Name: A topographical dictionary of Ireland : comprising the several counties; cities; boroughs; corporate, market and post towns; parishes; and villages, with historical and statistical descriptions embellished with engravings of the arms of the cities, bishopricks, corporate towns, and boroughs ; and of the seals of the several municipal corporations .. (vol. 2)
Author: Samuel Lewis (d. 1865)

Wexford barracks at the commencement of the Faithe

Wexford · town · Wexford

The present barracks at Wexford, situated at the commencement of the Faithe, formed a considerable range of building capable of accommodating seven officers and 172 non-commissioned officers and privates, with a hospital for twelve patients.

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the Chamber of Commerce, established in 1831 : two other reading-rooms have been opened. The Wexford Union Club, formed in 1833, is held in a building erected for it on the quay. Two newspapers are published, each twice a week, and professing respectively conservative and independent principles. A small theatre was built in the Back-street about thirteen years since, as a private speculation, which not having succeeded, it is used as an auction and commission sale-room, without any alteration in its internal arrangements : a circulating library is kept in its lobby. Balls for public charities and on other occasions are given in the Assembly-rooms, a handsome suite <>( apartments. The castle and its surrounding grounds, granted by Cromwell to a person named Borr, were sold about a century since to the government by that individual's representative, who contracted to convert it into a spacious barrack ; but the transaction being made the subject of parhamentary inquiry, the contractor, who was a member of the house of commons, was obliged to vacate his seat, and the treaty was put an end to. The present barracks, situated at the commencement of the Faithe, form a considerable range of building, capable of affording sufficient accommodation for seven officers and 172 non-commissioned oflicers and privates, with an hospital for twelve patients. Several new streets have been opened within the last few years, but much is yet to be accomplished in the general improvement of the town, many of the cross lanes which connect the principal thoroughfares being of very unsightly appearance, extremely narrow and irregular, and presenting almost every indication of decay and poverty.

Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 399

Wexford besieged after the English invasion landing at Bannow

Wexford · town · Wexford · 1169

Fitz-Stephen and Harvey de Montemarisco besieged Wexford immediately after landing at Bannow, aided by Dermod Mac Murrough's Irish army. The townsmen set fire to the suburbs, repulsed an assault, but surrendered after three days on condition of recognising Dermod's sovereignty.

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implies a bay overflowed by the tide, but left nearly dry at low water, like the washes of Lincolnshire and Cambridgeshire. Nothing further is known respecting it till the time of the English invasion, when it was besieged by Fitz-Stephen and Harvey de Montemarisco, immediately after their landing at Bannow, aided by the Irish army of Dermod Mac Murrough. The townsmen at first marched out to give the invaders battle, but, awed by their numbers and discipline, they retired within the walls, after having set fire to the suburbs to check the enemy's pursuit ; an assault of the besiegers was gallantly repulsed, but at the end of three days the inhabitants surrendered, on condition of recognising the sovereignty of Dermod. The town, with two adjoining cantreds, was then assigned to the two English leaders, conformably with a previous agreement ; and Fitz- Stephen, to secure himself in his new possession, immediately commenced the erection of a castle in a position commanding the pass of the Slaiiey at Carrigg.

Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 398

Wexford bridge over the Slaney, built of American oak

Wexford · town · Wexford · 1794–1795

A bridge at Wexford occupying the site of an earlier structure commenced in 1794 and opened in 1795 was constructed wholly of American oak by Emanuel Cox, an engineer from the United States. It was later re-constructed at a cost of £6000 due to decay, with tolls letting for £700 per annum in 1832.

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Wexford is connected at its northern end with the grounds on the opposite bank of the Slaney by a bridge occupying the site of one commenced in 1*94 and opened in 1795 : the old bridge was constructed wholly of American oak, at an expense of £17,000, by the late Emanuel Cox, an
engineer from the United ^ ■ i r- ■ ■ • c ; „^&^ , ^. , ., , ^ Bruise- Commtsswners Seal.

Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 399

Wexford castle granted by Cromwell to Borr

Wexford · town · Wexford

A castle and its surrounding grounds at Wexford were granted by Cromwell to a person named Borr. About a century later the representative sold it to the government to convert into a barracks, but the transaction was subject to parliamentary inquiry and the contractor was obliged to vacate his seat.

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the Chamber of Commerce, established in 1831 : two other reading-rooms have been opened. The Wexford Union Club, formed in 1833, is held in a building erected for it on the quay. Two newspapers are published, each twice a week, and professing respectively conservative and independent principles. A small theatre was built in the Back-street about thirteen years since, as a private speculation, which not having succeeded, it is used as an auction and commission sale-room, without any alteration in its internal arrangements : a circulating library is kept in its lobby. Balls for public charities and on other occasions are given in the Assembly-rooms, a handsome suite <>( apartments. The castle and its surrounding grounds, granted by Cromwell to a person named Borr, were sold about a century since to the government by that individual's representative, who contracted to convert it into a spacious barrack ; but the transaction being made the subject of parhamentary inquiry, the contractor, who was a member of the house of commons, was obliged to vacate his seat, and the treaty was put an end to. The present barracks, situated at the commencement of the Faithe, form a considerable range of building, capable of affording sufficient accommodation for seven officers and 172 non-commissioned oflicers and privates, with an hospital for twelve patients. Several new streets have been opened within the last few years, but much is yet to be accomplished in the general improvement of the town, many of the cross lanes which connect the principal thoroughfares being of very unsightly appearance, extremely narrow and irregular, and presenting almost every indication of decay and poverty.

Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 399

Wexford charters from 1318 to 1608

Wexford · town · Wexford · 1318–1608

The first recorded charter to Wexford was granted by Adomar de Valence in 1318, confirmed by Henry IV in 1411 and Elizabeth in 1558. James I granted a third charter in 1608, which was the latest in force when the corporation was dissolved.

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The first charter to Wexford on record is that of Adomar de Valence in 1318, already noticed, which was confirmed and extended by that of the 12th of Henry IV., in 1411, and again confirmed by Elizabeth in 155S. The act of the 2Sth of Henry VHL for vesting the estates of absentees in the crown, under which that of Talbot, Earl of Shrewsbury, was confiscated, was followed by another specially confirming the liberties and privileges of the corporation of Wexford. A third charter was granted by James I. in 1608, which 662
WEX F

Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 399

Wexford Court-house on the quay

Wexford · town · Wexford

The Court-house, situated on the quay opposite the end of the bridge, is a neat structure erected at the expense of the county, consisting of a centre and two wings with an entrance under a pediment supported by two columns.

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cleaned nor repaired ; all the thoroughfares up to the town are kept in order by the county grand jury. The Bridge Curporation consists of the subscriljcrs to the fund for building the bridge across the Slaney at Wexford, who are empowered to levy tolls for defraying the expenses of its erection and repairs, and to divide the surplus revenue among the subscribers rateably. The Court-house, situated on the quay, opposite to the end of the bridge, is a neat structure, erected at the expense of the county, and consists of a centre and two wings, with its entrance under a pediment supported by two columns. The County Gaol ami House of Correction Stands at the entrance of the town from New Ross, inclosed by a wall from 16 to '20 feet high, with an entrance between two turnkeys' lodges. It consists of a centre and two wings ; the interior contains 4'2 cells, 12 day-rooms, and 1 6 airing-yards, with a detached hospital ; the male prisoners are employed at breaking stones, or at the treadmill ; the females in washing, spinning, and knitting. There is not, however, accommodation suthcicut for the average number of prisoners, or for discipline and classification.
The borough returned two members to the Irish parliament, by a prescriptive right exercised without interruption from 13~4, till the Union, at which period the number of its representatives was reduced to one, whom it continues to return under the act of the 2nd of William IV., cap. 88. The number of electors, in 1841, was 301, of whom 195 were £10 householders, and 106 freemen. The environs contain a number of handsome houses and neat villas, the residences of the gentry connected with the town. W'ithin the last few years new roads have been opened between Wexford and Duncannon Fort, New Ross, and Enniscorthy, the last-named of which is now the mail-coach road : a new approach to the town from the Carrigg bridge road has been contemplated, as has been the formation of a canal of four miles to the bathing-village of Curracloe.

Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 399

Wexford haven navigation hazards

Wexford · town · Wexford

The principal passage to Wexford harbour's mouth has only six feet of water at spring tide ebb, forcing vessels larger than fishing boats to ride outside exposed to shipwreck. Sir John Rennie suggested expedients for diminishing these impediments, but none were acted upon.

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is the principal passage to the haven's mouth, there are only six feet of water at the ebb of spring tides ; and as the rise of springs is but six feet, and at neaps from three to four, vessels of every size larger than fishingboats must ride outside exposed to the danger of shipwreck before there is a sufficient depth of water to float them in. The navigation, too, of the interior of the harbour, a distance of five miles, is both intricate and shallow. Several expedients have been suggested by Sir John Rennie in a report on the subject, for the diminution of those impediments to the safe navigation of the haven ; but none of them have been yet acted upon. Notwithstanding these formidable obstacles the commerce is considerable : there are 1 10 registered vessels, of the aggregate burthen of 8000 tons, and navigated by 600 seamen, belonging to the port ; chiefly engaged in the British and coasting trade. The port is deemed a great nursery for seamen, as there is always a large proportion of apprentices in the merchants' service here. There are two steamers on the Wexford and Liverpool station, one of which sails every week in winter and twice a week in summer, carrying live cattle, provisions, merchandise, and passengers. The shipping interests have been materially promoted by the construction of a patent-slip and ship-building yard, by Mr. Redmond, at the southern extremity of his new embankment ; the vessels belonging to the port were previously built at Milford and Liverpool. The trade with the interior of the country is carried on chiefly by the Slaney, which is navigable to Enniscorthy. The principal market is on Saturday ; there is one for poultry, butter, eggs, and small wares, on Wednesday : meat, fish, and vegetables are exposed for sale daily. The shambles occupy one side of a street leading from the quay ; the butter-market is held underneath the Court of Conscience, the corn and potato market in a square named the corn-market : poultry is vended in the public street. Fairs are held on Whit-Monday and the ^gth of June, on the Windmill Hill ; on the 24th of Aug., in the Faithe ; and on the Saturday before Shrovetide, March I'th, May 1st, Sept. 29th, and Nov. 1st, in the town.

Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 399

Wexford named Weisford by Danish settlers

Wexford · town · Wexford

The Danes, after devastating the surrounding country by predatory incursions, made the town of Wexford the centre of a permanent settlement and gave it the name Weisford, from which the present name is derived.

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all signifying "the maritime country." The first of these appears to be preserved in the designation of Enniscorthy; the second, it is thought, gave the family name to the chief Mac Murrough or Mac Murchad ; and from the third came the denomination of Leinster, which, in the productions of the Irish, Danish, and Latin writers towards the close of the middle ages, is mostly confined to Wexford. This and the adjoining county of Wicklow were also distinguished by the name of Dalmuchscrd, or " the maritime counties." Weisford, from which its present name is formed, was given to its chief town by the Danes, who, after devastating the country by predatory incursions, made the town of Wexford the centre of a permanent settlement. In later times, a popular designation of this district was, according to Camden, County Reogh, or "the rough county ;" and the northern part was included in Ily Kinselagh, the peculiar territory of the Mac Mcii- ROUCHS, afterwards known by the name of Kavanagh. A principal seat of the royal family of Leinster was at Ferns, in this territory, the favourite place of residence of the last king, Dermod Mac Murrough. Hither he conveyed Dervorghal, wife of O'Rourk, Prince of Breffny, whom he carried off from her husband ; and after he had been driven out of the country, by Roderic, King of Ireland, and had engaged the assistance of some English leaders to reinstate him in his authority, he returned to this part to await in the privacy of the abbey the arrival of his new allies.

Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 391

Wexford one of first places to fall to insurgents in 1641

Wexford · town · Wexford · 1641

Upon the outbreak of the war of 1641, Wexford was among the first places to fall into the hands of the insurgents and became their chief port for receiving military supplies from other countries.

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victorious earl held a parliament in the town next year. The lordship, which had been conveyed, through the female line, to Richard Talbot, who married the only daughter of Adomar de Valence, continued in the possession of his descendants, until forfeited in the '28th of Henry VIII., under the act against absentees. By a charter of James I., iu 1608, the castle aud borough were granted to the corporation at an annual rent. Upon the breaking out of the war of 1641, Wexford was one of the first places that fell into the hands of the insurgents, and became their chief port for receiving military supplies from other countries. On hearing of the approach of Cromwell, in 1649, the inhabitants at first refused to admit any troops on the part of the king, but afterwards consented to receive 2000 Roman Catholics sent by the Marquess of Ormonde : the aid, however, was useless, for Cromwell's troops gained admission either by force or through the treachery of Stafford, the governor ; and the town was given up to military execution, as had been the case with Drogheda. The castle, and much of the corporation property, were confiscated at this period. After the battle of the Boyne, the town declared for William III., and was garrisoned by his troops.

Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 398

Wexford receives its earliest extant charter from Adomar de Valence

Wexford · town · Wexford · 1318

In 1318 Wexford received its earliest charter extant, from Adomar de Valence, who had come into possession of the town and lordship through marriage with Warren de Mountchensey's only daughter.

