The ancient and present state of the county and city of Cork. : Containing a natural, civil, ecclesiastical, historical, and topographical description thereof.

Each story keeps the passage it was read from. Open one to read it as the scan has it, and, where the companion has written its own telling, that too. The passages are read off photographs of the page by machine, so a word here and there comes out wrong; they are kept as the reading produced them, so you can check any of them against the scan.

1. 220 towns burned in Barrymore's country, 1599

   Barrymore · barony · Cork · 1599

   A State Paper Office record lists 220 towns and villages in Barrymore's country, part of the inheritance of David L. Buttevant, that were burned and spoiled by Tyrone and James Fitz-Thomas Desmonde from 23 to 27 February 1599.

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   The first manuscript made by Dr. Caulfield is in Book L, which he copied in the State Paper Office, London. It gives a list of the towns and villages, 220 in number, which were " burned and spoyled " by the "arch-traitors Tyrone and James Fitz-Thomas Desmonde, with their wicked associates, in the Barrymores country, parcel of the inheritance of David L. Buttevant, from the 23rd of February, 1599, being the fyrst daie they entered into the said countrey, till the 27th of the said month."

   1. Castellions

   Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 9

   As the companion tells it

   The road runs through Barrymore, a barony in Cork. In 1599 this country belonged to David L. Buttevant as part of his inheritance. A manuscript copied by Dr. Caulfield from the State Paper Office in London lists 220 towns and villages here that were, in the source's words, "burned and spoyled" by Tyrone and James Fitz-Thomas Desmonde, with their associates. They entered the country on the 23rd of February 1599 and by the 27th of that month the 220 towns and villages had been destroyed.

2. All-a-one-side like Christ Church expression

   Cork · city · Cork

   The alarmingly leaning tower of Christ Church in Cork gave rise to a common local expression used to describe anything that was crooked or bent.

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   (0 This originated an expression common in Cork at the time, "all-a-one-side like Christ Church," which was applied to anything crooked or bent.

   (7) The Register of Christ Church is the oldest in the diocese, commencing 1643, Only 100 copies were printed and published by Purcell & Co., Cork.

   Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 232

   As the companion tells it

   As you pass through Cork, you are in the city that gave us the expression "all-a-one-side like Christ Church." Christ Church had a tower that leaned so noticeably that people in Cork used its name for anything crooked or bent. The church also kept the oldest register in the diocese, begun in 1643. Only 100 copies were ever printed, by Purcell and Company in Cork.

3. Battle at Ballyraheen hill, Wicklow

   Ballyraheen · townland · Wicklow · 1798

   On 2 July 1798, yeomanry including Wingfield and Shillelah Cavalry, Tinahely Infantry, and Coolatin and Coolkenna Companies attacked rebels posted on the hill of Ballyraheen. The rebels put the Royalists to flight. Captain Chamney and Captain Nickson were killed, while Captain Morton and Lieutenant Chamney defended a house at the foot of the hill for fourteen hours.

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   2nd July. A force of yeomanry consisting of the Wingfield and Shillelah Cavalry, Tinahely Infantry, under Captain Morton, with the Coolatin and Coolkenna Companies, attacked a large party of rebels, strongly posted on the hill of Ballyraheen, county Wicklow, who put the Royalists to flight. Captain Chamney of the Coolatin, and Captain Nickson of the Coolkenna companies, were killed. Captain Morton and Lieutenant Chamney, with 60 Yeoman Infantry, defended a house at the foot of the hill for fourteen hours. The besiegers retired.

   4th July. The rebels having been driven from the White-Heaps near Ballyraheen, county Wicklow, took up a position at Ballygullen, where they were attacked and routed by Generals Needham and Duff. The pursuit was carried out by Lord Roden's Foxhunters (Fencibles), and the Yeomanry Cavalry under Captain White, who cut down great numbers.

   Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 286

   As the companion tells it

   Close to Ballyraheen, on 2 July 1798, yeomanry attacked rebels posted on the hill. The Wingfield and Shillelah Cavalry, the Tinahely Infantry under Captain Morton, and the Coolatin and Coolkenna Companies moved against a large party of rebels, who put the Royalists to flight. Captain Chamney of the Coolatin and Captain Nickson of the Coolkenna companies were killed. Captain Morton and Lieutenant Chamney, with 60 yeoman infantry, defended a house at the foot of the hill for 14 hours. The besiegers retired. Two days later, on 4 July, the rebels were driven from the White-Heaps near here. They took up position at Ballygullen, where Generals Needham and Duff attacked and routed them. Lord Roden's Foxhunters, Fencibles, and the yeomanry cavalry under Captain White pursued, cutting down great numbers.

4. Battle near Ballynascarty, Cork

   Ballynascarty · townland · Cork · 1798

   On 19 June 1798, 220 men of the Westmeath Militia with two 6-pounders, marching from Clonakilty to Bandon, encountered and defeated rebels near Ballynascarty, aided by 100 of the Caithness Legion.

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   19th June. 220 men of the Westmeath Militia, with two 6-pounders, on their march from Clonakilty to Bandon, county Cork, encountered the rebels near Ballynascarty, and defeated them, aided by 100 of the Caithness Legion.

   2 1st June. The celebrated Battle of Vinegar Hill, county Wexford. The Royalist Army was under General Lake, and drove the enemy from their position with heavy loss. Some yeomanry were present. One man of the Dunlavin Yeoman Cavalry was wounded.

   Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 286

   As the companion tells it

   Somewhere around here, on 19 June 1798, 220 men of the Westmeath Militia with two 6-pounders were marching from Clonakilty to Bandon. They encountered the rebels near Ballynascarty and defeated them, aided by 100 of the Caithness Legion.

5. Battle of Liscarroll and Lewis Boyle

   Liscarroll · town · Cork · 1642

   Lewis Boyle, created Baron of Bandon Bridge and Viscount Boyle of Kinalmeaky in 1628, was killed at the battle of Liscarroll. Upon his death, his titles devolved onto the earldom of Cork.

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   Earl of Cork. Richard Boyle, generally called the Great Earl of Cork, came to Ireland in 1583 as an adventurer. His acquisition of estate and his services and public works accomplished for advancement of the English interest and the Protestant religion in the South of Ireland were enormous. At the outbreak of the Rebellion in 1 641, the Lord President raised an army in which were enrolled the Earl of Barrymore, son-in-law to the Earl of Cork, and his lordship's three sons. Lords Dungarvan, Broghill, and Kinalmeaky. The estate enabled him to raise a regiment of 1,000 foot and two troops of horse, sixty in each troop, which were taken into the king's pay. He died in 1643. The justice with which the Earl of Cork obtained his vast estates has bc^ questioned by most historians. In 1616 he was created Baron Boyle of Youghal, in 1620 Viscount Dungarvan and Earl of Cork. He had five sons (besides several daughters) : — ist, Richard Lord Dungarvan, afterwards second Earl of Cork. 2nd, Lewis, created 1628 Baron of Bandon Bridge and Viscount Boyle of Kinalmeaky ; killed at the battle of Liscarroll, when his titles devolved on the earldom of Cork. 3rd, Roger, his ablest son, in 1628 created Lord Broghill, and in 1666 Earl of Orrery ; on the death of the fifth Earl of Orrery, the title. was united to that of Cork. 4th, Francis, in 1660 created Viscount Shannon ; the title expired with his grandson. 5th, Robert Boyle, the celebrated philosopher and chemist. On the death of the fourth Earl of Cork in 1753, leaving an only surviving daughter married to the fourth Duke of Devonshire, the greater portion of the vast estates of the earls of Cork passed to the Devonshire family. In a return of landowners laid before parliament in 1876, the Duke of Devonshire was owner of 32,520 acres, and the Earl of Cork and Orrery of 20, 165 acres, in the county Cork. Richard Boyle succeeded his grandfather as ninth Earl of Cork and Orrery, etc., in 1856.

   Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 277

   As the companion tells it

   The town of Liscarroll was the site of a battle in 1642. Lewis Boyle, the second son of Richard Boyle, the Great Earl of Cork, was killed there. Richard Boyle came to Ireland in 1583 as an adventurer. His acquisitions of estate and his services for the advancement of the English interest and the Protestant religion in the south of Ireland were enormous. In 1616 he was created Baron Boyle of Youghal, and in 1620 Viscount Dungarvan and Earl of Cork. At the outbreak of the rebellion, the Lord President raised an army. The Earl of Barrymore, son-in-law to the Earl of Cork, was enrolled in it, along with the Earl's three sons, Lords Dungarvan, Broghill, and Kinalmeaky. The estate enabled the Earl to raise a regiment of 1,000 foot and two troops of horse, sixty in each troop, which were taken into the king's pay. Lewis Boyle had been created in 1628 Baron of Bandon Bridge and Viscount Boyle of Kinalmeaky. He was killed in that battle, and upon his death his titles devolved onto the earldom of Cork. The Earl of Cork had five sons. Roger, the third, was his ablest son, created Lord Broghill in 1628 and Earl of Orrery in 1666. Francis, the fourth, was created Viscount Shannon in 1660. The fifth was Robert Boyle, the celebrated philosopher and chemist. The Earl of Cork died in 1643.

6. Bertridge's Almshouse rebuilt for seven old Protestant soldiers

   Cork · city · Cork · 1718–1719

   Captain Robert Bertridge's foundation, originally established circa 1680, supported seven old soldiers with weekly pay and clothing. A new building was constructed in Cork beginning July 5, 1718 and finished September 21, 1719, raised on stone arches built at the private charge of Brigadier-General Sterne, Alderman Edward Knap, and others.

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   and incommodious, for want of air; resolved, for their advantage, to dispose of the ground whereon they dwelt to the highest bidder, and with the produce to build a more convenient house for their reception. In order to which the corporation took a piece of ground from the trustees of the Green Coat Hospital at an easy rent of 20s. per annum, or the clothing of a child yearly, in the same. The old ground being sold for £yo per annum, as much money was raised at six per cent as completed the building, where seven aged persons of each sex are lodged. This work was begun on the 5th of July, 17 18, and finished on the 21st of September, 17 19, although carried on through many difficulties. This charitable foundation is raised on stone arches or piazzas, which were built at the private charge of Brigadier-General Sterne, Alderman Edward Knap, and three or four more ; they give both strength and beauty to the edifice, and are of real convenience to the old people. This building cost;^i,i5o.

   As an addition to this foundation, there are twelve aged

   Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 213

   As the companion tells it

   Passing through Cork, Bertridge's Almshouse is worth hearing about. Captain Robert Bertridge founded it around 1680 to support seven old Protestant soldiers with weekly pay and clothing. By 1718, the old building had become incommodious for want of air. The corporation resolved to sell the ground to the highest bidder and use the money to build something better. They took a piece of ground from the trustees of the Green Coat Hospital at an easy rent of 20 shillings per annum, or the clothing of a child yearly. The old ground was sold, and enough money was raised at six per cent to finish the building, where seven aged persons of each sex are lodged. The work began on the 5th of July, 1718, and was finished on the 21st of September, 1719, carried on through many difficulties. The building was raised on stone arches, built at the private charge of Brigadier-General Sterne, Alderman Edward Knap, and three or four more. These arches gave both strength and beauty to the edifice, and were of real convenience to the old people. The building cost 1,150 pounds.

7. Bishop Berkeley's artistic legacy at Cloyne palace

   Cloyne · town · Cork · 1733–1753

   The episcopal palace at Cloyne was rebuilt by Bishop Crow and later became a centre of painting and music under Bishop George Berkeley. The palace housed works by Rubens, Van Dyke, and Kneller, inspiring a cultural emulation among neighbouring gentlemen.

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   The episcopal house was rebuilt by Bishop Crow, in which he died ; and the late Dr. George Berkeley, when bishop of this See, successfully transplanted the polite arts, which before flourished only in a warmer soil, to this northern climate. Painting and music are no longer strangers to Ireland, nor confined to Italy. In the episcopal palace of Cloyne the eye was entertained with a great variety of good paintings, as well as the ear with concerts of excellent music. There were here some pieces of the best masters : as a Magdalen of Sir Peter Paul Rubens, some heads by Van Dyke and Kneller, besides several good paintings performed in the house ; an example so happy that it has diffused itself into the adjacent gentlemen's houses, and there is at present a pleasing emulation raised in this country to vie with each other in these kind of performances. The great usefulness of design in the manufacture of stuffs, silks, diapers, damasks, tapestry, embroidery, earthenware, sculpture, architecture, cabinet-work, and an infinite number of other arts, is sufficiently evident.

   In Cloyne is a small castle, said to have been erected by the Fitz- Geralds. To the N. W. of the town is a reputed holy well, dedicated to St. Coleman, who was the ancient patron of Imokilly ; it is visited by the Irish on the 24th of November, being the patron day of that saint Near the church stands a round tower, ninety-two feet high, and ten feet diameter. The door is about thirteen feet from the ground, which faces the west entrance of the church, as all the doors of these kind of buildings do that I have yet seen. Concerning the true use of these towers I shall say something in another place. The soil in this neighbourhood is a loamy, grey earth, mixed with sand, affording plenty of wheat, small barley, and potatoes. The chief manure is sea-sand and burnt clay, of which hereafter.

   Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 61

   As the companion tells it

   Cloyne is a town the road passes through. The episcopal palace here was rebuilt by Bishop Crow, who died in it. Later, the late Dr. George Berkeley, when bishop of this see, brought the polite arts to what the writer calls, in his words, "this northern climate." Painting and music, he says, were no longer strangers to Ireland, nor confined to Italy. In the palace, the eye was entertained with a great variety of good paintings, and the ear with concerts of excellent music. There were pieces by the best masters: a Magdalen by Sir Peter Paul Rubens, some heads by Van Dyke and Kneller, besides several good paintings performed in the house itself. This example spread into the adjacent gentlemen's houses, and a pleasing emulation was raised in the country to vie with each other in these kinds of performances. The writer also notes the great usefulness of design in the manufacture of stuffs, silks, diapers, damasks, tapestry, embroidery, earthenware, sculpture, architecture, cabinet-work, and many other arts. Near the church stands a round tower, ninety-two feet high and ten feet in diameter. Its door is about thirteen feet from the ground, facing the west entrance of the church. The writer says all the doors of these buildings he has seen do the same. A small castle here is said to have been erected by the Fitz-Geralds. To the northwest of the town is a holy well dedicated to St. Coleman, the ancient patron of Imokilly. The Irish visit it on the 24th of November, the patron day of that saint.

8. Bishop Crow's charity school at Cloyne

   Cloyne · town · Cork · 1727–1841

   By a deed of 1727, the widow of Bishop Crow transferred lands called the Small Burgery and Bohermore in trust to fund a charity. A school-house was built in the principal street of Cloyne clothing, maintaining, and educating ten Protestant boys. By 1841 the charity had been abused and the school had fallen into a miserable state.

