A topographical dictionary of Ireland : comprising the several counties; cities; boroughs; corporate, market and post towns; parishes; and villages, with historical and statistical descriptions embellished with engravings of the arms of the cities, bishopricks, corporate towns, and boroughs ; and of the seals of the several municipal corporations .. (vol. 2)

Each story keeps the passage it was read from. Open one to read it as the scan has it, and, where the companion has written its own telling, that too. The passages are read off photographs of the page by machine, so a word here and there comes out wrong; they are kept as the reading produced them, so you can check any of them against the scan.

1. Slieve Gallion rises to 1730 feet

   near Slieve Gallion · mountain or mountain range · Derry

   Slieve Gallion is one of the principal mountains forming the central portion of County Londonderry, rising to 1730 feet. The mountain chains extend from near the sea-coast to the southern limit.

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   In shape the county approaches to an equilateral triangle : its greatest length is from the point of Magilligan, at the mouth of Lough Foyle, nearly southward, to the vicinity of Coagh, a distance of 32i miles. Although by no means distinguished for picturesque beauty, its surface presents many varieties of form, from the flat alluvial lands along its rivers to the wildest MOUNTAINS. The latter form its central portion, extending in various chains, covered chiefly with heath, from near the sea-coast to the southern hmit. Sauel mountain, in the south, attains an elevation of 2236 feet: Slieve-Gallion rises to the height of 1730 feet; Ciirntdsher, near the source of the Roe, 1521 feet; Donald's Hill, east of the same river, 1315 feet; Benijevoiash, forming the termination of that range towards the sea, 1260 feet ; and Legnraitnoii, between the Roe and the Faughan, 1289 feet. Even in these wild regions there are secluded vales, called by the inhabitants " slacks," in which are often found charming spots of fertile soil and romantic scenery. The principal of these are, Faughanvak, where are some good waterfalls ; Muff-glen, w-hK-h, with the beautiful glen of the Ness, affords mountain passes from the Foyle to the Faughan ; Laughermore, between the Roe and the Faughan, which commands various fine prospects, and has in its vicinity numerous traces of ancient forests ; Lissane, with some deep romantic glens ; Fvcini, between the higher parts of the Roe and the Faughan, into which several other glens open, the most beautiful being Fin-glen ; tbe neighbouring slacks of Mmeijniceny and Carnloghir ; that of Balh/ness, leading into the wild district of Glenullen ; that of Dunmore, between Coleraine and Newtown-Liniavadv ; and that of Druwma-Gullion, to the north. The most extensive and diversified view in this

   Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 92

2. Slievenamon as a navigational landmark

   near Slievenamon · mountain or mountain range · Tipperary

   Slievenaman, a remarkable inland mountain, is used by mariners as a navigational bearing when approaching Waterford harbour from the south or east. The mountain is kept on a bearing of N.E. 1/2 N. until the lighthouse comes into view.

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   The harbour is 4'2 leagues from the Land's End, in Cornwall, to the lighthouse on the peninsula of Hook, which lies N. ^ E. When making for it from the south or east, it is necessary to keep Slievenaman, a remarkable mountain inland, N. E. i N., or the Great Salter Island E. S. E., till the lighthouse is seen on the east side of the harbour : Hook Point must be kept at the distance of a cable's length, to avoid falling into irregular streams of tide that run near it ; the west side of the harbour is deep along shore as far as Credan's Head, and shews a red light at Dunmore pier. Passing the Hook, anchorage may be obtained with a flood tide or leading wind at Passage.

   In 1845. an act was passed for the construction of a railsvay from this city to the city of Limerick : this is a new undertaking, to supply a line for which an act was passed in 18'26, but which was not carried into effect. Part of the present line is to be constructed for the joint use of this and the Great Southern and Western railway. The main line is nearly 7* British miles long, and a branch to the upper part of Waterford one mile ; the capital of the company is fixed at £7')0,000, with a power of raising £250,000 by loan. In 1 845, also, an act was passed for a railway from Waterford to Kilkenny, with a branch to Kells, in the county of Kilkenny : the length of the main line of this undertaking will be 31 miles; the capital is fixed at £'250,000, with power to raise an additional sum of £83,000 by Ician.

   Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 384

3. Slieve Russell, highest land in County Cavan

   Slieve Rushen · mountain or mountain range · Cavan

   Slieve Russell borders Fermanagh and is the highest land in County Cavan, partly within Tomregan parish. It is chiefly waste and barren, with rocky surfaces and swamps.

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   TOMREGAN, a parish, in the union of Lisnaskea, partly in the barony of Knockninny, county of Fer- M.\NAGH, and partly in that of Lower Lolghtee, but chiefly in the barony of Tullaghagh, county of Cavan, and province of Ulster, on the road from Belturbet to Swanlinbar ; containing, with the post-town of Ballyconnell (which is separately described), 4'21'2 inhabitants. This parish, which is situated on the river Woodford, comprises 10,678 statute acres ; saOOj are in the county of Fermanagh, and of the remainder ^'2565 are in Lower Lough tee and 5'2'21 in Tullaghagh, county of Cavan. About '275 are under water. The river has its source in the county of Leitrim, and after reaching Woodford, formerly the residence of the Gore family, and from which it takes its name, passes through two lakes, and, becoming deep and broad, might at a trifling expense be made navigable to Lough Erne, a distance of nearly nine miles. The lauds are in a very iuditfercnt state of cultivation ; and a large portion capable of being rendered profitable is allowed to remain waste : there is abundance of bog, affording a good supply of fuel. The mountainous parts abound with iron-ore and coal, which might be easily raised ; but no regular works have been established, though some of the coal has been sent to Ballyhays, Cavan, and to the great iron-works at Arigna. Slieve Russell, which borders on Fermanagh, and is the highest land in this county, is partly within the parish ; it is chiefly waste and barren, the surface being in some parts very rocky, and in others a mere swamp. Lead and silver ore have been brought down the stream which flows from the mountain of Ortnacullagh, in the vicinity of the parish. There are some quarries of excellent limestone and granite, and marble is also found in some of the townlands ; the materials for Cavan court-house, Cloncorick Castle, and the episcopal palace of Kilmore, were supplied from these quarries. Ballyconnell House, the residence of John Enery, Esq., beautifully situated in a fine demesne on the Woodford 591

   river, is within the parish. There is a small flour mill.

   Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 345

4. Slight remains of ancient church at Knock, Meath

   Knock · townland · Meath

   The parish of Knock in Meath had some very slight remains of an ancient church. Gravelmount was a spacious and handsome house with a tastefully laid out demesne of about 160 acres.

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   the order of St. Augustine ; but there are no vestiges of the establishment, nor have any particulars of its history been recorded. The parish comprises 975f statute acres ; there is a tract of bog, which extends into the adjoining parishes, but it is nearly exhausted. Gravelmount is a spacious and handsome house ; the demesne comprises about 160 statute acres, and the grounds are tastefully laid out. A manufacture of tiles, gardenpots, and all kinds of coarse pottery, is carried on. The living is a rectory, in the diocese of Meath, forming part of the union of Castletown-Kilpatrick ; the tithe rentcharge is £51. 4. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish also forms part of the union or district of Castletown-Kilpatrick. There are some very slight remains of an ancient church.

   KNOCKADERRY, a village, in the parish of Clo- NELTY, union of Rathkeale, barony of GLENauiN, county of Limerick, and province of Munster, 4 miles (N. E.) from Newcastle, on the road to Ballingarry ; containing 73 houses, and 366 inhabitants. Fairs are held on Ascension-day, Sept. 9th, Oct. 29th, and Dec. 1 9th, for cattle, sheep, and pigs. Not far from the village is Knockaderry House, the ancient seat of the D'Arcy family ; it is pleasantly situated beneath the shelter of a hill, and surrounded by thriving plantations. There is a Roman Catholic chapel in the village ; also a national school.

   Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 60

5. Sligo Bay between Aughris Head and Rinoran Point

   near Sligo Bay · bay · Sligo

   Sligo Bay extends about five miles in breadth at the mouth and as far inland, with its upper part dividing into three inlets. The central inlet leads to the town of Sligo, while the others have bars and are nearly dry at low water.

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   Sligo bay is situated between Aughris Head and Rinoran Point, which latter is in the charts improperly named Gessigo. It is about five miles in breadth at the mouth, and extends as much inland ; the upper part divides into three inlets, of which the central one only, leading to the town, is of importance, as each of the others has a bar and is nearly dry at low water. On the north side of the bay is Raughly, a small peninsula of rising ground, connected by a low narrow neck with some sand-hills on the shore ; at the south-west side of the peninsula is the Wheaten rock, extending nearly half a mile N. E. and S. W., and partly dry at spring tides. At the south end of Raughly, about two cables' length off the shore, are the Bird rocks ; half a mile to the eastward a vessel may lie in moderate weather in 2i fathoms, and there is a small pier with 12 feet of water inside the point. At the distance of one mile south from Raughly is the point of the reef called Bungarr, or Black Rock, extending to the north end of Coney Island, and having the western part entirely, and the rest nearly, dry at low water ; a lighthouse has been erected on it, and the channel into Sligo lies close along its north side. Shallows from this point towards Lissadill or Lisadill form the bar of Sligo, on which are only 10 feet at low water. Ships drawing 12 feet of water should take half flood into the harbour, for with westerly winds there is generally a heavy sea between Raughly and the point of Ross. Two lighthouses have been erected on Oyster Island.

   Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 294

6. Sligo borough charter of James I

   Sligo · town · Sligo · 1613–1840

   Sligo was incorporated by charter dated 20 March 1613 (11th of James I) as the 'Provost and Free Burgesses of the Borough of Sligo,' with a provost, 12 free burgesses, and commonalty. This charter remained in force until replaced by the act 3rd and 4th Victoria, cap. 108.

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   By a charter dated the 20th of March, 1 1th of James I., and which was in force till the passing of the act 3rd and 4th Victoria, cap. 108, the town was incorporated under the name of the " Provost and Free Burgesses of the Borough of Sligo ;" the corporate body to consist of a provost, 12 free burgesses, and a commonalty. The charter also constituted the corporation a guild mercatory. The provost, who was elected annually, was judge of the borough court, which was a court of record with civil jurisdiction to the amount of £3. 6. 8. and was heW weekly; he was also clerk- of-the-market. The burgesses were elected for life by the provost and the other burgesses : usage, confirmed by a judgment of the court of king's bench, had given the right of admission to the freedom wholly to the provost and burgesses. The subordinate officers were a town-clerk and recorder, a weighmaster, and two serjeants-at-mace. A charter granted by James II., in the 4th year of his reign, had not been acted upon. By the act of Victoria the borough is divided into three wards, and governed by a mayor, six aldermen, and 18 councillors ; a treasurer, townclerk, and coroner are appointed, and there are several other officers. A local act of the 30th of George II., c. 21, directed that the corporation should be conservators of the port, and should maintain a ballast-office ; and subsequently, by an act of the 40th of George III., c. 49, for the management of the concerns of the town, amended by another of the 43rd of George III., c. 60, commissioners were appointed, consisting of the representatives of the county and borough; the provost and burgesses ; and 24 others, resident in the town or within

   Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 294

7. Sligo Castle erected by Maurice Fitzgerald, 1242

   Sligo · town · Sligo · 1242–1252

   Maurice Fitzgerald, Earl of Kildare and lord justice of Ireland, erected a castle at Sligo as early as 1242, making the town's rise indebted to one of the first English settlers in Ireland. The same earl also founded a Dominican monastery dedicated to the Holy Cross in 1252.

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   miles (S. W.) from Ballyshannon, and 103| (N. W.) from Dublin ; containing 14,318 inhabitants, of whom I'^.'iT'i are in the town. This place, which is the chief town of the county, is indebted for its importance to one of the first English settlers in Ireland. So early as 1242 a castle was erected here by Maurice Fitzgerald, Earl of Kildare, and at that time lord justice of Ireland ; and the same earl, in 1252, founded a monastery dedicated to the Holy Cross, for friars of the order of St. Dominick, the origin of which establishment has by some writers been erroneously ascribed to O Conor Sligo. In 12/0 the town and castle were destroyed by O'Donell ; but the monastery escaped the ravages of that chieftain, and the castle was afterwards rebuilt by Richard, Earl of Ulster, in 1310. In 1360 the town was again destroyed by fire, and in 1394 was plundered and burnt by Mac William Burgh. In 1414 the monastery was w holly consumed by an accidental fire ; and for its restoration. Pope John XXII. granted indulgences to all who should visit it, and contribute towards the expense of rebuilding. In 1416 it was rebuilt by Bryan Mac Dermot Mac Donthaigh, or Mac Donagh ; and in 1454 Bryan Mac Donagh, sole monarch of Toroilill (now the barony of Tiraghrill), was interred within its walls. It continued to flourish till the Dissolution, when it was granted to Sir William Taaffe.

   Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 292

8. Sligo in the Williamite war: stratagem by Lt-Col Gore

   Sligo · town · Sligo · 1688–1690

   In the war of 1688, Sligo was held by the troops of James II but they were compelled to vacate it after the siege of Derry through a stratagem by Lieutenant-Colonel Gore. The town surrendered the following year to Lord Granard.