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After the main body of the English had proceeded to Dublin, the Wexford men invested the castle, and, having iu vain endeavoured to force an entrance, prevailed upon Fitz-Stephen and his garrison to surrender, by means of a fabricated account of the destruction of Strongbow and all his companions in arms. On the arrival of Strongbow, who, after the dispersion of the Irish army before Dublin, had hastened to the relief of Fitz-Stephen, the townsmen quitted "Wexford and took refuge in Beg Erin, an island in the harbour, carrying their prisoners with them as hostages for their own good treatment. The plan succeeded : on the arrival of King Henry, they gave up their prisoners, and were allowed to return peaceably to Wexford, which they now promised to hold under his authority. Henry, on his hurried departure from Ireland to suppress an insurrection in Normandy, gave the town in charge to William Fitz-Aldelm, Philip de Braosa, and Philip of Hastings, with a body of 50 knights. In 1174 he granted the town to Strongbow, who, during his residence in it, celebrated the marriage of his sister Basilea with Raymond le Gros and appointed him governor. In 1177, Raymond received Fitz-Aldelni here on his arrival as custos or governor of Ireland, and the latter placed his kinsman, Walter Almain, in command of the place ; but Raymond having been restored, soon after proceeded by sea with part of the garrison to the relief of the city of Cork, which was besieged by an Irish army. After the death of Strongbow, and all the male issue of his only daughter (who had married William Marshal, Earl of Pembroke), and on the subsequent partition of his immense property among his five grand-daughters, Wexford was assigned to Joan, the second sister, who had married Warren de Mountchensey. In 1318 the town received its earliest charter extant, from Adomar de Valence, into whose possession it and the lordship had come by marriage with Warren's only daughter. In 1327, an Irish army under O'Brien was repulsed from the town with great slaughter.

Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 398

Wexford town: 1798 rebellion slaughter and recapture

Wexford · town · Wexford · 1798

The possession of Wexford by insurgents in 1798 led to the slaughter of many loyalists who could not escape, as well as prisoners brought in. The recapture of Wexford immediately followed the fall of Vinegar Hill, and was accompanied by further executions of those engaged in the rebellion.

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the garrison of the latter place, the insurgents moved upon that also ; and the garrison made a hasty retreat to Waterford. At this time a camp was formed at Vinegar hill, in the immediate vicinity of Enniscorthy, which was the head-quarters of the insurgent army during its short existence. The possession of Wexford gave occasion to the slaughter of many of the loyalists who had not been able to effect a timely escape, and also of several of the prisoners brought in from time to time ; nor were these atrocities without their counterpart in the excesses of the royalist soldiery. At the commencement of hostilities, Beauchamp Bagaal Harvey, Esq., a Protestant gentlemen of the county, who had long signalised himself as an advocate of the people, and an enemy to the measures of the Irish government, had been chosen general. A few days subsequently to the occupation of Wexford, the insurgents attacked the town of New Ross, but after ten hours' hard fighting they were repulsed on all sides with considerable loss ; shortly afterwards Harvey was superseded, and the command was given to a Roman Catholic clergyman named Roche. The royal forces which had been collecting from various parts now made a simultaneous attack from all sides on the position of Vinegar hill, which was taken with little difhculty, and the main body of insurgents forced to retreat. The recapture of Wexford immediately followed, and a fresh torrent of blood was poured forth in the punishment of numbers engaged in the rebellion, which was thus terminated in this district, except in the lingering efforts of detached parties.

Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 393

Wexford town attacked by Fitz-Stephen after four-day resistance

Wexford · town · Wexford · 1169

Fitz-Stephen attacked Wexford but its Danish inhabitants made a stubborn resistance lasting four days before surrendering on articles through the intercession of the clergy. Mac Murrough then granted the town to Fitz-Stephen and Maurice Fitzgerald.

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The landing of the first body of the English took place at Bagenbon, on the south side of Fethard bay, in the south- western part of the county, in May, 1169- The party consisted of 30 knights, 60 men at arms, and 300 archers, under the command of Robert Fitz-Sfephen, whom Mac Murrough had engaged in the attempt by the promise of conferring on him the town of Wexford, with a large adjacent territory. Being reinforced by Maurice Prendergast, who landed on the following day at the same place with 10 knights and 200 archers, and joined by Mac ISIurrough, Fitz-Stephen attacked Wexford; but its Danish inhabitants made a stubborn resistance, and it was not until after a contest of four days that they were induced to surrender on articles, through the interference of the clergy. Mac Murrough then made the grant in favour of Fitz-Stephen, and his companion in arms, Maurice Fitzgerald ; he also granted two cantreds, which lay between the town of Wexford and the Suir, to Harvey de Monte Marisco or Montmorency, the uncle of Strongbow and another associate of Fitz-Stephen. The successful settlement of the English, whose numbers were augmented by reinforcements from their own country, alarmed the other native princes ; and Roderic, King of Ireland, aided by a confederacy of the subordinate chiefs, made an effort to drive out both the rebellious king of Leinster and his allies. To resist this formidable invasion, Mac Murrough fortified himself in a strong position near Ferns, and presented such a front to the assailing army, that hostilities terminated in a treaty between the Irish kings, in which a secret article was inserted for the expulsion of the English. But the arrival of additional forces eave a new direction to Mac JIurrough's views. Aided by them he took the city of Dublin from the Danes, and was projecting a scheme for asserting bis right to the monarchy of the whole island, when the
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Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 391

Wexford town walls and towers still standing

Wexford · town · Wexford

Portions of Wexford's medieval town walls survive with five towers—three square and two round—showing the walls were 22 feet high and supported by an earth rampart 21 feet thick. Ruins of most of the old churches within the town are also still visible.

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The ruins of the ancient monastery of St. Peter and St. Paul of Selsker, consisting of a tower now forming part of the present church, and some of the arches, are still in existence. It is said that Cromwell, when he destroyed the church at the sacking of Wexford, carried away the ring of bells, and that they are now in one of the churches in Liverpool : according to tradition, the freedom of the town, and exemption from the port dues, of Liverpool, were granted to the freemen of Wexford in lieu of these bells. There are no remains of the priory of the Knights of St. John of Jerusalem, or of the Magdalene leper house. Some portions of the town walls, with five of the towers, three square and two round, are still in a sufficient state of preservation to shew that the walls were 22 feet high, and were .supported on the inside by a rampart of earth 2 1 feet thick : ruins of most of the old churches, also, are still visible. Near the West gate was a strong chalybeate spring, now closed up. Many coins have been found at different times, but none of great antiquity : among them are some of copper, of the dates 1605 and 1615, evidently struck off for tokens by merchants or dealers to supply the deficiency of legal coin. Near the Windmill hill a rudely carved urn of unbaked clay, containing calcined human bones, was found in 1831. Nicholas French, anthor of " the Bleeding Iphigenia," and several other political publications during the reign of Charles IL, was a native of this town. Wexford gives one of his titles of Earl, in the Irish peerage, to the Earl of Shrewsbury.
WHERRY, a parish, in the union of Pabsonstown, barony of Garrycastle, King's county, and province of Leinster ; containing, with part of the post-town of

Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 400

Whiddy Island fort erected after 1796 French attempt

near Whiddy Island · island or archipelago · Cork · 1796–1797

Whiddy, the largest island in Bantry Bay, is crowned with a small fort mounting five pieces of cannon, erected by government after the attempt of the French in 1796 to land at Bantry.

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KILMACOMOGUE, a parish, in the union of Bantry, partly in the Western division of the barony of East Carbery, and partly in the Eastern division of that of West Carbery, but chiefly in the barony of Bantry, county of Cork, and province of Munster ; containing, with the post-town of Bantry and the island ofWhiddy, 16,1SS inhabitants. This parish, which is situated at the extremity of Bantry bay, comprises 64,56s statute acres. Very great improvements have been made in agriculture since 1815, and a large portion of land has been brought into profitable cultivation. The principal manure is the calcareous deposit found in abundance on the shores of the bay, and which in some places is so mixed with coral sand as to be quite as effective as pure lime in fertilising the soil : sea-weed is also used. There are, however, still more than '20,000 acres of waste land, the greater portion of which is mountainous, in some places quite barren, and in others affording pasturage for young cattle, of which vast herds are reared ; there are also about 15,000 acres of bog and marshy ground, much of which is capable of being reclaimed. The surrounding scenery is strikingly varied, and in some parts characterised by features of majestic grandeur. Gle/igarijT, partly in this parish, and within 10 miles of Bantry, is much resorted to for the singular variety and indescribable beauty of its scenery. It is situated on the picturesque bay to which it gives name, at the north-eastern extremity of Bantry bay ; and derives its name, signifying the " rough glen," from its wild and rugged aspect in the midst of rocks, cliffs, and mountains thrown together in the greatest confusion, and finely contrasted with the richness of luxuriant woods and verdant meadows, shaded w ith thriving plantations intermixed with evergeens and flowering shrubs. The Bay of liantnj, from many points of view, has the appearance of a fine lake, and is studded with numerous rocky islets fringed with evergreens ; of these, the island of Whiddy is the largest, and is crowned with a small fort mounting five pieces of cannon, erected by government after the attempt of the French in 1796. Along the north-western shore rises the Sugar Loaf mountain, supported by the smaller mountains called the Ghoal : the sides of these mountains, dark and deeply indented, are in fine contrast with the bright and smooth surface of the bay ; and their summits, frequently concealed by flying clouds and quickly emerging into the sun's rays, present an ever-changing scene. Far behind is a precipitous cliff, which for many generations has been the resort of eagles, and concerning which the peasantry have many interesting traditions, in connexion with the O'Sullivaus, the ancient chieftains of Bere.

Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 43

Whinstone quarry worked in Tartaraghan

near Tartaraghan · parish · Armagh

A quarry of whinstone is worked in the parish of Tartaraghan, chiefly for building. The parish also contains a large tract of valuable bog bordering on Lough Neagh.

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TARTARAGHAN, or The Low Parish, a parish, in the unions of Lvrgan and Armagh, barony of Oneillaxd West, county of Armagh, and province of Ulster, 3 miles (N. E.) from Loughgall, and on the road from Lurgan, by Verner's-Bridge, to Dungannon ; containing 7313 inhabitants. This parish is bounded for a short distance on the north-east by the river Bann, and on the north-west by the river Blackwater ; it formerly was part of the parishes of Drumcree and Loughgall, from which it was separated by act of parliament in the 8th of Queen Anne, and erected into a distinct parish, comprising 11,61'2 statute acres, of which ^l^'^J are in Lough Xeagh and in small lakes. The lands are chiefly under tillage ; the soil is stiff and heavy, but fertile ; and the system of agriculture is progressively improving. In the lower extremity of the parish, bordering on Lough Neagh, is a large tract of valuable bog; and a quarry of whinstone is worked, chiefly for building. The principal seats are Crow Hill and Clantilew. About one-sixth of the population are employed in the linen manufacture. The parish contains a police station, and petty-sessions are held in the barrack once a month ; a manorial court is held at Clantilew, every third Thursday, for the recovery of debts to the amount of 40s.
The living is a rectory, in the diocese of Armagh, and in the successive patronage of the Lord Primate, the Earl of Charlemont (two turns), and Lord Lurgan ; the tithe rent-charge is £-207. 6. 5. The glebe-house was erected in 1775, at an expense of £5'23, of which £100 were a gift from the late Board of First Fruits, and the remainder was defrayed by the then incumbent ; the glebe comprises 40 statute acres, valued at £50 per annum. The old church was pulled down, and the present church erected in 1816 at a cost of £1300, of Vol. II.— 553

Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 317

Whiteabbey ruins and origin of name

Whiteabbey · townland · Antrim

The village of Whiteabbey derives its name from an old abbey whose picturesque ruins include a chapel exhibiting early English architecture. The founders and exact date of construction are unknown.

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WHITEABBEY, or Wii.tehouse-Ahbev, a village, in the parish of Carmoney, union of Belfast, barony of Lower Belfast, county of Antrlm, and province of Ulster, 4 miles (N.) from Belfast, and on the shore of Belfast lough ; containing 96 houses, and 650 inhabitants. It takes its name from an old abbey, whose picturesque ruins consist of a chapel, denoting the early English style of architecture, but at what time or by whom founded is not known. The inhabitants are chiefly workers in the flax-spinning manufactory which adjoins the village. There is a place of worship for Presbyterians.

Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 402

Whiteboy attack on Greenville House, 1822

Greenville · townland · Cork · 1822

In 1822 the house at Greenville was attacked by Whiteboys, who were repulsed with several of their number killed.

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KILMICHAEL, county Clare. — See Kilmihill. KILMICHAEL, a parish, in the union of Dunmanway, partly in the Western division of the barony of East Carbery, but chiefly in the barony of West Muskerry, county of Cork, and province of Munster, 6 miles (S. S. W.) from Macroom, on the road to Dunmanway ; containing 6250 inhabitants. It comprises 20,869 statute acres ; about half is good pasture, onethird arable, and the remainder bog and mountain. The substratum is slaty, containing indications of copper, particularly in the bed of the river Lee, which separates this parish from Kinneigh. Here is a constabulary police station. The principal seats are Cooldaniel, Carrigbuoy, and Greenville, in the demesne of which last are some lakes with great numbers of swans and water-fowl ; also an ancient rath, now planted, where a bag of copper coins, and several apartments communicating by narrow passages, have been discovered. The house was attacked in 1822 by the Whiteboys, who were repulsed, and several of them killed. The living is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of Cork, episcopally united, in 1797, to part of the rectory and vicarage of Macloneigh, and in the patronage of the Bishop : the tithe rent-charge of the parish is £519. S., and of the entire benefice £706. 15. There is no glebe-house ; the glebe of Kilmichael comprises 7 acres, and in Macloneigh is a glebe of 48 acres. The church, a small building accommodating 80 persons, was lately erected by the Ecclesiastical Commissioners,
K I L— M I

Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 45

Whiteboy insurrection of 1762 in Limerick

Rathkeale · town · Limerick · 1762

In 1762, peasants in this part of Limerick assembled by night, digging up corn-fields, levelling inclosures, and killing cattle of the gentry. They were called Whiteboys from wearing shirts over their clothes to identify each other in the dark.

