Name: The ancient and present state of the county and city of Cork. : Containing a natural, civil, ecclesiastical, historical, and topographical description thereof.
Author: Charles Smith (1715?–1762)

Pre-Christian tau cross and crux ansata on Cloyne Cathedral doorway

Cloyne · town · Cork

Carved on the northern entrance to Cloyne Cathedral are pre-Christian emblems: a tau cross with a human head and a crux ansata with a grooved vesica-shaped loop, symbols of life known in ancient Egyptian sculpture. Their existence here had previously escaped attention.

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On last Whit Monday, when revisiting Cloyne, I saw upon the entrance to the northern aisle of the cathedral door, carved in relief on the stone portals, the pre-Christian emblems of Creation. Upon the left side, cut on the chamfered stone, a tau cross having a human head in the place where the upper limb of the Christian cross would be, and on the opposite side the crux ansata, or tau cross, with a grooved vesicashaped loop above it — the symbol of life so well known in ancient Egyptian sculpture. The occurrence of Pagan emblems upon ancient buildings in Ireland, that have been devoted to the worship of Almighty God, is not uncommon, and their existence here appears to have hitherto escaped attention.
Dr. Caulfield notices : —

Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 71

Rinabelly's dangerous sandy bay mistaken for Cork harbour

Ringabella · townland · Cork

Rinabelly, about three miles south of Carigaline, had a good house belonging to Mr. Hodder and a dangerous sandy bay sometimes fatally mistaken by mariners for the mouth of Cork harbour. A hard sand obstructed the entrance, and the bay opened due west unlike Cork harbour which lay north.

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called formerly Ringabroe, a mile west of Crosshaven, is the seat of Mr. Hodder ; on a rising ground near the house is a gazebo, which commands a prospect of the harbour of Cork, the ocean, and a vast tract of sea-coast. The castle of Ballea is a large ruin, a mile west of Carigaline ; it was formerly possessed by the MacCartys, of Cloghroe ; and opposite to Coolemore are the ruins of another castle, built by one of Rinabelly ^^^ Desmond family. Rinabelly, about three miles south of Carigaline, is a good house of Mr. Hodder ; there is here a dangerous sandy bay, sometimes fatally mistaken by mariners for the mouth of Cork harbour ; a hard sand obstructs the entrance. The mouth of this bay opens due west, whereas that of Cork harbour lies in north.
Barry's Castle ^^^^ ^^ ^^^ S. W. in the parish of Bealfoyl, is Barry's

Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog

River Lee frozen and thousands starved

Cork · city · Cork · 1739–1740

In the severe winter of 1739, the River Lee froze from December 29th to January 6th and people walked across it. That year thousands starved due to the extreme conditions, and 1740 was another dear year with thousands perishing.

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1739. The River Lee frozen from 29th Decker to ye 6th of Jany. and walked over by ye
people. That year thousands starved.

Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 267

As the companion tells it

Up ahead is Cork. In 1739 the River Lee froze from December 29th to January 6th, and people walked across it. That year thousands starved. 1740 was another dear year, with thousands perishing from the extreme conditions.

Rosscarbery cathedral founded by St. Fachnan

Ross Carbery · town · Cork · 500–600

The cathedral at Ross is supposed to have been founded by St. Fachnan, who flourished in the beginning of the sixth century. He was called Fachnan Mongach or 'the hairy,' being born with hair, and was also abbot of Molana Abbey on an island in the Blackwater near Youghal.

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see. The cathedral is supposed to have been founded by St Fachnan, who flourished in the beginning of the sixth century. The writer of the life of St. Mocoemoge, (who founded the church of Kineigh, an ancient bishopric, but united to this diocese before the arrival of the English), calls him a man of wisdom and probity. He was named Fachnan Mongach, or " the hairy," being born with hair ; he was abbot of the abbey of Molana, an island in the Blackwater, near Youghal. The same ancient writer relates the following passage of St. Fachnan, his abbey, and school : —
" St. Fachnan lived in a monastery of his own foundation ; there is a city grown up "in which always continued a large seminary for scholars, which is called Ross- " Alithri."

Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 139

As the companion tells it

Coming up now through Ross Carbery in Cork. The cathedral here is supposed to have been founded by Saint Fachnan, who flourished in the beginning of the sixth century. He was named Fachnan Mongach, or the hairy, because he was born with hair. He was also abbot of Molana, an abbey on an island in the Blackwater near Youghal. An ancient writer, the writer of the life of Saint Mocoemoge, who founded the church of Kineigh, called Fachnan a man of wisdom and probity. That same writer relates that Saint Fachnan lived in a monastery of his own foundation, and that a city grew up around it, in which there always continued a large seminary for scholars, called Ross-Alithri.

Rostellan Castle and Inchiquin Seat

Rostellan · townland · Cork · 1645

A castle at Rostellan, two miles west of Cloyne, was built by the Fitz-Geralds and taken by Murrough, Lord President of Munster, in 1645, then retaken the same year by the Earl of Castlehaven. The present house of the Earl of Inchiquin was built on the castle ruins, situated on an arm of the sea at the harbour of Cork.

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Rostillian, two miles W. of Cloyne, formerly belonged to Rostilhan. Ro^^rt Fitz-Stephen, to whom half of the kingdom of Cork was granted. But the castle, which some years ago stood here, was built by the Fitz-Geralds. It is at present the seat of the Right Hon. the Earl of Inchiquin, whose ancestor, Murrough, lord president of Munster, took this castle, ann. 1645, which was the same year retaken by the Earl of Castlehaven. It is a noble seat, pleasantly situated on an arm of the sea, at the* S. E. side of the harbour of Cork, where the tide gently flows to the garden wall, and boats come up to the stairs. The present house was built on the ruins of the ancient castle. On a terrace, near the water, are some small pieces of cannon mounted, which, upon firing, render several echoes through the various hills that surround the harbour. In the house are several good family pictures ; on the staircase are two large pair of those fossil horns, known by the name of moose horns. From this pleasing situation one may see —
. The crowded ports, Where rising masts an endless prospect yield,

Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 62

Second military review at Tallow, September 1622

Tallow · town · Waterford · 1622

On 5 September 1622, commissioners reviewed at Tallow 323 horse in four troops and 754 foot in eight companies, all tenants of the Earl of Cork planted on the seigniories purchased from Sir Walter Raleigh, including 18 freeholders and 30 copyholders.

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On the 5 th of September, the-^me year, there were <^'> reviewed at Tallow, by the same commissioner^^s23S horse, in four troops, well mounted, armed, and disciplined, comm^ded by Sir Robert Tynte, Knight, Sir John Leake, Knight, Captairrkobert Gore, and Captain Roger Carew, with 20 other officers, lieutenants cornets, etc. ; also 754 fo9t, in eight companies, commanded by Captain Richard Smith, Captain Thomas Mansfield, Captain John Strongman, Captain Richard Joliff, Captain Anthony SouthweTl7"eaptS!r-5e&t::Qglethorp, Captain Gregory Segar, and Captain Gyles Bernard, with lieutenants, ensigns, Serjeants, drums, etc., among whom were 18 freeholders and 30 copyholders, all tenants to the Earl of Cork, and by him planted on the seigniories purchased from Sir Walter Raleigh.
The great services performed by these forces and their descendants, under the Lords Dungarvan, Kinalmeaky, and Broghil, sons to the said Earl, upon the breaking out of the rebellion, will appear hereafter/^3)

Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 24

St. Bartholomew's well and healing of soldiers

Rochfordstown · townland · Cork

A well dedicated to St. Bartholomew near Rochfordstown was destroyed by the Bandon railway. A regiment returning from foreign service, grievously afflicted with scurvy, encamped near the well and the men were healed by drinking its water.

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"Destroyed by the Bandon railway. — Some years ago a regiment returned from *' foreign service, and, grievously afflicted with scurvy, encamped in the vicinity of this *' well, and the men were healed by drinking the water." — R. C.
Page 353. Ballynaspig, t.e,^ " Bishops-town." This was formerly the country residence of the bishops of Cork, and only passed from them when the temporalities of the see were vested in the Ecclesiastical Commissioners. The chapel was built by the munificence of Bishop Peter Browne in 1730. Dr. Caulfield notes : —

Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 205

Stupendous sea arch in Myross parish

Myross · townland · Cork

A remarkable natural arch large enough for a boat to pass through is located in the parish of Myross, near where the dean usually embarked. The text describes the dramatic coastal scenery and rock formations around it.

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(>o) This alludes to a stupendous arch, through which a boat may row. It is in the parish of Miros, and not far from the place where the dean usually embarked. Near the west head of Castlehaven are deep caves, which are low at the entrance, but grow higher within. The swell of the sea raises a boat up to the roof almost, when one is in ; which also, by turns, closes up the entrance and makes them very dark and gloomy.
i") For the sake of the English reader, I shall subjoin the following translation by the Rev. Dr. Dunkin : —

Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 141

The Old Barn at Rock of Egmont, Churchtown

near Churchtown · town · Cork

On an eminence called the Rock of Egmont near Churchtown stands a curious stone-roofed building known as the Old Barn, traditionally said to have been a barn and cider-press. The building is L-shaped with vaults and a stone arch roof in perfect preservation.

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" Near Churchtown on an eminence called ' the Rock of Egmont' stands a curious " stone-roofed building called * the Old Barn.' Enquiring of a neighbouring farmer, he " said 'it was very old, and had been a bam and cider-press, that it had not been used " for such in either his own time or his father's, but that an old woman had told him *' she had heard Mick Barry's children say that they had heard their father tell he *' remembered it being a barn and cider-press.' The building is in the form of an L, " and stands nearly east and west. The entrance is north under a broad, flat archway, "to which there is a corresponding archway on the south. From the holes in the *' wall it would appear to have been lofted, but I should not suppose there ever had " been a floor put up. There is also a doorway to the west. Under the north and east *' part of the building are two vaults — one has a doorway with windows on each side, " the other only a doorway. These vaults, which are said to have been the cider-press, " are arched with brick, and most of the doorway arches are also on brick. The entire " roof is stone — the same material as the walls — ^uncut, and with no other support than " its cement of mortar ; it forms nearly a sharp arch, and is in perfect preservation, " and has never been plastered inside or out."
Page 292. Buttevant Croker illustrates his notes on Buttevant Abbey with a drawing in sepia of the east window from the interior, and the remains of a fresco painting in the abbey. In this is a ladder of

Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 182

Wallinstown Castle and ancient church on Little Island

near Little Island · townland · Cork

The tower of Wallinstown Castle, buried in ivy, stands on the grounds of Phineas Bury on Little Island, formerly belonging to the Earls of Barrymore. Near the castle are remains of a small elegant church with a lancet-arched entrance and two or three chapels where people still bury; one chapel bears a fragmentary slate inscription reading 'Body of Curnil.'