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   On the breaking out of the war of 1641, the county was overrun by the De Burgos ; and though Sligo was taken from them the year after, by Sir Frederick Hamilton, it fell into their hands again, and remained in their possession until finally subdued by Ireton and Sir Charles Coote. In the war of 1688, Sligo was at first in the possession of the troops of James II., but they were compelled to vacate it after the siege of Dcrry, through a stratagem contrived by Lieutenant- Colonel Gore : the forces of William III. were, however, too much exhausted to follow up their advantage, so that the country fell again into the possession of the Irish, and the town surrendered the following year to Lord Granard. During the French invasion in 1798, General Humbert, after the battle of Castlebar, instead of proceeding towards Dublin, turned northwards through this county in the hope of being able to co-operate with a larger force destined to act upon the north of Ireland. He was stopped at CoUooney by the city of Limerick militia, commanded by Colonel 'Vereker, afterwards Lord Gort, who, though much inferior in numbers, gave him such a check as induced him to turn towards Longford, where he was surrounded by the whole of the army under the Marquess Cornwallis, and forced to surrender at discretion.

   Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 288

9. Sligo port trade expansion, 1800–1830

   Sligo · town · Sligo · 1800–1830

   The port of Sligo saw dramatic growth in maritime trade: from 65 vessels totalling 4,100 tons in 1800 to 540 vessels of 57,015 tons in 1830. Principal exports included corn, butter, and provisions, making Sligo the only port of note between Londonderry and Galway.

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   which is thence navigable for upwards of '200 miles through the heart of the country. The raaritime trade of the PORT is the chief source of the prosperity of the town, and its rapid increase may be ascertained from the fact that, in the year 1800, the number of vessels that entered the port was only 65, of the aggregate burthen of 4100 tons; while in the year 1830, the number of vessels was 540, and their aggregate burthen 57,015 tons. In 1834, 47 vessels in the foreign trade entered inwards and 2 cleared outwards, and 354 in the coasting and cross-channel trade entered inwards and 508 cleared outwards ; there were 25 vessels belonging to the port in 1844. The principal exports are corn, butter, and other provisions ; and the chief imports, iron, timber, coal, slates, herrings, salt, and every article of West India produce, which are distributed over a very large tract of country, this being the only port of note between Londonderry and Galway. In 1835, the gross estimated value of the exports was £369,490, of which £185,414 were for corn, meal, and flour, £181,848 for provisions, and the remainder for linens : the value of the imports was £124,692, of which £13,925 were for iron and other metals, &c., £2580 for coal, £9210 for hides, tallow, &c., £34,434 for tea, coffee, and sugar, £8430 for wines, £16,450 for tobacco, and the remainder for various other articles. The principal exports now average annually, 60,000 pigs, slaughtered, value £200,000 ; 6000 cattle, £60,000 ; 50,000 firkins of butter, £125,000 ; 22,000 tons of oats, £132,000 ; and 12,000 tons of meal, £132,000; total, £649,000 : besides poultry, eggs, and salmon. Among the average annual imports may be enumerated 16,000 barrels of herrings, 10,000 tons of timber and deals, 15,000 tons of coal, 4000 of iron, and 5000 of slates. The amount of duties paid at the custom-house, in 1826, was £33,565 ; in 1830, £36,325 ; and in 1844, £31,532. In the excise arrangements Sligo gives name to, and is the head of, a district which comprises the towns of Enniskillen and Irvinestown, in the county of Fermanagh ; Ballyshannon, Donegal, &c., in the county of Donegal ; Manor-Hamilton, &c., in the county of Leitrim ; and Ballymote and Sligo, in the county of Sligo. The amount of duties collected in the district, for 1843, was £20,304. The custom-house and the king's warehouses, which are the property of the crown, are well adapted to the purposes for which they were built ; and the quays, which are very commodious, and kept in good repair by the commissioners, have a depth of water of 12 feet at spring tides, allowing vessels of 300 tons' burthen to moor close to them. Many emigrant.s from this and the neighbouring counties sail hence for America. The principal markets are on Tuesday and Saturday for provisions and agricultural produce ; they are well attended, and a market for corn and another for butter are open daily in buildings erected for them by Owen Wynne, Esq. Fairs, chiefly for cattle, are held on the 27th of March, the Saturday after the 1st of May (O. S.), 4th of July, 12th of August, and 9th of October. Branches of the Bank of Ireland, the National Bank, and the Provincial Bank, have been established. There is a large salmon-fishery in the river, with which is connected a pond the property of Abraham Martin, Esq., so constructed that the fish can easily enter but cannot quit it. by which means there is a supply of fresh salmon at all times. A chief constabulary 526

   Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 293

10. Sligo taken by Enniskilleners in the Williamite war

    Sligo · town · Sligo · 1689–1691

    In the war of the Revolution, Sligo was taken by the Enniskilleners, who defeated a large body of James's forces advancing against it and took considerable booty. The garrison was shortly after driven out by General Sarsfield, and the place was finally reduced by the Earl of Granard.

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    which, though threatened again by Coote on his advance against Limerick, in 1651, was retained by the Roman Catholics till the termination of the war. In the war of the Revolution it was taken by the brave Enniskilleners, who also defeated a large body of James's forces that were advancing against it, and took from them a considerable booty ; hut the garrison was shortly after driven out by General Sarsfield, and the place was finally reduced by the Earl of Granard.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 292

11. Sligo taken from the De Burgos by Sir Frederick Hamilton

    Sligo · town · Sligo · 1641–1651

    On the outbreak of the war of 1641, the county was overrun by the De Burgos. Sligo was taken from them the following year by Sir Frederick Hamilton, but fell back into their hands and remained in their possession until subdued by Ireton and Sir Charles Coote.

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    On the breaking out of the war of 1641, the county was overrun by the De Burgos ; and though Sligo was taken from them the year after, by Sir Frederick Hamilton, it fell into their hands again, and remained in their possession until finally subdued by Ireton and Sir Charles Coote. In the war of 1688, Sligo was at first in the possession of the troops of James II., but they were compelled to vacate it after the siege of Dcrry, through a stratagem contrived by Lieutenant- Colonel Gore : the forces of William III. were, however, too much exhausted to follow up their advantage, so that the country fell again into the possession of the Irish, and the town surrendered the following year to Lord Granard. During the French invasion in 1798, General Humbert, after the battle of Castlebar, instead of proceeding towards Dublin, turned northwards through this county in the hope of being able to co-operate with a larger force destined to act upon the north of Ireland. He was stopped at CoUooney by the city of Limerick militia, commanded by Colonel 'Vereker, afterwards Lord Gort, who, though much inferior in numbers, gave him such a check as induced him to turn towards Longford, where he was surrounded by the whole of the army under the Marquess Cornwallis, and forced to surrender at discretion.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 288

12. Sligo town and castle destroyed by O'Donell, 1270

    Sligo · town · Sligo · 1270–1310

    In 1270 the town and castle of Sligo were destroyed by O'Donell, though the monastery escaped his ravages. The castle was afterwards rebuilt by Richard, Earl of Ulster, in 1310.

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    miles (S. W.) from Ballyshannon, and 103| (N. W.) from Dublin ; containing 14,318 inhabitants, of whom I'^.'iT'i are in the town. This place, which is the chief town of the county, is indebted for its importance to one of the first English settlers in Ireland. So early as 1242 a castle was erected here by Maurice Fitzgerald, Earl of Kildare, and at that time lord justice of Ireland ; and the same earl, in 1252, founded a monastery dedicated to the Holy Cross, for friars of the order of St. Dominick, the origin of which establishment has by some writers been erroneously ascribed to O Conor Sligo. In 12/0 the town and castle were destroyed by O'Donell ; but the monastery escaped the ravages of that chieftain, and the castle was afterwards rebuilt by Richard, Earl of Ulster, in 1310. In 1360 the town was again destroyed by fire, and in 1394 was plundered and burnt by Mac William Burgh. In 1414 the monastery was w holly consumed by an accidental fire ; and for its restoration. Pope John XXII. granted indulgences to all who should visit it, and contribute towards the expense of rebuilding. In 1416 it was rebuilt by Bryan Mac Dermot Mac Donthaigh, or Mac Donagh ; and in 1454 Bryan Mac Donagh, sole monarch of Toroilill (now the barony of Tiraghrill), was interred within its walls. It continued to flourish till the Dissolution, when it was granted to Sir William Taaffe.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 292

13. Sligo town on the Garvogue between Lough Gill and the sea

    Sligo · town · Sligo

    Sligo is situated on the banks of the river Garvogue, which connects Lough Gill with Sligo Bay opening to the Atlantic. A weir across the river prevents navigation from the town to the sea, to the great injury of the town's commercial interests.

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    The TOWN is now the property chiefly of Lord Palmerston, and the family of Wynne, of Hazelwood. It is advantageously situated on the banks of the river Garvogue, which connects Lough Gill with the bay of Sligo opening to the Atlantic ; the stream is about two miles and a half in length, and the town is situated on the extremity of it nearest the sea, where it is narrowest. This river is navigable from a little above Lough Gill to the town ; but a weir across it prevents the navigation thence to the sea, to the great injury of the commercial interests of the place. The larger portion of the town is on the south side of the river, in the parish of St. John ; and is connected with the smaller portion, in the parish of Calry, on the north side, by two bridges. The streets are irregularly formed, which detracts much from the internal appearance of the place, though the houses are chiefly of respectable character and there are several of a superior order ; as seen, however, in combination with the surrounding scenery, it forms an interesting and pleasing feature in the landscape from many points of view in the vicinity. The total number of houses is 21 S3. The town is lighted and paved under a local act of the 43rd of George 111., the provisions of which are stated in the subsequent account of the corporation ; and the inhabitants are supplied with water from public pumps, kept in repair by the commissioners appointed under the above-named act. A public library and two reading-rooms are supported by subscription ; and a newspaper is published every Saturday. There is a small theatre, which is very irregularly attended ; races are generally held annually in August on the race-course of Bomore, about five miles from the town ; and a regatta is held on Lough Gill, which is numerously attended. The barracks for cavalry are capable of accommodating 7 officers and 96 non-commissioned officers and privates, with stabling for 60 horses ; an excellent hospital for 15 patients is annexed to them.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 292

14. Small harbours at Fethard and Crossfarnogue

    Fethard · town · Wexford

    Two small harbours existed, one at Fethard and the other at Crossfarnogue at the eastern extremity of Ballyteigue bay. Though inadequate, they enabled fishermen to go out during the summer season, but the lack of a good harbour limited participation in the winter cod and herring fishery.

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    Much coarse woollen-cloth was formerly manufactured throughout the county, but almost wholly for domestic use. Cotton-works were erected at St. John's, near Enniscorthy, upwards of thirty years since, but were only carried on for two or three years : at the latter place were also some iron-works. Linens, diapers, checks, and woollens were wrought at Tintern, where the weaving and spinning business was carried on to such an extent that a yarn-market and a general-market house were erected for the accommodation of the buyers and sellers ; but both these buildings have fallen into decay, though there are still many weavers in the neighbourhood. The vicinity of the county to the great Nymph Bank renders its fisheries an important object of consideration. In addition to the supply of deep-sea fish derivable from this source, the inhabitants along the whole coast are mainly employed in fishing : there are also numerous residents at every creek that affords shelter for a few boats, who derive their subsistence from partly their little farms on shore, but mostly from the sea. A valuable fishing-ground lies near the shore, adjacent to the Saltee Islands ; but the want of a harbour adequate to the reception and shelter of a good description of craft, prevents the fishery from being followed, except in open boats. There are two small harbours, one at Fethard, and the other at CrossFarnogue at the eastern extremity of Ballyteigue bay, which, inadequate as they are, enable the fishermen to go out in the summer season ; but the want of a good harbour prevejits them from partaking much in the profits of the cod and herring fishery, which is chiefly carried on in the winter. Shell-fish are caught in great abundance along the shore. The oysters are much esteemed by some for their size and flavour, but they do not maintain that character in the Dublin market : the lobsters are also reckoned to be of a superior kind. Salmon, white-trout, eels, and the pearl-

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 396

15. Smarmore Castle and Danish raths

    Smarmore · townland · Louth

    Smarmore Castle, the chief seat of the parish, stands in a demesne of about 520 statute acres, well planted and tastefully laid out, and is of some antiquity with considerable additions by the present proprietor. Three Danish raths are located within the demesne.

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    SMARMORE, a parish, in the union and barony of Ardee, county of Louth, and province of Leinster, 2i miles (S. S. W.) from Ardee, on the road to Slane; oontaining 439 inhabitants. This parish comprises 1.596 statute acres : the land is of first-rate quality, and about two-thirds are under tillage ; there is no bog. The chief seat, Smarmore Castle, is in a demesne of about 520 statute acres, well planted and tastefully laid out ; it is of some antiquity, but considerable additions have been made to it by the present proprietor : in the demesne are three Danish raths. The parish is in the diocese of Armagh, and is a vicarage, forming part of the ecclesiastical union of Ardee ; the rectory is impropriate in G. Taaffe, Esq. In the Roman Catholic divisions, also, the parish is part of the union of Ardee.

    SMERWICK, county Kerry.— See Dunurlin.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 296

16. Smerwick Harbour's boggy origins

    Smerwick Harbour · harbour · Kerry

    Smerwick Bay lies beyond Dunmore Head. The entire bay was originally a bog that has since been invaded by the sea.

