A topographical dictionary of Ireland : comprising the several counties; cities; boroughs; corporate, market and post towns; parishes; and villages, with historical and statistical descriptions embellished with engravings of the arms of the cities, bishopricks, corporate towns, and boroughs ; and of the seals of the several municipal corporations .. (vol. 2)

Each story keeps the passage it was read from. Open one to read it as the scan has it, and, where the companion has written its own telling, that too. The passages are read off photographs of the page by machine, so a word here and there comes out wrong; they are kept as the reading produced them, so you can check any of them against the scan.

1. Tarbert seigniory granted by James I to Patrick Crosbie

   Tarbert · town · Kerry · 1603–1689

   The seigniory of Tarbert, including its island, was granted by James I to Patrick Crosbie on condition that he settle several Irish families brought from the King's county. At the Revolution the seigniory passed to the Leslie family.

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   TARBERT, an inland port and a post-town, in the parish of Kilxaughten, union of Listowel, barony of Iraghticoxnor, county of Kerry, and province of MuNSTER, '26 miles (N. E.) from Tralee, and 1'26 (S. W.) from Dublin ; containing 10'24 inhabitants. The seigniory of Tarbert, including the island of that name, was granted by James I. to Patrick Crosbie, Esq., on condition of his keeping on these lands several Irish families brought hither from the King's county, which condition was fulfilled by him and the subsequent proprietors. At the Revolution the seigniory was granted to the family of Leslie. The town is advantageously situated on the southern bank of the Lower Shannon, about 33 miles below Limerick, and at the head of the bay to which it gives name ; and though irregularly built, it has, on the whole, a neat appearance. In 1841 it comprised 185 houses. It has been much improved and enlarged of late years by the erection of some neat dwelling-houses and extensive corn-stores, a spacious Roman Catholic chapel, and a national school. Being the landing-place for passengers from Dublin and Limerick to Tralee and the lakes of Killarney, and being situated on one of the high roads from Limerick to the latter places, it has a good hotel and other accommodations for travellers. There is a considerable and increasing export trade in corn, butter, pigs, and other agricultural produce raised in the surrounding district, and chiefly sent to Limerick, with which city and the town of Kilrush the port has a communication, in summer daily, and iu winter on alternate days, by the vessels of the Inland Steam-Navigation Company : the voyage to the former place is generally performed in four hours. About ,50,000 barrels of grain, and 'JS.OOO pigs, are annually exported, and the export of butter during the season averages ^00 firkins per month. A variety of articles are imported from Limerick, and the import trade is likely to be much increased in consequence of the recent erection, by Mr. James Patterson, of Kilrush, of an extensive store for general merchandise. Fairs are held on Feb. -iOth, Easter-Monday, June o^nd, July '20th. Aug. 12th, and Dec. 11th.

   Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 317

2. Tarmonbarry bridges across the Shannon

   Termonbarry · parish · Roscommon

   The two branches of the Shannon at Tarmonbarry are crossed by two bridges connected by a raised causeway across an intervening island: seven arches on the Roscommon side and four on the Leinster side, forming a straight passage 126 yards long of imposing appearance.

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   TARMONBARRY, a parish, in the union of Longford, barony of North Ballintobber, county of Roscommon, and province of Connaught, on the road from Strokestown to Longford ; containing, with part of the market and post town of Ruskey (which see), 42*9 inhabitants. This parish, which is situated on the Shannon, comprises 9295 statute acres, about half being inferior arable and pasture land, and the other half consisting of unreclaimed bog. The two branches into which the Shannon is here divided are crossed by two bridges connected by a raised causeway across the intervening island ; that on the Roscommon side has seven arches, and that on the Leinster side four, the whole forming a straight passage, 126 yards in length, and of imposing appearance. A flat tract above the bridge is composed chiefly of the island of Cloondragh, formed by the Shannon, and by two branches of the river Camlin. At this island terminates the Royal Canal, in the navigable channel of the Camlin, which unites a little below with the Shannon. Here the Canal Company

   TART

   Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 317

3. Tartaraghan erected as a distinct parish

   near Tartaraghan · parish · Armagh · 1709–1710

   Tartaraghan, formerly part of the parishes of Drumcree and Loughgall, was separated by act of parliament in the 8th of Queen Anne and erected into a distinct parish. It is bounded by the rivers Bann and Blackwater and borders Lough Neagh.

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   TARTARAGHAN, or The Low Parish, a parish, in the unions of Lvrgan and Armagh, barony of Oneillaxd West, county of Armagh, and province of Ulster, 3 miles (N. E.) from Loughgall, and on the road from Lurgan, by Verner's-Bridge, to Dungannon ; containing 7313 inhabitants. This parish is bounded for a short distance on the north-east by the river Bann, and on the north-west by the river Blackwater ; it formerly was part of the parishes of Drumcree and Loughgall, from which it was separated by act of parliament in the 8th of Queen Anne, and erected into a distinct parish, comprising 11,61'2 statute acres, of which ^l^'^J are in Lough Xeagh and in small lakes. The lands are chiefly under tillage ; the soil is stiff and heavy, but fertile ; and the system of agriculture is progressively improving. In the lower extremity of the parish, bordering on Lough Neagh, is a large tract of valuable bog; and a quarry of whinstone is worked, chiefly for building. The principal seats are Crow Hill and Clantilew. About one-sixth of the population are employed in the linen manufacture. The parish contains a police station, and petty-sessions are held in the barrack once a month ; a manorial court is held at Clantilew, every third Thursday, for the recovery of debts to the amount of 40s.

   The living is a rectory, in the diocese of Armagh, and in the successive patronage of the Lord Primate, the Earl of Charlemont (two turns), and Lord Lurgan ; the tithe rent-charge is £-207. 6. 5. The glebe-house was erected in 1775, at an expense of £5'23, of which £100 were a gift from the late Board of First Fruits, and the remainder was defrayed by the then incumbent ; the glebe comprises 40 statute acres, valued at £50 per annum. The old church was pulled down, and the present church erected in 1816 at a cost of £1300, of Vol. II.— 553

   Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 317

4. Teltown's traditional fairs established by King Tuathal

   Teltown · townland · Meath

   Teltown, known in traditional history as Taltion, was celebrated for periodical assemblages of vast numbers from all parts for traffic, sports, and social intercourse. The custom was said to have been established or revived by King Tuathal.

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   TELTOWN, or Killalton, a parish, in the union of Kells, barony of Upper Kells, county of Meath, and province of Leinster, 3| miles (s. E.) from Kells, and on the road from Dublin to Enniskillen ; containing 1613 inhabitants. This place, under the name of Taltion, is celebrated in traditional history for the periodical assemblage of vast numbers from all parts for the purposes of traffic, sports, and social intercourse ; the custom is said to have been established or revived by King Tuathal. The parish appears to have derived its name from St. Teallean, who founded the church called Teachtelle, or " Teallean's House." It is situated on the river Blackwater, and the Carlanstown or Rosniin river, which joins the former at Bloomsbury ; and comprises 4266^ statute acres : about one-third is in tillage, and the remainder, with the exception of 200 acres of bog of inferior quality, is excellent pasture and meadow land. The seats are Bloomsbury, Teltown, and Hurdlestown. The parish is a rectory, in the diocese of Meath, entirely imjiropriate in Dominick O'Reilly, Esqs, and the representatives of Jas. C. Vincent, Esq. : the tithe rent-charge is £163. 8. In the Roman Catholic divisions, the parish is part of the district of Kilberry and Teltown, and contains a chapel, situated at Oristown. The old burial-ground remains.

   TEMPLEBEG, a parish, in the union of Thukles, barony of Upper Kilnemanagh, county of Tipperary, and province of Munster, 5 miles (S. E.) from Burriso'-leagh, and on the road from Newport to Thurles ; containing 1207 inhabitants, and comprising 3427 statute acres. It is a rectory, in the diocese of Cashel, entirely impropriate in the Marquess of Ormonde : the tithe rent-charge is £.50. 12. In the Roman Catholic divisions Templebeg is held with part of the parish of Toom, and contains a chapel.

   Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 319

5. Templebryan church ruins and Knights Templar cross

   Templebryan · parish · Cork · 1303

   On the summit of a gentle eminence in Templebryan are the ruins of the parochial church, of which only the foundations and part of the walls remain. In the burial-ground stands the shaft of a cross 11 feet high, set up in 1303 by the Knights Templars, who then possessed the whole parish and gave Templebryan its name.

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   TEMPLEBRYAN, a parish, in the union of Bandon, Eastern division of the barony of East Carbery, county of Cork, and province of Munster, 'i^ miles (N. N. W.) from Clonakilty, on the old road to Bandon ; containing 776 inhabitants. It comprises 11S9 statute acres : the soil is generally light, and that portion of it which is well cultivated is very productive ; on the waste land is some excellent turbary. The parish is in the diocese of Ross ; the rectory is appropriate to the see, and the vicarage forms the corps of a prebend in the cathedral of Ross, in the patronage of the Bishop. The tithe rent-charge is €101, of which £45 are payable to the prebendary, and the remainder to the Ecclesiastical Commissioners. The Protestant inhabitants attend divine worship at Clonakilty church. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish forms part of the district of Clonakiltj'. On the summit of a gentle eminence are the ruins of the parochial church, of which the foundations, and part of the walls, only remain : in the burial-ground is the shaft of a cross, 1 1 feet high, set up in 1303 by the Knights Templars, who at the period had possession of the whole parish, and from whom Templebryau received its present name. Nearly 557

   Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 320

6. Templecarn named from Magrath, first Protestant Bishop of Clogher

   Templecarn · parish · Donegal

   The parish of Templecarn, also called Termoncerin-Magrath, derives its name from having been the residence of Magrath, the first Protestant bishop of Clogher. The parish spans both counties Donegal and Fermanagh and contains 45,868 statute acres.

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   TEMPLECARNE, or Templecoin, a parish, in the union of Donegal, partly in the barony of Lurg, county of Fekmanagh, but chiefly in the barony of TYRm;GH,county of Donegal, and province of Ulster, 4 miles (W.) from Kesh ; containing 5934 inhabitants. This parish, which is also called Termoncerin-Magrath, from its having been the residence of Magrath, the first Protestant bishop of Clogher, is bounded on the south by Lough Erne, and comprises 45,868 statute acres, of which 7719 are in the county of Fermanagh. Of the whole, 2140^ are in Lough Derg, which is entirely within the parish ; 4400 are in Lower Lough Erne, and 1085^ in small loughs. About three-fourths of the land consist of heathy mountain, affording during the summer only a scanty pasturage to a few black-cattle ; the remainder, with the exception of a moderate portion of meadow, is principally under tillage. The soil is but indifferent, and the system of agriculture backward ; though some improvement has taken place in the low lands, general progress has been greatly retarded by the want of convenient roads through the district. Limestone abounds, and is quarried for agricultural uses ; there are also large quarries of excellent freestone, of millstones of peculiar hardness, and of a coarse kind of dark marble ; iron-ore is found here, and mines of it were formerly worked to advantage. The rivers Pettigoe, Omna, Letter, and Rossharbor, all of which abound with trout, pike, and eels, intersect the parish in various directions, and fall into Lough Erne. The principal mountains, among which are some small lakes well stored with fish, are Crocknacunny, Minchifin, Rushen, and Rossharbor. Lough Derg, a noble expanse of water, bordering on the eastern confines of the county of Donegal, is thickly studded with picturesque islands, the chief of which are, Saints' Island, called also St. Dabeoc's or St. Fintan's Island, from the supposed founder of a monastery upon it, of which there are some remains ; Turres or Station Island, so called from its being the resort of pilgrims on penance ; Innishtoesk ; and Goat, Eagle, Ash, Kelly's, Grouse, Lodge, and the Prior's Islands. The shores of the lake are precipitously steep, except in that part where the ferry-boat plies to convey visiters to the several islands ; and the scenery of the parish generally is strikingly diversified. Waterfoot, the residence of the Barton family, is pleasantly situated. Fairs are held on the 25th of every month except December, in which month a fair is held on the Wednesday next before Christmas-day, for cattle, sheep, pigs, and linen-yarn. A manorial court and pettysessions are held every other week.

   Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 321

7. Templemichael Castle ruins demolished by gunpowder

   Templemichael · townland · Waterford

   Below the abbey ruins are the ruins of the castle of Templemichael, which appears to have been demolished by gunpowder. The castle's destruction suggests a violent end, possibly during the Cromwellian or later conflicts.

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   The living is a vicarage, in the diocese of Lismore, united to that of Kilcockan, and in the patronage of the Duke of Devonshire ; the rectory is impropriate in R. Smyth, Esq. The tithe rent-charge of the parish is £495. 11., of which two-thirds are payable to the impropriator, and the remainder to the vicar ; the entire tithe of the benefice of the vicar is £238. 2. There is a glebe of three roods in Kilcockan, but no glebe-house. The church is a neat edifice, rebuilt in 1824 on the site of the ancient structure, the late Board of First Fruits contributing £500. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish is the head of a union, called Knockanore, and comprising the parishes of Templemichael, Kilcockan, and Kilwatermoy ; there are three chapels. The remains of St. Molanfide's Abbey are very extensive, and, being thickly overspread with ivy, have a very picturesque and interesting appearance ; they are preserved with great care : in the interior is a modern statue of the founder, habited in the costume of his order, erected on a pedestal. A little below these remains are the ruins of the castle of Templemichael, which appears to have been demolished by gunpowder ; and to the south, on an eminence called Rhincrew, are the ruins of another building, destroyed by similar means.

