Name: The ancient and present state of the county and city of Cork. : Containing a natural, civil, ecclesiastical, historical, and topographical description thereof.
Author: Charles Smith (1715?–1762)

Iniskeen village named after Kean Mac Moile More

Innishannon · town · Cork

Iniskeen, a village of about thirty-eight houses six miles north of Clonakilty, takes its name from Kean Mac Moile More, ancestor of the Mahonys, according to tradition. It has a Thursday market and a pernicious whiskey distilling trade, with earthenware manufactured three miles west.

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Ims een. consisting of about thirty-eight houses. It takes its name, according to tradition, from Kean Mac Moile More, ancestor of the Mahonys. It has a good weekly market on Thursdays. This manor belonged to the Earl of Cork ; it is very large, containing no less than fourscore ploughlands, and lies on both sides the Bandon river. In this village they carry on the pernicious trade of distilling whiskey spirits. About three miles west there is a manufacture of earthenware, the clay for which is brought from the county of Kerry. The lands here are mostly under meadow and pasture ; there is likewise some corn, and no inconsiderable quantity of flax, but from Iniskeen to the village of Nuce's Town the country is, for the most part, mountainy and rocky, being covered over with heath, furze, and fern. To the north of Iniskeen is the ruined church of Kineigh, with a remarkable round tower above 70 feet high, and 1 24 feet from the west end of the church. Contrary to all others of the kind, the first story is in the form of a hexagon, but the other five stories above it are round. I shall mention more of this tower in another place.
Six miles west of Bandon, a» little east of Iniskeen, is

Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 137

John Bailey of Castlemore drains Kilcrea bog

Castlemore · townland · Cork · 1705

John Bailey of Castlemore undertook the bold attempt of draining the bog of Kilcrea, a task that had seemed too great for any private gentleman. The bog had been the domain estate of the Earl of Clancarty, and parcels were sold with adjacent lands after his forfeiture.

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1 crea og. Q^^yy^ formerly very incommodious and unprofitable, the middle of it being woody, bushy, and very deep, quite inaccessible, and edged on the E. and W. with red bogs ; and, till about thirty years ago, frequented by wolves, to the great annoyance of the adjacent inhabitants. This description of it was returned by an inquest of jurors, on a commission of survey, ann. 1656, and so it continued in the same condition till about the year 1705. It was the domain estate of the Earl of Clancarty ; and when he set the adjacent lands by lease, he always inserted a clause of reservation of the whole bog to himself, whenever he should go about to drain it ; giving them, in the meantime, liberty of pasturage, ploughbote, &c. But it might have remained long undrained if the last Earl had not forfeited it. When the trustees sold the adjacent lands, parcels of the bog were sold with them, having natural bounds of rivulets, &c., to distinguish them. It was a very bold attempt to begin to drain it by any private gentleman, yet John Bailey, esq., of Castlemore,<3o> having the
(30) The following account of this great work is given us by George Rye, esq., of Ryecourt, in his Considerations on Agriculture^ p. 81, etc., as follows : —

Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 100

Kilbrittain Castle, principal seat of MacCarthys Reagh

near Kilbrittain · street · Cork · 1203

Kilbrittain Castle was the principal seat of the MacCarthys Reagh, lords of Carbery. This branch was founded by Donal Oge, who flourished around 1203.