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    calogue, and on its northern side, that of Sncem ; and along the northern shore is a succession of small islands, the principal of which are Rossmorc, Ilansherky, Cappanacoss, and Dunkerron. The next bay is that of Ballinaskellig, near the entrance of which are the Hog Islands ; and towards the west are the Skellig Islands, which, like the other principal islands here noticed, are described under a separate head. Beyond these lies Puffin Island (see Killemlagh), and beyond Puffin is Valencia Island, forming a harbour by the channel that separates it from the main land ; this harbour has an entrance at each end, and is considered one of the safest and most commodious on the western coast. Between Valencia Island and the Blas(|uets is Dingle bay, an extensive opening with steep shores on each side, in which a ship may anchor in any part above a mile from the shore ; it contains the harbours of Ventry, Dingle, and Castlcmaine. Dunmore Head, the most western point of Ireland, forms the northern extremity of Dingle bay ; the natives call it Tig-vourney-Geeranc, or Mary Gerane's house. Otf this headland are the Blasquet or Ferriter's Islands, between the largest of which and the main land is a deep sound with a rapid current. Beyond Dunmore Head is Smerwick bay, the whole of which was originally bog, now invaded by the sea. Pursuing eastward the north coast of the peninsula of Corkaguiuey, between Magharee Head and Brandon Head, lies Brandon bay, on the eastern side of the mountain of that name. The Magharees, or Seven Hog Islands, lie at the extremity of a peninsula which separates Brandon from Tralee bay. Between Fenit Island (behind which is the inlet called Barra harbour) and Kerry Head is Balhjheigne bay, in which there is no shelter ; and from an error in laying down the latitude of Loop Head in the charts, it has often been fatally mistaken for the mouth of the Shannon. The only harbour in Kerry within the Shannon is that of Tarbert : off its mouth is the island of the same name.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 9

17. Somerville mansion and Kentstown church in Meath

    Kentstown · townland · Meath · 1797

    At Kentstown in Meath stands Somerville, the seat of Sir Wm. Meredyth Somerville, a fine mansion in an extensive demesne recently enlarged and improved. The parish church is a neat edifice with a tower, erected about ninety years earlier, with a steeple added by Sir James Somerville in 1797.

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    KENTSTOWN, a parish, in the union of Navan, barony of Lower Duleek, county of Meath, and province of Leinster, 5 miles (S.) from Slane, and on the road from Dublin to Londonderry ; containing 514 inhabitants. It comprises 2521 statute acres; the soil is good, and there is no waste land or bog. SomerviUe, the seat of Sir Wm. Meredyth SomerviUe, Bart., a fine mansion in an extensive demesne, was recently enlarged and improved, and a handsome entrance lodge erected ; the grounds are embellished with an expansion of the Nanny water. At SomerviUe is a constabulary police station. The living is a rectory, in the diocese of Meath, united, by act of council in 1*51, to the rectory and vicarage of Dauistown and the vicarage of Ballymagarvey, forming the union of Kentstown, in the patronage of the Crown and Lord Dunsany. The tithe rentcharge of the parish is £150, and of the whole benefice of the incumbent £24". 10. The church is a neat edifice with a tower, erected about 90 years since, and a steeple was added by Sir James SomerviUe, in 1*97 : the Ecclesiastical Commissioners lately granted £134 for repairs. The glebe-house, which is near the church, was built by aid of a gift of £100 and a loan of £625 from the Board of First Fruits ; the glebes of the

    KERR

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 6

18. Sonna: six-century seat of the Tuite family

    Sonna · electoral division · Westmeath · 1237–1837

    Sonna has been the seat of the Tuite family for upwards of six centuries. The house is a light and elegant building in a well-planted demesne on the bank of a picturesque lake.

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    TEMPLEORAN, or Foran, a parish, in the union of MuLLiNGAR, barouv of MoYGoisH, county of West- MEATH, and province of Leinster, 5 miles (N. W.) from MuUingar, on the road to Ballinacargy, and on Lough Iron, which bounds the parish on the north ; containing 1395 inhabitants. This parish, which is intersected by the Royal Canal, comprises 5189 statute acres of land, principally under grass ; there is a small quantity of bog. Sonna has been for upwards of six centuries the seat of the Tuite family ; the house is a light and elegant building, in a well-planted demesne, situated on the bank of a picturesque lake. The parish is a rectory, in the diocese of Meath, impropriate in the family of Piers, and forms part of the union and perpetual cure of Leney : the tithe rent-charge is £102. 17-, wholly payable to the impropriator. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish is the head of a district, called Sonna, comprising this parish and that of Kilbixy, in each of which is a chapel i that of Tcmpleoran is at Sonna. The ruins of the church are on the lands of Templeoran, and in their vicinity are several raths.

    TEMPLEOUGHTER, a parish, in the union of Larne, barony of LTpper Glenarm, county of Antrim, and province of Ulster, adjoining the post-town of Glenarm, and on the Glenarm water : the population is returned with the parish of Ticmacrevan, by which this parish is entirely inclosed. Nearly two-thirds of it are barren mountain. It is ecclesiastically consolidated with Ticmacrevan, ichich see. A small fragment of the ancient church is still remaining on the lawn in front of the castle of Glenarm, near the principal entrance : the church of the union was built about 65 years since, by act of council, within the hmits of this parish, and in a situation convenient for both parishes.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 325

19. Sounding rock hole near Killough

    Killough · townland · Down

    Not far from St. Scordin's Well at Killough is a hole in the rock. At the ebbing and flowing of the tide, it emits a sound resembling that of a huntsman's horn.

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    The LIVING is an impropriate curacy, in the diocese of Dosvn, and in the patronage of the Incumbent of Rathmullen. The church, which was rebuilt in 1*16, and subsequently fell into a state of dilapidation, was again rebuilt in 160'2, by the munificence of the Rev. J. Hamilton, who had died in 1797 and bequeathed £1'200 for that purpose. It is a neat edifice, on the site of the former, in the early English style, with a tower surmounted by an octangular spire, affording an excellent landmark for mariners entering the port. The glebehouse, towards the erection of which the late Board of First Fruits granted £450 as a gift and £50 as a loan, is a comfortable residence. The stipend of the curate is £100, of which £10 are paid by Lord Bangor, as impropriator of Rathmullen, and £S0 by the trustees of Primate Boulter's Augmentaticm fund. The Roman Catholic parochial chapel is in the town, and there is also a place of worship for Wesleyan Methodists. Near the church is a handsome male and female school built by the late Viscount Bangor, at a cost of between £'200 and £300 ; it was chiefly supported by his lordship during his lifetime, and is now supported by the trustees of the Castleward estates. At St. John's Point are the ruins of a commandery of Knights Hospitallers ; and about a quarter of a mile from the town, on the shore, is a beautiful grotto, in which is a well, seven feet deep, supplied with water oozing through a mass of tufa at the top of the cavern. About half a mile from the town, on the road to Downpatrick, is a copious spring, the water of which is specifically lighter by one-fourth part than spring water in general ; and close to the shore is St. Scordin's Well, issuing from a rocky bank, and discharging at the rate of one hogshead per hour, without any diminution in the driest weather. Not far from this is a hole in the rock, which at the ebbing and flowing of the tide emits a sound resembling that of a huntsman's horn.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 40

20. Source of the river Lagan at Slieve Croob

    near Slieve Croob · mountain or mountain range · Down

    Part of the Slieve Croob mountain lies within the Maghera Hamlet district, where the river Lagan has its source. The Lagan flows past Dromore and Lisburn before discharging into Belfast Lough.

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    MAGHERA-HAMLET, an ecclesiastical district, in the barony of Kinelarty, union of Downpatrick, county of Down, and province of Ulster, 3 miles (S.) from Ballinahinch, and on the road from Dundrum to Dromore. This district, formerly called Templemoile, is situated within a mile of the Ballinahinch baths, and comprises 1S44 statute acres; 753 are mountainous, and of the remainder, which is poor light land, a small portion is rocky pasture : the system of agriculture is improving. There are quarries of stone, which is raised chiefly for building and for the roads. Part of the Slieve-Croob mountain is within the district ; and in it is the source of the river Lagan, which, after flowing by Dromore and Lisburn, discharges itself into Belfast lough. The living is a perpetual curacy, in the diocese of Dromore, and at present in the patronage of the Prebendary of Dromaragh ; but on the removal or death of the prebendary the patronage will be in the bishop : the stipend arises from the tithe of 1200 acres applotted under the act, amounting to £56. 5., and an augmentation of £23. 2. from Primate Boulter's fund. The glebe-house, towards which the late Board of First Fruits gave £450 and granted a loan of £50, was built in 1S30; the glebe comprises 7 acres, bought by the same Board from Colonel Forde for £450, and subject to a rent of £7. 7. The church, which has a small square tower, is situated at the extremity of the district, with a view to accommodate the visiters of Ballinahinch spa ; it was erected at a cost of £500, wholly defrayed by the Board of First Fruits, in 1814, but is too small for the congregation. The Ecclesiastical Commissioners have recommended, on the next avoidance of the prebend of Dromaragh, that the townlands now forming the perpetual curacy be separated from the prebend, and formed into a distinct benefice. In the Roman Catholic divisions this is the head of a union, comprising also the parishes of MaghcradroU and Anahilt, and called sometimes the union of Dunmore ; in which are two chapels, one at Dunmore, in this district, and one at Ballinahinch, in that of Magheradroll. There is a place of worship for Presbyterians. In the townland of Drumkeera is an extensive deer-park, the property of Colonel Forde, encompassed by a wall. At Dunmore is an old burial-ground, with the remains of a religious building.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 129

21. Source of the River Shannon at Cuilcagh mountain

    Kinawley · parish · Cavan

    The River Shannon rises at the base of Cuilcagh mountain in the parish of Kinawley, from a deep circular gulph 20 feet in diameter. Another deep gulph about three-quarters of a mile away has flowing water audible within it. The source is 275 feet above sea level.

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    latter number, 2895 acres are in Upper Lough Erne, and 645^ in small loughs. Agriculture is in a good state ; there is a considerable quantity of bog, and limestone and freestone are abundant. Cuilcagh mountain, which is '2188 feet high, is in the Cavan part of the parish. The river Shannon rises at the base of this mountain, from a deep circular gulpb, '20 feet in diameter ; and there is another deep gulph about threequarters of a mile from this, in which the flowing of water may be heard. The elevation of the source of the Shannon above Lough Allen is 115 feet, and above the sea '275 feet. Petty-sessions are held every fortnight at Derriliu, where, also, fairs are held on May '27th and Oct. 27 th. The principal seats are Mount Prospect, Dresternan, Prospect Hill, and Cloghan. The living is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of Kilmore, and in the patronage of the Bishop ; the tithe rent-charge is £276. 18. 6. The glebe-house was erected in IS'24, by aid of a loan of £1000 from the Board of First Fruits : the glebe comprises 30'2 acres. There is a church at Derrihn, and one at Swalinbar, which latter is in a ruinous state. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish forms two districts ; Kinawley, in which arc chapels at Kinawley and Swalinbar ; and Knockninny, in which are chapels at Knockninny, GlassmuUen, and Drumderrig.

    KINCON, a village, in the parish of Kilfyan, union of Ballin.v, barony of Tyrawley, county of Mayo, and province of Connaught ; containing 23 houses, and 125 inhabitants.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 58

22. South Palmerstown leper hospital and old castle at Irishtown

    Palmerstown · townland · Dublin

    South Palmerstown formerly had a hospital for lepers before the Reformation. On the townland of Irishtown stand the ivy-clad remains of an old castle, near which coins and bullets have been found.

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    most extensive and rich views ; besides which, there are several pleasing villas, including Riversdale, Brook Lawn, Palmerstown, and Bellgrove. The parish is a rectory, in the diocese of Dublin, forming part of the union of Chapelizod : the tithe rent-charge is £127. 10. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish is part of the union of Lucan, Palmerstown, and Clondalkin, and contains a chapel ; the priest is rural dean over his own union and those of Maynooth, Celbridge, and Saggard. On the tovvnland of Irishtown are the remains of an old castle, clothed with ivy, near which coins and bullets have been found ; and at Cruise river, a battle is said to have been fought between the Danes and the Irish. The parish gives the title of Viscount Palmerston to the family of Temple.

    PARIS, LITTLE, an island, in the parish of Trory, union of Enniskillen, barony of Lurg, county of Fermanagh, and province of Ulster ; containing 9 inhabitants. It is situated in Lough Erne.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 228

23. Spanish and papal landing at Smerwick, 1579

    Smerwick · townland · Kerry · 1579

    A party of Spaniards and a few native insurgents landed at Smerwick with Saunders, the Pope's nuncio, marking a major foreign intervention in the Desmond Rebellion. The remote southern situation of Kerry made it a principal medium of foreign correspondence maintained by the insurgents.