   TEMPLEMICHAEL, an ancient parish, in the parish of Kiluride, poor-law union of Rath drum, barony of Arklow, county of Wicklow, and province of Leinster, 2^ miles (N.) from Arklow ; containing about 360 inhabitants. It was separated from Arklow ecclesiastical union by act of council in 1833 ; and comprises 1325 statute acres : it is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of Dublin and Glendalough, now forming part of the ecclesiastical union of Kdbride. The church is in ruins. In the Roman Catholic divisions the place is part of the district of Newbridge and Baranisky, and contains a chapel.

   Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 323

8. Templemichael church in ruins, Wicklow

   Templemichael · townland · Wicklow

   The ancient parish of Templemichael in the barony of Arklow, separated from Arklow ecclesiastical union in 1833, has its church in ruins. It now forms part of the ecclesiastical union of Kilbride.

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   TEMPLEMICHAEL, an ancient parish, in the parish of Kiluride, poor-law union of Rath drum, barony of Arklow, county of Wicklow, and province of Leinster, 2^ miles (N.) from Arklow ; containing about 360 inhabitants. It was separated from Arklow ecclesiastical union by act of council in 1833 ; and comprises 1325 statute acres : it is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of Dublin and Glendalough, now forming part of the ecclesiastical union of Kdbride. The church is in ruins. In the Roman Catholic divisions the place is part of the district of Newbridge and Baranisky, and contains a chapel.

   TEMPLEMICHAEL-DE-DUAGH, a parish, in the union of Kinsale, barony of Kinnalea, county of Cork, and province of Munster, 25 miles (E.) from Innishannon, and on the road from Cork to Kinsale ; containing 7 1 1 inhabitants. This parish comprises 2064 statute acres. The land is generally very good, the soil deep, and based upon a substratum of clay-slate : agriculture is rapidly improving under the spirited exertions of some of the resident gentry ; the chief manure is seasand, brought up the Bandon river, and landed at the quays near Innishannon. About one-half of the land is under tillage, producing crops of corn and potatoes ; the remainder being pasture, except about 20 acres of valuable bog. The living is a rectory, in the diocese of Cork, and in the patronage of the Bishop; the tithe rent-charge is £186. 17-6. The glebe-house was built by aid of £300 and a loan of £500, in 1814, from the late Board of First Fruits ; the glebe comprises six acres. The church is a small handsome edifice, in the early English style, built in 1812 by aid of £600 from the same Board. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish forms part of the union of Ballynaboy.

   Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 323

9. Templemore parish named after Derry cathedral

   near Templemore · parish · Derry

   The parish of Templemore, also called Templederry and more anciently Derry or Derry-Columbkille, derives its name from the cathedral of Derry, meaning 'the Great Church.' The name distinguished the cathedral from smaller churches in its vicinity and was later extended to the whole parish.

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   TEMPLEMORE, a parish, in the north-west liberties of the city of Londonderry, union and county of Londonderry, and province of Ulster ; containing ■20,3*9 inhabitants, of whom 14,530 are in the city. This parish, also called Templederry, and more anciently Derry or Derry-Columbkille, derives its name Templemore, "the Great Church," from the cathedral of Derry: that name was applied to the cathedral in a popular acceptation, to distinguish it from the smaller churches in its immediate vicinity ; and, after the cathedral had been used as the parish church, the name was extended to the parish. The most ancient name of the district in which Derry is situated was Moy-Iha, "the Plain of Ith ;" Ith being uncle of Milesius, whose sons led into Ireland the celebrated colony that bore his name. This district, which comprehended the tract between Loughs Foyle and Swilly, and extended as far south as the river Fin, was afterwards divided between Owen and Enda, the two sons of Nial of the Nine Hostages ; under the names of biis-Owen, " Owen's Island, " and Tir-Enda, " Enda's Territory." Previously to the l^th century, Moy-Iha was occupied by a branch of the Kinel-Owen, called Clan-Conor, the most distinguished families of which were those of O'Cathan, O'Cairellan, O'Murry, O'Kennedy, O'Corran, O'Quin, and O'Dugan, most of whom having crossed the Foyle into county Derry, their places here were occupied by the Kinel-Moen, another branch of the Kinel-Owen, of which the O'Gormlys and O'Loonys were chiefs. These, in turn, were driven across the Foyle by the Kinel-Connell in the 15th century.

   Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 323

10. Templemore, Tipperary, origin as Knights Templars station

    Templemore · town · Tipperary

    Templemore in County Tipperary is supposed to have originated as a station of the Knights Templars, who were settled in the castle there. A remnant of that castle survives as one of the entrances to the Park.

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    county of Tipperary, and province of Mdnster, 31 miles (N. by W.) from Clonmel, and 65 (S. W.) from Dublin ; on the road from Athlone to Cork, on that from Cashel to Roscrea, and near a branch of the river Suir ; containing 5966 inhabitants, of whom 3685 are in the town. It is supposed that this place originated in its being a station of the Knights Templars, who were settled in the castle. The parish contains S47'2 statute acres, including about 700 acres of good land the property of the Provost and Fellows of Trinity College, Dublin : agriculture has much improved of late years, and the parish has in it some of the finest pasture and meadow land. The limestone-quarries here are very good, affording blocks of 20 feet, if required. The manor courts have been discontinued ; but petty-sessions are held every Thursday in the court or market house, a handsome decorated building in the centre of the town. Fairs are held in Jan., March, May, June, July, Sept., Oct., and Dec, for cattle, sheep, pigs, wool, &c. ; they are considered the best in the county. Templemore is remarkably healthy, and well supplied with water and fuel : every encouragement is given by the proprietor to induce the inhabitants to adopt improvements. The town is clean, well built, and modern ; it is approached on all sides by handsome avenues of ash-trees, and owes its very improved condition to the exertions of the late proprietor. Sir John Craven Garden, Bart, (father of the present proprietor), who granted the ground on which it stands, at a nominal rent, and under whose auspices the public buildings were erected. It contains extensive infantry barracks, with accommodations for 54 officers, 1500 men, and 30 horses, and an hospital attached for SO patients ; a bridewell ; a fever hospital ; and a dispensary.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 324

11. Templemoyle agricultural school established

    Templemoyle · townland · Derry · 1827

    In 1827 the Grocers' Company and local gentry established an agricultural school at Templemoyle with 140 acres allotted for practical farming experiments, connected to a classical school at Fallowlee.

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    MUFF, a village, in the parish of Faughanvale, barony of Tirkeeran, union and county of Londonderry, and province of Ulster, 6 miles (N. E.byE.) from Londonderry, on the old road to Coleraine ; containing 127 inhabitants. This place owes its origin to the Grocers' Company of London, to whom, on the settlement of Ulster, James L granted the adjacent lands, on which the company erected a large bawn and a strong castle, defended by a garrison of their own tenantry. The castle was besieged in 1641 by the insurgents under Colonel M'^Donnell, and gallantly defended by the garrison during the winter of that year, till relieved in the following summer by the troops from Derry ; it afterwards fell into the hands of the parliamentarians, by whom it was dismantled. The company, in 1626, erected a church here, which continued till 1821 to be the parish church of Faughanvale; and on the expiration of the leases, which they had granted for long terms, they resumed the management of their estate in 1819, since which period very considerable improvements have been made. The company's manor comprehends 38 townlands, extending into the parishes of Lower Cumber and Clondermot, and comprising 16,500 statute acres. The village has been entirely rebuilt ; the houses are large and of handsome appearance, the streets spacious and regularly laid out, and the roads leading to them well constructed and kept in good repair. Li conjunction with the resident gentry of the neighbourhood, the company in 1827 established an agricultural school at Templemoyle, with which a classical school at Fallowlee is connected ; and, for its use, allotted 140 acres for experiments in practical farming, in consideration of which they send three free pupils into the school. Fairs are held on the first Thursday in Feb., May, Aug., and Nov., for cattle, sheep, pigs, and various articles of merchandise. A receiving-house for letters has been established under Londonderry ; a constabulary police force is stationed here, and petty-sessions are held on the first Tuesday in every month. A manorial court is held monthly before the seneschal, for the recovery of 370

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 185

12. Templemuireguiedan church ruins, Knights Templar origin

    near Morgans · parish · Limerick · 1496

    Extensive ruins of the parish church at Morgans, called Templemuireguiedan, were originally erected by the Knights Templars and rebuilt by the Franciscan monks of Askeaton in 1496.

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    MORGANS, a parish, in the union of Rathkeale, barony of Lower Connello, county of Limerick, and province of Munster, 4 miles (W.) from Askeaton, and on the road from Limerick to Tarbert ; containing 564 inhabitants. This parish, which is situated on the southern bank of the Shannon, comprises 1"2'2S statute acres : the land is generally fertile, but, being much subdivided into small holdings, is badly cultivated ; it produces, however, good corn and potato crops, and some of the low lands afford excellent pasture. In the Shannon are several islands ; and near the banks of the river is the seat of Mount Pleasant. Morgans is a vicarage, in the diocese of Limerick, forming part of the union of Nantinan, and of the corps of the precentorship of Limerick ; the rectory is appropriate to the vicars-choral of Limerick. The tithe rent-charge is £40. 10., two-thirds payable to the lessees of the appropriators, and one-third to the vicar. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish is part of the district of Shanagolden. There are extensive ruins of the parish church, called Templemuireguiedan, originally erected by the Knights Templars, and rebuilt by the Franciscan monks of Askeaton in 1496.

    MORNINGTON, formerly a parish, now merged into CoLPE, in the union of Drogheda barony of 355

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 172

13. Temple-Mungrett: Knights Templars hospital site

    Mungret · town · Limerick

    Temple-Mungrett, located about half a mile north of the parish church, shows traces of ancient buildings that were formerly the hospital of the Knights Templars and later the mansion-house of the prior of Mungrett.

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    The LIVING is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of Limerick : the rectory forms part of the union of St. Mary and corps of the deanery of Limerick ; the vicarage is in the patronage of the Dean. The tithe rent-charge is £543. 15., .of which two-thirds are payable to the dean and the remainder to the vicar. The glebe-house, belonging to the vicarage, was built in 1S3I, by a gift of £350 and a loan of £450 from the Board of First Fruits ; the glebe comprises 7^ acres, besides which are '2^ acres belonging to the deanery. The church, a small but handsome cruciform edifice in the later English style, with an octagonal tower crowned with battlements and crocketed pinnacles, was b\iilt in 18'24, and the Board of First Fruits contributed £900 towards its erection. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish is the head of a district, called sometimes Loughmore, and comprising also the parishes of Crecora and Knocknegaul, and part of the parish of Kilpeacon ; the chapel, situated at Loughmore, is a small thatched building. The REMAINS of the ancient monastery include the walls of the church, divided into three unequal portions communicating with each other by low arches : the eastern gable of the choir has a narrow pointed -window ; the nave, which is large, is lighted by windows of similar character, and at the north-east angle of the western portion is a slender, square, embattled tower. To the east of this are the ruins of another church ; and, about 300 yards distant from it, the remains of a tower and gateway. About 150 yards north of the church is a massive well-built edifice, about 50 feet in length and 30 broad, with lofty walls and pointed gables, lighted by one narrow circular-headed window at the east end, and entered by a square-headed doorway on the west. There are also extensive foundations of buildings in the adjoining fields, at a considerable depth beneath the surface, occasionally discovered by the plough. About half a mile to the north of the parish church is Temple-Mungrett, around which are traces of ancient buildings, formerly the hospital of the Knights Templars, and afterwards the mansion-house of the prior of Mungrett. Near the eastern boundary of the parish, opposite to Ballincurra, are the ruins of a hermitage, subsequently an hospital for lepers.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 191

14. Temple-ne-Serin: Church of the Shrine of St. Jarlath

    Tuam · town · Galway · 540

    St. Jarlath, founder of the See of Tuam, died around 540. Long after his death his bones were discovered and deposited in a silver shrine placed in a church called Temple-ne-Serin, meaning 'the Church of the Shrine.'

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    supposed to have died in 540 ; and long after his death his bones were discovered, and deposited in a silver shrine, which was placed in a church or chapel called Temple-ne- Serin, or " the Church of the Shrine." Prior to the year 1150, Tirdelvac O'Conor, King of Ireland, founded a priory for Augustinian Canons, which he dedicated to St. John the Baptist; and in II6I Roderic O'Conor, then king, erected a strong castle of stone here, which obtained the appellation of " the wonderful castle." The town was shortly after destroyed by an accidental fire, but was soon restored, as in HI'S a great synod was convened here by Bishop Catholicus O'Dubhai, at which three churches were consecrated. An abbey for Praemonstratensian canons was founded either in the reign of John or early in that of Henry III., by one of the family of De Burgo, and dedicated to the Holy Trinity. In 1'244 the town, with all its churches, was destroyed by fire. In 1952, when Henry III. confirmed to Florence Mac Flin the Pope's bull for annexing the bishopric of Enaghdune to the see of Tuam, it was on condition that he should have a portion of land within the town for the erection of a castle, in exchange for other land of equal value. The same king by letterspatent granted to the Archbishop of Tuam a fair on the ^Sth of December and the seven following days. In 1356, the place was plundered and burnt by Charles Oge, son of William de Burgo.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 354

15. Templeogue church ruins and origin of the name

    Templeogue · townland · Dublin

    At Templeogue are the ruins of a church with a small burial-ground still in use. Archbishop Alan's Repertorium Viride records that it was a chapel of Kilmesantan, built on the safe side of the Dodder during wartime, and named Templeogue meaning 'New Church.'

