A topographical dictionary of Ireland : comprising the several counties; cities; boroughs; corporate, market and post towns; parishes; and villages, with historical and statistical descriptions embellished with engravings of the arms of the cities, bishopricks, corporate towns, and boroughs ; and of the seals of the several municipal corporations .. (vol. 2)

Each story keeps the passage it was read from. Open one to read it as the scan has it, and, where the companion has written its own telling, that too. The passages are read off photographs of the page by machine, so a word here and there comes out wrong; they are kept as the reading produced them, so you can check any of them against the scan.

1. Youghal coast-guard district from Ballyvoile to Bally-William

   Youghal · town · Cork

   The Youghal coast-guard district extended from Ballyvoile Head to Bally-William Cove eastward, a distance of 54 miles of maritime boundary. It comprised subordinate stations at Helwick Head, Ardmore, Knockadoon, and Ballycotton, with a resident inspecting commander headquartered at Youghal.

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   The harbour is safe and commodious, and at spring tides is accessible to vessels of 500 tons' burthen. Ships of any burthen may ride afloat off the town, when inside, as there is a depth of four fathoms at low water ; but there is a bar across the entrance, extending about a mile to the south, on which are only five feet at low water, and thirteen feet at high water of neap tides : the sea is consequently rough when the wind blows on the shore or against ,the tide. The quays are extensive and in good repair ; and on one of them is the custom-house, a building well adapted to its purpose ; but Youghal being only a creek to Cork, most of the large vessels discharge at the latter port. Here is a coast-guard station consisting of one officer and seven men under a resident inspecting commander, forming the head of the district of Youghal, which extends from Ballyvoile Head to Bally- William Cove eastward, a distance of 54 miles of maritime boundary, comprising the subordinate stations of Helwick Head, Ardmore, Knockadoon, and Ballycotton. In 1844 the fishery district possessed 586 registered craft for fishing, giving employment to 2864 men and boys. The market is daily, but the principal market is on Saturday, which is large and well supplied, particularly with fish, meat, and vegetables ; and fairs, all of which are toll free, are held on the first Thursday of each month, Ascension-day, and the 18th of October. There are two convenient market places for butchers'- meat, and another for fish. The Bank of Ireland, and the Provincial Bank, have each a branch in the town, and transact considerable business. A mail-coach to Cork from Waterford passes through the town every evening, and another to the latter city is despatched every morning ; a second daily mail to Dublin, via Fermoy, has been recently established, as also a second daily mail to Cork; besides which there are several stagecoaches every day to Cork ; and public cars to Ardmore, Dungarvan, and Clonmel, on the plan introduced by Mr. Bianconi. The lovely scenery of the river Blackwater, which procured for it from the tourist Inglis the name of " the Irish Rhine," is now rendered accessible by means of a small steamer that ascends the river daily as far as Cappoquin. The question of rendering the Blackwater yet further navigable, even up to Fermoy and Mallow, has been often canvassed ; a joint-stock company is now in process of formation under the patron-

   Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 412

2. Youghal collegiate church and college founded by Earl of Desmond

   Youghal · town · Cork · 1464

   In 1464 Thomas, Earl of Desmond, founded the collegiate church and college-house in Youghal, which form the chief attraction of the place. The institution was richly endowed with money and lands and comprised a warden, eight fellows, and eight choristers living collegiately with a common table.

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   quest of Waterford ; and so early as the year 1209 the town received from King John a charter of incorporation which is still preserved among the archives of Lismore Castle. In 1229, according to Holiushed, Maurice Fitz-Gerald founded a Franciscan monastery on the south side of the town, which was the first religious foundation of the order in Ireland. It is recorded that he originally intended the building for a castle, but that, in consequence of some harsh treatment which the workmen received from his eldest son, he changed his design and determined to devote it to religious uses : dying in 1257, it was completed in 1260 by his second son, Thomas, whose son, in 126S, founded a Dominican monastery, called the Friary of St. Mary of Thanks, which was opened for its inmates, in August, 1271. At this time the town had attained some commercial eminence, for in 1267 the amount of customs paid was £103. In 1317, Sir Roger Mortimer, who had been appointed lord-justice, landed here in Easter week with 38 knights, and in a short time compelled Edward Bruce, with his plundering Scots, to retreat from the neighbouring country and take refuge in Ulster ; and in the year following, Alexander Bicknor, Archbishop of Dublin and Lord-Deputy of Ireland, also landed at this port. The collegiate church and college-house, which form the chief attraction of the place, were founded in 1464, by Thomas, Earl of Desmond. The latter institution was richly endowed with money and lands, and comprised a community of a warden, eight fellows, and eight choristers, who lived in a collegiate manner, having a common table and all other necessaries allowed them, with an annual stipend each.

   Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 409

3. Youghal Dominican Friary of St. Mary of Thanks

   Youghal · town · Cork · 1268–1271

   In 1268 the son of Thomas Fitz-Gerald founded a Dominican monastery in Youghal called the Friary of St. Mary of Thanks, which was opened for its inmates in August 1271. This was the second major religious foundation established by the Fitz-Gerald family in the town.

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   quest of Waterford ; and so early as the year 1209 the town received from King John a charter of incorporation which is still preserved among the archives of Lismore Castle. In 1229, according to Holiushed, Maurice Fitz-Gerald founded a Franciscan monastery on the south side of the town, which was the first religious foundation of the order in Ireland. It is recorded that he originally intended the building for a castle, but that, in consequence of some harsh treatment which the workmen received from his eldest son, he changed his design and determined to devote it to religious uses : dying in 1257, it was completed in 1260 by his second son, Thomas, whose son, in 126S, founded a Dominican monastery, called the Friary of St. Mary of Thanks, which was opened for its inmates, in August, 1271. At this time the town had attained some commercial eminence, for in 1267 the amount of customs paid was £103. In 1317, Sir Roger Mortimer, who had been appointed lord-justice, landed here in Easter week with 38 knights, and in a short time compelled Edward Bruce, with his plundering Scots, to retreat from the neighbouring country and take refuge in Ulster ; and in the year following, Alexander Bicknor, Archbishop of Dublin and Lord-Deputy of Ireland, also landed at this port. The collegiate church and college-house, which form the chief attraction of the place, were founded in 1464, by Thomas, Earl of Desmond. The latter institution was richly endowed with money and lands, and comprised a community of a warden, eight fellows, and eight choristers, who lived in a collegiate manner, having a common table and all other necessaries allowed them, with an annual stipend each.

   Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 409

4. Youghal ferry and Blackwater Bridge annuity

   Youghal · town · Cork

   The corporation's property included a ferry at Youghal and an annuity from the Commissioners of the Blackwater Bridge, being interest on £8500, the purchase money of the ferry.

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   trade in the town ; but they exercised no political functions. The recorder was elected for life at a special meeting of the corporate body, called a court of election. The court of quarter-sessions, held by the mayor, bailiffs, and recorder, had jurisdiction in all cases, but confined its proceedings to larcenies and misdemeanours punishable by fine and imprisonment : the court of pleas or record, held before the mayor and bailiffs, or one of them, assisted in special cases by the recorder, took cognizance of pleas to any amount. The town is a constabulary station in the Midleton district, and the police are under the control of the resident justices of the peace for the county, who, in consequence of the extinction of the corporation, hold petty-sessions weekly on Thursday. The property of the late corporation is now vested in twenty-one Town Commissioners chosen under the Lighting and Cleansing act 9th George IV., cap. S'i. It consists of lands and tenements, yielding about £900 per annum ; of tolls and customs, producing an uncertain amount ; and of an annuity from the Commissioners of the Blackwater Bridge, being the interest on £8500, the purchase money of the ferry. Quartersessions are now held at Youghal (mce a year, before the assistant barrister for the East riding of the county of Cork ; debts amounting to £20 are recoverable by process in this court, and all offences not capital are cognizable in it ; it is also a court of registration. The Mall-house, in which the courts are held and the public business transacted, is a handsome structure, built by the corporation in 1779, on a site reclaimed from the slab ; it contains, besides the court-rooms, an assemblyroom, a reading-room, and the magistrates' offices : adjoining it is an agreeable promenade. A lofty square building of four stones, called the Clock-Gate, from its being surmounted by a lantern and cupola containing the town clock, was until recently used as the borough gaol ; but, being defective in several of the accommodations essential to the health of the prisoners, it has been condemned, and a new spacious bridewell is now in course of erection.

   Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 413

5. Youghal Franciscan monastery founded by Maurice Fitz-Gerald

   Youghal · town · Cork · 1229–1260

   In 1229 Maurice Fitz-Gerald founded a Franciscan monastery on the south side of Youghal, the first religious foundation of the order in Ireland. Originally intended as a castle, Fitz-Gerald changed his design after his eldest son mistreated the workmen, and the building was completed in 1260 by his second son Thomas.