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    In 1579, a party of Spaniards and a few native insurgents having landed with Saunders, the Pope's nuncio, at Smerwick, in this county. Sir John of Desmond, the earl's brother, to ingratiate himself with them, procured the murder, at Tralee, of Henry Danvers, an English gentleman, and the two provincial judges sent there to execute justice in the queen's name, together with all their attendants. This transaction completed the determination of the government totally to abohsh all the Earl of Desmond's powers of exclusive jurisdiction, which his subsequent rebellion gave an opportunity to effect. The earl's wavering and indecisive conduct, in which he was encouraged by the Lord of Kerry, brought a protracted war of extermination on the whole province ; and, his defection proving every day more certain, he was at length proclaimed a traitor, and his country entered with fire and sword. The Earl of Ormonde and Sir Warham St. Leger wasted his lands, slew numbers of his* men, burned his towns, and took his castles (putting both Spaniards and natives to the sword) as far, with the aid of the lord-justice, as the mountains of Slievelogher. They then ravaged and destroyed the district of Corkaguiney from Tralee to Dingle, slaying many of the people. While this desultory warfare was proceeding, additional forces, with military stores for the insurgents, landed at Smerwick from Spain ; but these troops, after a long siege, surrendered at discretion, and were barbarously murdered, together with all who had joined them. Captain Zouch was then appointed, with 450 men, to govern the county and pursue the insurgents, which he did with the utmost rigour ; but the English army being soon reduced to an insignificant force, the war again revived with all its horrors ; and it was terminated only by the death of the earl, who was slain by a party of common soldiers in a wretched hovel in a wood, where he had taken refuge, a few miles east of Tralee. Sir John Perrot shortly after gave the government of the palatinate to the queen's sheriff, and the Lord of Kerry, who had submitted and received pardon from the queen.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 6

24. Spanish Armada wrecked at Kilmacrehy shore, 1588

    Kilmacrehy · parish · Clare · 1588

    Part of the Spanish Armada was wrecked in 1588 on the shore of Kilmacrehy parish, County Clare, where waves break with tremendous force against the lofty basaltic cliffs along the western coast.

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    KILMACREHY, a parish, in the union of Ennisty- MON, barony of Corcomroe, county of Clare, and province of Munster, 4 miles (W.) from Ennistymon, and on the north side of Liscanor bay on the western coast ; containing 4*264 inhabitants. The parish comprises 7403 statute acres. Within its limits is the headland called Hag's Head, a lofty basaltic promontory situated in lat. 5'2° 16' 40", and Ion. 9° 2.5' 20" : from this point the cliffs gradually ascend to Moher, where they attain their greatest elevation ; that called Stokeen is 587 feet above the level of the sea. The waves break with tremendous force against the rocks ; part of the Spanish Armada was, in 1588, wrecked on the shore. On the most elevated point of these stupendous cliffs, an ornamental building in the castellated style has been erected by Cornelius O'Brien, Esq., for the accommodation of visiters to this bold and iron-bound coast, from which is obtained a magnificent view embracing nearly the whole line of coast from Loop Head to the northern extremity of the bay of Galway, together with the Arran Isles and a vast expanse of the Atlantic Ocean. Puffins are taken here by persons who are suspended over the lofty precipices in the cavities of which these birds deposit their young. A considerable portion of the parish consists of mountain pasture : the arable land is gene- 131

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 43

25. Spanish Armada wrecked at Spanish Point

    near Spanish Point · promontory · Clare · 1588–1603

    In the reign of Elizabeth, part of the Spanish Armada was wrecked on the coast of Kilfarboy parish at a place since called 'Spanish Point.' The name commemorates the disaster.

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    KILFARBOY, a parish, in the union of Ennis- TYMON, barony of Ibrickane, county of Clare, and province of Munster, Smiles (S. S. W.) from Ennistymon, and on the western coast; containing, with the post-town of Miltown-Malbay, 7498 inhabitants. It was anciently called Kilfobrick, from the monastery of that name, founded in 741, and of which Cormac, who died in 837, is said to have been bishop, but of which no traces now remain. In the reign of Elizabeth, part of the Spanish Armada was wrecked on this coast, at a place since called " Spanish Point. " The parish comprises 13,98l| statute acres, a considerable portion of which consists of mountain pasture and bog ; sea-weed abounds, and is in general use for manure, but the state of agriculture is rather backward. Mount Callan, which forms a conspicuous landmark, is chiefly in this parish, and rises 1288 feet above the sea : in one of its hollows is Loughnamina, noted for its fine trout. Indications of coal and ironstone appear in several places ; slate is found at Freagh ; and at Ballard, near Miltown, stone of superior quality is quarried for building. At Freagh is a station of the coast-guard, having a detachment at Liscanor. The gentlemen's seats are, Miltown House, Merville Lodge, Seaview, Westpark, and Spanish Point ; and there are several neat lodges in the vicinity of Miltown-Malbay (which see) for the accommodation of the numerous visiters who frequent that fashionable watering-place during the summer.

    The parish is in the diocese of Killaloe : the rectory forms part of the union of Kildysart ; the vicarage was episcopally united, in 1801, to that of Kilmihill or Kilmichael, together constituting the union of Kilfarboy, ia the gift of the Bishop. The tithe rent-charge of the parish is £415. 7- 8., of which £236. 5. are payable to the rector and the remainder to the vicar; the vicarial union produces a total rent-charge of £234. 10. 5. The

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 24

26. Spanish emissary and supply ships land at Killybegs

    Killybegs · town · Donegal · 1596–1600

    Killybegs was an early sea-port in the territory of the chiefs of Tyrconnell. An emissary of Philip II of Spain landed there in 1596, followed by supply vessels for O'Donnell in 1597 and again in 1600 carrying supplies and money for O'Donnell and O'Nial.

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    KILLYBEGS, a sea-port, market, and post town, a parish, and formerly a parliamentary borough, in the union of Glenties, partly in the barony of Boylagh, but chiefly in that of Bannagh, county of Donegal, and province of Ulster, 38 miles (S. W.) from Lifford, and VZ7 miles (N. W.) from Dublin, on the road from Ballyshannon and Donegal to Rutland ; containing Sl'^S inhabitants, of whom 798 are in the town. This place, which is situated on the north-west coast, was at a very early period one of the principal sea-ports in this part of the country, and formed a portion of the territories of the chiefs of Tyrconnell. The emissary of Philip II., King of Spain, landed here in 1596; and in April of the following year, a vessel from that country, laden with supplies for O'Donnell, and having some confidential agents on board, arrived for the purpose of conferring with that chieftain. In 1600, another vessel from Spain, with supplies for O'Donnell and O'Nial, landed here, and brought also a large sum of money, in order to promote the object they had in contemplation. On the plantation of Ulster, -^^OO acres of land were granted by James I. to Roger Jones, Esq., on condition of his laying out the site of a town, building 20 houses with land for burgesses, and assigning convenient spots for market-places, for a church and churchyard, a public school and playground, and 30 acres of common.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 41

27. Spanish Point named from Armada wreck

    near Spanish Point · promontory · Clare · 1588–1603

    Spanish Point near Miltown-Malbay takes its name from part of the Spanish Armada having been wrecked there during the reign of Queen Elizabeth. An hotel was erected nearby in 1810 by the Morony family and other gentlemen.

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    MILTOWN-MALBAY, a post-town, in the parish of KiLFARBOY, union of Ennistymon, barony of Ibrickane, county of Clare, and province of Mun- 8TER, 23 miles (W.) from Ennis, by Ennistymon, and 134^ (W. S. W.) from Dublin, by way of Limerick ; containing 246 houses, and 1'295 inhabitants. It is situated near the western coast, and contiguous to the great recess which, from its dangerous shore, is called the Malbay. Owing to the exertions of the late Mr. Morony, this place, since the commencement of the present century, has risen from a mere hamlet to be a fashionable bathing-place ; and among the houses, which are in general neatly built, are several of a superior description, occupied as bathing-lodges during the season. Near Spanish Point (so called from part of the Spanish Armada having been wrecked there in the reign of Queen Elizabeth) is an hotel, forming with its outoflices a handsome and extensive range of building. It was erected in 1810, by a company consisting of the Morony family and other gentlemen, and, besides the usual accommodations of an hotel, contains hot and cold baths, billiard-rooms, and a spacious assemblyroom ; it commands extensive views of the Atlantic, and adjoins the bathing strand, which is considered one of the best on the western coast : attached is stabling for nearly sixty horses. Though devoid of wood, the fine sea views, the elevation of the land, and the dryness of the soil, together with the excellent roads in the vicinity, combine to render the place agreeable ; and it is in consequence frequented by visiters from various parts of the country, for whose amusement races are occasionally held. There are fairs on Feb. 1st, March 9th, May 4th, June 20th, Aug. 11th, Oct. ISth, and Dec. 9th, for general farming stock. Quarter-sessions are held here in June ; petty-sessions weekly on Thursday ; and a court for Colonel Wyndham's manor of Moih Ibrickane monthly, for the recovery of small debts : near the town is a station of the constabulary police. Here are the parish church, and the Roman Catholic chapel of the district, which, together with the seats in the vicinity, are noticed under the head of Kilfarboy. At Freagh, on the coast, is a natural curiosity called the " Puffing Hole," which spouts water with great force to a considerable height, and, when the sun shmes, forms at each emission a beautiful iris. At Cassino is a chalybeate spa.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 154

28. Spanish ship lands supplies at Ardea, 1602

    Ardea · townland · Kerry · 1602

    In 1602 a Spanish ship landed supplies of money and ammunition at Ardea castle, encouraging native Irish to assemble in the mountains, but they were soon dispersed by Lord Barry, Sir G. Thornton, and Sir C. Wilmot.

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    TUOSIST, or KiLMACALOGUE, a parish, in the poorlaw union of Kenmare, barony of Glanerolgh, county of Kerry, and province of Monster, 1'2 miles (S. \V.) from Kenmare, and on the bay of that name ; containing 7485 inhabitants. This parish is considered to be one of the wildest and most irreclaimable districts in the county. It is separated on the south-east from the county of Cork by a range of lofty and almost impassable mountains, and extends for about nine miles along the southern shore of the great estuary or bay of Kenmare, an inlet of which, called Ardgroom H'arbour, forms its boundary on the south-west. A road is in progress through the parish to Castletown-Berehaven, in the county of Cork. The ancient castle of Ardea, now in ruins, occupies a bold and romantic situation on a lofty cliff overlooking the bay ; it was once the seat of the O'Sullivans, some of whose descendants still exist in this district. In 160'2 a Spanish ship landed supplies of money and ammunition at this castle, which event encouraged some of the native Irish to assemble in the mountains ; but they were soon dispersed by Lord Barry, Sir G. Thornton, and Sir C. Wilmot.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 361

29. Spa of Tralee: mineral spa and Samphire islets

    Spa · town · Kerry

    The Spa of Tralee, on the northern shore of Tralee bay, offered a strong chalybeate mineral spa and bathing strand. Near the centre of the bay are the small rocky Samphire islets, popular for aquatic excursions.

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    SPA, a watering-place, in the parishes of Ballyna- UAGLisii and Clogherbrien, union of Tralee, barony of Trughenackmy, county of Kerry, and province of MuNSTER, 3 miles (W.) from Tralee : the population is returned with the respective parishes. This place, which is generally called the " Spa of Tralee," is finely situated on the northern shore of Tralee bay ; and its excellent bathiug strand and mineral spa, the latter of which is a strong chalybeate, together with the salubrity of its situation, and the fine views it affords of the Tralee and Dingle mountains, attract numerous visiters during the season, for whose accommodation several neat and commodious lodges have been erected. On the strand, which at low water is nearly three miles in length, races are generally held in the course of the season ; and a regatta in the bay has been lately established. Near the centre of the bay are the small rocky islets called the Samphire, to the larger of which aquatic excursions are often made ; and the drive along the strand, from the Spa to the town of Tralee, affords a delightful succession of marine and mountain scenery. Off the shore, to the west of the Spa, is an oyster-bed, which is allowed to be dredged gratuitously by poor persons, who furnish an abundant supply during the season at the rate of 3f/. per 100. Among the seats and lodges in the immediate vicinity are Frogmore Lodge, Plover Hill, and Oyster Hall.

    SPANCEL-HILL, a village, in the parish of Clo- NEY, union of Ennis, barony of Upper Bunratty, county of Clare, and province of Munster ; containing 169 inhabitants.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 297

30. Speaking Stone at Kilrossanty stream

    Kilrossanty · townland · Waterford

    In the bed of a stream in Kilrossanty parish lies a detached split rock fragment called Clou'jlt Louris, or 'the speaking stone.' This natural curiosity is recorded among the antiquities of the parish.

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    been repaired by a grant of £240 from the Ecck-kiastlcal Commissioners. In the Roman Catholic divisions Kilrossanty is the head of a district, comprising this parish and Fews, in each of which is a chapel. There is a public school to which Colonel Palliser subscribcB £40 annually, besides giving the 8fhor)l-hou8e ; and near the Roman Catholic chapel a commodious schoolhouse has been erected by subscription, on a site given by Pierse G. Barron, Esq. In the bed of a stream is a detached fragment of rock split through, called Clou'jlt Louris, or " the speaking stone." At Bamakile are some remains of a castle, and there was one at Ballycaroge belonging to the Walsh family.

