A topographical dictionary of Ireland : comprising the several counties; cities; boroughs; corporate, market and post towns; parishes; and villages, with historical and statistical descriptions embellished with engravings of the arms of the cities, bishopricks, corporate towns, and boroughs ; and of the seals of the several municipal corporations .. (vol. 2)

Each story keeps the passage it was read from. Open one to read it as the scan has it, and, where the companion has written its own telling, that too. The passages are read off photographs of the page by machine, so a word here and there comes out wrong; they are kept as the reading produced them, so you can check any of them against the scan.

1. Sir Henry Davels assassinated at Tralee, 1579

   Tralee · town · Kerry · 1579

   Sir Henry Davels, sent by the lord-deputy to summon the Earl of Desmond against the Spaniards who had landed at Smerwick, was assassinated at Tralee on his return by Sir John Desmond, a relation of the earl.

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   TRALEE, a borough, assize, sea-port, market, and post town, a parish, and the head of a union, in the barony of Trughenackmy, county of Kerry, and province of MuNSTER, 584: miles (W. N. W.) from Cork, and 151 (S. W. by W.) from Dublin ; containing 1'2,534 inhabitants, of whom 10,590 are in the town, which extends into the parish of Ratass and contains altogether 11,363 inhabitants. Its ancient name, Traleigh, "the Strand of the Leigh," is derived from its situation near the point at which the river Leigh or Lee discharges itself into the broad sandy bay of Tralee ; this river, though apparently so insignificant as to be covered over during its course through the town, is occasionally so much swelled by the winter torrents from the mountains as to cause much inconvenience, and at times damage, to the inhabitants. The first historical notice of the place is the record of the foundation of a Dominican monastery, in \'2\3, by John Fitz-Thomas of the Geraldine family, who, having been slain with his son Maurice and many of his followers in the battle waged at Callan against M'^Carthy More, was interred in it. In 13'25, Maurice Fitz-Maurice, fourth lord of Kerry, slew Dermot M<^Carthy here in the presence of the judge of assize, for which act he was severely punished. In 15/6, the great Earl of Desmond, who claimed that his palatinate should not be amenable to the jurisdiction of the king's judges, having in vain endeavoured to prevent Sir William Drury, then lord-justice, from holding the assizes at Tralee, invited him to his castle, where he met him peaceably attended by a large body of his followers. The lord-justice seeing them advancing towards him in military order, unjustly suspected treachery and ordered his attendants to charge, upon which Desmond and his men fled with the greatest precipitation, leaving the countess to explain the cause of the alarm. In 1579, Sir Henry Davels, who had been sent out by the lord-deputy to summon the Earl of Desmond to join him with his forces against the Spaniards, who had lauded at Smerwick, on his return from this mission was assassinated at Tralee by Sir John Desmond, a relation of the carl. In 1600, Sir Charles Wilmot here routed a party of the Irish with considerable slaughter. At the breaking out of the war of 1641, all the English families in and about Tralee took shelter in the castle belonging to Sir Henry Denny, to whom it had been granted after the death of the Earl of Desmond and the forfeiture of his property. Sir Edward assembled all his tenants for its defence ; but being ordered away on another duty he left the new-comers to their own resources, which they exerted so effectually that they kept the besiegers at bay for six months, until, being worn out with fatigue and hunger, and discouraged by the 594

   Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 348

2. Sir Henry Sidney subdivides Connaught in 1565

   Boyle · town · Roscommon · 1565

   In 1565 Sir Henry Sidney subdivided Connaught according to its present arrangement, giving the country its existing limits. The Mac Dermots' country became the barony of Boyle, O'Conor Don's became Ballintobber, O'Conor Roe's became Roscommon, and the O'Kellys' became Athlone and the half barony of Moycarnon.

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   Roscommon was included in the grant of Connaught made by Henry III. to Richard de Burgo or Bourke, with the e.xception of five cantreds reserved to the crown adjacent to the castle of Athlone ; Edward I., in the 13th year of his reign, granted to Thomas de Clare and Geoffry de Conobyll " the king's waste lands in Connaught, in the region of Roscoman. " That the de Burgos held possessions here, also appears from Richard de Burgo assembling his forces at Roscommon, to oppose Edward Bruce; he was joined by Felim O'Conor, and the united forces took their route by Athlone. The latter chieftain, however, subsequently taking part with Bruce, encountered the Anglo-Normans at Athenry, on which occasion the power of the O'Conor sept received an irrecoverable shock. The possessions of the de Burgos became vested in the English crown, through the marriage of the daughter and heir of William, the last earl of Ulster of this name, with the Duke of Clarence ; but the native septs appear to have resumed almost entire possession of Roscommon until the reign of Elizabeth. The O'Conors of Roscommon were divided into the families of O Conor Ruadh or Roe, "the Red," and O'Conor Dhunne or Don, "the dark or brown," from two rival chieftains thus distinguished by the colour of their hair, who were generally at war with one another ; the chief seat of one was Ballynafad Castle, and of the other that of Ballintobber. In 156.5, Connaught was subdivided according to its present arrangement by Sir Henry Sidney, lord-deputy, when the country acquired its existing limits. The country of the Mac Dermots was named the barony of Boyle : that of O'Conor Don formed the barony of Ballintobber ; that of O'Conor Roe, the barony of Roscommon ; and that of the O'Kellys, the barony of Athlone and the half barony of Moycarnon. The principal castles were, those of Athlone, Roscommon, and St. John (the last in ruins), all belonging to the Queen ; and that of Ballintobber, belonging to O'Conor Don.

   Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 258

3. Sir Henry Sydney's magnificent receptions in Limerick

   Limerick · city · Limerick · 1565–1576

   Lord-Deputy Sir Henry Sydney visited Limerick in 1565, 1569, and 1576, and reported being received with greater magnificence than he had hitherto experienced in Ireland. At this period Limerick was described as well and substantially built with walls extending about three miles in circuit.

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   In the reign of Henry VII. the city recovered some degree of prosperity ; in 15'24 it was harassed by the open hostilities, both by sea and land, resulting from the commercial jealousies between it and Galwaj', but these were at length terminated by a formal treaty, and by an injunction from the king, in 1536, requiring a better demeanour from the men of Galway. In the reign of Henry VIII., Alderman Sexton, of this city, took a distinguished part in favour of the British interest. In 1542, the proclamation declaring Henry king of Ireland was received with demonstrations of the greatest joy, and in the following year Sir Anthony St. Leger held a parliament here, in which divers important acts were passed. Towards the close of Mary's reign, the Lord-Deputy Sussex arrived in the city to suppress a revolt of some inferior branches of the O'Brien family against their chief, on which occasion the Earl of Thomond and all the freeholders of his country swore fealty to the crown of England. During the entire reign of Elizabeth, and throughout the wars that devastated the whole surrounding province, Limerick maintained the most unshaken loyalty, and was made a centre of civil and military administration. Sir Henry Sydney, lord-deputy, who visited it in 156;, in 1569, and in 1576, states that he was received here with greater magnificence than he had hitherto experienced in Ireland. At this period Limerick is described as a place well and substantially built, ■with walls extending round a circuit of about three miles.

   Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 75

4. Sir Hugh Montgomery's church converted to court-house

   near Newtownards · town · Down

   The church built by Sir Hugh Montgomery in Newtownards was converted into a court-house, recently fitted up by the Marquis of Londonderry, and used for holding the county sessions.

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   By the charter of James I. the corporation consisted, until its dissolution in 1840, of a provost, twelve free burgesses, and an indefinite number of freemen, assisted by two serjeants-at-mace. The provost, who was also judge of the borough court of record, and clerk-ofthe-market, was to be chosen annually from the free burgesses on the festival of St. John the Baptist, and sworn into office on that of St. Michael ; the free burgesses, as vacancies occurred, were to be chosen from the freemen by the provost and a majority of their own body, by whom also the freemen were admitted by favour only ; and the serjeants-at-mace were appointed by the corporati(m. The public business was transacted by a " Quarter court," consisting of 23 inhabitants, who were summoned and sworn by the provost as grand jurors ; they acted as a court leet in the election of various officers under the corporation, and exercised the power of presentment to be levied on the borough for various purposes. This court, which from its name would appear to have been once held quarterly, was for some time prior to 1S40 held annually, before the provost, between Michaelmas and Christmas. The corporation, under their charter, continued to return two members to the Irish parliament till the Union, when the borough was disfranchised. The borough court of record, which had jurisdiction to the amout of five marks, has long been discontinued. The provost was for some time prior to 1840 either re-elected annually, or, being once elected, continued to hold his office for life ; the burgesses were no longer chosen from the resident freemen, nor had the corporation, since 1821, exercised any municipal functions, except the holding of the Quarter court by the provost. In 1842 the inhabitants adopted the provisions of the act 9th George IV., cap. 82, for Lighting and Watching. A manor court is held before a seneschal appointed by the Marquis of Londonderry, every third Saturday, for the recovery of debts not exceeding £10 ; and a court leet annually, at which various officers are appointed for the manor, and also a constable for the borough, whose sole duty it is to assist in preserving the peace. The general-sessions for the county are held here, in June and December, before the assistant b::rrister for the division of Downpatrick ; petty-sessions are held on the first and third Saturdays in every month, and a constabulary police force is stationed in the town. The church, built by Sir Hugh Montgomery, has been converted into a court-house, recently fitted up by the Marquis of Londonderry, and in which the sessions are held. The town-hall, for the transaction of the town business, is a handsome structure in the Grecian-Doric style, erected in 1*70 by the first Marquis of Londonderry: it is surmounted by a cupola containing a clock, beneath which is the entrance into an area leading through the centre, on one side.^f which is the flesh-market, and on the other a weigh-house and other requisite offices and stores ; above is an elegant suite of assembly-rooms, with other apartments, in which the members of the Down hunt hold meetings. A stone cross of octagonal form, decorated with canopied niches, was built by the late corporation in the centre of the town, to replace the ancient cross destroyed by the insurgents in 1^41. 39-

   Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 213

5. Sir James Hutchinson's tomb at Killashee

   Killashee and Aghakeeran · townland · Longford

   Lady Hutchinson bequeathed five pounds annually for the repair of Sir James Hutchinson's tomb in Killashee parish, with any surplus distributed among the poor.

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   STER, 4 miles (E. N. li.) from Lancsborougli, and on the road from Longford to Roscommon ; containing, with the parish of Clonodonnell, 4491 inhabitants, of whom 359 are in the village. It comprises 4615 statute acres of profitable land, besides about 9605 of bog and waste land ; the total area is 14,427 statute acres, including 207 under water. Agriculture is in a backward state ; there is an abundance of limestone, which is used for manure and for building. The village comprises 61 houses ; it is a constabulary police station, and has petty-sessions on alternate Mondays, and fairs on the second Monday in March, May 26th, Sept. 29th, and the first 'Wednesday in December. The Shannon and the Royal Canal pass in the vicinity. Killashee is a vicarage, in the diocese of Ardagh, united by act of council in 1781 to the rectory and vicarage of Cbmodonnell, and in the patronage of the Bishop ; the rectory is partly appropriate to the bishopric and partly to the vicarage. The tithe rent-charge of the parish is £137. I 1., of which £26. 3. 5. are payable to the bishop, and the remainder to the vicar ; the entire tithe of the benefice of the incumbent is £149- 15. 7. The church has been rebuilt, partly by a grant from the Ecclesiastical Commissioners. The glebe-house has two glebes, comprising 167 acres, besides a glebe of 19 acres in Clonodonnell. In the Roman Catholic divisions this parish is the head of a union or district corresponding with that of the Established Church, and having a chapel at Killashee and one at Clondra. There is also a place of worship for Primitive Methodists. The parochial school is on Erasmus Smith's foundation, the trustees of which contributed to the expense of building the school-house ; about 100 children are educated. Lady Hutchinson bequeathed £5 annually for the repair of Sir James Hutchinson's tomb, the surplus of which is distributed among the poor. Here are a subterraneous stream, and a large cave ; and at Ballynakill are the ruins of a church, with a burying-ground attached.

   Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 36

6. Sir John Birmingham's victory near Dundalk

   Dundalk · town · Louth

   Sir John Birmingham defeated a Scottish army near Dundalk during the reign of Edward II and was created Earl of Louth, but was shortly after slain in an insurrection of his own people in the county, causing the title to become extinct.

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   Sir John Birmingham, in reward of his victory over the Scottish army near Dundalk, in the reign of Edward IL, was created Earl of Louth ; but being shortly after slain in an insurrection of his own people in this county, the title became extinct. In 1.541, Henry VIII. created Sir Oliver Plunkett Baron Louth, which title is at present enjoyed by his descendants. Oriel, the ancient name of the district, gives the title of Baron to Viscount Ferrard, of CoUon.

   LOUTH, a post-town and parish, in the union of Dundalk, partly in the baronies of Ardee and Upper Dundalk, but chiefly in the barony of Louth, county of Louth, and province of Leinster, 5^ miles (W.) from Dundalk. on the road to Kingscourt, and 39^ (N. by W.) from Dublin ; containing 9647 inhabitants, of 283

   Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 114

7. Sir John Craven Garden granted ground for Templemore town

   Templemore · town · Tipperary

   Templemore town owes its improved condition to the late proprietor Sir John Craven Garden, who granted the ground on which the town stands at a nominal rent and under whose auspices the public buildings were erected. The town is clean, well built, modern, and approached by handsome avenues of ash-trees.

