanid-a-boo.' The walls are ten feet thick and forty feet high, resting on an artificial conical mound atop a hill rising abruptly from a fertile plain, surrounded by numerous intrenchments.

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   KILMOYLAN, a parish, in the union of Ratii- KEELE, barony of Siiamd, county of Limerick, and province of Minster ; adjoining the post-town of Shanagolden, and containing 3350 inhabitants. This parish is near the river Shannon, and comprises 15,091 statute acres ; the land in the northern part is fertile, and rests on limestone, but the southern parts are hilly. About one-third of the whole is in cultivation ; the remainder is rough mountain pasture and bog. There are very few agricultural implements, as most of the land is under spade husbandry. The living is a vicarage, in the diocese of Limerick, and in the patronage of the Vicars-Choral of Limerick cathedral, to whom the rectory is appropriate : the tithe rent-charge is £174.6., one-third payable to the vicar and the remainder to the lessees of the vicars-choral. There is no church, glebehouse, or glebe. In the Roman Catholic divisions the jiarish forms part of the district of Shanagolden, and has a chapel in the small village of Ballyhahill. Here' are the remains of Shanid Castle, one of the principal fortresses of the earls of Desmond, and from which originated their war-cry of Sliuiiirl-a-boo : the walls are ten feet thick and forty high, and rest upon an artificial conical mound on the top of a hill, which rises abruptly from a fertile plain and is surrounded by numerous intrenchments. Near the castle is a spacious circular fort surrounded by embankments and fosses.

   Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 48

7. Shankill Castle, Kilkenny

   Shankill · townland · Kilkenny

   Shankill Castle is described as a handsome residence within Shankill parish. Kellymount is also named as a seat in the same parish.

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   SHANKILL, or St. Kill, a parish, in the barony of GowRAN, union and county of Kilkenny, and province of Leinster, 3 miles (S. W.) from Bagnalstown, on the road to Kilkenny ; containing 2586 inhabitants. The parish comprises 6489 statute acres. At Kellymount and Shankill are some of the principal flagstonequarries in the county, the produce of which is chiefly sent by the Barrow navigation to Dublin, Waterford, and other places, and generally sold under the name of Carlow flags. Limestone is also quarried ; and a considerable quantity of stone, coal, and culm, is obtained at Bornafea : light turf is procured on the hills. The seats are, Shankill Castle, a handsome residence; and Kellymount. There is a station of the constabulary police within the limits of the parish. The living is a rectory, in the diocese of Leighlin, and in the gift of the Crown : the tithe rent-charge is £325. 10. ; there is neither glebe-house nor glebe. The church, towards the erection of which, in 18U, the late Board of First Fruits contributed £800, is a plain neat edifice. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish forms part of the district of Grange Silvae, and has a chapel in the village of Paulstown, which place is partly in this parish, and partly in that of Kilinocahill. 509

   Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 276

8. Shannon-Bridge and its fortifications

   Shannonbridge · town · Offaly

   Shannon-Bridge village derives its name and origin from a handsome stone bridge of sixteen arches crossing the Shannon, connecting King's county with Roscommon. A tower, battery, artillery barrack and magazine form a tete-du-pont at the western end, with an advanced redoubt on a rising ground nearby.

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   SHANNON-BRIDGE, a village, in the parish of Clonmac.nois, union of Parsonstown, barony of Gar- RYCASTLE, King's county, and province of Leinster, 8 miles (S.) from Athlone ; containing 398 inhabitants. It is situated on the river Shannon, and derives its name and origin from a bridge which here crosses the river and connects King's county with that of Roscommon. The bridge is a handsome structure of stone, 140 yards in length ; it consists of sixteen arches, exclusive of two over a parallel canal, the roadway being level throughout. At the western or Roscommon end are a tower and battery forming a tete-du-pont, with an artillery barrack for 2 officers and 44 men, and a magazine annexed. On a rising ground in the vicinity is an advanced redoubt. The village is a station of the constabulary police; and contains one of the two Roman Catholic chapels belonging to the district, and the parochial school.

   SHANNON-HARBOUR, a village, in the parish of Gallen, union of Parso.nstow.n, barony of Garrycastle, Kings county, and province of Leinster, 3 miles (W.) from Cloghan ; containing 244 inhabitants. It is situated at the junction of the Grand Canal with the river Shannon, and near the L^ppcr Brosna river, which falls into the Shannon a little above it. Here is one of the stations of the Inland Steam Navigation Company, from which, on the arrival of the canal packet-boat from Dublin, a steamer starts for Portumna, Killaloc, and Limerick. In the village is a station of the constabulary police.

   Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 276

9. Shannon canal from Lough Allen at Drumshanbo to Battlebridge

   Drumshanbo · town · Leitrim

   A canal from Lough Allen near Drumshanbo to Battlebridge overcame the navigation difficulties of the first seven and a half miles of the Shannon along Roscommon's eastern frontier, connecting onward to Carrick-on-Shannon.

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   The chief rivers connected with the county are the Shannon and the Suck. The Shannon, from Lough Allen, throughout the whole of its course along the eastern frontier of the county, has been made navigable, notwithstanding its numerous rapids. The difficulties of the first seven miles and a half are obviated by a canal from Lough Allen, near Drumshanibo, to Battle- 482

   Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 260

10. Shannon estuary from Limerick to Loop Head

    Loop Head · promontory · Clare

    Below the pool of Limerick the Shannon expands into a wide estuary, mingles with the Fergus, and discharges into the Atlantic between Loop Head and Kerry Head about 60 miles from Limerick. The estuary is interspersed with islands of very various character.

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    The manufactures and commerce, except an inconsiderable supply of coarse frieze, coarse linen, and flannel for domestic use, and a manufacture of linen and cotton checks at Glin, centre in the city of Limerick, under the head of which they are described. There are bleach-greens, principally for home sale, at Newcastle, Castle-Connell, and Lingland ; and paper-mills at Ballygooley, Anacotty, and Rossbryn, the two latter in the ancient liberties of the city ; also very extensive flour-mills at Askeaton, Cahirass, Rathkeale, Croom, Corbally, Kilmallock, and Sunville, whence great quantities of flour are shipped for London, Liverpool, and the Clyde. The exports are butter, grain, flour, and salted provisions ; the whole of which are either shipped at Limerick, or sent to Dublin by the canal, but the great outlet is by the Shannon. This noble river, of which some account is given under the head of the county of Cavan, forms the northern boundary of the county. Below the pool of Limerick it expands into a wide estuary, and after a course of about 1/ miles, mingles its waters with those of the Fergus, forming an arm of the sea several miles wide, interspersed with islands of very various character, and discharging itself into the Atlantic between Loop Head and Kerry Head, about 60 miles from Limerick. All the rivers of the interior are branches of the Shannon ; they are the Maig or Mague, the Commogue, the Daun or Morning Star, the Deel, and the ' Mulcairne. The Deel is navigable to Askeaton, and the Maig to the parish of Adare. On the south-west the county is bounded for some distance by the Feale river, flowing by Abbeyfeale ; and on the south-east for about three miles by the Funchcon. Except the short canal above Limerick, made in 17.59, to facilitate the navigation of the Shannon, there is no artificial navigation within the county.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 74

11. Shannon forms western boundary from Lough Ree

    near Lough Ree · lake or lakes · Westmeath

    The River Shannon forms the western boundary of County Westmeath from Lough Ree to a point some miles south of Athlone, marking the county's border with Roscommon and Galway.

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    Moiiga^h, the (JUne, the (ianie, and the Hulluimralli. The Shannon forms the western boundary from Lough Ilee to a point some miles south of Athlone. The lioyul Canal enters the county from that of Meath, two miles north of Kinnegad, and, after crossing the Inny by an aqueduct, enters the county of Longford nearTinellick : a branch of the Grand Canal enters from the King's county near Rahue, and proceeds to Kilbeggan. The roads are numerous : those of modern construction are well laid out and maintained ; the older arc ill laid out and constructed, but these defects are in progress of being remedied.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 390

12. Shannon-Harbour canal and steamer station

    Shannon Harbour · electoral division · Offaly

    Shannon-Harbour village is situated at the junction of the Grand Canal with the river Shannon. It serves as a station of the Inland Steam Navigation Company, from which a steamer departs for Portumna, Killaloe, and Limerick upon the arrival of the canal packet-boat from Dublin.

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    SHANNON-HARBOUR, a village, in the parish of Gallen, union of Parso.nstow.n, barony of Garrycastle, Kings county, and province of Leinster, 3 miles (W.) from Cloghan ; containing 244 inhabitants. It is situated at the junction of the Grand Canal with the river Shannon, and near the L^ppcr Brosna river, which falls into the Shannon a little above it. Here is one of the stations of the Inland Steam Navigation Company, from which, on the arrival of the canal packet-boat from Dublin, a steamer starts for Portumna, Killaloc, and Limerick. In the village is a station of the constabulary police.

    SHANRAHAN, a parish, in the union of Clog- HEE.v, barony of Iffa and Offa West, county of Tip- PERARY, and province of Minster, on the road from Clonmel to Cork ; containing, with the post-town of

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 276

13. Shannon navigation canal above Limerick (1759)

    Limerick · city · Limerick · 1759

    A short canal above Limerick was constructed in 1759 to facilitate Shannon navigation. Apart from this, there was no artificial navigation within County Limerick.

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    The manufactures and commerce, except an inconsiderable supply of coarse frieze, coarse linen, and flannel for domestic use, and a manufacture of linen and cotton checks at Glin, centre in the city of Limerick, under the head of which they are described. There are bleach-greens, principally for home sale, at Newcastle, Castle-Connell, and Lingland ; and paper-mills at Ballygooley, Anacotty, and Rossbryn, the two latter in the ancient liberties of the city ; also very extensive flour-mills at Askeaton, Cahirass, Rathkeale, Croom, Corbally, Kilmallock, and Sunville, whence great quantities of flour are shipped for London, Liverpool, and the Clyde. The exports are butter, grain, flour, and salted provisions ; the whole of which are either shipped at Limerick, or sent to Dublin by the canal, but the great outlet is by the Shannon. This noble river, of which some account is given under the head of the county of Cavan, forms the northern boundary of the county. Below the pool of Limerick it expands into a wide estuary, and after a course of about 1/ miles, mingles its waters with those of the Fergus, forming an arm of the sea several miles wide, interspersed with islands of very various character, and discharging itself into the Atlantic between Loop Head and Kerry Head, about 60 miles from Limerick. All the rivers of the interior are branches of the Shannon ; they are the Maig or Mague, the Commogue, the Daun or Morning Star, the Deel, and the ' Mulcairne. The Deel is navigable to Askeaton, and the Maig to the parish of Adare. On the south-west the county is bounded for some distance by the Feale river, flowing by Abbeyfeale ; and on the south-east for about three miles by the Funchcon. Except the short canal above Limerick, made in 17.59, to facilitate the navigation of the Shannon, there is no artificial navigation within the county.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 74

14. Shannon river enters Leitrim from Glangavlin into Lough Allen

    near Lough Allen · lake or lakes · Leitrim

    The Shannon, originally called Sionan meaning 'calmness,' entered County Leitrim about four miles from its source in the lonely district of Glangavlin in County Cavan. It descended southward into Lough Allen.

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    The principal of the numerous rivers is the Shannon (originally Sionan, signifying " calmness," but afterwards written Shenaii), which enters the county in a copious stream about four miles from its source in the midst of the lonely district of Glangavlin, in the county of Cavan, and descends southward into Lough Allen,

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 70

15. Shannon Steam-Navigation Company at Killaloe

    Killaloe · town · Clare

    The Shannon Steam-Navigation Company established its headquarters at Killaloe, with a boat-building yard near the mill. Regular steam-packet communication carried goods and passengers up the Shannon through Lough Derg to Portumna, Athlone, and Banagher, and from Banagher by canal-boats to Dublin.