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   quest of Waterford ; and so early as the year 1209 the town received from King John a charter of incorporation which is still preserved among the archives of Lismore Castle. In 1229, according to Holiushed, Maurice Fitz-Gerald founded a Franciscan monastery on the south side of the town, which was the first religious foundation of the order in Ireland. It is recorded that he originally intended the building for a castle, but that, in consequence of some harsh treatment which the workmen received from his eldest son, he changed his design and determined to devote it to religious uses : dying in 1257, it was completed in 1260 by his second son, Thomas, whose son, in 126S, founded a Dominican monastery, called the Friary of St. Mary of Thanks, which was opened for its inmates, in August, 1271. At this time the town had attained some commercial eminence, for in 1267 the amount of customs paid was £103. In 1317, Sir Roger Mortimer, who had been appointed lord-justice, landed here in Easter week with 38 knights, and in a short time compelled Edward Bruce, with his plundering Scots, to retreat from the neighbouring country and take refuge in Ulster ; and in the year following, Alexander Bicknor, Archbishop of Dublin and Lord-Deputy of Ireland, also landed at this port. The collegiate church and college-house, which form the chief attraction of the place, were founded in 1464, by Thomas, Earl of Desmond. The latter institution was richly endowed with money and lands, and comprised a community of a warden, eight fellows, and eight choristers, who lived in a collegiate manner, having a common table and all other necessaries allowed them, with an annual stipend each.

   Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 409

6. Youghal harbour and its surrounding eminences

   Youghal · town · Cork

   The town of Youghal is situated on the western shore of its harbour, which is enclosed between two bold eminences called Blackball Head and Knockvarry. These hills leave a channel for the Toragh and Blackwater rivers.

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   The TOWN is pleasantly situated on the western shore of the harbour to which it gives name, and which is 679

   inclosed between two bold eminences called Blackball Head and Knockvarry, leaving a channel about half a mile in breadth for the confluent streams of the Toragh or Tohrig and the Blackwater, which discharge themselves into the bay. The Toragh in a boundary between Cork and Waterford for about two miles before it falls into the Blackwater, and then makes a bold sweep to the east and south, forming in appearance a fine lake, environed by an amphitheatre of verdant and gently sloping hills, which terminate abruptly on the south in the two bold eminences previously noticed. Knockvarry, rising immediately over the town, is in many places well planted. The principal street, from which diverge several smaller streets, is nearly a mile in length, and is divided by the Clock-Gate into the north and south main-streets : the houses are irregularly built, but generally of respectable appearance, though occasionally intermixed with a few of the more ancient, which are in a ruinous and dilapidated state ; the total number, in 1H41, was 1360. The streets are macadamized, with the footways flagged ; they are lighted with gas, and cleansed under the provisions of the act of the 9th of George IV. The inhabitants are supplied with water from pumps erected in various parts ; but the supply in dry seasons being deficient, and the water, from an admixture of sea-water, being at times (at high water) rendered unpalatable, it is in contemplation to bring water of a better quality to the houses by pipes from the extremities of the town, where there is an abundant supply.

   Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 410

7. Youghal Literary and Scientific Institution founded

   Youghal · town · Cork · 1833

   The Youghal Literary and Scientific Institution was founded in 1833 for the diffusion of knowledge by lectures on practical subjects. It was supported by annual subscriptions of half a guinea, with a library and museum in course of formation.

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   There are two public reading-rooms, one in the Mallhouse and the other in the Operative Association Rooms, both well furnished with English and Irish newspapers, periodicals, and works of reference. The Youghal Literary and Scientific Institution for the diffusion of knowledge by lectures on subjects capable of practical illustration, was founded in 1833, and is supported by annual subscriptions of half a guinea each, which entitle the subscriber and his family to admission to the lectures : a library and museum are in course of formation. A horticultural society has been established, and at fit seasons gives public exhibitions of flowers, fruits, and vegetables, for which prizes are awarded. Balls and concerts are held during the summer season at the Mall-house. A savings' bank was established in 1818, and a large and handsome building was erected for it in 1831, the expense of which was defrayed from the accumulated surplus fund ; the business is conducted by 10 trustees and 30 managers : in the year ending 20th November, 1844, the number of depositers was 11*8, by whom £10,653 were lodged ; and the total amount of deposits is £37,513. On an eminence north of the town are infantry barracks for the accommodation of 6 otficers and ISO men.

   Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 411

8. Youghal parliamentary franchise from 1374 to the Union

   Youghal · town · Cork · 1374–1832

   Youghal sent two members to the Irish parliament from 1374 until the Union, thereafter returning one member. The right of election, vested in corporation members and freemen, was extended to £10 householders under the Reform Act.