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    sents a great variety of picturesque rural scenery. Pettysessions are held in the village every Tuesday : it is a police station, and has a dispensary ; a fair is held in it on the 10th of July. Near the bridge is a woollen factory, which empjoys about 100 persons; there are also paper and corn mills near it, worked by the waters of the Dodder and the Cruagh river, which form a junction here : at Rathgar are extensive calico print-works. The small villages of Roundtown and Templeogue are in the parish : in the latter are the ruins of a church, with a small burial-ground still used attached to it. Archbishop Alan states, in his " Repertorium i'iride," that the church was a chapel appendant to the church of Kilmesantan without the marches or pale ; that it was built on the hither side of the Dodder, as being a safer place to hear divine service in, during times of war ; and that from its late erection it had the name of Templeogue, which signifies "New Church," given to it.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 249

16. Templepatrick gives title to Upton family

    Templepatrick · townland · Antrim

    The place of Templepatrick gives the titles of Viscount and Baron Templetown to the Upton family. The Upton family mausoleum is located in the cemetery of the Temple church within Castle Upton.

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    quity. It consists of ten large tabular stones, supported on upright pillars in the manner of a cromlech, but ranged in a straight line 41 feet in length in a direction from north-east to south-west ; the stone at the north-eastern extremity is rather low, and every succeeding one increases in elevation towards the southwestern extremity, where the tabular stone is of very large dimensions and supported on five upright pillars. Various conjectures have been entertained as to the origin of this interesting relic ; the name literally implies " the Heap of the Sun." Not far from this is one of the mounds or forts so frequently found in Ireland ; it appears to have been very exteii.-ive and of great elevation, but has been much diminished and disfigured by the removal of the sand, of which, intermixed with common field stones, it was originally formed. Near Dunadry is a very perfect circle of large stones, and there are several other raths in the parish. This place gives the titles of Viscount and Baron Templetown to the Upton family.

    TEMPLEPATRICK, county of Westmeath.— See

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 325

17. Templepatrick old fortress and raths at Moyvore

    Templepatrick · townland · Westmeath

    At Templepatrick within the parish of Moyvore are the remains of an old fortress, and within the parish limits are several raths.

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    MOYVORE, or Templepatrick, a parish, in the union of Mullingar, barony of Rathconrath, county of Westmeath, and province of Leinster, 9^ miles (W.) from Mullingar, on the road to Ballyraahon ; containing 627 inhabitants, of whom 190 are in the village. The parish comprises 2151 statute acres ; a considerable portion is bog, and the remainder, which is of good quality, chiefly under tillage : limestone abounds. The village consists of 32 houses, and is a constabulary police station ; fairs are held on May 4th, iVug. 20th, and Dec. 5th. The parish is in the diocese of Meath, and is entirely impropriate in the representatives of the Earl of Belvedere ; the Protestant parishioners attend the church of Almoritia. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish is the head of a district, comprising the parishes of Moyvore, Forgney, and Piercetown, in which union are two chapels, one in each of the two latter places. At Templepatrick are the remains of an old fortress, and within the limits of the parish are several raths.

    MUCK, an island, in the parish of Kilmactrany, union of Boyle, barony of Tiraghrill, county of Sligo, and province of Connaught. It is situated in Lough Arrow, and comprises 2l| statute acres.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 185

18. Temple-Stran and Castle English at Killeedy

    near Strand · population centre · Limerick · 1291

    At Strand, near Glenquin, the Knights Templars erected Temple-Stran in 1291. The parish also contained Castle English (Cleanlis), a strong fortress whose owner enjoyed peculiar privileges.

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    KILLEEDY, a parish, in the union of Newcastle, barony of Glenguin, county of Limerick, and province of Munster, 4 miles (S.) from Newcastle, on the road from that place to Newmarket; containing 6341 inhabitants. The castle of Glenquin here, which gives name to the barony, was built by an Irish chieftain of the O'Hallinans, in 146'2, but was soon afterwards seized by the O'Briens, who retained possession for some years, when it was seized by the O'Hanlons, who in their turn were expelled by the Geraldines, by whom it was forfeited in the Desmond rebellion ; it was ultimately dismantled by Captain Raleigh. This castle was granted to Sir W. Courtney in 1591, together with the castle of Killeedy, which had been erected by the Knights Templars and had afterwards belonged to the earls of Desmond. At Strand, near Glenquin, the Knights Templars erected Temple-Stran, in 1291 ; and the castle of Cleanlis, or Castle English, a strong fortress, the owner of which enjoyed peculiar privileges, was also in this parish. It comprises '25,456 statute acres, of which 9059 are applotted under the Tithe act, and the remainder is mountain and bog : the mountains contain coal, ironstone, and limestone. At Hernsbrook is a very neat residence. The living is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of Limerick, forming the corps of the prebend of Killeedy in the cathedral of Limerick, and is in the patronage of the Bishop : the tithe rent-charge is £36 1. 19- The church and glebe-house were destroyed by the Rock-

    K I L— L E

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 38

19. Templetown church (1828) linked to Templar tower

    Templetown · townland · Wexford · 1828

    A neat church was built at Templetown in 1828 partly funded by the Board of First Fruits, connected by a corridor to the tower of Templetown, the sole surviving remains of the ancient church of the Templars, in the early English style.

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    TEMPLETOWN, or Kilcloghan, a parish, in the union of New Ross, barony of Shelburne, county of Wexkord, and province of Leinster, 1 mile (S. W.) from Fethard, on the road from that place to New Ross, by Duncannon Fort ; containing 14'26 inhabitants. The place probably derived its name from a preceptory of Knights Templars founded here in the reign of King John by one of the O'More family, and on the suppression of that order in the reign of Edward II. converted into a commandery of Knights Hospitallers, of which, in 13'26, Fitz David was the chief. The parish comprises 4156| statute acres, chiefly under tillage; the soil is loamy, and the state of agriculture has within the last few years been much improved. The principal residence is Ballystraw, a neat villa pleasantly situated. Templetown is an impropriate curacy, in the diocese of Ferns, forming part of the union of Hook ; the rectory is impropriate in the Marquess of Ely, to whom the tithe rent-charge, amounting to £9'2. 18., is wholly payable. The church, which was built in 1S28, partly by a gift of £100 from the Board of First Fruits, is a neat edifice, connected by a corridor with the tower of Templetown, the only remains of the ancient church of the Templars, in conformity with which it is in the early English style. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish is in the district of Hook ; there is a chapel at Templetown. Besides the remains of the Templars' church, are those of the castle of Kilcloghan, supposed to be of equal antiquity.

    TEMPLETRINE, a parish, partly in the Western division of the barony of East Carbery, but chiefly in the barony of Colrceys, union of Ki.nsale, county of Cork, and province of Munster, 4 miles (W. S. \V.) from Kinsale ; containing ^149 inhabitants. This parish, which is situated on the southern coast, on the western side of the Old Head of Kinsale, and near the 571

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 328

20. Templetown Knights Templar preceptory and Hospitaller commandery

    Templetown · townland · Wexford · 1199–1326

    A preceptory of Knights Templars was founded in Templetown during the reign of King John by a member of the O'More family. After the order's suppression under Edward II, it became a commandery of Knights Hospitallers, with Fitz David as chief in 1326.

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    TEMPLETOWN, or Kilcloghan, a parish, in the union of New Ross, barony of Shelburne, county of Wexkord, and province of Leinster, 1 mile (S. W.) from Fethard, on the road from that place to New Ross, by Duncannon Fort ; containing 14'26 inhabitants. The place probably derived its name from a preceptory of Knights Templars founded here in the reign of King John by one of the O'More family, and on the suppression of that order in the reign of Edward II. converted into a commandery of Knights Hospitallers, of which, in 13'26, Fitz David was the chief. The parish comprises 4156| statute acres, chiefly under tillage; the soil is loamy, and the state of agriculture has within the last few years been much improved. The principal residence is Ballystraw, a neat villa pleasantly situated. Templetown is an impropriate curacy, in the diocese of Ferns, forming part of the union of Hook ; the rectory is impropriate in the Marquess of Ely, to whom the tithe rent-charge, amounting to £9'2. 18., is wholly payable. The church, which was built in 1S28, partly by a gift of £100 from the Board of First Fruits, is a neat edifice, connected by a corridor with the tower of Templetown, the only remains of the ancient church of the Templars, in conformity with which it is in the early English style. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish is in the district of Hook ; there is a chapel at Templetown. Besides the remains of the Templars' church, are those of the castle of Kilcloghan, supposed to be of equal antiquity.

    TEMPLETRINE, a parish, partly in the Western division of the barony of East Carbery, but chiefly in the barony of Colrceys, union of Ki.nsale, county of Cork, and province of Munster, 4 miles (W. S. \V.) from Kinsale ; containing ^149 inhabitants. This parish, which is situated on the southern coast, on the western side of the Old Head of Kinsale, and near the 571

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 328

21. Terenure ornamental grounds and gardens near Roundtown

    Terenure · townland · Dublin

    Terenure is remarkable for the picturesque beauty of its grounds, with stately timber of many varieties and gardens containing more than 1,750 kinds of rose-trees. Its conservatories and hot-houses contain upwards of 12,000 square feet of glass.

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    ROUNDTOWN, a village, in the parish of Rathfarnham, union of South Dublin, barony of Rathdown, county of Dublin, and province of Leinster, ■i^ miles (S.) from the General Post-office : the population is 1048. The place takes its name from the arrangement of its cottages in the form of a circle ; it is neat, and pleasantly situated, and forms a pleasing feature in the environs of the metropoUs, to which it has a receiving-house for letters. In the immediate vicinity are numerous handsome seats and elegant villas. Bushy Park, the seat of Sir Robert Shaw, Bart., is a spacious mansion of brick, situated in an ample demesne tastefully embellished, and commanding some views of mountain scenery. Fortfield, the admired residence of the late Rt. Hon. Sir W. M^Mahon, Bart., master of the rolls, is pleasingly situated in grounds beautifully ornamented and comprehending much scenery of interest. Kimmage. the seat of the Rt. Hon. F. Shaw, recorder of Dublin, is a handsome mansion in the ancient English style, also in a demesne highly cultivated. Terenure is remarkable for the picturesque beauty of its grounds, embellished with stately timber of many varieties, and its gardens laid out with great taste and comprehending a rich selection of choice plants and flowers. In the demesne and gardens are numerous varieties of orange-trees, ash, elm, horsechesnut, holly, and hawthorn, and more than 1750 different kinds of rose-trees ; the conservatories and hothouses contain upwards of 12,000 square feet of glass, and the whole is arranged in the most perfect order, and preserved with the greatest care. The other seats, more or less distinguished for beauty of situation and variety of scenery, are St. John's, Mountain View, Westbourne Lodge, Ashfield, Bessborough, &c.

    ROUNDWOOD, or Togher, a village, in the parish of Derralossory, union of Rathdrum, barony

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 267

22. Terryglass town and abbey repeatedly destroyed

    Terryglass · townland · Tipperary · 801–1162

    The town and abbey of Terryglass were destroyed by accidental fires in 801, 1112, and 1162, plundered and destroyed by the Danes in 842, and wholly destroyed by the people of O'Maney in 1140. Little remains of this celebrated seat of learning and religion.

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    TERRYGLASS, a parish, in the union of Nenagh, barony of Lower Ormond, county of Tipperary, and province of Munster, 5 miles (W. N. W.) from Burriso -kane, and on the road from Portumna to Nenagh ; containing 2953 inhabitants. At this place, anciently called Tirdaglas, " the country of the two greens," St. Patrick is said to have baptized several inhabitants of Thomond, who came across the Shannon to him. St. Columba, a disciple of St. Finian, founded a monastery here, of which he became the first abbot, about the middle of the 6th century ; dying of the pestilence in 552, he was interred here, and was succeeded by his brother, St. Mochoemius. In 801, 1112, and 1162, the town and abbey were destroyed by accidental fires ; iu 842 they were plundered and destroyed by the Danes, and in 1140 the whole place was destroyed by the people of O'Maney, a small territory around the barony of Tyaquin, county of Gahvay. Little remains of this celebrated seat of learning and religion, of which subsequently to 1 162 we find no further historical notice. The PARISH, which is bounded on the north-west by the Siiannon, comprises 9762 statute acres. The land is light, and partly in tillage : about 2000 acres are bog, whirh might be reclaimed by a canal to the Shannon ; and 106 acres are woodland, the greater portion of which, called Killanow Wood, is the property of the Globe Insurance Company. A flour-mill at Ballinderry, and one at Carrigahorig, are supplied by two small rivers. Limestone abounds, and is used principally for building ; at Castle Biggs, near Lough Derg, is a marble-quarry of a deep black colour. The gentlemen's seats are, Castle Biggs, situated in a very neat demesne, in which is a square tower, commanding an extensive view of the Shannon and the surrounding country ; Slevoir ; Ashgrove ; and the glebe-house.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 329

23. Theatre in Back-street, Wexford, converted to auction room

    Wexford · town · Wexford · 1824

    A small theatre was built in Wexford's Back-street about thirteen years before the publication as a private speculation. Having not succeeded, it was used as an auction and commission sale-room without alteration to its internal arrangements.