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    The TOWN is pleasantly situated on a rising ground on the western bank of the Shannon, near the noted falls of Killaloe, and about a mile from Lough Derg ; and is connected with the county of Tipperary by an ancient bridge of nineteen arches. It consists of one square, with a principal and several smaller streets, and contains about 300 houses. There is a small infantry barrack. A flourishing trade in stuffs, camlets, and serges was formerly carried on, and two well-supplied markets were held weekly ; but both the manufacture and the narkets have been discontinued. Above and below the bridge are numerous eel-weirs, which produce a strong current in the river ; and there is also a salmon-fishery. In the vicinity are some very extensive slate-quarries, from which, on an average, about 8000 tons are annually raised for the supply of the surrounding country to a great distance. A mill, with machinery driven by water, has been erected at an expense of £6000, for cutting and polishing stone and marble, and working them into mantel- pieces, flags, slabs, and other articles, in which about 100 men are employed, for whose residence near the works there are some handsome slated cottages. A spirit of cheerful industry and of enterprise seems to promise much for the increasing prosperity of the town. Close to the mill is a yard for boat-building, belonging to the Shannon Steam-Navigation Company, whose head-quarters are at this place and who have established a regular communication by steam-packets, for goods and passengers, up the Shannon, through Lough Derg to Portumna, Athlone, and Banagher, and from Banagher by canalboats to Dublin. The company afford employment to a great number of persons in the construction and repair of docks and warehouses. About a quarter of a mile from the village of O'Brien's-Bridge is the pierhead, where the steam-boats transfer their cargoes and passengers to a packet-boat, which is towed at a rapid rate to Limerick, between which place and Dublin boats ply daily ; the trip to Portumna and ■Williamstown is beautifully picturesque. Below the bridge the navigation of the Shannon is interrupted by a ridge of rocks, over which the water rushes with great noise ; and the appearance of the town at this place, with the waters of Lough Derg in the distance, and the venerable cathedral rising above the bridge and backed by a fine mountain range, is strikingly romantic. To remedy this obstruction of the navigation, the Board of Inland Navigation constructed a canal through the bishop's demesne, avoiding the rocks, and joining the river beyond the falls ; it also erected an hotel, called the Ponsonby Arms, for the accommodation of families visiting Lough Derg and its neighbourhood. The lake is about thirty miles in length, and abounds with beautiful and interesting scenery, more especially in that part which is near the town ; the shores are embellished ■with several handsome mansions, embosomed in luxuriant woods and plantations, and with several ancient and venerable castles. Pike, perch, trout, and various other fish are taken in abundance ; among them is found the Gallaroo trout. Fairs are held on April 5th, May 24th, Sept. 3rd, and Oct. 20th ; and petty-sessions once a fortnight. A constabulary police force is stationed in the town.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 33

16. Shanogh castle on Edmund Burke's Clogher estate

    Clogher · townland · Cork

    On the Clogher estate in Templeroan parish, once owned by the celebrated Edmund Burke, stood an ancient and strongly fortified castle called Shanogh. Some vestiges of its foundations can still be traced.

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    The living is a rectory, in the diocese of Cloyne, united by act of council to the perpetual curacy of Doneraile, and in the gift of the Bishop. The tithe rent-charge is £273. 16. 2. ; and the incumbent, as curate of Doneraile, receives from the impropriator of that parish a stipend of £13. 6. 8., late currency. The church of the union is in the town of Doneraile. In the Roman Catholic divisions, also, the parish forms part of the union or district of Doneraile ; the chapel at Shanballymore is a plain cruciform building. On the Clogher estate, which once belonged to the celebrated Edmund Burke, was an ancient and strongly fortified castle, called Shanogh, of which some vestiges of the foundations may still be traced ; and attached to the mansion of Ballynamona is the venerable ruined castle of that name, said to have been originally built by the Nagle family in the reign of King John : it now consists chiefly of a square tower, richly mantled with ivy, and forming an extremely interesting object. Of the castle of Shanballymore, not a vestige exists. In the burial-ground are the ivied ruins of the church ; it has been for centuries the burial-place of the Nagle family.

    TEMPLEROBIN, Cork.— See Great Island.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 326

17. Shanrahan, burial-place of the O'Callaghan family

    Shanrahan · townland · Tipperary

    At Shanrahan is the burial-place of the O'Callaghan family, of which Lord Lismore is the head. The celebrated actor Quin is also said to have been a native of this parish.

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    Clogheen, 7398 inhabitants. It comprises 94,923 statute acres. Within its hmits is Shanbally Castle, the splendid mansion of Viscount Lisraore, erected by Mr. Nash, of London : the demesne, which comprises 8'20 acres, is finely wooded, and, being situated in a valley between the Galtee and Waterford mountains, is surrounded by scenery of a grand and imposing character. His lordship lately erected a lodge in a situation of much beauty in a glen of the Galtees, and encircled it with a plantation of about I.=iO acres ; the agricultural improvements carried on under his inspection afford employment to a considerable number of persons. A manor court is occasionally held. The living is a vicarage, in the diocese of Lismore, episeopally united in 1774 to that of Templetenny, and in the gift of the Crown : the rectory is impropriate in Lord Lismore, and Caesar Sutton, Esq. The tithe rent-charge of the parish is £49o. 15., of which £311. '>. are payable to the impropriators, and the remainder to the vicar ; there is a glebe of 2f acres, but no glebe-house.' The gross value of the benefice, including the glebe, before the passing of the Rentcharge act was £434. 12. The church built in 1812, having been condemned, was pulled down in 1846, and a new one is in course of erection in Clogheen, on a site presented by Lord Lismore, who has also contributed £300 towards the building; the estimated cost is £1200, of which £900 have been granted by the Ecclesiastical Commissioners. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish, under the name of Clogheen, is co-extensive with that of the Established Church ; and contains the chapels of Clogheen, and Burncourt or Shanbally Cross. At Burncourt are the ruins of a fine old castellated mansion, originally erected by one of the barons of Ikerrin, and besieged and taken by a party of Cromwell's army : it was inclosed in a bawn or court of considerable extent, surrounded by a high wall, and, with its tall gables and chimneys, still forms a striking object. At Shanrahan is the burial-place of the O'Callaghan family, of which Lord Lismore is the head. Quin, the celebrated actor, is said to have been a native of this parish.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 277

18. Shaughnessy castle besieged at Timoleague, 1642

    Timoleague · town · Cork · 1642–1643

    The castle belonging to Sir Roger Shaughnessy at Timoleague was besieged and burned in 1642 by Lord Forbes, who then set sail for the Shannon. It was again taken from the Irish in 1643 by Col. Myn.

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    to the south more than 12 yards long, and on the south of the nave is an open arcade, extending round one side of the transept, and supported by seven irregular arches resting on cylindrical and square pillars without capitals. The windows are varied in their style and elevation : the east window is composed of three lofty lights, divided by stone mullions ; the south window of the transept is also of three lancet-shaped lights, and the great west window of two. On the east side of the south transept is an oratory with light and elegant window's, and those of the nave are pointed, square-headed, obtuse, and ogee. The division or screen between the nave and choir is by a lofty arch, on which rests a small light square tower, 68 feet high ; and beneath this tower is a narrow and curious passage similar to those leading to the rood-loft in English cathedrals. The dormitories, refectory, and other domestic edifices are remaining. During the reign of Mary, the monks retook possession of this abbey ; and iu 1603, the Roman Catholics again occupied it, and completely repaired it in every part. In 1518, Edmund Courcy, Bishop of Ross, was buried here ; he had built the scjuare tower, now so conspicuous an ornament, and also the dormitory and library. Timoleague was for several centuries the burial-place of the powerful families of Mac Carty Reagh, de Courcy, O'Cullan, O'Hea, and others. The castle belonging to Sir Roger Shaughnessy was besieged and burned in 1642, by Lord Forbes, who then set sail for the Shannon ; it was again taken from the Irish, in 1643, by Col. Myn.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 333

19. Shell-sand banks in Castlemaine Bay

    Castlemaine Harbour · bay · Kerry

    Large banks of shell-sand occur in Castlemaine Bay, of a muddy blueish cast containing numerous whole shells of the species of cardium, providing a useful resource.

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    In the northern upland formation of the middle district of Kerry are beds of culm, which has been worked only in its eastern range, in the county of Cork. Some specimens of the culm from Killarney, Tralee, and Castleisland wore nearly incombustible, which may be accounted for from their having been taken from the surface : in a drift in the river Awineeghrea, a branch of the Flesk, the specimens resemble plumbago. It is possible, by sinking, to obtain coal like that of Kilkenny. A band of limestone, containing a few organic remains, traverses the southern part of this formation ; it is chiefly blue, compact, with chert over it, and to the west partly regularly stratified. Where it shows itself in the middle of the Slieve Lughar bogs, in Lord Kenmare's quarries, it is also blue and compact, without any chert, but a good deal of calcareous spar. It next appears about two miles west of Killarney, on the Flesk, much intermingled with hornstone or chert, and, finally, constitutes the great deposition which forms nearly all the islands and promontories on the north side of the Lower lake. The limestone there meets the brown transition rocks of the mountains ; and near the junction it is traversed by metallic veins of copper and lead. A second band is found in various places along the course of the Gheestan, where it is blackish and mingled with chert-. The whole bottom of the valley of the Maine consists of limestone lying in strata, which, though generally confused, appear to lap on each side above those of the mountain. The hniestone is generally compact, and much impressed with marine remains ; black and hard towards Tralee, where it is dressed as marble ; whitening and more tender towards Castleisland and the Maine, and of course more readily calcined : both kinds are excellent and nearly pure. Towards the northern side of the beds they become more flinty, and are separated from the mountain rocks by thin beds of Lydian stone, black or blueishgrey, with the cross fracture slightly conchoidal. Towards Tralee this becomes a complete horn-slate, the shiver of which is highly valued for road gravel. There are large banks of shell-sand in Castlemaine bay ; it is of a muddy blueish cast, containing numerous whole shells of the species of cardium. One of the Skellig rocks, which has often been called marble, contains nothing but bolts of quartz traversing the brown slate. The mountain of Slieve Mish, which runs parallel to the Maine on its northern side, and terminates in the peninsula of Corkaguiney, is composed of old sandstone or grit, dipping about 40° N. to 8° W. : towards the interior the dip is greater, and the rock more indurated. It is covered with thick beds of millstone grit, or coarsegrained conglomerate, with pebbles of quartz, &c. 13

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 10

20. Shelton Abbey, seat of the Earl of Wicklow

    Shelton · townland · Wicklow · 1834

    Shelton, the splendid seat of the Earl of Wicklow, lay within the parish of Kilbride, County Wicklow, which was wholly the property of that nobleman. The Earl erected the parish church in 1834 at a cost of £900.

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    KILBRIDE, a parish, in the poor-law union of Rathdrum, barony of Arklow, county of Wicklow, and province of Leinster ; situated near Arklow, from which it is separated by the river Ovoca ; and containing 1445 inhabitants. It hes on the coast, extends three miles northward of Arklow, in the direction of Wicklow, and comprises 6754 statute acres : the land is generally in a high state of cultivation. Shelton, the splendid seat of the Earl of Wicklow, is within the

    parish, which is wholly the property of that nobleman ; there are, besides, several good residences, viz. Woodmount, Seabank, Sheepwalk, Templemiehael, Kilbride, and Ballyrichard. Near the mouth of the Ovoca is a coast-guard station. The living is a vicarage, in the diocese of Glendalough, and patronage of the Archbishop of Dublin. Kilbride includes the ancient parishes of Templemiehael and Templerainey, and previously to 1S33 constituted part of the union of Arklow, from which it was then separated by act of council ; it now forms, together with the parish of Enorely or Eneriley, the union of Kilbride. The vicarial tithe rent-charge is £138. 9. 4. The church, erected in 1834 by the Earl of Wicklow, at a cost of £900, is a handsome structure in the later English style, with a tower. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish forms part of the district of Newbridge and Baranisky : the chapel is a neat and spacious edifice. Upwards of 200 children are educated, without religious distinction, in schools supported entirely by the Earl and Countess of Wicklow ; and about 130 children and young persons are instructed in a Sunday school under the superintendence of the minister. Within the parish are the ruins of three ancient churches, those of Kilbride, Templemiehael, and Templerainey, with burial-places adjoining each. The ruins of Kilbride church are on an eminence commanding a fine view of the town and bridge of Arklow, a great expanse of sea, the demesne of Shelton Abbey, and the woods of Glenart : in the churchyard adjoining is a mausoleum of the Howard family.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 16

21. Shercock, birthplace of Richard Brinsley Sheridan

    Shercock · town · Cavan

    Shercock parish is the birthplace of the celebrated dramatist and politician Richard Brinsley Sheridan, whose family resided there. The parish also includes the ancient parish of Killan, a name retained in the Roman Catholic Church.