    KILRUANE, a parish, in the union of Nenagh, partly in the barony of Lower Ormond, but chiefly in that of Ui'i'ER Ormo.nd, county of Tii'perary, and province of Mcnster, '2^ miles (N. K.) from Nenagh, on the road to Parsonstown ; containing 1444 inhabitants. It comprises 3911 statute acres, principally under tillage; the drill system of agriculture is general. There are some limestone-quarries, and a bog of about 50 acres. The principal seats are Rapla, Rathurlys, Ballinvira, and Claremont. The living is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of Killaloe, and in the patronage of the Bishop : the tithe rent-charge is £149. 19 8. There is now neither glebe-house nor glebe ; 14a. '2r. 1'27>. of land about the old church, properly belonging to the benefice, are withheld by the present landhjrd of the estate on which they are situated. The church, a neat structure, was built by a gift of £800 from the Board of First Fruits, in IS^^. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish forms part of the district of Cloghjordan, and contains a chapel. In the demesne of Rathurlys are the remains of a circular castle, and of a Danish rath covering about two acres, in which are the picturesque ruins of the old parochial church ; and not far distant are to be seen the remains of a Druidical altar.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 55

31. Speed's 1676 map: forest of Kellelon and barony of Akill

    near Achill · parish · Mayo · 1676

    Speed's Theatre of Great Britain (1676) named the territories of Mayo by their ruling septs, including Mac Jordan, baron of Exeter, near whose territory was noted the forest of Kellelon, and the barony of Akill (Achill), the only baronial division mentioned. The description noted Mayo's abundance of cattle, deer, hawks, and honey.

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    At the period when Ptolemy wrote, the Nagnatce were the inhabitants of the whole of the county, with the exception of a small portion of its southern extremity, into which the Auteiii, who were settled in the northwest of Galway, had penetrated. The city of Nagnatce, together with the rivers Ravius and Libnius, is supposed by some to have been in this county, but others fix its site in the adjoining county of Sligo. M. Vaugondy's map of ancient Connaught, published by Mac Geoghegan, furnishes the following names of the territories which composed it, and of their respective baronies; Irrosdomnion, being the barony of Erris ; Calrigiamuighemurisk-in-Amalgaid, and Hy-Fiachra-Aidhne, Tyrawley ; Coranne, Gallen ; Conmacne-Quiltola, Clanmorris and Kilmain ; Kierrige de Lough Nairn, Costello ; Hymalia or Umaille, Murrisk. In Speed's Theatre of Great Britain, published in 16/6, the names of the territories, which appear to be taken from those of the ruling septs, commencing from the most northern, are. Arras Dondenell ; O'Dondey; O'Mac Philben ; Mac William Burck; Carew Mac Ville Uterhday; O'Males; Mac Jordan, baron of Exeter, near which territory is noted the forest of Kellelon ; and the barony of Akill, being the only baronial division mentioned. In the brief description annexed to the map it is stated "that Mayo, in the Roman Provincial called Magee, is replenished both with pleasure and fertility, abundantly rich in cattle, deer, hawks, and plenty of honey." O'Conor's map of Ireland, which professes to give the names and locations of the settlers at the commencement of the 17th century, mentions only the names of Mac William Burke, Jordan, Mac Philip, Mac Costello or Nangle, Dillon, and Fitzmorris.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 145

32. Spiddal pier built by Fishery Board

    Spiddle · town · Galway

    A pier built by the Fishery Board at Spiddal (Spiddle) on Galway bay provided the only shelter for boats on that side of the bay. Two small thatched chapels served the Catholic parish union of Spiddal and Minna.

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    SPIDDLE, or Spiddal, a village, in the parish and barony of Moycvllen, union and county of Galway, and province of Connaught, 9 miles (\V.) from Galway, and on the bay of Galway : the population is returned with the parish. Here is a pier built by the Fishery Board, which is the only place of shelter for boats on this side of the bay. In the Roman Catholic di\isions Spiddle is considered a parish, united with that of Vol. II.— 5-29

    Minna, in which union are two small thatched chapels, one at Spiddle and the other at Minna.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 297

33. Spire Hill obelisk near Portarlington

    Portarlington · town · Laois

    Spire Hill, about a mile south of Portarlington, takes its name from an obelisk erected by the late Viscount Carlow to provide employment to the poor during a season of scarcity. The hill is richly wooded with winding walks through plantations to its summit, and the obelisk is visible at a great distance over the flat surrounding country.

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    Two churches were built in the town at the time of the Settlement, dedicated respectively to St. Michael and St. Paul, in the reign of William III., and endowed severally with a rent-charge of £40 late currency reserved upon lands let in perpetuity. St. Paul's was appropriated to the French and Flemish settlers, and St. Michael's to the use of English Protestants in the town; in consequence of this arrangement, the former of these is called the French church, and the latter the English. The income of the French church was augmented with £50 per annum by parliament many years since, and has been lately increased by the Ecclesiastical Commissioners to £100 : the late Board of First Fruits increased the stipend of the minister of the English church to £100 per annum. The livings are in the diocese of Kildare, and in the patronage of the Bishop. The English church, situated on the eastern side of the square, has a handsome spire ; the French church is in the street leading westward to the river, and till within the last thirty years divine service was performed in the French language. In the Roman Catholic divisions Portarlington is the head of a district, called Portarlington, Emo, and Killinard, and comprising parts of the parishes of Clonehorke and Coolbanagher, and the parish of Lea with the e.xception of the townland of Inchcoolley. Chapels are respectively situated at Portarlington, Emo, and Killinard : that in Portarlington having been found too small for the increasing congregation, a new chapel has been erected near the old one, and is a handsome edifice in the pointed style ; the principal front consists of a tower, with pinnacles at each angle, and surmounted by a fine spire, 140 feet high. There is also a place of worship for Wesleyan Methodists. A savings' bank, opened some years since, has now a capital of deposits from the poorer classes, amounting to £16,000. A loan fund, which commenced with a capital of £100, is operating very beneficially : Colonel Armstrong, and Chidley" Coote and Maunsell Dames, Esqrs., bore an active part in its formation ; it is now under the management of three trustees, of whom the Rev. J. Wolseley is the principal, and the present capital is £2,300. A dispensary is supported in the usual manner. About a mile to the south of the town is Spire Hill, so called from the erection of an obelisk on it by the late Viscount Carlow, for the purpose of giving employment to the poor in a season of scarcity : the flatness of the surrounding country renders it visible at a great distance ; the sides of the hill are richly wooded, and it has winding walks through the plantations to its summit. A chalybeate spring near the town is said to be efficacious in scorbutic cases ; its chief component parts are nitre and sulphur. Portarlington gives the title of Earl to the Dawson family.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 231

34. Spital field leper hospital site at Kilmallock

    Kilmallock · town · Limerick

    About half a mile north of the town are ruins of ecclesiastical buildings, and the site of an ancient hospital for lepers is still called the Spital field.

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    The LIVING is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of Limerick : the rectory forms part of the union of St. Mary and corps of the deanery of Limerick ; the vicarage is in the patronage of the Dean. The tithe rent-charge is £543. 15., .of which two-thirds are payable to the dean and the remainder to the vicar. The glebe-house, belonging to the vicarage, was built in 1S3I, by a gift of £350 and a loan of £450 from the Board of First Fruits ; the glebe comprises 7^ acres, besides which are '2^ acres belonging to the deanery. The church, a small but handsome cruciform edifice in the later English style, with an octagonal tower crowned with battlements and crocketed pinnacles, was b\iilt in 18'24, and the Board of First Fruits contributed £900 towards its erection. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish is the head of a district, called sometimes Loughmore, and comprising also the parishes of Crecora and Knocknegaul, and part of the parish of Kilpeacon ; the chapel, situated at Loughmore, is a small thatched building. The REMAINS of the ancient monastery include the walls of the church, divided into three unequal portions communicating with each other by low arches : the eastern gable of the choir has a narrow pointed -window ; the nave, which is large, is lighted by windows of similar character, and at the north-east angle of the western portion is a slender, square, embattled tower. To the east of this are the ruins of another church ; and, about 300 yards distant from it, the remains of a tower and gateway. About 150 yards north of the church is a massive well-built edifice, about 50 feet in length and 30 broad, with lofty walls and pointed gables, lighted by one narrow circular-headed window at the east end, and entered by a square-headed doorway on the west. There are also extensive foundations of buildings in the adjoining fields, at a considerable depth beneath the surface, occasionally discovered by the plough. About half a mile to the north of the parish church is Temple-Mungrett, around which are traces of ancient buildings, formerly the hospital of the Knights Templars, and afterwards the mansion-house of the prior of Mungrett. Near the eastern boundary of the parish, opposite to Ballincurra, are the ruins of a hermitage, subsequently an hospital for lepers.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi

35. Spring and marble at Ledwithstown

    Ledwithstown · townland · Longford

    Ledwithstown has a spring of excellent water gushing out of marble rock in a copious stream, highly esteemed locally. Deep-grey marble is also abundant there, takes a high polish, and is worked into chimney-pieces and domestic ornaments.

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    The OEOLOGv of Longford may be briefly noticed. The northern boundary of the great limestone field of Ireland passes througli this county, frirming part of the hilly tract which, rising in the north-eastern part of it, proceeds into several of the northern countief. The line of division between the limestone and clay-slate proceeds from the Camlin river, near Longford, by St. Johnstown, between Lough Kinale and Lough Gownagh, to the head of Lough Shcelin. The portion of the county to the south of this line is based on limestone, the general range of which approaches to the east and west, with the dip towards the south. An isolated mass of sandstone forms within the limestone field the liill of Slieve Goldry, near Ardagh ; and another at Ballymahon, extends on both sides to the Inny ; this kind of rock may also be observed to the west of the clay-slate formation, in the north-western extremity of the county, occupying hkewise, beyond its limits, a considerable space on both sides of the Shannon in the counties of Roscommon and Leitrim ; and on the hill at Shroid, a little east of Longford, conglomerate of a compact structure crosses the country in a very extraordinary manner, rising in wavy undulations, frequently submerging, and again presenting itself on the surface. There are numerous escars in all the level districts, forming a portion of the great chain which passes from the coast of Killala bay, through the centre of the island, to Lough Neagh. Here, as in every other part of their course, they are formed of fragments of primitive and secondary rocks, evidently rounded by attrition ; but the greater portion of nodules in the escars of this county are of limestone ; and near the base, in almost every instance, are quantities of fine calcareous sand and marl, which are every where used as manure, and, on some kinds of land, are far more beneficial than lime. Notwithstanding the ab\mdance of limestone, sandstone, and gravel, pure water is rather scarce. At Ledwithstown is a spring of excellent water gushing out of the marble rock in a copious stream, which is very highly esteemed.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 107

36. Spring Hill and Moneygmore highland range

    Spring Hill · townland · Derry

    Around Ballinderry are considerable steeps, and at Spring Hill and over the town of Moneymore is a beautiful range of high land. Beyond this extends a low tract called the Golden Vale of Ballydawley.

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    The great natural divisions of the profitable lands are the rich and fertile vales of the Roe, the Faughan, the Foyle (with the liberties of Londonderry), and the Moyola i the shores of Lough Neagh ; the half valley of the Bann (with the liberties of Coleraine) ; and the seacoast, with the flats of Lough Foyle. The longest of the vales opening from the mountains is that of the Roe, environed by hills appropriated as sheep-walks, and in many places having midway up their declivities a sort of natural terrace, frequently two or three hundred yards in breadth. To the west is the nearly parallel vale of Fauglian, which, next to those of the Roe and the Moyola, displays (from Clondermot to the coast of Lough Foyle) one of the most delightful tracts in the county ; a considerable portion, however, is occupied by rough though valuable turbaries, while other parts are clothed with natural wood ; in the higher part the scenery is frequently romantic, and in other places is improved by round alluvial hills. The vale of the Foyle is highly improved, and comprises the western extremity of the county, in which stands the city of Londonderry. The vale of Moijola extends from the eastern side of the mountains of Ballynascreen, towards Lough Neagh, being bounded on the south by Slieve-Gallion. The borders of Lough Neagh form a low tract which presents a rich landscape, its surface being composed partly of gentle swells, and its fertility broken only by some extensive bogs. Around Ballinderry are considerable steeps, and at Spring Hill and over the town of Moneymore is a beautiful range of high land : beyond this, extends a low tract called " the Golden Vale of Ballydawley." Lough Neagh bounds the county for nearly six miles, when the Bann, issuing from it, immediately falls into Lough Beg, the Londonderry shore of which is five miles in extent. The half valley of the Baim is composed of bleak ridges or turamocks of basalt, with a few more favoured spots near the streams, but accompanied by a series of scattered bogs, bordering the course of the river. These sometimes comprise high and barren swells, with lakes and small bogs intervening. About Tubbermore, Fort- William, and Maghera, however, is a pleasing and more fertile tract; and the interior of the district bordering on the Bann is greatly enlivened by the woody scenery around Garvagh. The Sea-coast, formed by the Atlantic for 12 miles from Portrush to Magilligan Point, and thence for 16 miles by Lough Foyle, exhibits a succession of varied and interesting scenery. Commencing with Portrush it presents a number of creeks and inlets, of which the most remarkable is Port-Stewart, whence to the mouth of the Bann is a strand of great extent and beauty, succeeded by a range of cliffs rising boldly from the sea, on the summit of one of which are the mansion of Down Hill and the Mussenden Temple, built by the Earl of Bristol, Bishop of Derry. From Down Hill to Magilligan Point, a distance of 7 miles, is a strand extending a mile in breadth from the base of the mountains to the water's edge, and on which the whole army of Great Britain might be reviewed. Thence the coast turns nearly due south to the mouth of the Roe, presenting a dreary expanse in 256

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 93

37. Spring Hill mansion near Moneymore

    Spring Hill · townland · Derry

    Spring Hill, a mansion more than 200 years old situated a quarter mile above Moneymore, occupies tastefully arranged grounds with fine beech, oak, ash, and fir trees and a fine cedar near the house. A limestone quarry spring here originally supplied water to the castle and houses below.