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    the Chamber of Commerce, established in 1831 : two other reading-rooms have been opened. The Wexford Union Club, formed in 1833, is held in a building erected for it on the quay. Two newspapers are published, each twice a week, and professing respectively conservative and independent principles. A small theatre was built in the Back-street about thirteen years since, as a private speculation, which not having succeeded, it is used as an auction and commission sale-room, without any alteration in its internal arrangements : a circulating library is kept in its lobby. Balls for public charities and on other occasions are given in the Assembly-rooms, a handsome suite <>( apartments. The castle and its surrounding grounds, granted by Cromwell to a person named Borr, were sold about a century since to the government by that individual's representative, who contracted to convert it into a spacious barrack ; but the transaction being made the subject of parhamentary inquiry, the contractor, who was a member of the house of commons, was obliged to vacate his seat, and the treaty was put an end to. The present barracks, situated at the commencement of the Faithe, form a considerable range of building, capable of affording sufficient accommodation for seven officers and 172 non-commissioned oflicers and privates, with an hospital for twelve patients. Several new streets have been opened within the last few years, but much is yet to be accomplished in the general improvement of the town, many of the cross lanes which connect the principal thoroughfares being of very unsightly appearance, extremely narrow and irregular, and presenting almost every indication of decay and poverty.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 399

24. The Curragh as Ireland's Newmarket for horse racing

    near The Curragh · locality · Kildare · 1821–1837

    The Curragh, under a ranger appointed by the crown, was distinguished as the 'Newmarket' of Ireland, serving as the principal race-meeting and a central spot for breeding and training the best horses. George IV attended a race meeting there in 1821.

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    The TOWN, consisting of 327 houses, is situated on boldly rising ground, and, from the numerous remains of its ancient religious edifices, and its former importance, is a place of considerable interest. It is badly supplied with water, raised from a very deep well near the market-house, by a forcing pump, into a publie cistern ; the principal streets are portions of the public roads, and are kept in repair by the county. Kildare is a great resort during the races, which are held on the Curragh in the last week of April, the second Monday in June, and the second Monday in October, when the king's plates are contested. A gift of two annual plates of £100 each was obtained through Sir W. Temple ; and, in 1821, George IV. attended a meeting at this place. The Jockey Club have a house in the town, for the use of the members during the races, which are well attended and under good regulations. The Curragh is under the care of a ranger appointed by the crown, and is distinguished as the "Nesvmarket " of Ireland, not only as the principal race-meeting, but as a central spot for the breeding and training of the best horses in the country. No manufactures are carried on in the town, nor any trade except what arises from its public situation and for the supply of the neighbourhood. The market is on Thursday ; and fairs are held on Feb. 12th, April 5th and 26th, May 12th, June 29th, and Sept. 19th : the markethouse is a neat building. There is a constabulary police station. By charter of James II. the town was governed by a corporation consisting of a sovereign (who was a justice of the peace), two portreeves, 20 burgesses, and an indefinite number of freemen, assisted by a recorder, town-clerk, two serjeants-at-mace, and other officers. The charter was granted in the fourth year of the king's reign, and recites that the town of Kildare had been an ancient borough, but that its franchises, liberties, and privileges, had been seized into the sovereign's hands by a judgment of the court of exchequer ; it then declares that the place shall be a free borough having the same boundaries as those it had formerly possessed, and lays down the necessary regulations for its government. The corporation returned two members to the Irish parliament till the Union, when the borough was disfranchised, and the £15,000 awarded as compensation were paid to 'W'illiam, Duke of Leinster. The borough court had jurisdiction to the extent of five marks, but no proceedings have issued from it for several years; since 1S28 neither sovereign nor any other officer has been elected, and the corporation is virtually extinct. The quarter-sessions for the county are held here in April and October, and petty-sessions every alternate Thursday. 52

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 20

25. The Curragh of Kildare: celebrated sheep-walk and race-ground

    near The Curragh · locality · Kildare

    The Curragh is an extensive sheep-walk of above 6000 acres with remarkably soft, elastic turf and a fine dry loam on limestone. It has long been celebrated as the principal race-ground in Ireland, considered equal or superior to Newmarket.

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    crossed by the great road from Dublin to Limerick ; and is, in fact, an extensive sheep-walk of above 6000 acres, forming a more beautiful lawn than the hand of art ever made. Nothing can exceed the extreme softness and elasticity of the turf, which is of a verdure that charms the eye, and is still further set off by the gentle inequality of the surface : the soil is a fine dry loam on a substratum of limestone. It is depastured by numerous large flocks turned on it by the occupiers of the adjacent farms, who alone have the right of pasture, which greatly enhances the value of these farms. The plain has long been celebrated as the principal raceground in Ireland, and is equal, if not superior, to that of Newmarket, in all the requisites for this sport.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 20

26. The Cut of Killeshin: hill pass to the collieries

    Killeshin · townland · Laois

    The Cut of Killeshin is a remarkable pass on the road from Carlow to the collieries, carried through a lofty hill for more than half a mile, measuring 10 to 40 feet deep and 21 feet wide.

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    KILLESHIN, a parish, in the union of Carlow, barony of Slievmarcve, Queen's county, and province of Leinster ; containing, with a part of the suburbs of Carlow, called Graigue, 5278 inhabitants. It comprises 10,905^: statute acres, and, with the exception of about 40 acres of woodland and 200 of bog, consists of arable and pasture land : the agriculture is good ; and the mountains, which rise 1000 feet above the river Barrow, are cultivated to their summits. Sandstone and limestone are found here, and extensive collieries are worked : there were formerly smelting-furnaces, which were discontinued for want of fuel. The chief seats are Springhill, Ardcleagh, Barno, Everton, and Old Derig. The living is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of Leighlin ; the rectory is in the patronage of the Crown, and the vicarage in that of the Bishop, but they are held by one incumbent : the net income amounts to £332. The church has been rebuilt, and is a very handsome edifice in the early English style ; the Ecclesiastical Commissioners gave £S00 towards defraying the expense, and private subscriptions were added to a large amount : it has a neat organ, and an excellent choir. From the churchyard, which has been tastefully laid out, and planted with flowers, shrubs, and forest-trees, is a fine prospect of Carlow and its environs ; and the view from the old church is also beautiful. In the Roman Catholic divisions this parish is the head of a district, comprising also the parish of Slatey, and has chapels at Graigue and Killeshiu, the latter of which stands on an artificial mound and has octagon towers at the corners. Here is a very strong chalybeate spring, which was formerly in high repute. The ruins of the old parish church have an ornamented entrance, encircled with an illegible inscription in Irish characters ; and near it is the site of an ancient round tower ; also the remarkable " Cut of Killeshin," which is a pass on the road from Carlow to the collieries, carried through a lofty hill for more than half a mile, and from 10 to 40 feet deep and 21 wide. Within the parish are some ruins which seem to be the foundations of the public buildings of an ancient town. At Old Derig was the

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 38

27. The Danes' fort near Kilfinane

    Kilfinane · town · Limerick

    Outside the town of Kilfinane is a mound called the Danes' fort, about 130 feet high and encircled by seven earthen ramparts, from whose summit an extensive view is obtained.

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    The living is a vicarage, in the diocese of Limerick, united by act of council to the vicarage of Daragh, forming the union of KUfinane, in the patronage of the Earl of Cork, partly in whom and partly in the family of Freeman the rectory is impropriate. The tithe rentcharge of the parish is £247. 10., of which £78. 15. are payable to the Earl of Cork, and £123. 15. to the vicar; the rectorial tithe of Bossonstown, Bosnitstown, and Moorestown, amounting to £45, is payable to the family of Freeman. The church was rebuilt in 1760, and is a large plain edifice. The glebe-house was built in 1S13, the late Board of First Fruits giving £400 and lending £386 ; the glebe comprises 4^ acres. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish is the head of a district, comprising the parishes of Kilfinane, Particles, and Ardpatriek, and containing two chapels ; one a large plain building at Kilfinane, erected in 1835 at an expense of £1000; and one at Ardpatriek. Adjoining the church are the ruins of an ancient castle, built by the Roches. Near the town are a rath and three strong forts ; also a large artificial cave. Castle Oliver, which was successively occupied by the Fitz-Harrises and the Roches, and since 1641 by the Olivers, is now in ruins. Eastward of the town is a fine sulphuro-chalybeate spring, of great efficacy in cutaneous diseases. Outside the town is " the Danes' fort," a mound about 130 feet high, 50 feet in diameter at the base, and 20 at the summit, encircled by seven earthen ramparts about 20 feet apart, gradually diminishing in height from the innermost to the outermost, which is about 10 feet high and 2000 feet in circuit : an extensive view is obtained from the summit.

    KILFINURA, a village, in the parish of Ballynahaglish, union of Tralee, barony of Trughenackmy,

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 24

28. The Furnace iron-ore works in Macrony

    Macroney · parish · Cork

    At a place called The Furnace, at the head of the vale, iron-ore was worked to a great extent and smelted on the spot. The works were discontinued about 80 years previously because the timber became too valuable for fuel.

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    MACRONY, a parish, in the union of Fermoy, barony of Condons and Clongibbons, county of Cork, and province of Munster, 2 miles (N. N. E.) from Kilworth, on the road to Lismore ; containing 3406 inhabitants. It comprises 83*1 statute acres: the land, though in general of an inferior quality, is chiefly under tillage, a large portion of the mountain waste having been lately brought into cultivation ; there is a small portion of bog. Limestone raised in the adjoining parish is generally burnt for manure, and slate was formerly worked in the vicinity. The river Araglyn, which separates this parish from Leitrim, winds through a vale covered on both sides with a dense wood of oak, chiefly planted by W. C. Collis, Esq. At the head of the vale, at a place called The Furnace, iron-ore was worked to a great extent, and smelted on the spot ; but the timber becoming too valuable for fuel, the works were discontinued about 80 years since. There are two small corn-mills on the river, employed in grinding oats. Near The Furnace, where the counties of Cork,Tipperary, and Waterford meet, is a station of the constabulary police, supported at the joint expense of the three counties. Castle Cooke, a seat, is beautifully situated on the Araglyn, in the midst of extensive and valuable plantations. The parish is in the diocese of Cloyne ; the rectory is impropriate in the representatives of Messrs. E. & B. Norcott, and the vicarage forms part of the union of Kilworth ; the tithe rent-charge is £345, payable in equal portions to the impropriator and the vicar. In the Roman Catholic divisions, also, the parish is part of the union of Kilworth, and has a chapel. 290

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 122

29. The Garrison at Lower Newcastle

    Newcastle Lower · townland · Wicklow

    The grounds of Lower Newcastle contain the remains of an old fortification known as the Garrison. This is one of several notable seats and antiquities located within the Newcastle parish.

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    The village is situated two miles (S. S. E.) from Newtown-Mount-Kennedy. The church village occupies a gradual ascent commanding a fine view of the sea, which bounds an intervening prospect of rural scenery, the effect of which is much increased by the ruins of the old castle and the simple and neat modern edifice of the parish church. Fairs are held on April 1st, July 10th, Sept. 1st, and Dec. 6th. There is a coast-guard station at Five-mile Point, belonging to the district of Glyn. The parish contains several elegant seats, besides those iu the immediate vicinity of Newtown-Mount- Kennedy. Among the finest is Woodstock, the residence of Lord Robert Ponsonby Tottenham, Bishop of Clogher ; the mansion is a large square building, in the centre of a finely wooded demesne, commanding an extensive prospect bounded by the sea : it was a favourite residence of Marquess Wellesley, during his first vice-royalty. Of the numerous other seats and villas, that add so much to the charms of this delightful district, are. Mount John ; Killadreenan, commanding an extensive sea view, with the entrance of the beautiful glen of Dunran ; Seamore Lodge, which enjoys a fine view of the Sugar-loaf mountains and Bray Head ; Lower Newcastle, in the grounds of which are the remains of an old fortification, called the Garrison ; Upper Leabeg ; Leamore, commanding a view of Wicklow Head, with its two lights ; Lower Leabeg ; Cooldross ; and Kilmullen.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 204

30. The Giant's Grave at Rathronan

    Rathronan · townland · Tipperary

    The parish of Rathronan features an eminence known as the Giant's Grave, where coal excavations uncovered a thin bed of wavellite at a depth of 40 feet. Rathronan House is the property of General Sir Hugh Gough, who was elevated to the peerage in 1846.

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    RATHRONAN, a parish, in the union of Clonmel, barony of Iffa and Offa East, county of Tipperarv, and province of Munster, l^- mile (N.) from Clonmel, on the road to Fethard ; containing 1112 inhabitants. The parish comprises 2641 statute acres, and rests chiefly on a limestone substratum ; the soil is very good, producing fine wheat and rich pasturage, without waste land or bog. A flour-mill is situated on a stream which flows through the parish. Excavations have been made in quest of coal, at an eminence called the Giant's Grave ; the last shaft sunk (in a black slaty rock) passed through a thin bed of wavellite, at a depth of 40 feet : the proprietor is about to renew the experiment. Rathronan House is the property of General Sir Hugh Gough, now Lord Gough, elevated to the peerage in 1846, in reward of his brilliant services in

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 252

31. The Glen chasm at base of Knocknarea mountain

    near Knocknarea · mountain or mountain range · Sligo

    At the base of Knocknarea mountain is a chasm commonly called 'The Glen,' apparently formed by a violent convulsion of nature. About a mile long, it features considerable breadth and depth, trees, and small cascades.