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   county of Tipperary, and province of Mdnster, 31 miles (N. by W.) from Clonmel, and 65 (S. W.) from Dublin ; on the road from Athlone to Cork, on that from Cashel to Roscrea, and near a branch of the river Suir ; containing 5966 inhabitants, of whom 3685 are in the town. It is supposed that this place originated in its being a station of the Knights Templars, who were settled in the castle. The parish contains S47'2 statute acres, including about 700 acres of good land the property of the Provost and Fellows of Trinity College, Dublin : agriculture has much improved of late years, and the parish has in it some of the finest pasture and meadow land. The limestone-quarries here are very good, affording blocks of 20 feet, if required. The manor courts have been discontinued ; but petty-sessions are held every Thursday in the court or market house, a handsome decorated building in the centre of the town. Fairs are held in Jan., March, May, June, July, Sept., Oct., and Dec, for cattle, sheep, pigs, wool, &c. ; they are considered the best in the county. Templemore is remarkably healthy, and well supplied with water and fuel : every encouragement is given by the proprietor to induce the inhabitants to adopt improvements. The town is clean, well built, and modern ; it is approached on all sides by handsome avenues of ash-trees, and owes its very improved condition to the exertions of the late proprietor. Sir John Craven Garden, Bart, (father of the present proprietor), who granted the ground on which it stands, at a nominal rent, and under whose auspices the public buildings were erected. It contains extensive infantry barracks, with accommodations for 54 officers, 1500 men, and 30 horses, and an hospital attached for SO patients ; a bridewell ; a fever hospital ; and a dispensary.

   Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 324

8. Sir John Desmond's flight to Rathkeale, 1579

   Rathkeale · town · Limerick · 1579

   After the battle of Monasteruenagh in 1579, fought between Sir Nicholas Malby and Sir John Desmond, the latter fled to Rathkeale. He was pursued there and forced to retreat to Askeaton, where he was again defeated by Sir George Carew.

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   RATHKEALE, properly Rakele, a market and post town, a parish, and the head of a union, in the barony of Lower Connello, county of Limerick, and province of Munster, 14 miles (S. W. by W.) from Limerick, and 108 (S. W.) from Dubhn ; containing 8293 inhabitants, of whom 4201 are in the town. It was a place of importance at a very early period, being the site of a priory of Augustinian canons of the order of Aroasia, founded, and endowed with twelve marks annually, by Gilbert Harvey in 1289, and further endowed by Eleanor Purcell, a descendant of Harvey, who also caused it to be dedicated to the Blessed Virgin Mary. The town and neighbouring district formed part of the possessions of the earls of Desmond, who had three strong castles in the town, one of which was intended to guard the passage of the Deel. After the battle of Monasteruenagh, fought in 1579 between Sir Nich. Malby and Sir John Desmond, the latter fled to this place, whither he was pursued, and whence he was forced to retreat to Askeaton, where he was again defeated by Sir Geo. Carew. On the landing of the Spaniards at Smerwick, in 1580, the queen's forces, commanded by the Lord- Deputy Grey, the Earl of Ormonde, and others, assembled here ; and ou the lord-

   HATH

   Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 250

9. Sir John Norris fortress at Mountnorris

   Mountnorris · townland · Armagh

   Mountnorris derives its name from an important fortress erected in the reign of Elizabeth by Sir John Norris to protect the pass between Armagh and Newry. The fortress guarded a strategic route through the morass.

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   MOUNT-NORRIS, or Port-Norris, a village, in the parish of Locghgilly, union of Newry, barony of Lower Orior, county of Armagh, and province of Ulster, 3| miles (S. S. E.) from Markethill ; containing about 300 inhabitants. The village is situated at the southern extremity of a morass, now drained, extending from Poyntz-Pass, a distance of five miles : it derives its name from an important fortress erected in the reign of Elizabeth by Sir John Norris, to protect the pass between Armagh and Newry ; and, on the plantation of Ulster by James 1., received a charter of incorporati(m, and a grant of 300 acres of land. In the reign of Charles I. the castle was one of the strongest fortresses in this part of the kingdom. That monarch conveyed to Primate Ussher six townlands, comprising 1514 acres, for the purpose of founding a college here for the classical education of Protestants ; this college was afterwards founded in Armagh, which was considered a more eligible situation : the income arising from the lands is £1337 per annum. The village contains about 40 houses, mostly well built ; and has a sub-post office, and a place of worship for dissenters. Fairs are held on the second Monday in every month, for the sale of live stock, and are well attended.

   MOUNT-NUGENT, or Dalysbridge, a village or post-town, in the parish of Kilbride, union of Oldcastle, barony of Clonmahon, county of Cavan, and province of Ulster, 11 miles (S. S. E.) from Cavan, and 358

   Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 173

10. Sir John Perrot compels Roscommon chiefs to surrender territories, 1584

    Roscommon · town · Roscommon · 1584–1585

    In 1584 Lord-deputy Sir John Perrot compelled the native chiefs to resign their territories to the crown, execute indentures of submission, and receive re-grants under English common law. Both O'Conor septs maintained allegiance to Elizabeth, and O'Conor Don represented the new county in parliament in 1585.

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    Sir John Perrot, lord-deputy, compelled the native chiefs, in 1.584, to resign their territories into the hands of the crown, to execute indentures of submission, and to receive re-grants, whereby their estates were to descend in future according to the rules of the common law of England. Both the septs of O'Conor firmly maintained their allegiance to Elizabeth ; and O'Conor Don, who had been knighted by her, represented the new county in parliament in 1 585. When the Earl of Strafford, in the reign of Charles I., adopted the project of subverting the titles of all the proprietors of Connaught, he adduced legal objections against their indentures with Sir John Perrot, and against every grant and other document produced ; and attending the Commissioners of Plantation in person, he began with Roscommon in the execution of his plans. The commission 478

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 258

11. Sir Oliver Plunkett created Baron Louth, 1541

    Louth · town · Louth · 1541

    Henry VIII created Sir Oliver Plunkett Baron Louth in 1541, a title still enjoyed by his descendants at the time of writing.

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    Sir John Birmingham, in reward of his victory over the Scottish army near Dundalk, in the reign of Edward IL, was created Earl of Louth ; but being shortly after slain in an insurrection of his own people in this county, the title became extinct. In 1.541, Henry VIII. created Sir Oliver Plunkett Baron Louth, which title is at present enjoyed by his descendants. Oriel, the ancient name of the district, gives the title of Baron to Viscount Ferrard, of CoUon.

    LOUTH, a post-town and parish, in the union of Dundalk, partly in the baronies of Ardee and Upper Dundalk, but chiefly in the barony of Louth, county of Louth, and province of Leinster, 5^ miles (W.) from Dundalk. on the road to Kingscourt, and 39^ (N. by W.) from Dublin ; containing 9647 inhabitants, of 283

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 114

12. Sir Oliver St. John rebuilt castle and founded Tanderagee

    near Tandragee · town · Armagh · 1610–1611

    On the plantation of Ulster, James I granted the forfeited lands to Sir Oliver St. John, who rebuilt the castle and laid the foundation of the present town, peopling it with English inhabitants.

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    TANDERAGEE, or Tawnatelee, a market and post town, in the parish of Ballymore, union of Banbridge, barony of Lower Orior, county of Armagh, and province of Ulster, 4^ miles (X. W.) from Loughbrickland; containing 1562 inhabitants. This town appears to owe its origin to the erection of a baronial castle here by the O'Hanlons, proprietors of the surrounding territory, on whose participation in the Earl of Tyrone's rebellion, in the reign of Elizabeth, the estates became forfeited to the crown. On the plantation of Ulster the lands were granted by James I., in the Sth year of his reign, to Sir Oliver St. John, who rebuilt the castle and laid the foundation of the present town, which he peopled with English inhabitants. Sir Oliver, in 1622, also built the church, which afterwards became the parish church of Ballymore ; and it appears to have been the intention of the king to make the town a free borough, and to incorporate the inhabitants ; but this design was never carried into effect ; the only privileges they received were a market, fairs, and courts leet and baron. The town is beautifully situated in a richly cultivated part of the country, on the confines of the county of Down ; within a mile of the Newry canal, which opens a communication between Newry and Belfast ; and on the estate of the Duke of Manchester. It consists of two principal and three smaller streets, and contains 294 houses, most of which are handsome and well built. Its general appearance is prepossessing ; and as seen from a distance, ascending from a beautiful vale, through which the river Cusher winds between lofty banks richly wooded at one extremity, the demesne of Tanderagee crowning the other, the town forms a strikingly picturesque feature in the landscape.

    The linen manufacture is carried on extensively in all its various branches ; there are two large establishments in the town, and one at Derryallen, in all which linens, sheetings, damasks, diapers, drills, and other articles.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 314

13. Sir Phelim O'Nial marches against castle of Omagh, 1641

    near Omagh · town · Tyrone · 1641

    Shortly after the commencement of the 1641 war, Sir Phelim O'Nial marched against the castle of Omagh. The castle surrendered immediately and thereby escaped the sufferings inflicted on other places in the county that resisted more vigorously.

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    On the plantation of Ulster in 1609, the town, with its surrounding district, was granted to Lord Castlehaven in the following divisions ; '2000 acres at Addergoole, being Omagh and the adjoining townlands ; 2000 acres at Fintona ; 2000 at Brade ; and 3000 at Ravone. But this nobleman having neglected to erect castles and settle British subjects on the land, according to the articles of plantation, the grant reverted to the crown ; and the district of Addergoole was granted by Charles I., in 1631, to James Mervyn, Esq., under the name of the manor of Arleston or Audleston ; and the greater part of Fintona or Ballynahatty, to the same person, under the name of the manor of Touchet. Colonel Archdall, the descendant of the grantee, is now lord of the manor. In 1641, Sir Phelim O'Nial, shortly after the commencement of the war, marched against the castle of Omagh, which, by an immediate surrender, escaped the sufferings inflicted on those places in the county that made a more vigorous resistance. James II. passed through the town in the spring of 1689, on his march northward to Strabane. The garrison which he placed here was soon afterwards driven out with great slaughter, but before they evacuated the place the soldiers set it on fire and destroyed it, with the church and the castle built by Mervyn. In 17-13, the town, having been rebuilt in the intermediate period, was again destroyed by fire, two houses only escaping the flames. It was however soon rebuilt on a new plan, and has become a thriving and rapidly improving place.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 221

14. Sir Ralph Wilson declares Limerick for the king at Restoration

    Limerick · city · Limerick · 1660

    At the Restoration, Sir Ralph Wilson, the governor of Limerick, declared in favour of the king. He was shortly after succeeded by the Earl of Orrery, who was instructed to procure good English and other merchants for the city.

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    At the Restoration, Sir Ralph 'Wilson, the governor, declared in favour of the king. He was shortly after succeeded by the Earl of Orrery, who was instructed to endeavour to procure good merchants, English and

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 76

15. Sir Richard Edgecombe lands at Malahide port

    Malahide · town · Dublin · 1488

    In 1488, Sir Richard Edgecombe, sent to Ireland by Henry VII to administer oaths of allegiance following the Lambert Simnel rebellion, landed at Malahide port and was entertained at the castle.

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    MALAHIDE, a maritime post-town and a parish, in the union of Balrothery, barony of Coolock, county of Dublin, and province of Leinster, 2^ miles (E.) from Swords, and ~ miles (N.) from Dublin Castle ; containing 1339 inhabitants, of whom 664 are in the town. The manor and castle were granted in 1174, by Henry IL, to Richard Talbot, the common ancestor of the earls of Shrewsbury and lords of Malahide, who accompanied that monarch into Ireland ; and have continued in the possession of his descendants from that period to the present day, through an uninterrupted succession of male heirs. This grant was confirmed to him by John, afterwards King of England, who also conferred on hira various privileges and the advowson of the church of " MuUahide Beg," which he immediately assigned to the monks of St. Mary's Abbey, Dublin. Iu 137 '2, Thomas Talbot was summoned to parliament by the title of Lord Talbot. In 1375, the harbour of the place appears to have been of such importance that the exportation of unlicensed corn, and the departure of any of the retinue of William de Windsor, chief governor, from this port, were prohibited under severe penalties. Edward IV., in 1475, granted to the family a confirmation of the lordship, with courts leet and baron ; and appointed the lord of Malahide high admiral of the seas, with full power to hold a court of admiralty, and to determine all pleas arising either on the high seas or elsewhere within the limits of the lordship. Sir Richard Edgecombe, who was sent by Henry VII. into Ireland to administer the oath of allegiance to the nobility and chieftains after the suppression of Lambert Simnels attempt to gain the crown, landed from England at this port, in 14SS, and was entertained at the castle, and afterwards conducted by the Bishop of Meath to Dublin. In 1570, Malahide is enumerated by Hollinshed among the principal post-towns of Ireland. In the parliamentary war the castle was besieged and taken by Cromwell, who resided here for some time, during which he passed sentence of outlawry upon Thomas, Lord Talbot, and gave the castle and the manor to Miles Corbet, who retained possession of them for seven years, till, on the Restoration, the Talbot family regained their estates.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 133

16. Sir Robert Tynte tomb in Kilcredan church

    Kilcredan · townland · Cork · 1663

    Sir Robert Tynte, who died in 1663, is buried in the church of Kilcredan, three miles east of Castlemartyr, which he founded. His tomb on the south side of the communion-table bears the effigy of a recumbent knight clad in a surcoat of mail, with two kneeling female figures at the head and feet representing his two wives.