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    The living is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of Kilmore, and in the patronage of the Bishop ; the tithe rent-charge is £145. 11.8. The glebe-house was erected by aid of £100 and a loan of £900 from the late Board of First Fruits, in 1819 ; the glebe comprises 292f acres, valued at £406 per annum. The church adds much to the appearance of the village ; it was built about 60 years since, and a tower has been since added to it. la the Roman Catholic divisions the parish is united to 48 townlands of Bailieborough parish, being the ancient parish of Killan, which name is still retained in the Roman Catholic Church : the chapel is at Kilcrossbawn. Tliis is the birthplace of Richard Brinsley Sheridan, whose family resided here.

    SHERKIN.— See Innisherkin.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 277

22. Shiell's Well at the foot of Vinegar Hill

    near Vinegar Hill · hill or hills · Wexford

    At the foot of Vinegar Hill lies Shiell's Well, famed for the purity of its water and nicknamed the 'liquid diamond.' The inhabitants of Enniscorthy were supplied from this source through pipes and public conduits.

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    TEMPLESHANNON, a parish, in the union of Enniscorthy, partly iu the barony of Scarawalsh, but chiefly in the barony of Ballaghkeen, county of Wexford, and province of Leinster ; containing, with a part of the town of Enniscorthy, 3232 inhabitants. It is situated on the eastern bank of the river Slaney, along which it extends in a north-eastern direction about two miles from the town, with the main body of which it is connected by the bridge ; the parish is bounded on the north and east by the small river Blackwater, and within its limits is the mount called Vinegar Hill, one of the principal stations of the insurgents during the disturbances of 1798. (See Enniscorthy.) It comprises 49h2| statute acres, and is chiefly in tillage, but there is a good deal of pasture on the sides of Vinegar Hill i the soil is productive, and the state of agriculture improving. Building-stone is found at Clonhaston and Drumgoold ; and a few years since, some fine specimens of plumbago were discovered at Grenville. At the foot of VinegarHill is " Shiell's Well," so remarkable for the purity of its water as to have obtained the designation of the " liquid diamond :" from this source the inhabitants of the town are supphed, by pipes laid along the

    4D

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 327

23. Shillelagh barony's rugged aspect under Earl Fitzwilliam

    Shillelagh · town · Wicklow

    The barony of Shillelagh was much improved through the exertions of the late Earl Fitzwilliam, one of the largest proprietors in the county. Despite these improvements, it still retained a rugged and forbidding aspect, with thin soils based on clay-slate interspersed with rocks and granite.

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    In the country east of the great central mountain chain, and south of Wicklow, the only scenes of peculiar beauty are the vales of the Ovoca and the Avonmore. The general aspect of this part of the county is marked by extensive swells and ranges of elevated ground descending to vales of little picturesque beauty, though the road along the coast, from Wicklow to Arklow, presents many fine sea-views. One of the southern extremities of the central mountain tract is Askeaky, close to .\ughrim, from which hill a range of mountainous heights stretches south-westward, by Tinahely and the western side of the Aughrim or Derry river, through Shillelagh, to tlie confines of Carlow and Wexford counties. The barony of Shillelagh, though much improved through the exertions of the late Earl Fitzwilliam, still wears a rugged and forbidding aspect. The alluvial district to the west of the great mountain range consists for the most part of low, long, and flat hills, with intervening valleys sometimes spread out into broad meadows of considerable fertility ; the only hills of striking elevation being those of Baltinglass, \'i~i feet high; Brisselstown, 1330; and Spynan's, 1351. This district is enriched with numerous gentlemen's seats ; yet some parts exhibit a neglect of improvement, such as the great glen or valley of Imale, between five and six miles long and from three to four broad, extending from Stratford-upon-Slaney to the foot of Lugnaquilla mountain, and presenting an appearance of desolate wildness, notwithstanding that there is every inducement to cultivation.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 405

24. Shillelagh church erected 1834

    Shillelagh · town · Wicklow · 1834

    A church was erected in 1834 at Shillelagh in the mixed Gothic style of architecture, with an embattled tower and spire, built of hewn granite. The cost was £2500, with £900 from the Board of First Fruits and the remainder supplied by Earl Fitzwilliam.

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    SHILLELAGH, an ecclesiastical district, and the head of a union, in the harony of Shillelagh, county of WiCKLOw, and province of Leinstkk, 3 miles (N. W.) from Carnew, on the road to Tuilow, and contiguous to the small river Dcrry : the population is returned with Carnew, out of which this district was formed in 1833 ; the village of Shillelagh contains 186 inhabitants. The district takes its name from the wood of Shillelagh, once the most celebrated forest in Ireland for the excellence of its oak, which was exported to diU'erent parts of Europe ; and it is said that Turlogh, King of Leinster, sent hence the oak for the roof of Westminster Hall to William Rufus. Agriculture has much improved here within the last few years ; the late Earl Eitzwilliam reclaimed an extensive tract of bog and waste land by draining and trenching, under the superintendence of Mr. Mill, from Scotland. Adjoining the village are extensive flour, carding, and bone mills, and a bleaching green. The villages of CooUattin and Coolboy are within the district, as is also the handsome seat of CooUattin Park, the property of Earl Fitzwilliam and the residence of his lordship's agent; the mansion is very large, and situated in a fine park of about 400 acres, tastefully laid out, and planted with a variety of forest-trees. In the district are also Hillbrook, pleasantly situated in a rich demesne embellished with timber ; and Coolboy House. The living is a perpetual curacy, in the diocese of Ferns, and in the patronage of the Rector of Carnew : there is neither glebe nor glebe-house. The church, erected in 1834, is in a picturesque situation, and in the mixed Gothic style of architecture, with a tower embattled, and surmounted with a spire ; the interior is elegantly fitted up, and the whole is of hewn granite : the cost was £'2500, of which sum the Board of First Fruits gave £900, the remainder being supplied by Earl Fitzwilliam, excepting a sum received for the sale of a few seats. In the Roman Catholic divisions Shillelagh forms part of the district of Carnew and Crosspatrick. Here is a lending library. The workhouse of the union, on a site of 6^ acres held at a rent of £8, was completed in 1841 at a cost of £.5300, for 400 inmates.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 277

25. Shillelagh oak sent for Westminster Hall roof

    Shillelagh · town · Wicklow

    The wood of Shillelagh was once the most celebrated forest in Ireland for its excellent oak, exported to parts of Europe. Tradition holds that Turlogh, King of Leinster, sent oak from Shillelagh for the roof of Westminster Hall to William Rufus.

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    SHILLELAGH, an ecclesiastical district, and the head of a union, in the harony of Shillelagh, county of WiCKLOw, and province of Leinstkk, 3 miles (N. W.) from Carnew, on the road to Tuilow, and contiguous to the small river Dcrry : the population is returned with Carnew, out of which this district was formed in 1833 ; the village of Shillelagh contains 186 inhabitants. The district takes its name from the wood of Shillelagh, once the most celebrated forest in Ireland for the excellence of its oak, which was exported to diU'erent parts of Europe ; and it is said that Turlogh, King of Leinster, sent hence the oak for the roof of Westminster Hall to William Rufus. Agriculture has much improved here within the last few years ; the late Earl Eitzwilliam reclaimed an extensive tract of bog and waste land by draining and trenching, under the superintendence of Mr. Mill, from Scotland. Adjoining the village are extensive flour, carding, and bone mills, and a bleaching green. The villages of CooUattin and Coolboy are within the district, as is also the handsome seat of CooUattin Park, the property of Earl Fitzwilliam and the residence of his lordship's agent; the mansion is very large, and situated in a fine park of about 400 acres, tastefully laid out, and planted with a variety of forest-trees. In the district are also Hillbrook, pleasantly situated in a rich demesne embellished with timber ; and Coolboy House. The living is a perpetual curacy, in the diocese of Ferns, and in the patronage of the Rector of Carnew : there is neither glebe nor glebe-house. The church, erected in 1834, is in a picturesque situation, and in the mixed Gothic style of architecture, with a tower embattled, and surmounted with a spire ; the interior is elegantly fitted up, and the whole is of hewn granite : the cost was £'2500, of which sum the Board of First Fruits gave £900, the remainder being supplied by Earl Fitzwilliam, excepting a sum received for the sale of a few seats. In the Roman Catholic divisions Shillelagh forms part of the district of Carnew and Crosspatrick. Here is a lending library. The workhouse of the union, on a site of 6^ acres held at a rent of £8, was completed in 1841 at a cost of £.5300, for 400 inmates.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 277

26. Shoal of Monaster Ladizi near Annagh headland

    Annagh · townland · Mayo

    Nearly opposite to Eagle Island, the headland of Annagh projects boldly into the Atlantic. About half a mile west of it is a shoal called Monaster Ladizi, over which the sea constantly breaks with great violence.

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    inner dock would make the harbour of Saleen still more useful than it is at present. A pier has also been constructed at Tarmon, of granite from the quarry on Tarmon Hill, at an expense of £ 1 000, granted by the Board of Fisheries ; and about 20 hookers of six tons each, and 100 yawls, are employed in the fishery off this coast, which is carried on by persons who are also farmers. There is a small landing-pier at Belmnllet. Nearly opposite to Eagle Island is the headland of Annagh, projecting boldly into the Atlantic; and about half a mile to the west of it is a shoal called Monaster Ladizi, over which the sea constantly breaks with great violence. Fairs for live stock are held at Binghamstown on the first day of every month ; there is a constabulary police station ; and petty-sessions are held weekly at that place and Belmullet, each of which is described under its own head.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 48

27. Shrine of St. Manachan at Lemanaghan chapel

    Lemanaghan · townland · Offaly

    On the altar of the Roman Catholic chapel at Lemanaghan is an ancient shrine supposed to contain the bones of St. Manachan. The chapel is described as a very humble building in the diocese of Ardagh.

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    The living is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of Meath, formerly held by faculty with the rectory and vicarage of Tessauran, but now separately, and in the patronage of the Bishop. The tithe rent-charge is £311. 11. ; there is no glebe-house, but there is a neat small cottage, on the glebe, which comprises 79 acres. The church is a plain edifice, situated at Liss, and built in 1826, partly by parochial assessment, but chiefly by aid of a loan of £1000 from the Board of First Fruits ; and an organ was erected in it at the cost of T. H. Mulock, Esq. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish is in the diocese of Ardagh, and forms part of the district of BaUinahone : the chapel is a very humble building ; on the altar is an ancient shrine, supposed to contain the bones of St. Manachan. A dispensary is supported at the expense of Dr. MoUoy, who has also invested £.500 in a loan fund, which is supported solely by him. There are some remains of tlie castle of Leraanagban ; and at Doon are the remains of the ancient castle of the O'lNIooneys, now in the possession of R. J. E. Mooney, Esq., a lineal descendant of that family, whose residence is on the estate. Of the castle, which was a spacious structure on a rock, only one tower is remaining ; it is thickly overspread with ivy, and forms a picturesque object.