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    In the same parish are two wells much resorted to for devotional purposes : one of them, called Tubber Art, is celebrated for its efficacy in restoring to health persons whose cases have-^proved hopeless under the ordinary modes of treatment. In a rock near the entrance to the old church in Innismore, or Church Island, in Lough Gill, is a cavity called "My Lady's Bed," in which women lie down and repeat a certain formulary, believing themselves to be thus secured from the peril of death in childbed. Among the natural curiosities, may be mentioned a singular peculiarity in a stream in Glenduff, in which, when the wind blows strong from the south-west, at every gust the water, which flows perpendicularly down the mountain, is divided into two, and one part flows to the bottom, while the other is carried back up the mountain ; the channel of the stream being quite dry as long as the gust continues. At the base of Knocknaree mountain is a chasm, commonly called " The Glen," apparently formed by some violent convulsion of nature ; it is about a mile long, of considerable breadth and depth, in several parts well furnished with trees, and enlivened by small cascades. Sulphureous and chalybeate springs are found among the mountains of Tyreragh, where also the common spring and river waters are peculiarly pure and pellucid. This county gives the title of Marquess to the family of Browne. John Browne, an ancestor of the marquess, was created a baronet of Nova Scotia in l63'i : and his second son, of the same name, was a colonel in King James's service, and one of the capitulators of Limerick. The colonel's grandson, John Browne, Esq., M. P. for Castlebar, was elevated to the peerage of Ireland in 1*50 by the title of Baron Monteagle, of Westport, county Mayo ; and in 1*68 was made Viscount Westport, and in 1**1 Earl of Altamount : his grandson, the third earl, was created an Irish marquess and an English baron in the beginning of the present century.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 291

32. The Golden Vale: richest land in Ireland

    near Golden Vale · locality · Limerick

    The Golden Vale, named for the extraordinary richness of its soil, extends through County Limerick from Pallaskenry to Kilfinane and Kilfrush, a distance of thirty-two miles. The most productive tract of about 100,000 acres lies around Bruff, Kilmallock, Athlacca, and Hospital.

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    From the banks of this river, stretches south-eastward a vast tract of land which is justly considered to be the richest in Ireland, the soil being in general a deep mellow loam, for the most part based on limestone and fit for every kind of culture. The most productive tract, comprising about 100,000 acres, is in the neighbourhoods of BrufF, Kilmallock, Athlacca, and Hospital, forming part of the district called, from the extraordinary richness of its soil, " The Golden Vale," which extends through this county in length from Pallaskenry to Kilfinane and Kilfrush, a distance of thirty-two miles, and in breadth from Drehidtarsna, by the city of Limerick, to Abington, a distance of eighteen. The Carcasses, or low meadow lands, which extend from the Mague along the Shannon to Limerick, have a substratum of yellow and blue clay, covered with a black mould, occasionally mixed with sand and gravel. The soil of other parts of the county not occupied by mountain, particularly to the west of the river Deel, consists of a light loam resting on limestone or stiff clay, and well suited both for pasture and tillage. In several of the lower districts are small detached portions of bog, which kind of land is exceedingly valuable in some places, bringing the high rent of £1 per rood ; when reclaimed, it is peculiarly adapted to the culture of hemp, though very little either of flax or hemp is grown in the county. A great part of the surface of the western mountains, also, is a light turbary, but not so good as that in the low grounds. The climate of the county is remarkably good, and the weather less variable than in any other county in Ireland ; an effect which has been much promoted by the drainage and cultivation of the bogs. It is said, that, in some seasons, the heat of the summer's sun is scarcely powerful enough to ripen thoroughly the heavy crops of grain. The entire face of the country, notwithstanding its great natural fertility, presents a denuded appearance, from the want of trees ; hedge-rows being very uncommon, and timber trees in any number being seldom seen except in the immediate vicinity of the residences of the wealthier proprietors.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 73

33. The Golden Vale's fertile landscape around Tipperary

    Tipperary · town · Tipperary

    The fertile plain known as the "Golden Vale" is situated between the Kilnamanagh and Galtee ranges, with the town of Tipperary at its centre. The area's soil is noted for its surpassing richness.

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    The suRF.\CE of the county is composed of several extensive and fertile tracts of champaign country, separated from each other by ranges of hills. The greatest tract of level country is that watered by the Suir,from its source near Roscrea to Ardfinnan; extending in length about 50 miles, and in breadth averaging 15. But although it presents a nearly level appearance when viewed from the surrounding heights, owing to the general equality of its successive swells, yet it is found to be diversified with slightly depressed valleys and gentle elevations, which, combined with an exuberant fertility, afford a pleasing though by no means a picturesque succession of scenery. The part of this plain between the Kilnamanagh and Galtee ranges, in the centre of which the town of Tipperary is situated, and which is bounded by a line drawn from Bansha to Thomastown near Golden, on the east, and by another from Galbally in county Limerick through Pallasgreine to the Bilboa mountains, on the west, has been designated the " Golden Vale, " on account of the surpassing richness of its soil.

    The general elevation of the surface of the Suir district is about 400 feet above the level of the sea, though in some parts it does not exceed '250 : from Cashel upwards it varies from 3'26 to 474 feet. On the east the plain is bounded at first by a large tract of bog, a branch of that of .-lllen, extending into the contiguous county of Kilkenny ; farther south it is inclosed by the low range of the Stievardiigh hills, forming the Killenaule coal district, extending from the vicinity of Freshford in the

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 337

34. The Hag's Tooth mountain prominence and romantic lakes

    Killinane · parish · Kerry

    On one of the mountains of Killinane parish is a remarkable prominence called "The Hag's Tooth." On the north side of this prominence are several small romantic lakes.

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    KILLINANE, a parish, in the union of Cahirci- VEEN, barony of Iveragh, county of Kerry, and province of MvNSTER, 4 miles (N. E.) from Cahirciveen, on the road to Milltown ; containing 3.569 inhabitants. This parish is situated on the southern shore of Dingle bay, and at the inner extremity of the harbour of Valencia : it comprises '.J6,868 statute acres, of which 5030 consist of arable land, 75SO of mountain jiasture, and the remainder (with the exception of about 40 acres of woodland) of rocky mountain, waste, and bog. Towards the sea arc mountains of great elevation, afforiiing pasture during the summer months ; the intervening valleys are coarse and rocky, with only a small proportion of tillage. On one of the mountains is a remarkable prominence called "The Hag's Tooth," on the north side of which are some small romantic lakes. The sea on the north-east forms several creeks ; that of Kells affords shelter to small vessels, and near it is a coast-guard station, being one of the four included in the district of Valencia. The river Fahrta, which rises near the south-east end of the parish, is navigable for boats a considerable way up from the harbour of Valencia, affording great facility for the conveyance of sea-weed and sand ; the latter, which is brought from Begnis Island, is of superior quality, and constitutes a valuable manure. The parish is in the diocese of Ardfert and Aghadoe, and is a rectory, forming part of the imion of Cahir : the tithe rent-charge is £1^0. 12., and there is a glebe of 6li acres. In the Roman Catholic divisions Killinane is part of the district of Cahirciveen ; there is a chapel at Tielmore. At Deelis is a schoolhouse with apartments for the master, built in 1833, at the expense of Mrs. Raymond, for the education of the male children of her tenantry, and endowed by her with £20 per annum. The ruins of the old church still remain, in the burial-ground at Seugrany.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 39

35. The Heading tunnel near Killarney

    Killarney · town · Kerry

    About five miles from Killarney on the road towards Kenmare, a tunnel called 'The Heading' was cut through solid rock, 45 feet in length. From this point the Upper Lake is seen in fine perspective with its islands and bays.

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    About five miles from Killarney the road is conducted through a tunnel, called *' Tlie Heading," 45 feet in length, cut through the solid rock. From this point the Upper Lake is seen in beautiful perspective, with its widest expanse of water, its wood-crowned islands and picturesque bays, in some parts fringed with foliage of every shade, and in others marked with features of sublime and rugged grandeur, till it is lost in the distance between the majestic mountains that form its remoter boundaries. On the approach from Keumare the lakes, with their winding river, appear in a great vista between mountains wild and rocky towards their summit, but clothed at their base with luxuriant foliage to the water's edge. Here the Upper Lake displays its chief beauties, presenting at a single glance one of the grandest combinations of the sublime and beautiful in the works of nature. About halfway between Killarney and Kenmare the road descends towards the former between the base of the mountains and the southern shore of the lake, through the thick woods with which the mountains are clothed ; the arbutus and the " London pride" flourish here in the greatest luxuriance. In its progress towards Killarney, the road affords some fine views of the Middle Lake and the interesting scenery in- the neighbourhood of Muckross. Of the three lakes, the scenery of the Lower is considered the most beautiful, that of Tore the most picturesque, and that of the Upper Lake the most sublime ; taken altogether they are perhaps unrivalled by any of equal extent in Europe.

    KILLARNEY, a parish, in the barony of Gowran, union and county of Kilkenny, and province of Leinster, 5 miles (S. W.) from Gowran ; containing 75 inhabitants, and 155 statute acres. It is a rectory, in the diocese of Ossory, entirely appropriate to the economy estate of the cathedral of St. Canice, Kilkenny ; the tithe rent-charge is £16. 1. 9. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish forms part of the district of Thomastown, and contains a chapel. Here are the ruins of a castle said to have been formerly occupied by the Grace family.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 36

36. The Hill of Tara and the Stone of Destiny

    near Tara · hill or hills · Meath

    The Hill of Taragh held the general assembly of the kingdom triennially from an early period to the end of the sixth century. It was also where the Labheireg, or 'stone of destiny,' was kept for the inauguration of monarchs before being removed by Edward I.

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    The Eblani, whose territory also extended over Dublin and Kildare, are mentioned by Ptolemy as being settled in this county. According to the native divisions the district formed part of one of the five kingdoms into ■which Ireland was partitioned, and was known by the name of Mithe, Methe, Media or Midia ; perhaps from its central situation. Other writers, however, derive its name from the Irish Mlaith or Magh, a " plain," or "level country," a derivation indicative of its natural character. It was afterwards divided into two parts ; Oireamhoin, or " the eastern country," which comprehended the portion now known by the name of Meath ; and Eireamhoiii, or " the western country," comprehending the present counties of Westmeath and Longford, ■with parts of Cavan, Kildare, and the King's county. The prince of East Meath was O'Nial, hereditary chieftain of Caelman or Clancolman, who is distinguished in the native annals by the name of the Southern O'Nial. The district surrounding the hill of Taragh was originally called Magh-Breagh. On this hill, styled also "Teamor, from Teaghmor, " the great house," was held the general assembly of the states of the kingdom, which met triennially, from a very early period to the end of the sixth century. Here was preserved the Labheireg, or " stone of destiny," on which the monarchs of Ireland were placed at their inauguration, and which, after having been removed to Scotland, was carried away by Edward I., among the other trophies of his victory, tt) Westminster, where it still remains. From this hill, which St. Patrick chose as the most appropriate place for promulgating the object of his mission, the Christian religion spread itself rapidly over every part of the island ; and the numerous religious institutions founded by that apostle and his immediate disciples throughout the surrounding districts, attest the rapid progress and permanence of the new doctrine. This part of Ireland suffered severely by the invasions of the Danes. In 838, Turgesius, king of that nation, sailed up the Boyne ; and after making the country the scene of unexampled devastation, in which the persons and property of the Christian clergy were principal objects of persecution, he fixed here his seat of government. The erection of the raths scattered over the county is attributed to him and his followers ; one of them, of peculiar extent and strength, in the immediate neighbourhood of Taragh, is said to have been his chief place of residence. After his assassination by Melaghlin, King of Meath, the Danes who escaped a similar fate, after a continued struggle for more than a century, were totally defeated at Taragh in 980. Yet the frequent destruction of monasteries and towns recorded in the annals of the religious houses, afford melancholy proof that, though unable to regain their former dominion, this ferocious and warlike people were powerful enough to disturb the tranquillity of the country by their frequent predatory incursions.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 148

37. The Long Stones near Jigginstown

    Jigginstown · townland · Kildare

    About two miles from Jigginstown stand two pillar-stones known as the Long Stones, part of the network of ancient standing stones in County Kildare. They are described alongside similar monuments in the vicinity.

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    here are sixteen small conical hills, supposed to be the seats on which the elders sat. Not far from the rath is a single pillar-stone, called Gobhlan, about seven feet high, supposed to have been erected for the worship of Baal. Similar stones are to be seen at Kilgowan, Furnace, and Punch's Town, all in the vicinity of Naas. At Harristown, near Kilcullen, is another of those taper upright stones, with a conical top ; and about two miles from Jigginstown are two, known by the name of the Long Stones. The rath of Knock-Caellagh, near Kilcullen, consists of a tumulus surrounded by a circular intrenchment, '20 feet wide and 10 deep, with a rampart outside the trench : Cromwell is said to have encamped here on his way to the south. Others less remarkable, yet worthy of notice, are to be seen near Rheban, two miles north of Athy, at Kildare, at Naas, near Kilkea Castle, at Moone, at Clane, at Lyons (across which rath the boundary line of the counties of Kildare and Dublin passes), and at Rathsallagh, near Duncavan. On the Curragh are numerous earthworks, most of which appear to be sepulchral, forming a chain of fourteen small raths or circular intrenchments without ramparts, in a line of nearly three miles, extending east and west. A tradition has long prevailed of a stupendous heathen monument of huge stones existing here ; but no vestige of it can now be discovered.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 20

38. The Murrough sand bank protects Wicklow's coastal marsh

    near Murragh · locality · Wicklow

    A flat tract of boggy marsh extends along the shore from Wicklow to near Greystones, protected from the sea by a broad bank of sand and gravel called the Murrough, which presents a beautiful smooth sward at the back.