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   Pp' 93-4> note 30.* By a deed dated 3rd July, 1727, the widow of Bishop Crow made over the lands called the Small Burgery, and the lands of Bohermore, in trust to Squire and Atkin, to carry out the intentions declared by the will of her husband. The bequeathed estate produced, in 1810, ;&i6s per annum, and the charity was then well managed. A convenient school-house was built in the principal street of Cloyne, and ten Protestant boys were clothed, maintained, and educated. — Bennet MSS.

   In 1 841 this charity seems to have been abused, and the Rev. Wm. Rogers exerted himself to improve matters, and represented with effect the miserable state into which this school had fallen (through neglect of the previous trustees and improper conduct of the master), to the Rev. Geo. E. Cotter, the treasurer of the cathedral. The gross income was then ;fi^205 7s. 2d,, liable to poor rate and other abatements.

   Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 78

   As the companion tells it

   In the town of Cloyne, a charity school once stood in the principal street. It began with a deed dated the 3rd of July, 1727. The widow of Bishop Crow transferred lands called the Small Burgery and the lands of Bohermore in trust to Squire and Atkin, to carry out the intentions declared by her husband's will. A convenient school-house was built, and ten Protestant boys were clothed, maintained, and educated there. By 1810 the bequeathed estate produced 16 pounds per annum, and the charity was then well managed. But by 1841 the charity had been abused. The Reverend William Rogers exerted himself to improve matters and represented the miserable state into which the school had fallen, through neglect of the previous trustees and improper conduct of the master, to the Reverend George E. Cotter, treasurer of the cathedral. The gross income was then 205 pounds, 7 shillings and 2 pence, liable to poor rate and other abatements.

9. Blarney Castle demesne lands and castles of Muskerry, 1600

   near Blarney · townland · Cork · 1600

   A 1600 Lambeth manuscript lists the demesne lands, freeholder lands, and castles belonging to the Lord of Muskry, including Blarney, Kilcrea, Mocrompy, Carignyvar, Carrigdrohid, and Carrignymuck. The Lord held dozens of quarters of land north and south of the River Lee, with castles assigned to various family members for life terms.

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   "The names of the Castles belonging to the L. or Chieftain of Muskry: The " Castell of Blarney, Kilcrea, Mocrompy, and Carignyvar, now in possession. Castell- " ny-hinshy, wd Cormocke's mother for terme of life. Castellmore wd Kallaghan MTeig, *• for term of life. Carrigdrohid, with dame Johan Butler for life. Rem. to L. Muskry. *• The castle, town, and lands of Carrignymuck ordered to Kallaghan Mac Teig to hold " of him and his heirs male for ever, for the reservation of a rose or a grain of wheat "by the year. By me, Don. M'Cormocke Carty."

   Endorsed —

   Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 105

   As the companion tells it

   Somewhere around here, a manuscript from 1600 listed the castles belonging to the Lord of Muskry. Blarney was one, along with Kilcrea, Mocrompy, and Carignyvar, all then in his possession. Others were held by family for their lifetimes. Castellnyhinshy went to Cormocke's mother. Castellmore went to Kallaghan MacTeig. Carrigdrohid went to Dame Johan Butler, with reversion to the Lord of Muskry. Carrignymuck was different: the castle, town, and lands were granted to Kallaghan MacTeig and his heirs male forever, for the reservation of a rose or a grain of wheat by the year. The list was signed by Don. M'Cormocke Carty.

10. Blarney Castle, seat of the Earls of Clancarty

    near Blarney · townland · Cork · 1641

    Blarney was a very strong castle and noble seat of the Earls of Clancarty, who forfeited a great estate in Cork for adhering to King James. The estate was forfeited in the 1641 wars by Donough Lord Muskery but mostly restored by the Act of Settlement.

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    „. Blarney was a very strong castle, and noble seat of the

    arney. Earls of Clancarty, who forfeited a great estate in this

    Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 93

    As the companion tells it

    Close to Blarney stands a very strong castle, the noble seat of the Earls of Clancarty. Donough Lord Muskery forfeited a great estate here in the 1641 wars for adhering to King James. Much of it was later restored by the Act of Settlement.

11. Bog of Kilcrea, wolves and drainage history

    Kilcrea · townland · Cork · 1656–1705

    The bog of Kilcrea, formerly woody, bushy, and impassable, was frequented by wolves until about thirty years before the author's writing, greatly annoying nearby inhabitants. A 1656 inquest survey documented its condition, which persisted until around 1705 when drainage began after the Earl of Clancarty's forfeiture.

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    1 crea og. Q^^yy^ formerly very incommodious and unprofitable, the middle of it being woody, bushy, and very deep, quite inaccessible, and edged on the E. and W. with red bogs ; and, till about thirty years ago, frequented by wolves, to the great annoyance of the adjacent inhabitants. This description of it was returned by an inquest of jurors, on a commission of survey, ann. 1656, and so it continued in the same condition till about the year 1705. It was the domain estate of the Earl of Clancarty ; and when he set the adjacent lands by lease, he always inserted a clause of reservation of the whole bog to himself, whenever he should go about to drain it ; giving them, in the meantime, liberty of pasturage, ploughbote, &c. But it might have remained long undrained if the last Earl had not forfeited it. When the trustees sold the adjacent lands, parcels of the bog were sold with them, having natural bounds of rivulets, &c., to distinguish them. It was a very bold attempt to begin to drain it by any private gentleman, yet John Bailey, esq., of Castlemore,<3o> having the

    (30) The following account of this great work is given us by George Rye, esq., of Ryecourt, in his Considerations on Agriculture^ p. 81, etc., as follows : —

    Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 100

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere around here lies the bog of Kilcrea. It was once woody, bushy, and very deep, quite inaccessible, edged on the east and west with red bogs. Wolves frequented it until about thirty years before the author's writing, to the great annoyance of the nearby inhabitants. In 1656, an inquest of jurors on a commission of survey returned this description of the bog, and so it continued in the same condition until about the year 1705. It was the domain estate of the Earl of Clancarty. When he leased the adjacent lands, he always reserved the whole bog to himself for whenever he should go about to drain it, giving the tenants liberty of pasturage and ploughbote in the meantime. But it might have remained long undrained if the last Earl had not forfeited it. When the trustees sold the adjacent lands, parcels of the bog were sold with them, distinguished by natural bounds of rivulets. It was a very bold attempt to begin to drain it by any private gentleman, yet John Bailey of Castlemore, having the adjacent lands, undertook it.

12. Buttevant's ancient walls and Franciscan abbey ruins

    Buttevant · town · Cork · 1272–1307

    Buttevant, formerly an ancient corporation governed by a mayor and aldermen, had town walls whose remains and traces of an outer wall can still be seen. The town suffered greatly in the last plague of Ireland. David de Barry founded the Franciscan abbey in the reign of Edward I, and his tomb remains in the choir opposite the great altar.

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    by the Irish and Spenser "Kilnemullagh," was formerly an ancient corporation, being once governed by a mayor and alderman, but by the wars, gone to decay ; and it is said to have suffered greatly in the last plague of Ireland. There are still to be seen the remains of a wall that surrounded the town ; and they also show the traces of an outward wall which enclosed the other, and took up a considerable circuit of ground. In this place are the remains of a sumptuous ruin of the ancient abbey of Friars Minors, founded by David de Barry, in the reign of King Edward I., who lies buried therein ; he was lord justice of Ireland, and his tomb still remains in the choir, opposite the great altar. The walls of the choir, with the nave of the church and several other buildings, remain entire ; also the steeple, which is a high square tower, erected on a fine gothic arch ; to the south is St. Mary's Chapel, in which are several tombs of the ancient Irish families, viz. — the Barrys, the Magners, FitzGeralds, Prendergasts, O'Callaghans, Donegans, Meads, Bowlings, and Healys. In this chapel are the remains of an altar, and two others in the nave of the church on each side of the choir ; in which are other tombs of the Barrys, Nagles, Lombards, and Supples ; also one of a later date, of Mr Richard Morgan, who died October 15, 1748, in the 107th year of his age. This man lived above seventy years at Castle- Pooky, near Doneraile ; he had been clerk of the crown and peace for this county in King James's time, never ate salt

    Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 165

    As the companion tells it

    The town of Buttevant was once an ancient corporation, governed by a mayor and aldermen, but wars brought it to decay. The Irish called it Kilnemullagh. It is said to have suffered greatly in the last plague of Ireland. You can still see the remains of the wall that surrounded the town, and the traces of an outward wall that enclosed the other, taking up a considerable circuit of ground. In this place are the remains of the ancient abbey of Friars Minors, founded by David de Barry in the reign of King Edward the First. David de Barry was lord justice of Ireland, and he lies buried in the choir, opposite the great altar. His tomb is still there. The walls of the choir remain, with the nave of the church and several other buildings. The steeple stands, a high square tower erected on a fine gothic arch. To the south is Saint Mary's Chapel, where several tombs of ancient Irish families can be found: the Barrys, the Magners, the FitzGeralds, the Prendergasts, the O'Callaghans, the Donegans, the Meads, the Bowlings, and the Healys. The remains of an altar are in the chapel, and two more stand in the nave on each side of the choir, where other tombs hold the Barrys, the Nagles, the Lombards, and the Supples. There is also a later tomb, that of Richard Morgan, who died on October 15, 1748, in the 107th year of his age. He lived above seventy years at Castle-Pooky, near Doneraile, and had been clerk of the crown and peace for this county in King James's time.

13. Captain Ponel's silver boat gift to Youghal corporation

    Youghal · town · Cork

    Captain Thomas Ponel gave the Youghal Corporation a silver boat holding three noggins, to be drunk full at mayoral feasts with the toast 'Captain Ponel dead or alive.' This loving-cup was a notable civic benefaction.

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    (5) Under the same date there is in the Cooke MS. a record of this gift. " Captn. " Thomas Ponel gave this Corporation a silver boat, which holds three noggins, which " is to be drank full at the usiial feasts of the Mayors, by each of the Company, before *• he parts, with the usual toast, * Captain Ponel dead or alive.' "

    (6) Journal Royal Soc. Antiq. Ireland,

    Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 48

    As the companion tells it

    Youghal holds a civic gift recorded in the Cooke manuscript. Captain Thomas Ponel gave the Corporation a silver boat, which holds three noggins. It is to be drank full at the usual feasts of the Mayors, by each of the Company, before he parts, with the usual toast, 'Captain Ponel dead or alive.'

14. Carrigadrohid Castle on the River Lee

    Carrigadrohid · townland · Cork · 1641

    Carrigadrohid Castle sits on a steep rock in the middle of the River Lee, reportedly built by the Mac Carty family or the Learys, with its romantic situation chosen by Lady O'Carroll. The castle and bridge formed a significant military pass during the wars of 1641 and remain in good repair.

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    Mount Rivers Mount Rivers, in the same parish, the house and im- * provements of John Whiting, esq., commands a fair prospect to the south. Near it, a large human skull, almost double the common size, was some time ago dug up. Three miles E. of Macroomp stands the castle of Carrigadrohid, built on a steep rock, in the middle of the river Lee, by one of the Mac Carty family. It is said this romantic situation was the choice of the Lady O'CarroU, wife to Mac Carty, yet others say it was built by the Learys. This bridge and castle formed a noted pass in the wars of 1641, and were often taken and recovered by the contending forces. It is in good repair, and inhabited by John Bowen, esq. The way from this to Macroomp leads through a deep, gloomy hollow way, called Glin-caum, t.e., "the crooked glen"; on either hand is a perfect wall of steep craggy rocks, covered in some places \vith oak, ash, and birch, at the roots of which grow polypody in plenty, also a good quantity of the adianthum nigrum and trichomanes.

    To the south of this hollow way stands the high tower of

    Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 96

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere close to Carrigadrohid, a castle stands on a steep rock in the middle of the River Lee. It was built by one of the Mac Carty family. The romantic situation of it is said to have been the choice of Lady O'Carroll, wife to Mac Carty, though others say it was the Learys who built it. This bridge and castle formed a noted pass in the wars of 1641, and were often taken and recovered by the contending forces. The castle was in good repair, and inhabited by John Bowen. Not far from it, at a place called Mount Rivers, a large human skull, almost double the common size, was some time ago dug up. The way from the castle toward Macroom leads through a deep, gloomy hollow called Glin-caum, meaning the crooked glen. On either hand is a perfect wall of steep craggy rocks, covered in some places with oak, ash, and birch, at the roots of which grow polypody in plenty, and a good quantity of maidenhair and fern.

15. Carrigrohane Castle lease to St. Leger (1590)

    near Carrigrohane · townland · Cork · 1590

    In 1590 Queen Elizabeth directed a lease be made to Sir Warham St. Leger for forty years, reserving the castle of Carrygrohan and its tenures. St. Leger was to repair the ruined walls of the castle and build a house with them.

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    " 1590. 32 Eliz. The Queen to Lord Deputy directs a lease ** to be made to Sir Richard Grenville, for forty years, of Gilley " and Fernioy, and also of certain lands to Sir Warham St. Leger, " mortgaged to her by the traitor Desmond, reserving the castle " of Carrygrohan and all its tenures due to her Majesty, and in "consideration of his repairing the ruined walls of the castle *' and building a house with them, the custody of it to Sir W. St. Leger." — {Rot, Cane.)

    R. C. "In the river Lee, near the Castle," says Smith, "are the fresh-water mussel. " * I have seen some of them as large as a pea.' " — R. C.

    Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 204

    As the companion tells it

    Close to Carrigrohane, in 1590, Queen Elizabeth directed her Lord Deputy to make a lease to Sir Richard Grenville for forty years of Gilley and Fernioy, and also certain lands to Sir Warham St. Leger, which had been mortgaged to her by the traitor Desmond. She reserved the castle of Carrygrohan and all its tenures due to her Majesty. In consideration of his repairing the ruined walls of the castle and building a house with them, the custody of it went to Sir Warham St. Leger.

16. Castlemartyr as Leper's-town and Ballyouteragh copper tradition

    Castlemartyr · townland · Cork

    Castlemartyr was anciently called Leper's-town, reportedly from a leper-house belonging to nearby Ballyouteragh. A tradition holds that Ballyouteragh was remarkable for a copper manufactory, though no copper ore exists nearby—only iron mines.