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Early in the last century. Lord Southwell brought over a number of German Protestants, whom he settled at Court-jNIattras, or Castle Matres, near Rathkeale ; other colonies were also planted in various places through the county. Their descendants have increased greatly in number, and are now generally distinguished by the name of Palatines. For a long time they were objects of hatred to the native peasantry, but the feeling has gradually though not wholly subsided, and they are now chiefly noted for their habits of cleanliness and order, and their superior skill in agriculture and rural economy. In the year 176'2, a most alarming spirit of insurrection showed itself in this part of the country ; the peasantry assembled in great numbers, chiefly by night, dug up corn-fields, levelled inclosures, houghed or killed the cattle of the gentry, and even put to death or treated with great cruelty individuals obnoxious to them from their harsh mode of collecting the tithes and taxes. From wearing shirts over their clothes in order to knowone another in the night, they were called Whiteboys. Some very severe statutes were enacted to suppress this spirit, and their observance being enforced by a large body of the military, tranquillity was after some time restored ; several of the leaders of the insurrection were executed, and many of their followers transported. A 223
similar insurrection broke out in 17ft6, in which the hostility of the insurgents was directed against the same objects as before ; they even assembled and traversed the country in military array during the open day, compelling every person they met to take an oath againit the payment of taxes. They were, however, soon put down by the strong arm of the law, aided by the military.

Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 73

White Castle built at Leighlin-Bridge 1408

Leighlinbridge · town · Carlow · 1408

In 1408 Gerald, fifth earl of Kildare, built another fortress at Leighlin-Bridge which he called White Castle. After the Dissolution the monastery was also converted into a fort occupied as a military station by Sir Edward Bellingham.

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LEIGHLIN-BRIDGE, a market and post town, partly in the parish of Augha, barony of Idrone-East, but chiefly in that of Wells, barony of Idrone-West, union and county of Carlow, and province of Lein- STER, 6 miles (S.) from Carlow, and 45 (S. S. W.) from Dublin, on the coach-road to Cork; containing 1748 inhabitants. This place derives its name from a bridge over the river Barrow, which connects the two parts of the town on the opposite banks with each other and is in a line with the road leading to Old Leighlin, in contradistinction to which place, previously to the erection of the bridge, this town was generally called New Leighlin. The lands were granted by Hugh de Lacy to John de Clahul, or de Claville, who in 1181 erected a strong castle or fortress, called the Black Cattle, which was one of the earliest defences of the English in Ireland. Towards the close of the reign of Henry III., a Carmelite monastery was founded near the castle, on the eastern bank of the Barrow, by a member of the Carew family, and dedicated to the Blessed Virgin. The bridge, of nine arches, was built in 1320 by Maurice Jakis, a canon of the cathedral of Kildare, to facilitate the intercourse between the religious houses of Old and New Leighlin. As the English settlement here became more insecure, the monastery was much exposed to the hostile attacks of the native Irish; and in 1371, Ed^'ard III. granted ten marks annually for the repair and rebuilding of the house, which grant was renewed six years afterwards. In 1378, Richard II., in consideration of the expense and labour of supporting the house and the bridge against the king's enemies, bestowed on the prior an annual pension of 20 marks out of the rents of the town of Newcastle of Lyons ; he confirmed the gift in 1394, and it was also ratified by Henry IV. and Henry V., the latter monarch ordering that all arrears then due should be paid. In 1408, Gerald, fifth earl of Kildare, built another fortress here, which he called White Castle ; and after the Dissolution the monastery was also converted into a fort, and occupied as a military station by Sir Edward Bellingham, Marshal of the English army and Lord-Deputy of Ireland. This fort was taken in 1577 by Rory Oge O'More, dynast of Leix, who destroyed the town by fire ; and in 1649 it surrendered to the parliamentarians under Col. Hewson, soon after which the main army under Ireton, on their march to Carlow, laid waste the neighbouring country.

Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 67

Whitechurch parish: mills, granite and mountain landscape

Whitechurch · townland · Dublin

The parish of Whitechurch comprises varied terrain, from flat cultivated land in the north to mountain heights in the south forming the base of the Dublin and Wicklow mountains. The Cruagh river and another stream carry water south to north, powering paper-mills and cotton-factories, while inexhaustible granite stores supply Dublin's public buildings.

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WHITECHURCH, a parish, in the union of Rathdown, barony of Rathdown, county of Dublin, and province of Leinster, 5 miles (S.) from the General Post-office; containing 1375 inhabitants. The parish comprises 'iS73i statute acres, of very varied surface. The northern portion, though lying high with respect to the sea level of Dublin bay, is generally flat and of good quality, highly improved by continued cultivation ; the southern rises into heights of considerable elevation, forming the base of the northern range of the Dublin and Wicklow mountains. The Cruagh river and another of smaller size, both carrying down from the high grounds a large volume of water during the rainy season, though nearly dry in summer, irrigate the whole district from south to north, and after uniting their streams join the Dodder at Rathfarnham. Each of these has several mill sites, on which are paper-mills at present little used, though capable of executing much work, and cottonfactories that employ about l'.;0 hands in the aggregate : attached to the works of Mr. Bewley are bleachinggrounds and an extensive laundry. The mountain land produces only pasturage, and about 5.50 acres of it are a barren waste ; but there are inexhaustible stores of granite, which is in great demand for the public buildings and the more ornamented dwelling-houses in Dublin and the surrounding country. The military road through the county of Wicklow passes by the villages of Ballyboden and Rockbrook.

Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 402

White family castle site at Killinchy fort

Killinchy · townland · Down · 1802

The ancient castle of the White family stood on the site of Killinchy fort. Many silver and copper coins were discovered in its vicinity in 1802.

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The living is a rectory, in the diocese of Down, and in the alternate patronage of Viscount Bangor and the Earl of Carrick : the tithe rent-charge is £600. The church, a large and handsome edifice with a square embattled tower, situated on an eminence, was built in 1830, at an expense of £900, whereof one-half was raised by subscription, and the remainder by parochial assessment. The glebe-house was built in 1789, by the then incumbent, and there is a glebe of 12 acres. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish forms part of the district of Saintfield and Killinchy, and has a chapel at Carrickmannon. There is a meeting-house for Presbyterians in connexion with the General Assembly. The parochial schools are principally sujiported by the rector ; the school-house, built in 1825, is a good plain edifice, containing separate schoolrooms for boys and girls, and residences for the master and mistress. There are ten other public schools, six of which are connected with the National Board ; the remaining four are aided by annual donations from Lord Dufferin, D. Gordon, Esq., and the rector. The Earl of Limerick, about 1730, gave part of the townland of Killinchy, which now produces £300 per annum, to the Incorporated School Society; and in ISIO, Major Potter bequeathed £100 to the poor members of the Presbyterian meeting house, among whom the interest is divided every Christmas. Here are the remains of Balloo fort, near which many silver coins of the reigns of John and other monarchs were found in 1829 : the ancient castle of the family of White stood on the site of Killinchy fort, and in 1802 many silver and copper coins were found in its vicinity. In the churchyard is the tomb of the family of Bruce.

Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 39

White Knight's castle at Mitchelstown

Mitchelstown · town · Cork · 1641–1660

The White Knight (Clongibbon) built a castle at Mitchelstown, which was reduced by insurgents in 1641, retaken by the English, and later besieged by the Earl of Castlehaven, surrendering to him in 1645. The heiress Margaret Fitzgerald married Sir William Fenton, and their daughter conveyed the estate to Sir John King, created Baron Kingston in 1660.

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MITCHELSTOWN, a market and post town, in the parish of Brigown, union of Fermoy, barony of Condons and Clongibbons, county of Cork, and province of MuNSTER, '344: miles (N. by E.) from Cork, and 101 (S. W.) from Dublin, on the coach-road to Cork ; containing 4181 inhabitants. This place formed part of the extensive possessions of the White Knight, otherwise called Clongibbon, from whom part of the barony derived its name, and who was descended by a second marriage from John Fitzgerald, ancestor of the illustrious houses of Kildare and Desmond. The White Knight erected here a castle, which was reduced by the insurgents in 1641, but was retaken by the English, and was afterwards besieged by the Earl of Castlehaven, to whom it surrendered in 1645. Margaret Fitzgerald, sole heiress of the White Knight, married Sir William Fenton ; and their only daughter conveyed this portion of the estates, by marriage, to Sir John King, who was created Baron Kingston by Charles II., in 1660, and was ancestor of the present Earl of Kingston.

Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 154

White limestone strata emerging at Tamlaght

Tamlaght · townland · Tyrone

Strata of white limestone, entering from Seagoe and Maralin in County Down and passing under Lough Neagh, emerge from their subterranean bed a little westward of the church at Tamlaght and continue across the landscape.

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TAMLAGHT, a parish, partly in the union of Magherafelt, barony of Loughinsholin, county of Londonderry, but chiefly in that of Cookstown, barony of Dunganno.x, county of Tyrone, and province of Ulster, 3^ miles (S. byE.) from Moneymore; on the roads from Toome to Moneymore and from Cookstown to Magherafelt, and on the river Ballinderry ; containing 3006 inhabitants. The river here forms the southern boundary of the county of Londonderry ; and on its south bank, close to its junction with Lough Neagh, stands the village of Coagh, which is described under its own head. The parish comprises 4954f statute acres, '24471 acres being in the barony of Dungannon, and 2507 in that of Loughiusholin, all fertile land, except about 300 acres of waste and bog : about twothirds of the surface are arable, and the rest meadow and pasture ; there is no mountain laud. The inhabitants combine with agriculture the weaving of linencloth, here carried on to a great extent. There are several quarries of good limestone, much of which is burned for manure. A little westward of the church are seen strata of white limestone, which enter from Seagoe and Maralin, in the county of Down ; pass under Lough Neagh, nearly due east and west; and, here emerging from their subterranean bed, continue to 546

Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 310

White limestone with flint nodules near Coagh

near Coagh · village · Tyrone

White limestone containing numerous nodules of flint, similar to that found in Antrim, occurs near Coagh. This formation is distinct from the detached portions of limestone similar to the great central field of Ireland found elsewhere in the county.

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The county exhibits some very striking geological features. The red sandstone formation embraces a considerable portion of its southern and eastern parts, while the greater part of the north and west belongs to the clay-slate formation. In both districts are considerable exceptions. The clay-slate is intersected by a vein of micaceous limestone, which first appears in the bed of the river Poe ; thence passing near Newtown-Stewart and crossing the Munterlowny mountains, it terminates near the village of Dunamanagh, in the northern extremity of the county. Detached portions of limestone, similar to that of the great central field of Ireland, are to be met with in many parts : white limestone, containing numerous nodules of flint, like that of Antrim, is found near Coagh. Near Cookstown is a species dissimilar to all the others, and containing a great variety of organic remains ; the vein extends southwards to Stewartstown, and is disposed in strata varying from five inches to four feet in thickness. But the most remarkable geological feature of the county is its co.\l f(jrmafion, in which, though the field is of small extent as compared with those in the south and west of Ireland, it surpasses them in the thickness of the seams and quality of the mineral. The district around this coal field contains rocks of every class, from the most ancient of the primary to the latest of the secondary or alluvial formations. In the Coal-Island works the coal rests on fire-clay, in Drumglass on soft porous sandstone, and in Annahoe on blue clunch ; but as the country in which the collieries are situated is covered with alluvial soil to the depth of from '20 to 30 feet, it is often difficult to trace the various beds. In its external aspect, the coal district is in general similar to that composed of sandstone ; the surface exhibiting an assemblage of 620 ^ ^
low hills with steep acclivities and flattened summits, rarely exceeding 100 feet in height : when higher, their upper part is generally composed either of new red sandstone or of trap.

Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 366

White Rocks of Maudlintown

Maudlintown · street · Wexford

The parish of Maudlintown includes a rugged tract of trap formation known as the White Rocks, part of its 841 statute acres on the western shore of Wexford harbour.