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Earl Clancarty (Earl of the clan or sept MacCarthy). The honours of these longdescended Milesian chieftains is now borne by a family at no time connected with this county, and only in a very remote degree in the female line with the line of Saerbrethach, or Justin, " him of noble judgment '^ (A.D. 925). The MacCarlhys, as all ruling Milesian septs, claimed ancestry from Eogan More, son of OlioU Ollum, king of Munsler second century. Keating goes further, and traces them up to Heber,son of Milesius. Carthach, who gave name to the sept, son of Saerbrethach, had two sons, Tadg and Muireadhach, both provincial kings of Munster. Muireadhach also had two sons kings of Munster : Donough, king of South Munster ; and Cormac Muimhnach, king of the two Munsters. Saba, daughter of Tadg, married first Dermod O'Brien, king of Thomond, great-grandson of Brian Boru ; and secondly, her cousin, Cormac Muimhnach. Dermod-Mor-na-Cille-Baine (1098-1185), king of Cork and Desmond at the Norman invasion, was son of Cormac and Saba. From him descended the several branches of the MacCarthys : (0 Cormac Fionn (i 130- 121 5) progenitor of the MacCarthys Mor ; Donal Oge, alias Gud (who flourished about 1 203),* of the MacCarthys Reagh, lords of Carbery, whose principal seat was Kilbrittain castle ; and Dermod More (13 10- 1367) of the lords of Muskerry. Dermod More was ancestor of all the wide-spread families of Clancarty in county Cork : the houses of Clanfaddha, Drishane, C^arrignamuck, Courtbrack, Cloghroe and Carrignavar. Of the 160 castles built in county Cork, says Windele, 26 were erected by the MacCarthys. In I495i ^^ ^^^^ ^^'^ of Muskerry (assumed from being lord of the soil) was summoned to Parliament as Lord Muskerry, in 1578 as Baron Blarney, and in 1660 Donough MacCarthy, for his loyalty to the Stuarts at the Restoration, was created Earl of Clancarty. (2) The castles of Blarney, Kifcrea, Carrignamuck, and Ballymodan, and the abbey of Kilcrea and numerous churches, trace their erection to Cormac Laidcr (the strong), fourth lord of Muskerry. A notice in the Annals of the Four MasUfs of the death of this chieftain illustrates the confusion and conflict arising from the Irish custom of succession :

Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 278

Kinsale Naval Dockyard

Kinsale · town · Cork

Kinsale harbour features a dock, yard, crane, and gun wharf for building, repairing, and arming His Majesty's vessels. It is the only port in Ireland where war ships can be refitted.

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itself here, and, with the advantage of its strong fort, makes it much frequented in war time. There are here a dock and yard for the building and repairing His Majesty's vessels ; also a crane and gun wharf for landing ^nd shipping heavy artillery, all built during the last war. In war time there is also a hulk for laying down and careening great ships, besides a storehouse, clerk of the cheque, storekeeper, master shipwright, and other proper officers, besides a number of seamen, usually kept in such places in England ; and this is the only port in Ireland where His Majesty's ships of war can be refitted.
The trade of this town is not over great The city of

Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 119

As the companion tells it

As you come through Kinsale in Cork, the harbour has a dock and yard for building and repairing His Majesty's vessels, with a crane and gun wharf for landing and shipping heavy artillery. All of this was built during the last war. In war time there is also a hulk for laying down and careening great ships, a storehouse, a clerk of the cheque, a storekeeper, a master shipwright, and other proper officers, besides a number of seamen, as are usually kept in such places in England. This is the only port in Ireland where His Majesty's ships of war can be refitted. The strong fort makes it much frequented in war time.

Letters-patent confirm Youghal College to Earl of Cork

Youghal · town · Cork · 1640

In 1640, letters-patent were passed confirming the college and its appurtenances to the Earl of Cork and trustees for the jointure of Lady Elizabeth Clifford, wife of Lord Viscount Dungarvan. The old college-house was reserved by the king for the incumbent and his successors for ever.

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(17) Anno 1640 letters-patent were passed confirming the college and its appurtenances to the Earl of Cork, and to the persons in trust for the jointure of the Lady Elizabeth Clifford, wife to the Lord Viscount Dungarvan, his son and heir, which patent was also a full discharge to the Earl of Cork and his tenants for all issues and profits arising out of the college and its appurtenances. In this patent the house called the old college-house, with its appurtenances, were reserved by the king for the use of the incumbent and his successors for ever.
(18) Lord Cork's Diary.

Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 44

Mallow bridge over the Blackwater

Mallow · town · Cork · 1666

Lord Orrery noted in 1666 that Mallow had the only bridge over the Blackwater, navigable for boats for forty miles. The castle there was of good strength with slight repair, and the bridge was one of the greatest passes in the province, dividing the country if seized by an enemy.

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(5) Lord Orrery, in a letter to the Duke of Ormond, dated at Charleville the 3rd of April, 1666, takes notice that there was then but one bridge over the Blackwater, which, he says, is forty miles navigable for boats. This bridge is at Mallow, where there is a castle of good strength, if it had a little reparation, and is one of the greatest passes and thoroughfares in this province, and, if seized on by any enemy, would, in effect, divide the country into two parts. The repair of this castle was preisented by the grand jury of the county, but the judge reserved himself from answering till he spoke with Lord Orrery, the lord president, and again deferred the affair till he spoke with the lord lieutenant, the law only allowing presentments for bridges, causeways, highways, etc. This was when the kingdom was threatened with an invasion from France.
(6) Mallow has a collector in it for getting in the king's quit rents and other duties ; he has ;£ioo a year salary. There are also in this district one surveyor of excise, at

Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 174

Mitchelstown Castle built on White Knights' castle site

Mitchelstown · townland · Cork · 1823

The third Earl of Kingston built a large modern castle in 1823 on the site of the ancient castle of the White Knights, descended from the FitzGibbon family. The Kingstons were known for lavish hospitality and endowed Kingston College with pensions for reduced gentlefolk.