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    Of the ancient walls there are some remains on the western side of the town, where they are tolerably perfect, and three of the tenalia or flanking towers are yet standing. The gates have all been removed, except the AVater-Gate leading out t(j the quay, which is extremely dilapidated ; and the Clock-Gate, which was rebuilt iu 1777. In the north main street is Tyntes Castle, in the style of those erected in the reign of Elizabeth ; it was built in 1643, by Sir Robert Tynte, Knt., a distinguished officer in Lord Carew's army, from whom Smith relates that the Lord President was obliged to seize £4000 for the supply of his army. Sir Robert Tynte died in 1663, and lies buried in the church of Kilcredan, three miles eastward of Castlemartyr, of which he was founder : his tomb is on the south side of the communion-table ; on it is placed the effigy of a recumbent knight, clad in a surcoat of mail, while at the head and feet are two kneeling female figures, supposed to represent his two wives. At the north-eastern extremity of the parish, near the river Tohrig, are the remains of the castle of Kilnatohrig, a noble structure formerly belonging to the great Earl of Desmond. Several ancient houses are still remaining in the town, some of them having the staircases in the walls, which

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 415

17. Sir William Penn born at Macroom Castle

    Macroom · town · Cork

    Sir William Penn, a distinguished admiral and father of William Penn the founder of Pennsylvania, was born at Macroom Castle. The Macroom area also has two chalybeate springs, on the lands of Ballyvirane and Cooleanne, much used for scrofulous and leprous diseases.

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    portions of ancient military weapons, have frequently been found here ; the entrance has been closed up, to prevent accidents to the cattle. There are two chalybeate springs, one on the lands of Ballyvirane, and the other, recently discovered, on the lands of Cooleanne ; the water is similar m its properties to that of Leamington i they are both much used, and have been found efficacious in scrofulous and leprous diseases. Sir William Penn, a distinguished admiral, and father of William Penn, the founder of Pennsylvania, in America, was born at Macroom Castle.

    MACULLY, or Muckalee, a parish, partly in the barony of Iverk, but chiefly in the barony of Knock- TOPHER, county of Kilkenny, and province of Lein- STER,7 miles (S. byW.) from Knocktopher ; containing 651 inhabitants. The parish comprises 2*12 statute acres. It is a rectory, in the diocese of Ossory, and forms part of the union of Kilculliheen : the tithe rentcharge is £79. 10. 8. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish is part of the district of Slieraugh.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 124

18. Sir William Petty's chapel and iron smelting-works near Kenmare

    Kenmare · town · Kerry

    Ruins of a small chapel at Kenmare are thought to have been built by Sir William Petty for the English colony. On the east bank of the river Sheen stand the remains of iron smelting-works he established, enclosed by a wall, with bog-remains of ancient forests that supplied fuel.

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    partly by subscription, and partly by a loan of £520 from the Board of First Fruits ; it is situated on a gentle eminence, about half a mile east of the town, at the termination of a fine avenue of trees extending nearly the whole of the distance, and commands an extensive view of the Kenmare estuary and the surrounding scenery. In the Roman Catholic divisions the town is the head of a district, which includes the greater part of Kenmare and the whole of Templenoe ; the remainder is included in the district of Tuosist. The chapel in Kenraare is a spacious building, and there is another at Templenoe. A meeting-house for Wesleyau Methodists was lately erected. A large public school is partly supported by an annual contribution of £10 from the Marquess of Lansdowne, by whom the building was erected ; a school-house has also been built adjoining the new road from Glengariff to Kenmare, at the joint expepse of the marquess and the National Board. The union workhouse, standing in an elevated situation, on a site of 6 acres purchased for £93, was completed in 1S42, at a cost of £5315, and is constructed to contain 500 paupers ; it is an ornamental building about half a mile from the town. The ruins of the old church still remain ; also those of a small chapel, supposed to have been built by Sir Wm. Petty on the establishment of the English colony. Near the ferry, or Sound, arc the remains of a tower, called Cromwell's Fort ; and at Cahir was formerly a castle, the foundation only of which is now visible. There are several raths in the parish; and, near the church, the remains of a Druidical circle. On the little river Finnihy, not far from the town, are the ruins of an ancient foot-bridge, similar to that on the river Inny, in the barony of Iveragh. See Dromod. At Cahir are vestiges of a lead-mine, supposed to have been worked at some former period ; and on the east bank of the river Sheen are the remains of the iron smelting-works established by Sir Wm. Petty, consisting of a walled inclosure : the bogs abound with remains of the ancient forests from which these works were supplied with fuel. Kenmare gives the title of Earl to the family of Browne.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 6

19. Sir William Petty's English colony at Kenmare, 1670

    Kenmare · town · Kerry · 1670–1689

    Sir William Petty planted a colony of English at Kenmare in 1670 at an expense of £10,000, establishing iron-works and a fishery. In 1689 the natives attacked the settlers, who were forced to embark for England, but the colony was re-established after King William's conquests.

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    KENMARE, a post-town and parish, and the head of a union, in the barony of Glanerough, county of Kerry, and province of Munster, 30^ miles (S.) from Tralee, and I60 miles (S. W.) from Dublin, on the new road from Killarney to Glengariff; containing .")S39 inhabitants, of whom 1339 are in the town. Sir Wm. Petty, who had obtained an extensive grant of land in this district, planted a colony of English here in I67O, at an expense of £10,000; established iron-works and a fishery on a large scale; and contributed mudi to the improvement of this wild part of the country. In l6s.5, the natives began to annoy these settlers, who at first cast up an intrenchment at Killowen, which they ultimately surrendered, and after being deprived of the whole of their property they were forced to embark for England with a very small quantity of provisions. The colony, however, was re-established soon after King ■U'illiams conquests, and the fishery resumed. The TOWN, formerly called Nedeen, is situated near the north-eastern extremity of the great river, or rather bay, of Kenmare, and consists chiefly of one wide street of neat and well-built houses, from which another diverges towards the Sound. The number of houses, in 1S41, was 172 ; several of them had been just erected, in consequence of the encouragement for building given by the proprietor, the Marquess of Lansdowne. An excellent road to Killarney, through a rocky and mountainous district, was opened about '20 years since, previous to which this remote district had been almost excluded from communication with the surrounding country ; and another to Glengariff and Bantry, over the range of mountains separating the counties of Cork and Kerry, was lately completed. The latter crosses the Sound at Kenmare by a handsome suspension-bridge (to which the marquess contributed £3000), and opens a line of communication between Bantry and Killarney, commanding a succession of the most sublime and picturesque scenery. A commodious and excellent hotel in the town, and several lodging-houses near the strand, afford accommodation to the visiters resorting hither during the bathing-season, who are chiefly attracted by the romantic scenery and fine salmonfishing of the river Blackwater, which flows into the bay of Kenmare about six miles below the town. A newsroom is supported by subscription.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 5

20. Sir William Petty's iron-works at Blackstones

    Knockane · townland · Kerry · 1650–1750

    Iron-works were established by Sir William Petty and carried on until the middle of the last century, when they were discontinued for want of fuel after the neighbourhood's timber was wholly exhausted. Hops and garden roses planted by English settlers still grow wild there.

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    creased by the plantations of M'^GiUicuddy of the Reeks. The river Laune produces excellent salniDu, and the mountains abound with wild-fowl and other game. The small village of Blackstones is surrounded by rocky hills and high mountains, in the rugged crags of which the yew, holly, and arbutus grow in wild luxuriance. To the north are two considerable lakes formed by the river Cara, and inclosed by lofty mountains ; from the lower of which, the river flows into Dingle bay. Iron-works were established by Sir William Petty, and carried on till the middle of the last century, when they were discontinued for want of fuel, the timber of the neighbourhood being wholly exhausted : the hops and garden roses planted by the English settlers still grow here ii a wild state. Fairs are held at Kilgobbinett on Feb. 1 Ith and Dec. '2 1st ; the former is a great fair for pigs, which arc frequently sold to the amount of £4000. There is a police station at Beaufort, and petty-session* are held at Tuagh every month.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 60

21. Sir William Stewart's bawn and castle at Ramelton

    Rathmelton · town · Donegal · 1623

    Sir William Stewart received a grant of 1000 acres near Ramelton, County Donegal, from James I and was made a baronet in 1623. By the time of Pynnar's Survey, he had built a strong bawn with four flankers, a castle, and a town of 45 houses inhabited by British families.

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    RAMELTON, a market and post town, in the parish of AuGHNisH, union of Milford, barony of Kilma- CRENAN, county of Donegal, and province of Ulster, 19 miles (N. N. W.) from Lifford, and 123i (\. W. by N.) from Dublin ; containing 1428 inhabitants. Sir Wm. Stewart, Knt., who was much in favour with James I., became an undertaker for the plantation of escheated lands, of which he obtained a grant or patent of 1000 acres in this vicinity; and was created a baronet of Ireland in 1623. At the time of Pynnar's Survey he had built a strong bawn here, 80 feet square and 16 feet high, with four flankers, and a strong and handsome castle ; and contiguous to these he had built the town, containing 45 houses, inhabited by 57 British families ; he had also nearly completed the erection of a church : the place was then considered well situated for military defence. The town stands on the river Lenon, which here empties itself into Lough Swilly and is navigable for small vessels : it consists of three streets, containing 272 houses, and is admirably adapted for

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 242

22. Sir William Ussher drowned crossing the Dodder, 1649

    near Ringsend · street · Dublin · 1649

    In 1649, Sir William Ussher was drowned while crossing the dangerous stream of the river Dodder at Ringsend, despite being attended by many of his friends. A stone bridge was afterwards erected, but the river changed its course and rendered it useless until the stream was forced back into its former channel.

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    Along the whole of the shore are strong embankments to keep out the sea, which at high water is above the level of the town ; and similar precautions are taken to prevent inundation from the river Dodder, which frequently overflows its banks. In 1649, Sir William tfssher, though attended by many of his friends, was drowned in crossing this dangerous stream : a bridge of stone was afterwards erected ; but the river suddenly changed its course, and rendered it useless, till the stream was again forced into its former channel. In 1796, the Corporation for improving the Port of Dublin diverted the stream into a new channel, through the low grounds between Irishtown and Dublin ; and in 1802 the bridge was destroyed by a flood, and a handsome bridge of granite, of one arch, was erected, over which the road by the docks to Dublin is carried. A church for the use of the revenue officers, and of the garrison of the Pigeon-House fort, was built in Irishtown, in 1703, under an act of the 2nd of Queen Anne, on account of the distance of the parish church and the difliculty of access from the frequent inundation of the roads. It is a donative, in the diocese of Dublin, and in the patronage of the Crown, and is designated, by the 10th of George I., the " Royal chapel of St. Matthew, Ringsend." This church is kept in repair by the Board of Works : the income of the chaplain is £IS4. 12. 3., payable by warrant on the treasury. There is a Roman Catholic chapel in Irishtown, in connexion with which is a boys' school ; and in the village of Ringsend is a place of worship for Wesleyan Methodists. A day school for boys, a Sunday school, an infants' school, a dispensary, and a shop for supplying the poor with necessaries at reduced prices, are all kept in one large and neat building, erected in Irishtown in 1S32, at an expense of £800, defrayed by subscription.

    RINRAINEY, an island, in the parish of Templecrone, union of Glenties, barony of Boylagh, county of D0NEG.A.L, and province of Ulster. It lies on the northern coast, and comprises 19^ statute acres.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 258

23. Site of Sir Thomas Philips's castle at the Lodge

    near Limavady · town · Derry

    Nothing now remains of the castle built by Sir Thomas Philips. Its site is pointed out as being in the grounds and gardens of the Lodge, at the north-western extremity of the main street of Newtown-Limavady.

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    monstrant Synod : near the church is a meeting-house of the Wesleyan Methodists ; and a new Presbyterian meeting-house has been recently erected ; also a new Roman Catholic chapel, the old one at Roe mills having been taken down. The union workhouse, on a site of seven acres purchased for £708. 15., was completed in 1841 at a cost of £5982, and is constructed to contain 500 inmates. Of the castle built by Sir Thomas Philips nothing now remains : the site is pointed out as being in the grounds and gardens of the Lodge, at the northwestern extremity of the main street. The environs of the town are extremely beautiful : to the north-west is the rich vale of Myroe, extending to the shores of Lough Foyle ; to the east and north-east, the lofty range of Benyevenagh ; and to the south, the summits of Donald's Hill and Benbradagh, beneath which is spread out the vale of the Roe, with its numerous villas, mills, and bleach-greens, and the rich foliage of the oak-woods and the plantations of Roe Park.

    NEWTOWN-MOUNT-BELLEW, county of Galway. — See MoYLOUGH.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 213

24. Six annual fairs in Londonderry

    Derry · townland · Derry

    Six fairs were held annually in Londonderry, with the most important on June 17th, September 4th, and October 17th. The other three were held on March 4th, April 30th, and September 20th.