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    To the east of the mountain range, and at the northern extremity of the county, rise two conical mountains called the Great and Little Sugar-loaf, the former 1651, and the latter 1 120, feet above the sea; and Bray Head, a vast mass with a remarkable broken outline, 870 feet high, which projects into the sea to the south of the town of Bray. From the Little Sugar-loaf commences a mountain range of secondary elevation, cultivated in some parts to the very summit, and extending in a direction south by west to the rugged heights of Carrickmacreilly, near Glanealy : thence sweeping eastward, it joins the heights that, to the south of Wicklow, form the elevated promontory of Wicklow Head. Between this range and the more elevated mountain chain is a cheerless table-land, watered by the Vartrey river, and formerly entirely overspread with bogs and rocks, which yet occupy great portions of it, though cultivation has made considerable advances near the lines of road by which it is now intersected. The most conspicuous of the secondary range are the Downs mountain, Dunran, and the mountains above Glanealy. Encircled by these mountains from Bray Head to Wicklow Head, and extending to the coast between those promontories, lies a tract distinguished for its fertility and beauty, which justly entitle it to be called the garden of the county. At an elevation greatly below that of the sheltering range, it is diversified by extensive swells and fertile vales enriched in every direction with fine seats, neat villages, and thriving plantations. These open on the east to the sea, towards which the surface gradually declines, until it reaches a flat tract of boggy marsh, extending along the shore from Wicklow to near Greystones, and protected from the sea only by a broad bank of sand and gravel called the Murrough, presenting at the back a beautiful smooth sward. The streams of the plain or vale find their way through the bank to the sea at Wicklow and at a place called the Breaches, where the sea is making considerable encroachments. From this shore the view of the amphitheatre of mountains is extremely grand, particularly to those sailing along the coast through the channel betv^een the land and the range of dangerous banks running parallel with it at some miles' distance. The encircling range displays some of the most splendid of the picturesque scenes of the county, in the Glen of the Downs, Hermitage, Dunran, and the Devil's Glen ; and to the north, the celebrated valley of the Dargle intersects the elevated grounds between the Sugar-loaf mountain and the confines of Dublin county. The peaked cone of the Sugar-loaf appears prominent in every prospect on this side of the county, and commands views of great scope and grandeur, extending northwards to the mountains of Morne in the county of Down, and eastward to those of North W^ales.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 404

39. The Paps mountains, remarkable conical form

    near The Paps · mountain or mountain range · Kerry

    The Paps mountains are particularly noted for the regularity of their convex or conical form. They form part of a range connected with the hills of Glenflesk, overhanging O'Donoghoe's Country.

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    along Tomies mountain, Glena, Tore, Mangerton, Crohane, and the Paps ,- the last are particularly remarkable for the regularity of their convex or conical form, and the range of which they form a part is connected with the hiUs of Glenflesk, overhanging O'Donoghoe's Country. North and east of Tralee ai-e the ranges called Stack's mountains and the Glanruddery mountains. Between the harbours of Castlemaine and Tralee is a range of high mountains, called Slieve Mish, attaining an elevation of upwards of 2200 feet ; and hence mountains extend westward into the peninsular barony of Corkaguiney under various names, among which, one of remarkable conical shape is called Cahir-conrigh. Considerable tracts of these mountains have been improved, and brought into tillage. This barony, indeed, is esteemed the granary of the county ; the northern side, called Litteragh, is richly cultivated, and rendered very productive by the facility of obtaining sea-manure. Brandon hill here rises to a great height, and its top or sides are often enveloped in clouds. From the base of the mountains various brooks run into both bays. From the southern coast of the barony a long peninsula of sand-hills, called Inch Island, extends into the bay of Castlemaine.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 8

40. The Paps mountains with rath and holy well

    near The Paps · mountain or mountain range · Kerry

    Two remarkable mountains called 'the Paps' rise 2530 feet on the southern confines of Kilcummin parish, forming striking features on the Killarney-Cork road. At their base is an ancient fort or rath near a holy well frequented by peasantry on May-day.

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    in general heavy ; but in consequence of an abundant supply of lime, the state of agriculture lias of late been much improved. The quarry at Carrigdulkeen, isolated in the midst of an extensive district of mountain and bog, produces a fine blue limestone, equally adapted for building and manure, and is worked to a large extent, there being no other within a circuit of several miles. A court is occasionally held at Five-mile bridge, by the Earl of Kenmare's seneschal, for the manors of Ross and Molahiffe ; at which debts not exceeding 40s. late currency are recoverable. The seats are Shanagh House and Rathmore, the latter now occupied by a society of monks of the order of La Trappe, a branch from the parent establishment at Mount Melleray, in the county of Waterford. The parish is in the diocese of Ardfert and Aghadoe : the rectory is impropriate in the Earl of Donoughmore, and the vicarage forms part of the union of Killarney. The tithe rent-charge is £394. I7., of which £2^8. 14. are payable to the impropriator, and the remainder to the vicar. In the Roman Catholic arrangements this parish is divided into East and West Kilcummin : the former, with the greater part of the adjoining parish of Nohoval-daly, forms the district of Knocknacoppel ; and the latter forms a separate district, the chapel of which is situated at Kilcummin. In the district of Knocknacoppel are the chapel of that name, a large plain building ; Griorguillca chapel, recently rebuilt ; and that of Knoeknagree, in Nohovaldaly ; there is also a chapel attached to the establishment at Rathmore open to the public. The late Mr. Cronin, of the Park, near Killarney, bequeathed £30 per annum for the establishment and support of a school in each of the parishes of Kilcummin and Nohoval-daly. On the southern confines of the parish are two remarkable mountains, which from their peculiar shape are called " the Paps," rising S'iSO feet above the level of the sea, and forming striking features in the mountain scenery on the road from Killarney to Cork. At their base is an ancient fort or rath, near which is a holy well resorted to by numbers of the peasantry on May-day. The ruins of the old church are situated on an eminence commanding an extensive prospect : the late Lord Barrymore was interred here.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 18

41. The Pass of Barnagee and the 1798 French march

    Castlebar · town · Mayo · 1798

    The pass of Barnagee is the central of three passes through the Barnagee mountains leading south. In 1798, a French force marched unexpectedly through this pass from Ballina, surprising the king's troops at Castlebar and routing them.

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    Nephin, 2639 feet in height, is, in magnitude and form, extremely grand, its summit being generally enveloped in clouds ; it is situated at the extremity of an immense bog, in the centre of which is Lough Conn, and is separated from the rest of the great chain by the deep glen of Kilnabreena. Its form, when viewed from the south or east, is conical, the sides steep, and frequently rocky and rugged, but the summit rounded, and covered with alpine plants. The regularity of its northern face is interrupted by a deep ravine, the precipitous sides of which disclose the internal structure of the mountain. From the western side of the glen of Kilnabreena rises the mountain of Berreencurragh, 2290 feet high, similar to Nephin, but more irregular and rugged. Nephin-Beg, another mountain in the same range, and of similar formation, is 1846 feet high. The mountains which form the western part of the great chain are also more rugged, and have peaked summits, particularly Maam, Thomoish, and Croughletta. The ridge of the Barnagee mountains lies south of Nephin : their northern side is extremely steep and abrupt. Three passes, about two miles distant from each other, lead through them to the plain country in the south ; the central and most important of these is called the pass of Barnagee. Through it the French force penetrated unexpectedly in 1/98, in its march from Ballina, in consequence of which the king's troops were taken by surprise at Castlebar, and routed. The other passes are, that of Mosbrook, near Lough Conn, and Glan Island, on the side of Westport. The summit of the central pass, which is a very long and steep hill, commands a fine view of Castlebar and the adjoining plain, with Croagh Patrick rising in the distance.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 145

42. The Priory and the 'Monks of the Screw' at Newmarket

    Newmarket · town · Cork

    The Priory near Newmarket was formerly the residence of John Philpot Curran, a native of the town, and became a favourite resort of distinguished literary and political characters hosted by Lord Avonmore, also a native. Their annual grouse-shooting season meetings earned them the appellation 'Monks of the Screw.'

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    The parish church, a structure of hewn limestone, with a lofty tower and spire, is situated in the town ; in which likewise is the Roman Catholic chapel, a spacious edifice, erected on a site given by the late Richard Aidworth, Esq., who contributed £75 towards its erection, to which also the Earl of Cork, the late Lord Lisle, and John Duggan, Esq., liberally subscribed : the altar, which is a copy of that of the ancient abbey of Quin, is much admired. Richard Aldworth, Esq., bequeathed £50; Michael Creagh, Esq., £100; W. Philpot, Esq., £40 ; the late Richard Aldworth, grandson of the former, £100 ; and St. Leger Aldworth, Esq., £100; for the poor of Newmarket, among whom the interest is annually divided. St. Leger Aldworth, Esq., also bequeathed £1000, contingent on the death of three annuitants, to be appropriated, by the representative of the Ahhvorth family, to the establishment of some manufacture in the town : part of this sum has been appropriated to the erection of a market-house. There are a fever hospital, containing four wards and 20 beds ; and a dispensary. The celebrated John Philpot Curran was a native of this town : during his residence at the Priory, it was the favourite resort of many distinguished literary and political characters, who used to meet there under the auspices of Lord Avonmore, also a native of the place ; they held their meetings annually in the grouse-shooting season, and, from their conviviality at the Priory, obtained the appellation of " Monks of the Screw." Major Swan, who assisted in arresting Lord Edward Fitzgerald, in 1798, was a native of the town.

    NEWMARKET, a village, partly in the parish of Knocktopher, and partly in that of Aughaviller, union of Callan, barony of Knocktopher, county of Kilkenny, and province of Leinster, 2 miles (S. W.) from Knocktopher, on the road to Carrick-on-Suir ; containing about 110 inhabitants. It comprises 20 houses, and contains one of the two Roman Catholic

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 205

43. The Priory: residence of John Philpot Curran

    The Priory · street · Dublin

    The Priory, located in the parish of Whitechurch, was formerly the seat of the celebrated and gifted John Philpot Curran, the noted orator and lawyer. Curran resided there during the latter part of his life.

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    The greater portion of the cultivated part of the parish is mclosed in the demesnes and grounds of the gentry who reside here, all of which, in consequence of the land forming a gentle declivity from the mountainous parts to the shores of Dublin bay, command fine views of the beautiful and highly cultivated valley of the Liffey and the basin of the bay itself, with its back-grounds of How th, Lambay, and the Carlingford and Morne mountains in the distance. Marlay, a residence of the La Touche family, took its name from Bishop Marlay, whose daughter was married to the Right Hon. David LaTouche, by whom the place was built. The demesne contains about 400 acres, and enjoys all the advantages which fertility, high cultivation, variety of surface, a copious supply of water, rich and varied planting, and extent of prospect, can bestow : the gardens, containing about four acres, are stocked with a large selection of native and exotic plants, and have extensive ranges of glass. In a sequestered spot is a mausoleum with a monument to the memory of Elizabeth, Countess of Lanesborough, sister to the present proprietor. Among the other seats are, Hollypark, the beautiful residence of the late Jeffrey Foote, Esq., situated at the base of Stagstown Hill, and tastefully laid out, with a well planted deer-park attached to it ; Glen-Southwall, better known by the name of the Little Dargle, as being a miniature resemblance of the valley of that name at Powerscourt, the seat of C. B. Ponsonby, Esq., by whom the grounds are thrown open for the inspection of visiters ; Larch Hill ; Hermitage ; the Priory, formerly the seat of the celebrated and gifted John Philpot Curran, who resided here during the latter part of his life; The Park; Eden Park; Highfield; Sommerville; Elm Grove; St. Thomas; Kingston; Cloragh ; Til)radden ; Grange Cottage ; and Harold's Grange. 666

    WHIT

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 402

44. The Ridge: a great limestone escar across Queen's County

    Mountmellick · town · Laois

    A prominent esker ridge called 'the Ridge' rises near Athlone and traverses Queen's County from Mountmellick through Maryborough to Rathleague, forming an unbroken line about six miles long varying from 12 to 45 feet in height. South of Rathleague it divides into two branches, one running to the Doon of Clopoke and the other to Stradbally, again forming an unbroken line of more than six miles.