    LENEY, a parish, in the union of Mullingar, barony of Corkaree, county of Westmeath, and pro- 219

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 72

28. Shrule named from a bloody battle in 960

    Shrule · townland · Longford · 960

    The parish of Shrule derives its name, signifying 'the bloody stream,' from a battle fought there in 960. The parish is in the barony of Rathcline, county of Longford.

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    SHROWL.— See Abbeyshrule. SHRUEL, or Shrule, a parish, in the union of Ballymahon, barony of Rathcline, county of Longford, and province of Leinster ; containing, with the post-town of Ballymahon, 36/1 inhabitants. This parish, which derives its name, signifying " the bloody stream, " from a battle fought here in 960 (noticed in

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 277

29. Siege and massacre of Spanish forces at Smerwick

    Smerwick · townland · Kerry

    Additional forces with military stores landed at Smerwick from Spain to support the insurgents. After a long siege the troops surrendered at discretion and were barbarously murdered, together with all who had joined them.

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    In 1579, a party of Spaniards and a few native insurgents having landed with Saunders, the Pope's nuncio, at Smerwick, in this county. Sir John of Desmond, the earl's brother, to ingratiate himself with them, procured the murder, at Tralee, of Henry Danvers, an English gentleman, and the two provincial judges sent there to execute justice in the queen's name, together with all their attendants. This transaction completed the determination of the government totally to abohsh all the Earl of Desmond's powers of exclusive jurisdiction, which his subsequent rebellion gave an opportunity to effect. The earl's wavering and indecisive conduct, in which he was encouraged by the Lord of Kerry, brought a protracted war of extermination on the whole province ; and, his defection proving every day more certain, he was at length proclaimed a traitor, and his country entered with fire and sword. The Earl of Ormonde and Sir Warham St. Leger wasted his lands, slew numbers of his* men, burned his towns, and took his castles (putting both Spaniards and natives to the sword) as far, with the aid of the lord-justice, as the mountains of Slievelogher. They then ravaged and destroyed the district of Corkaguiney from Tralee to Dingle, slaying many of the people. While this desultory warfare was proceeding, additional forces, with military stores for the insurgents, landed at Smerwick from Spain ; but these troops, after a long siege, surrendered at discretion, and were barbarously murdered, together with all who had joined them. Captain Zouch was then appointed, with 450 men, to govern the county and pursue the insurgents, which he did with the utmost rigour ; but the English army being soon reduced to an insignificant force, the war again revived with all its horrors ; and it was terminated only by the death of the earl, who was slain by a party of common soldiers in a wretched hovel in a wood, where he had taken refuge, a few miles east of Tralee. Sir John Perrot shortly after gave the government of the palatinate to the queen's sheriff, and the Lord of Kerry, who had submitted and received pardon from the queen.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 6

30. Siege of Denny's castle at Tralee, 1641

    Tralee · town · Kerry · 1641–1642

    At the outbreak of the 1641 war, English families sheltered in Sir Henry Denny's castle at Tralee. The new-comers held off besiegers for six months until, worn out with fatigue and hunger and discouraged by the death of governor Sir Thomas Harris, they surrendered.

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    TRALEE, a borough, assize, sea-port, market, and post town, a parish, and the head of a union, in the barony of Trughenackmy, county of Kerry, and province of MuNSTER, 584: miles (W. N. W.) from Cork, and 151 (S. W. by W.) from Dublin ; containing 1'2,534 inhabitants, of whom 10,590 are in the town, which extends into the parish of Ratass and contains altogether 11,363 inhabitants. Its ancient name, Traleigh, "the Strand of the Leigh," is derived from its situation near the point at which the river Leigh or Lee discharges itself into the broad sandy bay of Tralee ; this river, though apparently so insignificant as to be covered over during its course through the town, is occasionally so much swelled by the winter torrents from the mountains as to cause much inconvenience, and at times damage, to the inhabitants. The first historical notice of the place is the record of the foundation of a Dominican monastery, in \'2\3, by John Fitz-Thomas of the Geraldine family, who, having been slain with his son Maurice and many of his followers in the battle waged at Callan against M'^Carthy More, was interred in it. In 13'25, Maurice Fitz-Maurice, fourth lord of Kerry, slew Dermot M<^Carthy here in the presence of the judge of assize, for which act he was severely punished. In 15/6, the great Earl of Desmond, who claimed that his palatinate should not be amenable to the jurisdiction of the king's judges, having in vain endeavoured to prevent Sir William Drury, then lord-justice, from holding the assizes at Tralee, invited him to his castle, where he met him peaceably attended by a large body of his followers. The lord-justice seeing them advancing towards him in military order, unjustly suspected treachery and ordered his attendants to charge, upon which Desmond and his men fled with the greatest precipitation, leaving the countess to explain the cause of the alarm. In 1579, Sir Henry Davels, who had been sent out by the lord-deputy to summon the Earl of Desmond to join him with his forces against the Spaniards, who had lauded at Smerwick, on his return from this mission was assassinated at Tralee by Sir John Desmond, a relation of the carl. In 1600, Sir Charles Wilmot here routed a party of the Irish with considerable slaughter. At the breaking out of the war of 1641, all the English families in and about Tralee took shelter in the castle belonging to Sir Henry Denny, to whom it had been granted after the death of the Earl of Desmond and the forfeiture of his property. Sir Edward assembled all his tenants for its defence ; but being ordered away on another duty he left the new-comers to their own resources, which they exerted so effectually that they kept the besiegers at bay for six months, until, being worn out with fatigue and hunger, and discouraged by the 594

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 348

31. Siege of Derry and Culmore relieved by Owen Roe O'Nial

    near Derry · city · Derry · 1649

    Derry and Culmore Fort were besieged for four months by royalist forces under Sir Robert Stewart, Sir G. Monroe, and Lord Montgomery. When the garrison of 800 foot and 180 horse was reduced to extremities, Owen Roe O'Nial relieved them.

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    London Adventurers sent over an agent with IctterK desiring that it should betaken within their plantation ; but in the year following, the mayor was ordered by the Lord- Lieutenant and Council to publish a proclamation against it. Colonel Audley Mervyn, who had been ai)pointed governor by the Marquess of Ormonde, was nevertheless obliged from expediency to take the covenant : in 1645 he was displaced by the parliament, and was succeeded by Lord FoUiott. Sir C. Cootc, the parliamentary general, having, in 1648, treacherously seized the person of Sir Robert Hamilton, forced him to surrender Culmore Fort ; by which the parliamentarians became masters of all the forts of Ulster, except Charlemont. The Marquess of Ormonde failing in his attempts to induce Sir C. Coote to join the king's cause, the latter was blocked up in Derry by the royalists ; soon after the city and Culmore Fort were rcgiilarly besieeed by Sir Robert Stewart, who was subsequently joined by Sir G. Monroe and Lord Montgomery with their respective forces, and Charles II. was proclaimed with great solemnity before the camp of Derry. The decapitation of the late king having excited horror among the majority of the people of the north, they rose in arms, and soon obtained possession of all the towns and forts ot strength in that quarter, except Derry and Culmore. These two places, after a siege of four months, and when the garrison, consisting of 800 foot and 180 horse, was reduced to the greatest extremities, were relieved by Owen Roe O'Nial, to whom Sir C. Coote had promised a reward of £5000 for this service ; and by the defeat of Ever Mac Mahon,the Roman Catholic general, the following year, at Skirfolas in Donegal, Coote finally reduced all Ulster under the power of the parliament. After the Restoration, Charles II., in 1662, granted letters patent to the Irish Society, containing, with very little alteration, all the clauses of the first charter of James I. ; this is the charter under which the society now acts. In 1684 the same monarch constituted a guild of the staple, with powers as ample as those enjoyed by any other city : in the following year, owing to the decay of trade, the corporation complained to the society that the government of the town was too expensive for the magistrates to sustain, and solicited an abatement of the rent.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 100

32. Siege of Mallow and Castle Garr, 1642

    Mallow · town · Cork · 1642

    On 11 February 1642 insurgent forces under Lord Mountgarret entered Mallow. Castle Garr was defended by Lieutenant Richard Williamson, who after sustaining repeated assaults agreed to surrender, then fought his way through enemy ranks to retreat into Mallow Castle.

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    On the 11th of February, 164'2, the insurgent forces under Lord Mountgarret entered the town, on which occasion Captain Jephson entrusted the strong castle of Mallow to the custody of Arthur Bcttesworth, with a garrison of "200 men, an abundant supply of arms and ammunition, and three pieces of ordnance. Castle Garr was defended by Lieutenant Richard Williamson, who, after sustaining repeated assaults, in which he lost most of his men and several breaches had been made, agreed to surrender upon honourable terms. After he had left the fortress, finding that the insurgents were not inclined to observe the terms of capitulation, Lieutenant Williamson seized a sword, and, with the rest of his party, resolutely fought his way through their ranks, and retired into Mallow Castle, which had been maintained with better success by Bettesworth. The insurgents during their stay at this place, chose as their commander Garret Barry, who had served under the King of Spain ; and on the 15th of Febrnary, a party of them attacked the fortified mansion of Mr. Clayton, in the immediate vicinity, but did not succeed in taking it till after a sanguinary conflict in which 200 of their number were killed and many wounded by the garrison, which consisted only of '24 men, whom, on taking the place, they put to the sword.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 133

33. Siege of Maynooth Castle 1535

    Maynooth · town · Kildare · 1535

    Lord Deputy Sir William Skeffington led a powerful army against Maynooth Castle on 14 March 1535, battering it from Crew hill for ten days. The castle fell after a fortnight through the treachery of its governor Christopher Pierce; all prisoners were put to death and their heads exposed on the castle turrets.

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    On the 14th of March, 1535, the lord deputy. Sir William Skeffington, led a powerful army against the castle of Maynooth, said in the official despatches of that day to be " the richest and best furnished house under the crown," and " the strongest castle the English had ever raised in Ireland." Having for ten days incessantly battered it from Crew hill, without effect, he at length, after a fortnight's defence, obtained possession by the treachery of its governor Christopher Pierce, foster-brother to the young lord, Thomas Fitzgerald, then in arms against the crosvn : on the following Thursday all the prisoners were put to death, and their heads exposed on spikes affixed to the turrets of the castle. Maynooth was for a short time forfeited to the king. Gerald, the surviving heir, a boy of ten years of age, having been rescued from the fate of his brother and five uncles by the chivalrous fidelity of his tutor, the Rev. Thomas Levereux, afterwards Roman Catholic bishop of Kildare, was concealed by him for a year in Ireland, and then secretly conveyed through Scotland to France and Italy. Educated by Cardinal Pole his relative, pensioned by the pope, and laden with spoils and glory in a campaign with the Knights of Rhodes against the Turks at Tripoli, he successively obtained, 311

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 142

34. Siege of Portumna Castle, 1659

    Portumna · town · Galway · 1641–1689

    After the 1641 war, the fifth Earl of Clanricarde fortified Portumna Castle and made it his principal residence when appointed lord deputy in 1650. In 1659 the castle was besieged by General Ludlow. During the war of the Revolution, it was garrisoned by James II's adherents but surrendered to Brigadier-General Eppinger's force of 1,200 horse and dragoons.

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    Clarence, from whom it passed to the Mortimer family, and subsequently to the Earl of Clanricarde, to whom it svas confirmed in 1610, together with the castle, monastery, fair, and markets. The monks of the Cistercian abbey of Dunbrody had for a long time a chapel here, which was dedicated to St. Peter and St. Paul, and which, on their abandonment of it, was given by OMadden, chief of the country, to friars of the Dominican order, who established a monastery here and a church dedicated to the Blessed Virgin. In 1634, the Earl of Strafford held a council in the castle of this place, in order to establish the King's title to the estates of Connaught, which being negatived by the jury empannelled for that purpose, the earl placed both the jury and the sheriff under arrest, and sent them prisoners to Dublin. The Earl of Clanricarde died in 1636, and was succeeded by Ulic, the fifth earl of that family, who, on the breaking out of the war in 1641, fortified his castle, and took every precaution to secure the peace of the county. When appointed lord deputy of Ireland, after the departure of the Marquess of Ormonde in 1650, he made this castle his principal residence, which, in 16.59, was besieged by General Ludlow. In the war of the Revolution, the castle was garrisoned by the adherents of James II., but surrendered to Brigadier-General Eppinger, who had been sent by William with a force of 1'200 horse and dragoons to reduce it.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 231

35. Siege of Tullow castle in 1650

    Tullow · town · Carlow · 1650

    The castle at Tullow was defended by Colonel Butler in 1650 against the parliamentarian army but after a stubborn resistance was taken by Colonels Hewson and Reynolds. There are no vestiges of the castle now in existence.