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MAUDLINTOWN, a parish, in the barony of Forth, union and county of Wexford, and province of Leinster ; containing, with part of the town ot Wexford, 7'23 inhabitants. By an inquisition taken in the Sth of James I., it appears that there was an hospital for lepers here, governed by a master, keeper, or prior, who, with the brethren and sisters, had, in the 19th of Richard II., acquired and appropriated to themselves and successors in perpetuity, contrary to the statute of mortmain, 120 acres of land in Maudlintown and Rochestown, with the tithes of the parish of Ballyvalloo, kc. The parish is situated on the western shore of the harbour of Wexford, and its south-eastern part forms a continuation of the suburb called "The Faithe :" it comprises 841 statute acres, partly under tillage, and partly occupied by the rugged tract of the trap formation, called the White Rocks. Within the limits of the parish is Rockland Hall, the seat of W. Talbot, Esq. (father of the Countess of Shrewsbury), situated near the shore of the harbour, of which and of the bay it commands an extensive view. For civil purposes this parish has merged into that of St. Peter's, Wexford. It is a rectory, in the diocese of Ferns, forming part of the ecclesiastical union of St. Patrick's, Wexford : the tithe rent-charge is £67. 15. 6. In the Roman Catholic divisions it is part of the district of Wexford. The ruins of the church, dedicated to St. Maud, still exist.
MAUL'S, ST., a parish, in the union of Kilkenny, partly in the barony of Gowran, county of Kilkenny, but chiefly within the liberties of the city of Kilkenny, and province of Leinster; containing 1496 inhabitants, and comprising 31'2| statute acres. It is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of Ossory, entirely appropriate to the see : the tithe rent-charge is £3*. 10., now payable to the Ecclesiastical Commissioners. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish forms part of the district of St. Canice.

Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 140

Whitewood lake and demesne at Nobber

Whitewood · townland · Meath

The lake of Whitewood, in the demesne of the same name and seat of Viscount Gormanston, is nearly an English mile in length and is the source of the river Dee. The demesne contains 150 acres, about 80 planted chiefly with young oak.

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The parish comprises 10,488 statute acres. The land, which is principally under tillage, varies greatly in quality : in the southern part it is very superior, producing excellent crops of wheat, oats, and barley, with fine pasturage ; there is a considerable quantity of bog in the north, and some marshy bog near the town. The system of agriculture is improving. The lake of Whitewood, which is in the demesne of the same name, the seat of Viscount Gormanston, who has a large estate in the parish, is nearly an English mile in length and is the source of the river Dee, which flows eastward through the parish and discharges itself into the Irish Sea near Annagasson, in the county of Louth. At Rockfield are three quarries near one another, one of which yields limestone, another greywacke, and the third a black slaty stone ; there are several other limestone-quarries in the parish. The principal seats are, Whitewood, already noticed, standing conspicuously on an eminence, and of which the demesne contains 1 50 acres, about 80 being planted, chiefly with young oak ; Brittas, a villa with a demesne containing about 400 acres, well planted ; Julianstown, Rockfield, Possextown, where is an emi-
NO HO

Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 215

Wicker-doored stone cabins between Tarbert and Listowel

Tarbert · town · Kerry

Many cabins between Tarbert and Listowel were built of stone without cement, with doors made of wicker, reflecting the poor housing conditions in the northern part of Kerry where families and cattle shared the same apartment.

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In the western part of the county the houses were formerly built after the Spanish fashion, with stone balconies in front ; as there was a great communication with the Spaniards and Portuguese, who visited the coast annually in considerable numbers to fish for cod, which circumstance also accounts for the names given to some of the towns. The mountainous parts are chiefly inhabited by herdsmen, who feed and clothe themselves from their own lands, consuming but little of the produce of other places ; their habitations are low smoky huts covered with coarse thatch. In some parts the women have a becoming dress, consisting of a jacket of cloth, with loose sleeves, made to fit close round the neck and bosom, and fastened in front with a row of buttons : this is considered to be a relic of the Spanish costume. They marry at a very early age. The peasants are generally well-proportioned, with swarthy complexions, dark eyes, anil long black hair ; exhibiting, in the opinion of some, strong traces of Spanish origin. They are a frank, honest race, of very independent spirit, acute in understanding, and friendly and hospitable to strangers. The Dingle mountains being dry and healthy, are very populous ; those to the south are but thinly peopled. The state of the peasantry in the northern part of the county is much wor.se than that just described. In many places they are badly housed, the family and the cattle, including the pig, being inmates of the same apartment ; the floors being sunk below the level of the soil : the bedding fornicd of straw, hay, or dry rushes ; their clothing scanty ; nearly two-thirds of the population bare-legged ; the diet, potatoes and sour milk ; the wages, tenpence a day in spring and harvest, and at other periods the labourers wholly unemployed. Between Tarbert and Listowel many of the cabins are built of stone without cement, the doors being of wicker. The people in general, though superstitious, querulous, and, from want of regular employment, of an idle disposition, are inquisitive and extremely intelligent. It is well known that classical learning was once sought after even to a fault among the lower orders throughout the county, manv of whom had more knowledge of the Latin language than had the higher classes in other parts. The practice of " keening" at funerals, which in many parts is falling into disuse, is here retained in fuU force.

Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 11

Wicker hurdles found preserved in Monaghan bogs

Monaghan · town · Monaghan

Wicker hurdles of very curious workmanship have been found in the bogs of Monaghan in a high state of preservation. They appear to have been carried by marauding parties for crossing the bog and left behind in the hurry of advance or retreat.

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third of very considerable dimensions, but now almost concealed by plantations, may be seen at Fort Singleton, near Eniyvale. Near Carrickmacross are the ruins of a Druidical temple, consisting of an oblong mound of earth inclosed by a circuit of large upright stones. Wicker hurdles of very curious workmanship have been found iu the bogs, in a high state of preservation ; they appear to have been carried thither by parties on a marauding expedition, for the purpose of crossing the bog, and, having been left behind in the hurry of advance or retreat, were gradually imbedded. A curious relic is preserved at Knockbuy, near the town of Monaghan ; it is called the " Balaghdthownagh," and consists of a bo,\, about the size of a thick folio volume, containing a crucifix and some relics. It is kept with the greatest veneration as a kind of heir-loom in the Bradley family, and is used as an attestation of innocence for imputed crimes which do not admit of the usual kind of evidence ; when let out on an occasion of this kind, valuable security is always required for its restoration. No county in Ireland has so few vestiges of monastic buildings. The abbey of Clones is the only one of which any remains exist : that of Monaghan is utterly destroyed, a castle having been erected on its site ; the wealthy abbey of Tyhallon is known only by name. The castle of Monaghan is noticed by Sir John Davies, in his account of the lord-deputy's tour through the county, as being then in a state of ruinous neglect. The ruins of the old mansion-house of Castle-Blayney are still standing, but are so close to the modern building as to injure the appearance of both : there are also the ruins of an old building in the same demesne, bearing, however, no resemblance to a religious structure ; the walls are very massive, but the ruins are so overgrown with trees as to render inspection very difficult. At Vicar's Dale, in Donaghmoyne, are the ruins of a castle ; and near Dawson Lodge, those of another, called Maghernacligh.

Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 162

Wicklow burned by the Irish, 1301

Wicklow · town · Wicklow · 1301–1375

In 1301 the town of Wicklow was burned by the Irish. The castle was subsequently put into a state of defence in 1375 by William Fitzwilliam, a descendant of early English settlers, whose family held the constableship for several generations.

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WICKLOW, a sea-port, assize, market, and post town, partly in the parish of Rathnew, barony of Newcastle, partly in the parish 4^ of Drumkey, but chiefly in s4^^^ that of KiLPOOLE, barony of Arklow, union of Rathdrum, county of Wicklow, and province of Leinster, 24 miles (S. S. E.) from Dublin, on the coast-road to Arklow; containing 2794 inhabitants. Its ancient name Wykinglo, or Wykinglogh, is derived from its situation at the southern extremity of a creek shut out from the sea by a long narrow peninsula called the Murragh. It is supposed to have been one of the maritime stations occupied by the Danes previously to the landing of the English in 1169, and to have been called by them Hlgginge Lough, " the Lake of Ships." Afterwards it formed part of the extensive possessions granted by Strongbow to Maurice Fitzgerald, who commenced the building of a castle here for the protection of his property, the execution of which was discontinued in consequence of his death in 1176. His sons were subsequently dispossessed of their inheritance by William Fitz-Aldelm, and compelled to accept in exchange for it the decayed and defenceless city of Ferns. In 1301 the town was burned by the Irish; but the castle was put into a state of defence, in 1375, by William Fitzwilliam, a descendant of one of the early English settlers, in whose family the constableship continued for several generations. From its vicinity to the Irish mountain septs it was a frequent subject of contention. In the early part of the 1 6th century it fell into the hands of the Byrnes, the chieftains of the northern part of the county, by whom the castle and town were surrendered to Henry VIII. in 1.t43. In 1641, Luke O'Toole invested the castle, but was forced to raise the siege on the approach of Sir Charles Coote, who sullied his victory by an unauthorised and indiscriminate slaughter of the inhabitants of the town.

Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 406

Wicklow castle and town surrendered to Henry VIII, 1543

Wicklow · town · Wicklow · 1500–1543

In the early 16th century Wicklow fell into the hands of the Byrnes, chieftains of the northern part of the county. The Byrnes surrendered the castle and town to Henry VIII in 1543.

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WICKLOW, a sea-port, assize, market, and post town, partly in the parish of Rathnew, barony of Newcastle, partly in the parish 4^ of Drumkey, but chiefly in s4^^^ that of KiLPOOLE, barony of Arklow, union of Rathdrum, county of Wicklow, and province of Leinster, 24 miles (S. S. E.) from Dublin, on the coast-road to Arklow; containing 2794 inhabitants. Its ancient name Wykinglo, or Wykinglogh, is derived from its situation at the southern extremity of a creek shut out from the sea by a long narrow peninsula called the Murragh. It is supposed to have been one of the maritime stations occupied by the Danes previously to the landing of the English in 1169, and to have been called by them Hlgginge Lough, " the Lake of Ships." Afterwards it formed part of the extensive possessions granted by Strongbow to Maurice Fitzgerald, who commenced the building of a castle here for the protection of his property, the execution of which was discontinued in consequence of his death in 1176. His sons were subsequently dispossessed of their inheritance by William Fitz-Aldelm, and compelled to accept in exchange for it the decayed and defenceless city of Ferns. In 1301 the town was burned by the Irish; but the castle was put into a state of defence, in 1375, by William Fitzwilliam, a descendant of one of the early English settlers, in whose family the constableship continued for several generations. From its vicinity to the Irish mountain septs it was a frequent subject of contention. In the early part of the 1 6th century it fell into the hands of the Byrnes, the chieftains of the northern part of the county, by whom the castle and town were surrendered to Henry VIII. in 1.t43. In 1641, Luke O'Toole invested the castle, but was forced to raise the siege on the approach of Sir Charles Coote, who sullied his victory by an unauthorised and indiscriminate slaughter of the inhabitants of the town.

Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 406

Wicklow erected as distinct county 1605

Wicklow · town · Wicklow · 1605

In 1605, during the reign of James I and the lieutenancy of Sir Arthur Chichester, the region was erected into a county distinct from Dublin under its present name of Wicklow, reducing it to comparative tranquility.

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this re(niest was cither neglLCted or refused. When the opponents of the English guvernnienl had acquired increased strength by fomenting religious dissensions, the celebrated Pheagh Mac Hugh Byrne, in the years 1577, 15/8, and 1580, in alliance with several disaffected lords, harassed the English pale ; and in the last-named year obtained a sanguinary victory over the lord-deputy's forces at Glendalough, whither they had penetrated with great diflicuity. In 1595, on a reverse of fortune, he made his sulimissiou at Dublin. In 1596, his sept was defeated by the British troops, after a sharp action ; and in the following year, Pheagh Mac Hugh fell in an engagement with the lord-deputy, Sir William Russell. His son Phelim Mac Pheagh was chosen in his place as chief of the Byrnes, and in 1600 made an humble submission to Queen Elizabeth, together with several other Irish toparchs. An expedition was undertaken against him, however, in the same year ; but the country was reduced to comparative tranquillity in 1605, in the reign of James I., and during the lieutenancy of Sir Arthur Chichester, by being erected into a county distinct from that of Dublin, under its present name. The Byrnes, in the wars of 1641, united with their neighbours of the same party in the counties of Wexford and Carlow, and extended their ravages to the very walls of Dublin. Notwithstanding the cruelties exercised by Sir Charles Coote in his expedition against them, they maintained their cause until Cromwell, after the siege of Drogheda, marched triumphantly through the county, and reduced every town and fort in it ; thus terminating the war in this quarter. In the disturbances of 179^J the county was the scene of many acts of violence, and in the southern part of it several severe conflicts took ])lace. Even after their general suppression, bands of insurgents found a refuge in its mountain recesses, and hence committed extensive depredations, which a large military force was unable to repress. Government at length entered into composition with the principal leaders, in order to restore tranquillity to the country ; cut roads through the wildest districts ; and erected barracks at different places ia them ; which effected the object proposed, and also tended much to improve the country by facilitating the means of communication through a district previously almost impassable.

Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 404

Wicklow Head lighthouses and caverns

near Wicklow Head · promontory · Wicklow

Two fixed lighthouses were erected on Wicklow Head, a high promontory about a mile south of the town. The higher lantern stands 250 feet above high water and is visible at 21 nautical miles; beneath the Head are wave-cut caverns where seals shelter.