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    In the year 1663, it was incorporated by the interest of the first Earl of Orrery, who erected it into a borough^ with the nomination of the chief magistrate, recorder, town clerk, clerk of the market, and other proper officers, to the earl and his heirs for ever, and with a privilege of sending two members to parliament. It was anciently called Leper's-town, as it is said, from a leper-house belonging to an adjacent place, called Ballyouteragh, which was a village of some note ; and there is a tradition of its having been remarkable for a copper manufactory. Ballyouteragh, literally signifying "a town of braziers" ; yet there is no copper ore near this place, but iron mines almost everywhere round it. The old church is in ruins, 'and the site thereof removed to Castlemartyr, by act of parliament, where a new handsome church was erected on ground given by His Excellency Henry Boyle, esq. The high road from Cork to Youghal lay formerly more to the S. and ran by the castles of Ichtermurragh, Ballytotas, &c., of which road there are still several traces. But it has undergone another alteration from the Right Honourable Henry Boyle, late speaker of the House of Commons, who, at great expense, has laid out a fine level road, and erected a handsome stone bridge to the S. W. of the town. Here is an almshouse, founded by the first Earl of Orrery, for six poor men and as many women, who have a weekly allowance and clothing once a year ; the Lady Mary Boyle, mother to Henry Boyle, esq., bequeathed £100 to be put to interest towards buying them clothes.

    His excellency conveyed to the Incorporated Society two SchooT English acres of land for ever, valued at 4s. per acre, for the

    Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 57

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere around here is Castlemartyr, a place with an older name. It was anciently called Leper's-town, as it is said, from a leper-house belonging to an adjacent place called Ballyouteragh, which was a village of some note. There is a tradition of Ballyouteragh having been remarkable for a copper manufactory. The name Ballyouteragh literally signifies a town of braziers, yet there is no copper ore near this place, but iron mines almost everywhere round it. In the year 1663, Castlemartyr was incorporated by the interest of the first Earl of Orrery, who erected it into a borough with the nomination of the chief magistrate, recorder, town clerk, clerk of the market, and other proper officers, to the earl and his heirs for ever, and with a privilege of sending two members to parliament. The old church is in ruins, and the site thereof was removed to Castlemartyr by act of parliament, where a new handsome church was erected on ground given by His Excellency Henry Boyle. The high road from Cork to Youghal lay formerly more to the south and ran by the castles of Ichtermurragh, Ballytotas, and others, of which road there are still several traces. It has undergone another alteration from the Right Honourable Henry Boyle, late speaker of the House of Commons, who, at great expense, has laid out a fine level road and erected a handsome stone bridge to the south west of the town. Here is an almshouse, founded by the first Earl of Orrery, for 6 poor men and as many women, who have a weekly allowance and clothing once a year. The Lady Mary Boyle, mother to Henry Boyle, bequeathed 100 pounds to be put to interest towards buying them clothes.

17. Castlemary 'altar' is a ancient tomb

    Castlemary · townland · Cork

    What Smith mistook for a Druidic altar in the orchard of Mr. Longfield's demesne at Castlemary is in fact a sepulchral monument: a great covering stone fifteen feet long resting on rude supports, covering a chamber where a cinerary urn and ashes were placed. It may mark the grave of a sea-rover or local chieftain from pagan or early Christian times.

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    Castlemary. Concerning the " altar" in the orchard of Mr. Longfield's demesne, at Castlemary, Smith fell into the prevailing error of the times when he wrote, as he supposed it was one of those upon Which the religious ceremonials of the Druids were performed. More modern research has proved that this, like many similar structures in Ireland and elsewhere, was a place of sepulture — that the great " altar stone, fifteen feet long by eight inches in breadth," was only a covering stone, which had at one time rested upon smaller but equally rude supports, and that in the cist or chamber thus formed were placed the cinerary urn and the ashes of

    "Altar" at Castlemary.

    Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 72

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere around Castlemary, there is what Smith once called a Druid's altar. He saw it in the orchard of Mr. Longfield's demesne and supposed it was one of those on which the religious ceremonials of the Druids were performed. He was wrong. More modern research has shown it was a place of burial. The great altar stone, fifteen feet long, was only a covering stone, resting on smaller but equally rude supports. In the chamber beneath were placed the cinerary urn and the ashes of the dead. It may mark the grave of a sea-rover or a local chieftain from pagan or early Christian times.

18. Castlemore: chief seat of the Barretts and O'Neal's insult

    Castlemore · townland · Cork · 1600–1665

    Castlemore, in the northern extremity of the barony of Barretts, was the chief seat of the Barrett family; William Barrett of that place was created a baronet in 1665. The barony takes its name from the ancient English family Barrett, who had possessed their estate over 400 years when O'Neal, earl of Tyrone, marching by in 1600, dismissed them as English newcomers.

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    It takes its name from the ancient English family called Barrett ; of whom, it is said, that O'Neal, earl of Tyrone, anno 1600, when marching by Castlemore, near Mallow, on his progress to Kinsale, to resist the Spaniards, asked who lived in that castle ? And being told, one Barrett, who was a good Catholic, and his family possessed of that estate above 400 years, O'Neal swore, in Irish, " No matter, I hate the English churl, as if he came but yesterday."

    In the southern point of this barony (in the road leading from Cork

    Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 94

    As the companion tells it

    Close to Castlemore stood the chief seat of the Barrett family, who gave their name to the whole barony. In 1600, O'Neal, earl of Tyrone, marched by on his way to Kinsale to resist the Spaniards. He asked who lived in that castle. Told it was one Barrett, a good Catholic, whose family had held the estate above 400 years, O'Neal swore in Irish, "No matter, I hate the English churl, as if he came but yesterday." In 1665, William Barrett of Castlemore was created a baronet.

19. Castlesaffron and its saffron planting

    Castlesaffron · townland · Cork

    Castlesaffron, about a mile east of Doneraile, was named from large quantities of saffron formerly planted there, which the Irish greatly used for dyeing their shirts and other garments.

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    The parish of Doneraile is very large, and had in it formerly several chapels of ease, viz., at Roseagh, near Kilcoleman ; and another at Oldcourt, where there is a good house and improvements of Mr. Watkin. Castlesaffron About a mile east of Doneraile is Castlesaffron, so

    called from large quantities of it formerly planted here, being greatly used by the Irish for dyeing their shirts, etc ; adjoining to which

    Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 176

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere around here is Castlesaffron, about a mile east of Doneraile. It took its name from the large quantities of saffron once planted here. The Irish used saffron greatly for dyeing their shirts and other garments. The parish of Doneraile was very large, and formerly had several chapels of ease, at Roseagh near Kilcoleman and another at Oldcourt, where Mr. Watkin had a good house and improvements.

20. Christ Church Cork: oldest parish register in county

    Cork · city · Cork · 1643–1857

    Christ Church in Cork possessed the oldest parish register in the county, commencing July 26, 1643. It was found in a chest under the organ gallery in August 1857 by Dr. Caulfield, along with other church books.

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    " The register of this church is the oldest in the county. It commences 26th July, " 1643. I made a copy of it, and extracts from the parochial books down to the present "time (1864). In July, 1877, the vestry-room at the east end of Christ Church was " taken down, and a' new apse commenced." — R. C.

    This register is 17% inches long by 7 inches broad, and was kept in a chest in a small room under the organ gallery at Christ Church, where it was found with many other books belonging to the church in August, 1857, by the late Dr. Caulfield. Extracts from the most ancient of the parish books found in this chest occupy the forty-six first pages of this MS.

    Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 240

    As the companion tells it

    As you pass through Cork, Christ Church holds a record older than any parish register in the county. It begins on 26 July 1643. For years it lay hidden, kept in a chest in a small room under the organ gallery at Christ Church. There it stayed, gathering dust, until August 1857, when Dr. Caulfield found it, along with many other books belonging to the church. The register itself measures 17 and a half inches long by 7 inches broad. Extracts from the most ancient of the parish books found in that same chest fill the first 46 pages of a manuscript copy. The original vestry-room at the east end of Christ Church was taken down in July 1877, and a new apse begun.

21. Clangibbon and the White Knight

    Condons and Clangibbon · barony · Cork

    Clangibbon, formerly called Ive-le-bane or 'the White Knight's country,' takes its present name from Gilbert alias Gibbon. In Camden's time, the lord of this tract was John Fitz-Gerald, called the White Knight due to his grey hair.

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    Clangibbon. ^^^^ P^*^ called Condons, formerly possessions of O'Kief, belonging to Fermoy ; it was possessed afterwards by the Condons, or Cauntons, an English family. Clangibbon was formerly called Ive-le-bane, i.e,y " the white or fair territory," or, more properly, " the White Knight's country," and has its present denomination from Gilbert, alias Gibbon, commonly called the White Knight ; the lord of this tract in Cambden's time was John Fitz-Gerald, called John Oge Fitz- John Fitz-Gibbon, and, from the grey hair of his head, had, says Cambden,<") the name of the White Knight ; it is now mostly the estate of the Right Hon. the Lord Kingston, vide p. 21.

    Mitchelstown '^^^ principal place in this barony is Mitchelstown,

    Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 179

    As the companion tells it

    You're passing through the barony of Condons and Clangibbon. This tract was once called Ive-le-bane, meaning the white or fair territory, or more properly, the White Knight's country. It takes its present name from Gilbert, alias Gibbon, commonly called the White Knight. In Camden's time the lord here was John Fitz-Gerald, called John Oge Fitz-John Fitz-Gibbon. Camden says he had the name of the White Knight from the grey hair of his head. The land once belonged to the O'Kiefs of Fermoy, then passed to the Condons, or Cauntons, an English family. It is now mostly the estate of the Lord Kingston. Mitchelstown is the principal place in this barony.

22. Clonmene: castle, Austin friary, and Kyrle's ironworks

    Clonmeen · parish · Cork · 1641–1685

    Clonmene had a parish church and the remains of a castle ruined in the wars of 1641. According to Colgan, a monastery of Austin friars was anciently founded there by the O'Callaghans. After the wars, Sir Richard Kyrle settled there, erected ironworks, cut down vast woods, and improved the country before selling the estate to Richard Newman.

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    Clonmene. ^j^^ parish church ; and more east are the remains of the castle of Clonmene, ruined in the wars of 164 1. At Clonmene was anciently, according to Colgan, a monastery of Austin friars, founded by the O'Callaghans. After the wars Sir Richard Kyrle <3) settled at this place. He erected ironworks near it, cut down a vast tract of wood in this neighbourhood, and considerably improved the country. When the French threatened to invade the kingdom in 1666, this Sir Richard Kyrle offered Lord Orrery ^<> to raise a troop of sixty horse, of which his lordship informed the Duke of Ormond, and says the world had no better men than Sir Richard had, and that he knew him to be an excellent officer.^) This estate Sir Richard Kyrle sold to Richard Newman, esq.<^> The mountains here, that were formerly covered with wood, are now generally reclaimed ; but, where the land was bare of trees, it is, for the most part, become boggy and unprofitable. Beneath the turfy sod is a blueish, hard, cold gravel, scarce to be penetrated without much labour. Not far from Clonmene is the hill called Knockniclashy, celebrated for a defeat given to Donough, then Lord Muskery, who, with 4,000 Irish, was marching to raise the siege of Limerick, by the Lord Broghill, with 1,000 English, in July, 1651.

    ^ , ^ About two miles to the north of Clonmene is Castle

    Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 160

    As the companion tells it

    The parish of Clonmeen carries the marks of old trouble and old enterprise. There was a parish church here, and further east the remains of a castle, ruined in the wars of 1641. According to Colgan, a monastery of Austin friars was anciently founded at Clonmene by the O'Callaghans. After the wars, Sir Richard Kyrle settled at this place. He erected ironworks near it, cut down a vast tract of wood in the neighbourhood, and considerably improved the country. When the French threatened to invade the kingdom in 1666, Sir Richard Kyrle offered Lord Orrery to raise a troop of 60 horse. Lord Orrery informed the Duke of Ormond, and said the world had no better men than Sir Richard had, and that he knew him to be an excellent officer. Sir Richard Kyrle then sold this estate to Richard Newman. The mountains here were formerly covered with wood and are now generally reclaimed. But where the land was bare of trees, it has for the most part become boggy and unprofitable. Beneath the turfy sod is a blueish, hard, cold gravel, scarce to be penetrated without much labour. Not far from Clonmene is the hill called Knockniclashy, celebrated for a defeat given to Donough, then Lord Muskery, who with 4,000 Irish was marching to raise the siege of Limerick, by the Lord Broghill, with 1,000 English, in July 1651.

23. Cloyne cave and its wild traditions

    Cloyne · town · Cork

    A cave of unknown depth lies at the end of the garden attached to the bishop's palace at Cloyne, traditionally believed to have sheltered the first inhabitants of the town. The Irish name 'cluain' is said to mean a cave or place of retirement, and the site was sanctified by numerous wild traditions; Catholic neighbours were allowed to walk to the cave on Sundays.

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    " separated as well as surrounded by shrubberies, which contain some pretty winding " walks, and one large one — of nearly a quarter of a mile long — adorned for great parts " of its length by a hedge of myrtles, six feet high, planted by Berkeley's own hand, and " which had each of them a large ball of tar put to their roots. AC the end of the " garden is what we call the rock shrubbery — a walk leading under young trees, among "sequestered crags of limestone, which hang many feet above our heads, and ending " at the mouth of a cave of unknown length and depth, branching to a great distance " under the earth, and sanctified by a thousand wild traditions, and which, I have no " doubt, sheltered the first wild

    Entrance Cloyne Cathedral,

    Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 72

    As the companion tells it

    The town of Cloyne holds a cave at the end of the garden attached to the bishop's palace. The garden has a walk nearly a quarter of a mile long, adorned by a hedge of myrtles six feet high, planted by Berkeley's own hand, each with a large ball of tar put to their roots. The walk leads under young trees among sequestered crags of limestone hanging many feet above, ending at the mouth of a cave of unknown length and depth, branching to a great distance under the earth. The Irish name cluain is said to mean a cave or place of retirement. The cave is sanctified by a thousand wild traditions, and is believed to have sheltered the first inhabitants of the town. Catholic neighbours were allowed to walk to the cave on Sundays.

24. Copper dragon from Cork Exchange stolen and mutilated

    Cork · city · Cork · 1858–1865

    When the Exchange was taken down, its stones were used for building the lower steeple at St. Peter's church. A copper gilt dragon was sent to the Cork Institution, stolen in 1858, recovered minus its tail, stolen again, and finally sold as lumber in 1865.

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    Page 385. Exchange. The stones when the Exchange was taken down were used for building the lower part of the steeple at St. Peter's church. Dr. Caulfield states that at the same time the dragon, referred to by Smith, was sent to the Cork Institution, where it remained in the hall for some years, but was stolen in the year 1858, and was recovered with the loss of his tall. A woman subsequently stole it, but it was again recovered, minus this time its head. The mutilated trunk was sold as lumber in 1865. It was made of copper, and thickly gilt, which seems to have excited the cupidity of the several thieves.

    Page 389. Quays, The Corporation of Cork, in 1688, granted to Timothy Tuckey, Alderman, the quay, afterwards called Tuckey's Quay, in consideration of his having (when he was mayor) entertained the Duke of Ormond, lord lieutenant of Ireland, at an expense of ;6so. He was mayor in 1677 and 1678, being eight years before he received the recompense. According to tradition he was offered and refused knighthood. Carte, in his Life of the Duke of Orfnondy says nothing of his stopping at Cork in 1678. Qucere, — Are there any memorials in Kilkenny castle of the Duke's visit to Cork at that time ? On a former visit he stopped at the Bishop's.

    Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 244

    As the companion tells it

    Cork holds the remains of a building called the Exchange. When the Exchange was taken down, its stones were used for building the lower part of the steeple at St. Peter's church. At the same time, a dragon that had been referred to by Smith was sent to the Cork Institution. It stayed there in the hall for some years. It was made of copper and thickly gilt, which seems to have excited the cupidity of the several thieves who came after it. The dragon was stolen in the year 1858 and recovered, but with the loss of its tail. A woman subsequently stole it, and it was again recovered, minus this time its head. What remained, the mutilated trunk, was sold as lumber in 1865. So a copper gilt dragon that had once topped the Exchange passed through the hands of thieves and ended up sold for scrap, piece by piece, its tail gone, its head gone, its gilded skin the thing that drew every hand that took it.

25. Defence of Borris House against insurgents

    Borris · town · Carlow · 1798

    On 25 May 1798, Borris House was defended by the Borris Yeomanry under Captain Kavanagh against approximately 5,000 insurgents, resulting in the repulse of the assailants.

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    25th May. Defence of Borris House by Borris Yeomanry, under Captain Kavanagh, against about 5,000 insurgents. Repulse of the assailants.

    25th May. Some yeomanry took part in the successful defence of Carlow.

    Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 284

    As the companion tells it

    Borris, in Carlow, saw fighting in 1798. On the 25th of May, the Borris Yeomanry under Captain Kavanagh defended Borris House against about 5,000 insurgents. The assailants were repulsed. That same day, some yeomanry also took part in the successful defence of Carlow.

26. Doneraile parish church, built 1633, rebuilt 1726

    Doneraile · townland · Cork · 1633–1726

    Doneraile's neat parish church, with a spire, gilded ball, and weathercock, was first built in 1633 by Sir William St. Leger, then lord president of Munster, and rebuilt in 1726 by Arthur Lord Viscount Doneraile. A black marble inscription over the east door records this history.

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    •' This church was first built by the Right Hon. Sir William St Leger, then lord president of Munster, ana. dom. 1633, and afterwards was rebuilt by the Right Hon^ Arthur Lord Viscount Doneraile, ann. dom. 1726."

    This church is lightsome and very neatly pewed. To the north-east stands a small grove ; and near it are the ruins of the castle where the above-mentioned Sir William St. Leger <8> kept his presidency court, and had a fine house and noble park adjoining ; but the house was burnt down by the Irish, anno 1645.

    Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 175

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere around here stands Doneraile parish church. It was first built in 1633 by Sir William St. Leger, then lord president of Munster, and rebuilt in 1726 by Arthur Lord Viscount Doneraile. A black marble inscription over the east door records this. The church is lightsome and neatly pewed. A small grove stands nearby, and near it are the ruins of a castle where Sir William St. Leger kept his presidency court, with a fine house and noble park adjoining. That house was burnt down by the Irish in 1645.

27. Doneraile Rangers pledge to assist magistrates against mobs, 1792

    Doneraile · townland · Cork · 1792

    The Doneraile Rangers, a volunteer corps active from at least 1782, held a meeting on 19 December 1792 in which they elected new members and resolved to assist local magistrates in quelling any lawless or riotous mob disturbing the peace of the neighbourhood. This was the last recorded entry in their Order Book.

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    "Resolved unanimously — That we will assist the magistrates, if called upon, to quell any lawless or riotous mob, should any such mob meet to disturb the present peace of this neighbourhood. " Doneraile, Chairfnan.

    "N. G. Evans."

    Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 192

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere around here, in 1792, the Doneraile Rangers met for the last entry in their Order Book. They resolved unanimously to assist the magistrates, if called upon, to quell any lawless or riotous mob that might meet to disturb the peace of this neighbourhood. N. G. Evans signed. That was the last the book recorded of them.

28. Donough Mac Carty of Kanturk killed by Tyrone

    Kanturk · town · Cork · 1598–1611

    Donough Mac Carty of Kanturk was killed by Tyrone in that rebellion, and all his lands in Duhallow were seized by his kinsman Dermod Mac Owen Carty. Cormac Mac Carty, the right heir and then an infant, petitioned King James I on January 24th, 1611, and was restored to his estate by the Lord Deputy Chichester.

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    (3) Donough Mac Carty, of Kanturk, was killed by Tyrone in that rebellion, and all his lands in Duhallow were seized by his kinsman, Dermod Mac Owen Carty, who was concerned in aiding Tyrone ; Cormac Mac Carty, the right heir, being then an infant. But, January 24th, 161 1, he petitioned King James I., who restored him to his estate, the Lord Deputy Chichester being made judge of the affair.— if/55. Sir Richard Cox, in an old Council Book,

    282 THE ANCIENT AND PRESENT STATE OF

    Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 160

    As the companion tells it

    In the town of Kanturk, Donough Mac Carty was killed by Tyrone in that rebellion. All his lands in Duhallow were seized by his kinsman Dermod Mac Owen Carty, who had aided Tyrone. Cormac Mac Carty was the right heir, but he was an infant then. On January 24th, 1611, he petitioned King James the First, who restored him to his estate. The Lord Deputy Chichester was made judge of the affair.

29. Douglas cemetery grave of Richard Millikin

    near Douglas · townland · Cork · 1815–1893

    Richard Millikin, poet who wrote 'The Groves of Blarney,' is buried in Douglas cemetery adjoining the south wall of the church. His altar tomb inscription, weathered for seventy-five years, was re-cut on its gritstone slab; he died 16 December 1815.

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    Douglas has, however, another and sadder interest to many of the citizens of Cork. Since the city burial-grounds have been closed up, its peaceful and beautifully-situated cemetery has been twice enlarged, and within its precincts rest all that is mortal of many whose names will long live in the memory of Corkmen — of its most successful merchants and of its most brilliant and learned men. Here adjoining the south wall of the church rests Richard Millikin, who wrote the "Groves of Blarney," " The Riverside : a poem," etc., etc. The inscription is upon an altar tomb, which seventy-five years of storm and sunshine, frost and rain, had all but obliterated until some loving hand had the letters re-cut upon its hard gritstone slab : —

    " Reader,

    Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 203

    As the companion tells it

    Close to Douglas there is a cemetery, peaceful and beautifully placed, where many of Cork's citizens have been laid to rest since the old city burial-grounds closed. Near the south wall of the church lies Richard Millikin, the poet who wrote "The Groves of Blarney" and "The Riverside." His name is carved on an altar tomb. For 75 years, storm and sunshine, frost and rain, had all but erased the letters, until some loving hand had them re-cut into the hard gritstone slab. The stone begins, "Reader," and then the rest is what weather could not take after it was restored. He died on 16 December 1815.

30. Drainage of the great red bog on the river Bride

    Castlemore · townland · Cork · 1705–1710

    Beginning in the summer of 1705, Mr. Bailey undertook the drainage of about 200 acres of a dangerous shaking morass and ancient wood-bog near the river Bride, continued by Mr. Sweet and Mr. French with immense labour. The bog, once a harbour for wolves and tories in 1649, was rendered drained, firm, and civilized.

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    ** of the grand canal, where one might ride above a mile, on a straight bank, of a mos ; " beautiful canal, having woods on each side. But death put a period to his designst *'yet this harbour for wolves and tories, so formidable in the year 1649, is now free of " both, and so drained and civilized that there is neither shelter for the one or the "other. In the same manner, in half an age, most of the fastnesses of Ireland will " probably be destroyed, and the most barbarous parts rendered pleasant, profitable, " and habitable."

    (3O Anfy'g. Brit, p. 448-449.

    Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 101

    As the companion tells it

    Close to Castlemore, the great red bog on the river Bride was a harbour for wolves and tories in 1649. In 1705, Mr. Bailey began draining about 200 acres of this dangerous shaking morass and ancient wood-bog. Mr. Sweet and Mr. French continued with immense labour. A canal with woods on each side let one ride above a mile on a straight bank, but death ended the designs. The bog is now drained and civilized, free of both. "In half an age, most of the fastnesses of Ireland will probably be destroyed, and the most barbarous parts rendered pleasant, profitable, and habitable."

31. Drishane castle built by Dermot Mac Carty, forfeited 1641

    Drishane · townland · Cork · 1448–1641

    Drishane, a high castle about a mile east of Millstreet, was built by Dermot Mac Carty, son of Teige Lord Muskery, who died in 1448. In 1641 Donogh Mac Carty joined the Irish rebellion and forfeited the estate.

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    1 s ree . ^j^^ j^^^ village of any consequence in this part of the barony. The new turnpike road from Cork to Kerry runs through it, being carried over the Boggra mountain. A new barrack, and some manufactures in the linen trade intended to be set up here, will soon make it a place of some note. About a mile to the east is Drishane, a high castle built by Dermot Mac Carty, son to Teige Lord Muskery, who died in 1448. In 1641 Donogh Mac Carty joined the Irish, and forfeited this estate. Near the castle is a new handsome house of the late William Wallis, esq., who had considerably improved this part of the country, by manuring with lime, enclosing, planting, etc. Having mentioned everything considerable in this barony, on the north side of the river Lee, I shall return south, to Macroomp, and finish an account of that part of it lying on the south side of the river.<»7>

    (37) The Lee runs through the centre of the barony of Muskery, dividing it into two parts, north and south. The north part (above described) is bounded on the west by the lands of Glanerought and Glanflesk, in Kerry ; and towards the north-west, it extends to the Blackwater, which divides it from Duhallow. A part of which being on the south of that river, bounds it till it meets with the barony of Barretts, which divides

    Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 98

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere around here is Drishane, a high castle built by Dermot Mac Carty, son to Teige Lord Muskery, who died in 1448. In 1641 Donogh Mac Carty joined the Irish and forfeited the estate. The castle was built by one Mac Carty and lost by another, nearly two hundred years apart. Near the castle stood a new handsome house of the late William Wallis, who had considerably improved this part of the country by manuring with lime, enclosing, and planting. The village nearby was the only one of any consequence in this part of the barony. The new turnpike road from Cork to Kerry runs through it, carried over the Boggra mountain. A new barrack stood there, and some manufactures in the linen trade were intended to be set up. The author thought these would soon make the village a place of some note. The Lee runs through the centre of the barony of Muskery, dividing it into two parts, north and south. The north part is bounded on the west by the lands of Glanerought and Glanflesk in Kerry, and extends north-west to the Blackwater, which divides it from Duhallow.

32. Druid legend and origin of the name Fermoy

    Fermoy · townland · Cork

    A local tradition, still believed in the area, held that the king of Munster bestowed Fermoy upon an eminent Druid for stopping the sun to secure a victory. Locals derived the name "Fermoy" from this act of synderosis.

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    Keating also says, (p. 264) that this country was bestowed, by Fiachadh Muileeathan, king of Munster, upon an eminent Druid, for delivering his army out of the power of his enemy. This fable is still believed and reported in this country ; and all their antiquaries add, it was given to this Druid for causing the sun to stand still, an hour or two, till the above-named monarch's forces gained the victory ; and so by synderosis, they will have it called Fermoy. But this country was also named Armoy, i,e, the " fresh field," and sometimes Urmagh, which has the same signification. This territory, after the conquest, was granted to Fleming, and, by the marriage of his daughter Amy, came to the Roches, or de Rupe, who were Lords Viscount Fermoy, and anciently Barons of Poole-castle, alias Castlelough ; and all this tract is yet called Roche's country .<3^ Another part of the ancient Fermoy, now Condons and Clangibbon,^7) was, after the conquest, granted to the Cantons, alias Condons, one of whom was called Baron of Ballyderawne, now a ruined castle, near the exit of the river Araglin. Orrery, after the English conquest, was possessed by the Barrys, from whom, in old records, it has been called Orriria-Barria. They had several castles in this tract, which they held till the general rebellion of 1641. The northern parts of it, near Limerick, were possessed mostly by the Fitz-Geralds, till the same time.

    (35) Keating, p. 54S.

    Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 20

    As the companion tells it

    Close to Fermoy, there is an old story that people here long believed and still told in Keating's day. The king of Munster, Fiachadh Muileeathan, bestowed this country upon an eminent Druid, for delivering his army out of the power of his enemy. The local antiquaries went further. They said the Druid was given the land for causing the sun to stand still an hour or two, until the king's forces gained the victory. And so, by synderosis, they would have it called Fermoy. The country was also named Armoy, meaning the fresh field, and sometimes Urmagh, with the same signification. After the conquest, the territory was granted to Fleming, and by the marriage of his daughter Amy, it came to the Roches, or de Rupe, who were Lords Viscount Fermoy and anciently Barons of Poole-castle, also called Castlelough. All this tract is yet called Roche's country. Another part of ancient Fermoy, now Condons and Clangibbon, was granted to the Cantons, or Condons, after the conquest. One of them was called Baron of Ballyderawne, now a ruined castle near the exit of the river Araglin. Orrery was possessed by the Barrys, who held several castles there until the rebellion of 1641. The northern parts near Limerick were mostly held by the Fitz-Geralds until that same time.

33. Dunmanway estate ownership and suspected poisoning

    Dunmanway · town · Cork · 1670–1708

    The Dunmanway estate was owned by Col. Arnop and mortgaged to Chancellor Cox. Capt. Percy Arnop, who would have recovered the estate, died suddenly after breakfast at the Chancellor's house, with strong suspicions of poisoning. The estate's legal history involved contested claims, forged deeds, and multiple recoveries from 1670 to 1708.

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    '• Col. Amop, whose wife was Percy, owned the Dunmanway estate, which he mort- *' gaged to Chancellor Cox. His son, Capt. Percy Arnop, it is certain, would have *' recovered it, but dying suddenly after breakfast at the Chancellor's on a return from '• England — strong suspicions of being poisoned. A gentleman at the breakfast table •' said the Chancellor bid the servant hand a particular cup of chocolate to Mr. Arnop ; *' after drinking it he soon expired."

    M

    Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 152

    As the companion tells it

    The Dunmanway estate was owned by Col. Arnop, whose wife was Percy. He mortgaged it to Chancellor Cox. His son, Capt. Percy Arnop, would have recovered it, but died suddenly after breakfast at the Chancellor's house on a return from England, with strong suspicions of poisoning. A gentleman at the breakfast table said the Chancellor bid the servant hand a particular cup of chocolate to Mr. Arnop. After drinking it, he soon expired.

34. Dunscombe's Marsh drained and built upon

    Cork · city · Cork · 1670

    The eastern marsh of Cork, called Dunscombe's Marsh after its principal drainer, was filled in and built upon with good streets and houses facing canals. In 1670 the channel south of it was cut and the old quay began to be filled up.