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   The earliest charter to Youghal on record, exclusively of those of a temporary nature, is that of the 49th of Edward III., directing that the dues hitherto paid at Cork for certain stai)lo articles should henceforward be paid in the port of Youghal. Another charter of the 'iad of Edward IV. granted to the sovereign and provosts the cognizance of pleas to any amount, both real and personal, and appointed the sovereign derk-of-themarket, with power to regulate the weights and measures and the assize of bread ; also escheator and admiral of the port, which was made a petty limb of the cinqueports of Ireland. The charter of the '2nd of Richard III. changed the titles of Sovereign and Provosts into those of Mayor and Bailiffs, and incorporated the town by the name of " The Mayor, liailiffs, Burgesses, and Cominoiiatti/ of the Town of Youghal," with cognizance of all ])leas real and personal, and a court of record every Friday, the freemen to be free of tolls throughout England and Ireland, and the corporation to have the customs and cocquet from the headland of Ardmore and Capell Island to the island of Toureen. The charter of the l'2th of Henry VII. gave the corporation a ferry at Youghal and a mease of herrings from every fishing-boat. That of the 7th of James I. which was considered to be the governing charter till the dissolution of the corporation in 1840, after confirming all the privileges in former grants, and licensing two weekly markets and two fairs, granted a corporation of the staple, as in Dublin, the retiring mayor and bailiffs to be mayor and constables of the staple for the ensuing year ; the mayor, deputymayor, and recorder, to be justices of the peace and of oyer and terminer for the borough, and for the county of Cork ; and licensed the mayor to have a sword borne before him. The charter granted by James II., in the fourth year of his reign, was not considered valid. The borough appears to have exercised the elective franchise by prescription, as, though no notice of that privilege appears in any of its charters, it continued to send two members to the Irish parliament from the year 13~4 till the Union, since which period it has returned one member to the Imperial parliament : the right of election was vested solely in the members of the corporation and the freemen, whether resident or not ; but by the act of the ^nd of William IV., cap. 88, it was granted to the £10 householders, and the non-resident freemen were disfranchised. A new boundary was drawn round the town, including an area of 212 statute acres. The present constituenc)' of Youghal is 470.

   Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 413

9. Youghal receives King John's charter, 1209

   Youghal · town · Cork · 1209

   Youghal derived its Irish name Eo-chaill, meaning a yew wood, from its situation at the base of a range of hills which was once a dense forest. Anglo-Norman adventurers established a colony from Bristol after their conquest of Waterford, and in 1209 King John granted the town a charter of incorporation still preserved at Lismore Castle.

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   quest of Waterford ; and so early as the year 1209 the town received from King John a charter of incorporation which is still preserved among the archives of Lismore Castle. In 1229, according to Holiushed, Maurice Fitz-Gerald founded a Franciscan monastery on the south side of the town, which was the first religious foundation of the order in Ireland. It is recorded that he originally intended the building for a castle, but that, in consequence of some harsh treatment which the workmen received from his eldest son, he changed his design and determined to devote it to religious uses : dying in 1257, it was completed in 1260 by his second son, Thomas, whose son, in 126S, founded a Dominican monastery, called the Friary of St. Mary of Thanks, which was opened for its inmates, in August, 1271. At this time the town had attained some commercial eminence, for in 1267 the amount of customs paid was £103. In 1317, Sir Roger Mortimer, who had been appointed lord-justice, landed here in Easter week with 38 knights, and in a short time compelled Edward Bruce, with his plundering Scots, to retreat from the neighbouring country and take refuge in Ulster ; and in the year following, Alexander Bicknor, Archbishop of Dublin and Lord-Deputy of Ireland, also landed at this port. The collegiate church and college-house, which form the chief attraction of the place, were founded in 1464, by Thomas, Earl of Desmond. The latter institution was richly endowed with money and lands, and comprised a community of a warden, eight fellows, and eight choristers, who lived in a collegiate manner, having a common table and all other necessaries allowed them, with an annual stipend each.

   Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 409

10. Youghal's military role in the 1641 rebellion

    Youghal · town · Cork · 1641–1650

    During the 1641 war, Youghal served as an important military station defended by the Earl of Cork against insurgents. The town saw multiple conflicts, including a siege by Lord Castlehaven in 1645 and Cromwell making it his headquarters in 1649.