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    under sheds ; on the opposite side of tlie street is the seahng-room. The butter-market, in Waterloo-place, for butter and hides daily, and to which three weighhouses are attached ; the fish-market, off Linen-hallstreet, daily ; the potato-market, in Society-street, for potatoes and meal by retail daily, with a weigh-house attached ; and the vegetable market, off Linen-hall-street, for vegetables, poultry, and butter daily ; were all built in 1825, by the corporation, to whom the tolls of the butter and potato markets belong. The cow-market, for the sale of cows, pigs, sheep, and goats, every Wednesday, is held in a field to the south of Bishop-street, near the river, which was inclosed in 183'2 by the corporation. There are also a flax-market in Bishop-street every Thursday, and a market for yarn in Butchers'- street every Wednesday. Six fairs are held annually, but only three are of importance, namely, those on June 17th, Sept. 4th, and Oct. 17th ; the others are on March 4th, April 30th, and Sept. '20th. Custom was charged ou every article of merchandise brought into the city prior to 18'26, when it was abolished, except as regards goods conveyed over the bridge ; and in lieu thereof, the corporation instituted trespass, cranage, storage, and other dues. The post-office was established in 1784. The revenue police force usually consists of a lieutenant and twelve men ; and the constabulary, of a chief constable and twelve men. In 1845 an act was passed " for making a Railwui/ from Loiidoiiderri/ to Coleraiiie, with a branch to Newtown-Limavady :" this remarkable undertaking consists of a main line of 3'2i miles, between Londonderry (where it is to join the line from Enniskillen) and Coleraine, and a branch of nearly 6f miles to Newtown-Limavady. The grand peculiarity is, that about 19 miles of the railway and branch will run upon embankments across Lough Foyle, by which it is proposed to reclaim 18,000 acres of land from the sea ; in the remaining portion, the engineers propose to abandon part of the parliamentary plan, for the sake of obtaining a shorter and better line. The total length is 39 British miles, and the capital £500,000, with power to raise £166,000 additional by loan.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 103

25. Six corabasnas found near Slane in 1781

    Slane · town · Meath · 1781

    Six ancient instruments called corabasnas were found by persons digging in a park near Slane in 1781. The corabasna consisted of two circular brass plates connected by a spiral wire, producing a jingling noise, and was used for keeping time.

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    The most remarkable relics of antiquity of the earliest ages are two round towers, one at Kells, and the other in the churchyard of Donoughmore, near Navan. At New Grange, near Slane, is a very curious tumulus, in which is an artificial cavern of some extent and singular construction. Near Dowth are a Druidical circle and the remains of a cromlech. Vestiges of Danish monuments are very numerous ; the most remarkable is a rath near Taragh, supposed to have been the residence of the Danish king, Turgesius ; the raths of Odder, Rameven, and Ringlestown, are in the same neighbourhood : they have all been planted. Six of the ancient instruments called corabasnas were found by persons digging in a park near Slane, in 1781 : the corabasna was of a complex form, consisting of two circular plates of brass connected by a spiral wire, which produced a jingling noise when the plates were struck by the fingers ; it was used for the purpose of keeping time. Two splendid torques of pure gold were found near Taragh, in 1813, and passed into the pos- 326

    MEAT

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 149

26. Six-Mile-Bridge: lost Dominican friars' chapel

    Six-mile-bridge · town · Clare

    The town, called in Irish Abhúin O'Gearna from the river on which it sits, formerly had a chapel or vicarial house belonging to the Dominican friars of St. Saviour, Limerick, of which no vestige now remains. The town has been long declining, with its market abandoned and its market-house unroofed.

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    SIX-MILE-BRIDGE, a post-town, in the parish of KiLFiNAGHTY, barony of Lower Bunratty, union of E.N'Nis, county of Clare, and province of Munster, S miles (N. W. by W.) from Limerick, and lOlf (\V. S. W.) from Dublin, on the old mail road from Limerick to Ennis ; containing 848 inhabitants. This place is called in Irish Abhu'mn O'Gearna, from the river Gearna or Ougarnee, on which it is situated : it was formerly of some note, and had a chapel or vicarial house belonging to the Dominican friars of St. Saviour, Limerick, of which no vestige now exists. The town, which is irregularly built, in 1841 contained 160 houses. Although advantageously situated on the river Ougarnee, which flows into the Shannon at Bunratty, and is navigable thence for boats to within half a mile of the town, Sixniile-bridge has been long declining ; its market, held on Friday, has been abandoned, and the market-house, once a handsome building, is now unroofed. A large mill, formerly used for grinding corn, and since used as a paper-mill, has lately been discontinued ; as have some mills below the town for several years. A fair held on Dec. 5th for store and fat cattle is much frequented by provision-merchants from Cork and Limerick. General sessions are held here in June ; petty-sessions occasionally on Tuesdays ; and a seneschal's court usually once in six weeks, for tjie recovery of small debts. A constabulary police force is stationed in the town. The sessions-house is a commodious building, attached to which is a small but well-regulated bridewell, consisting of 5 cells, 'i day-rooms, and 2 yards. Here are the church of the Protestant union of Bunratty, and the principal Roman Catholic chapel of the district. The former is an old edifice ; the tower, being considered insecure, was taken down a few years since, and for re- VoL. II.— 513

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 280

27. Sixth-century abbey and medieval religious houses at Killeigh

    Killeigh · town · Offaly · 501–1578

    An abbey was founded at Killeigh in the 6th century, lasting until the Dissolution and granted to Gerald, Earl of Kildare in 1578. A nunnery was founded by the Warren family in the 12th century, and a Grey friars monastery was established in the reign of Edward I.

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    KILLEIGIl, a village and chapelry, and formerly a post-town, in that part of the parish of Geashill which is in the barony of Geashill, union of Tu ll.a- MORE, King's county, and province of Leinster, 9|- miles (N. W.) from Portarlington, and on the road from Dublin to Birr ; containing '262 inhabitants. An abbey was founded here in the 6th century, which e.xisted till the Dissolution, and in 1578 was granted, with its possessions, to Gerald, Earl of Kildare. A nunnery was founded by the Warren family in the l^th century, for nuns of the order of St. Augustine ; and a monastery for Grey friars was established here in the reign of Edward I., which was granted to John Allee, at the Reformation. The village contains 5'2 houses and a brewery and malting-house, and is a constabulary police station : fairs are held on July 1st and Oct. 17th. Killeigh is a chapelry in the diocese of Kildare, annexed to the benefice of Geashill, and has a large ancient chapel, partly rebuilt in 1830, at a cost of £600, raised by parochial assessment. In the Roman Catholic divisions it is in the district of Ballycane, or Geashill, and has a spacious chapel. Some remains exist of one of the religious houses, close to which is the entrance to a cave ; and there are also some remains of a rath that formerly surrounded the village. — See Geashill.

    KILLEIGHY.— See Ballykeane.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 38

28. Skeletons and possible early church at Kilmurry

    Kilmurry · townland · Cork

    Human skeletons were discovered some years prior in the demesne of Kilmurry in the parish of Leitrim, County Cork. The finding, combined with the prefix 'Kil', led to the inference that a church or monastic cell formerly existed on the site.

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    vicar. la the Roman Catholic divisions the parish also forms part of the union or district of Kilworth. In the demesne of Kilmurry was discovered, some years since, a number of human skeletons ; which circumstance, combined with the word Kil, has led to the inference that a church, or cell to some religious house, formerly existed here.

    LEITRIM, a parish, in the union of Loughrea, barony of Leitrim, county of Galway, and province of CoNNAUGHT, 8 milcs (W. N. W.) from Portumna, on the road to Loughrea; containing 1562 inhabitants. This parish, which is bounded by the Slievebaughta mountains, comprises 4098^ statute acres ; the land is in general in a profitable state of cultivation, and there is very little bog. The principal seats are Carrowkeel and Dalystown. It is a vicarage, in the diocese of Clonfert, forming part of the union of Lickmolassey ; the rectory is appropriate to the see, and the tithe rent-charge of the parish is £51. 8. 8., of which £10. 7- 9. are payable to the Ecclesiastical Commissioners, and the remainder to the vicar. There is no church, glebe-house, or glebe. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish is the head of a district, comprising also the parish of Kilcooley ; the chapel here is a neat edifice, and there is also a chapel at Kilcooley. There is a school, of which the school-house was built by the Hon. F. Ponsonby. Considerable remains exist of the castle of Leitrim, in good preservation ; and the ruins of an old chapel are attached to it, the cemetery of which is still used. Petrified cockle and muscle shells are found at Carrowkeel, which is about 18 miles distant from the sea.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 71

29. Skerries church tower added by Hans Hamilton

    Skerries · town · Dublin · 1819

    An embattled tower crowned with pinnacles was added to the church at Skerries by Hans Hamilton Esq. The parochial school-house was also erected at the expense of the Hamilton family.

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    a neat edifice, to which an embattled tower crowned with pinnacles was added, in IHI9, by Hans Hamilton, Esq., adjoins the town ; and there is also a Roman Catholic chapel, erected in 1823, a spacious and handsome edifice. There are circulating libraries in connexion with both. The parochial school-house, with apartments for the master and mistress, was erected at the expen.se of the family of Hamilton, and is near the church ; the national schools are situated in the town, in which is also a dispen-sary. On the Red Island, and on that of Shenex, are martello towers ; and on St. Patrick's Isle are some remains of an ancient church.

    SKERRY, Skirrik, or Squirre, a parish, in the union of B.\llymkn.\, barony of Lower Antrim, county of Antrim, and province of Ulster, 3 miles (.\. E.) from Ballymena ; on the river Braid, and on the roads leading respectively from Glenarra and Lame to Ballymena ; containing 5349 inhabitants. It comprises '26,176 statute acres. The surface is mountainous, and the soil varied : the lower lands are fertile and well cultivated, but in other places the ground is entirely neglected ; there are large tracts of bog producing abundance of fuel, and of waste and mountain land affording rough pasturage. The principal seats are Knockboy, Bushyfield, Nowhead, White Hall, Tullymore, Glencairn, and Claggan, a splendid hunting seat. Coal and ironstone have been discovered, but neither has been yet worked ; basalt of every description is obtained in abundance, and greenstone is found in some places. At Knockboy is an e.\tensive mill for spinning linenyarn and flax, and the weaving of linen-cloth is carried on in almost every house. An annual fair is held at Tullymore, on Nov. 17th, for cattle, horses, pigs, and pedlery.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 283

30. Skerry parish ancient church ruins with O'Neill burials

    near Skerry · parish · Antrim

    The ruins of the ancient church of Skerry parish stand on the summit of a conical hill, forming a conspicuous landmark for miles around. Many ancestors of Viscount O'Neill were interred within the ruins.

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    The ruins of the ancient church, in which were interred many of the ancestors of Viscount O'Neill, are situated on the summit of a conical hill, and form a conspicuous object for many miles round ; there are also numerous forts, raths, and artificial caverns, in the parish. It is said that small particles of gold have been found in the rills riinning from the hills where the greenstone is obtained ; and in the valley of the river Arloags, near the bridge, are some fine basaltic columns

    of four, five, six, and seven sides, exactly like tho.se of the Giants' causeway. Above the bridge, on the same stream, is a picturesque waterfall ; and about a mile from Claggan is a curious cave, formed of large stones in appearance similar to those of Druidical monuments, and from which the townland on which it is situated is supposed to have derived its name : several of the stones have been removed by the peasantry, and the plough has contributed to deface this monument of ancient times.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 283

31. Skibbereen battle of 1691 - James II forces routed

    Skibbereen · town · Cork · 1691

    In 1691 an engagement took place near Skibbereen between the forces of James II and Colonel Becher, who commanded about 500 militia. James's forces were put to flight with the loss of 60 men and a large number of cattle.

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    SKIBBEREEN, a market and post town, and the head of a poor-law union, partly in the parish of Anhevstrewry, but chiefly in that ot Creaoii, Eastern division of the barony of West C.vkbery, county of Cork, and province of Munster,42 miles (S. W.) from Cork, on the mail-road to Bantry, and 167^ (S. W.) from Dublin; containing 4715 inhabitants. In 1691, an engagement took place in the vicinity between the forces of James II. and Colonel Becher, who commanded about 500 of the militia, when the former were put to flight, with the loss of 60 men and a large number of cattle. Three years afterwards, a party of 40 Rapparees came into the town ; plundered the customhouse, which belonged to the port of Baltimore; and killed two revenue officers. The town, from its situation in a wild, uniiulosed part of the country, was frequently the rendezvous of disaffected parties; but it has been much improved of late years, and is now a very flourishing place. It is situated on the southern bank of the river Hen, and comprises seven streets ; that part which extends into the parish of Abbeystrewry is called Bridgetown, and consists of three streets, one of them recently formed. The number of houses in the whole is 753, many of which, in both parts of the town, are large and well built : the approaches have been much improved by the formation of new lines of road at each extremity.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 283

32. Skibbereen coast-guard district headquarters

    Skibbereen · town · Cork

    Skibbereen was the residence of the inspecting commander of coast-guard stations, comprising those of Milkcove, Glandore, Castle-Townsend, Barlogue, Baltimore, Long Island, Crookhaven, Dunmanus, and Whitehorse, extending from Sheep Head to Rosscarbery. The commander was subsequently moved to Castle-Townsend.

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    elevated site near the entrance to the town from Cork. There was, also, until lately, an infantry barrack ; and Skibbereen was the residence of the inspecting commander of the coast-guard stations of the district, of which it was the head, comprising those of Milkcove, Glandore, Castle-Townsend, Barlogue, Baltimore, Long Island, Crookhaven, Dunmanus, and Whitehorse, and extending from Sheep Head to Rosscarbery. The commander of the coast-guard has, however, been moved to Castle-Townsend.