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    mixed with old and new buildings, and as the former decay new ones rise in the modern taste. Most of these houses have balcony windows in the Spanish fashion, and are built of brick. The marshes which retain the names of the principal persons who drained and filled them up are mostly built upon ; that to the east called ** Dunscombe's Marsh," has several good streets and houses on it, particularly those facing the several canals. The western marsh is also daily building upon, it is called " Hamond's Marsh," and is laid out into streets. On the quays are several good private houses as well as warehouses. That called " The Abbey Quay" is well built, and planted with trees. The suburbs to the north is above a measured mile in length, particularly the street called " Mallow Lane," which is much frequented by country-people both for buying and selling their commodities. Blarney Lane is also of a great length, and in the same suburb, in which are an infinite number of slaughter-houses that make it very disagreeable. The south suburb is equally as large, but has not so much trade as the north. In this part the poorer sort of the inhabitants dwell. Their doors are thronged with children, who, notwithstanding their hard fare, coarse diet, and labour of the parents, are more strong, lusty and healthy, than children more tenderly reared.

    The quays of this city are very numerous, ^^^ yet ships

    Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 217

    As the companion tells it

    As the road passes through Cork, it crosses ground that was once marsh. The eastern marsh of the city was called Dunscombe's Marsh, after the man who drained and filled it. It now has several good streets and houses on it, particularly those facing the canals. The houses are built of brick, with balcony windows in the Spanish fashion. In 1670 the channel south of it was cut and the old quay began to be filled up. The western marsh, Hamond's Marsh, is also being built upon and laid out into streets. On the quays are good private houses and warehouses. The Abbey Quay is well built and planted with trees. The northern suburb runs above a measured mile. Mallow Lane is much frequented by country people for buying and selling their commodities. Blarney Lane is also of great length, and has an infinite number of slaughter-houses that make it very disagreeable. The south suburb is equally large but has not so much trade. The poorer sort dwell there. Their doors are thronged with children who, notwithstanding hard fare, coarse diet, and labour of the parents, are more strong, lusty and healthy than children more tenderly reared.

35. Father O'Mahony's tomb opposite Gougane Barra island

    near Gougane Barra · population centre · Cork · 1700–1728

    Opposite the island at Gougane Barra, on the mainland, stands Father O'Mahony's tomb in a small house bearing a Latin inscription dated 1700. Though the monument was erected in 1700, O'Mahony was not buried there until 1728.

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    the top of the mountain, tumbh'ng down all around in several cataracts, with a roaring noise like thunder, which makes a most awful and majestic scene. On the top of these precipices, eagles, hawks, and other birds of prey breed and live in great security. This place, since the time of St Finbar, has been frequented by many devotees as a place of pilgrimage ; and to get to it is little less than to perform one. In the island are the ruins of a chapel with some small cells, a sacristy, chamber, kitchen, and other conveniences, erected by a late recluse (Father O'Mahony), who lived a hermit in this dreary spot twenty-eight years. When one is in this island, the chasm in the mountain, by which the lake is entered, is not seen, occasioned by the jutting out of part of the hill ; so that if a person was carried into it blindfold, it would seem almost impossible, without the wings of an eagle, to get out, the mountains making as it were a wall of rocks some hundred yards high. Round part of the lake is a pleasant green bank, with a narrow causeway from it to the island. That part of the island unbuilt upon Father O'Mahony converted into a garden, planted several fruit trees in it with his own hands, and made it a luxurious spot for a hermit. Opposite to this island, on the continent, is his tomb, placed in a low little house, on which is this inscription : —

    " Hoc sibi et successoribus suis in eadem vocatione, monumentum imposuit " dominus Doctor Dyonisius O'Mahony, presbyter licet indignus. An. dom. 1700."

    Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 100

    As the companion tells it

    As you pass through Gougane Barra in Cork, the lake sits ringed by mountains, their rock faces rising some hundred yards high like a wall. Water tumbles down the precipices in several cataracts with a roaring noise like thunder. Eagles and hawks breed and live on the cliffs in great security. Since the time of St Finbar, devotees have come here on pilgrimage, and to reach the place is little less than to perform one. On the island are the ruins of a chapel, with small cells, a sacristy, chamber, kitchen, and other conveniences, erected by Father O'Mahony, who lived as a hermit in this spot for 28 years. The part of the island left unbuilt upon he converted into a garden, planting several fruit trees with his own hands, making it a luxurious spot for a hermit. Opposite the island, on the mainland, stands his tomb, placed in a low little house bearing a Latin inscription. It reads that Doctor Dyonisius O'Mahony, a priest albeit unworthy, set up this monument for himself and his successors in the same vocation, in the year 1700. Though the tomb bears that date, he was not buried there until 1728.

36. Foreign fleet sighted in Bantry Bay, 1796

    near Bantry Bay · bay · Cork · 1796

    In December 1796, intelligence reached Dublin Castle that a foreign fleet had been seen in Bantry Bay, prompting the Lord Lieutenant to march a considerable part of the army towards the south. The Doneraile Cavalry and other yeomanry corps were alerted and asked whether members would volunteer for extended service.

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    • *'Sir,— My Lord Lieutenant having judged it expedient to march a considerable part of the army towards the south, in consequence of intelligence that a foreign fleet has been seen in Bantry Bay, His Excellency has commanded me to communicate to you this information. Whilst His Excellency entertains the highest sense of your loyalty and zeal, he reposes at the same time an equal confidence in your discretion, and he trusts you will not risque the internal peace and protection of your neighbourhood by giving way to a laudable ardour for general service. If, however, real emergencies should arise which may induce you to think that a more extended service may be compatible with the security of your neighbourhood, I am to desire you will inform me whether any and what number of your corps would voluntarily offer on such an occasion, that the same may be signified to the General Officer Commanding in the district, and the necessary arrangements be made conformably.

    " I have the honour to be, etc., etc., " T. Pelham.

    Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 297

    As the companion tells it

    In December 1796, word reached Dublin Castle that a foreign fleet had been seen in Bantry Bay. The Lord Lieutenant judged it expedient to march a considerable part of the army towards the south. A letter went out from T. Pelham to the yeomanry corps, including the Doneraile Cavalry, communicating this intelligence. Pelham wrote that His Excellency entertained the highest sense of their loyalty and zeal, but reposed an equal confidence in their discretion. He trusted they would not risk the internal peace and protection of their neighbourhood by giving way to a laudable ardour for general service. If, however, real emergencies should arise which might induce them to think that a more extended service could be compatible with the security of their neighbourhood, Pelham desired they inform him whether any, and what number, of their corps would voluntarily offer on such an occasion. That information would be signified to the General Officer Commanding in the district, and the necessary arrangements made conformably.

37. Free school in Lombard castle at Buttevant

    Buttevant · town · Cork

    A free school in Buttevant was founded by Frances Lady Lanesborough, sixth daughter of Richard Earl of Dorset, and endowed from the estate of Denny Muschamp. The school is kept in a castle built by the Lombards; the master receives £20 per annum with a house and garden.

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    On the north-west side of the abbey stands a ruined tower, said to have been erected by an Earl of Desmond, who retired here ; they call it Cullin. On each hand of the west entrance of the abbey are two huge piles of skulls, which, some say, were brought hither after the battle of Knockninoss, and was fought but five miles from hence. Near this abbey stands a part of another ruin, said to have been a nunnery, dedicated to St. Owen, or, according to others, St. John the Baptist The name Buttevant, according to tradition, takes its rise from a word given in a battle fought near this place by David de Barry, who here overthrew the MacCartys, and cried out, " Boutez en avant," />., " push forward," which is the present motto of the Barrymore family, who take a title of viscount from this place. In this town is a free school founded by Frances Lady Lanesborough, sixth daughter to Richard Earl of Dorset. She was first married to Sir George Lane, knight, who was afterwards created Lord Viscount Lanesborough ; and secondly, to Denny Muschamp, esquire, out of whose estate the school is endowed. The master has ;^20 per annum with a house and garden. This school is kept in a castle built here by the Lombards. To the east of the town P .J stand the ruins of the Lord Barry's castle, boldly and

    Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 166

    As the companion tells it

    Buttevant takes its name, by tradition, from a battle fought near this place by David de Barry, who overthrew the MacCartys and cried out, Boutez en avant, push forward. Those words remain the motto of the Barrymore family, who take a viscount's title from the town. In this town is a free school founded by Frances Lady Lanesborough, sixth daughter to Richard Earl of Dorset. She was first married to Sir George Lane, knight, who was afterwards created Lord Viscount Lanesborough, and secondly to Denny Muschamp, esquire, out of whose estate the school is endowed. The master has 20 pounds per annum with a house and garden. The school is kept in a castle built here by the Lombards. Near the abbey stands a ruined tower called Cullin, said to have been erected by an Earl of Desmond who retired here. On each hand of the west entrance of the abbey are two huge piles of skulls, which some say were brought hither after the battle of Knockninoss, fought but five miles from this place. Near the abbey also stands part of another ruin, said to have been a nunnery dedicated to St. Owen, or according to others, St. John the Baptist. To the east of the town stand the ruins of Lord Barry's castle.

38. French fleet anchors in Bantry Bay, 1796

    Bantry · town · Cork · 1796–1797

    In 1796 a French fleet anchored in Bantry Bay. A silver medal was struck for the small band of volunteers and soldiers who held the outlying garrison position during that eventful year, bearing the inscription 'Afflavit Deus et Dissipantur' and the legend 'Friendly Association, Bantry Garrison.'

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    In 1796 a French fleet anchored in Bantry Bay, See in Gentleman's Magazine for 1814, i., p. 303, account of the conduct of Mr. O'SulUvan upon this occasion. For the small band of volunteers and soldiers who held this outlying position during that eventful year a silver medal was struck, and worn by the officers and men. Some of these mementos are still preserved among the family heirlooms of those who were represented in the barracks at Bantry, and others have found their way into

    (1) Vide Wilson's Naval History.

    Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 158

    As the companion tells it

    As you come through Bantry, the town on the bay, in 1796 a French fleet anchored in these waters. A small band of volunteers and soldiers held an outlying garrison position through that eventful year. For them a silver medal was struck, and worn by the officers and men. It bore the inscription 'Afflavit Deus et Dissipantur' and the legend 'Friendly Association, Bantry Garrison.' Some of these medals are still preserved among the family heirlooms of those represented in the barracks at Bantry.

39. Gougane Barra pilgrimage since St Finbar

    near Gougane Barra · population centre · Cork

    Gougane Barra has been visited as a place of pilgrimage since the time of St Finbar. The site is difficult to access, surrounded by precipitous mountains, making the journey itself akin to performing a pilgrimage.

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    the top of the mountain, tumbh'ng down all around in several cataracts, with a roaring noise like thunder, which makes a most awful and majestic scene. On the top of these precipices, eagles, hawks, and other birds of prey breed and live in great security. This place, since the time of St Finbar, has been frequented by many devotees as a place of pilgrimage ; and to get to it is little less than to perform one. In the island are the ruins of a chapel with some small cells, a sacristy, chamber, kitchen, and other conveniences, erected by a late recluse (Father O'Mahony), who lived a hermit in this dreary spot twenty-eight years. When one is in this island, the chasm in the mountain, by which the lake is entered, is not seen, occasioned by the jutting out of part of the hill ; so that if a person was carried into it blindfold, it would seem almost impossible, without the wings of an eagle, to get out, the mountains making as it were a wall of rocks some hundred yards high. Round part of the lake is a pleasant green bank, with a narrow causeway from it to the island. That part of the island unbuilt upon Father O'Mahony converted into a garden, planted several fruit trees in it with his own hands, and made it a luxurious spot for a hermit. Opposite to this island, on the continent, is his tomb, placed in a low little house, on which is this inscription : —

    " Hoc sibi et successoribus suis in eadem vocatione, monumentum imposuit " dominus Doctor Dyonisius O'Mahony, presbyter licet indignus. An. dom. 1700."

    Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 100

    As the companion tells it

    Gougane Barra has been a place of pilgrimage since the time of St Finbar. To get to it is little less than to perform one. The mountains come down all around in cataracts, with a roaring noise like thunder, and on the top of the precipices eagles, hawks, and other birds of prey breed and live in great security. On the island are the ruins of a chapel with small cells, a sacristy, chamber, kitchen, and other conveniences, erected by a late recluse, Father O'Mahony, who lived as a hermit in this spot for twenty-eight years. When you are on the island, the chasm in the mountain by which the lake is entered is not seen, because part of the hill juts out. A person carried there blindfold would think it almost impossible, without the wings of an eagle, to get out, the mountains making a wall of rocks some hundred yards high. Round part of the lake is a pleasant green bank, with a narrow causeway from it to the island. The part of the island not built upon, Father O'Mahony converted into a garden, planting several fruit trees with his own hands, making it a luxurious spot for a hermit. Opposite the island, on the mainland, is his tomb, placed in a low little house. On it is this inscription: "Hoc sibi et successoribus suis in eadem vocatione, monumentum imposuit dominus Doctor Dyonisius O'Mahony, presbyter licet indignus. An. dom. 1700."

40. Great Island, formerly the Island of Barrymore

    near Great Island · townland · Cork

    The Great Island in Cork harbour was formerly called the Island of Barrymore from its belonging to that family. It is four miles long and two broad, forming one side of Cork harbour, with three parishes and nineteen ploughlands all contiguous to the sea.

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    Cork harbour, the Great Island, etc. It was some time since a seat of the late Earl of Barrymore, when Lord Buttevant, and is now occupied by Mr. Grady ; and half a mile to the S. is the ruin of the castle of Barry's Court, which gave title of baron to the earls of Barrymore. 1 1 H ^^^^ ^^^^ castle is the passage into the Great Island, ^^ reat s an ^^^lled formerly the Island of Barrymore, from its belonging to that family. As a defence to this passage,<7) the only one by which the island can be entered at low water, stands Bellvelly Castle, ^^> built by one of the Hodnet family, formerly a very potent sept in this country. On an escutcheon, cut in stone on the castle wall, is a bend lozengy. This island forms one side of Cork harbour, and is four

    miles long and two broad. The chief place in it is Cove, °^^" a village seven miles from Cork, built under a high steep hill, the shore on all this side of the island being bold, and the water of great depth. Opposite to this village'his Majesty's ships of war ride, and the largest vessels trading to Cork generally anchor at this place, upwards of 200 sail having been moored here often during the laie war, with sufficient room for twice as many in the bay. From Cove, the harbour's mouth seems closed by the island called Spike, lying opposite to the entrance ; so that this harbour is not unlike the fine description given by Virgil in his first ^Eneid, of a beautiful port :

    Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 92

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere around here lies Great Island in Cork harbour, formerly called the Island of Barrymore, from its belonging to that family. It forms one side of Cork harbour, and is four miles long and two broad. It was a seat of the late Earl of Barrymore, then of Lord Buttevant, and is now occupied by Mr. Grady. Half a mile to the south stands the ruin of Barry's Court castle, which gave the title of baron to the earls of Barrymore. The castle marks the passage into the Great Island, the only way the island can be entered at low water. As a defence to this passage stands Bellvelly Castle, built by one of the Hodnet family, formerly a very potent sept in this country. On the castle wall, cut in stone, is an escutcheon bearing a bend lozengy. The chief place on the island is Cove, a village seven miles from Cork, built under a high steep hill. The shore on this side is bold and the water of great depth. Opposite the village, his Majesty's ships of war ride, and the largest vessels trading to Cork generally anchor at this place. Upwards of 200 sail have been moored here often during the late war, with sufficient room for twice as many in the bay. From Cove, the harbour's mouth seems closed by the island called Spike, lying opposite to the entrance.