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    The TOWN consists of two principal and five smaller streets, and contains 159 houses, very neatly built, and several others now in progress of erection. About a quarter of a mile above it is Spring Hill, a mansion more than 200 years old, situated in grounds tastefully arranged and commanding some varied scenery; the demesne is enriched with remarkably fine beech, oak, ash, and fir trees, and close to the house is a fine cedar. A very elegant house has been lately built by Rowley Miller, Esq., agent of the Drapers' Company ; and the glebe-house, built in 1831 by the Hon. and Rev. J. P. Hewitt, is a handsome residence : Desertlyn Cottage is pleasantly situated, and the grounds tastefully laid out.

    The surrounding district has been greatly improved by the Drapers' Company, the proprietors, since 1817, when, on the expiration of a lease granted to Sir W. Rowley, the estates returned into their possession, and from which year they have been managed under their

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 168

38. Square fort and burial-ground at Talbotstown

    Talbotstown · electoral division · Wicklow

    At Talbotstown in the parish of Kilranelagh, County Wicklow, remain the ruins of a square fort with a fosse, which gave its name to the barony. There is also a large old burial-ground at the site.

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    KILRANELAGH, a parish, in the union of BaltiNGLASS, barony of Upper Talbotstown, county of WiCKLOW, and province of Leinster, 3^ miles (E.) from Baltinglass, on the road from Dublin to Hacketstown; containing 1800 inhabitants. It comprises 447O5 statute acres, of which 1053 are mountain land, including Cadeen, which is 2143 feet high, and Kilranelagh hill, which rises to the height of 12S9 feet : the land is chiefly in pasture. In the demesne of Kilranelagh is found porcelain clay, consisting of decomposed felspar, equal in purity to the Cornish china clay ; granite and slate are abundant, and large masses of hornblende and a sort of greenstone frequently occur. There is a constabulary police station near Fort Granite. The principal seats are, Kilrauelagh, a well-planted demesne of 200 statute acres ; Ballynrowan ; Fort Granite; and Barraderry. The parish is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of Leighlin, forming part of the union of Kiltegan : the tithe rent-charge is £145. 7. 8. In the Roman Catholic divisions it is part of the district of Rathvilly, and has a chapel at Talbotstown. In the demesne of Fort Granite is a handsome school-house, with apartments for a master and mistress, built and supported entirely by the proprietor and his family. A kistvaen was discovered some years since on the estate of Kilranelagh, in which was an urn containing bones, now in the museum of Trinity College, Dublin. At Talbotstown are the remains of a square fort with a fosse, which must formerly have been of consequence, as it gave name to the barony ; and there is a large old burial-ground.

    KILRAUGHTS, or Cilraghts, a parish, iu the union of Bali.ymoney, barony of Upper Dunluce, county of Antrim, and province of Ulster, 4 miles (E.) from Ballymoney, and on the roads leading respectively from Colerainc to Belfast and from Ballymena to Bushmills; containing 1542 inhabitants. This parish comprises 5132^ statute acres, of which very little is 164

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 51

39. Square tower at Kilconnell, Tipperary

    Kilconnell · townland · Tipperary

    In the parish of Kilconnell near Cashel stands a square tower in good preservation, noted as a surviving antiquity of the area.

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    KILCONNELL, a parish, in the union of Cashel, barony of Middlethird, county of Tipperary, and province of Munster, 3 miles (E.) from Cashel, on the road from that place to Fethard ; containing 655 inhabitants, and 2345 statute acres. It is a rectory, in the diocese of Cashel, and forms part of the ecclesiastical union of Fethard : the tithe rent-charge is £106. 18. 8. Here is a square tower in good preservation.

    KILCONNY, a village, in the parish of Drumlane, union of Cavan, barony of Locghtee Lower, county of Cavan, and province of Ulster ; containing 450 inhabitants.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 16

40. St. Abban's 7th-century nunnery at Killeagh

    Killeagh · town · Cork · 600–699

    A nunnery is said to have been founded at Killeagh in the 7th century by St. Abban, near the site now occupied by the parish church. The town itself consists of one regular street with 125 houses.

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    KILLEAGH, a post-town and parish, in the union of MiDLETON, barony of Imokilly, county of Cork, and province of Munster, 7 miles (W.) from Youghal, and 114 (S. W. byS.) from Dublin, on the road from Cork to Youghal ; containing '281.5 inhabitants, of whom 789 are in the town. A nunnery is said to have been founded in the 7th century, by St. Abban, near the spot now occupied by the parish church. The town consists of one regular street, comprising 125 houses, and is neatly built ; it is a constabulary police station, and has a sub-post office to Cork, Youghal, and Castlemartyr. Fairs are held on Jan. 18th, June 13th, Aug. 11th, and Nov. 12th ; a great quantity of live stock is sold. A court is held for the manor of Inchiquin, the jurisdiction of which extends over the parishes of Killcagh, Ardagh, Dangandonovan, and Clonpriest. The water of the small river Dissour, which passes by the town, is in high repute for its bleaching properties ; and near a bridge that crosses the stream is a boulting-mill.

    The parish comprises 5854 statute acres, of which a small quantity is bog, about 400 acres woodland, and the remainder arable or pasture land of good quality and well cultivated. Sea-sand and sea-weed are used as manure, and there is abundance of limestone, brownstone, and inferior slate. The principal seat is Ahadoe House, the residence of Sir Arthur de Capell Brooke, Bart., not more remarkable for its natural beauties than for its having remained in the same family more than 600 years, while nearly all the other estates in the south of Ireland have been confiscated. It was granted in 1172 to Philip de Capell, lineal ancestor of the present baronet, and is called by the peasantry " the Maiden Estate," to distinguish it from the numerous forfeited properties in its vicinity. From its elevated situation, 100

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 38

41. St. Abban's monastery at Monastereven, a sanctuary

    Monasterevin · town · Kildare · 600–908

    Monastereven derives its name from a monastery founded by St. Abban and made a place of sanctuary. In the seventh century, St. Emin (Evin) placed monks from South Munster there. According to the Book of Lecan, the forcible seizure of this religious house by Cearbhuil caused the war of 908 between Cearbhuil and Cormac Mac Culinan, King of Munster, who was defeated.

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    MONASTEREVEN, a market and post town, and a parish, in the union of Athy, barony of West Ophaley, county of Kildare, and province of Lein- STER, 14i miles (\V. S. W.) from Naas, and 30 (S. W.) from Dublin, on the coach-road to Limerick ; containing 3693 inhabitants, of whom 1097 are in the town. This town derives its name from a monastery founded here, and made a place of sanctuary, by St. Abban ; in which were afterwards placed monks from South Munster, by St. Eniin, or Evin, in the seventh century. According to the Book of Lecan, the forcible seizure of this religious house by Cearbhuil was the cause of the war in 908, between that monarch and Cormac Mac Culinan, King of Munster, the latter of whom was defeated. The monastery, having become extinct, was refounded towards the close of the twelfth century, by Dermod O'Dempsey, King of Ophaley, with the consent of Muredach O'Conor; and, though considered as just beyond the border of the English pale, was made a mitred abbey : its abbot sat as a baron in the Irish parliament. At the Dissolution, the abbey and the manor were granted to George, Lord Audley, who assigned them to Adam Loftus, Viscount Ely ; and they are at present the property of the Marquess of Drogheda. During the disturbances of 1798, a battle took place here between the insurgents and a party of the yeomanry, which terminated in the total defeat of the former, and the consequent interruption of their progress into Queen's county.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 166

42. St. Abban's monastery at Rossmactreoin on the Barrow

    New Ross · town · Wexford

    According to Colgan, St. Abban built a great monastery on the banks of the Barrow, now called Rossmactreoin, which gave rise to an ancient city formerly called Rossglas. The ruins and walls remaining about 1620 demonstrated its magnitude and age.

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    ROSS (NEW), an inland port, a borough and market town, a parish, and the head of a union, in the barony of Bantry, county of Wex- 1^) FORD, and province of Lein- STER, 191 miles (W. by N.) from Wexford, and "Of (S. S. W.) from Dublin ; on the road from Wexford to W^aferford, and on the eastern bank of the river of Ross, sometimes called the Barrow ; containing 9141 inhabitants, of whom 7133 are in the town. With the suburb of Rossbercon, in the county of Kilkenny, 7453 are within the town. Colgan states that St. Abban built a great monastery, now called Rossmactreoin, on the banks of the Barrow, and that this monastery in process of time gave rise to a noble and ancient city, formerly called Rossglas, and subsequently Rossmactrium or Rossmactreoin ; the magnitude and 4S8

    Seal.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 263

43. St. Aidan's tomb and well at Magilligan

    near Tamlaght-ard or Magilligan · parish · Derry

    The remains of St. Aidan, Bishop of Lindisfarne, were raised by his successor Colman and buried at Magilligan in a tomb of hewn stone that still exists near the eastern window of the old parish church. Nearby is a fine well called Tubber-aspug-Aidan, 'the Well of Bishop Aidan.'

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    TAMLAGHTARD, or Magilligan, a parish, in the union of Newtown-Limavady, barony of Kenaught, county of Londonderry, and province of Ulster, 4^ miles (N. E.) from Newtown-Limavady ; containing 3252 inhabitants. The former of these names, which signifies " the cemetery on the height," is derived from the situation of the ancient burial-ground, which is still used ; and the latter from a family of that name who were proprietors of a native freehold in it, until the land was forfeited to the Crown, after the war of 1641. In the year 584, St. Columbkill founded a monastery here, -which afterwards acquired great wealth and celebrity, and became so pre-eminent among the monastic foundations of this saint, that it obtained the title of the " Throne or shrine of St. Columba;" kings, princes, and prelates repaired hither to close their days in its recesses, and the remains of many others were brought hither for interment. The most remarkable of the latter were those of St. Aidan, Bishop of Lindisfarne, which were raised by Colman, one of his successors, and buried here in a tomb of hewn stone that still exists near the eastern window of the old parish church ; near which is also a fine well, called Tubber-aspug- Aidan, " the Well of Bishop Aidan." The monastery was plundered in 1203, by Diarmit Hua Lochluin, at the head of a party of foreigners, who were afterwards met by the chiefs of the country, and routed in a battle in which their leader was slain. On the dissolution of monasteries, the buildings and lands of this establishment were granted to the see of Derry.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 311

44. Staigue fort in Kilcrohane parish

    Staigue · townland · Kerry

    Staigue fort in the parish of Kilcrohane was described as an extraordinary circular building of the most remote date. A second stone fort with seats around it stood about three miles distant but was in ruins due to inferior workmanship.

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    The VESTIGES of ANTIQUITY Scattered over the county are very numerous, though the most common are merely the traces of the military struggles of which it has been the scene. It had formerly three of the ancient round towers, of which the one that stood near the cathedral oi Ardfert fell in 1771 ; of another, at Aghadue about 20 feet remain ; and the third is still standing nearly entire at Rattoo. Stuigiif fort, in the parish of Kilcrohane, is an extraordinary circular building of the most remote date : there is another stone fort with seats around it, about three miles distant, but in ruins, from the inferior solidity of its workmanship ; and a similar inclosure is to be seen in Iveragh, on the opposite side of the river to Cahirciveen. Perhaps of a remoter age are the Ogham inscriptions near the church of Kilmelchedor, not far from Sraerwick harbour ; where there is another inscription in a running character of various ancient letters. At Ballysteeny is likewise a stone with an Ogham inscription ; and, in the ruined church of Aghadoe, another. Among the most curious of the ancient fortifications is the circular inclosure at Caherdonnel, which is attributed to the Danes ; and on the mountain of Cahirconree, or " the fortress of King Con," is a circle of massive stones, also piled in the manner of a Danish intrenchment. There is a Danish camp, called Caher Truiit, on the shores of Ventry haven ; and another at Rathanaiie, in the same vicinity. Clee Riiadh, or the Red Ditch, is a singular line of defence, commencing at a place called Caher Carbery, near Kerry Head, and carried eastward to the Cashen river, beyond which it re-appears ; proceeding over Knockanure mountain, it enters Limerick county, where all traces of it are lost. It is conjectured to have been a line of demarcation between the principalities of Thomond and Desmond. The most curious of the minor remains of the more remote ages is the bronze instrument, resembling a kettle-drum, found at Muckross, and now deposited in Charlemont House, Dubhn. Eighteen Religious Houses are said to have anciently existed in this county ; and there are remains of those of Aghamore or Derrynanc, Ardfert, Ballinaskellig, Innisfallen, Irrelagh or Muckross, Killagh or de Bello Loco (in the parish of Kilcoleman), Lislaghtin, O'Dorney or Kjnrie Eleison, and Rattoo or Rathtoy. There are also the ruins of the ancient cathedrals of Ardfert and Aghadoe ; a ruined religious building, called Monaster in Oriel, in the parish of Kilgarvan ; chapels or cells, built entirely of stone with arched roofs, on Skellig and Blasquet Islands, from the former of which the abbey of Ballinaskellig was removed to the main land ; a curious church and cell, dedicated to St. Finian, on an island in Lough Currane, in the parish of Dromod ; a stone-roofed cell at Fane, in the parish of Ventry ; one also at Kelmelchedor j one near Gallerus, at the 15

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 11

45. Staigue Fort: unique ancient stone structure

    near Staigue Fort · enclosure · Kerry

    Staigue Fort, considered unique in Ireland, stands on a low hill in an amphitheatre of barren mountains open to Kenmare Bay. The nearly circular building is constructed of ordinary local stone with no tool marks, featuring a single low doorway through a wall over 13 feet thick, internal cells, and surrounded by a broad fosse.