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In the excise arrangements the town is within the district of Naas. The market is held on Saturday, for butchers'- meat, poultry, and vegetables, which are exposed for sale in the market-house and the shambles : there are no regular markets for corn, that article being delivered at the merchants' stores on any day of the week. The fairs are on March '2Sth, May '24th, Aug. VZth, and Nov. ?.5th. The trade is confined to the exportation of grain, and of copper and lead ore, of which 400 tons from the neighbouring mines are shipped weekly ; and to the importation of coal, culm, limestone, timber, and iron. The gross estimated value of the exports in a recent year was 3686,.566, of which £'23,491 were for corn, and £63,0*5 for copper-ore : the gross value of the imports in the same year was £l.'j,67 1, of which £6'20'2 were for coal, &c., £4168, iron an(l other metals, ike, £948, tea, &c., and the remainder various other articles. The estuary of the Vartrey, which forms the harbour, is accessible only to vessels of small burthen, in consequence of a bar at its entrance, on which there are only eight feet of water at spring and not more than four or five at neap tides ; but vessels may ride in the bay, in three or four fathoms of water, during the prevalence of westerly winds. Some attempts were made, about the year I76O, to diminish the obstruction, when sums to the amount of £800 were granted by parliament, but did not produce any beneficial result. In 183.5 an application was made to the Irish government by the merchants and traders of the port, pointing out the advantages of having a large and secure harbour formed here ; which was not acceded to, in consequence of the expense that must have been incurred, as, according to the reports of scientific men, the construction of such a harbour would require an outlay of £80,000. In the same year the number of vessels belonging to the port was 20, varying in burthen from 3.5 to 100 tons ; and about 30 small craft. Two lighthouses have been erected on Wicklow Head, a promontory of considerable height boldly projecting into the sea, about a mile to the south of the town. The lantern of one of these lighthouses is 2.50 feet above high-water mark, and is visible in clear weather at a distance of '21 nautical miles ; the other, 540 feet distant, is but 1'21 feet above the same level, and spreads its light only to 16 miles distance : both are fixed lights. Under the Head are several caverns, scooped out by the incessant working of the waves, and in which seals frequently take shelter. A coast-guard is fixed here, being one of the eight stations which constitute the district of Glynn.

Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 406

Wicklow's ancient name and Danish origin

Wicklow · town · Wicklow

Wicklow's ancient name Wykinglo or Wykinglogh derives from its position at the southern end of a creek sheltered by the Murragh peninsula. It is believed to have been a Danish maritime station before the English landing of 1169, called by them Hlgginge Lough, meaning 'the Lake of Ships.'

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WICKLOW, a sea-port, assize, market, and post town, partly in the parish of Rathnew, barony of Newcastle, partly in the parish 4^ of Drumkey, but chiefly in s4^^^ that of KiLPOOLE, barony of Arklow, union of Rathdrum, county of Wicklow, and province of Leinster, 24 miles (S. S. E.) from Dublin, on the coast-road to Arklow; containing 2794 inhabitants. Its ancient name Wykinglo, or Wykinglogh, is derived from its situation at the southern extremity of a creek shut out from the sea by a long narrow peninsula called the Murragh. It is supposed to have been one of the maritime stations occupied by the Danes previously to the landing of the English in 1169, and to have been called by them Hlgginge Lough, " the Lake of Ships." Afterwards it formed part of the extensive possessions granted by Strongbow to Maurice Fitzgerald, who commenced the building of a castle here for the protection of his property, the execution of which was discontinued in consequence of his death in 1176. His sons were subsequently dispossessed of their inheritance by William Fitz-Aldelm, and compelled to accept in exchange for it the decayed and defenceless city of Ferns. In 1301 the town was burned by the Irish; but the castle was put into a state of defence, in 1375, by William Fitzwilliam, a descendant of one of the early English settlers, in whose family the constableship continued for several generations. From its vicinity to the Irish mountain septs it was a frequent subject of contention. In the early part of the 1 6th century it fell into the hands of the Byrnes, the chieftains of the northern part of the county, by whom the castle and town were surrendered to Henry VIII. in 1.t43. In 1641, Luke O'Toole invested the castle, but was forced to raise the siege on the approach of Sir Charles Coote, who sullied his victory by an unauthorised and indiscriminate slaughter of the inhabitants of the town.

Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 406

Wicklow town houses county court-house and gaol

Wicklow · town · Wicklow

The county court-house and county gaol are located at Wicklow town, which also serves as the venue for assizes and general sessions. The town functions as the principal administrative centre of the county.

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county at large to the Imperial Parliament have been its sole representatives. The constituency, as registered inlS41,was 1503, of whom 339 were £oO, 10'2 £'20, and S56 £10, freeholders; 1 £50, 40 £'20, and 105 £ 10, leaseholders ; and 7 £30, and 53 £20, rent-chargers : the election takes place at Wicklow. The county is included in the Leinster circuit ; the assizes are held at Wicklow, and general- sessions are held there and at Baltinglass. The county court-house and county gaol are at Wicklow, and a district bridewell is maintained at Baltinglass. The local government is vested in a lieutenant, 17 deputy-lieutenants, and 71 other magistrates ; besides whom are the usual county officers, including 5 coroners. There are 24 constabulary police stations, having in the whole a force of a county inspector, 5 sub-inspectors, 6 head-constables, 28 constables, and 171 sub-constables, with 7 horses; the expense of whose maintenance in 1842, was £10,004. The District Lunatic Asylum is in the city of Dublin : there are infirmaries, with dispensaries attached, at "Wicklow and Baltinglass ; fever hospitals with dispensaries at Arklow, Bray, Newtown-Mount-Kennedy, Stratford-on-Slaney, and Enniskerry ; and dispensaries at Kiltegan, Rathdrum, Blessington, Carnew, Coollattin, Tinahely, Dunlavan, Delgany, Dunganstown, and Redcross. The grand jury presentments for 1844 were £26,380. In the military arrangements the county is included in the Dublin district ; it contained several barrack stations for infantry, which have been converted to the use of the constabulary force and other purposes, except that at Baltinglass, which is still occupied as a military barrack, and contains accommodation for one officer and about 25 non-commissioned officers and privates.

Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 404

Widows' Apartments at Waterford Cathedral

Waterford · city · Waterford · 1702

A neat range of houses facing the grand entrance of Waterford's cathedral church was founded by Bishop Hugh Gore for clergymen's widows and erected in 1702 by Sir John Mason. Gore bequeathed £1,200 for building an asylum and purchasing lands for the maintenance of ten poor clergymen's widows, assigning each £10 per annum.

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A neat range of houses with two returns, facing the grand entrance of the cathedral church, and called the Hldous' Apartments, was, according to the inscription on a marble tablet over the central house, founded by Bishop Hugh Gore, for the use of clergymen's widows, and erected, in 1702, by Sir John Mason, Knt., surviving executor of his lordship. By his will, £1'200 were bequeathed for building an asylum and purchasing lands for the maintenance of ten poor clergymen's widows, to each of whom he assigned £10 per annum. Connected with the meeting-house of the Society of Friends is a house of refuge for aged and reduced members of that body. An Hospital was founded about the year 121 1 or 1<212, by King John, who incorporated it under the designation of the Master, Brethren, and Sisters of the Leper-house of St. Stephen, and granted the society a common seal. He endowed it with the house and several other buildings in St. Stephen's parish, and the oblations and offerings of that parish, with lands at Poleberry without St. John's gate, and with the lands of Leperstown, in the barony of Gualtier, containing 500 plantation acres ; also with the tithes of Carrigbrahan. The Poers, lords of C«irraghmore, endowed an hospital adjoining the leper-house, which circumstance has led to an erroneous opinion that the Poers were either the original founders of the leper-house of St. Stephen, or that they endowed at least one ward in the establishment. In the middle of the last century, when leprosy had become of very rare occurrence, the corporation shut up the house ; but legal proceedings being instituted against them by the Rev. Dr. Downes, a decree was obtained for appropriating the funds of the charity to the relief of the sick and maimed ' poor. Under this decree, an infirmary was built for the reception of ,50 indigent patients ; and the funds afterwards increasing, a magnificent hospital was erected in the suburbs, capable of receiving more than 400 patients : the average number, however, seldom e.\ceeds 40. The government is vested in a master, appointed by the corporation ; and the medical attendants, housekeeper, and inferior servants are appointed by the master, subject to the approval of the corporation. The rent-roll of the estates is about £1300, but the actual receipts are only about £1000 per annum ; and the expenditure, including the salaries of physician, surgeon, and others, nearly approaches that sum.

Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 388

William Brownlow, native of Shankill parish

near Lurgan · town · Armagh

The Right Hon. William Brownlow, ancestor of the present proprietor of Shankill parish, was a native of the place and served as a distinguished member of the Irish House of Commons for more than thirty years until the Union.

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The living is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of Dromore, and in the patronage of the Bishop : the tithe rent-charge is £158. '2. The glebe-house, a handsome edifice, was built in IS'^I, at an expense of £1384. 1<2., of which £9'2. 6. were a gift and £969. 14. a loan from the late Board of First Fruits ; the glebe comprises I7O statute acres, valued at £325 per annum. The church, situated in the town of Lurgan, a Grecian edifice with a lofty tower and octagonal spire, was built in \7Vi, and enlarged and repaired in 18'28, when the late Board of First Fruits granted a loan of £800, and the Right Hon. C. Brownlow gave £100; it has been further repaired by a grant of £'2S'2 from the Ecclesiastical Commissioners : the congregation averages 6OO. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish is the head of a district, comprising also parts of the parishes of Donaghcloney and Maralin : the chapel, a handsome edifice in the later English style, is situated in the town. There are places of worship for Presbyterians in connexion with the General Assembly, for the Society of Friends, and for AVesleyan and other Methodists. A mendicity Society and a voluntary poor fund have been established, towards the support of which Lord Lurgan contributes annually £100 ; and there are various other charities for the relief of the poor, to which his lordship also contributes. The Right Hon. William Brownlow, ancestor of the present proprietor, and for more than 30 years a distinguished member of the Irish House of Commons till the Union, was a native of this place.

Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 276

William de Scurlog's Castle and Church Ruins

Scurlockstown · street · Meath · 1180

The parish of Scurlockstown takes its name from William de Scurlog, who built a castle here around 1180. The ruins include a massive square keep with circular corner towers, along with fragments of an ancient church featuring two rude circular arches.

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SCURLOGSTOWN, or Scurlockstown, a parish, in the union of Trim, barony of Lower Deece, county of Meath, and province of Leinster, 1^ mile (E. S. E.) from Trim, on the road to Dublin, and on the river Boyne ; containing 389 inhabitants. This place derives its name from William de Scurlog, who erected a castle here about 1180: the ruins exhibit a square keep of large proportions and massive strength, with circular towers at the angles, and a few apertures for the admission of light. The parish comprises '35895 statute acres, chiefly arable. It is a curacy, in the diocese of Meath, forming part of the ecclesiastical union of Trim ; the re(tory is impropriate in Joseph Ashe, Esq., and the tithe rent-charge is £119. •'i., of which £101. 5. are payable to the impropriator, and the remainder to the curate. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish is part of the district of Dunsany and Kilmessan. There are fragments of an ancient church, consisting of two rude circular arches.
SCURLOGSTOWN, a village, in the parish of BuRRY, barony of Upper Kells, county of Meath, and province of Leinster, 2^ miles (S. W.) from Kells, on the road to Clonniellon ; containing about 32 houses and ISl inhabitants.

Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 273

William III lodged at Rossenarre on march to Limerick

Rossenarra · townland · Kilkenny

King William III spent a night at Rossenarre during his journey to Limerick, linking the house to the Williamite campaign in Ireland.

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KILjMOGANNY, a parish, in the union of Callan, barony of Kells, county of Kilkenny, and province of Leinster, 5 miles (S. W.) from Knocktopher, and on the road from Kilkenny to Carrick-on-Suir ; containing 2635 inhabitants, of whom 593 are in the village. During the parliamentary war, a party of Cromwell's troops had a skirmish here with the Walsh party, of Castlehall, which they defeated : William HI. passed a night at Rossenarre, on his way to Limerick. The parish comprises 7454| statute acres, including about 500 acres of woodland and a large tract of mountain : it contains slate, limestone, freestone, and flagstone; also a mill. A patent for two fairs exists, but they are not much frequented. Rossenarre, the residence of W. Morris Reade, Esq., is an elegant seat in a demesne of 600 acres, about 200 of which are planted. The village consists of 105 houses, generally handsome and well built, and has lately been much improved; contains a receiving-house for letters under Kilkenny ; is a constabulary police station ; and has petty-sessions, and a fever hospital and dispensary : near it is a large nursery of forest-trees. The living is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of Ossory, united to the rectories and vicarages of Aughaviller and Kilkeasy, and in the patronage of the Bishop ; net income, £320. There is a glebehouse, for the erection of which the Board of First Fruits, in 1S22, gave £450 and lent £50 : the glebe comprises 5| acres. The church, which is a handsome structure, was built in 1831, by a loan of £750 from the same Board. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish forms part of the district of Donamagan, and has a chapel. There is a school in connexion with the Church Education Society. Remains of castellated residences of the Walsh family still exist at Castlehill, Clone, and Kerehill ; there are also some chalybeate springs.
K I L— M ()

Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 46

William III's first siege of Limerick (1690)

Limerick · city · Limerick · 1690

King William invested Limerick at the head of 20,000 veterans, but the siege was rendered harassing by the town's fortifications, the Irish army under Boiseleau and the Duke of Berwick, and Sarsfield's destruction of the English battering train. After a desperate four-hour contest in which the besiegers lost 1,700 men, William was compelled to raise the siege and withdraw towards Clonmel.