41. Hooker's meeting with Gaelic chiefs at Cork

    Cork · city · Cork · 1568

    In 1568, Sir Peter Carew's agent John Hooker travelled to Cork and held a formal meeting with Mac Carty Reagh, Lord Muskery, and other Gaelic leaders, who offered 3,000 cattle, sheep, hogs, and corn. Hooker rented houses for Sir Peter at Cork and Kinsale.

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    This Sir Peter Carew sent his agent, John Hooker, to Cork, where he had a solemn meeting with Mac Carty Reagh, Sir Cormac Mac-Teig, Lord Muskery, Barry-Oge, O'Driscol, O'Daly, and others. They proposed to advance 3,000 kine, with sheep, hogs, and com, in proportion for the present ; and that, if Sir Peter would live among them, they would pay him an annual reasonable rent. Upon which, Hooker took an house for Sir Peter at Cork, and another at Kingsale. But, as Sir Peter was travelling to Cork, he fell ill at Ross, in the county of Wexford, and died there the 27th of November, 1575. — Cox, voL i. p. 327.

    (47) The Carews of Ireland are said, by Cambden and other genealogists, to be (Dugdale, vol. I., p. 481) descended from Arnolph de Montgomery, who built the Castle of Pembroke, in Wales. He had the title of that earldom, and afterwards fortified his castle in the behalf of his brother, the E^rl of Shrewsbury, in the time of his rebellion against King Henry I. They were both banished the realm, anno 11 12; and this Arnolph being outlawed, the castle of Pembroke came to the Crown. Odericus Vitalis, p. 573 (who was a monk of Utica, and a writer of the Norman history), says that he married Lafracoth, a daughter to one of the kings of Ireland, and their posterity took the name of Carew, from Carew castle, in Pembrokeshire.

    Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 21

    As the companion tells it

    As the road brings you through Cork, Sir Peter Carew sent his agent John Hooker to this city in 1568. Hooker held a solemn meeting with Mac Carty Reagh, Sir Cormac Mac-Teig, Lord Muskery, Barry-Oge, O'Driscol, O'Daly, and others. The Gaelic leaders proposed to advance 3,000 kine, with sheep, hogs, and corn. They offered that if Sir Peter would live among them, they would pay him an annual reasonable rent. Upon which, Hooker took a house for Sir Peter in the city, and another at Kinsale. But Sir Peter never arrived. He fell ill at Ross in county Wexford while travelling, and died there on the 27th of November 1575. The Carews of Ireland are said by Cambden and other genealogists to be descended from Arnolph de Montgomery, who built the Castle of Pembroke in Wales. He held the title of that earldom, and fortified his castle on behalf of his brother, the Earl of Shrewsbury, during his rebellion against King Henry I. Both were banished the realm. Odericus Vitalis, a monk and writer of Norman history, says Arnolph married Lafracoth, a daughter to one of the kings of Ireland, and their posterity took the name of Carew from Carew castle in Pembrokeshire.

42. Inscribed boundary stone of Edmund MacSwiney at Dunisky

    Dunisky · townland · Cork · 1619

    An inscribed stone dated 1619 bearing the initials 'E. M. S.' (Edmund MacSwiney) lies in the south fence of a road in the townland of Dunisky. It stands within a field containing the remains of Carrig Dermot Oge castle, MacSwiney's stronghold.

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    himself seen the stone, and says it was a mere common' boundary stone, forming, at' time of his visit, part of the road fence ; and inscribed, according to him, thus : — " 16 14. E. O. S." Even this, however, is not quite correct. The inscription is — " 16 19. E. M. S.," and there is no sign of any further inscription. The stone lies on its side in the south fence of a minor road in the townland of Dunisky, and forms part of the boundary wall (of stone and earth) of the road. The date on it is certainly 1619, and not as stated by Windele, and the central letter is an M of old form, which might easily be mistaken for an O, as happened with Windele. The letters of course stand for " Edmund MacSwiney." The stone stands w^ithin a field of the remains of the castle of Carrig Dermot Oge, the stronghold of the said MacSwiney. This castle, as well as that of Clogh-dha, are described in a paper by myself read before the Cork Historical and Archaeological Society, 27th April, 1892.

    In the same chapter (page 170) Smith mentions the castle of Castlemore, in the parish of Moviddy (not to be confounded with another Castlemore mentioned elsewhere, and near Mallow), and adds that the forfeiting proprietor in 1641 was Phelim Mac Owen Carty ; and Windele and others follow Smith in this mistake. But the original documents in the Public Record Office, Dublin, give the forfeiting proprietor's name as " Charles Oge McCarthy." He was son of Charles or Cormac the Elder, who was third son of the famous Sir Cormac MacTeige MacCarthy, the 14th lord of Muskery, who died in 1583, leaving a will of which a partial description is given in the Journal of the C. H. & A. Society, vol. i., pp. 32-33. The history of ** Castlemore by Moviddy," and the connection of these MacCarthys with it, are given at length in the paper of 27th April, 1892, above mentioned. H. W. G.

    Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 113

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere close to Dunisky there is an inscribed boundary stone lying on its side in the fence of a minor road. It bears the date 1619 and the initials E. M. S. The letters stand for Edmund MacSwiney. The stone forms part of the boundary wall of the road, a wall of stone and earth. It stands within a field that holds the remains of Carrig Dermot Oge castle, which was MacSwiney's stronghold. The stone is a mere common boundary stone, and there is no sign of any further inscription beyond the date and the initials. An earlier writer named Windele saw the stone and described it as forming part of the road fence at the time of his visit. But he reported the inscription incorrectly. He misread the central letter as an O rather than an M. The M is of old form, which could easily be mistaken for an O, as happened with Windele. He also gave the wrong date. The date on the stone is certainly 1619. The author corrected these errors and described the stone as it actually reads. A paper by the author, describing Carrig Dermot Oge castle as well as that of Clogh-dha, was read before the Cork Historical and Archaeological Society on the 27th of April, 1892.

43. Kanturk Castle's unfinished state

    Kanturk · town · Cork

    Kanturk Castle is described as having been raised too high to escape the notice of English sovereigns, left in haughty unfinished fragments that proclaim the cause of its untimely fate. The poem treats it as a cautionary ruin of overreaching ambition.

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    Kanturk, already nam'd, once rais'd too high To bear suspicious Albion's sovereign eye, In haughty fragments of unfinish'd state, Proclaims the cause of her untimely fate.

    Liscaroll next, in six tall flankers strong, (A melancholy object of our song) Gives its own title to the neighb'ring plain, Ennobled by itself, and Kinalmeaky slain.

    Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 167

    As the companion tells it

    Kanturk Castle was raised too high to escape the notice of English sovereigns. It stands in haughty unfinished fragments, proclaiming the cause of its untimely fate. The caution is plain: ambition that reaches too far draws the eye that ends it.

44. Kate's Hole near Liscaroll

    Liscarroll · town · Cork

    In the field south of Liscaroll is a deep hole called 'Kate's Hole,' which local people claimed could not be fathomed. The author threw stones down it and heard them plunge into water after about fifteen seconds. There are also several subterraneous passages near the castle in limestone ground.

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    raised many outworks about it, in the modern style of fortification. In August, 1642, it was besieged by a regular army consisting of 7,000 Irish, who, after a very gallant resistance of thirteen days, obliged it to surrender. The day following Lord Inchiquin, coming up with the English army defeated the Irish, as is above mentioned. The Irish again besieged it, anno 1646, with an army of 5,000 foot and 500 horse, commanded by the Earl of Castlehavcn, who then took most of the strongholds in this country, Lord Inchiquin, for want of supplies, being then obliged to stand upon the defensive. The news of Castlehaven's success had such an effect, that this castle, which had been before so well defended, surrendered without firing a shot, though then in the best posture of defence, and commanded by the same officer, one Captain Raymond, who had defended it so gallantly during the former siege, and who, for his cowardice or treachery, was condemned to be shot, together with another steward of Sir Philip Perceval ; but, by his indulgence, they were pardoned. This castle is a parallelogram or oblong square, of 120 by 240 feet ; it was flanked by six great towers, two square and four round ; the gateway which faced the south was defended by a strong castle, from which on either hand were the apartments ; the walls were thirty feet high. This castle is said to have been built by King John ; it was at least erected by some of the Strongbonian adventurers. It was for many years possessed by the Barrys before it belonged to the Perceval family. Sir Hardress Waller recovered it from the Irish, anno 1650 ; the breach made by him is still visible near the south-west tower, and it has ever since remained in a ruinous condition. This castle has effectually suffered from the loyalty of its inhabitants ; the ruins of its several turrets and other works afford the imagination a more pleasing idea than the most magnificent structure could well do ; as one looks on the wounds of a veteran with more veneration than the most exact proportion of a regular beauty, and as these ruins call to mind the devastion caused by our intestine troubles, the history of those particular places is naturally sought after. In the field south of Liscaroll is a deep hole, which, the country-people assured me, could not be fathomed. I threw some stones down it which I heard distinctly for about fifteen seconds before they reached the water in which I heard them plunge ; this place they call " Kate's hole." There are also several subteranneous passages near the castle in a limestone ground. The lands hereabouts are all pasture ; the soil is a yellow clay, intermixed with a grey earth, in some places deeper than others.

    Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 166

    As the companion tells it

    Liscarroll is a town the road passes through, and its story is written in stone and in the ground beneath it. The castle here is said to have been built by King John, or at least by some of the Strongbow adventurers. It stood as an oblong square, 120 by 240 feet, flanked by six great towers, two square and four round, with walls 30 feet high. The Barrys held it for many years before it passed to the Perceval family. In August 1642, a regular army of 7,000 Irish besieged it. After a gallant resistance of 13 days, the castle surrendered. The following day Lord Inchiquin came up with the English army and defeated the Irish. The Irish besieged it again in 1646, with 5,000 foot and 500 horse under the Earl of Castlehaven. The castle surrendered without firing a shot, though it was in its best posture of defence and commanded by the same Captain Raymond who had held it so gallantly before. For his cowardice or treachery, Raymond was condemned to be shot, together with another steward of Sir Philip Perceval, but by his indulgence they were pardoned. Sir Hardress Waller recovered the castle from the Irish in 1650, and the breach he made is still visible near the south-west tower. It has been ruinous ever since. In the field south of Liscarroll is a deep hole the country people call Kate's Hole. They said it could not be fathomed. The author threw stones down it and heard them falling for about 15 seconds before they plunged into water. There are also several subterraneous passages near the castle, in limestone ground. The lands hereabouts are all pasture, the soil a yellow clay intermixed with grey earth.

45. Kilbolane and Sir William Power's defection

    Kilbolane · townland · Cork · 1641

    Sir William Power of Kilbolane, though professing great loyalty, was carried away by the tide of rebellion when it grew stronger. Donogh O'Calaghan also deserted Sir P. Perceval's interest and endeavoured to betray Liscaroll.

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    *' On breaking out of the Rebellion, James Fitz Nich. Barry broke his prison in *' Dublin, and, repairing to Munster, seized on the Castle of Anagh. He soon after by " treachery seized on Welchestown Castle. Cnogher Keogh O'Calaghan also basely « deserted Sir P. Perceval's interest, and endeavoured to betray Liscaroll into the " Rebells' hands, likewise Sir Wm* Poor of Kilbolane, tho' he professed great loyalty, " was carried away by the tide of rebellion, when it grew stonger.

    " 3 Aug., 1642. The Lo. Inchiquin was Lo. Pres. of Munster in the place of Sir . • " St- Leger about the middle of this year, Sir W. St- Leger being dead, on this date " he certified Serjt- Reymond, who commanded in Liscaroll, that his 30 men (most of " them Sir P. Perceval's tenants) should be taken into the King's pay.

    Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 171

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere close to Kilbolane, Sir William Power lived when the rebellion broke out in 1641. He professed great loyalty, but when the tide of rebellion grew stronger, he was carried away by it. He was not alone. Cnogher Keogh O'Calaghan basely deserted Sir P. Perceval's interest and tried to betray Liscaroll into the rebels' hands. James Fitz Nicholas Barry broke his prison in Dublin, came to Munster, and seized the Castle of Anagh. He then took Welchestown Castle by treachery. By August 1642, Lord Inchiquin had become Lord President of Munster in place of Sir William St Leger, who was dead. On the 3rd of that month, Inchiquin certified Serjeant Reymond, commanding at Liscaroll, that his 30 men, most of them Sir P. Perceval's tenants, should be taken into the King's pay.

46. Kilcrea Castle and its bawn

    Kilcrea · townland · Cork

    Kilcrea Castle, formerly a seat of the Earls of Clancarty, is a strong building with a dark marble staircase about seventy feet high. Its 'bawn' was historically used for dancing, games, and keeping cattle safe from wolves at night.

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    of Kilcrea, formerly a seat of the Earls of Clancarty. It is 1 crea. ^ strong building, having an excellent staircase, of a dark marble, from bottom to top, about seventy feet high. It stands a little south of the river Bride. The barbicans, platforms, and ditch still remain. On the east side is a large field, called the "bawn," the only appendage" formerly to great men's castles, which places were used for dancing, goaling, and .such diversions ; pleasure gardens and other improvements being then unknown in this country. In these bawns they also kept their cattle by night, to prevent their being carried off by wolves, or their more rapacious neighbours. Kilcrea <33) was a manor belonging to the Lords

    Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 102

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere around here stands Kilcrea Castle, once a seat of the Earls of Clancarty. It is a strong building with an excellent staircase of dark marble running from bottom to top, about 70 feet high. The barbicans, platforms, and ditch still remain. On the east side is a large field called the bawn, the only appendage formerly to great men's castles. These places were used for dancing, goaling, and such diversions, pleasure gardens and other improvements being then unknown in this country. In these bawns they also kept their cattle by night, to prevent their being carried off by wolves, or their more rapacious neighbours. Kilcrea was a manor belonging to the Lords.