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    The SURFACE of the county is generally either flat, or gently undulating with small hills, exhibiting a pleasing variety rather than picturesque effect. The inequality is mostly caused by the escars, ridges of which traverse several parts ; they are mostly formed of rounded nodules of limestone, calcareous sandstone, and coal-shale, the parent rocks of which are found in the county or close to its confines. The principal of these escars, called the Ridge, rises near Athlone, and, thence proceeding across the King's county, enters the Queen's at Mountmellick, and proceeds to Rathleague through the extremity of Maryborough, forming in this county an unbroken line about 6 miles long, varying in height from 12 to 45 feet, being generally broad at the base and narrowing upwards to the width of a few feet : to the north of Maryborough, a road is carried along its summit ; south of the town, it is planted. Near the same place a very copious spring bursts from it, termed the Blessed well of Maryborough, and much resorted to by the peasanty, who perform devotional ceremonies, called stations, around it. Beyond Rathleague the escars maintain a south-eastern course, and are broken and interrupted ; but they soon resume a regular ridge-like form, and divide into two branches, one southwards to the Doon of Clopoke, the other eastwards to Stradbally, again forming an unbroken line of more than six miles.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 235

45. The Ridge: natural bank across Maryborough district

    Portlaoise · municipal district · Laois

    A remarkable natural bank called the Ridge passes across the district near Maryborough for nearly six miles without interruption, extending with small chasms near Tullamore for nearly twenty-five miles into King's County. It appears as if formed by the ebbing and flowing of water and separates uplands from low coarse grounds in some places.

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    The PARISH, also called Borris, comprises "049 statute acres of good land, of which about 200 acres adjoining the town were formerly a common, which was inclosed at the Union, one-half being divided between Lord Castlecoote and Sir John Parnell, Bart., and the remainder distributed equally among the 13 freemen, reserving a small rent for the widows of freemen : since that period no freemen have been elected. The soil is fertile, and the system of agriculture improved. A remarkable natural bank, called the Ridge, passes across the district for nearly six miles without interruption, and, with a few small chasms near Tullamore, for nearly twenty-five miles, extending into King's county ; it is in some parts not more than 100 feet wide at the base, and narrows gradually towards the summit, which is from 20 to 30 feet in breadth. It appears as if formed by the ebbing and flowing of water, and in some places separates the uplands from the low coarse grounds, of which nature, in other places, the lands on both sides 30 B

    MARY

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 139

46. The Scalp pass at Kilternan

    near The Scalp · feature · Dublin

    The parish of Kilternan joins the county of Wicklow at a remarkable pass called the Scalp. The parish land is rocky and mountainous, abounding with remarkably fine granite quarried for building.

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    KILTERNAN, a parish, in the union and barony of Rathdown, county of Dubli.v, and province of Leinster, 61 miles (S. byE.) from Dublin, on the road to Enuiskerry ; containing 1019 inhabitants. This parish, which joins the county of Wicklow at the remarkable pass called the Scalp, comprises 3l65i statute acres: the land is rocky and mountainous, abounding with heath, and there is a considerable quantity of waste ; but the system of agriculture is improving. There is some good bog. The parish abounds with remarkably fine granite, which is quarried for building, flagging, and other uses ; great numbers of persons are employed in cutting the

    K I L— T E

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 57

47. The Suir plain stretching from Roscrea to Ardfinnan

    Ardfinnan · town · Tipperary

    A great tract of level and fertile country, about 50 miles long, is watered by the River Suir from its source near Roscrea down to Ardfinnan. This plain presents a generally level appearance with gentle elevations and exuberant fertility.

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    The suRF.\CE of the county is composed of several extensive and fertile tracts of champaign country, separated from each other by ranges of hills. The greatest tract of level country is that watered by the Suir,from its source near Roscrea to Ardfinnan; extending in length about 50 miles, and in breadth averaging 15. But although it presents a nearly level appearance when viewed from the surrounding heights, owing to the general equality of its successive swells, yet it is found to be diversified with slightly depressed valleys and gentle elevations, which, combined with an exuberant fertility, afford a pleasing though by no means a picturesque succession of scenery. The part of this plain between the Kilnamanagh and Galtee ranges, in the centre of which the town of Tipperary is situated, and which is bounded by a line drawn from Bansha to Thomastown near Golden, on the east, and by another from Galbally in county Limerick through Pallasgreine to the Bilboa mountains, on the west, has been designated the " Golden Vale, " on account of the surpassing richness of its soil.

    The general elevation of the surface of the Suir district is about 400 feet above the level of the sea, though in some parts it does not exceed '250 : from Cashel upwards it varies from 3'26 to 474 feet. On the east the plain is bounded at first by a large tract of bog, a branch of that of .-lllen, extending into the contiguous county of Kilkenny ; farther south it is inclosed by the low range of the Stievardiigh hills, forming the Killenaule coal district, extending from the vicinity of Freshford in the

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 337

48. The tholsel and court-house of Trim

    Trim · town · Meath

    The court-house, known as the tholsel, contained apartments for holding courts and a suite of assembly-rooms. Its basement story had served as a bridewell prior to the erection of the present bridewell.

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    By the charters of James I. and Charles II., the corporation consisted, until its dissolution in 1840, of a portreeve, twelve burgesses, and an indefinite number of freemen, assisted by a town-clerk, two serjeants-at-mace, and other officers. The portreeve, who was also justice of the peace, was annually elected on the 13th of September by the corporation at large, and might appoint a deputy, who was also a justice of the peace ; the burgesses, as vacancies occurred, were chosen from the freemen, who were admitted by favour of the corporation, by whom also the town-clerk and serjeants-at-mace were appointed. The corporation continued to return two members to the Irish parliament till the Union, when the borough was disfranchised. The borough court, held before the portreeve or his deputy, has issued no process since 1S'20, and has since fallen into total disuse ; the borough officers at the time of the recent dissolution of the body, exercised no municipal jurisdiction, and though a portreeve was annually chosen, the corporation might be considered as virtually extinct. General sessions are held twice in the year, and pettysessions on alternate Mondays before the county magistrates. The court-house, or tholsel, contains the requisite apartments for holding the courts, and a suite of assembly-rooms ; and previously to the erection of the present bridewell, the basement story was used as a

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 196

49. The Towers, castellated seat of the Evans family

    Kilmallock · town · Limerick

    The Towers is a large castellated mansion near Kilmallock in the ancient baronial style, the splendid seat of the Evans family, built of hewn limestone with lofty circular towers and a noble gateway. Its richly wooded demesne commands fine views of mountain and vale, embellished with a lake extending to the walls of Kilmallock.

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    The parish comprises 4074 statute acres : of these, about eight are in common, and the remainder nearly in equal portions in pasture and under tillage ; there are several quarries of stone for building, and the system of agriculture is improving. Near the town is Motiiit- Coote, a spacious and handsome modern mansion, finely situated in the centre of an ample and picturesque demesne, highly improved by the proprietor with ornamental plantations, in which, and in the general improvement of his large estate, many of the labouring classes have found employment. Near the town, also, is The Towers, the splendid seat of the Evans family, a large castellated mansion in the ancient baronial style, consisting of a centre flanked by lofty circular towers, and two extensive wings, one of which, on the west, is connected with a noble gateway leading to the ofliccs, which occupy the sides of a quadrangular area ; the whole is of hewn limestone, forming a magnificent structure in a richly wooded demesne, commanding some fine views of mountain and vale, and embellished with a lake extending to the walls of Kilmallock. Abbey Hew is situated close to the town, and commands some interesting views and picturesque scenery ; Mill I'iew and Riversfield are houses pleasantly situated iu the immediate vicinity of the town.

    Vol. II.— 13-

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 43

50. Third-century battle at Narraghmore

    Narraghmore · townland · Kildare · 200–299

    According to Keating, a desperate battle was fought at Narraghmore in the third century between the men of South Leinster and Carmar Cas, King of Munster, who was defeated and pursued to a ford near Athy.

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    NARRAGHMORE, a parish, in the union of Athy, partly in the barony of Kilkea and Moone, and partly in the barony of West, but chiefly in that of East, Narragh and Rhedan, county of Kildare, and province of Leinster, 2 miles (N. N. W.) from Ballitore ; containing 2S95 inhabitants. This place, which is of great antiquity, has been the scene of many historical events. According to Keating, a desperate battle was fought here in the third century between the men of South Leinster and Carmar Cas, King of Munster, the latter of whom was defeated with great slaughter and pursued to Atlibrodain, or "the bloody ford," where the town of Athy now stands. The Naasteighan, or Assembly of the States of South Leinster, was held here on the " Hill of Carmen," consisting of a high rath, on the summit of which were sixteen conical mounds, whereon the elders sat in council ; it is situated on the brow of a gently sloping eminence, about six miles from Athy. This rath was afterwards known by the name of Mullimast, or "the hill of decapitation," in consequence of the act of some English adventurers in the I6th century, who, being resisted in their encroachments by some of the Irish chieftains, to whom the district belonged, invited the latter to a conference on this hill on New Year's day, fell upon them unawares, slew them, and buried their bodies here.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 195

51. Thomastown Castle and Rathnestin in Philipstown parish

    Philipstown · townland · Louth

    The principal seats in Philipstown parish, Louth, were Thomastown Castle, situated in a well-wooded demesne of about 300 plantation acres, and Rathnestin.

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    PHILIPSTOWN, a parish, in the union and barony of Ardee, county of Louth, and province of Leinster, 4 miles (N.) from Ardee, on the road to Carrickmacross, and on the river Glyde ; containing 1669 inhabitants. This parish is bounded on the north-west by the county of Monaghan, and comprises 3660 statute acres, the whole of which, excepting a portion of bog, is good arable and pasture land : agriculture is improving, under the auspices of the neighbouring gentry, who are also endeavouring to introduce the improved system of breeding cattle. The principal seats are, Thomastown Castle, in a well-wooded demesne of about 300 plantation acres ; and Rathnestin. The living is a rectory, in the diocese of Armagh, forming part of the union of Charlestown : the tithe rent-charge is £237. I". In the Roman Catholic divisions, the parish is one of four forming the district of Tallanstown ; there is a large chapel at Reastown.

    PHILIPSTOWN, an extra-parochial district, in the union of Drogheda, barony of Ferrard, county of Louth (though locally situated within the ancient county of the town of Drogheda), and province of Leinster, 1^ mile (N.) from Drogheda, on the road to Dunleer ; containing 64 inhabitants, and comprising 268^ statute acres.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 230

52. Thomastown charter, walls and fortifications

    Thomastown · town · Kilkenny · 1346–1616

    Thomastown received a charter of incorporation from Thomas FitzAnthony, confirmed and extended by Edward III, who granted customs for bridge repair and town walls. Successive monarchs including Henry VI, Queen Mary, and James I added privileges for maintaining the fortifications.

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    The inhabitants received a charter of incorporation from Thomas FitzAnthony, which was confirmed and extended by Edward III., who, in the 20th of his leign, granted the " Provost, Bailiffs, and Honest Men of Thoraastown" certain customs and tolls for the erection and repair of the bridge, and, in the 49th of his reign, further customs, for the purpose of surrounding the town with walls. Henry VI., in the 28th of his reign, granted to the burgesses, in consideration of the expenses they had incurred in maintaining the fortifications, an exemption from all tolls and subsidies for ten years, except such as were ordered by parliament or great councils ; and Queen Mary, in the first of her reign, conferred additional privileges, empowering the corporation to elect officers and hold courts with jurisdiction ecjual to that of Kilkenny, with markets, fairs, and other grants. This charter was confirmed and extended by James I., in the 13th of his reign ; and though a charter was granted by James II., the former continued until the passing of the Municipal Corporations'act to be the governing charter. By it the corporation was to consist of a sovereign, provost, and an indefinite number of burgesses, assisted by a recorder, town-clerk, Serjeants at-mace, and other officers. The sovereign and recorder were to be justices of the peac'e, and had power to hold a court of record to any amount. The charter also gave power to return two members to the Irish parliament, which the corporation continued to exercise till the Union, when the borough was disfranchised. From that period the corporation exercised few municipal functions j a sovereign, who also acted 576

    THO M

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 331

53. Thomond Bridge: most ancient bridge of Limerick

    Thomond Bridge · street · Limerick · 1210–1843

    Thomond Bridge, leading from King John's Castle to Thomond-gate, was the most ancient bridge in Limerick, built in 1210 with 14 unequal arches originally turned on wicker work. It was taken down and replaced by a new bridge laid in 1836 and opened in 1843.

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    is called the Abbey river. This part of the city, the houses of which are chiefly built in the Flemish fashion, is said to resemble Rouen, in Normandy : but, since the erection of the New Town, it has been deserted by the more wealthy inhabitants, and exhibits a dirty and neglected appearance. The Irish Town is also very ancient, being allotted to the native inhabitants so early as the reign of King John ; here the streets are wider, and the houses more modern. Both these parts were strongly fortified. The suburb called Thomond-gate, situated on the county of Clare side of the river, at the end of Thomond-bridge, was formerly the only entrance to the ancient city, and was protected by a strong castle i it is now of considerable extent : close to the foot of the bridge is the stone on which the treaty of Limerick was signed. Newtown-Pm/, built wholly within the last 60 years, on elevated ground parallel with the course of the river, below the union of its two branches, on a site formerly called the South Prior's Land, which became the property of the Pery family about 17*0, is one of the handsomest modern towns in Ireland : a very fine square was lately erected in it. There are six bridges. The late Thomond Bridge, leading from King John's Castle in the English Town to Thomond-gate, on the county of Clare side, was the most ancient : it was built in 1210, and subsequently widened, and consisted of 14 unequal arches, which were originally turned on wicker work, the marks of which were even recently apparent in the cement ; its roadway was perfectly level. The structure was taken down, and replaced by a new bridge the foundation stone of which was laid in 1836, and the whole opened in 1S43, at an expense of £1 1,000, whereof £9000 were obtained by loan from the Board of Works. IVdleslerj-Bridge, erected in 18'27, and consisting of five large and elegant elliptic arches, crosses the Shannon from the New Town to the northern, or county of Clare, shore. Its roadway is level, and its parapet formed of a massive open balustrade ; on the city side is a swing-bridge over a lock through which vessels pass to the upper basin and quays. The late bridge called the New Bridge, crossing the Abbey river, and connecting the New Town with the English Town, was built in 1761, but was so steep and inconvenient that it was recently resolved to remove it ; and the light and hand.«ome structure of three arches which now replaces it was commenced in 1845, and opened on the 26th of February, 1846 : of the cost, £1800, the grand juries of the county and city gave f.'iOO, and the corporation the remainder. Baal's- Bridge, higher up on the same branch of the river, is a beautiful structure of a single arch, built in 1831 to replace an ancient bridge of the same name, which consisted of four arches with a range of houses on one of its sides. On the same branch of the Shannon is Park-Bridge, an old lofty structure of five irregular arches. Athlunkard- Bridge, consisting of five large elliptic arches, crosses the Shannon about a mile from the city ; it was erected in 1830 by means of a loan of £9000 from the Board of Works, £6000 from the consolidated fund, and a grant of £1000 from the grand jury of the county of Clare ; it forms a communication between Limerick and Killaloe.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 77

54. Three cannon-shot found in Three-Bullet Gate walls

    New Ross · town · Wexford · 1649

    Three cannon-shot fired against Bewley-gate as the signal for surrender were found embedded in the gateway walls a few years after Cromwell's taking of the town. They were in the possession of Joseph Deane, Esq., of Stokestown.