    The parochial church of Abbeystrewry is situated in Bridgetown ; it is a large edifice in the early English style, with a tower at the east end, erected in 182", at an expense of fl^OO, towards which £900 were contributed by the late Board of First Fruits. The Roman Catholic chapel, situated near -the sessions-house, is a spacious and handsome edifice in the Grecian style, erected in 1826, at an expense of £3000; the interior is fitted up with great taste, and the altar, which is ornamented with a painting of the Crucifixion, is very chaste : the structure was built under the direction of the late Dr. Collins, Roman Catholic Bishop of Ross, who resided here ; and is the principal chapel of the union to which Skibbereen gives name. There are also two Wesleyan Methodist chapels. Near the Roman Catholic chapel are large school-houses, built by Dr. Collins, and now supported by the National Board. A dispensary is maintained in the customary manner. There are numerous handsome houses near the town. The union workhouse, on a site of six acres held at a rent of £9, was completed in 1841, at a cost of £7083, and is constructed for 800 inmates.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 284

33. Skibbereen porter brewery established 1809

    Skibbereen · town · Cork · 1809

    A porter brewery on an extensive scale was established in Skibbereen in 1809 and was in full operation, supplying many neighbouring towns from the establishment.

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    This place had formerly a considerable trade, arising from the manufacture of woollen-cloth, linen, checks, and handkerchiefs, which has altogether declined : it is, however, very advantageously situated for trade, in an extensive and improving district ; the tide from the harbour of Baltimore flows up to the town, and the river is navigable for vessels of '200 tons' burthen to Oldcourt, two miles below Skibbereen. In the town are capacious storehouses for corn, and a considerable quantity of flour is exported from mills on the bank of the Hen, a quarter of a mile from the town. A porter brewery upon an extensive scale was established in I8O9 ; and is in full operation, many of the neighbouring towns being supplied from the establishment. The market-days are Wednesday and Saturday, the former for the Bridgetown portion, and the latter, which is the principal market, for Staplestown. Milk, and fuel, are exposed daily in the market-place for sale. The supply of provisions is very abundant, particularly fish and poultry ; pigs and sheep are also sold in great numbers. The market-place being small, and the market-house old and inconvenient, the articles brought for sale on the regular market-days are exposed in the public streets and in a place called the Square. Fairs are held on May 14th, July 10th, Aug. Snd, Oct. l'2th, and Dec. 11th and '23rd; and petty-sessions on Wednesdays. The sessions-house and bridewell form a large and handsome building in the Grecian style, occupying an 3 U2

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 283

34. Skirmish at Kilgefin, 1795, with peasant casualties

    Kilgefin · parish · Roscommon · 1795

    In a skirmish which took place at Kilgefin in 1795, many of the peasantry were killed. The parish is bounded on the east by Slieve Bawn, a mountain supposed to contain copper and lead ores.

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    KILGEFIN, a parish, in the barony of South Bal- LiNTOBBF.B, utiion and county of Roscommon, and province of Coxnavght, 4^ miles (S.) from Stokestown, on the road from that place to Roscommon ; containing 3760 inhabitants. In a skirmish which took place here in 1795, many of the peasantry were killed. The parish comprises Co'60:J: statute acres, and is bounded on the east by Slieve Bawn, which is supposed to contain copper and lead ores. The living is a vicarage, in the diocese of Elphin, and in the patronage of the Bishop ; the rectory is impropriate in the representatives of Lord Kingsland : the tithe rent-charge is £1 19. 6. per annum, which is equally divided between the impropriator and the vicar. The church is a neat plain structure, erected in 1S24, by aid of a gift of £900 from the late Board of First Fruits. There is a glebe-house, with a glebe of 10| acres, subject to a rent. In the Roman Catholic divisions this parish is the head of a district, comprising Kilgefin, Kilbride, and Clontuskert, and containing chapels at Ballagh, Ballyleague, and Four-mile-house.

    KILGERRIL, or Kilgirdlf., a parish, in the union of Ballinasloe, partly in the barony of Kilconn'ell, but chiefly in that of Clonmacnoon, county of Galway, and province of Connaught, 3 miles (W. N. W.) from Ballinasloe, on the road from that place to Ahascragh ; containing 1443 inhabitants. This parish comprises 6S3'2| statute acres, of which a considerable portion is bog. The chief seats are Fairfield and the Lodge. Kilgerril is a vicarage, in the diocese of Clonfert, forming part of the union of Aughrim ; the rectory is appropriate to the see, the deanery, and the vicarage ; and the tithe rent-charge of the parish is £78. 4. 8. In the Roman Catholic divisions Kilgerril forms part of the district of Fohana : the chapel, which stands on the road side, was erected in the year 1834.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 27

35. Skirmish at Rathfarnham village during 1798 Rebellion

    Rathfarnham · townland · Dublin · 1798

    At the commencement of the 1798 insurrection, Rathfarnham village was the scene of a skirmish between a detachment of the king's troops and a party of the insurgents. Several insurgents were killed and others taken prisoner.

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    RATHFARNHAM, a parish, in the South Dublin union, partly in the barony of Uppercross, but chiefly in that of Rath down, county of Dublin, and province of Leinster, 4 miles (S.) from Dublin, on the road to Rathdrum ; containing 4469 inhabitants, of whom 644 are in the village. The castle of Rathfarnham was built by Archbishop Loftus, who was lord chancellor of Ireland in the reign of Elizabeth. On the breaking out of the war of 1641, Sir Adam Loftus held it with a garrison, as an outpost to protect the city of Dublin against the incursions of the septs of O'Toole and Byrne from the neighbouring mountains of Wicklow ; in 1649 it was taken by the forces of the Duke of Ornionde. Adam Loftus, grandson of Sir Adam, was created baron of Rathfarnham in 168.5. At the commencement of the insurrection of I79S, the village was the scene of a skirmish between a detachment of the king's troops and a party of the insurgents, in which several of the latter were killed and others taken prisoners. Near the village is a lofty bridge of a single arch over the river Dorider, the road from which is thickly shaded by the plantations of the demesnes on each side : the place itself is a long straggling street, with very little to attract attention. The country around is studded with numerous beautiful and richly planted seats, and pre-

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 248

36. Skirts of Urney parish formation history

    near Castlederg · town · Tyrone · 1812

    The parish of Skirts, or Skirts of Urney, also called Derg, was formerly considered to be included in the parishes of Urney and Ardstraw. In 1812 the portion of Ardstraw was claimed by its rector, and since that period the parish has been called the Skirts of Urney.

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    SKIRTS, or Skirts of Urney, also called Derg, a parish, in the union of Castlederg, barony of Omagh, county of Tyrone, and province of Ulster, S miles (VV.) from Newtown-Stewart, and on the river Derg; containing, with the post-town of Castlederg, 5*99 inhabitants. This parish, which in the ecclesiastical divisions is generally known as Derg, Derg-Bridge, or Castlederg, was formerly considered to be included in the parishes of Urney and Ardstraw ; but in 1812 the portion of the latter parish was claimed by its rector, and since that period the parish has been called the Skirts of Urney. It comprises 17 townlauds, containing (together with the portion of Ardstraw) 14,286 statute acres. Petty-sessions are held every second, and a court for the manor of Hastings every third, Saturday, at Castlederg ; where also are held a monthly court for the manor of Ardstraw, and a monthly fair. The living is a perpetual cure, in the diocese of Derry, and in the patronage of the Rector of Urney : the tithe rent-charge of the 17 townlauds over which the cure extends amounts to £193. 17. The glebe-house is a neat building, erected in 1795, at an expense of £200, of which £1.50 were a gift from the late Board of First Fruits ; and there is a glebe of 30 Cunningham acres. The church is situated at Castlederg, wkicli see. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish forms part of the district of Urney : the chapel is at Castlederg ; and there is a place of worship for Presbyterians.

    SKORMAN.— See Graystown.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 284

37. Skreen district granted to Adam Pheipo

    Skreen · townland · Meath · 1172–1180

    Hugh de Lacy gave the district and manor of Skreen to Adam Pheipo as part of his division of the kingdom of Meath among his principal followers.

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    After the arrival of the English, Henry II. granted to Hugh de Lacy the whole of the ancient kingdom of Meath, to hold by the service of 50 knights. De Lacy shortly afterwards divided the greater portion of this princely grant among his principal followers, giving to Gilbert Nangle the territory of Morgallion ; to Jocelyn, son of Gilbert, Navan, Ardbraccan, and their dependencies ; to Adam Pheipo, the district and manor of Skreen ; to Robert Misset, the lands of Lune ; and to

    MEAT

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 148

38. Skreen's early name and St. Columb grant

    Skreen · parish · Sligo

    The parish of Skreen in Sligo was originally called Kiwik-na-moile and was granted by Tipraid, Chief of Hy-Fiachra, to St. Columb. It obtained its present name from a shrine of St. Adamnan erected there.

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    called Kiwik-»a-moile, and was granted byTipraid, Chief of Hy-Fiachrii, to St. Columb : it obtained its present name from a shrine of St. Adamnau erected liere. From its contiguity to the shore of the Atlantic, great facility is afforded of obtaining valuable manure : agriculture is nevertheless very bad, the peasantry being adverse to the adoption of any improvements, though the land is in itself good. There is some bog in the mountains. At Ardnaglass is a limestone-quarry, from which some of the hewn-stone work of the new chapel at Ballina was procured ; it bears the chisel well, and takes a good polish. Petty-sessions are held at Ardnaglass once a fortnight ; and fairs for cattle ou June '.J 1st, Aug. 13th, Sept. 'i.iTi\, and Nov. l'2th. The seats are Seafort and Tubberpatrick ; the mansion of Leckfield was accidentally burnt about fourteen years since, and a bathinglodge has been built on its site.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 285

39. Skreen well with 1591 monument inscription

    Skreen · parish · Sligo · 1591

    At Skreen in Sligo there is a very fine well with a monument over it inscribed with the name of Eugenius M'Donuil, vicar of the parish, dated 1591. The monument is in excellent preservation.

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    The living is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of Killala, and in the patronage of the Lord Primate and the Archbishop of Dublin, who must present a fellow or e.\-fellow of Trinity College; the tithe rent-charge is £360. The glebe-house was built in 1807 by the then incumbent, at a cost of £6S0 ; the glebe comprises '21 acres, valued at £5'2. 10. per annum. The church is a neat building with a square tower, erected in 1819, near the ruins of the former, by aid of a loan of £r200 from the Board of First Fruits : the Ecclesiastical Commissioners lately granted £180 for its repair. The Roman Catholic parish was, till recently, co-extensive with that of the Established Church, but the quarterlaiids of Ross and Portavude have been annexed to the district of Dromard ; it contains a chapel. Tradition reports that once there were seven churches within the parish, and that an establishment existed for religious instruction ; appearances yet remain of the foundations of many buildings. The old castle of Ardnaglass, of which there are considerable remains, was originally the residence of the O'Dowds, a family of great note, and was subsequently in the possession of the Mac Swineys ; it is now the property of J. Junes, Esq., whose ancestor came over with Oliver Cromwell. At Skreen is a very fine well, having over it a monument inscribed, " Eugenius M'Donnuil, vicarius hiijus vile, M.F.F. 1.591 :"' it is in excellent preservation.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 285

40. Slade Castle built by the Hay family

    Slade · townland · Wexford

    Slade village in Wexford was formerly noted for a salt-factory and is chiefly inhabited by fishermen. The scenery derives interest from the remains of Slade Castle, built at an early period by the Hay family.

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    SLADE, a village, in the parish of Hook, union of New Ross, barony of Shelburne, county of Wexford, and province of Leinster, 5| miles (S. S. vv.) from Fethard j containing 184 inhabitants. This village, formerly remarkable for a salt-factory, is situated on the bay and harbour to which it gives name. It contains about 3'2 houses, and is chiefly inhabited by fishermen ; the scenery derives some interest from the remains of Slade Castle, which was built at an early period by the Hay family. The harbour is about one mile eastward of Hook lighthouse, and is fit only for small vessels, being dry at low water. Between the quay heads are 1 1 feet of water at high spring tides, and from S to 9 feet at neap tides ; but the pier is in a very dilapidated state. In the bay to the north-east of Hook lighthouse, vessels may anchor in good ground, under shelter from northern and western winds.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 286

41. Slade Island joined to Bannow by sand isthmus

    Bannow · townland · Wexford

    What was formerly called Slade Island is connected with Bannow by a narrow isthmus of sand, changing the geography of this coastal area from an island to a peninsula.