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" The Little Island has many gentlemen's seats : — i. Sunlodge(0 the residence of ** Mrs. Oliver, widow of the late Right Honble. Silver Oliver, which has a grotto or ** bathing place, situated close to the shore, 2. Of Phineas Bury, who was owner of *' the entire island, and on whose grounds the tower of Wallinstown castle remains, "buried in ivy. Near the castle stood the mansion-house which was pulled down by " the late Mr. Bury, and by whom the present house was built upon a different scite. *' Near the castle are the remains of a church, small but very elegant, with lancet- "arched entrance, the stone work remaining. There have been .two if not three " chapels. People still bury there. In one chapel is a fragment of an inscription cut *• very deep on slate stone: — 'Body of Curnil.' We smile at the spelling, which is *• nevertheless the proper one. The ground slopes down from the old gardens ** and chapels to a beautiful lake, surrounded by fine timber. In it are islands, and it •* is abundantly stocked with wild ducks, coots, swans, &c. — for its extent I have never •* seen anything more placidly beautiful. The present house combines comfort and •* grandeur beyond what is often met with. The living at present is united with ** Rathcoony and Cahirlog, and forms Glanmire. Wallinstown castle belonged to the *' Earls of Barrymore, from thence it passed into Lord Lisle's family "
Copy of MS. from the Roche papers : —

Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 85

As the companion tells it

Somewhere close to Little Island, the tower of Wallinstown Castle stands buried in ivy on the grounds of Phineas Bury, who owned the entire island. The castle once belonged to the Earls of Barrymore, and from them it passed into Lord Lisle's family. Near the castle stood the old mansion-house, which the late Mr. Bury pulled down, building the present house on a different site. Near the castle are the remains of a church, small but very elegant, with a lancet-arched entrance and the stone work still remaining. There have been two, if not three, chapels, and people still bury there. In one chapel is a fragment of an inscription cut very deep on slate stone, reading, "Body of Curnil." The old account smiles at the spelling, but says it is nevertheless the proper one. The ground slopes down from the old gardens and chapels to a beautiful lake, surrounded by fine timber. The lake has islands in it and is abundantly stocked with wild ducks, coots, and swans. The writer says that for its extent he never saw anything more placidly beautiful. The present house, he notes, combines comfort and grandeur beyond what is often met with. The living here is now united with Rathcoony and Cahirlog, and forms Glanmire.

Wine wreck at Burrin and Donald Ni-pipy

Burren · townland · Cork

A shipwreck cast pipes of wine ashore at Burrin, which became the property of Donald Ni-pipy. This event was considered a fortunate sign in those superstitious times.

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(aO This Donald Ni-pipy was so-called, because, in his time, some pipes of wine were cast on shore at Burrin, and consequently, were his right, being a wreck, and accordingly he had them, which, in ■ those superstitious times, was reckoned very fortunate ; the wreck being esteemed (as the Cornish men's phrase is) God's goods. His grandson, Donald Mac Cormac, was high sheriff of this county, and a Protestant, anno 1635. The additional name of Reagh was annexed to this family from the time of Donald Reagh, one of its ancestors, to distinguish it from the other family of Mac Carthy More.
(33) Kilbritton belonged to the Lords Kingsale long before Mac Carty Reagh possessed it. For, by a composition of Walter de la Haye, the king's escheator of Ireland, anno 23, Edw. I. 1295, the manor of Kilbritton and Ringrone, with the mills, fisheries, etc., thereto belonging; the lands of Corrotsheran, Holdemess, Liflfynin, Tathax, Lysside, and Kingsale, in the county of Cork ; and other places in the extent roll taken on the occasion, being seized into the king's hands, upon the death of John de Courcey, who was slain by Mac Carty the same year, in the island of Inchydonny (as appears by a certificate of Samuel Mollineaux, Ulster king-at-arms, concerning the said battle.) This Walter restores the said lands, &c., on a composition of 12/. 12s. to James Keating, per brevi domini regis, &c. And the said Walter de la Haye restores the country oi Glynardall, and other lands in the county of Kerry, to the said Keating, for the use of the heir of the Said John, Lord Courcey. Concordat cum original in thes. infra Cast Dubl. rememb. Philip rercevall, penes dominum de Kingsale.

Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 17

As the companion tells it

Somewhere around here, close to Burren, a shipwreck once cast pipes of wine ashore. In those days, whatever the sea threw up belonged to the lord of the land, as wreck. The wine became the property of a man known as Donald Ni-pipy, and he took his name from the event, for the pipes of wine were his right. The book calls this, in its own words, "God's goods," as the Cornish men's phrase had it. In those superstitious times, such a wreck was reckoned very fortunate. Donald Ni-pipy's grandson was Donald Mac Cormac, who served as high sheriff of this county in 1635, and was a Protestant. The family also took the additional name of Reagh, from the time of Donald Reagh, one of its ancestors, to distinguish it from the other family of Mac Carty More. Near here too, Kilbritton belonged to the Lords Kingsale long before Mac Carty Reagh possessed it. In 1295, Walter de la Haye, the king's escheator of Ireland, made a composition by which the manor of Kilbritton and Ringrone, with the mills, fisheries and lands thereto belonging, were seized into the king's hands upon the death of John de Courcey, who was slain by Mac Carty the same year on the island of Inchydonny. Walter de la Haye restored the said lands to James Keating, and also restored the country of Glynardall and other lands in Kerry to Keating, for the use of the heir of the said John, Lord Courcey.

Youghal town incorporation and Desmond family foundations

Youghal · town · Cork · 1462–1463

Youghal, the most considerable town in the barony, was incorporated by King Edward IV in 1462 through the interest of Thomas, Earl of Desmond. The Desmond family erected the collegiate church, college-house, and founded two religious houses adjoining the town.

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Charters ^^^ ^^^ taxed in common with the barony of Imokilly. It was incorporated^*^ by King Edward IV., in the second year of his reign, by the interest of Thomas, the great Earl of Desmond, who, the following year — 1463 — was made lord deputy of Ireland. This family had formerly a great interest in this town, for they not only erected the collegiate church and college-house, but also founded two religious houses adjoining to it. King Richard 111.^5) in the second year of his
they are soit and will easily rub down with the hand ; they are of different grits and colours, and are made up of different sands and clays mingled together. The clay is soft, both to the hand and taste, in some pieces white, and in others grey ; though, in some places, the sand and clay are hardened to the consistence and colour of such oval stones as we usually see in the fields ; but where they are at the softest, the bed that each stone lies in is always hard and of another grit and colour. — Philosophical Transact.^ N. 175, p. 157.

Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 52

Inishannon church chalice legacy of Thomas Adderley, 1692

Innishannon · town · Cork · 1692

A silver chalice belonging to Inishannon church bears the inscription 'The Legacy of Thomas Adderley, esq., to the Parish of Inishannon, 1692.' The hall-mark indicates it was manufactured in Cork by Robert Goble, master of the company of goldsmiths, Cork, 1694.

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" Feb. 16, 1 88 1. — Mr. Breton, silversmith, Cork, showed me a very fine chalice which *'he was repairing, belonging to Inishannon church, on which was the following *' inscription : — ' The Legacy of Thomas Adderley, esq., to the Parish of Inishannon, *' ' 1692.' Hall-mark, R. G., a ship(»3) between two castles. From this it would seem " to be manufactured in Cork, Robert Goble was master of the company of goldsmiths, " Cork, 1694."— R. C.
Dr. Caulfield has also the following : —

Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 129

Poor relief and burial customs at Kinsale church

Kinsale · town · Cork · 1714–1723

The Kinsale parish accounts record three gold rings valued at over three pounds being ordered sold for the relief of the poor in 1717-18. In 1723, entries detail costs for opening tombs, providing coffins, pipes, and tobacco for three widows, and carrying them to the grave, illuminating early eighteenth-century burial customs.

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** 1714, May 12 — Agreed that the several benefactors to the church shall have " inscriptions mentioning the sum left to the poor, &c. 17 14, Nov. 13— Amongst the
Page 206. or St. Multos.

Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 135

As the companion tells it

Kinsale, the town ahead. The old parish accounts here mention St. Multos, but the page gives nothing more.

1698 census of seafaring men in Cork city

Cork · city · Cork · 1698

According to Captain South's account published in the Philosophical Transactions, Cork city had 58 seamen, 34 fishermen, and 91 boatmen in 1698, totalling 183 men, of whom 111 were Catholics. By the 1740s the number had grown so much it was difficult to reckon.

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In the year 1698, according to Captain South's account, in the Phil. Transact, No. 261, p. 591, there were in the city 58 seamen, 34 fishermen, 91 boatmen, in all 183; whereof 1 1 1 were Papists ; but^the number is at present so great they are not easily to be reckoned.
For packing, salting, and barrelling beef, this city gives place to no other in Europe. The want of bark occasions the exportation of so many raw hides, which might, in a great measure, be supplied by the use of tormentil roots. Shank bones are also exported, in considerable quantities, to Holland and other places ; they are used by turners, toymen, cutlers, bead makers, etc. Of the parings of the hides, as also of the feet and sinews, they make glue. The horns afford various manufactures, and are of use to homers, turners, lantern makers, cutlers, and comb makers, etc. Considerable quantities of soap and candles are manufactured of the tallow. The short hair is used for stuffing saddles, etc. ; the longer sort is curled for the same use ; and that which is longest, they make into carpets and floor-cloths, at Rouen and Elbeuf, in Normandy. The bowels being prepared are used by gold-beaters to manufacture their gold and silver. The gall is useful to scourers and cloth-workers, and large quantities of bladders are exported for various uses. By an arrit of the 29th of June, 1688, there was a duty laid in France upon Irish beef of 5 livres the hundred-weight ; but by a second arritoi the 7th of December, the same year, and by another of the 20th of May, 1704, salt beef imported into the towns of Havre, Nantes, St. Malo, Rochelle, Bordeaux and Brest, in order to be exported again to the French American colonies, was to be discharged from paying the said duty, observing, notwithstanding all other injunctions in the said arret

Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 219

As the companion tells it

As you pass through Cork, the city in 1698 was counted by Captain South, in an account published in the Philosophical Transactions. He found 58 seamen here, 34 fishermen, and 91 boatmen, 183 men in all, of whom 111 were Catholics. By the 1740s the number had grown so much it was not easily reckoned. Cork in this period gave place to no other city in Europe for packing, salting, and barrelling beef. The want of bark sent many raw hides abroad, though tormentil roots might have supplied the deficiency. Shank bones went in considerable quantities to Holland and elsewhere, used by turners, toymen, cutlers, and bead makers. From the parings of hides, and from the feet and sinews, they made glue. The horns served homers, turners, lantern makers, cutlers, and comb makers. Considerable quantities of soap and candles were manufactured from the tallow. The short hair was used for stuffing saddles, the longer sort curled for the same purpose, and the longest made into carpets and floor-cloths at Rouen and Elbeuf in Normandy. The bowels, prepared, were used by gold-beaters to manufacture their gold and silver. The gall served scourers and cloth-workers, and large quantities of bladders were exported for various uses. On the 29th of June 1688, a duty of 5 livres per hundredweight was laid in France upon Irish beef. But by a further decree on the 7th of December that year, and another on the 20th of May 1704, salt beef imported into Havre, Nantes, St Malo, Rochelle, Bordeaux, and Brest, for re-export to the French American colonies, was discharged from paying that duty.

Ballycotton strand, bay and island

Ballycotton · town · Cork

The strand of Ballycotton is four miles long, smooth and level. The island is a high small spot covered in season with nests of sea-fowls and puffins' eggs, and the bay yields flatfish, lobsters, sea-trouts, and a peculiar crab species called the man-crab with a human face on its back.

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The strand of Ballycotton is four miles long, smooth and ^Stond!^^ level, and very agreeable to take the air on. The point of Ring forms the east side of this bay, and Ballycotton point and island the western extremity of it The shore, towards the west, rounds in a large semicircle, like the hollow of a fine amphitheatre. The island is a high small spot, which, in the proper season, is almost covered with nests of various sea-fowls and puffins' eggs, that breed here in great multitudes. In this bay and coast are taken several kinds of fish, particularly excellent flatfish, lobsters, and sea-trouts. There are here a species of crabs called man-crabs, from the resemblance of a human face on the back of them. As also the spider-fish, being a kind of crab with longer claws, and fewer than the common crab, observable only on the shores of this bay. From the island of Ballycotton may be seen Kinsale head and the mouth of Cork harbour.
Ballymaloe T^o miles west of this strand is the castle of Ballymaloe,

Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 59

Bishop Stopford's bequest to St. Fin Barre's library

Cork · city · Cork · 1805

The Hon. Thomas Stopford, a man of learning, left by will a valuable collection of books to St. Fin Barre's library in Cork. He died at Dublin and was buried at St. Andrew's on 21 January 1805.