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Earl of Kingston. This family, in the female line, descended from FitzGibbon, the last White Knight, and inherited his property. Sir John King, the ancestor and head of the Kingston family, was elevated to the peerage in 1660 by Charles II. On the site of the ancient castle of the While Knights the third Earl of Kingston, in 1823, elected one of the largest modern castles in the kingdom. The Kingstons were famed for their lavish hospitality, Robert the fourth earl being the most noted. One hundred guests frequently assembled at one time in the castle, for whom was provided every kind of amusement. They also endowed Kingston College with pensions for reduced gentlefolk. The greater portion of the vast Kingston estates have been sold, and what remains is now held by the Dowager Countess of Kingston (widow of fifth earl, married secondly to William Downes Webber, esq.)i who resides at Mitchelstown castle. Henry Ernest Newcomen King-Tenison, the eighth and present earl.
Earl of Egmont. Sir Philip Perceval, who for several years was actively engaged in the government of Ireland, obtained grants of forfeited lands to the extent of 100,000 acres. In 1715 his descendant. Sir John Perceval, was elevated to the peerage of Ireland as Baron Perceval of Burton, county Cork, and in 1722 was further advanced as Viscount Perceval of Kanturk. In 1732 the Viscount obtained a charter to colonize the Province of Georgia in America, and being nominated president thereof, was advanced to an earldom in the peerage of Ireland in 1733 as Earl of Egmont. Charles George Perceval, of Lohert Castle, county Cork, etc. , the seventh and present earl.

Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 279

Mocollop Castle built by Gerald Fitz-Gerald

Lismore and Mocollop · parish · Cork

Gerald Fitz-Gerald, grandson of the Earl of Desmond and youngest son of Thomas the eighth earl, built the castle of Mocollop on the borders of Cork and Waterford. He was also founder of the family of Coshbride, a territory spanning both counties.

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(53) Gerald Fitz-Gerald, grandson to the above-mentioned earl, and youngest son to Thomas, the eighth earl (who was beheaded at Drogheda, for his unjust exactions, according to Davis ; or, according to Kussel's history of this house, which J have in manuscript, by the malice of King Edward the IVth's queen, for advising the king not to marry her), built the castle of Mocollop, upon the borders of this county and that of Waterford, and was the founder of the family of Coshbride, a territory in both counties. He was knighted, and married the daughter of Maurice, Lord Roche, Viscount Fermoy, by whom he had James his heir, and Thomas, the father of John, who built the castle of Kilmacow, lately fallen to ruin There were many of the Fitz-Geralds" castles :n this tract, near the river Bride , those in this county are Mogeely, once a seat of the Earls of Desmond, of which hereafter Also Connougb, built by Thomas Fitz- Gerald Roe, eldest son of James, the BfteenMi Earl of Desmond, by a daughter of Maurice, Lord Roche, from whom his father was divorced, upon pretence of being too near of kin. This Thomas did not concern bimse!f ii: the rebeUioo of his relations, but lived peaceably in his castle of Connough, where he died, anno 15^3, and was interred among his ancestors in the Franciscan Aobey at Youghal. He had issue by Ellis, daughter of Richard Poer, Lord of Curraghmore, three sous, James, John, and Gerald,
28 THE ANCIENT AND PRESENT STATE OF

Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 22

O'Crowleys of Kilshallow: woody territory and 1600 skirmish

Kilshallow · townland · Westmeath · 1600

The O'Crowleys inhabited a tract called Kilshallow, west of Bandon on the river of that name, described in old manuscripts as woody and mountainous. A smart skirmish took place there between the Mac Cartys of Carbery and the O'Learys of Muskery in 1600.