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    forming a floating-dock. Wexford harbour is large and capacious ; but its entrance is obstructed by a bar, and the navigation is in other respects dangerous. The Tuscar Rock hes about seven miles south-east of Greenore Point : it is marked by a revolving light of three faces, two bright, the third a deep red ; a bell, also, rings in foggy weather. In the northern part of We.Kford harbour are the islands of Beg Erin, or Little Ireland, and Great Island, both inhabited : the former is of very small extent, but ancient fame ; the latter contains about .SO acres. On doubling Carnsore Point, the Saltee Islands, two in number, the Larger and the Smaller, present themselves off the southern coast. A late return from the resident incumbent of the adjoining parish on the main land, states that these islands are considered to form part of the county of Tipperary. The larger is a mile long and half a mile broad, but not more than one-third of it consists of arable land ; the lesser is about a mile in circuit ; both are high, and contain some rocky pasture. From the lesser island to the main land is a ridge of rocks called St. Patrick's bridge, extremely dangerous, having not more than from 7 to 10 feet of water above them at low tide. Farther westward is Bagenbon Head, and near it the small dry harbour of Fethard. What was formerly called "Slade Island " is connected with Bannow by a narrow isthmus of sand. The extreme south-west point of the county is marked by a lighthouse at Hook Head, 140 feet high, with a steady fixed light. On doubling this point the navigator finds himself within the grand and safe estuary of Waterford harbour, into which the united streams of the Suir, Barrow, and Nore are received.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 393

42. Slane abbey restored by Sir Christopher Fleming, 1512

    Slane · town · Meath · 1175–1512

    Slane was again plundered by the English in 1175, after which the abbey fell into decay. In 1512 it was restored by Sir Christopher Fleming, Lord of Slane, who placed two friars in it who had previously resided in the hermitage of St. Eire.

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    SLANE, a post-town and parish (formerly a pariiamentary borough), in the union of Navan, barony of Upper Slane, county of Meath, and province of Lein- STER, 6| miles (W. S. W.) from Drogheda, and 2'2 (N. by W.) from Dublin, on the coach-road from Dublin to Londonderry, and on the river Boyne ; containing 2510 inhabitants, of whom 555 are in the town. This place is of very high antiquity, and in the earliest ages of Christianity was the seat of a small diocese, of which St. Eire, who had built himself a hermitage, was consecrated first bishop by St. Patrick ; he died in 514. On the neighbouring hill an abbey for Canons Regular was founded at a remote period, into which the young Dagobert, King of Austrasia, in France, who had been banished from his own country when only seven years of age, was received in 653, for the purpose of being educated ; he continued to reside in it 20 years, till recalled to France and restored to his throne. This establishment was many times plundered, and the monks massacred, by the Ostnien of Dublin, to whose ravages it was peculiarly exposed. In 11*2 the town was sacked and burned by Dermod Mac Murrough and a party of the English ; and it was again plundered by the English in 1175, from which period the abbey seems to have continued in decay till the year 1512, when it was restored by Sir Christopher Fleming, Lord of Slane, who placed in it two friars who had till then resided in the hermitage of St. Eire. On the settlement of the English in Meath the town became a borough, and in the reign of Henry VI. ranked as one of the middle class. The Fleming family having been engaged in the civil war of 1641, the estate escheated to the crown ; and the lands subsequently became the property of the Right Hon. Wilham Conyngbam, ancestor of the Marquess Conyngham. The place is within four miles of Oldbridge, where the battle of the Boyne was fought ; and the bridge of Slane has been on many occasions considered, and defended, as a pass of importance. The town is pleasantly situated on the northern bank of the river, which is navigable from its estuary at Drogheda up to Navan : it consists of S3 houses, chiefly modern and of neat appearance ; and the richness of the surrounding scenery renders it one of the most attractive places in the county.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 286

43. Slane barony vitrescent stone quarry

    Slane · town · Meath

    A fine quarry of vitrescent stone in Slane barony produced excellent flagstones, though it did not take a high polish. Coal was also conjectured to exist in the same barony based on exposed mineral strata.

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    part of the county except the west, and from the number of timber-trees planted as hedge-rows, the country in general has a very furnished appearance, much resembling the county of Worcester or Hereford in England. Oak timber is scarce ; but beech, elm, ash, poplar, sycamore, and alder are so abundant that, after supplying the local demand, much is sent to other counties : there are several nurseries of considerable extent, and many osieries of from two to ten acres each, the produce of which is mostly worked at home, and the remainder bought by the Dublin basket-makers. The quantity of waste and unprofitable ground in the county is extremely small. Commons are in general attached to the corporate towns for the use of the inhabitants. In consequence of the small quantity of bog compared with the extent and population of the county, fuel is extremely scarce, and the poor suffer much from the want of it. Some large proprietors, in order to relieve their tenants, and to prevent depredations upon their fences and plantations, are particularly careful to have their ditches sown with French furze. The deficiency of fuel is also supplied by the importation of coal, chiefly from Drogheda, by the Boyne navigation. In the neighbourhood of that town, and along the line of navigation, the labourer often stipulates for a ton of coal in part payment ; and, when near bogs, the turf is sometimes drawn home for him by his employer. Geologically, the county forms part of the great limestone field of Ireland, that mineral constituting its general substratum, except in its northern part, where the clay-slate formation is found ; in the western, where basalt is found mixed with the clay-slate, in some places rising in bare rocks, in others scattered over the surface in detached masses ; and on the line of sea-coast, which is formed of transition rock. At Ardbraccan the limestone is of a fine white grain, capable of being worked into any form. The beds lie horizontally, and are of considerable thickness ; the stone is susceptible of a high polish, assuming a grey tinge when finished, though appearing white under the chisel : tombstones and doorcases made of it are sent to a great distance. The seam of rock extends to the Blackwater, but the quarries opened in other parts do not afford blocks of such scantling as at Ardbraccan. The works are also much impeded by the difficulty of keeping the quarries free from water. In Slane barony is a fine quarry of vitrescent stone, which makes excellent flagstones, but does not take a high polish. It has been conjectured that coal exists in the same barony, in consequence Of the appearances that exhibit themselves where the edges of mineral strata are laid open by the washing away of the surface soil ; but the position of the layers presents an obstacle that has hitherto prevented the search from being prosecuted with any prospect of success. A vein of copper has been found near the banks of the Boyne, the analysis of which gave 21 parts of copper from 120 of ore ; but from the difficulty of keeping the workings clear of water, it has not been profitably explored. At Knock, in Morgallion barony, is an argillaceous clay containing a portion of iron, and adapted for the coarser kinds of earthenware ; and there is a vein of potters'- clay, of superior quality, at Dunshaughlm. Petrifactions are found in the caverns and fissures of the limestone districts, and some very brilliant spars and crystals in the Nanny water, particularly near the Diamond rock.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 149

44. Slane Castle on the Boyne

    Slane · town · Meath · 1821

    Slane Castle, seat of the Marquess Conyngham, is a spacious later-English-style structure on elevated banks of the Boyne, incorporating part of the ancient castle of the Flemings. George IV visited the marquess here in August 1821; the interior contains a painting of the Battle of the Boyne and Lawrence's portrait of George IV.

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    The parish comprises .">947i statute acres of land, for the most part of inditferent quality : there is no bog, except in the vicinity of the town. About 40 years since, coal-works existed : but they proved unproductive, and were abandoned. On the river, adjoining the town, are very extensive flour and corn mills, worked l)y seven pairs of stones ; they have an excellent supply of water, and are capable of grinding 1000 barrels of wheat weekly. To the west of the town is Slane Castle, the seat of the Marquess Conyngham : it is a spacious and elegant structure in the later English style of architecture, with embattled turrets and pinnacles, and comprising part of the ancient castle of the Flemings ; it is beautifully situated on an elevated site, on the steep banks of the Boyne, and is surrounded by a richly wooded park of about 900 statute acres, through which that river winds. The interior of the castle is very handsome, particularly the circular room, which has a splendid groined ceiling and is adorned with some good paintings, among which are a fine picture of the Battle of the Boyne, and Sir Thomas Lawrence's portrait of George IV., who visited the marquess here in Aug. IS'il. The living is a rectory, in the diocese of Meath, and in the patronage of the Crown ; the tithe rent-charge is £303. I6. 8. The glebe-house was built in 1S07, at an expense of £1046 British currency, which was partly defrayed by a gift of £100, and a loan of £500, from the late Board of First Fruits, and the residue by the then incumbent. The glebe comprises 12 acres, and, with some houses on it, is valued at £41 per annum. The church is a neat edifice with a handsome steeple, after a design by Johnston, erected in 1712; it was enlarged in 1830, by aid of a loan of £200 from the Board, and has been repaired by a grant of £134 from the Ecclesiastical Commissioners. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish is the head of a district, comprising the parishes of Slane, Gernonstown, Rathkeuny, Stackallen, Dunnioe, and Fennor, and containing three chapels ; one in Rathkenny ; and two in this parish, one of which is a neat structure situated in the town.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 287

45. Slane Castle: seat of the Marquess Conyngham and George IV's stay

    Slane · town · Meath · 1821

    Slane Castle, the property of the Marquess Conyngham, was celebrated as the abode of George IV during the greater part of his stay in Ireland in 1821. It was one of the finest ancient castles converted into a mansion-house.

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    raised about the year 1220 by one of the Pypart family. Its extent and strength, as indicated by its ruins even at the present day, prove that it was designed to be a position of primary importance for the defence of the palatinate ; and from the date of its erection to the termination of the war of King AVilliam III., its destinies are interwoven with many of the historical events of the times : the ruins overhang the Boyne, presenting an aspect of much grandeur. The other ancient castles the ruins of which are still^onsiderable, were those of Scurlogslown, Duninue, Athlumncij , and Asigh. Liscart'm and Athcante Castles have been fitted up as residences ; and several other ancient castles have been preserved by being converted into mansion-houses, among the finest of which is Shine, the property of the Marquess Conyngham, and celebrated as the abode of George IV. during the greater part of his stay in Ireland in 1S21. Contiguous to it, but on the other side of the Boyne, is Beaupark, the modern and elegant seat of the family of Lambert : the two demesnes are so connected in their locality, that each enjoys the full benefit of the scenic beauties peculiar to the other. The chief modern mansions of the nobility and gentry are noticed in the description of the parishes in which they are respectively situated. The residences of the gentry of small landed property, and of the beneficed clergy, are numerous, and indicative of a high state of improvement.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 150

46. Slanes abbey tradition and burial-ground

    Slanes · townland · Down

    A burial-ground remains at Slanes where an extensive edifice once stood, traditionally said to have been a wealthy abbey. No vestige of a church now exists in the parish.

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    SLANES, a parish, in the union of Downpatrick, barony of Ardes, county of Down, and province of Ulster, 4 miles (E.) from Portaferry ; containing 556 inhabitants. This parish is situated on the eastern coast, and comprises 946i statute acres, the whole of which is under cultivation, and produces excellent crops of corn, flax, and potatoes. Here is Slanes Point, between which and Carney Point is a cluster of rocks and shoals, one of which, called the South Rock, is three miles (E. N. E.) from Carney Point, and has a light-house called the Kilwarlin Light, erected by the Corporation for the Improvement of the Port of Dublin. It is a revolving light, elevated 52 feet above the sea at high water, with 10 lamps of a bright colour, appearing once in a minute and a half; two bells are kept tolling in foggy weather, by means of clock-work, to warn mariners of their proximity to danger : the rocks and shoals extend a mile, at least, to the east of the lighthouse. Slanes is a coast-guard station. On the shore are the remains of a large castellated edifice, called Newcastle, which has given name to the district; from this is the communication with the lighthouse, and here are the residences of the keepers. The parish is a rectory, in the diocese of Down, forming part of the union of Ballyphilip and of the corps of the chancellorship of Down ;' the tithe rent- charge is £80. There is no vestige of a church ; but a burial-ground remains, where once stood an extensive edifice, traditionally said to have been a wealthy abbey : the Protestants attend divine service at Portaferry church. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish forms part of the district of Upper Ardee.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 287

47. Slane sacked and burned by Dermod Mac Murrough, 1152

    Slane · town · Meath · 1152

    In 1152 the town of Slane was sacked and burned by Dermod Mac Murrough and a party of the English. The abbey had already been many times plundered and its monks massacred by the Ostmen of Dublin.

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    SLANE, a post-town and parish (formerly a pariiamentary borough), in the union of Navan, barony of Upper Slane, county of Meath, and province of Lein- STER, 6| miles (W. S. W.) from Drogheda, and 2'2 (N. by W.) from Dublin, on the coach-road from Dublin to Londonderry, and on the river Boyne ; containing 2510 inhabitants, of whom 555 are in the town. This place is of very high antiquity, and in the earliest ages of Christianity was the seat of a small diocese, of which St. Eire, who had built himself a hermitage, was consecrated first bishop by St. Patrick ; he died in 514. On the neighbouring hill an abbey for Canons Regular was founded at a remote period, into which the young Dagobert, King of Austrasia, in France, who had been banished from his own country when only seven years of age, was received in 653, for the purpose of being educated ; he continued to reside in it 20 years, till recalled to France and restored to his throne. This establishment was many times plundered, and the monks massacred, by the Ostnien of Dublin, to whose ravages it was peculiarly exposed. In 11*2 the town was sacked and burned by Dermod Mac Murrough and a party of the English ; and it was again plundered by the English in 1175, from which period the abbey seems to have continued in decay till the year 1512, when it was restored by Sir Christopher Fleming, Lord of Slane, who placed in it two friars who had till then resided in the hermitage of St. Eire. On the settlement of the English in Meath the town became a borough, and in the reign of Henry VI. ranked as one of the middle class. The Fleming family having been engaged in the civil war of 1641, the estate escheated to the crown ; and the lands subsequently became the property of the Right Hon. Wilham Conyngbam, ancestor of the Marquess Conyngham. The place is within four miles of Oldbridge, where the battle of the Boyne was fought ; and the bridge of Slane has been on many occasions considered, and defended, as a pass of importance. The town is pleasantly situated on the northern bank of the river, which is navigable from its estuary at Drogheda up to Navan : it consists of S3 houses, chiefly modern and of neat appearance ; and the richness of the surrounding scenery renders it one of the most attractive places in the county.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 286

48. Slanestown castle remains and Rocklow moat in Rathcool

    Rathcool · townland · Tipperary

    In Rathcool parish, Tipperary, there are remains of the castle of Slanestown. Near the demesne of Rocklow stands a large moat or rath.