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subsequently translated to Leighlin and Ferns, and afterwards became, in 1809, archbishop of Dublin. Dr. William Foster (son of Lord Chief Baron) succeeded in 1790. He was translated to Kilmore, and in 1796 to Clogher, where he died. Dr. William Bennett, his successor, was translated to Qoyne in June, 1794. The Hon. Thomas Stopford succeeded, and appears to have been a man of learning ; he left by will a valuable collection of books to St. Fin Barrels library. Dying at Dublin, he was buried at St. Andrew's on the 21st January, 1805. Lord John George Beresford, afterwards lord primate, succeeded in 1805. He was succeeded by the Hon. Thomas St. Lawrence, dean of Cork, in 1807 ; he died at the palace, Cork, on the loth of February, 1831, and was buried in the bishops' vault under the church. Dr. Samuel Kyle, provost of Trinity College, Dublin, succeeded by letters- patent, dated iith March, 1 831. In oriental and classical learning Dr. Kyle was one of the most distinguished scholars of his age. On the death of Bishop Brinkley in 1835, Dr. Kyle became bishop of Cork, Qoyne, and Koss. He died on the 1 8th of May, 1848, and was buried in the chapel of Trinity College, where a tablet has been erected to his memory, and a marble bust set up in the library. Dr. James Wilson, precentor of St. Patrick's Cath^ral, succeeded ; he was a man of a kind disposition, and beloved by all who knew him ; he died at the Palace, Cork, 5th January, 1857, and was buried under his own cathedra], his coffin being placed by the side of that of Bishop St. Lawrence. Dr. Wilson was succeeded by the learned Dr. William Fitzgerald, archdeacon of Kildare. This eminent divine successively filled the offices of Professor of Moral Philosophy and Ecclesiastical History in the University of Dublin. He was the chief contributor to an important series of papers, Cautions fortfu Times, Amongst many other valuable publications with which he has adorned the literature of his country, we may specially mention his edition of Bishop Butler's Analogy, with Notes and a Life of the Author y and A Translation of Dr» fVhitaket's Disputation on Holy Scripture, with Notes, published by the Parker Society. It was during the occupation and under the patronage of this prelate that the chapter first considered the best steps to be taken for the rebuilding of St. Fin Barre's Cathedral. He was translated to Killaloe by letters-patent, 3rd February, 1 8(32.

Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 252

As the companion tells it

As you pass through Cork, the city holds the memory of a bequest that reached it from Dublin. St. Fin Barre's library once received a valuable collection of books, left by will by the Hon. Thomas Stopford. Stopford had succeeded Dr. William Bennett, who was translated to Cloyne in June 1794. By the record, Stopford appears to have been a man of learning. He did not die in Cork. He died at Dublin, and was buried at St. Andrew's on the 21st of January, 1805. But his books came here, to St. Fin Barre's, and they remained as his gift to the library of this city. After his death, the seat did not stay empty long. Lord John George Beresford, afterwards lord primate, succeeded in 1805. Then the Hon. Thomas St. Lawrence, dean of Cork, followed in 1807. St. Lawrence died at the palace in Cork on the 10th of February, 1831, and was buried in the bishops' vault under the church. The succession continued. Dr. Samuel Kyle, provost of Trinity College, Dublin, succeeded by letters patent dated the 11th of March, 1831. In oriental and classical learning, Kyle was one of the most distinguished scholars of his age. On the death of Bishop Brinkley in 1835, Kyle became bishop of Cork, Cloyne, and Ross. He died on the 18th of May, 1848, and was buried in the chapel of Trinity College, where a tablet was erected to his memory and a marble bust set up in the library. So Stopford's gift of books came to a library in a city where bishops lived, died, and were laid to rest under churches and cathedrals.

Castlehaven castle and the Audley family

Castlehaven · townland · Cork · 1602–1617

An old castle guarded the entrance to Castlehaven harbour, though the adjoining hills commanded it. The place belonged to the O'Driscols and later to the Audley family; George Lord Audley was created Earl of Castlehaven in 1617.

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Castlehaven, formerly called Glanbarahane, and by the Spaniards, Porto Castello, famous for a notable sea-fight between Sir Richard Levison and Don Pedro de Zuibar, the Spanish admiral, anno 1602. Near the entrance is an old castle to command the harbour, but the hills adjoining command the castle. The place formerly belonged to O'Driscol, and afterwards to the Audley family. ^9) George Lord Audley who was governor of Utrecht, and was sorely wounded at the battle of Kinsale, anno 1602, was, for his eminent services, created Earl of Castlehaven, and Baron of Orier, in the county of Armagh, by letters-patent, September 6, 1617, 14 Jac. I. The parish church of Castlehaven is dedicated to Saint Barahane ; and near it is a deep rocky glen, called Glanbarahane. There was some years ago a linen manufacture, at Killehanghill, near this place, but it is now ceased.
Galleon Point ^^^ eastern point of this harbour is called Galleon

Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 141

As the companion tells it

Somewhere around here is Castlehaven, once called Glanbarahane, and by the Spaniards, Porto Castello. It was famous for a notable sea-fight between Sir Richard Levison and Don Pedro de Zuibar, the Spanish admiral, in 1602. Near the entrance to the harbour stands an old castle meant to command it, though the hills adjoining command the castle. The place formerly belonged to O'Driscol, and afterwards to the Audley family. George Lord Audley, who was governor of Utrecht and was sorely wounded at the battle of Kinsale in 1602, was created Earl of Castlehaven and Baron of Orier, in the county of Armagh, by letters-patent on September 6, 1617, in the 14th year of King James the First, for his eminent services. The parish church of Castlehaven is dedicated to Saint Barahane, and near it is a deep rocky glen called Glanbarahane.

Castle-Martyr Fitz-Geralds, Seneschals of Imokilly

Castlemartyr · townland · Cork

The Fitz-Geralds of Castle-Martyr served as Seneschals of Imokilly, appointed by the Earls of Desmond who were lords of that barony. The estate was given to them by their cousin Thomas Nappah and was forfeited by Edmund Fitz-Gerald in the 1641 rebellion.

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The Fitz-Geralds of Castle-Martyr, formerly called Seneschals of Imokilly (being so appointed by the Earls of Desmond, who were lords of this barony), derived themselves from a second son of Maurice, Knight of Kerry, fourth son of John Fitz-Thomas Fitz- Gerald, who was murdered at Callin, in Desmond, by Mac Carty. This estate was given them by their cousin, Thomas Nappah, which they enjoyed till the rebellion of 1641, when it was forfeited by Edmund Fitz-Gerald. Sir John Fitz-Edmond, of Cloyne, was also descended from the house of Desmond.
The whole barony of Kerricurihy was given to Sir Maurice, of Desmond, by his brother James, the 1 5th Earl of Desmond. This Sir Maurice murdered James Fitz- Maurice (who was, a little before, returned out of England, to take possession of the earldom, upon the death of his grandfather, Thomas Meale, Earl of Desmond), in the barony of Fermoy, as he was going to the county of Limerick. This Sir Thomas, of Desmond, possessed this barony 30 years, and was himself slain, anno ISS^> ^y Dermot Mac Teig Carty, Lord Muskery. He left issue, two sons and three daughters. The eldest daughter was married to Mac Carty Reagh, the second to Lord Roche, and the third to the said Dermot Mac Teig, Lord Muskery. Thomas, the eldest son, soon died after his father's murder, leaving issue, Thomas Oge, who was also slain ; but James, his second son, lived long after. He brought the Italian forces to Smirwick, in Kerry, and was slain by the son of William de Burgo, etiias Bourk, anno 1579, for which his father was created Lord Baron of Castleconnel. By this rebellion the barony of Kerricurihy became forfeited to the Crown, by Act of Parliament, 28 Eliz. cap. 7.

Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 22

Charles Fort royal fortification near Kinsale

near Charles Fort · monument · Cork · 1670–1681

Charles Fort, named in honour of King Charles II by the Duke of Ormond in 1681, was begun in 1670 with the first stone laid by the Earl of Orrery and finished at a cost of £73,000. It mounted one hundred brass cannon and stood one mile east of Kinsale.

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Fort, so called (in honour of King Charles II.) by the Duke of Ormond, anno 1681, who then came to review it. It was begun in the year 1670, the first stone being laid by the Earl of Orrery and was finished at the expense of ;6 73,000. On the works to the sea are one hundred pieces of brass cannon mounted, carrying from twenty-four to forty-two pound ball. The embrasures are all bomb-proof It is a regular fortification, with a strong citadel to the land side. This fort is so situated that all ships coming into the harbour must sail within pistol shot of the royal battery. It stands one mile east of Kinsale, and hath a regiment of foot always quartered in it, besides another in the town, who may be thrown in at a minute's warning.
Before this fortification was built there was one on the opposite side called the Old Fort. The block-house still remains, and is capable, if there was occasion, to have cannon mounted on its rampart Both these forts were taken by the Earl of Marlborough, ann. 1691. Sir Richard Booth was the last governor of the Old Fort

Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 120

As the companion tells it

Somewhere about Charles Fort, near here, you have one of the great fortifications of the Cork coast. The Duke of Ormond gave it the name Charles Fort in 1681, in honour of King Charles the Second, when he came to review it. The first stone was laid in 1670 by the Earl of Orrery, and the whole thing was finished at a cost of 73,000 pounds. On the works facing the sea, one hundred brass cannon were mounted, carrying shot from twenty-four to forty-two pounds. The embrasures were all bomb-proof, and a strong citadel faced the land. The fort sat where every ship entering the harbour had to sail within pistol shot of the royal battery. It stood one mile east of Kinsale, and always had a regiment of foot quartered inside, with another in the town ready to be thrown in at a minute's warning. Before this fort was built there was one on the opposite side, called the Old Fort. The block-house there still remains, and cannon could be mounted on its rampart again if needed. Both forts were taken by the Earl of Marlborough in 1691. Sir Richard Booth was the last governor of the Old Fort.

David Fleury monument in Doneraile churchyard

Doneraile · townland · Cork

A black marble monument enclosed with iron rails in the churchyard commemorates David Fleury and his wife, who was born in Normandy. He bequeathed the interest of £50 a year forever to the poor of the parish.

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In the churchyard is a monument of black marble, enclosed with iron rails, to the memory of David Fleury, and his wife, who was born at La Provotiere, in the parish of Torchand, in Normandy, France. He bequeathed the interest of £$0 a year for ever to the poor of this parish.
On the remains of the castle a barrack is erected for a horse troop. This place, being a borough, has the privilege of returning two members to parliament

Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 176

Dominican Friary site (St. Mary of the Island), Cork

Cork · city · Cork · 1381–1578

Walker's distillery was built on the site of the Dominican Friary, formerly called the Abbey of St. Mary of the Island. Edmund Mortimer, Earl of March and Ulster, died there in 1381, and John Colton took his oath as Lord Justice the following day. In 1578 the bishop publicly burned the image of St. Dominick at the high cross of Cork.

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" In 1381, Edmund Mortimer, Earl of March and Ulster, and Lord Lieutenant of " Ireland, died in this monastery on the 26th December {Cox i., 135), and John Colton "being appointed Lord Justice, took the oath of office in this house on the following "day." — \Ware's Bishops^ 84]. — Vide Monasticum Hibernicum,
" In 1484 in a General Chapter of this Order held at Rome the loth November, a " license was granted to Laurence Moral, Prior Provincial, to reform this convent."

Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 233

As the companion tells it

Up ahead is Cork, where the Dominican Friary once stood, the Abbey of St. Mary of the Island. On 26 December 1381 Edmund Mortimer, Earl of March and Ulster and Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, died in that monastery. The next day John Colton, appointed Lord Justice, took his oath of office there. In 1484 a general chapter at Rome granted Laurence Moral, Prior Provincial, license to reform the convent. In 1578 the bishop burned the image of St. Dominick at Cork's high cross.

Elizabeth I charter defines liberties and bounds of Kinsale

Kinsale · town · Cork · 1588

Queen Elizabeth I's thirtieth-year charter defined the liberties of Kinsale, extending from Coolhaven and Glanknucknegool in the north to the church of Dunderrow in the east and Glasheen in the west. The sovereign was granted powers as admiral, escheator, clerk of the market, and justice of the peace within these bounds.

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thirtieth year of her reign. She grants them power to purchase land to the value of £2p per annum. Their liberties to extend, by sea, one mile further than in King Edward's charter, and one and a-half round the walls — ^viz., from the town to the north part of the territory of Coolhaven and Glanknucknegool ; to the north, into the old court of Glawntanellie and Court a Terteen, beyond the water and passage of Kinsale ; to the south, from Bellgooly and Prehane ; on the east part to the church of Dunderrow ; and the part of Glasheen towards the west ; all the said lands and persons on the same to be under the jurisdiction of the sovereign of Kinsale, who, with the burgesses, may perambulate these bounds as often as they please. The sovereign to be escheator, clerk of the market, examiner, ganger, &c., within the liberties ; one half of the profits to go to the queen and the other to the corporation. Power to collect the customs, and appoint a customer from Kinsale in all the ports west to the Dorsey Islands, to continue but one year in his office, and the profits to be accounted for into the exchequer. The sovereign to be admiral of all the said creeks and bays. The sovereign, recorder, and two burgesses to be justices of the peace and of gaol delivery (treasons delivered by the stat. of the 25th of Edward III. excepted), and to have a gaol in the said town, and no other justice to make gaol delivery, treasons excepted. The sergeantat-mace attending the sovereign and recorder to make proper return of panels, inquisitions, &c., as is practised by any sheriff. A market to be held on Wednesday and Saturday, and a fair on the feast of St. Bartholomew, and two days after. The sovereign to be clerk of the same, with power to hold a court of pie-powder, &c. The custom called the cocket of hides granted to the town. Also ^3 6s. Sd. rent, issuing out of Courcey's country, which came to the crown by the attainder of Gerald, late earl of Desmond. To hold the same for thirty-one years, from the date of those patents. Enrolled at Dublin, May loth, ann. Eliz. 31.

Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 117

As the companion tells it

We're coming into Kinsale now. In 1588, Queen Elizabeth I granted a charter in the thirtieth year of her reign that defined the liberties of this town. The charter set the bounds by sea one mile further than King Edward's charter had done, and one and a half miles round the walls. To the north, the liberties ran to the territory of Coolhaven and Glanknucknegool, and into the old court of Glawntanellie and Court a Terteen, beyond the water and passage of Kinsale. To the south they reached from Bellgooly and Prehane. On the east they extended to the church of Dunderrow, and towards the west to Glasheen. All the lands and persons within these bounds came under the jurisdiction of the sovereign of Kinsale, who with the burgesses could walk these bounds as often as they pleased. The sovereign was to be admiral of all the creeks and bays, escheator, clerk of the market, examiner, and ganger within the liberties. The sovereign, the recorder, and two burgesses were to be justices of the peace and of gaol delivery, with a gaol in the town, and no other justice to make gaol delivery, treasons excepted. Half the profits went to the queen, half to the corporation. Power was given to collect customs and appoint a customer from Kinsale in all ports west to the Dorsey Islands, for one year only. A market was to be held on Wednesday and Saturday, and a fair on the feast of St. Bartholomew and two days after. The custom called the cocket of hides was granted to the town, and a rent of 3 pounds, 6 shillings and 8 pence issuing out of Courcey's country, which came to the crown by the attainder of Gerald, late earl of Desmond. The patents were enrolled at Dublin on May 10th, in the thirty-first year of Elizabeth.

French arrival in Bantry Bay and Earl of Bantry

near Bantry Bay · bay · Cork · 1797

Richard White was elevated to the Irish peerage in 1797 for his services to the State on the occasion of the arrival of the French in Bantry Bay. He was further advanced to Earl Bantry and Viscount Berehaven in 1816.

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Earl of Bantry. Richard White was elevated to the peerage of Ireland in 1797 for his services to the State on the occasion of the arrival of the French in Bantry bay. Advanced to the dignity of Viscount in 1800, and Earl Bantry and Viscount Berehaven in 1816. Title extinct in 1892 by the death of William Hare White fourth earl. The estates passed to the female succession.
Earl Listovvel. William Hare, of county Cork, who represented Cork in the Irish Parliament, and Athy at the time of the Union, was elevated to the peerage of Ireland as Baron Ennismore, county Kerry, in 1800, Viscount Ennismore in 1816, and Earl of Listowcl in 1822. William Hare, of Convamore, the third and present earl, was in 1869 created Baron Hare of Convamore, county Cork, in the peerage of the United Kingdom.

Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 279

Joseph Harris bequest for mathematical lectures in Cork and Midleton

Midleton · town · Cork

Joseph Harris of Cork bequeathed the profits of his estate to support a mathematical lecturer in the city, with the fund reverting to the school of Midleton if the lectures were neglected. The lecture was briefly held by Mr. Wallis but soon lapsed for lack of attendance.

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^q^uest profits of his estate, after the death of his father, mother, sister, and wife, who are long deceased, to the bishop and mayor of Cork, for the time being, to be for the support and maintenance of the mathematical lecturer, who is to hold such lectures in this city. And if it be neglected for six months after the deaths of the said persons, this lecture, and the fund for supporting it, he bequeaths to the school of Midleton, to be held in the said school. After the death of the said persons this lecture was, for a short time, held by Mr. Wallis, who was made lecturer, but few or none attending the same it soon dropped.
Mrs. Mary Sheerman, among other charitable bequests, left ;^io per annum to St. Peter's, Christ Church, and Shandon parishes, towards charity schools. A charitable foundation at Burton of £42 per annum, given by the Right Hon. the late Earl of Egmont, in the year 171 3, was the first establishment of this kind in Ireland.

Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 214

Lismore Castle besieged, Mogeely captives displayed

Lismore · town · Waterford · 1645

Captives from the surrendered Mogeely garrison were brought before Lismore Castle to terrify its besieged defenders. They were kept there overnight and not allowed to proceed to Youghal until the evening of the next day, 21 June 1645.

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This quarter was embraced by the besieged, who came forth with bag and baggage accordingly ; but were forthwith stripped of all — both goods, clothes, and arms — and brought before Lismore Castle, there to terrify the besieged, where they were kept the night, and not allowed to proceed to Youghal until towards the evening of the next day, 21 June, 1645. There is a somewhat similar letter to the commander of Temple Michell, 29 June, 1645.
306 THE ANCIENT AND PRESENT STATB OF

Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 172

Lismore school founded by Greek princes

Lismore and Mocollop · parish · Cork

A local tradition at Lismore, where there was formerly a celebrated school, held that several Greeks had studied there in former times and that the school was founded by two Greek princes. The author notes this tradition alongside references to Ireland's ancient fame for learning among the Saxons.

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being compared with Sicily in size, its being dedicated to Apollo, />., *' the sun," which planet the Irish certainly worshipped, as may be seen in a note p. 96 of this vol. The description of their temples, which were always round, and the mention of their harps, are all so many concurring circumstances, which seem more than probable that this could be no other than Ireland. For the Mona, or Anglesy of Rowland, is too inconsisiderable a spot to be meant here, {^de Rowland's Mona Antigua. ^ p. 76). And if the learned of this island, who were then the ancient Druids of it, could, as with telescopes, show the moon nearer, it may be supposed that they had made a greater progress in these sciences than is generally imagined. The nineteen years converse with Apollo, which is the cycle of the sun, the notion of the moon's opacity, and of its mountains, rocks, &c., argue them to have been no bad astronomers. I have seen schemes of the Ptolemaic system in some Irish MSS. of very great antiquity ; it is also very remarkable that they had a tradition at Lismore (where was formerly a celebrated school) of several Greeks having studied there in former times, and that said school was founded by two Greek princes.
(7) Martyr, of CasheL

Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 139

Mac Cartys of Muskerry and their forfeited titles

near Muskerry · street · Cork

The barony of Muskerry was an ancient wild and woody country where the Mac Cartys were chief proprietors for many years. The head of this branch was created Viscount Muskerry and Earl of Clancarty, titles forfeited after the revolution.

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Having thus far treated of the ancient tracts and septs of the maritime parts of this county, I now proceed to the inland territories. And first, of the large barony of Muskery, which still retains its ancient name, and was, according to the conquests of the Irish upon each other, sometimes of a greater, and, at other times, of a lesser extent Kerricurihy, called, as before, Muskery Millane, being once a part of it ; as was also Muskery Donegan, a tract lying round Baltimore. It was anciently a wild and woody country, and so continued until the days of Cambden. The Mac Cartys (»^> were, for many years, the chief proprietors of it ; and so continued long after the conquest of the English ; the head of this branch being created Viscount Muskery, and Earl of Clancarty, which titles have been forfeited since the revolution.
The other Irish septs of Muskery were the O'Learys, who had a considerable territory in the west of this barony, called Iveleary, and many castles. Also the Swinys, Riardans, and Murphys, who were all followers of Mac Carty. The modern barony of Barrets was also a part of Muskery ; as was, formerly, the present barony of Barrymore.

Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 19

As the companion tells it

Somewhere about Muskerry, you are travelling through a country that kept its ancient name. The barony of Muskerry was once a wild and woody country, and it stayed that way until the days of Cambden. Its bounds shifted over time, as the Irish conquered upon each other. Muskery Millane, or Kerricurihy, was once part of it, as was Muskery Donegan, the tract lying round Baltimore. The Mac Cartys were for many years the chief proprietors of it, and so remained long after the English conquest. The head of this branch was created Viscount Muskerry and Earl of Clancarty, titles forfeited since the revolution. Other Irish septs of Muskerry held their own ground here too. The O'Learys had a considerable territory in the west of the barony, called Iveleary, with many castles. The Swinys, the Riardans, and the Murphys were all followers of Mac Carty. The modern barony of Barrets was also part of Muskerry, as was the present barony of Barrymore formerly.

North Cork Militia evacuate Wexford; Maxwell retreats from Forth Mountain to Duncannon

Wexford · town · Wexford · 1798

On 30th May, the North Cork Militia and yeomanry held five entrances to Wexford town while Colonel Maxwell marched to the Forth Mountain with Donegal Regiment and yeomanry. Forced to retreat to Duncannon, they suffered heavy loss during the march.

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30th May. The North Cork Militia and some yeomanry held five entrances to the town of Wexford, while Colonel Maxwell, with 200 of the Donegal Regiment and 350 yeomanry, marched to the Forth Mountain, where he encountered the enemy, but was forced to retreat to Duncannon. The North Cork and yeomanry were obliged to evacuate Wexford and retreat to Duncannon. They suffered heavy loss during the march.
In the beginning of June county Cork was reported tranquil, and was supposed to be so loyal that it was impossible for treason to make any headway. However, towards the end of the month a discovery was made of an extensive plot in Cork city. It was happily discovered in time, and the project was completely defeated.

Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 285

As the companion tells it

As you pass through Wexford, on the 30th of May 1798, the North Cork Militia and some yeomanry held five entrances to this town. Colonel Maxwell, with 200 of the Donegal Regiment and 350 yeomanry, marched to the Forth Mountain, where he encountered the enemy. He was forced to retreat to Duncannon. The North Cork and yeomanry were then obliged to evacuate Wexford and retreat to Duncannon as well. They suffered heavy loss during the march. By the beginning of June, county Cork was reported tranquil, and was supposed to be so loyal that it was impossible for treason to make any headway. But towards the end of the month, a discovery was made of an extensive plot in Cork city. It was happily discovered in time, and the project was completely defeated.

Pearl Fishing on the Kenmare River

Kenmare · townland · Kerry

An Englishman spends the summer months hunting for pearls in the Kenmare river, continuing until autumn when the water becomes too cold and the river overflows. The pearls he finds are of high quality, sometimes rivaling Oriental pearls in lustre and beauty.

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Year after year an Englishman, who appears to have all the trade to himself, spends the summer months attired in oilskins in the neighbourhood of Kenmare, where he assiduously hunts for the coveted gems until the arrival of autumn, when the waters become too cold for working, and the Kenmare river overflows its banks. He then returns home, and when passing through Cork I have, by the merest chance on one occasion, seen portions of his easily-carried and patiently-acquired stock, among which were pearls that vied with the Oriental for lustre and beauty, and upon which he had placed values of from £^ to £2$ each. Our own Blackwater also yields her hidden treasures, and the late Rev. Canon Hayman has informed me that an affluent of that river, which flows under Knockmeledown, is called " the River of the Pearl" from the numbers that are found in it.^*^
(0 This is the Mya Margaratifera ; its pearis are large, clouded, and frequently misshapen.

Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 200

As the companion tells it

Somewhere close to Kenmare, an Englishman spends the summer months hunting for pearls in the Kenmare river. He has the trade to himself, and works in oilskins, searching the water patiently through the warm months. He keeps at it until autumn arrives and the water grows too cold for working, and the river overflows its banks. Then he goes home. The author once saw portions of his stock by chance in Cork, pearls among them that vied with the Oriental for lustre and beauty. The Englishman had placed values on them ranging up to £2 each. The Blackwater also yields pearls. The late Reverend Canon Hayman told the author that an affluent of that river, which flows under Knockmeledown, is called the River of the Pearl, from the numbers found in it.

Perambulation of Cork city franchises with fireworks

Cork · city · Cork · 1714

The franchises of the city of Cork were periodically perambulated by the mayor and corporation. On October 20, 1714, the perambulation concluded with fireworks and illuminations in honour of King George I's coronation.

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The franchises of the city I have already set down, • page 349 ; they have been sometimes perambulated by the mayor and corporation, in a handsome manner, particularly on October 20, 17 14, and the night concluded with very fine fireworks and illuminations, in honour of his Majesty King George I., whose coronation was that day celebrated in the city. By an order of the court of D'Oyer Hundred, the mayor was ordered to ride round the liberties and franchises of this city, May 30, 1726, and to have the same usage continued every third year, and an allowance of ;^30 was given to Mr. Ambrose Cramer, then mayor, to defray his expense on this occasion, who rode the franchises accordingly ; but this usage has been again discontinued.
In this city they have an odd custom of throwing bran on the new mayor, his officers and retinue, the day he enters into his office, which has prevailed time out of mind, being, they say, an emblem of plenty ; and notwithstanding it has been often prohibited, the custom still prevails.

Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 224

As the companion tells it

As the road takes you through Cork, this city has an old habit of walking its boundaries. The franchises of the city were sometimes perambulated by the mayor and corporation in a handsome manner. On October 20, 1714, the perambulation concluded with very fine fireworks and illuminations, in honour of King George the First, whose coronation was that day celebrated in the city. By an order of the court of D'Oyer Hundred, the mayor was ordered to ride round the liberties and franchises of this city on May 30, 1726, and to have the same usage continued every third year. An allowance of 30 pounds was given to Mr. Ambrose Cramer, then mayor, to defray his expense on this occasion, and he rode the franchises accordingly, but this usage has been again discontinued. There is also an odd custom in this city of throwing bran on the new mayor, his officers and retinue, the day he enters into his office. They say it is an emblem of plenty. It has prevailed time out of mind, and notwithstanding it has been often prohibited, the custom still prevails.

Riverstown: Bishop of Cork's seat with Franchinis stucco

Riverstown · townland · Cork

Riverstown, a mile south of Sarsfield's Court, was the pleasant seat of the Lord Bishop of Cork. The house was adorned with curious stucco work by the Franchinis Brothers, and the Glanmire river ran through gardens banked into serpentine fish-stocked canals.

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finest prospects in all this county. A mile to the S. is iverstown. Rjverstown, a pleasant seat of the Lord Bishop of Cork. The house is beautified with several curious pieces of stucco, performed by the Franchinis Brothers. The river of Glanmire runs through his gardens, banked into serpentine canals, which are stocked with carp, tench, &c., the river being grated at both ends. A pleasant park, stocked with deer, comes close to the garden walls. The adjacent country is here finely improved, well laid out and cultivated.
of the country," seem to imply an established method of building for a long time. The first stone buildings in Ireland are said to have been the castle ol Tuam, built, anno 1 161, by Roderic O'Connor, king of Conaught, which was a thing then said to be so new and uncommon, that it became famous among the Irish by the name of the " wonderful castle." Malachy O'Morgair, archbishop of Armagh, who died in 1 148, was the first Irishman (or, at least, one of the first) who built a chapel of stone at Bangor, of which his contemporary, St. Bernard, in his Ltfe^ says the natives were astonished at the novelty. — Ware's Antiquities.

Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 91

As the companion tells it

Somewhere close to Riverstown stood the pleasant seat of the Lord Bishop of Cork. The house was beautified with several curious pieces of stucco, performed by the Franchinis Brothers. The river of Glanmire ran through the gardens, banked into serpentine canals, which were stocked with carp, tench, and other fish, the river being grated at both ends. A pleasant park, stocked with deer, came close to the garden walls. The adjacent country was finely improved, well laid out and cultivated. The whole place sat a mile south of Sarsfield's Court, set among the finest prospects in all this county.

Robert's-Town castle: frontier tower against Fitz-Geralds

Robertstown · townland · Cork

A high square tower on the banks of the river Bride, built by Robert de Barry as a frontier defence against the invasions and depredations of the Fitz-Geralds of Coshbride, who were dangerous and powerful neighbours when force gave title to possession.

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Leaving the small barony of Kilnataloon, the first place on the banks of the Bride is the castle of Robert's-Town (being a high square tower) built by Robert de Barry, as a frontier to their territory against the invasions and depredations of the Fitz-Gcralds of Coshbride, dangerous and powerful neighbours, when force gave a title to possession, as it did in this country in former days.
r i\ J A mile W. is Castle-Lyons, called Castle-lehan, from

Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 90

Rostellan clay sent to Staffordshire for pottery manufacture

Rostellan · townland · Cork

Around forty years before publication, clay from Rostellan was sent to Staffordshire to be manufactured into pottery. A surviving dinner plate, decorated with roses, shamrocks, the O'Brien crest and a view of Rostellan Castle, was exhibited at a meeting of the Society.

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In reference to the clay of this district, we are indebted to Osborn R. Bergin, esq., of Westcourt, Cork, for the following information : — About forty years ago some of the Rostellan clay was sent to Staffordshire to be manufactured there into pottery. One of the plates so made' is in Mr. Bergin's possession, and this he kindly exhibited at the meeting of the Society on March 30th. It is of ordinary dinner-plate size ; it has a border of roses and shamrocks, divided above by the O'Brien crest, and below by the harp. In the centre is a view of " Rostellan Castle, Cork Harbour," looking towards Crosshaven, with a steamer at Aghada pier, and the shipping in the distance. The arms of the Marquis of Thomond are upon the back of the plate. The material is a white body, and the decoration is of a pleasing olive shade. From enquiries made since the publication of our last number, we learn, on good authority, that the clay used in the glaze of the Youghal delf was brought from Rostellan.
Corkbeg, Of this Croker says there is a plan in the State Paper Office of the fort of Corkbeg temp. Eliz. in the Vol. of Plans.

Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 74

Royalist defeat at Ballyellis, Wicklow

Ballyellis · townland · Cork · 1798

On 30 June 1798, the Royalists suffered defeat with heavy loss at Ballyellis. Present were Regular Cavalry, Fencibles, the Ballaghkeene, Gorey and Wingfield Cavalry, and Tinahely Infantry. The retreat was covered by the Wingfield Corps under Captain Gowan.

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30th June. Defeat, with heavy loss, pf the Royalists at Ballyellis, county Wicklow. There were present Regular Cavalry, Fencibles, the Ballaghkeene, Gorey and Wingfield Cavalry, and Tinahely Infantry. The retreat was covered by the Wingfield Corps under Captain Gowan.
30th June. Attack on Carnew, county Wicklow, repulsed by 50 yeomen.

Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 286

Seal of Tracton Abbey

near Tracton · parish · Cork · 1542

An impression of the seal of Tracton Abbey survives appended to a grant of the rectory of Innishannon dated 15 October 1542. The seal's legend reads 'Sigillvm Johannis Monasterii de Albo Tractu' and bears a device similar to that on the seal of St Bernard of Clairvaux.

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** I have an impression of the seal of the Abbey appended to a grant of the rect. of Innoshennon, dated Oct. 15, 1542: — 'Sigillvm Johannis Monasterii de Albo ' Tractv.' This is the legend in full. Green wax. ' A dexter hand issuing from ' a sleeve, holding a pastoral staff which an ecclesiastic receives who is kneeling ' beneath.' The device on this seal, with the exception of the kneeling figure, is the same as that on the seal of St. Bernard, abbot of Clairvaux, 11 15-53." — R. C.
The abbey is stated by Smith to have been granted by Queen Elizabeth to Henry Guilford, gent, and Sir James Craig, March 20, 1568. This may have been the case, but the abbey was certainly included in the demise of the 30th June, 1569, made by the Queen to Henry Guilford, thus —

Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 134

Sir William Penn born in Macroom castle

Macroom · town · Cork

Sir William Penn, the famous sea admiral, was born in Macroom castle. The castle also contains a handsome large gallery and other good apartments, and sits on the east side of the river Sullane with gardens and fir plantations to the south.

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a large modern building between them. It is situated on the east side of the river Sullane ; to the south are the gardens and a fine plantation of firs on a pleasant terrace over its banks. About twenty years ago, Dean Swift, in his progress through this country, was much pleased with the situation and state of this building. It is at present inhabited by Richard Hedges Eyre, esq., who keeps it in good order. In this castle is a handsome large gallery, with other good apartments, and Sir William Pen, the famous sea admiral, was born in it At the foot of the castle is a handsome stone bridge over the Sullane. Opposite to the bridge is the parish church, dedicated to St. Coleman of Cloyne, and on the south side of the altar is a monument of black and grey marble, with this inscription : —
" Here lieth the body of the Rev. Mr. Richard Brown, B.D., who was rector and vicar " of this parish forty-five years, during which time he was always resident. On the " 27th day of January, A.D. 1712, he cheerfully resigned his spirit to God who gave it, in *' sure hope of a resurrection to eternal life, being 69 years of age. He was married to " Mary, daughter of Colonel Edward AUeyn, forty-three years, by whom he had eleven " sons and nine daughters.''

Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 97

Spinning school for linen at Castlemartyr

Castlemartyr · townland · Cork

Castlemartyr had a spinning-school established for the encouragement of the linen manufacture, and the town was described as neat, well watered, and well situated for this industry.