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    In the war of 1641 the tow'u again became an important military station, and was defended against the insnrgents by the Earl of Cork, at his own expense, with 1000 foot and 60 horse ; in addition to which, the townsmen maintained 15 companies without any other supply than what the earl might furnish. Sir Charles Vavasour, with his regiment of 1000 men, came to their assistance in February, 1642, and landed with some difficulty ; soon after, the earl, assisted by his sons the Lords Dungarvan, Broghill, Kinalmeaky, and Barrymore, held a session in the town, at which the principal insurgent leaders were indicted for high treason : this powerful nobleman died in the following year. In 1644 the native Irish were expelled from the town, and their property was seized. In 1645 the place was besieged by Lord Castlehaven : although the town was in a very weak state of defence and the garrison small, the besiegers were several times repulsed and, on the arrival of Lord Broghill with assistance, were compelled to abandon the enterprise. On the approach of Cromwell in I64y, the inhabitants, through the interest of Lord Broghill, embraced the cause of the parliament, and the Protector made Youghal his head-quarters till the spring ; after the siege of Clonmel he returned, and embarked here on the "JQlh May, 1650, for England. By letters-patent under the privy seal, dated Feb. 14th, 1660, their estates and franchises were restored to the inhabitants, being " innocent Papi.sts," who had been deprived of them during Cromwell's usurpation. On the 'Jnd of August, 1690, after the reduction of Waterford, Youghal surrendered to a few dragoons of King William's army ; and on the 9th the governor marched at the head of a small army to Castlemartyr, where he defeated a large number of the Irish, and seized the castle for the king's use. In I696 the inhabitants manned a boat with 40 seamen and soldiers, and captured a French privateer which had seized on some boats belonging to the town, and sent one of them into the harbour to obtain supplies, while she lay herself at anchor under Capell Island. His Majesty William IV., when Prince William Henry, visited Youghal as commander of the ship Pegasus, in 1*87; and honoured the corporation with his company to dinner, on which occasion he was presented with the freedom of the borough.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 410

11. Youghal town walls and flanking towers

    Youghal · town · Cork · 1777

    Remains of Youghal's ancient town walls survive on the western side, where they are tolerably perfect, with three flanking towers still standing. All gates have been removed except the dilapidated Water-Gate leading to the quay and the Clock-Gate, which was rebuilt in 1777.

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    Of the ancient walls there are some remains on the western side of the town, where they are tolerably perfect, and three of the tenalia or flanking towers are yet standing. The gates have all been removed, except the AVater-Gate leading out t(j the quay, which is extremely dilapidated ; and the Clock-Gate, which was rebuilt iu 1777. In the north main street is Tyntes Castle, in the style of those erected in the reign of Elizabeth ; it was built in 1643, by Sir Robert Tynte, Knt., a distinguished officer in Lord Carew's army, from whom Smith relates that the Lord President was obliged to seize £4000 for the supply of his army. Sir Robert Tynte died in 1663, and lies buried in the church of Kilcredan, three miles eastward of Castlemartyr, of which he was founder : his tomb is on the south side of the communion-table ; on it is placed the effigy of a recumbent knight, clad in a surcoat of mail, while at the head and feet are two kneeling female figures, supposed to represent his two wives. At the north-eastern extremity of the parish, near the river Tohrig, are the remains of the castle of Kilnatohrig, a noble structure formerly belonging to the great Earl of Desmond. Several ancient houses are still remaining in the town, some of them having the staircases in the walls, which

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 415

12. Young horses bred in bogs of Eglish and Ballyboy

    Eglish · townland · Offaly

    Horses in the county are well bred and light, and are bred in great numbers in the mountains and bogs of Eglish and Ballyboy. It is common to see herds of young bay horses in these areas.

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    Much has been done to improve the breed of homed CATTLE : that mostly preferred by the farmer is the old native stock crossed by the Durham. A very serviceable breed has been introduced by a cross between the Meath and Devon ; the cattle are exceedingly pretty, and thrive well on favoured soils. In the barony of Ballybritt is a very heavy and powerful breed of bullocks, being a cross between the Limerick and Durham, excellent for field work, of large size, and rapidly and economically fattened : they are principally sent to the Dublin market. The breed of sheep has also been much improved. A cross between the new Leicester and the native sheep of the valley gives excellent wool, and draws higher prices than any other. On the hills, the sheep appear to have been crossed till it would be difficult to give the breed a name ; the best appear to combine the old Ayrshire with the Kerry. The horses are well bred, light, and active, and when properly trained, excellent for the saddle ; they are bred in great numbers : it is no unusual thing to see herds of young horses, mostly bays, in the mountains or bogs of Eglish and Ballyboy. There is a greater number of jennets here than in any other part of Ireland. Pigs are found every where, but very little attention has been paid to their improvement. Asses are mostly kept by the poor people, and mules are common with the small farmers. Goats are by no means numerous.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 58