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    The ruins of Aghamore or Derrijnane Abbey, founded in the seventh century by the monks of St. Finbarr, Cork, for Canons Regular of the order of St. Augustine, stand on a peninsula which becomes insulated at spring tides, and has therefore acquired the name of " Abbey Island. " A portion of the walls has been washed away by the violence of the waves, but the remains are still considerable, and the eastern window nearly entire. Here is the family vault of the O'Connells. At Coode are the ruins of the old church ; and on a hill about a mile from it is a curious hermitage, hewn out of the solid rock, and said to have belonged to St. Crohane, the patron saint of the parish. At Cahirdaniel are the remains of a large fortification, consisting of a rampart seven feet high, constructed of large stones, and attributed to the Danes ; and at Moneij Fluch are those of a similar one. But one of the most remarkable ancient structures in Ireland is Staigue Fort, which is generally considered to be unique. It stands on a low hill nearly in the centre of an amphitheatre of barren mountains, open from the south to the bay of Kenmare, from which it is about a mile and a half distant. The building, ■which is nearly of a circular form, is constructed of the ordinary stone of the country, but bears no mark whatever of a tool, having been evidently erected before masonry became a regular art. The only entrance is by a doorway barely five feet high, through a wall upwards of 13 feet thick, which opens into an area of about 90 feet in diameter. The circumference is divided into a series of compartments of steps, or seats, ascending to the top of the surrounding wall, in the form of the letter X, and in two of these compartments are entrances to cells constructed in the centre of the wall. The average height of the wall on the outside is 18 feet, battering as it rises by a curve, which produces a very singular effect : the wall also batters on the inside, so as to be reduced from about 13 feet at the bottom to 7 at the top. On the outside the stones are small, and the joints are so filled with splinters of stone as not to 42

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 17

46. Stalactite caverns and lead-ore vein in Ratass parish

    Ratass · townland · Kerry

    The limestone strata of the district of Ratass parish contain several caverns lined with stalactites, through which a subterraneous stream takes its course. Very good marble has been obtained, and many years since a vein of lead-ore was discovered near the church.

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    RATASS, or Rathass, a parish, in the union of Tralee, barony of Trughenackmy, county of Kerry, and province of Munster, on the high road to Killarney ; containing, with part of the town of Tralee, 2SS8 inhabitants. The castle of Ballybcggan, in this parish, formerly a place of considerable strength belonging to the Desmonds, and a noted pass between Tralee and Castleisland, was the only fortress in the county that in 1641 held out against the Irish forces; it resisted every assault until relieved, in 1643, by Lord Inchiquin's forces. During the war of the Revolution it was burnt by the Irish. The parish comprises 6983 statute acres, partly in tillage. The limestone strata of the district contain several caverns lined with stalactites, through which a subterraneous stream takes its course ; very good marble has been obtained, and many years since a vein of lead-ore was discovered near the church. The county gaol, the Tralee infantry barracks, Messrs. Newell and Grant's distillery, and Mr. Bender's brewery, are situated at Ballymullen, and, together with a considerable portion of the parish, are within the hmits of the borough of Tralee, under which head they are noticed. Several neat houses have been built in

    RATH

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 245

47. Stamped pewter coinage found near Youghal walls, 1818

    Youghal · town · Cork · 1818

    In 1818, several pieces of stamped pewter the size of half-crowns and shillings were found near the walls of Youghal, evidently made and passed as money.

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    are of extraordinary thickness : among them is one said to have been that of Coppinger, the mayor who was hanged before his own door ; also one in which Cromwell took up his residence during his stay at Youghal. A great quantity of silver coins was found here in 1830 ; the number could not be ascertained, but more than 400 oz. were sold as old silver in Cork ; they were mostly pence and half groats of Edward I., and also some halfpennies of the same reign. In 1818, several pieces of stamped pewter of the size of halfcrowns and shillings were found near the walls, which had evidently been made and passed as money. Many remains of crosses, croziers, and other ornaments, worn by the monks and friars, were found in 1817, when sinking the foundations for the chapel of ease, on the site of the old South Abbey. On the old Cork road, near Mary Ville, the property of Mr. Taylor, are the remains of an ancient Danish fort, which runs under ground nearly a mile. There are two chalybeate springs, one on the Spa road near the fever hospital, and the other at the quarry near the Waterford road, which are but seldom used. The Earl of Cork and Orrery, among his inferior titles in the peerage of Ireland, enjoys that of Baron Boyle, of Youghal, conferred upon his lordship in September, 1616.

    YOUGHAL-ARRA, a parish, in the union of Ne- XAGH, barony of Owney and Arra, county of Tippe- RARY, and province of Munster, 4^ miles (W.) from Nenagh, and on the river Shannon; containing SS'il inhabitants. This parish is situated at the junction of the counties of Clare and Galway, where the Shannon expands and forms Lough Derg ; it comprises 8356 6S4

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 416

48. Standing Stone blown up near Ballymena glebe

    near Ballymena · town · Antrim · 1841

    A mass of rock 30 feet in circumference and 8 feet high, called the Standing Stone, stood near the glebe-house with no extant tradition. It was blown up in 1841.

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    Before the dissolution of religious houses, this parish was an appropriation of Muckamore Abbey. It is now an impropriate curacy, in the diocese of Connor ; the rectory is impropriate, by purchase from the Earl of Mountcashel, in William Adair, Esq., and the tithe rentcharge is £167. 13., the whole payable to the impropriator. The stipend of the curate is £8'2 per annum, of which £31. 10. are paid by the impropriator, £32. 10. from Primate Boulter's Augmentation fund, and £18 from a tenement in Ballymena. The glebe-house, towards the erection of which the Board of First Fruits granted a loan of £73. 16., in 18'23, is near the church ; the glebe comprises si.\ acres, valued at £16 per annum. The church was built in 171 '2, at the extremity of the parish, for the convenience of the town, and was repaired and enlarged in IS'2'2, for which purpose a loan of £100 was granted by the Board of First Fruits. In the Roman Cathohc divisions the parish is the head of a district, called Ballymena, and comprising also the parish of Ballyclug : there are chapels at Ballymena and Crebilly; also three places of worship for Presbyterians in connexion with the General Assembly, and one for Wesleyan Methodists. Guy's free school is supported by a bequest of the late John Guy, Esq. ; the schoolhouse was built at an expense of between £400 and £.500, and the master has a house and garden rent-free : there are numerous other schools, the master of one of which, the diocesan school, receives a salary of £1'20 per annum. Some remains exist of the ancient parish church, which appears to have been a spacious and handsome structure ; but they are diminishing rapidly by the removal of the materials, for gravestones. There are several encampments in the parish ; the most conspicuous is on the high grounds above Ballincarvey, near which, in the townland of Bottom, is a fine circular fortress, surrounded by a fosse and vallum. Not far from the glebe-house was a mass of rock, 30 feet in circumference and 8 feet high, called the Standing stone, of which no tradition is extant ; it was blown up in the year 1841. Near the town of Ballymena, on the bank of the Braid water, and situated opposite Ballymena Castle, is a very remarkable moat rising from the brink of the river to a great height, and now covered with a plantation.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 60

49. Standing stones and cromlech remains near Drung

    Drung · townland · Donegal

    Near Drung in the Moville district of County Donegal, eight upright stones stand with several others lying down, representing the remains of an ancient cromlech. These prehistoric antiquities are among the notable features of the area.

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    parish and Lower Moville form the district ; there is a chapel at Drung, and near Castle- Carey is a very neat meeting-house for Presbyterians in connexion with the General Assembly. Not far from Drung are eight upright stones, near which are several lying down, the remains of an ancient cromlech. Part of a fosse, and some terraces and remains of former mansions, are to be traced near Red and White Castles, and at Castle- Carey.

    MOWNEY, or Moony, a parish, in the union of Callan, barony of Slievardagh, county of Tipperary, and province of Munster, 4 miles (E. by S.) from Killenaule ; containing 42S inhabitants. This parish comprises 15'22 statute acres. It is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of Cashel, forming part of the union of Lismalin and the corps of the archdeaconry of Cashel ; the tithe rent-charge is £69. 4. 8.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 177

50. St. Anne's holy well and Danish raths at Killan

    Killann · townland · Wexford

    Near the village of Killan is a holy well dedicated to St. Anne, from whom the parish derives its name. The parish also contains several Danish raths.

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    the district of Templeudigan, or Killegney ; the chapel, at Grange, is a plain edifice. About 120 children are taught in the parochial schools, which are supported by subscription ; the school-house and an acre of land were given by the late Mr. Blacker. Near the village of Killan is a holy well, dedicated to St. Anne, from whom the parish takes its name. There are several Danish raths.

    KILLAN. — See Shercock.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 33

51. Station Island in Lough Derg, pilgrim penance site

    near Station Island · townland · Donegal

    Station Island lies in Lough Derg and is distinguished as the resort of pilgrims who come to perform penance. It is located in the parish of Templecarne, barony of Tyrhugh, county of Donegal.

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    STATION ISLAND, in the parish of Templecaune, union of Donegal, barony of Tyrhugh, county of Donegal, and province of Ulster ; containing 19 inhabitants. It lies in Lough Derg, and is distinguished as the resort of pilgrims to perform penance. — See Templecarne.

    STEPASIDE, a village, in the parish of Kilgobbin, union and barony of Rathdown, county of Dublin, and province of Leinster ; containing 149 inhabitants.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 298

52. St. Augustine church preserved on erection of new city

    near Derry · city · Derry

    The church of St. Augustine was the only religious house preserved when the new city of Londonderry was erected. It was repaired and used prior to the present cathedral, afterwards known as 'the Little church,' and its site is now occupied by the bishop's garden.

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    In addition to the Ecclesiastical buildings already recorded, here was a Franciscan Mendicant friary of unknown foundation, with a churchyard containing about three acres, the site of which is occupied by Abbeystreet and others ; the foundations were discovered a few years ago by some workmen, but no vestiges of any of the buildings are now remaining. The only religious house preserved on the erection of the new city was the church of St. Augustine, which was repaired, and used prior to the erection of the present cathedral, after which it was known as " the Little church ;" its site is now occupied by the bishop's garden. A small square tower was built by O'Dogherty for ODonoll, in the 15th or I6th century ; but no vestige of it can now be traced. Near the Roman Catholic chapel, outside the walls, are St. Columb's If'elts, originally three in number, and called by separate names, but of which one is dried up ; the water, though considered in remote parts of the island a specific for diseases of the eye, is here held in little repute. In the centre of St. Columb's-lane, adjacent to the wells, is .S^ Columb's Stone, on each side of which are two oval hollows artificially formed, concerning which various legends are related ; the water deposited by rain in these hollows is believed to possess a miraculous power in curing various diseases. The shutting of the gates by the apprentice boys on Dec. 7th, 1688 (O. S.), and the opening of them on Aug. l'2th following, are annually commemorated, but the ceremony has been somewhat modified since ISS^, in which year an act was passed declaring such a commemoration illegal ; they have led to the establishment of three distinct clubs of apprentice boys, under ditferent denominations. George Farquhar, the dramatic poet, was born here in 16*8; and the Rev. William Hamilton, D.D., author of " Letters concerning the Northern Coast of the County of Antrim," and other productions on natural history, who was assassinated at tlie house of Dr. Waller, at Sharon, on March 2nd, 1797, was also a native of the place. Londonderry gives the titles of Earl and !Marquess to the family of Stewart.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 106

53. St. Baithen founds Tegbaothin in Tyrconnell

    Taughboyne · parish · Donegal · 1626

    St. Baithen, a disciple and kinsman of St. Columb and his successor in the abbey of Hy, founded Tegbaothin in Tyrconnell towards the close of the sixth century. A church was later erected on the site in 1626.