Read the passage

There is also a spinning-school here, for the encouragement of the linen manufacture. This is a neat small town, well watered and situated for this manufacture. Its chief beauty consists in the seat and improvements of His Excellency Henry Boyle, esq., lord of the soil. Adjacent' to his house is a castle (first built by the Carews) that belonged to the Seneschals of Imokilly, and afterwards to the Earl of Orrery, but ruined in the late wars.^'s) Opposite the house is a large beautiful canal, which forms a vista to that side of the country, through a venerable grove of lofty trees. To the south of the house are the gardens, with fine plantations of elms, chestnut, and other forest trees of a large growth. The artificial river made by his excellency, which surrounds his domain, as well as the town of Castlemartyr, is one of the greatest undertakings of this kind in Ireland. It is regularly banked and its sides adorned with fine plantations, and winds in a serpentine manner, being broad and deep enough for a handsome boat to row round it ; at the east end of the town it is broken into several cascades, and is a great ornament to this part of the country. On this river —
. The stately sailing swan Gives out its snowy plumage to the gale, And arching proud his neck, with oary feet Bears forward fierce, and guards his osier isle, Protective of his young. — Thomson,

Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 58

St Finbarr's Cathedral founding and rebuilding

Cork · city · Cork · 630–1735

The cathedral dedicated to St Finbarr was founded by the saint in the seventh century and fell to decay over time. It was taken down in 1725, rebuilt, and finished in 1735, funded by a parliamentary tax on coal consumed in Cork.

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bishop of Cork, from whom Gillabbey has its name, successor to St Finbarr, and also Gregory and Reginald are enumerated among the principal benefactors to this church, which, by length of time, fell greatly to decay and ruin. In the year 1725, this church was taken down in order to be rebuilt, and was finished anno 173 5, when divine service was again performed therein. Some years ago an ancient round tower stood in the churchyard, a little detached from the church. The expense of this building was defrayed by a parliamentary tax of is. per ton laid on all coals and culm consumed within the city of Cork. ^»®> It is built of the Doric order, and hath a very handsome Venetian window to the chancel. There is a design of adding a new steeple and of raising a portico on the west end of the church. On either side of the west entrance are the vestry-room and bishop's consistory court. In this church is a good organ ; here are also choristers and singing boys. The stalls, seats, and throne are neatly finished and well disposed. This being a new church, there are no monuments of antiquity or other inscriptions worth inserting here.
The following is a catalogue of the bishops of this cathedral : —

Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 209

As the companion tells it

As you pass through Cork, this is the city of St Finbarr's Cathedral. The saint founded the church in the seventh century, and the bishop of Cork, from whom Gillabbey takes its name, was his successor. Gregory and Reginald are named among the principal benefactors. Over time the church fell greatly to decay and ruin. In 1725 it was taken down in order to be rebuilt, and it was finished in 1735, when divine service was again performed there. An ancient round tower once stood in the churchyard, a little detached from the church. The expense of the rebuilding was defrayed by a parliamentary tax of one shilling per ton laid on all coals and culm consumed within the city of Cork. It is built in the Doric order and has a handsome Venetian window to the chancel. There was a design of adding a new steeple and raising a portico on the west end. On either side of the west entrance are the vestry-room and the bishop's consistory court. The church has a good organ, choristers and singing boys, and the stalls, seats and throne are neatly finished. Being a new church, there are no monuments of antiquity or inscriptions worth recording.

St. Mary Shandon church razed and rebuilt

near Shandon · locality · Cork · 1693

The original church of St. Mary Shandon was defaced and demolished by the Irish, leaving Protestants without a place of worship. In 1693, a new site was granted because rebuilding on the old ground near Shandon Castle would prejudice the castle's fortifications.

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"The present church of St. Mary Shandon stands on a piece of ground granted to •• Walter Neal, rector and vicar of the parish, by Henry Lord Viscount Sidney, Lord " Lieutenant of Ireland in the year 1693, by indenture bearing the same date. The "instrument states to the following effect: — That whereas the church of St. Mary " Shandon was defaced, razed, and demolished by the Irish, and continueth unbuilt, so •' that there wanteth a church for the Protestants of said parish to assemble themselves *' in, to hear divine service celebrated. And whereas, the place where the former " parish church stood lyeth so near and contiguous to the castle called Shandon, and " toucheth so on the fortifications near the same, that they on building the church on " the ground where it formerly stood may be a prejudice to Her Majesty's said castle " and fortifications, and may hereafter be made use of against them by foreign enemies " or intestine rebels, for prevention whereof, and of the danger to which the said church,
1839,) is from the library of the Rev. Dr. Cotton, Archdeacon of Cashel, the learned author of Fas/t Ecclesia Hibemica^ and of other valuable contributions to our literature. I copy from this some of his annotations upon the bishops of Cork, and his record of their succession from Robert Clayton, whose name ends Ware's list in 1735.

Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 230

As the companion tells it

Coming up through Shandon, outside Cork. The church of St. Mary Shandon was defaced, razed, and demolished by the Irish, and for a time it remained unbuilt, so that there was no church for the Protestants of the parish to assemble themselves in, to hear divine service celebrated. In 1693, Walter Neal, rector and vicar of the parish, was granted a new piece of ground by Henry Lord Viscount Sidney, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, by an indenture bearing the same date. The instrument granting the ground states the reason. The place where the former parish church stood lies so near and contiguous to the castle called Shandon, and touches so on the fortifications near the same, that building the church on the ground where it formerly stood may be a prejudice to Her Majesty's castle and fortifications. The fear was that it may hereafter be made use of against them by foreign enemies or intestine rebels. So a new site was granted, for prevention of that danger, and the present church stands on that ground.

St Patrick's crosier at Muskerry's Paps

near Muskerry · street · Cork

A verse tradition records that St Patrick struck his crosier at Muskerry's Paps, a hill landmark in Cork. The conquering prince Flan is said to have reigned over the tract from there to the southern sea, paying tribute only to the Church.

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West from the stream of Glaisecrithe brook, To Muskery'o paps, where holy Patrick struck His crosier ; thence unto the southern main The conquering Flan o'er all this tract did reign. No rent, or tribute, for this land he paid, But to the church alone, his offering made.
From this Flan descended Beake ; from whom, according to the Munster Annals, the territory of Kinalmeaky ^'^Hook its name, which was anciently part of Carbery.^'7)

Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 16

As the companion tells it

Somewhere about Muskerry, the old verse says holy Patrick struck his crosier at the Paps. From that place down to the southern sea, the conquering Flan reigned over all the tract. He paid no rent or tribute for the land, but to the church alone his offering was made. From this Flan descended Beake, and according to the Munster Annals, the territory of Kinalmeaky took its name from him, anciently part of Carbery.

Tomb of Charles and Dennis MacCarty at Kilcrea Abbey

Kilcrea · townland · Cork · 1704–1739

At Kilcrea, on the north side of the high altar, lie the tombs of Colonel Charles MacCarty of Ballea (d. 8 May 1704) and Dennis MacCarty (d. 2 April 1739, aged 45). An inscription honours Cloghrois MacCarty as a patron of the distressed.

Read the passage

•• Here lyes the Body of Colonell Charles McCartye, of Ballea, who dyed the 8 of May, 1704. Here lyeth the body of Dennis MacCartye, Esq., who departed this Life. April 2d, 1739, ^8^^ 45-"
" Let honour, valour, merite, justice mourn Cloghrois McCarty lifeless in this urn ; Let all distressed draw near & make their moan, Their Patron lies confined beneath this stone."

Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 106

Tracton Abbey ruins: fragments and carved stones in churchyard

near Tracton · parish · Cork

The only vestiges of the once celebrated Tracton Abbey are fragments of pillars, blocks rudely carved to represent human faces, and scattered quoin stones found in the churchyards and walls of the present church. The Abbot of Tracton had been a lord of parliament who surrendered the abbey to Henry VII in assurance of a pension for life.

Read the passage

"The Abbot of Tracton, who was one of the lords of parliament, surrendered his "abbey to Henry VII. in assurance of a pension for life.*' And — "The only vestiges '• of the once celebrated Abbey of Tracton are a few fragments of pillars, some blocks " rudely carved to represent human faces, and scattered quoin stones, which are found ** in the churchyards and walls of the present church."
Page 202. Inishannon,

Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 129

Youghal's Clock Gate and town walls

Youghal · town · Cork

Youghal's main street was crossed by a high square tower called the Clock Gate, dividing the town into upper and lower sections. The town walls extended along the west side, flanked with old towers that were weak and ruinous until recently repaired.

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This town from south to north is about an English mile long, consisting mostly of one street, intermixed with new and old houses. This street, towards the south end, is crossed by a high square tower, Situation, ^j^ijgj ^j^g Clock Gate, from one being underneath, and a clock
placed thereon, so that it is divided into upper and lower. The upper, which is the greater part, extends north, and the base town (as Cambden calls it) to the south. The whole is situated on the side of a hill, on an arm of the sea, with a tolerable good harbour before it The walls on the west side extend along the entire length of the town, ranged along the hill ; they are flanked with some old towers, which, with the wall, were weak and ruinous till lately repaired, as were also the gates. On the side of the hill, beneath the town wall, are a range of pleasant gardens that considerably add to the beauty of the prospect which the town makes from the opposite side of the river. Most of these gardens are well stored with various kinds of fruit, which, lying open to a good exposure, ripen early, so that these lines of Mr. Thomson may be here justly applied —

Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 55

Ancient nunnery at Killeigh founded by St. Abban

Killeigh · townland · Cork · 500–599

Killeigh, a small village four miles from Youghal, had an ancient nunnery of canonesses founded by St. Abban in the sixth century, with St. Conchere placed as prioress. A nearby rivulet is noted for its serpentine course and its reputed quality for whitening cloth, discharging into Youghal Bay.

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Killeigh is a small village, four miles from Youghal, in which is a Killeiffh decent church. At this place was an ancient nunnery of
canonesses, founded by St. Abban in the sixth century, where he placed St. Conchere as prioress. The rivulet that runs by it is remarkable for its serpentine course, and for its being accounted good for whitening cloth. It discharges itself into Youghal bay. Adjacent is a well, visited by the Irish. Near it is Aghada, the house and plantations of Mr. Richard Supple. In his garden are two trees of an uncommon kind ; the first, a bladder nut, or the nux vessicaria or staphilodendron of Parkinson,being so called ^from a nut enclosed in a husk or skin resembling a bladder. The other, the arbor z;//^of Gerrard, or the thuyce tJieophrast C. B. being fifteen inches in diameter, and about thirty feet high. They give a handful of the leaves boiled in ale as a specific for the gravel. It appears that the castle of Aghada was built by the Carews ; for Sir Thomas de Carew, the son of Maurice granted several annuities out of the lands of Aghfadda to William Skiddy, of Cork, temp. Edward III., as appears from copies of three ancient deeds, preserved in the Lambeth library of England (F. 99, 100). To the W. of this is Garan James, Mr. Barth. Purdon's. Castlemartvr Castlemartyr, formerly Bally martyr, was the seat of a

Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 57

Battle of Castlebar, Mayo

Castlebar · town · Mayo · 1798

On 27 August 1798, a yeoman was the first to give warning that the French were marching on Castlebar by the Mountain Road. The army under Major-General Hutchinson, chiefly militia, fencibles, and yeomanry, was defeated by the French, who entered Castlebar. Lord Roden's Foxhunters saved a gun in a charge.

Read the passage

27th August. A yeoman was the first to give warning that the French were marching on Castlebar by the Mountain Road.
The army under Major-General Hutchinson consisted chiefly of militia, fencibles, and yeomanry. Amongst the latter were some Galvvay Yeoman Infantry. The French were victorious, and entered Castlebar. Lord Roden's Foxhunters, in a charge, saved a gun.

Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 286

Bishop Lyon's palace and tomb at Cork

Cork · city · Cork · 1582–1848

Bishop William Lyon rebuilt the palace at Cork, expending £1,000, and was buried in a small church near the palace used as a private chapel. His tomb slab was discovered in 1848 beneath accumulated rubbish and removed to the porch of the cathedral.