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    TULLOW, or TuLLOWPHELiM, a market and post town, and a parish, in the barony of Rathvilly, union and county of Carlow, and province of Leinster, 7i miles (E. S. E.) from Carlow, and 46^ (S. S. W.) from Dublin, on the road from Carlow to Newtownbarry ; containing 4478 inhabitants, of whom 2019 are in the town, which extends into the parish of Fennagh, and contains altogether 3097 inhabitants. This place, which is situated on the river Slaney, over which is a bridge of five arches, built, according to an inscription on it, in the year I767, is supposed to have been originally an appendage to a castle erected here by some of the first English settlers under the directions of Hugh de Lacy, and to a monastery founded in 1315 for Augustinian friars by Simon Lumbard and Hugh Tallon, whose grant was confirmed, in 1331, by Edward III. At the Dissolution, the temporalities of the monastery were granted to the Earl of Ormonde. The castle was defended by Colonel Butler in 1650 against the parliamentarian army, but after a stubborn resistance was taken by Colonels Hewson and Reynolds. There are no vestiges of it now in existence, and the only relic of the abbey is a mutilated stone cross in a burial-ground on the south side of the river; it is said that the building was taken down in the reign of Queen Anne, to supply materials for the erection of a barrack on a site nowoccupied by the court-house. The town comprises two main streets and a few lanes, in which are 565 houses, mostly of inferior description : its outlets extend into the two adjoining parishes of Ardristan and Killerig. It obtained a patent for holding a market on Saturday, and again for another on Tuesday ; the market is now held on Saturday, and is the best corn-market in the county. Fairs are held on April 21st, July 10th, Oct. 29th, and Nov. 21st. The extensive flour-mill of Messrs. Doyle and Pim grinds about 10,000 barrels of wheat annually : there are also two breweries. Generalsessions of the peace are held in January, April, June, and October ; petty-sessions are also held : the business of both is transacted in a small court-house. The town is a chief constabulary police station.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 358

36. Siege of Wicklow castle by Luke O'Toole, 1641

    Wicklow · town · Wicklow · 1641

    In 1641 Luke O'Toole invested Wicklow castle but was forced to raise the siege when Sir Charles Coote approached. Coote sullied his victory by carrying out an unauthorised and indiscriminate slaughter of the town's inhabitants.

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    WICKLOW, a sea-port, assize, market, and post town, partly in the parish of Rathnew, barony of Newcastle, partly in the parish 4^ of Drumkey, but chiefly in s4^^^ that of KiLPOOLE, barony of Arklow, union of Rathdrum, county of Wicklow, and province of Leinster, 24 miles (S. S. E.) from Dublin, on the coast-road to Arklow; containing 2794 inhabitants. Its ancient name Wykinglo, or Wykinglogh, is derived from its situation at the southern extremity of a creek shut out from the sea by a long narrow peninsula called the Murragh. It is supposed to have been one of the maritime stations occupied by the Danes previously to the landing of the English in 1169, and to have been called by them Hlgginge Lough, " the Lake of Ships." Afterwards it formed part of the extensive possessions granted by Strongbow to Maurice Fitzgerald, who commenced the building of a castle here for the protection of his property, the execution of which was discontinued in consequence of his death in 1176. His sons were subsequently dispossessed of their inheritance by William Fitz-Aldelm, and compelled to accept in exchange for it the decayed and defenceless city of Ferns. In 1301 the town was burned by the Irish; but the castle was put into a state of defence, in 1375, by William Fitzwilliam, a descendant of one of the early English settlers, in whose family the constableship continued for several generations. From its vicinity to the Irish mountain septs it was a frequent subject of contention. In the early part of the 1 6th century it fell into the hands of the Byrnes, the chieftains of the northern part of the county, by whom the castle and town were surrendered to Henry VIII. in 1.t43. In 1641, Luke O'Toole invested the castle, but was forced to raise the siege on the approach of Sir Charles Coote, who sullied his victory by an unauthorised and indiscriminate slaughter of the inhabitants of the town.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 406

37. Signal station on cliff at Stradbally

    Stradbally · town · Waterford

    South-west of Stradbally village in Waterford, a signal station-house was erected by the government during the late war on a very steep cliff measuring 370 feet. It is now a private residence with a sea view of almost boundless extent.

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    STRADBALLY, a maritime parish, in the union of DuNGARVAN, barony of DECiES-without-DRUM, county of Waterkord, and province of Munster, 7 miles (a. by W.) from Kilmacthoinas ; on the coach-road from Waterford to Cork, and on the river Tay; containing 4419 inhabitants, of whom 814 are in the village. The parish comprises 10,917 statute acres, of which 150 are waste land. The village consists of one long street, with smaller ones diverging from it ; the houses are well built, and command fine marine views : it is a place of some resort during the bathing-season, but the accommodations are inconsiderable. Petty sessions are held once a fortnight ; and it is a constabulary police station. Here was formerly a productive salmon-fishery, which has totally declined. A new road from Stradbally to Kilmacthomas, shortening the distance one mile, has been lately made. South-west of the village, on a very steep cliff, a signal station-house was erected by the government during the late war ; it is now a private residence : the sea view is of almost boundless extent, and the cliff on which the house stands is nearly perpendicular, measuring 370 feet from the summit. Near the shore is Woodhouse, a large and well built mansion, situated in a beautiful valley through which the river Tay winds its course ; the proprietor's ancestor, in 1742, obtained a premium for having planted here no fewer than 152,640 trees, which form a noble wood, having flourished remarkably, though so near the sea. Woodhouse was anciently called Torc-Raith, or Tar-Cora, and was the residence of a branch of the Geraldines. The other seats are Fahagh, Glenview, and Carrickbarron.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 301

38. Signal tower at Bray Head, Valencia Island

    near Bray Head · promontory · Kerry

    A signal tower was built at Bray Head, the western extremity of Valencia Island, during the late French war. It was chosen as a place eminently suited for observations to the westward.

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    western coast of Ireland against the privateers of Spain. In 1710, the Irish house of commons voted a grant for the construction of a fort on the island, also to guard it against pirates ; and in the course of the late French war, a signal tower was built at Bry Head, the western extremity, as a place eminently suited for observations to the westward. Two ferries connect the island with the main land : the principal one is half a mile in length and on the eastern side, where the mail-road terminates at Reenard Point, on the main land ; the other, still shorter, is at the western entrance, near Portmagee.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 370

39. Signal tower on the Seven Heads cliffs

    near Seven Heads · promontory · Cork

    An old signal tower stands on the cliffs called the Seven Heads in the parish of Lislee. Nearby, a spring of very pure water is dedicated to St. Anne.

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    The living is a vicarage, in the diocese of Ross, episcopally united in 1*05 to the rectory of Kilsillagh, together constituting the union of Lislee, in the patronage of the Bishop : the rectory here is impropriate in the E^arl of Shannon. The tithe rent-charge of the parish is £561. 1"., of which £lr>'Z. 15. are payable to the impropriator, and the remainder to the vicar ; the entire tithe of the incumbent's benefice amounts to £441. 'I. 9- The glebe comprises 4'2 acres, of which 32 were purchased by the late Board of First Fruits ; the glebe-house was built in 1813, by a gift of £100 and a loan of £750 from the same Board. The church is a neat edifice in the early English style, with a square tower, erected in 1.S30 at the expense of the parish, aided by a loan of £900 from the Board. In the Roman Catholic divisions this parish forms part of the district of Abbeymabon ; the chapel, a large plain building, is at Butlerstown. Of seven schools in the parish, the parochial schools at Barreragh are partly supported by the vicar, and, together with a school at Court- IWSherry, built by the vicar and supported by the Ladies Boyle, and a Sunday school, are under his superintendence ; there is a school held in the chapel-yard at Butlerstown, under the patronage of the Roman Catholic clergy : the remainder are private schools. There are several ancient circular mounds, or raths ; that from which the p.irish is said to derive its name. Lis- lee, is a little to the west of the church, but the most extensive is on a hill about half a mile to the south. On a small peninsula in the bay of Dunworley, are the ruins of the castle of that name, having a very narrow entrance similar to that of the strong castle of the O Driscols on Cape Clear ; and on the cliffs called the " Seven Heads" is an old signal tower. Near Dunworley is a spring of very pure water, dedicated to St. Anne ; and in several parts of the parish are springs strongly impregnated with iron. A little south of the Broad Strand are lofty cliffs composed of several distinct strata ; the fourth from the surface is a soft ferruginous yellow rock, in which masses of iron-ore are found, varying in size from 4oz. to nearly 1 cwt.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 85

40. Silver-bearing lead-ore vein at Cruach hill, Reisk

    Reisk · townland · Waterford

    In the parish of Reisk, County Waterford, a small conical hill called Cruach ('the Heap') contains a vein of rich lead-ore with a considerable proportion of silver. The mine was formerly worked to a great extent.

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    REISK, a parish, in the barony of Middlethird, union and county of Waterford, and province of MuNSTER, 5^ miles (S. W.)from W'aterford ; containing 107'2 inhabitants, and comprising 3S27 statute acres. A considerable range of high land extends into this parish from that of Donisle, and, here dividing into two branches, which inclose the low grounds and lake of Ballyscanlan, stretches onward towards Waterford. It is chiefly composed of pudding-stone and clay-slate, with occasional large masses of jasper, and is overspread with masses varying in size from field-stones to stupendous rocks. In an open space amid the hills is a small conical hill called Crucich, or " the Heap," in which is a vein of rich lead-ore containing a considerable proportion of silver : this was formerly w orked to a great extent. In the neighbourhood are large beds of sand, and appearances of limestone. The vicinity of Penibrokestown is marked by a romantic wildness of peculiar character ■ 470

    the hills, which rise precipitously, are covered with bold and rugged rocks, and between these irregular elevations are small patches of the finest land, well watered and sheltered. The parish is in the diocese of Waterford : part of the rectory forms one of the denominations constituting the corps of the deanery, and the remainder one of those constituting the corps of the archdeaconry ; the vicarage is in the patronage of the Bishop. The tithe rent-charge is £169. 13. 4., of which £59. 8.4. are payable to the vicar, and the remainder to the appropriators ; there is a glebe of 12 acres, of which 8 belong to the rectory, and 4 to the vicarage. On the abrupt conical eminence called Sugar- Loaf hill, is a perfect cromlech composed of four oblong masses of rock placed on end, and supporting a table-stone of considerable magnitude, at a height of about 20 feet; underneath, in the centre, is a single stone of inferior height. Close to this cromlech are the ruins of the parish church. In the neighbourhood of Pembrokestown is a smaller cromlech, also an ancient fort or rath.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 256

41. Silver coin hoard found near Griffinstown

    Griffinstown · townland · Westmeath

    Many silver coins of the reigns of Elizabeth, James I, Charles I, and the Protectorate were found in two tin vessels while ploughing near Griffinstown. The coins spanned the late 16th to mid-17th centuries.