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The accession of James II. caused an alteration in the religious ascendancy of the corporation ; and after the battle of the Boyne, the Earl of Tyrconnel established his viceregal court in the city. Soon after this, it was invested by King William in person, at the head of '20,000 veterans. The siege, undertaken at a late period of the season, was rendered particularly harassing by the formidable obstacles opposed to the besiegers by the fortifications and natural defences of the town, the abundance of its munitions of war, and the circumstance of the flower of the Irish army being assembled in and around it, under General Boiseleau, the Duke of Berwick, and other distinguished leaders, who were enabled to obtain supplies of every kind from Connaught, and by sea, where the French fleet rode undisturbed. The operations of the English army were also greatly cheeked by the loss of its battering train, which had been intercepted and destroyed by General Sarsfield, in a gallant attack, within twelve miles of William's camp. A breach having been at length effected, the besiegers thrice penetrated into the town, and as often were beaten back, until, after a desperate contest of four hours, in which they lost I7OO men, they were obliged to retire ; William himself being compelled to raise the siege, and withdraw towards Clonmel. In the August following, William's army, now commanded by General de Ginkell, again invested the town ; and the garrison having been abundantly supplied, and in expectation of succour from France, the siege was protracted and sanguinary. One of the most serious conflicts at this period was that in which 600 Irish were slain, 1.50 drowned, and above 100 taken prisoners, in the defence of Thomond-bridge, the gates having been closed upon them too speedily, by which their retreat was cut off. Operations were at length terminated by the celebrated treaty of Limerick, ratified on Oct. 1st, and said to have been signed on a large stone near Thomond-bridge, within sight of both armies. Two days after, the French fleet arrived on the coast, and on the 14th entered the Shannon, with a reinforcement of troops and 30,000 stand of arms and ammunition. Both parties now made strenuous exertions to retain the Irish soldiers in their service : 3000 were prevailed upon to enter into that of the victorious monarch ; but the remainder, amounting to upwards of 19,000 men, embarked for France, and formed the foundation of the Irish brigade, afterwards so celebrated in the wars of Europe.

Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 77

William's forces burn Tralee in 1691

Tralee · town · Kerry · 1691

In 1691, a detachment of William's army under Brigadier Levison subdued the region and burned the town of Tralee, despite opposition from the local Irish inhabitants.

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cost more men to reduce it than half Ireland, for the county is full of fastnesses and plenty of provision. The greatest advantage may be made of its harbourn, that are for all winds, and near which all ships from the western seas must pass, and if in possession of the French might destroy more merchants of England than out of any parts in France or Ireland." In I69I, a detachment of William's army under Brigadier Levison completely subdued the country, although the Irish inhabitants every where rose to oppose them ; and burned Tralee. About 1710, the southern coast was greatly harassed by French privateers, to check whose inroads a redoubt was ordered by parliament to be erected on Valencia Island.

Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 7

Williamstown bathing village on Dublin Bay

Williamstown · townland · Dublin

Williamstown is a village in the parish of Booterstown situated on the southern shore of Dublin Bay, much frequented in summer as a bathing-place for its fine smooth sandy beach and baths. Several neat villas embrace a fine prospect of the bay.

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WILLIAMSTOWN, a village, in the parish of BooTERSTOWN, partly in the barony of Dublin, but chiefly in the barony of Rathdown, county of Dublin, and province of Leinster, 3^ miles (S. E.) from Dublin, on the road to Kingstown and Bray; containing 575 inhabitants. This village is situated upon the southern shore of the bay of Dublin, close to the Kingstown railway, with which it communicates for the purpose of taking up or setting down passengers. It is much frequented in the summer months as a bathing-place, from its fine, smooth, sandy beach, and its baths. Here is a station of the metropolitan police ; the post has three deliveries daily from the city, and a constant communication is kept up with Kingstown. In the immediate vicinity are several neat villas, which embrace a fine prospect of the bay : the principal are Ruby Lodge, Belleview, Seafort Lodge, Caroline Lodge, Wcstfield, and Williamstown Castle. Here are two eminent boarding schools, Castledawson and Seafort.

Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 407

Wingfield Stratford's improvements in Shanagolden

Shanagolden · town · Limerick · 1834–1837

Following the death of Lady Clonbrock, a large property in the parish of Shanagolden, as well as in Robertstown and Loughill, passed to Colonel Wingfield Stratford. He actively improved his tenantry by enabling them to build slated houses and assisting them in reclaiming land, resulting in over 36 good slated houses built within three years.

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SHANAGOLDEN, a post-town and parish, in the Shanid division of the barony of Lower Connello, county of Limerick, and province of Munster, 18 miles (W.) from Limerick, and 116 (W. S. \V.) from Dublin, on the road from Rathkeale to Listowel ; containing, in 1841, '2716 inhabitants, of whom 548 were in the town, the popiilation of v\hich has since that time considerably increased. The parish comprises 4'233 statute acres : about two-thirds are under cultivation, producing abundant crops of corn, potatoes, and clover, the rest of the area being rough pasture ; the land is remarkably fertile near the town, and in some places is tolerably well cultivated. The town consists of a long irregular street, comprising 96 houses, of which three only are slated, the remainder being thatched, and all are small and ill-built. It has a sub-post office in connexion with Rathkeale and Tarbert, and is a constabulary police station ; petty- sessions are held on alternate Wednesdays ; aud fairs take place on the Wednesday after Trinity-Sunday, and on Sept. 4th, chiefly for cattle and pigs. A new line of road from the town joins the mail-road on the banks of the Shannon, at Robertstown, opening a ready communication with the county of Kerry. The substratum in and around the town is limestone, of which blocks of a very large size are procured for cutting into gate-posts, pillars, slabs, &c., but are all sent away, as no attempt has been made to cut or work them on the spot. Black and grey marble of very superior quality are extensively found throughout the lower part of the parish, but are only worked for repairing the roads, or fencing the fields. The town and the surrounding lands are principally the property of Lord INIonteagle, whose seat is about three miles distant. By the death of the late Lady Clonbrock, a large property in this parish, and in the parishes of Robertstown and Loughill, devolved to the Hon. Colonel Wingfield Stratford, who is doing much for the improvement of his tenantry, enabling them to build slated houses, and assisting them to reclaim their land : an agriculturist resides on the property, to instruct them in the best method of draining, raising green crops, &c. ; and within the last three years, more than 36 good slated houses have been built. Close adjoining the town is Shanagolden House, the elegant residence of the Rev. G. Vincent ; the glebe-house, more than a mile distant from the church, is at present occupied by the curate.

Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 276

Women and children gather combustible material near Cahir for fuel

Caher · town · Tipperary

In the neighbourhood of Cahir, where fuel was scarce due to uneven bog distribution, women and children were chiefly employed in collecting everything of a combustible nature from the ditches and roads. This reflects the poverty of the peasantry in fuel-deficient parts of Tipperary.

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so unequally distributed that the peasantry ia many parts suffer much from the want of fuel ; in the neighbourhood of Cahir, the women and children are chiefly employed in collecting every thing of a combustible nature from the ditches and roads. In 1786, one of the smaller bogs of the county overflowed, and submerged some lands in its progress to the Suir at Ballygriffin.
The MINERAL PRODUCTIONS are various and important. The plain country forms part of the great limestone field of Ireland. The Roscrea and Devil's-Bit mountains, which are a continuation of the Slieve-Bloom chain, consist of sandstone in mass, whose covering every where assumes the form of conglomerate. The Keeper and Bilboa mountains, in which this range terminates, consist of a nucleus of clay-slate surrounded by sandstone, except on the north, near the village of Silvermines, where the clay-slate comes immediately in contact with the limestone of the flat district, extending nearly to Lough Derg : the surrounding sandstone in some parts forms a red coarse conglomerate similar to that of Lyons and Donabate, near Dublin, and is quarried for mill-stones. The Galtees, with the subordinate ridge of Slieve-na-muck, consist wholly of sandstone, the upper part of which forms strata from one to two feet thick, gradually curving in the form of the summit: the sandstone of Slieve-na-muck is in horizontal strata, which yield excellent flags. The Knockmeledoicn and MonavuUagh mountains, ranging along the southern boundary of the county, are likewise composed of clayslate, with sandstone at the base and horizontal strata of the same formation on their summits. The Siievena-inan group is of analogous structure, consisting of a nucleus of clay-slate surrounded and surmounted by sandstone, which is connected with the sandstone-hills stretching by Nine-mile-house towards Carrickon-Suir and Thomastown. The clay-slate to the east of Slievena-man, extending towards Kilmoganny, yields good slates, particularly in the quarries of Inchinagloch, or the Ormond quarries.

Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 340

Wooden bridge and ship-building at Ferrybank

Ferrybank · electoral division · Waterford

Gaultier is connected to the main portion of Waterford city by a wooden bridge over the Suir from Ferrybank. Near the bridge stood a large ship-building establishment.

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Gaultier, union and county of Waterford, and province of MuNSTER, li mile (E. N. E.) from Waterford ; containing 1515 inhabitants. It comprises 'i'^SS statute acres, of which about 7'29 are in tillage, and I'ipS in pasture ; and was originally part of the county of Kilkenny, but by grant of Charles I. was transferred to Waterford, with the main portion of which city it is connected by a wooden-bridge over the Suir from Ferry bank. Near the bridge is a large ship-building establishment. The principal seats are, New Park, the residence of the Rev. Sir John Newport, Bart. ; Belmont House, of Sir H. Winston Barron, Bart. ; Killaspy ; Rockshire ; and Sion Lodge. The parish is in the diocese of Ossory ; the rectory is impropriate in the corporation of Waterford, and the vicarage has been united from time immemorial to the rectory of Muckalee. The tithe rentcharge is £S2. 10., of which £48. 15. are payable to the impropriators, and the remainder to the vicar. The church was built in 18'2.'5, by aid of a loan of £900 from the late Board of First Fruits, and has been repaired by a grant of £300 from the Ecclesiastical Commissioners. There is neither glebe nor glebe-house. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish forms part of the district of Slieruagh, and contains a chapel. In 1151,Dermot Mac Murrough, King of Leinster, founded a nunnery here as a cell to that of St. Mary de Hogges, near Dublin, and it was afterwards richly endowed by King John and David Fitz-Milo : it was sometimes called the Nunnery De Bello Portu, and at the Dissolution was granted to the corporation of Waterford.

Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 18

Woodfield demesne, seat of Lord Farnham

Woodfield · street · Wexford

Woodfield, the seat of Lord Farnham, is a handsome mansion situated in a richly wooded demesne extending into the parishes of Barragh and Clonegal. The grounds are tastefully disposed with verdant lawns sloping to the river.

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fuel. On the banks of the Slaney is found pebblelimestone, which is burnt for manure by the proprietors of the adjacent lands ; and a marl-pit has been discovered on the estate of Rylands, which is the only one in the neighbourhood. Limestone and culm for the whole of this district are brought, at a very great expense, from the county of Carlow, between which and Enniscorthy a communication might easily be made by a railroad along the bank of the river Slaney, which from Enniscorthy to this place preserves a continued level, eminently adapted to the purpose. The expense would be very inconsiderable, when compared with the advantages resulting from it to so wide a district, and might be defrayed by the freight of limestone and culm alone, independently of the remuneration that might arise from the facility of conveyance it would afford for the produce of the extensive quarries in the neighbourhood. Slate of excellent quality, building-stone, and granite abound in the immediate vicinity. The principal slatequarries are at Drumcree and Glaslacken, the former the property of Lord Farnham, now under lease to Captain Browne, and the latter the property of A. Colclough, Esq. : these quarries formerly were very extensively worked, and the slate in great estimation ; but since the introduction of Welsh slate, the demand has considerably diminished. The granite is found in loose masses on the declivities of both banks of the river Clody, and some of the best quality is found in the deer-park of Carrigduff, adjoining the W^oodfield demesne ; the quarries of building- stone are very extensively worked. Coal is supposed to exist in the townland of Ryland, the property of Lord Farnham ; but it has not yet been sought for. In the town is a mansion, the residence of the late Lord Farnham before he succeeded to the title; the gardens are laid out with great taste, and stocked with many varieties of choice plants. In the vicinity, but principally in the parish of Kilrush, is Woodfield, the seat of Lord Farnham, a handsome mansion beautifully situated in a richly wooded demesne extending into the parishes of Barragh and Clonegal ; the grounds are tastefully disposed, and embellished with verdant lawns sloping to the margin of the river. The other seats are Weston Cottage and Rylandville. The inhabitants are chiefly employed in agriculture, and in the stone and slate quarries ; and near the town is an extensive flour- mill.

Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 213

Woodfort hill with turret overlooking Blackwater

Woodfort · electoral division · Cork

The grounds of Woodfort contain a thickly planted conical hill with a turret on its summit, commanding a fine view of the rivers Blackwater and Clydagh, the town of Mallow, and numerous seats in the vicinity.