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    fought in the neighbourhood, in which the Duke obtained a signal victory, and the Irish in their flight broke down the bridge of Ross to prevent his pursuit. On the arrival of Cromwell in 1649, Ormonde, after garrisoning Wexford, threw himself into this town, which he also supplied with the means of defence. Cromwell, having taken the former town, invested Ross, which, notwithstanding the duke's precautionary measures for its defence, surrendered without resistance upon articles, and its fortifications were immediately dismantled. The gate through which his troops entered was afterwards called Three-Bullet gate, instead of its former name, Bewley-gate, from the circumstance of three cannon-shot fired against it having been the signal for demanding a surrender : the shot were found a few years after in the walls of the gateway, and are in the possession of Joseph Deane, Esq., of Stokestown. During the disturbances of 1*98, the town was the scene of a most sanguinary conflict between the king's troops and the insurgents, the latter of whom, after ten hours' severe fighting, during which they had possession of part of the town for some time, were ultimately defeated with great slaughter. Lord Mountjoy, who commanded the county of Dublin militia, was killed at the Three-Bullet gate during the engagement.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 264

55. Three defensive batteries on Whiddy Island after 1796 French descent

    near Whiddy Island · island or archipelago · Cork · 1796

    Three batteries, each a circular tower surrounded by a deep fosse and together mounting 18 guns, were built on Whiddy Island after the French fleet descended on Bantry Bay in 1796. Barracks for seven officers and 188 men were also built, but the whole establishment is now entrusted to one man.

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    WHIDDY ISLAND, in the parish of Kilmaco- MOGUE, union and barony of B.antry, county of Cork, and province of Munster, if mile (W.) from Bantry ; containing about 714 inhabitants. It is situated near the inner extremity of the bay of Bantry, and extends from X. E. to S. W. nearly three miles, having an average breadth of about one mile, and comprising 12 IS statute acres of land, chiefly under an improved system of cultivation. It is remarkable for the variety of its soil, which in some places consists of a rich loam, and in others of rock, sand, and stiff clay : on the north side are extensive rocks of a black shaly substance, soft and unctuous, and much resembling black lead ; it is called Lapis Hiberniciis, and was formerly given medicinally in cases of inward bruises, but is now chiefly used by carpenters as black chalk. Bogs supply the inhabitants with turf for fuel ; and there are both a fresh and a salt water lake on the island. Three batteries, each consisting of a circular tower surrounded by a deep fosse, and together mounting 18 guns, were built subsequently to the descent of the French fleet here in 1796: there were barracks for seven officers and 188 non-commissioned ofiicers and men of the engineer and artillery departments ; but the whole are now entrusted to the care of one man. Along the eastern shore of the island are five small islets, between which and the main land on the east is the best anchorage in the bay, in five or Vol. II.— 665

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 401

56. Three Desmond castles at Rathkeale

    Rathkeale · town · Limerick

    The town and neighbouring district of Rathkeale formed part of the possessions of the earls of Desmond, who maintained three strong castles in the town. One castle was intended to guard the passage of the river Deel.

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    RATHKEALE, properly Rakele, a market and post town, a parish, and the head of a union, in the barony of Lower Connello, county of Limerick, and province of Munster, 14 miles (S. W. by W.) from Limerick, and 108 (S. W.) from Dubhn ; containing 8293 inhabitants, of whom 4201 are in the town. It was a place of importance at a very early period, being the site of a priory of Augustinian canons of the order of Aroasia, founded, and endowed with twelve marks annually, by Gilbert Harvey in 1289, and further endowed by Eleanor Purcell, a descendant of Harvey, who also caused it to be dedicated to the Blessed Virgin Mary. The town and neighbouring district formed part of the possessions of the earls of Desmond, who had three strong castles in the town, one of which was intended to guard the passage of the Deel. After the battle of Monasteruenagh, fought in 1579 between Sir Nich. Malby and Sir John Desmond, the latter fled to this place, whither he was pursued, and whence he was forced to retreat to Askeaton, where he was again defeated by Sir Geo. Carew. On the landing of the Spaniards at Smerwick, in 1580, the queen's forces, commanded by the Lord- Deputy Grey, the Earl of Ormonde, and others, assembled here ; and ou the lord-

    HATH

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 250

57. Three lakes of Killarney described

    Killarney · town · Kerry

    The three Killarney lakes are described: the Lower Lake's scenery is considered the most beautiful, Torc (Tore) the most picturesque, and the Upper Lake the most sublime. Taken together they are perhaps unrivalled in Europe for equal extent.

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    About five miles from Killarney the road is conducted through a tunnel, called *' Tlie Heading," 45 feet in length, cut through the solid rock. From this point the Upper Lake is seen in beautiful perspective, with its widest expanse of water, its wood-crowned islands and picturesque bays, in some parts fringed with foliage of every shade, and in others marked with features of sublime and rugged grandeur, till it is lost in the distance between the majestic mountains that form its remoter boundaries. On the approach from Keumare the lakes, with their winding river, appear in a great vista between mountains wild and rocky towards their summit, but clothed at their base with luxuriant foliage to the water's edge. Here the Upper Lake displays its chief beauties, presenting at a single glance one of the grandest combinations of the sublime and beautiful in the works of nature. About halfway between Killarney and Kenmare the road descends towards the former between the base of the mountains and the southern shore of the lake, through the thick woods with which the mountains are clothed ; the arbutus and the " London pride" flourish here in the greatest luxuriance. In its progress towards Killarney, the road affords some fine views of the Middle Lake and the interesting scenery in- the neighbourhood of Muckross. Of the three lakes, the scenery of the Lower is considered the most beautiful, that of Tore the most picturesque, and that of the Upper Lake the most sublime ; taken altogether they are perhaps unrivalled by any of equal extent in Europe.

    KILLARNEY, a parish, in the barony of Gowran, union and county of Kilkenny, and province of Leinster, 5 miles (S. W.) from Gowran ; containing 75 inhabitants, and 155 statute acres. It is a rectory, in the diocese of Ossory, entirely appropriate to the economy estate of the cathedral of St. Canice, Kilkenny ; the tithe rent-charge is £16. 1. 9. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish forms part of the district of Thomastown, and contains a chapel. Here are the ruins of a castle said to have been formerly occupied by the Grace family.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 36

58. Three religious houses in Naas

    Naas · town · Kildare

    Naas once contained three religious establishments: a convent of Augustinians, a convent of Dominicans, and a house for friars Eremites of the order of St. Augustine.

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    There were many celebrated and richly endowed monastic institutions in the county. At Athy was one for Crouched friars and another for Dominicans. Castledermot possessed a priory for Regular Canons, a house of Crouched friars, and a Franciscan abbey, the ruins of which last still serve to attest its former magnificence. The ruins of another Franciscan abbey are to be seen at Clane, where was also a house for Regular Canons. At Graney are the ruins of an Augustinian nunnery ; and a gateway and some other remains of a monastic building, said to have belonged to the Knights Templars, are still shewn there. The ruins of Great Connell Abbey are on the banks of the Liffey, near Newbridge. In Kildare was a nunnery and abbey united, founded by St. Bridget, and of which the ruins are still pointed out ; also an abbey of Grey friars, situated south of the town, and a house of Carmelites or White friars. At Old Kilcullen is a monastery as old as the time of St. Patrick, which in 11 15 was elevated to the dignity of an episcopal see ; but it does not appear that it long retained that rank. Near the ruins of the old church are the remains of two crosses, one of which still retains some very curious specimens of ancient sculpture. Maynooth had a convent of Black nuns, and a college of priests founded by the Earl of Kildare ; the abbey of Killossy has been converted into the parish church, and is remarkable for the singularity of the architecture of its steeple tower ; the monastery of Kilrush was surrounded by a broad ditch faced with masonry ten feet high ; the abbey of Monastereven has been converted into the residence of the Moore family, the representative of which is the Marquess of Drogheda. At Moone was a Franciscan friary, the brotherhood of which retained possession of it subsequently to the Reformation : here is a fragment of a very old cross, one of the most curious in Ireland, covered with numerous grotesque figures. In Naas were three religious establishments ; namely, a convent of Augustiniaus, another of Dominicans, and one for friars Eremites of the order of St. Augustine. Some remains

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 20

59. Three ruined churches and Howard mausoleum at Kilbride, Wicklow

    Kilbride · townland · Wicklow · 1834

    The parish of Kilbride, County Wicklow, contained the ruins of three ancient churches — Kilbride, Templemichael, and Templerainey — each with adjoining burial-places. The Kilbride church ruins sat on an eminence with a fine view, and the churchyard contained a mausoleum of the Howard family. The Earl of Wicklow's seat, Shelton, was within the parish, and he erected the new church in 1834.

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    parish, which is wholly the property of that nobleman ; there are, besides, several good residences, viz. Woodmount, Seabank, Sheepwalk, Templemiehael, Kilbride, and Ballyrichard. Near the mouth of the Ovoca is a coast-guard station. The living is a vicarage, in the diocese of Glendalough, and patronage of the Archbishop of Dublin. Kilbride includes the ancient parishes of Templemiehael and Templerainey, and previously to 1S33 constituted part of the union of Arklow, from which it was then separated by act of council ; it now forms, together with the parish of Enorely or Eneriley, the union of Kilbride. The vicarial tithe rent-charge is £138. 9. 4. The church, erected in 1834 by the Earl of Wicklow, at a cost of £900, is a handsome structure in the later English style, with a tower. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish forms part of the district of Newbridge and Baranisky : the chapel is a neat and spacious edifice. Upwards of 200 children are educated, without religious distinction, in schools supported entirely by the Earl and Countess of Wicklow ; and about 130 children and young persons are instructed in a Sunday school under the superintendence of the minister. Within the parish are the ruins of three ancient churches, those of Kilbride, Templemiehael, and Templerainey, with burial-places adjoining each. The ruins of Kilbride church are on an eminence commanding a fine view of the town and bridge of Arklow, a great expanse of sea, the demesne of Shelton Abbey, and the woods of Glenart : in the churchyard adjoining is a mausoleum of the Howard family.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 16

60. Thurles castle besieged by Hugh de Lacy, 1208

    Thurles · town · Tipperary · 1208

    A castle at Thurles was besieged in 1208 by Hugh de Lacy and taken from Geoffrey Mac Morris, who then occupied it. The castle had been erected at an early period.

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    TIIURLES, a market and post town, a parish, and the head of a union, in the barony of Eliogakty, county of TippERARY, and province of Munstkr, 24|- miles (N.) from Clonmel, and ~'i (S. W.) from Dublin, on the road from Cashel to Templemore ; containing 10,'284 inhabitants, of whom "523 are in the town. This place, originally called Durlas-O'Fogarty, is of great antiquity, and in the 10th century was the scene of a memorable battle between the Danes and the native Irish, in which the former suffered a signal defeat. Soon after the English invasion, the Ostmen of Dublin, on their march to reinforce Strongbow, who was then encamped at Cashel, halted at this place in careless security, when O'Brien of Thomond suddenly attacked and defeated them, with the loss of 400 of their men and their four principal commanders. O'Brien soon afterwards encountered the English borderers, who were extending their power in this direction ; and, meeting with them at this place, compelled them to retreat. A castle appears to have been erected here at an early period, and in 1'208 was besieged by Hugh de Lacy and taken from Geoffrey Mac Morris, by whom it was then occupied. In 1300 a monastery for Carmelites or 'White friars was founded by one of the Butler family, which at the Dissolution was granted, with all its dependencies, to Thomas, Earl of Ormonde. A preceptory of Knights Templars is said to have been also founded here, of which probably the castle before mentioned may have been a part; but no authentic record exists of such an establishment. The principal castle was erected by James Butler, the first Lord Palatine of Tipperary, one of whose descendants was, in 1535, created Viscount Thurles : this castle, during the parliamentary war, was garrisoned for the king, but was afterwards taken by the parliamentarian forces, by whom it was demolished.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 332