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    The LIVING is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of Meath, and in the patronage of the Bishop : the tithe rent-charge is £804. 6. The church, for the erection of which the late Board of First Fruits gave £100 and granted a loau of £1200, in 1816, is a handsome edifice with a well-proportioned spire, and contains the sepulchral vault of the Pakenham family. The glebe-house is a neat residence, and the glebe comprises 41 acres. The Roman Catholic parish is co-extensive with that of the Established Church : there are two chapels, situated respectively at Rathwire aud Rathfarne. Of several public schools, one is supported by the trustees of Erasmus Smith's fund, who allow the master £30 per annum, with a house and garden rent-free ; and two by Lord and Lady Longford : there is a dispensary. In the old parish church were several chapels or chautries, the largest of which was dedicated to St. Mary ; and at Clonfad, on the southern confines of the parish, was a very ancient religious establishment, of which St. Etcheii, who died in 577, was bishop : there are still some remains of the church. Numerous raths exist in the parish ; and on a hill near Lisnabin are the remains of some works called Pakenbam's Fort, commanding an extensive prospect. At Ratteen are the remains of a castle, in which the Lord- Lieutenant, who in 1450 had been made prisoner, was confined for some time. Many silver coins of the reigns of Elizabeth, James L, and Vol. n.— 121

    Charles L, and the protectorate, were found in two tin vessels, in ploughing near Grilfinstown.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 40

42. Silver coins of Edward I found at Youghal, 1830

    Youghal · town · Cork · 1830

    A great quantity of silver coins was found at Youghal in 1830, mostly pence and half groats of Edward I, with some halfpennies of the same reign. More than 400 ounces were sold as old silver in Cork.

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    are of extraordinary thickness : among them is one said to have been that of Coppinger, the mayor who was hanged before his own door ; also one in which Cromwell took up his residence during his stay at Youghal. A great quantity of silver coins was found here in 1830 ; the number could not be ascertained, but more than 400 oz. were sold as old silver in Cork ; they were mostly pence and half groats of Edward I., and also some halfpennies of the same reign. In 1818, several pieces of stamped pewter of the size of halfcrowns and shillings were found near the walls, which had evidently been made and passed as money. Many remains of crosses, croziers, and other ornaments, worn by the monks and friars, were found in 1817, when sinking the foundations for the chapel of ease, on the site of the old South Abbey. On the old Cork road, near Mary Ville, the property of Mr. Taylor, are the remains of an ancient Danish fort, which runs under ground nearly a mile. There are two chalybeate springs, one on the Spa road near the fever hospital, and the other at the quarry near the Waterford road, which are but seldom used. The Earl of Cork and Orrery, among his inferior titles in the peerage of Ireland, enjoys that of Baron Boyle, of Youghal, conferred upon his lordship in September, 1616.

    YOUGHAL-ARRA, a parish, in the union of Ne- XAGH, barony of Owney and Arra, county of Tippe- RARY, and province of Munster, 4^ miles (W.) from Nenagh, and on the river Shannon; containing SS'il inhabitants. This parish is situated at the junction of the counties of Clare and Galway, where the Shannon expands and forms Lough Derg ; it comprises 8356 6S4

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 416

43. Silver lead-ore dug from Kilmurrin strand

    Kilmurrin · townland · Waterford

    On the strand of Kilmurrin, lead-ore containing silver was dug from among the sand, representing an unusual form of mineral extraction along the Waterford coast.

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    burned for manure. Near Annstown, farther westward, occur both conglomerate and basalt ; and a range of traprock of a columnar tendency projects into the sea. In the high laud extending from Dunhill towards Waterford are occasionally found large masses of very beautiful jaspar. Along the coast, the rocks are rich in metallic veins ; and the elevation and abruptness of the cliffs greatly facilitate their discovery. Lead and copper ores have been found at Annstown and Bonmahon, near which the copper-mines at Knockmahon are carried on most scientifically and expensively by the Mining Company of Ireland, which has a lease of the royalties of the district. These mines have the most complete machinery in Ireland, and give employment to 1000 persous ; the annual produce is from 4000 to 5000 tons, valued at £9 per ton. A lead-mine, the ore of which contains a considerable portion of silver, in the parish of Ballylaneen, belongs to the same company ; but has not yet been worked. In the conical hill of Cruach, in the parish of Reisk, a rich vein of lead-ore, containing a large proportion of silver, was formerly worked to a great extent ; and on the strand of Kilmurrin, lead-ore containing silver is dug from among the sand. The south-eastern angle of the county is wholly composed of sandstone and conglomerate, throughout a line of coast three leagues in extent. The sea has in some places laid bare a clear uninterrupted sheet of the rock, exposed in one plane at low water for 300 yards in length and .50 in breadth. The conglomerate of this coast bears all the marks of the detritus of a primary country ; it sometimes forms a thick and apparently unstratified mass, resting on finer stratified sandstone ; and sometimes it is interstratified with the latter, as well as with very fine-grained reddishbrown micaceous sandstone, which is of a very perishable nature.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 375

44. Silvermines: crown mines destroyed in 1641

    Silvermines · town · Tipperary

    Mines at this place were worked under Lord William Russell and Sir Charles Brooke, held from the crown before the 1641 war, when the works were destroyed and the chiefly foreign miners massacred. The lead ore was exceptionally pure and rich in silver. Lord Dunally's seat at Kilboy lies within a mile, and an English company later operated the mines extensively before they fell into disuse.

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    rick to Dublin ; containing 6S'2 inhabitants. This place takes its name from some mines which were worked here under the direction of Lord William Russell and Sir Charles Brooke, who held them from the crown, previously to the parliamentary war in 1641, when the works were destroyed, and the miners, who were chiefly foreigners, were all massacred. The lead- ore extracted from these mines was exceedingly pure, and contained a larger proportion of silver than any of the Irish ores, with the exception only of those of Bangor. The mines are now the property of Lord Dunally, whose seat, Kilboy, is within a mile of the village, and from whom they were till recently held by an English company, by whom they were brought into extensive operation. Machinery of every kind requisite to facilitate the various operations was constructed ; smelting-houses were erected, and several hundred men employed by the company : the mines, however, are not at present worked. The village contains 134 houses, several of which are neatly built. Fairs are held on May 1st, June 8th, Sept. l'2th, and Oct. '25th, chiefly for farming stock. The parish church of Kilmore, a neat edifice with a spire, ornamented with a beautifully painted window representing Faith, Hope, and Charity, and containing a monument to the late Lady Dunally, is situated in the village ; in which are also a plain Roman Catholic chapel, and a dispensary.

    SINGLAND, Limerick. — See Patrick, St.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 280

45. Silvermines village at geological contact of clay-slate and limestone

    Silvermines · town · Tipperary

    The Keeper and Bilboa mountains, terminating a sandstone range, expose a clay-slate nucleus near the village of Silvermines, where clay-slate meets the limestone of the flat district extending nearly to Lough Derg. The surrounding sandstone in parts forms a coarse red conglomerate quarried for mill-stones.

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    The MINERAL PRODUCTIONS are various and important. The plain country forms part of the great limestone field of Ireland. The Roscrea and Devil's-Bit mountains, which are a continuation of the Slieve-Bloom chain, consist of sandstone in mass, whose covering every where assumes the form of conglomerate. The Keeper and Bilboa mountains, in which this range terminates, consist of a nucleus of clay-slate surrounded by sandstone, except on the north, near the village of Silvermines, where the clay-slate comes immediately in contact with the limestone of the flat district, extending nearly to Lough Derg : the surrounding sandstone in some parts forms a red coarse conglomerate similar to that of Lyons and Donabate, near Dublin, and is quarried for mill-stones. The Galtees, with the subordinate ridge of Slieve-na-muck, consist wholly of sandstone, the upper part of which forms strata from one to two feet thick, gradually curving in the form of the summit: the sandstone of Slieve-na-muck is in horizontal strata, which yield excellent flags. The Knockmeledoicn and MonavuUagh mountains, ranging along the southern boundary of the county, are likewise composed of clayslate, with sandstone at the base and horizontal strata of the same formation on their summits. The Siievena-inan group is of analogous structure, consisting of a nucleus of clay-slate surrounded and surmounted by sandstone, which is connected with the sandstone-hills stretching by Nine-mile-house towards Carrickon-Suir and Thomastown. The clay-slate to the east of Slievena-man, extending towards Kilmoganny, yields good slates, particularly in the quarries of Inchinagloch, or the Ormond quarries.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 340

46. Single trench from Cappoquin along mountains into Cork

    Cappoquin · town · Waterford

    A single trench stretches from Cappoquin along the side of the mountains into the county of Cork. This earthwork, together with the double Rian-Bo-Pudihe, represents ancient defensive boundaries in the parish.

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    At Kilbree are some remains of a castle built by King John, situated on an eminence commanding the Blackwater. There are vestiges of a double and single trench in the parish ; the former, called Rian-Bo-Pudndc, extending eastward from Knockmeledown, and twice crossing the river in its line towards Ardmore ; and the latter stretching from Cappoquin, along the side of the mountains, into the county of Cork. Halfway between Lismore and Cappoquin is a weak chalybeate water, and there is another between Lisraore and Knockmeledown ; also a very strong chalybeate spring near Glenmore. Near the church are two small caves, and in the gro\e near the castle is a third ; there is also a cave at Ballymartin, through which flows a rivulet. 248

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 87

47. Singular porphyritic rock at Glenflesk, unique in south of Ireland

    near Glenflesk · population centre · Kerry

    A close-grained compact sandstone containing prismatic crystals of flesh-coloured felspar and geodes with sparry iron ore occurs at the head of the glen of Glenflesk, on the road from Killarney to Ballyvourney. It is the only porphyritic rock known in the south of Ireland.

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    The component rock of the mountains which form nearly the whole of the southern part of the county, is of the transition class, being a clay-slate or ardcsia, which dips to the S. or>° E. at an angle of 68° from the horizontal ; so that, though nearly on edge, it presents its cliffs and sections to the north-west. This positioQ is favourable to its decomposition. From the facility with which the water penetrates, the strata split and crumble down the mountain side, leaving a considerable detritus at the foot of all the cliffs, finally decomposing into an adhesive loam well suited to the production of grain crops, and forming a principal component of many fertile soils in the south of Ireland. The range of mountains which separates the bay or river of Kenmare from Bantry bay is composed of beds of schist and sandstone of various colours, but similar in their composition to the greywacke formations of other parts of the county. The clay-slate is quarried for roofing in some places ; but as the works have seldom proceeded far below the surface, that raised is generally shivery and small, though much of it is equal in quality to the Easdale and Ballahulish in the west of Scotland. It is blue, purple, and green, according to the intermixture of iron or chlorite ; splits readily, and bears piercing j is slightly foliated or wavy, harder and more silicious thau Bangor slate, and very durable. The convenience of export has hitherto only admitted of quarries being opened at Cahir, Begnish, anil Valencia ; at the last place flags of large dimensions are quarried, which find a ready market in London. The general slate rock, especially towards the south and centre, is in many places penetrated with veins of quartz ; it is highly indurated, and in some places the traces of stratification are entirely obliterated in the smaller specimen, though always recognisable in the great, where the rock is found itt situ. From the colour communicated by the chlorite, the rock is provincially called greenstone, being similar in aspect, though of different composition, to that so called by mineralogists. AVhen the red oxyde is more abundant, it is called brownstone. Where the induration is not so great as to destroy the schistose as well as the lamellar structure, the rock is used as flag or rubble stone. Flags of this sort are common on the surface. But the most common land stones here are the blocks of more highly indurated rocks, which, parting from the mass by cracks and fissures, have had their angles decomposed and worn off, and are to be met with in the form of round boulders at great distances from their original seat in the mountain. One of the most singular rocks occurs close to the road from Killarney to Ballyvourney, at the head of the glen of Glenflesk : it rests on the transition slate of the county, and is a close-grained compact sandstone, imbedded in which are minute prismatic crystals of fleshcoloured felspar, and here and there gcodes, six or eight inches in diameter, containing sparry iron ore and white quartz. It thus comes under the description of porphyritic rocks, and is the only one at present kuowu in the south of Ireland. It may also be mentioned that, in all the mountains, the common grit-stone contains large quantities of spar or crystal, or both ; also sparry iron-ore, and iron pyrites in crystals. The Roughty stream separates beds of limestone from others of clayslate ; and near the head of the Kenmare river are several islands abounding with limestone and beauti-

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 10

48. Sir Andrew Steuart erects a bawn and founds Stewartstown

    Stewartstown · village · Tyrone · 1608

    Sir Andrew Steuart, granted the surrounding district by James I, erected a strong limestone bawn in 1608 that was later converted into a castle, and laid out a village according to the conditions of his grant. The town was named after its founder and grew into a prosperous market town.