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    RATHCOOL, a parish, in the union of Cashel, barony of IMiddlethird, county of Tipperary, and province of Munster, l^ mile (N. W.) from Fethard ; containing 1677 inhabitants. It comprises 5904 statute acres : of the land, which is of superior quality, about two-thirds are in tillage, and the remainder, with the exception of 150 acres of woodland, in pasture. There are several handsome seats ; the principal are Derrylusker, Ardsalla, Annsgift, Rocklow, and Coolmore. The parish is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of Cashel, forming part of the union of Fethard : the tithe rent-charge is £"273. 15. There are some remains of the castle of Slanestown, and near the demesne of Rocklow is a large moat or rath.

    RATHCOOLE, a post-town and parish, in the union of Celbridge, barony of Newcastle, county of Dub- Li.N, and province of Leinster, S miles (S. W.) from Dublin, on the road to Naas ; containing 1527 inhabitants, of whom 556 are in the town. Rathcoole is of Irish etymology, viz. : Rath, a Danish fort, and Cool, the back ; signifying " the Danish fort at the back of the mountains. " The place was sometimes called " Radcull," and appears from various records to have been incorporated prior to the time of Henry HI., and to have had burgesses : in the '24th of that reign (1'240), it is recorded that " Lucas, Archbishop of Dublin, grants to the burgesses of Radcull common of pasture and turbary in the mountain of Slescol with his men of Newcastle near Lyons, at 4s. per annum." The town, which is about a quarter of a mile in length, contains 116 houses irregularly built, and has a patent for holding fairs on April '23rd, June 18th, and Oct. 9th, but these fairs have not been held for some years. It is the head station of the constabulary police for the district, and the residence of the chief constable.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 246

49. Slaney navigable to Enniscorthy

    Enniscorthy · townland · Wexford

    Trade with the interior from Wexford was carried on chiefly by the River Slaney, which was navigable to Enniscorthy. This river served as the main inland trade route for the port.

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    is the principal passage to the haven's mouth, there are only six feet of water at the ebb of spring tides ; and as the rise of springs is but six feet, and at neaps from three to four, vessels of every size larger than fishingboats must ride outside exposed to the danger of shipwreck before there is a sufficient depth of water to float them in. The navigation, too, of the interior of the harbour, a distance of five miles, is both intricate and shallow. Several expedients have been suggested by Sir John Rennie in a report on the subject, for the diminution of those impediments to the safe navigation of the haven ; but none of them have been yet acted upon. Notwithstanding these formidable obstacles the commerce is considerable : there are 1 10 registered vessels, of the aggregate burthen of 8000 tons, and navigated by 600 seamen, belonging to the port ; chiefly engaged in the British and coasting trade. The port is deemed a great nursery for seamen, as there is always a large proportion of apprentices in the merchants' service here. There are two steamers on the Wexford and Liverpool station, one of which sails every week in winter and twice a week in summer, carrying live cattle, provisions, merchandise, and passengers. The shipping interests have been materially promoted by the construction of a patent-slip and ship-building yard, by Mr. Redmond, at the southern extremity of his new embankment ; the vessels belonging to the port were previously built at Milford and Liverpool. The trade with the interior of the country is carried on chiefly by the Slaney, which is navigable to Enniscorthy. The principal market is on Saturday ; there is one for poultry, butter, eggs, and small wares, on Wednesday : meat, fish, and vegetables are exposed for sale daily. The shambles occupy one side of a street leading from the quay ; the butter-market is held underneath the Court of Conscience, the corn and potato market in a square named the corn-market : poultry is vended in the public street. Fairs are held on Whit-Monday and the ^gth of June, on the Windmill Hill ; on the 24th of Aug., in the Faithe ; and on the Saturday before Shrovetide, March I'th, May 1st, Sept. 29th, and Nov. 1st, in the town.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 399

50. Slate-quarries and manganese near Westport

    Westport · town · Mayo

    Slate-quarries on an extensive scale have been worked near Westport. Manganese is also abundant in the neighbourhood of Westport, while clay fit for porcelain and earthenware is found in inexhaustible beds and shipped for England.

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    been discovered, there i.s rea-son to think that tho»c series belong to that formation. The existence of this mineral is also shown by a variety of indications, in the mountains of Derinkce, near Westport. The ironore, the sandstone, the ochre (which is found in abundance and of good quality), and the ferruginous scum on the lakes and rivers, all seem to point out the existence of coal : in Slicve Carne, in Clanmorris barony, are also many indications of it. The character of the Limestone which alternates with the clay-slate, along the northeastern coast, from Balderric to Ballyshannon, is very peculiar : the beds rarely exceed two feet in thickness ; some are of a dull-black colour, and contain no marine remains ; others are almost wholly composed of muscle shells. Iron-ore is found in abundance on the lands of Cross in Erris, and at Tallagha in the same barony ; it is also met with in abundance in the bed of Clonoure river, and in the Deel river, where it is found in small lumps of a beautiful red colour. Iron-works erected by Sir George Shaen near the Mullet, and more lately on the Deel by Mr. Rutledge, were discontinued from the want of fuel. Manganese is abundant in several parts, but the richest deposits are in the neighbourhood of Westport, and in the vale of the Owenmore ; Clay fit for porcelain and every other description of earthenware is found in inexhaustible beds, and cargoes of the finer sorts are shipped for England. Fullers-earth and pipe-clay are also abundant, and very good ; clay for bricks abounds in every barony. Slate-quarries on an extensive scale have been worked near Westport : freestone of a good colour, very compact and easily wrought, is abundant in several places ; and grey marble, beautifully marked, and susceptible of a fine polish, is plentiful in thobarony of Murrisk. Excellent hones are procured in the WW of Bocca.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 147

51. Slate quarries and stone-cutting mill near Killaloe

    Killaloe · town · Clare

    Extensive slate quarries in the vicinity of Killaloe produce about 8,000 tons annually for the surrounding country. A water-powered mill costing £6,000 was erected for cutting and polishing stone and marble, employing about 100 men, with handsome slated cottages built for their residence.

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    The TOWN is pleasantly situated on a rising ground on the western bank of the Shannon, near the noted falls of Killaloe, and about a mile from Lough Derg ; and is connected with the county of Tipperary by an ancient bridge of nineteen arches. It consists of one square, with a principal and several smaller streets, and contains about 300 houses. There is a small infantry barrack. A flourishing trade in stuffs, camlets, and serges was formerly carried on, and two well-supplied markets were held weekly ; but both the manufacture and the narkets have been discontinued. Above and below the bridge are numerous eel-weirs, which produce a strong current in the river ; and there is also a salmon-fishery. In the vicinity are some very extensive slate-quarries, from which, on an average, about 8000 tons are annually raised for the supply of the surrounding country to a great distance. A mill, with machinery driven by water, has been erected at an expense of £6000, for cutting and polishing stone and marble, and working them into mantel- pieces, flags, slabs, and other articles, in which about 100 men are employed, for whose residence near the works there are some handsome slated cottages. A spirit of cheerful industry and of enterprise seems to promise much for the increasing prosperity of the town. Close to the mill is a yard for boat-building, belonging to the Shannon Steam-Navigation Company, whose head-quarters are at this place and who have established a regular communication by steam-packets, for goods and passengers, up the Shannon, through Lough Derg to Portumna, Athlone, and Banagher, and from Banagher by canalboats to Dublin. The company afford employment to a great number of persons in the construction and repair of docks and warehouses. About a quarter of a mile from the village of O'Brien's-Bridge is the pierhead, where the steam-boats transfer their cargoes and passengers to a packet-boat, which is towed at a rapid rate to Limerick, between which place and Dublin boats ply daily ; the trip to Portumna and ■Williamstown is beautifully picturesque. Below the bridge the navigation of the Shannon is interrupted by a ridge of rocks, over which the water rushes with great noise ; and the appearance of the town at this place, with the waters of Lough Derg in the distance, and the venerable cathedral rising above the bridge and backed by a fine mountain range, is strikingly romantic. To remedy this obstruction of the navigation, the Board of Inland Navigation constructed a canal through the bishop's demesne, avoiding the rocks, and joining the river beyond the falls ; it also erected an hotel, called the Ponsonby Arms, for the accommodation of families visiting Lough Derg and its neighbourhood. The lake is about thirty miles in length, and abounds with beautiful and interesting scenery, more especially in that part which is near the town ; the shores are embellished ■with several handsome mansions, embosomed in luxuriant woods and plantations, and with several ancient and venerable castles. Pike, perch, trout, and various other fish are taken in abundance ; among them is found the Gallaroo trout. Fairs are held on April 5th, May 24th, Sept. 3rd, and Oct. 20th ; and petty-sessions once a fortnight. A constabulary police force is stationed in the town.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 33

52. Slate quarries at Ownashad and Glen Patrick

    Lismore · town · Waterford

    Good roofing slates were raised from the glen of Ownashad near Lismore and from Glen Patrick near Clonmel. The clay-slate throughout the mountain district ranged uniformly north-west and south-east, dipping 60 to 75 degrees south and south-west.

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    The GEOLOGY of the county exhibits no great variety, nearly the whole being composed of clay-slate, sandstone, and some limestone. The elevated region between the Suir and the Blackwater, comprising the heights of the Cummeragh and of Knockmcledown, is a table-land of clay-slate, partly liordered by sandstone, and sustaining isolated caps of the same rock. Its outskirts are marked by Carrick, Clonmel, and Clogheen, on the north ; and by Kilmacthomas, Dungarvan, and Lismore. on the south ; on the north, west, and south, it is bounded by limestone. A border of sandstone approaches close to the Suir on the south side, from the vicinity of Ardfinnan to Kilmaiden, four miles west of W'atcrford. The clay-slate throughout the mountain district is of a reddish brown, purpleish, or greenish-grey colour ; it ranges nearly uniformly north-west and south-east, and dips generally from "0 to 75 degrees to the south and south-west. Good slates for roofing are raised in the glen of Ownashad, near Lismore, and in Glen Patrick, near Clonmel. Not far from the junction of the streams that form the river Mahon are veins of quartz, comprising granulated lead ore ; and in the same mineralogical tract, at Kilkeany, near Mountain Castle, is a fine vein of lead-ore. The rocks to the north of Lismore are also rich in mineral veins : iron, copper, and lead ores are of frequent occurrence. Lismore Castle stands on a floetz limestone rock, which, partly separated from the clayslate by a border of fine-grained sandstone, extends in a narrow range down the vale of the Blackwater, to the innermost recesses of Dungarvan harbour : in several places it assumes the character of marble, as at Tourin, where it is variegated with many colours ; near New Affane, where it is black and white; in the parish of Whitechurch, where it is both black and grey, &c.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 374

53. Slate quarry and Roche's Tower lighthouse at Trabolgan

    Trabolgan · townland · Cork

    The ploughland of Trabolgan contains an extensive and valuable slate quarry employing many workmen, producing slate of durable quality and excellent colour. Roche's Tower lighthouse and a coast-guard station are also situated here.

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    TRABOLGAN, a ploughland, in the parish of Aghada, union of Midleton, barony of Imokilly, county of Cork, and province of Munster, 6| miles (S. W.) from Cloyne, and on the eastern side of the entrance of Cork harbour : the population is returned with the parish. It comprises 842 statute acres. Here is an extensive and valuable slate-quarry employing a great number of workmen, whence slate of durable quality and excellent colour is procured. Roche's- Tower lighthouse is within this ploughland, as is also a coast-guard station. It is ecclesiastically known as a particle, forming part of the mensal of the Bishop of Cork, to whom the tithe rent-charge, amounting to £111. 1., is payable: the cure of souls devolves upon the rector of Corkbeg.

    TRACTON, a parish, in the tinioD of Kinsale, barony of Kinnalea, county of Cork, and province of Munster, 4 miles (S.) from Carrigaline, on the road to Roberts-Cove, and on that from Ringabella to Kinsale ; containing 2959 inhabitants, of whom 115 are in the village. An abbey of Cistercian monks was founded here by the family of ]\rCarthy, in 1224, the monks being brought from If'hitdand, in Carmarthenshire, South Wales, called also " De Alba Luuda," and " Alho TraclK," whence the name of this parish is thought to be derived. In 1375, Edward III. confirmed the several possessions which had been granted to the abbey. According to Dr. Smith, great numbers of pilgrims annually visited this place on Holy Thursday, to pay Vol. II.— 593

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 347

54. Slieve Anierin: the Iron Mountain with coal and iron-stone

    near Slieve Anierin · mountain or mountain range · Leitrim

    The great mountain group of Slieve-an-irin, meaning 'the Iron Mountain,' had extremely irregular stratification with three layers of coal discovered, one of good quality 18 inches thick. Rich clay iron-stone abounded at various elevations and was worked while timber was available for furnaces.