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These were the chief Irish septs in this large barony of Carbery, which is the greatest in Ireland ; nor could I hear of any other who possessed any considerable territory in it, except the O'Crowleys, who inhabited a tract called Kilshallow, which lay west of Bandon, on the river of that name. This family derived their descent from Diarmuid, of Mylurig, in Conaught Their country, in old MSS., is described to have been woody and mountainous ; and mention is also made of a smart skirmish happening in it between the Mac Cartys of Carbery and the O'Learys of Muskery, anno 1600.
I have already observed that Kinalmeaky was a part of Carbery, as was also the modern barony of Ibawn and Barriroe, which, though divided by an arm of the sea, comprehends but one small barony. The tract called Ibawn, i,e, " the fair territory," was, after the coming in of the English, wrested from the old proprietors by Lord Arundel, commonly called Lord Arundel of the Strand ; and from him it fell to the Barrymore family. There are the remains of an ancient castle on the strand of Cloghnikelty, formerly called Arundel castle,<='*> but now Rine castle. Barryroe has its present name from a branch of the Barrys,^''5) but

Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 18

Old church foundation at Douglas burying-ground (1700)

near Douglas · townland · Cork · 1700

Bishop Downes found near Douglas a burying-place in an open field with the foundation of a church still remaining, but people were carrying away the stones. He charged them to carry away no more. This had been the church of Carrigaline parish about a century before the new church was built.

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" Thursday, Sept. 27. I saw Carickoline church ; it is above seventy foot long ; "built with stone and clay, but the walls are pretty good; well slated and well " furnished with seats. In the church hangs the king's arms and table of marriage. "A good vestry built on the north side of the church, at the charge of the dean *'of Corke. In the vestry is a chest, where they have a vestry-book and registry "for christenings, and book of canons, acts against swearing, and common prayer- " books and bible. There is linen for the communion-table, a pewter flagon, chalice, "paten, and basin of silver, and a pewter font. The school is kept in the church, " by Rich. Codner, the clerk of the parish. A large church-yard, at least an English "acre, well fenc't, & set round with sycamores. There are five small parcels of " glebe belonging to the incumbent of this parish. Not far from the church is the " old castle of Carickoline, 'tis almost ruinous ; it formerly belonged to the family of the " Coghans, now it is the estate of Ld. Shannon. Near Douglas, in this parish, is a " burying-place in an open field ; there is still remaining the foundation of a church, "but they were carrying away the stones of the foundation. I charg'd them to carry "away no more. The field is part of Sir John Mead's, set to the potter at Douglas. " This was, about one hundred years ago, the church of Carrickoline parish, before the " new church was built, where it now is, in the centre of ye parish. In this parish also "there is another burying-place, near a village call'd Balliarban, about four miles " distant from Corke, on the left hand of the road from Cork to Carickoline ; it is in an " open field. There does not appear any foundation of a church, but the ground seems " higher about the middle of the burying-place. The Irish bury in this place some- " times. It is thought that there was a church here."

Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 204

Passage as unloading port for Cork, 1762

Passage West · town · Cork · 1762

In 1762, ships of burthen unloaded at Passage, with cargoes carried up to Cork on small cars drawn by one horse or in small vessels. There were few houses in Passage, including a very indifferent inn.

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" 1762. — Here all ships of burthen unlade, and their cargoes are carried up to Cork, " either on small cars drawn by one horse, or in vessels of small size, the channel " higher up admitting those of 150 tons burthen. There are but few houses in Passage, " one of which is a very indifferent inn." — Derrick* s Letters^ voi. i., p. 31.
" 1 819. — There is an inn, a hotel, and a newsroom in Passage. The town is much " frequented in the summer by the inhabitants of Cork for the benefit of salt-water "bathing. It stands an Irish mile in length, along the shore. The principal trade " carried on in the town is the repairing of vessels, of which a good number in the " year come hither for that purpose. Timber ships from Sweden and the Northern *' Powers always stop and unload at Passage, and many merchant ships belonging to " Cork also take in their cargoes and discharge there. There is a church at Passage "about ninety-eight years built; a Catholic chapel built about fifteen years ago; a "glebe of seven acres, on which are the remains of an old church, and a glebe-house " built last year (1820) by the curate, where he now resides, for the building of which " the Board of First Fruits granted him £soo"

Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 127

Rebels routed at Ballygullen, Wicklow

Ballygullen · townland · Wexford · 1798

On 4 July 1798, rebels driven from the White-Heaps near Ballyraheen took up a position at Ballygullen where they were attacked and routed by Generals Needham and Duff. The pursuit was carried out by Lord Roden's Foxhunters and yeomanry cavalry under Captain White, who cut down great numbers.