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KILSHANIG, or Kilshanick, a parish, in the union of Mallow, barony of Du hallow, county of Cork, and province of Munster, 3 miles (S. W.) from Mallow, on the road to Millstreet ; containing 934.S inhabitants. This parish, which is also called Glauntane, is situated on the southern side of the river Blackwater, and is partly bounded on the east by the Clydagh, and on the south-west by the Bogra moors. It comprises 27,595 statute acres ; about two-fifths are under tillage, and the remainder, with the exception of about 1290 acres of common and 260 of woodland, is mountain pasture and bog. The system of agriculture is gradually improving ; limestone is found on the lands of Newberry, but not in sufficient quantity for the supply of this extensive parish, the deficiency being made up from quarries near Mallow. The principal seats are, Dromore House, occupying a commanding situation in an extensive and richly wooded demesne, and forming a conspicuous feature in the landscape ; Danesfort ; Millfort ; Woodfort, in the grounds of which is a thickly planted conical hill with a turret on its summit, commanding a fine view of the rivers Blackwater and Clydagh, the town of Mallow, and the numerous seats in the vicinity; Clydagh; Clydaghville ; Lombardstown ; Allworth ; Upper Dromore j Bettesborough ; and Newberry House. At Millfort, Lombardstown, and Gortroe, are some small flour-mills. A court for the manor of Newberry is occasionally held at Scarra, for the recovery of debts not exceeding 40s. late currency ; and there is a constabulary police station.
The living is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of Cloyne, and in the patronage of the Bishop : the tithe rent-charge is £553. IT., and the glebj comprises about 4^ acres ; there is no glebe-house. The church, built in 1719, is a plain neat edifice with a square tower, originally surmounted by a spire, which was taken down in 1815. The Roman Catholic parish is co-extensive with that of the Established Church : the chapel of Glaun- 171

Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 56

Woodhouse, ancient Geraldine seat

Stradbally · town · Waterford · 1742

Woodhouse near Stradbally, Waterford, was anciently called Torc-Raith or Tar-Cora and was the residence of a branch of the Geraldines. In 1742 the proprietor's ancestor obtained a premium for planting 152,640 trees that flourished remarkably near the sea.

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STRADBALLY, a maritime parish, in the union of DuNGARVAN, barony of DECiES-without-DRUM, county of Waterkord, and province of Munster, 7 miles (a. by W.) from Kilmacthoinas ; on the coach-road from Waterford to Cork, and on the river Tay; containing 4419 inhabitants, of whom 814 are in the village. The parish comprises 10,917 statute acres, of which 150 are waste land. The village consists of one long street, with smaller ones diverging from it ; the houses are well built, and command fine marine views : it is a place of some resort during the bathing-season, but the accommodations are inconsiderable. Petty sessions are held once a fortnight ; and it is a constabulary police station. Here was formerly a productive salmon-fishery, which has totally declined. A new road from Stradbally to Kilmacthomas, shortening the distance one mile, has been lately made. South-west of the village, on a very steep cliff, a signal station-house was erected by the government during the late war ; it is now a private residence : the sea view is of almost boundless extent, and the cliff on which the house stands is nearly perpendicular, measuring 370 feet from the summit. Near the shore is Woodhouse, a large and well built mansion, situated in a beautiful valley through which the river Tay winds its course ; the proprietor's ancestor, in 1742, obtained a premium for having planted here no fewer than 152,640 trees, which form a noble wood, having flourished remarkably, though so near the sea. Woodhouse was anciently called Torc-Raith, or Tar-Cora, and was the residence of a branch of the Geraldines. The other seats are Fahagh, Glenview, and Carrickbarron.

Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 301

Wood Island shell beds above sea level in Strangford Lough

near Wood Island · townland · Down

Wood Island in the parish of Tullynakill contains 16 acres and has large beds of shells from 50 to 60 feet above sea level, converted into excellent lime by burning. It is one of the inhabited islands of Strangford Lough.

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The lough of Strangford, formerly called Lough Coyne, extends from Killard Point to Newtown, a distance of about 17 miles, from north to south ; in some parts it is five and in others three miles in breadth, and at its entrance not quite one. It contains a vast number of islands and rocks. Six of the islands are inhabited ; namely. Castle Island, in the parish of Saul, containing lis acres of land under cultivation, and on which are the ruins of a castle ; Rea Island, in the parish of Tullynakill, containing 103 acres, occupied by a farmer; Wood Island, also in the parish of TuUynakill, containing 16 acres, and on which are large beds of shells, from 50 to 60 feet above the level of the sea, that are converted into excellent lime by burning ; Tagart Island, in the parish of Killyleagh ; Islandbawn, in the parish of Killinchy, containing 30 acres of land ; and Maghea Island, in the parish of TuUynakill, containing 137 acres of land. This last has a small quay, to which brigs can come up ; and on it are the ruins of a castle, formerly the summer residence of the Knox family. Strangford lough is a safe and deep harbour, admitting vessels of the largest draught ; but, owing to the great rapidity of the tides, and to the rocks near its entrance, on which the sea breaks violently, it is not prudent for a strange vessel to attempt to enter. There are two passages to it, divided by a reef nearly in the centre of the channel

Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 301

Woodlawn mausoleum for Trench's twenty-one children

Woodlawn · townland · Galway

At Woodlawn, seat of J. Trench, Esq. in Killane parish, a mausoleum was erected by the late F. Trench, Esq., containing a separate vault for each of his twenty-one children.

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KILLANE, orKiLLiANE, also called Killoebhain, a parish, in the union of Ballinasloe, partly in the barony of Loughrea, but chiefly in the barony of Kilconnell, county of Galway, and province of Connaught, 9 miles (W. by S.) from Ballinasloe, and on the road from Kilconnell to Ballymacward ; containing 1318 inhabitants. It comprises 7866 statute acres, and contains Woodlawn, the seat of J. Trench, Esq., where a mausoleum was erected by the late F. Trench, Esq., for his 21 children, for each of whom there is a separate vault. Killane is a vicarage, in the diocese of Clonfert, forming part of the union of Kilconnell ; the rectory is appropriate to the see, the sacristan of Clonfert, the vicars-choral of Christ Church, Dublin, and the vicarage. The tithe rent-charge is £112. 11., of which £51. 5. are payable to the incumbent. In the Roman Catholic divisions Killane is the head of a district, called New Inn, which includes this parish and Bullane ; in each is a chapel. About 150 children are educated in a public school, to which Lord Ashtown contributes £26 per annum.
KILLANEAR, or Kilnanare, a parish, in the union of Killarney, barony of Magonihy, county of Kerry, and province of Munster, 3 miles (E. N. E.) from Milltown ; on the river Maine, and on the old postroad from Tralee to Killarney ; containing 1745 inhabit-

Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 33

Woods around the base of Croagh Patrick

near Croagh Patrick · mountain or mountain range · Mayo

The most remarkable surviving range of woods in County Mayo lies around the base of Croagh Patrick mountain, following the windings of the Brackloon river. Natural oaks also grow on the hills of the Barnagee mountains.

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So late as 16/5, the county was well wooded, and had three extensive forests, at Barnagee, Cappough, and Liscullen ; but even the vestiges of these have been swept away, and the last extensive wood of the county, that of Glanmurra, on the shores of Killery bay, was felled in the winters of 17*8 and 1/79. Natural oaks grow on all the hills in the Barnagee mountains, and are kept down only by the browsing of the cattle. It has also been ascertained that bogs, of an altitude too great to admit of profitable cultivation, are capable of producing timber by planting and fencing. The most remarkable range of woods at present is round the base of Croagh Patrick mountain, following the windings of the Brackloon river. The Marquess of Sligo has planted to a large extent, and with great prospect of remuneration.
MAYO

Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 146

Woods of Carton and Palmerstown with fine timber

Carton House · site · Kildare

The woods of Carton and Palmerstown are noted as extensive with remarkably fine timber, part of the broader tradition of successful planting in Kildare's demesnes.

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In those parts which have not been subjected to tillage are very rich fattening grounds ; but where the soil has been much exhausted by the plough, the pasture is poor and light. The grasses in the meadows and feeding pastures are of the most valuable kinds ; in low bottoms, especially in those subject to floods, Timothy grass is the principal herbage. Dairies of any extent are not frequent, except in parts convenient to the Dublin market, where they are kept for the purpose of fattening calves. Great improvement has been made in the breed of cattle, the old long-horned Irish cow being now rarely seen. The most esteemed are the short-horned or Dutch breed, crossed with the Durham ; some of the gentry and wealthy farmers have introduced the pure Durham breed, which commands large prices ; others have the North Devon, which also answers remarkably well. The small farmers mostly prefer the old Irish long-horned cow, crossed with the Durham ; and in some districts scarce any other is seen : in the northern baronies, bordering on Meath, the large and heavy long-horned cattle are very common, and grow to a size equal to those of Meath or Westmeath. Great numbers of cattle are brought from other counties, and fed here for the Dublin market. Much improvement has been made in the breed of sheep, and vast flocks are every year reared on the Curragh : the prevailing breed is a cross between the New- Leicester and the Ayrshire, but many of the principal agriculturists have the pure New Leicester ; sometimes they are crossed with the Kerry sheep. The lower class of farmers have brood mares as part of their tillage stock, but they do not pay sufficient attention to the breed of the sires, and are too desirous of crossing with racers. Planting has been carried on for many years extensively and successfully. Many of the demesnes are ornamented with full-grown timber. The timber-sallow thrives particularly well in the wet grounds with which the county abounds ; beech and larch are also of very quick growth. In the demesne of Moore Abbey is one of the best-planted hills in Ireland ; and the woods of Carton and Palmerstown are extensive, and the timber remarkably fine. In draining the bogs, remains of ancient forests have been discovered.

Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 20

Woollen cloth manufacture at Carrickmacross

Carrickmacross · town · Monaghan

A very good description of woollen cloth was manufactured in considerable quantities at Carrickmacross. Promising lead veins could also be traced in the limestone near the town, and extensive coal beds were found nearby.

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The linen manufacture was established here at a very early period, and several towns and villages owe their origin to this branch of national industry. Both spinning and weaving declined considerably until the last few years, within which period the trade has revived. A large linen factory was lately built at Glaslough, and great quantities are made and bleached in various parts : the yarn is spun by the women. A very good description of woollen cloth is manufactured in considerable quantities at Carrickmacross ; and at Stouebridge and Emyvale are iron-mills, which are chiefly employed in the manufacture of agricultural implements. Tanning is extensively carried on at Glaslough and Gastle- Blayney.
The county has within it no stream deserving the name of river. The Blackwater, which bounds it on the side of Tyrone, receives several small tributaries ; and a very rapid stream separates the county from Armagh. The Finn, which falls into Lough Erne, rises in the centre of Monaghan, but is not navigable for boats until it has quitted the county. The Lagan forms the southern boundary, and afterwards joins the Glyde in the county of Louth. The canal from Lough Neagh to Lough Erne enters the county near Middleton, and proceeds thence by Tyhallon, Bessmount, and Monaghan, past Clones.

Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 161

Woollen factory established in Glanmire vale

near Glanmire · town · Cork · 1822

A woollen manufacture was established in the vale of Glanmire in 1822 by Messrs. Lyons and Hanly. Their factory in a secluded part of the valley contained 30 looms and employed 200 persons.

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RATHCOONEY, a parish, in the union of Cork, barony and county of Cork, and province of Munster, 4 miles (E. N. E.) from Cork, on the coach-road to Dublin ; containing, with the village of Glanniire, 3376 inhabitants. In I7I6 a battle was fought at Lower Glanmire, in this parish, between a regiment that had turned out for arrears of pay and posted themselves in the village, and a regiment which was brought up from Cove with two pieces of cannon to reduce the former to submission, which, after an obstinate conflict, they effected, when three of the ringleaders were shot by sentence of a court martial. The parish, which is bounded on the east and north-east by the river Glanmire, and on the south by the estuary of the Lee, comprises 5152 statute acres, chiefly under tillage. The soil is light and shallow on the hills, but richer on the lower grounds ; the system of agriculture is improving; there is very little waste land, and scarcely any bog. Sea weed and sand, which are obtained with facility, are the principal manures ; and the crops are in general of good quality. There are numerous gentlemen's seats and good houses in the immediate vicinity of the village of Glanmire. The woollen manufacture was established here in 1822, by Messrs. Lyons and Hanly, whose factory, in a secluded part of the vale of Glanmire, contains 30 looms, and affords employment to 200 persons. The bleach-greens of Messrs. Thorley and Son, at Annasilla, employ 100 persons ; and the St. Patrick's beetling-mills, belonging to the same firm, 100 more. The produce of these manufactories and others in the neighbourhood is sent by land carriage to Cork, the road being the principal entrance into Cork from Dublin, Clonmel, Kilkenny, and Cashel. At this point the road was formerly hilly and dangerous : to avoid the hills a new line was lately sought for, intended to pass over the Glanmire river and along its banks, to join that part of the road running along the side of the Lee into Cork ; thereby forming a perfect level, and a most delightful drive. Its execution was for a time opposed, but the road has recently been effected, though not in the line at first proposed ; it runs along the west side of the river, but does not cross it, and joins the old road about five miles and a half from Cork. Spring Hill Mills produce annually about 10,000 barrels on the average, and employ a considerable number of men.

Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 246

Woollen manufacture at Celbridge

Celbridge · town · Kildare

A small woollen manufacture was carried on at Celbridge, one of only two manufactures of note in County Kildare at the time of writing, the other being the cotton mill at Inchyguire.