47. Kilmainham Royal Hospital for disabled yeomen

    Kilmainham · townland · Dublin · 1796

    The Yeomanry Bill of 1796 stipulated that non-commissioned officers and men disabled on actual service were entitled to the benefit of the Royal Hospital, Kilmainham, while disabled officers received half-pay.

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    In the "Yeomanry Bill," which was published towards the end of 1796, it was enacted, " That the officers shall be commissioned by his Majesty, or the Chief Governor " or Governors of Ireland, that every officer and man shall receive pay, not exceeding two " days a week, for every day he attended drill ; that one sergeant and one trumpeter or " drummer in every troop or company shall receive permanent pay j that if any person " be discharged from a corps by his commanding officer, and refuse to give up his arms, "etc., he can be brought before a magistrate and fined ;^io, or be imprisoned for six •' months ; that if a corps, during invasion, rebellion, or apprehension thereof, offers to "go on permanent duty, it will be subject to military law, and officers receive same pay " as officers of like rank receive in the army, and men the same pay daily as on days of " exercise ; that courts-martial are to be composed of yeomanry officers ; that officers "disabled on actual service to be entitled to half-pay, and N. C. O*- and men to the " benefit of the Royal Hospital, Kilmainham ; that widows of officers killed in action to " receive pensions usually given to widows of officers of the Regular Forces ; that " every eflBcient yeoman be exempt from serving in the militia, or of finding a substi- " tute ; that every yeoman take the oath 6f allegiance before a magistrate ; that if any " officer enrol anyone who does not take the oath, he shall be fined ;^5oo ; that the Act " shall continue to the end of the present war, and no longer." — Dublin Journal, 20th Oct., 1796.

    Owing to the fear of the French landing on the south coast in December, a large force was marched to the county Cork. The yeomanry were prepared to act v/ith it, but the greater part were requested by the Lord Lieutenant to preserve the peace in their own neighbourhoods.— Z>. E, P., 27th Dec, 1796.

    Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 282

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere around here stands the Royal Hospital at Kilmainham, a place whose benefit was written into law for disabled yeomanry soldiers. The Yeomanry Bill, published toward the end of 1796, laid out the rules under which the yeomanry would serve. Officers were to be commissioned by his Majesty or the Chief Governor or Governors of Ireland. Every officer and man would receive pay, not exceeding two days a week, for every day he attended drill. One sergeant and one trumpeter or drummer in every troop or company would receive permanent pay. If any person was discharged from a corps by his commanding officer and refused to give up his arms, he could be brought before a magistrate and fined or imprisoned for six months. If a corps, during invasion, rebellion, or apprehension thereof, offered to go on permanent duty, it would be subject to military law. Officers would receive the same pay as officers of like rank in the army, and men the same daily pay as on days of exercise. Courts-martial were to be composed of yeomanry officers. The bill made provision for those harmed in service. Officers disabled on actual service were entitled to half-pay. Non-commissioned officers and men disabled on actual service were entitled to the benefit of that hospital. Widows of officers killed in action would receive the pensions usually given to widows of officers of the Regular Forces. Every efficient yeoman was exempt from serving in the militia or finding a substitute. Every yeoman had to take the oath of allegiance before a magistrate. If any officer enrolled someone who did not take the oath, he would be fined 500. The Act was to continue to the end of the present war, and no longer.

48. King's Castle, Cork, taken down in 1718

    Cork · city · Cork · 1537–1718

    A castle called the King's Castle stood within the city walls on the ground where the present county courthouse was built. It was granted by King Henry VIII to William Coppinger, mayor of Cork, and was taken down in 1718 with houses built on the ground. The mayors of Cork were anciently chosen at this castle.

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    repaired by King John, but were originally built by the Danes long before the arrival of the English. Cork was originally built in the form of an oblong square ; the length of which was from the North Gate to the South Gate ; and its breadth from the city wall on the West Marsh to that parallel to it, which faced the East Marsh ; this wall had an interruption towards the middle, at the lower end of Castle Street, called Martin Gate, defended to the north by a strong castle, which stood near the site of the new market-house, called the Queen's Castle ; and within the walls, on the ground where the present county courthouse is built, stood another castle, called the King's Castle. The former was subsisting in the reign of King James I., and the latter was taken down in the year 17 18, and houses built on the ground. This castle was* granted by King Henry VIII. <5) to William Coppinger, mayor <^> of Cork, and his successors, who were to have the keeping and overseeing of the same, till it was otherwise disposed of by letters-patent ; but I do not find it ever was, except that, by King Charles I.'s charter, a part of it was reserved for holding the assizes for the county of Cork.

    To the south of this castle, at the lower end of Christ Church Lane, stood a strong tower on the city wall, called the Hopewell ; from whence I do not find any other till the south-east angle of the wall, where there was a small tower ; and from thence to the South Gate there was no fortification. Both the North and South Gates were defended by old castles, one at each end of the bridge. From the South Gate to the south-west angle was a tower about midway, and one at that angle. The Water Gate was defended by a small old castle, between which and the north-west angle stood the belfry of St. Peter's church, taken down

    Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 207

    As the companion tells it

    As you pass through Cork, the city once held a castle within its walls called the King's Castle. It stood on the ground where the present county courthouse now stands. The castle was taken down in 1718, and houses were built on the ground. The city walls were originally built by the Danes long before the arrival of the English, and repaired by King John. Cork was laid out in the form of an oblong square, running from the North Gate to the South Gate, with its breadth running from the city wall on the West Marsh to the wall facing the East Marsh. The wall had an interruption towards the middle, at the lower end of Castle Street, called Martin Gate. To the north of that gate stood a strong castle called the Queen's Castle, near the site of the new market-house. That castle was still standing in the reign of King James I. The King's Castle was granted by King Henry VIII to William Coppinger, mayor of Cork, and his successors. They were to have the keeping and overseeing of it until it was otherwise disposed of by letters-patent. The record does not find that it ever was, except that by King Charles I's charter, a part of the castle was reserved for holding the assizes for the county of Cork. The mayors of Cork were anciently chosen at this castle.

49. Kinneigh church, anciently a cathedral

    Kinneigh · townland · Cork

    The church at Kinneigh, part of the chantry endowment, was anciently a cathedral founded by St Mocolomoge before being united to the see of Ross. It was described as in ruins by the mid-eighteenth century.

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    Chantorship. — Consisting of the rect of Currigippane, the rect of Corbally, the rect of Carrigrohan, anciently St Peter's, and one rectory of Kinneigh. Carrigrohan, ch. in repair, the others in ruins. Pat the bishop. Taxed in the K. B. £i. Proxies for the whole, 5s. gd. Glebe in the Currigippane, 3a. ir. 8p. In Carrigrohan, in two parcels, 7a. ir. In Kinneigh parish, belonging to the whole, 19a. 3r. 8p. This ch. was anciently a cathedral, founded by St Mocolomoge, but united to Ross/^)

    Chancellorship. — Consisting of the entire rect of St Bridget, the other vie. of Kinneigh, the vie. of Kilbonane, the vie. of Aglish, and the rect. and vie. of Moviddy. This last ch. in repair, the others in ruins. Pat the bishop. The present chancellor holds all these, anno 1747, the corps of the chancellorship being very small. The chancellorship taxed in the K. B. £2. Kilbonane, £1 ; Moviddy, £1 los. Proxies rect of St Bridget 5s., vie. of Kinneigh is. 6d., vie. of Kilbonane is., vie. of Aglish 2s., and Moviddy 3§. 4d. Glebe of Kinneigh, vide the Chantorship. In Kilbonane, 12a. i6p. In Moviddy, 48a. 2r. 8p. In Aglish, Sa. 3r.

    Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 29

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere around here stands what was once the church of Kinneigh. It was anciently a cathedral, founded by St Mocolomoge, before being united to the see of Ross. Kinneigh's church formed part of the chantry endowment, held in both the chantorship and the chancellorship. The chantorship held one rectory of Kinneigh. The chancellorship held the other vicarage of Kinneigh. The patron was the bishop. The glebe in Kinneigh parish, belonging to the whole, measured 19 acres, 3 roods, and 8 perches. The vicarage of Kinneigh carried proxies of 1 shilling and 6 pence. The record notes that the present chancellor held all these benefices in 1747, the corps of the chancellorship being very small. Kinneigh's church was listed among those in ruins. Only Carrigrohan, another church in the chantorship, was described as in repair. What St Mocolomoge founded as a cathedral had passed to the see of Ross and now lay in ruins.

50. Knockmourne church and burnt corporation

    Knockmourne · parish · Cork

    The small parish church of Knockmourne, in repair, is the only remains of an ancient corporation entirely burnt down by the White Knight, along with many other churches and villages, during Desmond's rebellion.

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    onnoug . beiQpggj |.Q Thomas Fitz-Gerald Roe. It was demised to Sir Richard Boyle by Sir James Fullerton, anno 1603. Near it is a stone bridge over the river Bride. This castle is a high square tower, built on a steep rock, and commands an extensive prospect over the adjacent country. More west is the small parish church of Knockmoume in repair, the only remains of an ancient corporation, which was entirely burnt down by the White Knight, with many other churches and villages, in Desmond's rebellion. A mile west of this last is Aghern, where was formerly another castle of the Fitz-Geralds on this river. It is now a good house, with orchards, gardens, and other plantations, of Mr. Giffard, pleasantly seated on the Bride. Near it is the parish church in repair.

    In this small barony are some good improvements, partiurryg ass. ^^jj^j-jy ^^ Curryglass, a neat pleasant village, prettily planted and well watered, in which, besides other gentlemen's houses, is an elegant seat, formefly possessed by William Maynard, esq., then collector of Cork, but, of late, gone much to decay, being in the hands of the Crown. On this land is a white clay, with which the above-named gentleman covered the walls of a wood, that, for its smoothness and whiteness, was much admired. At this place is a large well-grown cedar (not many years ago) raised from seed brought from the West Indies, from which tree many others have been propagated by layers. At Curryglass is a holly tree, perhaps the largest of the species in Ireland. Here are also witch-elm that bear seed.

    Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 67

    As the companion tells it

    The road passes through or near the parish of Knockmourne, in Cork. The small parish church there stands in repair. It is the only remains of an ancient corporation, one that was entirely burnt down by the White Knight, along with many other churches and villages, during Desmond's rebellion. The passage places Knockmourne within a small barony of old strongholds and fallen seats. At Aghern, the Fitz-Geralds once had another castle on the river Bride. That castle is now a good house with orchards and gardens, belonging to Giffard, pleasantly seated on the river. Near it stands another parish church, also in repair. In this same barony are some good improvements. Curryglass is a neat, pleasant village, well watered and prettily planted. Besides other gentlemen's houses, there is an elegant seat formerly possessed by William Maynard, collector of Cork, but gone much to decay since falling into the hands of the Crown. On this land is a white clay, with which Maynard covered the walls of a wood, and for its smoothness and whiteness it was much admired. At Curryglass stands a large, well-grown cedar, raised not many years ago from seed brought from the West Indies, and from it many others have been propagated by layers. There is also a holly tree, perhaps the largest of its species in Ireland, and witch-elm that bear seed.

51. Lazar-house for lepers at Cashel

    Cashel · townland · Cork · 1224

    Sir David le Latimer, seneschal to Bishop Marian O'Brien, founded a lazar-house or hospital for lepers at Cashel. He confined his own daughter there, as she was afflicted with leprosy.

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    the licence of this prelate, Sir David le Latimer, his seneschal, founded a lazar-house, or hospital

    for lepers, at Cashel, and in it shut up his daughter, who was afflicted with that malady. In

    Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 248

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere around here, in 1224, Sir David le Latimer, seneschal to Bishop Marian O'Brien, founded a lazar-house for lepers at Cashel. He shut up his own daughter in it, as she was afflicted with that malady.

52. Liscaroll garrisoned and castles guarded at outbreak of rebellion

    Liscarroll · town · Cork · 1641

    At the outbreak of the 1641 Rebellion, Sir P. Perceval's men were organized into a company to guard his four castles, with Liscaroll described as the strongest hold in that part of the country. Sergeant Reymond commanded the garrison there with 30 men, mostly Perceval's tenants.

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    " Liscaroll, the strongest hold in that part of the country ; 80 of Sir P. Perceval's " men made into a company to guard his four castles, 25th Nov. 1641. — (Bets worth to " Sir P. P.)

    *' On breaking out of the Rebellion, James Fitz Nich. Barry broke his prison in *' Dublin, and, repairing to Munster, seized on the Castle of Anagh. He soon after by " treachery seized on Welchestown Castle. Cnogher Keogh O'Calaghan also basely « deserted Sir P. Perceval's interest, and endeavoured to betray Liscaroll into the " Rebells' hands, likewise Sir Wm* Poor of Kilbolane, tho' he professed great loyalty, " was carried away by the tide of rebellion, when it grew stonger.

    Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 171

    As the companion tells it

    The town of Liscarroll was called the strongest hold in that part of the country. On the 25th of November 1641, 80 of Sir P. Perceval's men were formed into a company to guard his four castles. When the rebellion broke out, James Fitz Nich. Barry broke his prison in Dublin and came to Munster, where he seized the Castle of Anagh. Soon after, by treachery, he took Welchestown Castle. Cnogher Keogh O'Calaghan basely deserted Sir P. Perceval's interest and tried to betray Liscarroll into the rebels' hands. Sir William Poor of Kilbolane, though he professed great loyalty, was carried away by the tide of rebellion when it grew stronger.

53. Lixney castle, head mansion of the Carews taken by treason

    Lixnaw · town · Kerry

    The castle of Lixney in the country of Clannemoris was the head mansion-house and habitation of the Carews. It was taken from them by treason and came to be held by Lord Fitzmorris.

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    ** The Lord Fitzmorris holdeth the whole country of Clannemoris, in which is the " castle of Lixney, the head mansion-house and habitation of the Carews, which by "treason was taken from them.

    *' O'Connor of Kerry holdeth Rayhe, Knoghe Coven, Loslaghlyn. " Mac Conoghes hold de Gallos.

    Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 132

    As the companion tells it

    The road passes through Lixnaw. The castle of Lixney here in the country of Clannemoris was the head mansion-house and habitation of the Carews. It was taken from them by treason, and came to be held by Lord Fitzmorris.

54. Mallow manor and its two Desmond castles

    Mallow · town · Cork · 1641

    The manor of Mallow, formerly belonging to the Earl of Desmond, was granted by Queen Elizabeth to Sir John Norris and later passed to Sir John Jephson. The town once had two castles: the Short Castle (or Castle Gar) on the north side, and a noble pile built by the Earls of Desmond on the south end, which was ruined in the 1641 rebellion.