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    STEWARTSTOWN, a market and post town, in the parish of Donaghenry, union of Cookstown, barony of Di'NCANNON, county of Tyrone, and province of Ulster, 16 miles (N. \V.) from Armagh, and S'2 (X. by W.) from Dublin, on the coach-road to Coleraine ; containing 108'2 inhabitants. This place, also called Steuartstown, derives its name from its founder, Sir Andrew Steuart, to whom James I. granted the surrounding district : in 160S he erected a strong bawn of limestone, which afterwards was converted into a castle ; and laid the foundation of a village according to the conditions of the grant. The present town consists mainly of a spacious square and three streets, and contains '234 houses, well built of stone and roofed with slate ; many of the houses are large and handsome, several of modern erection, and the whole place has an appearance of cheerfulness and prosperity. The manufacture of linencloth and a fabric called unions (a mi.\lure of linen and cotton) is carried on to a tolerable extent ; and the town derives a good inland trade for the supply of the neighbourhood, and considerable traffic, from its situation on a great public thoroughfare. The market is on Wednesday ; and fairs for cattle, sheep, and pigs, are held on the first Wednesday in every month (O. S.) : the market-house is a handsome building in the centre of the town. A constabulary police force is stationed here : a court is held monthly for the manor of Castle- 531

    STI L

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 298

49. Sir Cahir O'Dogherty's 1608 rebellion and Chichester grant

    near Inishowen · townland · Donegal · 1599–1608

    Sir John O'Dogherty forfeited property in 1599 by rebellion but it was regranted to his family except townlands reserved for Culmore fort. His son Sir Cahir rebelled in 1608, after which all estates were granted to Arthur, Lord Chichester, of Belfast, who leased them to various settlers.

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    From inquisitions taken in the reign of James I. it appears that about half the parish was then considered to belong to Inishowen, or O'Dogherty's country ; and that Sir John O'Dogherty possessed several townlands now in Templemore, which had been included in a regrant of Inishowen made to him on a surrender in the 30th of Elizabeth : he had forfeited this property in 1599 by rebellion, but it had been regranted to his family, with the exception of some townlands reserved for the fort of Culmore. In 1608 his son Sir Cahir also rebelled, in consequence of which all his estates were granted to Arthur, Lord Chichester, of Belfast, who leased them to Sir Faithful Fortescue, Arthur Ussher, Tristram Beresford, and Charles Pointz. Of the 24 townlands into which the parish is now divided, one, on which is the fort of Culmore, belongs to the king ; one to Captain Hart ; one and a part to the Bishop of Derry in right of his see ; two to Lord Templemore, a branch of the Chichester family ; three to the Marquess of Donegal, the head of the same family : 56'2

    and fifteen and a part to the Irish Society. Until the year 1809 the parish extended into the county of Donegal, and included the three parishes of Burt, Inch, and Muff, which were then severed from it and erected into perpetual curacies.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 323

50. Sir Charles Coote founds Mountrath in early 1600s

    Mountrath · town · Laois · 1600–1625

    Mountrath, meaning 'the Fort in the bog,' became the property of Sir Charles Coote at the beginning of the 17th century. Despite the wild, wooded surrounding country, he laid the foundation of the present town.

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    MOUNTRATH, a market and post town, in the union of Mount-Mellick, parish of Clonenagh, barony of Maryborough West, Queen's county, and province of Leinster, 6i miles (W. S. W.) from Maryborough, on the road to Roscrea, and 47? (S. W.) from Dublin ; containing 3000 inhabitants. This place, called also Moynrath, or the " Fort in the bog," became, in the beginning of the 17th century, the property of Sir Charles Coote, who, although the surrounding country was then in a wild state and overspread with woods, laid the foundation of the present town. In 1628, he obtained for the inhabitants a grant of two weekly markets and two fairs, and established a very extensive linen and fustian manufactory, which in the war of 1641, together with much of his other property here, was destroyed. His son Charles regciined the castle and estate of Mountrath, with other large possessions ; and at the Restoration was created Earl of Mountrath, which title, on the decease of Charles Henry, the seventh earl, in 1802, became extinct. The present possessor is Sir Charles Henry Coote, premier baronet of Ireland.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 173

51. Sir Charles Coote killed at Trim, 1642

    Trim · town · Meath · 1642

    In 1642 Trim was in the hands of the confederate Roman Catholic forces, who were expelled. In a subsequent skirmish to retain the place, Sir Charles Coote, commander of the parliamentarian garrison, was killed by a ball supposed to have been from the musket of one of his own troopers.

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    In the reign of Edward II., during Piers Gaveston 8 vice-regency, Richard, Earl of Ulster, held his court here with a degree of ostentatious parade highly alarming to the chief governor, to whom his collected followers appeared as a well-appointed and formidable retinue. Edward Bruce, in his retreat from Munster to the north of Ireland, halted for some days at Trim ; and in 1393, Roger de Mortimer, Earl of March and Ulster, received a grant of tolls for the purpose of improving and fortifying the town, as the capital of all Meath. Richard II., when last in Ireland, on receiving intelligence of the Earl of Hereford's landing in England, committed the young lords Gloucester and Henry of Lancaster, the latter afterwards Henry V., prisoners to the castles of this place. In 1407 a parliament convoked at Dublin was adjourned hither, to deliberate on the best means of repressing the aggressions of Art Mac Murrough. On the accession of Henry VI. a parliament was held here; and in the year 1425 the Earl of March and Ulster, then lord-lieutenant, died suddenly at this place while preparing to repel the incursions of the native septs into his territories. In 1447, a parliament was held in which various reformatory and sumptuary laws were enacted ; and in 1459 a mint was established in the town. Richard, Duke of York, father of Edward IV., while lord-lieutenant of Ireland, resided for some time at Trim, the palatine liberty of which was vested in him ; and in the reign of Henry VII. the townsmen favoured the imposition of Lambert Simnel, but were afterwards received into the king's favour. Parliaments were also held here in 14S4, 1487, and 1491. During the parliamentary war the town again became a place of military importance. In 1642 it was in the hands of the confederate Roman Catholic forces, who were expelled ; and in a subsequent skirmish to retain the place. Sir Chas. Coote, commander of the parliamentarian garrison, was killed by a ball supposed to have been from the musket of one of his own troopers. Soon after this, four royal commissioners sat in the town to meet the agents of the confederate Catholics, and receive their remonstrance and petition for the redress of grievances. After the massacre at Drogheda by Cromwell, in 1649, the town surrendered to that general, the garrison disregarding the instructions given by the Marquess of Ormonde to destroy the place rather than suffer it to fall into his hands.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 352

52. Sir Charles Coote seizes Sligo, 1641

    Sligo · town · Sligo · 1641

    During the war of 1641 Sligo was taken without opposition by Sir Charles Coote at the head of 4000 infantry and 500 horse. The Roman Catholic archbishop of Tuam collected forces to recover the town, joined by Sir James Dillon with 500 men; the archbishop was killed in the ensuing rout and papers exposing the king's connexion with the Catholic party were found among his effects.

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    At the commencement of the reign of James I., a grant of a market and two annual fairs to be held here was made to Sir James FuUerton ; and in 1613 the town was made a parliamentary borough by charter of incorporation. In 1621, it received a charter of the staple, incorporating a mayor, two constables, and merchants, with the same powers as those of Youghal. In 1627 Sir James Craig had a fresh grant of a market and two fairs, which in 1674 were transferred to William, Earl of Stafford, and Thomas Radcliffe, Esq. During the war of 1641 the town was taken'.without opposition by Sir Charles Coote, at the head of an array of 4000 infantry and 500 horse. By his occupation of this post. Sir Charles had the means of keeping a check upon the royalists of the neighbouring counties ; but the Roman Catholic archbishop of Tuam with great zeal collected forces for the recovery of the place, in which attempt he ■was joined by Sir James Dillon, who was sent by the confederates of Kilkenny with SOO men to his assistance, and who, having forced his way into the town, was on the point of expelling the parliamentarians, when he was suddenly alarmed by the intelligence of an army being on its approach to their relief. Upon this, the confederated forces retired, and in their retreat were attacked and routed by Sir Charles Coote ; the archbishop was killed in the action, and among his papers were found the important documents that exposed the connexion of the king with the Roman Catholic party. The parliamentarians afterwards abandoned the town.

    which, though threatened again by Coote on his advance against Limerick, in 1651, was retained by the Roman Catholics till the termination of the war. In the war of the Revolution it was taken by the brave Enniskilleners, who also defeated a large body of James's forces that were advancing against it, and took from them a considerable booty ; hut the garrison was shortly after driven out by General Sarsfield, and the place was finally reduced by the Earl of Granard.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 292

53. Sir Charles Wilmot routs Irish forces at Tralee, 1600

    Tralee · town · Kerry · 1600

    In 1600, Sir Charles Wilmot routed a party of the Irish at Tralee with considerable slaughter.

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    TRALEE, a borough, assize, sea-port, market, and post town, a parish, and the head of a union, in the barony of Trughenackmy, county of Kerry, and province of MuNSTER, 584: miles (W. N. W.) from Cork, and 151 (S. W. by W.) from Dublin ; containing 1'2,534 inhabitants, of whom 10,590 are in the town, which extends into the parish of Ratass and contains altogether 11,363 inhabitants. Its ancient name, Traleigh, "the Strand of the Leigh," is derived from its situation near the point at which the river Leigh or Lee discharges itself into the broad sandy bay of Tralee ; this river, though apparently so insignificant as to be covered over during its course through the town, is occasionally so much swelled by the winter torrents from the mountains as to cause much inconvenience, and at times damage, to the inhabitants. The first historical notice of the place is the record of the foundation of a Dominican monastery, in \'2\3, by John Fitz-Thomas of the Geraldine family, who, having been slain with his son Maurice and many of his followers in the battle waged at Callan against M'^Carthy More, was interred in it. In 13'25, Maurice Fitz-Maurice, fourth lord of Kerry, slew Dermot M<^Carthy here in the presence of the judge of assize, for which act he was severely punished. In 15/6, the great Earl of Desmond, who claimed that his palatinate should not be amenable to the jurisdiction of the king's judges, having in vain endeavoured to prevent Sir William Drury, then lord-justice, from holding the assizes at Tralee, invited him to his castle, where he met him peaceably attended by a large body of his followers. The lord-justice seeing them advancing towards him in military order, unjustly suspected treachery and ordered his attendants to charge, upon which Desmond and his men fled with the greatest precipitation, leaving the countess to explain the cause of the alarm. In 1579, Sir Henry Davels, who had been sent out by the lord-deputy to summon the Earl of Desmond to join him with his forces against the Spaniards, who had lauded at Smerwick, on his return from this mission was assassinated at Tralee by Sir John Desmond, a relation of the carl. In 1600, Sir Charles Wilmot here routed a party of the Irish with considerable slaughter. At the breaking out of the war of 1641, all the English families in and about Tralee took shelter in the castle belonging to Sir Henry Denny, to whom it had been granted after the death of the Earl of Desmond and the forfeiture of his property. Sir Edward assembled all his tenants for its defence ; but being ordered away on another duty he left the new-comers to their own resources, which they exerted so effectually that they kept the besiegers at bay for six months, until, being worn out with fatigue and hunger, and discouraged by the 594

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 348

54. Sir Christopher Barnewall monument in Lusk church

    Lusk · town · Dublin · 1580–1600

    A marble monument in front of the altar in the south aisle of Lusk church was erected about the close of the 16th century to Sir Christopher Barnewall and his lady, with recumbent effigies well sculptured and elaborately ornamented.