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    TAUGHBOYNE, a parish, in the unions of Londonderry and Strabane, barony of Raphoe, county of Donegal, and province of Ulster, 5 miles (W. S. W.) from Londonderry, on the road to Raphoe ; containing, with the village and ancient disfranchised borough of St. Johnstown, 5782 inhabitants. St. Baithen (son of Brendan), a disciple and kinsman of St. Columb, and his successor in the abbey of Hy, founded Tegbaothin in Tyrconnell : he flourished towards the close of the sixth century. The parish comprises an area of 15,773| statute acres, including a large portion of bog : the laud is chiefly arable, and of good quality. There are some extensive slate-quarries, but the slates are small and coarse. The river Foyle, which bounds the parish on the east, is navigable for boats to St. Johnstown ; where a fair is held on Nov. 25th. The living is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of Raphoe, and in the patronage of the Marquess of Abercorn : the tithe rent-charge is £1176. 18.; and the glebe, comprising 317 acres, is valued at £260. 6. per annum. The glebe-house was originally built in 1*85, at a cost of £1313 British, and was subsequently improved at an expense of £1399 by the then incumbent. The church was erected in 1626 ; the Ecclesiastical Commissioners lately granted £268 for its repair. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish forms part of the district of Lagan, or Raymochy ; the chapel was built about 60 years since. There is a dispensary for the poor.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 318

54. St. Becan's monastery founded at Kilbeggan c.600

    Kilbeggan · town · Westmeath · 600

    A monastery was founded at Kilbeggan by St. Becan, son of Murchade, a contemporary of St. Columb, about the year 600. It later fell into decay before being rebuilt in 1200.

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    KILBEGGAN, a market and post town, a parish, and formerly a parliamentary borough, in the union of TuLLAMORE, barony of Moycashel, county of West- Meath, and province of Leinster, 15 miles (E. by S.) from Athloue, and 44^ miles (W.) from Dublin ; on the river Brosna and the road from Dublin to Athlone ; containing 41S6 inhabitants, of whom 1910 are in the town. A monastery was founded here by St. Becan, son of Murchade, a contemporary of St. Columb, about the year 600. In 972, a sanguinary battle was fought between the Irish and Danes, at a ford on the river, near the present bridge, since called Aghnaccan, or the " Ford of Heads," from the numbers of the slain that floated down the river. In 1200, the monastery, which bad fallen into decay, was rebuilt by the family of Dalton, and dedicated to the Blessed Virgin ; and some Cistercian monks, from the abbey of Mellifont, were placed in it. After its dissolution, the house and its possessions, which were very extensive, were granted to the Lambart family, of whom Sir Oliver, afterwards Lord Lambart, in 1 606, obtained for the town the grant of a weekly market and an annual fair. In I6l2, James I. gave the inhabitants a charter ; and in 1620, Charles, son of Oliver, Lord Lambart, procured a grant of two additional fairs. During the disturbances of 179S, a party of insurgents was defeated near the town, after an obstinate engagement, by Colonel Blake, at the head of his regiment of Northumberland militia.

    The TOWN contains 372 houses, of which nearly onehalf are neatly built and slated. It is improving ; and a branch from the Grand Canal, which was recently cut to it, holds out prospects of the increase of its trade. There are a large distillery, a brewery, and two mills for flour and oatmeal, one of them extensive ; also a manufactory for tobacco and snuff. The market is on Saturday, and is a considerable mart for butter : fairs for live stock are held on March 25th, June I6th, Aug. 15th, and Oct. 28th. The market-house is a neat plain 19

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 14

55. St. Bolcan's monastery and ancient forts at Kilcooley

    Kilcooley · townland · Roscommon

    A monastery was founded at Kilcooley in Roscommon by St. Bolcan, or Olcan, at an unknown date. Some remains of ancient forts also survive in the parish.

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    KILCOOLEY, or Kilhooly, a parish, in the barony, union, and county of Roscommon, and province of CoNNAVGHT, 4 m'iles (S. W. byW.) from Strokestown, on the road to Frenchpark ; containing 2005 inhabitants. This parish comprises 3476 statute acres, and is principally under tillage, with some good grazing-land ; it is in a good state of cultivation, and there is no waste, and but a small quantity of bog. Limestone of very fair quality is quarried both for agricultural purposes and for building. Petty-sessions are held every Wednesday. The parish is in the diocese of Elphin ; the rectory forms the corps of the prebend of Kilcooley in the cathedral of Elphin, and the vicarage is part of the union of Ardclare : the tithe rent-charge is £S4. 11. 10., the whole payable to the incumbent, onehalf as prebendary and the other as vicar. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish is the head of a district, comprising also the parishes of Killuken and Ogulla, and containing two chapels ; that of Kilcooley is on the townland of Cloncullane. A monastery was founded here by St. Bolcan, or Olcan, but at what period is unknown ; and there are some remains of ancient forts.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 16

56. St. Boyne's Cross at Monasterboice

    Monasterboice · townland · Louth

    Monasterboice is the site of two ancient stone crosses, one known as St. Boyne's, described as among the largest, most ancient, and richly decorated crosses in Ireland.

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    Ballinahatncy, near Duiuialk ; circles and a cromlech on Killin hill ; a fine cromlech at Ballymuscanlan ; and a large cairn on Carrick-Brant. At Uullrighan has heen discovered a curious artificial cave ; and near Killin hill is the extraordinary tort called Faiths iia ain eighe, or " the one night's work." The most ancient mounds appear to be the ordinary tumuli, such as are seen between Dundalk and Drogheda ; in which latter vicinity is a very celebrated structure, at Grange. Next in date are those encompassed with a deep trench, and generally met with in the neighbourhood of some old castle or place of note ; such as those of Castle Guard at Ardee, Greencastle near Castle-Bcllingham, and at Killany. Some mounts have a square redoubt, or other works, attached to the main encircling trench ; as at Castletown. Besides those above mentioned, the places where camps of different kinds occur are, near Ballinahatncy plain; Mount Albani, about two miles from Dundalk : Rosskiigh, near Carrick-Brant, on the banks of the Dundugan river ; Mount Ash, near Louth ; a Danish fort, near Dunlecr ; another at Castletown, near Dundalk ; a round fort at Louth ; Castle Ring, near the same place ; Faughart, to the north of Dundalk ; Mount Bagnal ; and a Danish fort near Castle-Bellingham. A fine round tower is still standing at Monasterboice, and part of another at Dromiskin. The number of religious houses that existed in the county is no less than '23 : there are still remains of those of Carlingford, where the ruined buildings are very interesting ; Faughart, where the vestiges consist of St. Bridget's stone and pillar ; Mellifont, the abbey of which place was very sumptuous; and Monasterboice, where are two crosses, one of which, called St. Boyne's, is among the largest, most ancient, and richly decorated in Ireland. Of the numerous ancient castles, there are remains of those of Haynstown (three miles from Dundalk), Miltown, Killincoole, Darver, Carlingford, Castle- Roche, Dungooly, Rood's-town, Baling (near the northern shore of Dundalk bay), Dunmahan, Glass- Pistol (near Termoufechan), Clonniore, Rath (three miles from Carlingford), Ardee, Termoufechan, Ballrighan (two miles west of Dundalk), and Castletown. All of these, together with the chief modern mansions of the nobility and gentry, are particularly described in their respective parishes. A great number of ornaments of pure gold, swords, spears, axes of bronze, and other relics of antiquity, have been found in various places ; and in the summer of 1835 a very large head ornament and fibula of pure gold were found near Monasterboice.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 114

57. St. Brendan's well in Killian parish

    Killian · townland · Galway

    In the parish of Killian, County Galway, one of the principal seats is called St. Brendan's, taking its name from a well dedicated to that saint. The parish also contains a small Carmelite friary at Togherger.

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    KILLIAN, or Killyan, a parish, in the union of Ballinasloe, barony of Killian, county of Galway, and province of Conxaigbt, 4 miles (N. E.) from Caltra, and on the road from Roscommon to Mount- Bellew; containing 56*1 inhabitants. It comprises 13,565 statute acres, including a considerable quantity of bog, which, when reclaimed, forms moderately good land. The principal seats arc Killyan, Kentstown, Riversdale, Ballybane, and St. Brendan'.-?, which takes its name from a well dedicated to that saint. The village of Ballinamore, on the river Shiven, in this parish, has a daily post to Ahascragh, and a fair on the 21st of August. The living is a vicarage, in the diocese of Elphin, episcopally united, in 1811, to the vicarage of Killararan, and in the patronage of the Bishop ; the rectory is impropriate in the representatives of Lord Kingsland. The tithe rent-charge of the parish is £129, which is equally divided between the impropriators and the vicar ; and the entire rent-charge of the vicarial benefice is £120. There is no church ; divine service is performed once on Sundays in the police barrack of Ballinamore. In the Roman Catholic divisions this parish is the head of a district, comprising also part of Kilronan, and containing a chapel in each : there is a small Carmelite friary at Togherger.

    KILLIANE, county of Galw-.vy. — See Killane.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 39

58. St. Breoch's chapel ruins at Rosslare

    Rosslare · town · Wexford

    The ruins of an ancient chapel at Rosslare, called St. Breoch's or St. Bridget's, were taken down some years before the time of writing. The ruins of the parish church also still existed.

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    In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish is part of the district of Tagoat, and has a neat chapel at that village, uhlch see. A school-house was erected, and the school for a time supported as a seminary for literary instruction, by Mr. Boyd, aided by the subscriptions of some other gentlemen ; it is now used solely as a place for teaching needlework. The ruins of the church still exist : those of an ancient chapel at Rosslare, called St. Breoch's, or St. Bridget's, were taken down some years since.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 265

59. St. Bridget's 'Fire house' chapel, Kildare

    Kildare · town · Kildare

    A remaining portion of the chapel of St. Bridget, called 'the Fire house,' stands a few yards from the cathedral. It is described as a low and narrow stone cell in which the sacred fire was preserved.

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    diocese is 85, comprised in 41 benefices, of which 20 are unions of two or more parishes, and '21 single parishes : 1'2 benefices are in the patronage of the Crown, 10 in lay and Corporation patronage, 4 in joint or alternate presentation, and the remainder in the patronage of the Bishop or Incumbents. The total number of churches is 38, and of glebe-houses 19. The quantity of land belonging to the see is 91 1 acres ; and the gross revenue of the bishop, including the preceptory of TuUy and the deanery of Christ Church, on an average of three years ending Dec. 31st, 1831, amounted to £6451. 13. The CATHEDRAL, dedicated to St. Bridget, was nearly destroyed in the parliamentary war, and the choir is now the only part kept in repair. The walls of the nave still remain, presenting some plain pointed arches, and those of the south transept are entire ; but the north side of the tower, which rose between the nave and choir, is levelled with the ground. The choir, which is also the parochial church, has no interesting details; the south transept contains the sepulchral vault of th;- earls of Kildare. In the churchyard is a remarkable stone, reputed to be the pedestal of an ancient stone cross, but by some considered, and with an appearance of probability, to be the altar on which the " holy fire" was kept burning ; in the surrounding walls are numerous fragments of sculptured monuments, removed from the interior of the cathedral, and of which several are curious both from their subjects and their execution. A few yards distant is a remaining portion of the chapel of St. Bridget, called " the Fire house," a low and narrow stone cell in which the sacred fire was preserved. There is neither chapter-house nor episcopal palace, nor are there residences for any of the dignitaries. In the Roman Catholic divisions the diocese is united with that of Leighlin, together forming one of the tliree suffragan dioceses to the archiepiscopal see of Dublin : the joint diocese comprises 46 parochial benefices or unions, containing 110 chapels served by 108 clergymen, of whom 46, including the bishop, are parish priests, and 6'2 coadjutors or curates. The parochial benefice of the bishop is Carlow, near which is his residence, Braganza House. The cathedral, in Carlow, built during the prelacy of the Right Rev. Dr. Doyle, and chiefly through his exertions, is an edifice of much architectural elegance.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 21

60. St. Bridget's monastery founded at Kildare

    Kildare · town · Kildare · 400–499

    Kildare derived its name from 'Cille-dara' or 'Kilt-dara,' referring to oaks among which the first Christian church was built. St. Bridget, daughter of a native Irish chieftain, founded a monastery for both monks and nuns in the fifth century, reputedly receiving the veil from St. Patrick. This foundation led to the town's growth and its eventual status as an episcopal see.

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    of oaks," or from Kilt-dara, "the cell or church of the oaks," on account of the situation of the first Christian church founded here among trees of that kind. The source of its ancient importance appears to have been the foundation of a monastery by St. Bridget, the daughter of a native Irish chieftain, who in the fifth century is said to have received the veil from the hands of St. Patrick. This monastery, which was both for monks and nuns under the same roof, and had only one church, soon caused other habitations to be erected on the spot, which, on its being subsequently made the seat of an episcopal see, became a town of importance. It is recorded that, in 638, Aed Dubh, or Black Hugh, King of Leinster, resigned his authority, and took the habit of the Augustine order in this monastery, of which he afterwards became abbot and bishop. The town and monastery were consumed by fire in 770, and again about four years after ; and in 830 they suffered greatly from the depredation of Ceallaeh Mac Brann, who slew many of the clergy in their own house. Farannan, abbot of Armagh, attended by a retinue of his clergj', visited the abbey in 835 ; and during his stay, Fethlemid, at the head of an armed force, seized the church and carried off the clergy prisoners. In the following year, a Danish fleet of thirty ships arrived in the river Liffey, and another also in the Boyne, and, making an irruption into the country, not only plundered every church and abbey within the territories of Magh-Liffe and Magh-Breagh, but also destroyed the town with fire and sword, and carried away the shrines of St. Bridget and St. Conlaeth.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 20