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but they all fell to decay. A very large mill for manufacturing cotton was, however, built a few years since at Inchyguire, near Ballytore, which is still in full operation ; and a small woollen manufacture is carried on at Celbridge. But these are the only manufactures of note which the county possesses, although the numerous falls on the rivers otfer most advantageous sites for the erection of works, and there is great facility for the transit of goods. All the small rivers abound with trout, and the Barrow formerly gave a copious supply of salmon, yet there are now no fisheries : the weirs thrown across this river for forming mill-dams have presented such impediments to the passage of the fish, that they are nearly banished from it.

Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 20

Woollen mills at Araglyn in Kilcrumper

near Araglin · population centre · Cork

At Araglyn in Kilcrumper parish are extensive woollen mills for the manufacture of broad-cloth.

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KILCRUMPER, a parish, partly in the barony of Fermoy, but chiefly in that of Condons and Clongib- BONs, union of Fermoy, county of Cork, and province of Munster, at the junction of the rivers Funcheon and Blackwater, and nearly adjoining the town of Kilwortb; containing I'i'iS inhabitants, and comprising 3516 statute acres. The land is in general of a good quality, and chiefly under tillage : limestone and brownstone abound, and are worked to a considerable extent for manure and building. At Araglyn are extensive woollen-mills for the manufacture of broad-cloth. The parish is in the diocese of Cloyne ; the rectory is impropriate in Messrs. E. & B. Norcott, and the vicarage forms part of the union of Kilworth ; the tithe rent-charge, amounting to £330. '2., is payable in equal portions to the impropriators and the vicar. The glebe-house of the union, which is in Kilcrumper, was built in 1821, at an expense exceeding £2000, of which £100 were a gift and^ £1300 a loan from the Board of First Fruits; it is beautifully situated on an eminence peninsulated by the Araglyn, the Funcheon, and the Blackwater, and commands one of the most luxuriant and picturesque scenes in the county : the glebe contains 44 acres. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish is partly included in the district of Kilworth, but chiefly in that of Fermoy. On a rocky eminence overhanging the Funcheon are the extensive remains of the castellated mansion of Ballyhindon.
KILCULLANE, barony of Small County, county of Limerick. — See Kilkellane.

Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 17

Writer Mr. Eccles buried on Knockmealdown summit

Knockmealdown · townland · Waterford · 1781

The conical summit of Knockmeledown reaches 2700 feet and commands magnificent prospects. Mr. Eccles, a writer on electricity, was buried there at his own request in 1781.

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The PARISH of Lismoreand Mocollop contains 64,037 statute acres. The soil is in general fertile, and the lands alternately arable and pasture, with very little waste, except roads and river, and a small quantity of bog ; the system of agriculture is improved. Limestone abounds in the southern parts of the parish, and towards the north is found in strata of great depth. Slate of good quality for roofing is quarried on the north side of the Blackwater and at Glenribben, and there are several other quarries, one of which near the bridge of Lismore has been worked for a long time : there is slate also on the side of Knockmeledown ; and coarse clay-slate, silicious rock, conglomerate, and sandstone are found in various parts. Iron, copper, and lead ores are frequently discovered, and were formerly worked, but discontinued for want of fuel ; a leadmine was discovered in 1836, a little below Cappoquin, near the navigable part of the Blackwater, but it is not yet worked. The scenery abounds with features of grandeur and beauty ; on the north, towards the county of Tipperary, the parish is bounded by a mountainous ridge, the highest point of which is the conical summit of Knockmeledown, '2700 feet above the level of the sea, commanding a magnificent and extensive prospect, embracing the Rock of Cashel and its cathedral church, and the ocean, with the bays of Youghal and Dungarvan. On the summit of this mountain, Mr. Eccles, a writer on electricity, was buried in 1*81, at his own request. Some very rich scenery is also observable on the roads to Clogheen and Cappoquin, about two miles distant ; in various places deep ravines intersect the range of hills, and the whole of the adjoining district presents features of interest and variety. The principal seats are, Tourin, the residence of Sir R. Musgrave, Bart., composed partly of an ancient castle, and commanding an extensive and picturesque view; Ballysaggartraore, an ample and tastefully planted demesne near the river, also commanding some fine views ; Flower Hill, a beautiful residence in the cottage style, surrounded by richly diversified scenery; Fort William, "247

Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 86

Yellow clay at Corcashel in Killoughter

Corcashel · townland · Cavan

In the townland of Corcashel within the parish of Killoughter, a kind of yellow clay is found. When dissolved in water, it makes a fine wash for colouring walls, resembling oil painting and leaving a gloss.

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KILLOUGHTER, a parish, in the barony of Tul- LAGHGARVEY, uuiou and county of Cavan, and province of Ulster, 6 miles (N. N. E.) from Belturbet, on the road from that place to Cootehill ; containing about 6130 inhabitants. It comprises 7633 statute acres, all arable and pasture land except about 250 acres of lake and bog. A description of gravel is found on some ground here, largely impregnated with iron-ore, and it is supposed a mine might be worked to advantage ; in the townland of Corcashel is a kind of yellow clay, which when dissolved in water makes a fine wash for colouring walls, precisely resembling oil painting, and leaving the same gloss. The living is a perpetual curacy, in the diocese of Kilmore, formed out of the parish of Annagh in 1813, and in the gift of the Incumbent of 119

Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 40

Yellow ochre workings at Curraghlane

Curraghlane · townland · Kilkenny

Yellow ochre of good quality was procured on the lands of Curraghlane in the parish of Powerstown, County Kilkenny. The parish comprised over 54,000 statute acres, much of it arable and pasture land.

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POWERSTOWN, a parish, in the barony of Gow- RAN, union and county of Kilkenny, and province of Leinster, 3 miles (S. E. by S.) from Gowran, and on the road from Kilkenny to Graig ; containing 1730 inhabitants. This parish comprises 54325 statute acres ; the greater portion is arable and pasture land, about one-half being under tillage. On the lands of Curraghlane, yellow ochre of good quality is procured ; and at Mount Loftus is an extensive quarry in which is raised excellent granite of a beautiful light-yellow colour, fine-grained, and very compact ; it may be raised in blocks of very large size, and is mostly used for gatepillars and for buildings. Mount Loftus, the seat of Sir Francis Hamilton Loftus, Bart., is situated on an eminence commanding an extensive view. A constabulary police force is stationed In the parish. The living is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of Leighlin, and in the alternate patronage of the Crown and the Bishop : the tithe rent-charge is £337- 10. The glebe-house, built in 1820, and towards which the Board of First Fruits contributed £100 and a loan of £900, is a good residence ; the glebe comprises 1 1 acres. The church is a small neat edifice. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish forms part of the union of Graig ; the chapel, a neat edifice, was erected about 20 years since.

Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 233

Yellow Steeple and ancient abbey destroyed by Cromwell

Trim · town · Meath

The remains of an ancient abbey include part of the tower called the Yellow Steeple, half of which was destroyed by Cromwell after a lengthy defence. The abbey once preserved an image of the Virgin that was burnt at the Reformation.

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The remains of the castle are extensive, and form a conspicuous and highly interesting object. The keep is a massive pile strengthened by four lofty square towers, which rise to a considerable height above the other parts of the building; and there are several round towers and other outworks extending to the river Boyne, which flows along their base ; the whole occupying an area of about four acres. The remains of the ancient abbey, in which was preserved an image of the Virgin, that was burnt at the Reformation, consist principally of part of the tower called the Yellow Steeple, onehalf of which was destroyed by Cromwell, against whom it was defended for a considerable time. Here were formerly also, a convent of grey friars, dedicated to St. Bonaventure; a Dominican friary, founded in honour of the Blessed Virgin, in 1263, by Geoffrey de Geneville, Lord of Meath, and in which general chapters of the order were frequently held ; and a chantry in the parish church. At Newtown Clonbun or Trim, about half a mile from the town, on the banks of the Boyne, are extensive remains of other religious foundations, the principal of which are those of a priory of Canons Regular of the order of St. Victor, founded by Simon de Rochfort, Bishop of Meath, about the year 1206 ; the prior was a lord of parliament, and there are still some remains of the fine old church. Adjoining the bridge are the remains of a square tower, whence a regular range of building extends along the water's edge to another tower, near which is the eastern gable of a small chapel with a fine window j and at a short

Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 352

Youghal charters from Edward III to James I

Youghal · town · Cork · 1375–1610

Youghal's earliest recorded charter under Edward III redirected staple-article dues from Cork to Youghal's port. Subsequent charters under Edward IV, Richard III, Henry VII, and James I progressively expanded the corporation's judicial, commercial, and civic powers.

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The earliest charter to Youghal on record, exclusively of those of a temporary nature, is that of the 49th of Edward III., directing that the dues hitherto paid at Cork for certain stai)lo articles should henceforward be paid in the port of Youghal. Another charter of the 'iad of Edward IV. granted to the sovereign and provosts the cognizance of pleas to any amount, both real and personal, and appointed the sovereign derk-of-themarket, with power to regulate the weights and measures and the assize of bread ; also escheator and admiral of the port, which was made a petty limb of the cinqueports of Ireland. The charter of the '2nd of Richard III. changed the titles of Sovereign and Provosts into those of Mayor and Bailiffs, and incorporated the town by the name of " The Mayor, liailiffs, Burgesses, and Cominoiiatti/ of the Town of Youghal," with cognizance of all ])leas real and personal, and a court of record every Friday, the freemen to be free of tolls throughout England and Ireland, and the corporation to have the customs and cocquet from the headland of Ardmore and Capell Island to the island of Toureen. The charter of the l'2th of Henry VII. gave the corporation a ferry at Youghal and a mease of herrings from every fishing-boat. That of the 7th of James I. which was considered to be the governing charter till the dissolution of the corporation in 1840, after confirming all the privileges in former grants, and licensing two weekly markets and two fairs, granted a corporation of the staple, as in Dublin, the retiring mayor and bailiffs to be mayor and constables of the staple for the ensuing year ; the mayor, deputymayor, and recorder, to be justices of the peace and of oyer and terminer for the borough, and for the county of Cork ; and licensed the mayor to have a sword borne before him. The charter granted by James II., in the fourth year of his reign, was not considered valid. The borough appears to have exercised the elective franchise by prescription, as, though no notice of that privilege appears in any of its charters, it continued to send two members to the Irish parliament from the year 13~4 till the Union, since which period it has returned one member to the Imperial parliament : the right of election was vested solely in the members of the corporation and the freemen, whether resident or not ; but by the act of the ^nd of William IV., cap. 88, it was granted to the £10 householders, and the non-resident freemen were disfranchised. A new boundary was drawn round the town, including an area of 212 statute acres. The present constituenc)' of Youghal is 470.

Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 413

The stories, best first

Wexford barracks at the commencement of the Faithe

Wexford besieged after the English invasion landing at Bannow

Wexford bridge over the Slaney, built of American oak

Wexford castle granted by Cromwell to Borr

Wexford charters from 1318 to 1608

Wexford Court-house on the quay

Wexford haven navigation hazards

Wexford named Weisford by Danish settlers

Wexford one of first places to fall to insurgents in 1641

Wexford receives its earliest extant charter from Adomar de Valence

Wexford town: 1798 rebellion slaughter and recapture

Wexford town attacked by Fitz-Stephen after four-day resistance

Wexford town walls and towers still standing

Whiddy Island fort erected after 1796 French attempt

Whinstone quarry worked in Tartaraghan

Whiteabbey ruins and origin of name

Whiteboy attack on Greenville House, 1822

Whiteboy insurrection of 1762 in Limerick

White Castle built at Leighlin-Bridge 1408

Whitechurch parish: mills, granite and mountain landscape

White family castle site at Killinchy fort

White Knight's castle at Mitchelstown

White limestone strata emerging at Tamlaght

White limestone with flint nodules near Coagh

White Rocks of Maudlintown

Whitewood lake and demesne at Nobber

Wicker-doored stone cabins between Tarbert and Listowel

Wicker hurdles found preserved in Monaghan bogs

Wicklow burned by the Irish, 1301

Wicklow castle and town surrendered to Henry VIII, 1543

Wicklow erected as distinct county 1605

Wicklow Head lighthouses and caverns

Wicklow's ancient name and Danish origin

Wicklow town houses county court-house and gaol

Widows' Apartments at Waterford Cathedral

William Brownlow, native of Shankill parish

William de Scurlog's Castle and Church Ruins

William III lodged at Rossenarre on march to Limerick

William III's first siege of Limerick (1690)

William's forces burn Tralee in 1691

Williamstown bathing village on Dublin Bay

Wingfield Stratford's improvements in Shanagolden

Women and children gather combustible material near Cahir for fuel

Wooden bridge and ship-building at Ferrybank

Woodfield demesne, seat of Lord Farnham

Woodfort hill with turret overlooking Blackwater

Woodhouse, ancient Geraldine seat

Wood Island shell beds above sea level in Strangford Lough

Woodlawn mausoleum for Trench's twenty-one children

Woods around the base of Croagh Patrick

Woods of Carton and Palmerstown with fine timber

Woollen cloth manufacture at Carrickmacross

Woollen factory established in Glanmire vale

Woollen manufacture at Celbridge

Woollen mills at Araglyn in Kilcrumper

Writer Mr. Eccles buried on Knockmealdown summit

Yellow clay at Corcashel in Killoughter

Yellow ochre workings at Curraghlane

Yellow Steeple and ancient abbey destroyed by Cromwell

Youghal charters from Edward III to James I