Read the passage

The tide of the Reformation may now be considered as having £urly set in. William Lyon, a native of Chester, and chaplain to Arthur Lord Grey, Lord Deputy of Ireland, was consecrated Bishop of Ross in 1582, and the following year received the Sees of Cork and Ross in com^ mendam fcpm Queen Elizabeth, to hold during her Majesty's pleasure. His ecclesiastical preferments previous to his consecration were, the vicarage of Naas, which he obtained by patent dated November 6th, 1573, with a dispensation to hold the same with any other benefice during his life, and licence to reside in England. On July 23rd, 1580, he also obtained the vicarage of Bandanston, county Kildare, from the Queen, who by letters-patent, dated May 17th, 1 586, annexed and incorporated the See of Ross to those of Cork and Cloyne, the two former Sees having remained united ever since. Bishop Lyon took a very prominent part in the affiiirs of Munster at this period ; he was appointed one of the commissioners to concert and adopt means for the peopling of Munster with English inhabitants. He rebuilt the palace at Cork, on which he expended ;f 1,000. Many particulars of his liberality and public spirit appear in a regal visitation in 1 6 13, preserved in the Prerogative Office, where it is said that when he received those bishoprics he raised their value from £^0 to ;f 200 per annum ; that he built a mansion-house at Ross, which cost him ;f 300, which in little more than three years was burned down by the rebel O'Donovan, while the See-house at Cloyne was held from him by Sir John Fitz-Edmond Fitz-Gerald. In ArcMishop BramhalVs Life it appears how greatly the other bishoprics of the province of Munster suffered at the time of the Reformation. '* The Romish prelates resolved to make what they could, and their Protestant successors feared another change, but that Cork and Ross fared better than any other bishopric in that province, a very gcxxl man. Bishop Lyon, being placed their early in the Reformation." He died at Cork at a very advanced age, on the 4th of October, 16 17, and was buried, not, as was generally supposed, in the cathedral, but in a small church that formerly stood near the palace, and was used as a private chapel for the Bishop of Cork. The building was a ruin for over fifty years.

Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 250

Bishop of Cloyne lost at sea during 1642 rebellion

Cloyne · town · Cork · 1642

A 1642 discourse concerning the rebellion in Ireland records the lamentable loss of the Bishop of Cloyne, identified as George Synge, Bishop 1638-1653. His entire family—mother, wife, children, servants—and many other passengers were cast away, along with all his household goods.

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" Amongst others the loss "of the Rev. Bishop of " Cloyne (*) was lamentable, " whose whole family, mother, "wife, children, servants, with " many other passengers were "cast away, besides, all his " household goods to a great '
" Bishop Bennett in his MS. "says: — ''"*" '^'"•^^>

Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 71

Blarney Castle keep and bawn description

near Blarney · townland · Cork

Mr. H. W. Gillman provided a detailed description of Blarney Castle's remains, including a keep standing on a rock with machicolated openings on three sides, a quadrangular curtain wall enclosing a bawn of about eight acres with flanking towers at each corner. The keep measures approximately 60 feet by 66 feet high, with about 120 steps in the well-stair in the north-east angle. 'Pacata Hibernia' described it as one of the largest and strongest castles in Munster.

Read the passage

" ' Pacata Hibemia', p. 598, describes it as * one of the largest and strongest castles " ' within the Province of Mounster, for it is fower piles joyned in one, seated upon a " ' maine Rock, so as it is free from myning, the wall eighteene (?) foote thicke, & well " ' flancked at each corner to the best advantage.'
" This extract shows that the shape of the curtain-wall enclosing the bawn, or ward, " was quadrangular, with a flanking tower at each angle. Much of the north side of •• this curtain still remains, extending to the west of the keep, though I find its thickness " to be only twelve feet. The tower at the north-west corner also is still fairly pre- •' served, with the remains of the curtain starting southwards from it. On the east of " the keep is another somewhat similar tower, and the foundation of the curtain joining " it to the keep can be traced part of the way. I did not measure the distance accu- "rately between these two corner towers, but, from the result of pacing it, and reckon- " ing on the supposition that the bawn was a square, I came to the conclusion that it " enclosed an area of about eight acres, as mentioned from tradition by Windele.

Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 108

Boyle's artificial river at Castlemartyr

Castlemartyr · townland · Cork

Henry Boyle constructed an artificial river surrounding his domain and the town of Castlemartyr, described as one of the greatest undertakings of its kind in Ireland, with serpentine banks, fine plantations, and cascades at the east end of the town.

Read the passage

There is also a spinning-school here, for the encouragement of the linen manufacture. This is a neat small town, well watered and situated for this manufacture. Its chief beauty consists in the seat and improvements of His Excellency Henry Boyle, esq., lord of the soil. Adjacent' to his house is a castle (first built by the Carews) that belonged to the Seneschals of Imokilly, and afterwards to the Earl of Orrery, but ruined in the late wars.^'s) Opposite the house is a large beautiful canal, which forms a vista to that side of the country, through a venerable grove of lofty trees. To the south of the house are the gardens, with fine plantations of elms, chestnut, and other forest trees of a large growth. The artificial river made by his excellency, which surrounds his domain, as well as the town of Castlemartyr, is one of the greatest undertakings of this kind in Ireland. It is regularly banked and its sides adorned with fine plantations, and winds in a serpentine manner, being broad and deep enough for a handsome boat to row round it ; at the east end of the town it is broken into several cascades, and is a great ornament to this part of the country. On this river —
. The stately sailing swan Gives out its snowy plumage to the gale, And arching proud his neck, with oary feet Bears forward fierce, and guards his osier isle, Protective of his young. — Thomson,

Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 58

Captain Bailey monument at Castlemore

Castlemore · townland · Cork · 1719

A handsome monument in a churchyard commemorates Captain John Bailey of Castlemore, who died 15 June 1719. He served in the wars of Ireland during the revolution and later administered justice as a peace commissioner.

Read the passage

yard is a handsome monument to the memory of the late Captain Bailey, of Castlemore, with this inscription : —
"This monument was erected by Mrs. Anne Bailey, widow of John Bailey, of Castle- " more, esq., who died the 15th of June, 17 19. He was a gentleman who always had the " true interest of his country at heart. At the revolution, he served in person in the '* wars of Ireland till the kingdom was reduced to peace and quietness ; thea quitting ** the wars, he returned to his wife and children, and showed himself as good a hus- "band, as indulgent a father, as he was a true subject. Being honoured with the com- "mission of the peace, he always administered justice so uprightly, that he never " blemished his commission, and died lamented by all good men who knew him."

Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 102

Castlemartyr Corporation and its silver mace

Castlemartyr · townland · Cork · 1675–1685

Castlemartyr, anciently called 'Martre,' was incorporated by charter of Charles II in 1675, granting a portreeve, bailiffs, and burgesses the power to send two members to the Irish Parliament. The corporation's silver mace, engraved with royal arms and the initials of James II, survives in private hands.

Read the passage

CastUmartyr, anciently " Martre." In the Journal of tlu Royal Historical and Arch<Eological Society of Ireland, No. 81, vol. ix., 4th series, I have figured and described the silver mace of the Corporation of Castlemartyr, which was incorporated by a charter of King Charles II., dated July 28th, 1675. granted to Roger Earl of Orrery. The corporation was styled " The Portreeve, Bailiffs, and Burgesses," and consisted of a portreeve, two bailiffs, and twelve burgesses, who had power to
(') Dublin : privately printed, 1863.

Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog

Charity school for boys in Doneraile

Doneraile · townland · Cork · 1703

A charity school for ten boys was maintained in Doneraile, supported by a bequest of the late Lord Doneraile. The viscountcy of Doneraile was created by letters patent in 1703.

Read the passage

Doneraile^9) gave title of viscount to the late Right Hon. Arthur Mohun SL Leger, Lord Viscount Doneraile, and Baron of Kilmeaden in the county of Waterford, his grandfather being so created by letterspatent, 23rd of June, 1703, the second of Queen Anne. In this place is a charity school for ten boys, which is supported by a bequest of the late Lord Doneraile.
There was formerly a good pottery of white ware in this town, the clay seeming to be very good ; for, from the specimen I saw, it appeared not unlike that of Carlingford, being a bluish stiff clay. There are round the town several quarries of beautiful variegated marbles, of which hereafter in Book IV.

Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 176

Cork's marshy situation and recurring epidemic fevers

Cork · city · Cork · 1708–1731

Dr. Rogers described Cork as built on marshy islands in the river Lee, constantly overflowed by spring tides and exhaling putrid vapours. The city suffered recurring epidemic fevers, noted in 1708 and again from 1718 to 1721, with fluxes and dysentery prominent from 1728 to 1731.

Read the passage

'* Besides this situation, the great quantities of filth, animal offals, etc., that defile the streets, render it unwholesome." To which the doctor attributes the origin of the endemical epidemic disorders that raged in this city, at the time of his publishing his work. "The inhabitants," he says, "during the summer months are necessitated to use unwholesome, foul, and corrupted water. During the slaughtering season, the meaner sort live mostly upon animal ofi*als, which occasions much mischief, by a sudden transition from a diet of another kind. The slaughtering season begins in August and continues till January ; and between those terms it is that the violence of our endemics is concluded" The doctor has noticed, " that in the space of twenty-four years, an epidemic fever has appeared three several times, in a very singular manner. He first observed it, anno 1708; the years 1718, 1719, 1720, 1721, were remarkable for the same disorder, during the aforesaid months ; but it then began to dwindle in its effects, and by degrees totally disappeared. During the above space of time, dysentries and a slow confluent small-pox appeared; from 1721 to 1728 fevers were but little heard of; but from thence to 1731, each winter was notorious for fluxes, and the latter winter for

Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 208

As the companion tells it

As you travel through Cork, you are moving through a city that Dr. Rogers described as built on marshy islands in the river Lee, constantly overflowed by spring tides and exhaling putrid vapours. Great quantities of filth and animal offals defiled the streets, rendering the place unwholesome. During the summer months the inhabitants were forced to use foul and corrupted water. The slaughtering season ran from August to January, and the meaner sort lived mostly upon animal offals, which caused much mischief by a sudden change of diet. Rogers noted that in the space of 24 years an epidemic fever appeared three several times in a singular manner. He first observed it in 1708. The years 1718, 1719, 1720 and 1721 were remarkable for the same disorder, during those months, but it then began to dwindle and by degrees totally disappeared. During that time dysentery and a slow confluent smallpox also appeared. From 1721 to 1728 fevers were little heard of, but from thence to 1731 each winter was notorious for fluxes.

Death of Mereduk Fitz-Stephen in Cork

Cork · city · Cork · 1179–1185

Mereduk, son of Robert Fitz-Stephen, died in Cork on March 14, 1179-80, greatly lamented. He was later slain in 1185 alongside Milo de Cogan the younger by treachery.

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(38) Robert Fitz-Stephen was son to Stephen, constable of the castles of Abertiny and Pembroke, and Ann, daughter to Rees Gruffydh, prince of South Wales. She had been concubine to King Henry L by whom he had a son, Henry, father to Miles and Robert Fitz-Henry, who were also adventurers under Strongbow. Her second husband was Gerald, ancestor to the Fitz-Geralds, by whom she had Maurice and William ; which Maurice came into Ireland with this Robert Fitz-Stephen, anno 1169 or 1170, and took Wexford, whereby a way was opened for conquering this kingdom. Robert had two sons, Radolph, and Mereduk, who died in Cork, March 14, 1179-80, greatly lamented, and was slain in 1185, with Milo de Cogan, the younger, who was some time governor of Dublin, and joint sharer with his father in the kingdom of Cork, between Waterford and Lismore, by treachery, having (according to Giraldus Cambrensis) but a little before married the daughter of Milo de Cogan.
This Robert Fitz-Stephen, after his father, was also governor of Cardigan or Abertiny castle, in Wales, and ancestor to the Fitz-Stepbens of this country, now extinct. He was the first Englishman that landed in Ireland in a hostile manner, with 30 knights, 60 esquires, and 300 foot soldiers, and after several successes, he was by King Henry II. together with Hugh de Lacy, Maurice Fitz-Gerald, his half-brother, and Robert de Bruce, made joint governors of Ireland.

Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 20

As the companion tells it

As you pass through Cork, this city carries a story from the early Norman years. Robert Fitz-Stephen was the first Englishman to land in Ireland in a hostile manner, with 30 knights, 60 esquires, and 300 foot soldiers. He had two sons, Radolph and Mereduk. Mereduk died in Cork on March 14, 1179-80, greatly lamented. The record also says he was slain in 1185, alongside Milo de Cogan the younger, who had been governor of Dublin and joint sharer with his father in the kingdom of Cork, between Waterford and Lismore. They were killed by treachery. According to Giraldus Cambrensis, Mereduk had married the daughter of Milo de Cogan only a little before. Robert's mother was Ann, daughter of Rees Gruffydh, prince of South Wales. She had been concubine to King Henry II, by whom she had a son, Henry, father to Miles and Robert Fitz-Henry, who were also adventurers under Strongbow. Her second husband was Gerald, ancestor to the Fitz-Geralds, by whom she had Maurice and William. Maurice came into Ireland with Robert Fitz-Stephen in 1169 or 1170 and took Wexford, opening a way for the conquering of this kingdom. Robert was later made joint governor of Ireland by King Henry II, together with Hugh de Lacy, Maurice Fitz-Gerald, his half-brother, and Robert de Bruce.

Deep sea caves at west head of Castlehaven

Castlehaven · townland · Cork

Near the west head of Castlehaven are deep caves with low entrances that grow higher within. The sea swell raises boats nearly to the roof and alternately closes the entrance, making the caves dark and gloomy.

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(>o) This alludes to a stupendous arch, through which a boat may row. It is in the parish of Miros, and not far from the place where the dean usually embarked. Near the west head of Castlehaven are deep caves, which are low at the entrance, but grow higher within. The swell of the sea raises a boat up to the roof almost, when one is in ; which also, by turns, closes up the entrance and makes them very dark and gloomy.
i") For the sake of the English reader, I shall subjoin the following translation by the Rev. Dr. Dunkin : —

Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 141

As the companion tells it

Somewhere around here, close to Castlehaven, there are deep sea caves at the west head. The entrances are low, but they grow higher within. The swell of the sea raises a boat almost to the roof when you are inside, and by turns it closes up the entrance, making them very dark and gloomy. There is also a stupendous arch, through which a boat may row, in the parish of Miros, not far from where the dean usually embarked.

Elizabeth's Fort rebuilt as a citadel under James I

Cork · city · Cork · 1603–1625

When Cork rebelled early in James I's reign and submitted to Lord Deputy Mountjoy, Elizabeth's Fort on the south side of the town was rebuilt as a square citadel with four regular bastions to keep the citizens in check. A smaller work called the Cat Fort also stood nearby.

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the mass, and was besieged by Sir Charles Willmot and Sir George Thornton, commissioners of Munster, but opened the gates to the Lord Deputy Mountjoy, being not able to make any resistance ; and upon this occasion the fort on the south side of the town, called Elizabeth's Fort, was rebuilt as a citadel to curb the insolence of the citizens for the future ; which work was a square fortification, with four regfular bastions. On that side of the river was also another small work, called the Cat Fort, but this was never of much importance.
On the north side of the city stood Shandon Castle,

Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 208

As the companion tells it

Coming through Cork, you are passing the ground of Elizabeth's Fort, on the south side of the city. Early in James the First's reign, Cork rose in rebellion. Sir Charles Wilmot and Sir George Thornton, commissioners of Munster, besieged the town, but the citizens opened the gates to the Lord Deputy Mountjoy, unable to make any resistance. On that occasion Elizabeth's Fort was rebuilt as a citadel to curb the insolence of the citizens for the future. It was a square fortification with four regular bastions. On the same side of the river stood another small work called the Cat Fort, though this was never of much importance.

Feudal power of the Bishop of Cloyne over tenants and fishermen

Ballycotton · town · Cork

A rental roll of the entire diocese of Cloyne shows the great feudal power once held by the Bishop, including conditions binding native Irish tenants. The fishermen of Ballycotton were all the bishop's subjects and were bound to contribute to his table according to the fullness of their nets.

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"It shows, in a remarkable way, the great feudal power once possessed by the " Bishop of Cloyne, under what conditions their tenants were bound, particularly the *' ' purl Hibernici.' Not only the native Irish, but the Earl of Ormond paid the bishop, •' with all customary humility, the homage due for his barony of Inchiquin. The case "of the fishermen of Ballycotton is Remarkable. They were all his subjects, and, "according to the fulness of their nets, were bound to contribute to the requirements " of his table."
Dr. Caulfield has the following jiote^^^ : —

Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 71

Gillabbey founded by St. Finbarr, Cave of St. Finbarr

Cork · city · Cork · 600–1134

Gillabbey was founded on the south-west side of Cork by St. Finbarr for Augustinian canons in the seventh century and finished by Gil-Áda, bishop of Cork. Cormac MacCarty granted its possessions in 1134; nearby is a cave known in ancient manuscripts as the 'Cave of St. Finbarr.' The abbey was entirely demolished within a few years of writing.

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Abbeys. ^^ ^j^^ south-west side of the city by St. Finbarr, for • canons regular of St. Augustine, in the seventh century ; the buildings were finished by Gil-^da, bishop of Cork, from whom this house had the name of Gillabbey. Cormac MacCarty, king of Cork, granted its possessions A.D. 1 134. Near it is a cave, called in ancient MSS. the " Cave of St. Finbarr." According to Sir James Ware, this is the house which St Bernard calls " Monasterium Ibracense." The possessions of this abbey were granted by Queen Elizabeth to several persons, viz. : — part to Henry Duval, gent, by letters-patent, 28th November, 22nd of her reign,
378 THE ANCIENT AND PRESENT STATE OF

Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 211

As the companion tells it

On the south-west side of Cork, St. Finbarr founded a house for canons regular of St. Augustine in the seventh century. The buildings were finished by Gil-Áda, bishop of Cork, and from him the place took its name, Gillabbey. In 1134, Cormac MacCarty, king of Cork, granted its possessions. Near it is a cave, called in ancient manuscripts the Cave of St. Finbarr. Sir James Ware says this is the house that St. Bernard calls Monasterium Ibracense. Queen Elizabeth later granted the abbey's possessions to several persons, part to Henry Duval by letters-patent on the 28th of November, in the 22nd year of her reign.

Hollyhill seat of Francis Roche with copper discovery

Hollyhill · townland · Cork

Hollyhill, two miles from Kinsale on the river Bandon, is the seat of Francis Roche, featuring elegant gardens influenced by his travels in France and Italy, a mile-long avenue with holly hedges, and a neat village for tenants. Cutting through a rock to open a vista revealed marcasites of copper.

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river, two miles from Kinsale ; the house has four regular fronts ; the gardens are well kept and laid out in an elegant manner, the owner having travelled through France and Italy. There is a fine avenue leading to the house, above an English mile long, well planted, the beginning of which is beautified with fine holly hedges (in several diamonds) the avenues crossing each other between, in order to take off the steepness of the hill, and render it more easy. He has at a great expense cut through a high rock, to open a vista to the Bandon river, by which some marcasites of copper were discovered. To the north is a neat village, regularly built, of decent cottages for the accommodation of his tenants and labourers.
Dunderrow Dunderrow is a small village, two miles from Kinsale,

Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 116

As the companion tells it

Somewhere around here is Hollyhill, the seat of Francis Roche. It sits by the river Bandon, two miles from Kinsale. The house has four regular fronts, and the gardens are well kept and laid out in an elegant manner, for Roche travelled through France and Italy. A fine avenue leads to the house, above an English mile long and well planted. The beginning is beautified with fine holly hedges set in several diamonds, the avenues crossing each other between, to take off the steepness of the hill and render it more easy. He has at great expense cut through a high rock to open a vista to the Bandon river, by which some marcasites of copper were discovered. To the north is a neat village, regularly built, of decent cottages for the accommodation of his tenants and labourers.

The ancient and present state of the county and city of Cork. : Containing a natural, civil, ecclesiastical, historical, and topographical description thereof.

The stories, best first

Pre-Christian tau cross and crux ansata on Cloyne Cathedral doorway

Rinabelly's dangerous sandy bay mistaken for Cork harbour

River Lee frozen and thousands starved

Rosscarbery cathedral founded by St. Fachnan

Rostellan Castle and Inchiquin Seat

Second military review at Tallow, September 1622

St. Bartholomew's well and healing of soldiers

Stupendous sea arch in Myross parish

The Old Barn at Rock of Egmont, Churchtown

Wallinstown Castle and ancient church on Little Island

Wine wreck at Burrin and Donald Ni-pipy

Youghal town incorporation and Desmond family foundations

Inishannon church chalice legacy of Thomas Adderley, 1692

Poor relief and burial customs at Kinsale church

1698 census of seafaring men in Cork city

Ballycotton strand, bay and island

Bishop Stopford's bequest to St. Fin Barre's library

Castlehaven castle and the Audley family

Castle-Martyr Fitz-Geralds, Seneschals of Imokilly

Charles Fort royal fortification near Kinsale

David Fleury monument in Doneraile churchyard

Dominican Friary site (St. Mary of the Island), Cork

Elizabeth I charter defines liberties and bounds of Kinsale

French arrival in Bantry Bay and Earl of Bantry

Joseph Harris bequest for mathematical lectures in Cork and Midleton

Lismore Castle besieged, Mogeely captives displayed

Lismore school founded by Greek princes

Mac Cartys of Muskerry and their forfeited titles

North Cork Militia evacuate Wexford; Maxwell retreats from Forth Mountain to Duncannon

Pearl Fishing on the Kenmare River

Perambulation of Cork city franchises with fireworks

Riverstown: Bishop of Cork's seat with Franchinis stucco

Robert's-Town castle: frontier tower against Fitz-Geralds

Rostellan clay sent to Staffordshire for pottery manufacture

Royalist defeat at Ballyellis, Wicklow

Seal of Tracton Abbey

Sir William Penn born in Macroom castle

Spinning school for linen at Castlemartyr

St Finbarr's Cathedral founding and rebuilding

St. Mary Shandon church razed and rebuilt

St Patrick's crosier at Muskerry's Paps

Tomb of Charles and Dennis MacCarty at Kilcrea Abbey

Tracton Abbey ruins: fragments and carved stones in churchyard

Youghal's Clock Gate and town walls

Ancient nunnery at Killeigh founded by St. Abban

Battle of Castlebar, Mayo

Bishop Lyon's palace and tomb at Cork

Bishop of Cloyne lost at sea during 1642 rebellion

Blarney Castle keep and bawn description

Boyle's artificial river at Castlemartyr

Captain Bailey monument at Castlemore

Castlemartyr Corporation and its silver mace

Charity school for boys in Doneraile

Cork's marshy situation and recurring epidemic fevers

Death of Mereduk Fitz-Stephen in Cork

Deep sea caves at west head of Castlehaven

Elizabeth's Fort rebuilt as a citadel under James I

Feudal power of the Bishop of Cloyne over tenants and fishermen

Gillabbey founded by St. Finbarr, Cave of St. Finbarr

Hollyhill seat of Francis Roche with copper discovery