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    was originally discovered in the Munterkenny mountains, and such was the importance attached to the discovery that a parliamentary grant was made for the formation of roads to it ; but the workings were soon discoutinued in consequence of a fault, by which the stratum was considerably elevated, and which induced the workmen, who were ignorant of the cause of the interruption and of the means of remedying it, to relinquish any further operations. In the northern part of the coal district, the beds are found only in the higher parts of Lugnacuillagh and Lacka. Extensive quarries of fine-grained yellowish-white sandstone are worked near the summit of Glanfarn mountain, for window-seats and various ornamental purposes. Lacka mountain contains a great bed of sandstone, the strata of which form a succession of abrupt precipices with considerable flat intervals between them ; above the sandstone are beds of slate-clay succeeded by layers of coal from 4 to 6 inches thick, alternating with beds of sandstone : this field has been but little worked. The stratification of Lugnacuillagh mountain, on the bordersof Cavan, much resembles that of Lacka. The remainder of the coal district to the east of Lough Allen is composed of the great mountain group of Slieve-an-irin, or Slieve-an- Jaroin, "the Iron Mountain;" its stratification is extremely irregular. Three layers of coal have been discovered in it, one of them of good quality, 18 inches thick. Rich clay iron-stone abounds also at various elevations, and was worked so long as timber could be procured to feed the furnaces : those of Drumshambo, the last in operation, were abandoned in 176.5. The ore of Slieve-an-irin is said to be far richer than that on the Roscommon side of the lake. In the channels of many of the streams descending from it, are beds of pipe-clay and yellow ochre. Manganese is also found in great abundance.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 70

55. Slieve Bloom Mountains and 'the Height of Ireland'

    near Slieve Bloom Mountains · mountain or mountain range · Laois

    The Slieve Bloom Mountains form a marked division between Queen's County and King's County. Their summit is called 'the Height of Ireland' from a popular opinion that it is the most elevated point in the island. The northern side is very fertile while the southern is nearly barren and covered with heath.

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    their summit is called " the Height of Ireland," from a popular opinion that it is the most elevated point in the island ; near it is the Pass of Glandine, a narrow defile, impassable for carriages, and forming the only mountain communication between the King's and Queen's counties. The northern side of the mountains of this range is very fertile ; while the southern, though more exposed to the genial influence of the sun, is nearly barren, and mostly covered with heath. Towards the southern boundary of the county the ground rises into the Slievemargiie Hills, which separate it from Kilkenny. The only lake is Lough Annagh, called also Lough Duff, on the border of the King's county, to which one-half of it is considered to belong.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 235

56. Slieve Bloom sandstone quarries and former iron-ore

    near Slieve Bloom Mountains · mountain or mountain range · Laois

    The Slieve-Bloom mountains within Rosenallis parish contain quarries of soft white sandstone that hardens on exposure and takes a high polish, used widely for chimney-pieces and hearth-stones. Iron-ore was formerly raised in the district but is no longer worked.

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    ROSENALLIS, or Oregan, a parish, in the union of Mount-Mellick, barony of Tinnehinch, Queen's county, and province of Leinsteu, on the road from Enio to Birr, through Clonaslee ; containing, with the greater part of the post-town of Mount-Mellick (which is separately described), 8505 inhabitants, of whom '239 are in the village. The parish is said to have derived its name from Rossa Failgea, eldest son of Cathavir O'More It comprises 14,I18| statute acres, and the north-eastern extremity of the Slieve-Blooin mountains is included in it : the Barrow rises in Tinnehinch hill, and, after receiving the stream of the Oweiiass, or Onas, quits the parish near Mount-Mellick. The soil is cold, but capable of great improvement by the application of lime, which is much used, as is also a compost of clay, bog mould, and the refuse of the farmyard. In the Slieve-Bloom mountains arc quarries of a soft white sandstone, which hardens when exposed to the air, and is susceptible of a high polish ; it is in great demand throughout the country for chimney-pieces and hearthstones : a coarser kind is used for flagging. Another peculiarity of these mountains is the fertility of their northern side, which is interspersed with neat farmhouses and cultivated inclosures to its summit, while its southern side is mostly a heathy waste. Iron-ore was formerly raised, but is not now. There is a large tract of bog in this district, affording an abundant supply of fuel. Tillage is more attended to than grazing ; there are but few flocks of sheep : the chief crops are potatoes, wheat, barley, and oats, and near Mount-Mellick are three public nurseries. Besides the fairs which are held in the last-named town, is one at Tinnehinch on Oct. 29th solely for pigs. Comfortable farmhouses are thickly scattered through the parish, and there are several good mansions, the principal of which are, Capard, situated on the side of a hill commanding an extensive view of the adjacent country, with the towns of Mount-Mellick, Maryborough, Portarlington, Mountrath, and Monastereven ; Rynn ; and Summergrove. The manufacture of woollen cloths, stuffs, and cottons, is carried on in Mount-Mellick and its vicinity ; there are also breweries and distilleries.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 263

57. Slieve Donard and Slieve Bingian in Kilcoo

    near Slieve Donard · mountain or mountain range · Down

    Slieve Donard (2796 feet) and Slieve Bingian (2449 feet) both lie within Kilcoo parish, forming part of a mountain chain extending from Newcastle to Rosstrevor, with verdure on the northern sides and bog on the south and west.

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    KILCOO, a parish, in the union of Kilkeel, barony of Upper Iveagh, county of Down, and province of Ulster, 2 miles (S.) from Castlewcllan, and on the road from Newry to Downpatrick ; containing 6583 inhabitants. It is situated on the eastern coast, at the base of Slieve Donard, and comprises 18,205^ statute acres. The surface is very uneven, and the soil, with the exception of that around the village of Bryansford, cold, wet, and unproductive ; its cultivation is also much impeded by the great number of stones scattered over it in every direction. Slieve Donard (which has an elevation of 2796 feet above the level of the sea) and Slieve Bingian (of 2449 feet) are both within the parish, forming part of a chain rising at Newcastle and extending to Rosstrevor, a distance of 20 miles ; the northern

    K I L— C O

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 16

58. Slieve Elva mountain in Rathbourney parish

    near Slieve Elva · mountain or mountain range · Clare

    Within the limits of Rathbourney parish is Slieve Elva, rising 1109 feet above sea level. The parish comprises over 9600 acres of rocky mountain pasture and bogland in the barony of Burren.

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    RATHBEGGAN, a parish, in the union of Dun- SHAUGHLiN, barony of Ratoath, county of Meath, and province of Leinster, 3 miles (s. by E.) from Dunshaughlin, and on the road from Dublin to Enniskillen ; containing 304 inhabitants. It comprises '286.5f statute acres of arable and pasture land of good quality, the proportions of which are nearly equal ; and contains some quarries of building-stone. The living is a vicarage, in the diocese of iMeath, and in the patronage of the Marquess of Drogheda, in whom the rectory is impropriate : the tithe rent-charge is £1'21. 9-, of which £13. 17. are payable to the impropriator, and the remainder to the vicar; the glebe, comprising 75 acres, is valued at £15 per annum. The elebe-house was built in ISI7, by aid of £450, and a loali of £100, from the Board of First Fruits. The church is a neat edifice, towards the erection of which the same Board gave £800, in ISI7. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish forms part of the district of Ratoath. RATHBIN.— See Birnchurch. RATHBOURXEY, a parish, in the union of Ennis- TYMON, barony of Burren, county of Clare, and province of Minster, 85 miles (W. S. \V.) fromBurren, on the road to Ennistymon ; containing 1000 inhabitants. It comprises 9633 statute acres, a large portion of which consists of rocky mountain pasture, affording a rich though scanty herbage : there is also a portion of bog. Within the limits of the parish is Slieve Elva. rising 1109 feet above the level of the sea. The principal residence is Gregans. The parish is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of Kilfenora, forming part of the union of Dromcreby and corps of the treasurership of Kilfenora: the tithe rent-charge is £75. The church of the union, a small plain building without a tower, erected about 50 years since, is situated here. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish is the head of the district of Glyn or Glenarragha, comprising also the parishes of Dromcreby, Glaninagh. and Killonoghan : the chapel at Glenarragha was originally built by the iSIarquess of Buckingham, and has been recently much enlarged. A glebe of 40 acres is allotted for the use of

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 246

59. Slieve Gallion divided ancient Tyrone

    near Slieve Gallion · mountain or mountain range · Derry

    According to Camden, ancient Tyrone was divided into Upper and Lower, or North and South, by the Slieve-Gallion mountain. The range is now entirely within Londonderry, suggesting the name of Tyrone once extended over much of that county.

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    In the time of Ptolemy it was probably inhabited by the Scoti, which tribe extended itself over most of the inland regions ; though some writers place the Erdini here, as well as in the neighbouring maritime county of Donegal. It was afterwards known as the district or kingdom of Cbieal Eoghain, frequently called Tijr-Oen, whence its present name of Tyrone is derived : a portion of its southern border embraces the northern parts of the ancient district of Orgial or Uriel. According to Camden it was divided into Upper and Lower, or North and South, Tyrone, by the Slieve-Gallion mountain; but as this range is now wholly included within Londonderry, it is probable that the name of Tyrone then extended to the greater part of that county also. This district was from the earliest period of the Irish annals the chief seat of the power of the O'Nials, the princes or kings of the country, who traced their origin from Nial of the Nine Hostages, and several of whom obtained the sovereignty over the whole island. In the tenth century, Hugh O'Nial, lord or chief of Tyr-Oen, was solicited by Malachy, King of Ireland, to assist him against Brian Boroimhe, then claiming the rank of king of Ireland ; and was offered a large portion of Meath as the reward of his acquiescence. O'Nial of Tyrone was one of the chiefs in Roderic O'Conor's army in his unsuccessful attempt to drive the English out of Dublin: in 1177, his death is recorded, under the title of King of Tyrone. On the second arrival of King John in Ireland, O'Nial, who had been a formidable opponent to De Courcy during his invasion of Ulster, was prevailed on to give personal attendance on the king, but not until two hostages had been sent for the security of his person. Henry HI., in a letter to the Irish subordinate princes who had done homage to the English sovereign, stvles him O'SVl regi de Khietum sii-e Tir-Oeii. The O'Nial family was also one of the five Irish septs which were specially entitled to the enjoyment of English rights and privileges. On the first arrival of Richard II. in Ireland, O'Nial met him in Drogheda, being the first of four native princes who waited on that king. During this period, and for many years after, this territory, of which Tyrone was the principal part and the usual seat of the ruling prince's residence, was untouched by the English ; while, on the contrary, their borders were exposed to his predatory incursions. O'Nial was one of the adherents of Edward Bruce in his attempt to

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 365

60. Slieve Gallion limestone rich in crystallised hornblende

    near Slieve Gallion · mountain or mountain range · Derry

    Mountain limestone occurs on Slieve-Gallion mountain, where it contains crystallised hornblende in abundance, distinguishing this site geologically within the county's primitive limestone formations.

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    Geologically, the county is- composed of two great districts, divided into two nearly equal portions by the course of the Roe. The western is the extensive mountain tract reaching from that river to Strabane, in which mica-slate predominates in such proportions as to compose nine-tenths of the whole ; it is accompanied by primitive limestone in the lower districts, especially in those bordering on the vale of the Roc. On the eastern bank of the river this system of mountains is succeeded by a range of secondary heights, reposing on and concealing the mica-slate, which dips under them eastward. On these is piled a vast area of basalt, forming the basis of almost the entire country between the Roe and the Bann. These basaltic strata dip with the fall of the hills towards the north-cast, to meet the opposite dip of the strata on the other side of the Bann. forming the other half of this extensive basaltic tract. The covering of basalt appears to acquire its greatest thickness on the north, where, as in the cap of Benyevenagh, it is more than 900 feet thick. Between the basalt and the subjacent mica-slate, are found, in close succession, many of the most important formations which occupy a great part of the southern and eastern counties of England. Next to the basalt (descending westward towards Lough Foyle and the vale of the Roe, and to the rich lands in the vale of Moyola and its vicinity) is found chalk, in beds of an aggregate thickness of about 200 feet, analogous to the lower beds of the English chalk formation, and therefore approaching in character to white limestone, being used and commonly designated as such. Even in its fossils and organic remains, this chalk is perfectly identified with that of England. Next is seen mulatto, precisely analogous to the green sandstone formations of England : the mulatto rests immediately on a lias limestone, blue and argillaceous, disposed in small beds alternating with slate-clay, and distinguished by ammonites, gryphites, and other fossil remains. The lias, in turn, reposes, as in England, on beds of red and variegated marl, containing gj-psum, and even distinguished by numerous salt springs ; and this marl is underlaid by a thick deposit of red and variegated sandstone, containing clay galls, and incumbent on the mica- slate formation. Sometimes, however, the mulatto and lias are entirely wanting ; and the chalk may be seen immediately resting on the sandstone, both of which are constant and continuous. The deep valleys separating the detached eminences of the basalt region, afford abundant evidence of their formation in excavations of part of the solid strata by some vast convulsions or operations of nature. North-east of the source of the Roe is a small detached district of micaslate, nearly surrounded by the basaltic ridges of Benbradagh and Cragnashoack, and forming the entire mass of the mountain of Coolcoscrahan. The mountain limestone, which is micaceous and granular, occurs to the most remarkable extent on the north-west side of Carntogher mountain, in Bennady glen, near the old church at Dungiven, at Banagher, near Claudy, near Newtown-Limavady, and on Slieve-Gallion mountain, where it contains crystallised hornblende in abundance. Hornblende slate occurs in Bennady glen, Aglish glen, and the bed of the Roe river near Dungiven, where it is contiguous to the primitive limestone. Porphyry is the

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 95