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    The LIVING is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of Dublin. The rectory is divided into two portions ; one united to the rectories of Ardrie, St. Andrew, and Burgage, together constituting the corps of the precentorship ; the other till lately forming part of the union of Ballymore and corps of the treasurership ; in the cathedral church of St. Patrick, Dublin. The vicarage is in the alternate patronage of the Precentor and the Archbishop, the latter of whom was patron of the now suppressed treasurership. The tithe rent-charge is £739. 1. 6., of which £30 are payable to the vicar, and the remainder to the lessee of the precentor, and the Ecclesiastical Commissioners. The lands belonging to the precentorship comprise 9'S65 statute acres, of which 71 are in Lusk, 154 in Ardee, and 67 0| in Burgage, exclusively of the chanter's orchard and garden in the precincts of the cathedral church, three tenements in St. Patrick's close, and two houses in Bride-street, and four in Dame-street, Dublin ; the whole let at an annual rent of £238. 11. 65. and an annual renewal fine of £83. 1. 6^. The gross value of the precentorship, before the passing of the Rent-charge act, was £346. 6., and of the vicarage, £120, per annum. The glebe-house was built in 1S21 ; the late Board of First Fruits gave £400, and granted a loan of £400, towards its erection : there are two glebes, comprising together 22 acres. The CHURCH, built on the site and partly with the materials of the ancient abbey, is in the later English style of architecture, with a massive square embattled tower having at three of the angles a slender circular tower, and at the fourth a similar tower of larger dimensions, which is roofless and without battlements. The interior consists of two long aisUs, separated by a series of seven pointed arches, now filled up with masonry : the eastern portion of the south aisle is the only part appropriated to divine service ; the windows of the remaining portions are nearly all closed up, and the whole of the north aisle is almost in total darkness. There are numerous sepulchral monument^:, some of which are very ancient and highly interesting; of these, one of various kinds of marble, in front of the altar in the south aisle, was erected about the close of the l6th century to Sir Christopher Barnewall and his lady, whose eftigies in a recumbent posture are well sculptured and elaborately ornamented. In the north aisle is a monument of black marble to James Bermingham, of Ballogh, Esq., bearing his recumbent tfligy in chain armour ; there is also a tomb curiously sculptured in relief, with an inscription, to Walter Dermot and his lady, which from some obliteration has been by different antiquaries ascribed to the 6th and to the l6th centuries. Near the altar is a piscina, and there are two very ancient fouU ; close to the church is the well of St. Mac-

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 119

55. Sir Con Magennis takes Newry in 1641

    near Newry · town · Down · 1641–1642

    At the outbreak of the civil war in 1641, Sir Con Magennis took the town and castle of Newry, destroyed the church, and slew many inhabitants. It was shortly after recovered by Lord Conway but surprised again by O'Nial.

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    Lignn ; it was also named Na-Yiir, and at a still later period. The Newry s. The charter of Mac Loughlin was renewed and enlarged by Hugh de Lacy, Earl of Ulster, in 1237, and the head of the house was made a mitred abbot, with episcopal jurisdiction within the precincts of the lordship. When Sir John de Courcy took possessicra of this district, he secured the pass (justly considered as very important, being the only road through the mountains between Ulster and Leinster,) by a castle, which was destroyed by Bruce, on the retreat of the Scotch after their defeat at Dundalk in 1318. After several changes of masters, during which the place was frequently in the possession of the O'Nials, chieftains of Ulster, a second castle was built in 1480, which was demolished by Shane O'Nial, who then held a strong castle at Feedom, now Fathom. Marshal Bagnal restored the castle, rebuilt the town, and peopled it with Protestant settlers; for which James I., in 1613, had granted the entire lordship, together with the manors of Mourne, Greencastle, and Carlingford, in fee to him and his heirs for ever. At the breaking out of the civil war in 1641, Sir Con Magennis took the town and castle, destroyed the church, and slew many of the inhabitants. It was shortly after recovered by Lord Conway, who however did not hold it long, as O'Nial surprised it by night, and regained possession. In 1 64'2, Munroe invested the town, and took it by storm. After the Restoration, Newry recovered from the sufferings inflicted on it, and continued to flourish till 1689, when it was burned by the Duke of Berwick in his retreat from Duke Schomberg : the castle and six houses only remained.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 207

56. Sir Edward Blayney ennobled Baron Monaghan 1621

    Monaghan · town · Monaghan · 1621

    Sir Edward Blayney was ennobled as Baron by James I in 1621 for his services against the Irish. The county of Monaghan gave him this title.

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    is occasionally enjoyed. Irish and English are indiscriminately spoken in the intercourse of the peasantry with one another. An unusual custom of annually electing a mayor, with power to decide all disputes, long prevailed in the village of Blackstaff, near Carrickmacross, which was composed of about '200 wretched hovels in the centre of 500 acres of bog, heath, and rock, so barren as never to have been thoroughly cultivated, and on which the inhabitants supported themselves by holding each a very small portion of good land at a considerable distance from the village. The inconvenient distance of their habitations from their farms, and the dangers apprehended from this irregular union of a number of families during the disturbed period of 1*98, caused the community to be broken up, and its members to be established on their separate plots of land ; yet for years after, they met annually at Blackstaff to commemorate the by-gone pleasures of their former state of social intercourse. A chalybeate spring rises at a place called Drumlubberbuy, or " the ridge with the yellow spring," from which flows a stream of pellucid water covered with a strong scum of ochre ; it is not noted for any medicinal qualities. At TuUaghan is a spring, the water of which, though tasteless and perfectly pellucid, forms an incrustation on all the substances it passes over near its source. This county gave the title of Baron to Sir Edward Blayney, who was ennobled by James I., in 16'21, for his services against the Irish.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 162

57. Sir Edward Blayney erected fort at Monaghan c.1600

    Monaghan · town · Monaghan · 1600–1610

    About the commencement of the 17th century, Sir Edward Blayney, who had been appointed seneschal of the county, erected a small fort at Monaghan which he garrisoned with one company of foot.

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    About the commencement of the I'th century. Sir Edward Blayney, who had been appointed seneschal of the county, erected a small fort here, which he garrisoned with one company of foot ; but on the approach-

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 162

58. Sir Edward Villers tomb in St. Mary's, Youghal

    Youghal · town · Cork · 1626

    Near the Earl of Cork's monument in St. Mary's church is the tomb of Sir Edward Villers, Lord President of Munster, who died on 7th September 1626. A monument of white marble to the memory of Lord Broghill is also nearby.

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    richly embellished with flowing tracery : on the north side of the altar is a canopied niche with crocketed finials of elegant design, in which was a tomb, now removed, but there is still remaining the inscription, " Hie jacet Thomas Fleming ;" on the south side of the altar is another ancient tomb. On the south side of the church is a chapel, formerly called the chantry of Our Blessed Saviour, which was purchased from the corporation by the first earl of Cork and contains the remains of that nobleman and several of his family, to whose memory is a handsome altar- tomb, bearing his efiigy recumbent under a splendid arch, with those of his two wives kneeling ; on either side, and around, are the efiigies of his children : over the monument is a large mural tablet of black marble, with the genealogy of the family. There are also the monument of the founder of the chapel, which having been defaced in the Desmond rebellion was restored by the earl ; and a splendid monument of white marble to the memory of Lord Broghill. Near it is the tomb of Sir Edward Villers, lord president of Munster, who died 7th Sept. 16'26. The north transept or chapel, now used as a vestry, contains some ancient monuments, among which is one of the Uniacke family, with a cross* fleury and inscription both in relief, but much injured by exposure to the damp; it bears the date 1557- At the west entrance into the church are two monuments found, a few years since, in digging the foundations of the newbuildings on the site of the ancient Franciscan monastery at the south end of the town, one bearing a male and the other a female effigy, supposed to be husband and wife, with an inscription in Norman French nearly obliterated. On the north side of the altar is a very chaste and beautiful monument of white marble, to the family of Smyth, of Ballinatra. In the nave, now used for divine service, are several fine mural tablets to members of the Hayman family, who came to Ireland from Somersetshire in the reign of Charles II. In the churchyard, which is one of the most spacious in the kingdom, are also many curious monuments deserving of notice.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 415

59. Sir George Shaen's iron-works near the Mullet

    near Mullet Peninsula · locality · Mayo

    Iron-works were erected by Sir George Shaen near the Mullet peninsula but were discontinued for want of fuel. Iron-ore is found in abundance on the lands of Cross in Erris and at Tallagha in the same barony.

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    been discovered, there i.s rea-son to think that tho»c series belong to that formation. The existence of this mineral is also shown by a variety of indications, in the mountains of Derinkce, near Westport. The ironore, the sandstone, the ochre (which is found in abundance and of good quality), and the ferruginous scum on the lakes and rivers, all seem to point out the existence of coal : in Slicve Carne, in Clanmorris barony, are also many indications of it. The character of the Limestone which alternates with the clay-slate, along the northeastern coast, from Balderric to Ballyshannon, is very peculiar : the beds rarely exceed two feet in thickness ; some are of a dull-black colour, and contain no marine remains ; others are almost wholly composed of muscle shells. Iron-ore is found in abundance on the lands of Cross in Erris, and at Tallagha in the same barony ; it is also met with in abundance in the bed of Clonoure river, and in the Deel river, where it is found in small lumps of a beautiful red colour. Iron-works erected by Sir George Shaen near the Mullet, and more lately on the Deel by Mr. Rutledge, were discontinued from the want of fuel. Manganese is abundant in several parts, but the richest deposits are in the neighbourhood of Westport, and in the vale of the Owenmore ; Clay fit for porcelain and every other description of earthenware is found in inexhaustible beds, and cargoes of the finer sorts are shipped for England. Fullers-earth and pipe-clay are also abundant, and very good ; clay for bricks abounds in every barony. Slate-quarries on an extensive scale have been worked near Westport : freestone of a good colour, very compact and easily wrought, is abundant in several places ; and grey marble, beautifully marked, and susceptible of a fine polish, is plentiful in thobarony of Murrisk. Excellent hones are procured in the WW of Bocca.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 147

60. Sir Hans Sloane born in Killyleagh, 1660

    near Killyleagh · town · Down · 1660

    Sir Hans Sloane, the celebrated physician and naturalist, was born in Killyleagh in 1660. The barony gives the title of Baron to the Blackwood family, Barons of Dufferin and Claneboy.

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    Dufferin, at an expense of more than £5000, exclusively of a loan of £2000 from the Board of First Fruits io 1812. It contains some good monuments, including one to the memory of Captain Blackwood, who fell at Waterloo ; another to Captain Blackwood of the North Downshire militia; and a third to the Rev. James Clewlow : in the churchyard is the sepulchral vault of the Dufferin family, recently erected, in which Admiral Blackwood was interred, and near which is a monument raised by the parishioners to the Rev. Peter Carlton, the late rector. The glebe-house, towards the erection of which, in 1815, the Board of First Fruits contributed £100 and a loan of £1350, is a very handsome residence ; the glebe comprises 14 acres. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish forms part of the district of Kilmore : the chapel, a small neat building, was erected in 1832. There is a place of worship for Presbyterians in connexion with the General Assembly. Of several schools, three were built and are supported by Lord and Lady Dufferin, D. Gordon, Esq., and the Rev. A. R. Hamilton. The remains of the ancient parish church are still visible, in a low marshy meadow to the north-west of the town ; the eastern gable, perforated with two narrow lancet-shaped windows, is yet standing. Sir Hans Sloane, the celebrated physician and naturalist, was born here in I66O. The barony of which this place is the head gives the title of Baron to the family of Blackwood, Barons of Dufferin and Claneboy.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 41