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    HE manor of Manow<'' lies next adjacent to the barony of Duhallow ; it was a distinct seigniory which formerly belonged to the Earl of Desmond, and, upon his attainder, was granted by Queen Elizabeth to Sir John Norris^'*, who settled the crown of Portugal on the present royal house of Braganza, and was lord president of Monster, Sir John Jephson, knight, marrying the heiress of Norris, became possessed of this estate, and obtained new letters-patent ts' for the same. Here were formerly two castles — one on the north side of the town, called the Short Castle, and the other on the south end, being a noble pile of building, erected by the Earls of Desmond, which was ruined in the rebellion of 1641.

    (i) ThU manor contains eight ploughlands, and therein 3,848 acres. i'l The celebrated Spenser, among many other noble persons to whom he sent his Fairy Queen, which he composed in this country, and presented with verses on that occasion, has those lines to Sir John Norris, knt., lord president of Munster, which point out the character of thai great man : —

    Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 173

    As the companion tells it

    Mallow sits next to the barony of Duhallow. The manor here was once a distinct seigniory belonging to the Earl of Desmond. After his attainder, Queen Elizabeth granted it to Sir John Norris, who served as lord president of Munster and who settled the crown of Portugal on the present royal house of Braganza. Spenser, among many noble persons, sent his Fairy Queen to Norris, composed in this country and presented with verses on that occasion. Sir John Jephson, knight, married the heiress of Norris, came into possession of the estate, and obtained new letters-patent for it. The town once held two castles. On the north side stood the Short Castle, known also as Castle Gar. On the south end stood a noble pile of building raised by the Earls of Desmond. That castle was ruined in the rebellion of 1641.

55. Mallow manor granted to Thomas Norris after Desmond attainder, 1583

    Mallow · town · Cork · 1583

    After the attainder of the Earl of Desmond, the manor of Mallow was granted in 1583 to Sir Thomas Norris, vice-president of Munster. The grant included castles, towns, and lands across multiple townlands, with conditions to erect houses for forty-five families including freeholders, farmers, and copyholders.

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    BIALLOW, page 306. Smith stated that the manor of Mallow was, on the attainder of the Earl of Desmond, granted by Queen Elizabeth to Sir John Norris. This may be so ; but the grant made in 1583 was made to " Thomas Norreys," no doubt Sir Thomas Norris, then vice-president of Munster, to which office he was appointed in 1585. At this time Sir John Norris, his brother, was lord president of Munster, The grant was "Of castles, town, &c., of Ma!)o, & all lands in Cruliiifcrry, Keriiie als. the Aulde- "Towne, Ballingerald, Bally ho ugh a/s. Cough-Woode, Farrkoiiaghene, SoaAvyt als. " Oalioniackeislowne, the Forle-Castle ah. Castlc-Negare, Coniignore, ah. Sheeps- "Bulter, Corbagh & Clogh— 6,000 rtr. Engl. ^33 63. Sd. Eng. To hold in fee farm, by the " name of Commore ah. Mallo, as of Ihe Castle of Carrigrohan, by feally only," (Date lorn off or defaced).

    5i:ir fiants of Elizabeth, 1588, 5,219 (6,552) from which this extract differs in many parts. It evidently refers to the same grant and gives the further information that if the lands were certified to contain more than 6,000 English acres, the grantee should pay ly'id. for each acre in excess. The grantee should also erect houses for forty-five families, of which one to be for himself, three for freeholders, three for farmers, and twenty-one for copyholders. Other conditions usual in grants to undertakers in Munster.

    Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 194

    As the companion tells it

    Mallow in Cork was a manor taken from one hand and given to another. After the attainder of the Earl of Desmond, Queen Elizabeth granted it in 1583 to Thomas Norreys, believed to be Sir Thomas Norris, who became vice-president of Munster in 1585. His brother Sir John Norris was lord president of Munster at the same time. The grant covered castles, towns, and lands across many townlands: Cruhilly, Kearne or the Aulde Towne, Ballingerald, Ballyhough or Cough Woode, Parknaghene, Seavoyt or OMahonickestowne, the Forte Castle or Castle Negare, Cormmore or Sheeps Bulter, Corbagh, and Clogh. It ran to 6,000 English acres, held in fee farm under the name of Commore or Mallo, as of the Castle of Carrigrohan, by fealty only. The grant came with conditions. Thomas Norris was to erect houses for 45 families. One house was for himself, three for freeholders, three for farmers, and twenty-one for copyholders. If the lands were found to contain more than 6,000 acres, he was to pay extra for each acre beyond that. These were the usual conditions laid on undertakers in Munster.

56. Manor of Inchecoigne seized under Edward III

    Inchiquin · townland · Cork · 1370–1371

    At pleas held at Adare before William de Windsor, the sheriff was commanded to seize the fourth part of the manor of Inchecoigne, property of Thomas Roos, because he did not come to Ireland to defend his lands. A jury valued it at £3 3s. per year.

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    The sheriff was commanded to seize into the king's hands the fourth part of the manor of Inchecoigne, with its appurtenances, the property of Thomas Roos, and the manor of Ballyderawn, with the appurtenances, the property of Will, de Canton, of which lands they were disherited, because they did not in person, before the feast of Easter, in the 43rd year of the king, come into Ireland, nor send a sufficient number of men in their stead, to defend the same ; and that he should, by a jury of twelve men, return the value of said lands to the lord lieutenant, &c. By virtue of which mandate, John Lombard, sheriff of the said county, on the Wednesday next after the feast of St. Uenis the martyr, in the 44th year of the reign of King Edward III. by the undernamed, viz., Richard Fitz-Peter de Carew, &c., which jury say upon their oaths, that the fourth part of the manor of Inchecoigne, with the appurtenances, which was the property of Thomas de Roos, on the feast of Easter, in the 43rd year of the king, was not worth above ;^3 3s. a year in all its issues ; and that Illeger, as attorney for the said Thomas de Roos, received the profits from thence, &c. And that the manor of Ballydera\yne was worth nothing by the year, because it was in the hands of the rebels to the king, &c.

    (aa) Ann. 1420, 9 Henry V. James, Earl of Desmond, was constituted seneschal of the baronies of Imokilly, Inchiquin, and the town of Youghal, during life, by James, Earl of Ormond, lord lieutenant of Ireland. From this Earl of Desmond this branch of the Fitz-Geralds had this title.

    Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 57

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere close to Inchiquin, in 1370 to 1371, a manor called Inchecoigne was seized by the king's command. It belonged to Thomas Roos, who held a fourth part of it. The seizure was ordered at pleas held at Adare before William de Windsor. The sheriff was commanded to take the fourth part of the manor of Inchecoigne, with all its appurtenances, into the king's hands. The same order covered the manor of Ballyderawn, which belonged to Will de Canton. Both men were disherited because they had not come to Ireland in person before the feast of Easter in the 43rd year of King Edward the Third, nor had they sent a sufficient number of men in their stead to defend their lands. The sheriff was told to have a jury of twelve men assess the value of the lands and return it to the lord lieutenant. John Lombard, sheriff of the county, carried out the mandate. On the Wednesday after the feast of Saint Uenis the martyr, in the 44th year of Edward the Third, a jury that included Richard Fitz-Peter de Carew gave their verdict on oath. They said the fourth part of the manor of Inchecoigne, which had been Thomas de Roos's property, was not worth above 3 pounds and 3 shillings a year in all its issues. They added that Illeger, acting as attorney for Thomas de Roos, had received the profits from it. The manor of Ballyderawn, they said, was worth nothing by the year, because it was in the hands of rebels to the king. Years later, in 1420, James, Earl of Desmond, was made seneschal of the barony of Inchiquin by James, Earl of Ormond, lord lieutenant of Ireland.

57. Manors of Blarney, Kilcrea, and Macroom

    Macroom · town · Cork

    Before the 1641 rebellion, the barony of Muskerry belonged to Lord Muskery, with castles at Blarney, Kilcrea, and Macroom serving as three free manors. The family held privileges such as free-warren, holding markets, and claiming the goods of felons.

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    (33) Almost the whole of this barony, before the commencement of the rebellion of 1641, belonged to Donough, Lord Muskery, who held it in domain as of fee, and the rest in service, reversion, and remainder. His ancestors, for their fidelity and great services performed to the crown of England, obtained several letters-patent, containing large and ample privileges, concessions, and royalties inherent in the crown. As the creating the castles of Blarney, Kilcrea, and Macroomp, into three several free manors, the whole barony of Muskery (being reputed to have belonged to one or other of those three) yielding and doing suits of court-Ieet, and court-baron to them. They had the liberty to erect a free park, consisting of 200 acres at Blarney, with privileges of freechase, free-warren, and all others appertaining to the masters of the rcwal game. To appoint seneschals and clerks of their markets. They had the disposal of goods of felons and fugitives, and of all the ayries of hawks in their territory. They presented to several parish churches, founded by the lords of the family in this barony. They had also power to hold several fairs and markets. The reserved rent to the crown, in the first patents, was only ;£i6 per annum, but, in the last patent of King James I., it was raised to ;^ioo. This patent was granted to Charles Oge. They were also by this patent to pay ys. 4d, out of every ploughland yearly, as a composition royal, throughout the barony, except some domain lands adjoining to the above manors that were free.

    172 THE ANCIENT AND PRESENT STATE OF

    Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 102

    As the companion tells it

    Macroom was one of three manors that together held nearly all the barony of Muskerry. Before the rebellion of 1641, Donough, Lord Muskery, owned almost the whole barony. He held part of it directly and the rest in service, reversion, and remainder. His ancestors had received letters-patent from the crown of England for their fidelity and great services. Those patents created the castles of Blarney, Kilcrea, and Macroom into three several free manors. The whole barony of Muskerry was reputed to have belonged to one or other of those three, and yielded and did suits of court-leet and court-baron to them. The family had the liberty to erect a free park of 200 acres at Blarney, with privileges of free-chase and free-warren and all others appertaining to the masters of the royal game. They could appoint seneschals and clerks of their markets. They had the disposal of goods of felons and fugitives, and of all the ayries of hawks in their territory. They presented to several parish churches founded by the lords of the family in this barony. They had power to hold several fairs and markets. The reserved rent to the crown in the first patents was only 16 pounds per annum, but in the last patent of King James the first it was raised to 100 pounds. That patent was granted to Charles Oge. They were also by this patent to pay 5 shillings and 4 pence out of every ploughland yearly as a composition royal throughout the barony, except some domain lands adjoining to the manors that were free.

58. Milltown: Fitz-Gibbon castle and killing of John Fitz-Gerald

    Milltown · townland · Cork

    A castle of the Fitz-Gibbons formerly stood at Milltown, then a well-planted improvement with a handsome canal belonging to Colonel Evans. In Queen Elizabeth's reign, Maurice Fitz-Gibbon of Milltown slew John Mac John Fitz-Gerald of Kilbolane and fourteen of his followers, assisted by four of his sons.

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    south is Milltown, a well-planted improvement, with a handsome canal, of Colonel Evans. On this place stood formerly a castle of the Fitz-Gibbons. In the reign of Queen Elizabeth, Maurice Fitz- Gibbon, of Milltown, slew John Mac John Fitz-Gerald, of Kilbolane, and fourteen of his followers, being assisted by four of his sons, Fitz-Gerald having instigated the Earl of Desmond to hang one of the Fitz-Gibbon

    (") The following is an extract of the King's letter for creating Roger Boyle, esq., Baron of Broghiil, from the original in Lismore castle : — " Having taken into our gracious

    Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 163

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere close to Milltown, in Cork, there was once a castle of the Fitz-Gibbons. In later years Colonel Evans made it a well-planted improvement with a handsome canal. Back in Queen Elizabeth's reign, Maurice Fitz-Gibbon of Milltown slew John Mac John Fitz-Gerald of Kilbolane and fourteen of his followers, with the help of four of his sons. The killing came because Fitz-Gerald had instigated the Earl of Desmond to hang one of the Fitz-Gibbons.

59. Myross abbey De Sancto Mauro founded 1172

    Myross · townland · Cork · 1172

    In the parish of Myross (called Garry in Irish, meaning 'the garden') was an ancient Cistercian abbey called De Sancto Mauro, founded in 1172 by Dermot MacCormac Carty, king of Cork, who brought monks from Baltinglass.

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    Miros, called in Irish, Garry ^ />., "the garden," from its being much better land than the rest of West Carbery. In this parish was anciently an abbey, called De Sancto Mauro, also De Fonte Vivo, founded anno 1 172, by Dermot MacCormac Carty, of Kilbawne, who was king of Cork, for Cistercian monks, which he brought from the abbey of Baltinglass. At a place called Carigiliky, in this parish, the foundation of extensive ruins were discovered, together with a large cemetery, with great quantities of human bones ; it was, probably, the site of the abbey De Sancto Mauro, which some falsely place at Abbey-Mahon, near Timoleague. The house of Abbey-Shrowry was a cell to this. The parish church stands in ruins on the coast ; and opposite to it, in a small island, called Arahas, is a ruined chapel.

    Squince Island. ^^^^ Glandore harbour is another island called the

    Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 140

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere around here in Myross, called Garry in Irish, meaning "the garden," because the land was much better than the rest of West Carbery, there was anciently an abbey called De Sancto Mauro, also De Fonte Vivo. It was founded in 1172 by Dermot MacCormac Carty of Kilbawne, who was king of Cork, for Cistercian monks he brought from the abbey of Baltinglass. At a place called Carigiliky, in this parish, the foundations of extensive ruins were discovered, together with a large cemetery and great quantities of human bones. It was probably the site of the abbey, which some falsely place at Abbey-Mahon near Timoleague. The house of Abbey-Shrowry was a cell to this abbey. The parish church stands in ruins on the coast, and opposite to it, in a small island called Arahas, is a ruined chapel.

60. Pomroy free school and library beside St. Barr's Church, Cork

    near Shandon · locality · Cork · 1735

    Archdeacon Pomroy founded a free school and parochial library on the east side of St. Barr's church (Shandon) for children recommended by the Bishop, with an inscribed Italian marble cartouch dated 1735. A separate free school for Greek and Latin instruction stood on the west side of the same churchyard.

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    On the east side of St Barr's church, is a free school

    ^sSool^ and library, founded by the late Archdeacon Pomroy, for the education of such children as the Bishop shall recommend. The master has a salary of ;f 10 per annum. The children are taught to read, with writing, and arithmetic. In the library, on a cartouch of Italian marble, adorned with the founder's crest, viz. — a lion rampant gules, holding an apple or in his dexter paw, and on each side cherubims, etc., neatly carved is this inscription : —

    Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 214

    As the companion tells it

    Coming through Shandon. On the east side of St Barr's church stands a free school and library founded by Archdeacon Pomroy, dated 1735, for children the Bishop recommends. The master had a salary of 10 a year. Children were taught reading, writing, and arithmetic. The library held a cartouch of Italian marble bearing the founder's crest, a lion rampant gules holding an apple or in his dexter paw, with cherubims carved on each side. A separate free school for Greek and Latin stood on the west side of the same churchyard.