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4th July. The rebels having been driven from the White-Heaps near Ballyraheen, county Wicklow, took up a position at Ballygullen, where they were attacked and routed by Generals Needham and Duff. The pursuit was carried out by Lord Roden's Foxhunters (Fencibles), and the Yeomanry Cavalry under Captain White, who cut down great numbers.
nth July. Brilliant defence of Clonard, Westmeath, by 26 yeomen under Lieutenant Tyrell, against a large body of insurgents, until relieved by 26 men under Lieutenant Houghton of the Kinnegad Infantry. This body of rebels were pursued and defeated next day by Colonel Gough, and, being hunted by General Myers, were driven upon Slane, and routed by General Meyrick.

Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 286

Redmond Roche of Cahirduggan expelled from Parliament for rebellion

Caherduggan · townland · Cork · 1639–1642

Redmond Roche, of Cahirduggan, was elected as a Member of Parliament for County Cork in March 1639 but was expelled on the 22nd of June 1642 for his role in the rebellion. This connects the Roche family's estate at Cahirduggan to the political upheaval of the 1641 rebellion.

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1639, March 2nd. Sir William St. Leger, knt., of Doneraile; Sir Donagh McCarthy, knt.; Redmond Roche, of Cahirduggan, expelled the 22nd of June, 1642, for the rebellion.
1661, April 25th. Hon. Richard Boyle; Sir Henry Tynte, knt., of Roxhall.

Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 272

Richard Boyle created Baron Boyle of Youghal

Youghal · town · Cork · 1616–1620

Richard Boyle, the Great Earl of Cork, was created Baron Boyle of Youghal in 1616 before being elevated to Viscount Dungarvan and Earl of Cork in 1620. He acquired vast estates and advanced English interests in the south of Ireland.

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Earl of Cork. Richard Boyle, generally called the Great Earl of Cork, came to Ireland in 1583 as an adventurer. His acquisition of estate and his services and public works accomplished for advancement of the English interest and the Protestant religion in the South of Ireland were enormous. At the outbreak of the Rebellion in 1 641, the Lord President raised an army in which were enrolled the Earl of Barrymore, son-in-law to the Earl of Cork, and his lordship's three sons. Lords Dungarvan, Broghill, and Kinalmeaky. The estate enabled him to raise a regiment of 1,000 foot and two troops of horse, sixty in each troop, which were taken into the king's pay. He died in 1643. The justice with which the Earl of Cork obtained his vast estates has bc^ questioned by most historians. In 1616 he was created Baron Boyle of Youghal, in 1620 Viscount Dungarvan and Earl of Cork. He had five sons (besides several daughters) : — ist, Richard Lord Dungarvan, afterwards second Earl of Cork. 2nd, Lewis, created 1628 Baron of Bandon Bridge and Viscount Boyle of Kinalmeaky ; killed at the battle of Liscarroll, when his titles devolved on the earldom of Cork. 3rd, Roger, his ablest son, in 1628 created Lord Broghill, and in 1666 Earl of Orrery ; on the death of the fifth Earl of Orrery, the title. was united to that of Cork. 4th, Francis, in 1660 created Viscount Shannon ; the title expired with his grandson. 5th, Robert Boyle, the celebrated philosopher and chemist. On the death of the fourth Earl of Cork in 1753, leaving an only surviving daughter married to the fourth Duke of Devonshire, the greater portion of the vast estates of the earls of Cork passed to the Devonshire family. In a return of landowners laid before parliament in 1876, the Duke of Devonshire was owner of 32,520 acres, and the Earl of Cork and Orrery of 20, 165 acres, in the county Cork. Richard Boyle succeeded his grandfather as ninth Earl of Cork and Orrery, etc., in 1856.

Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 277

Richard Caulfield buried at Douglas cemetery

near Douglas · townland · Cork · 1887

Richard Caulfield, LL.D., F.S.A., was buried at Douglas cemetery on 7 February 1887, between the graves of Hayman and Millikin where two paths meet. An inscription by Dean S. O. Madden marks the spot, erected by friends who admired his learning.

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Before Dr. Caulfield's death he expressed a wish to be buried at Douglas, near his friend the Rev. Canon Hayfnan, who died in the winter of 1886-7, 2tnd it devolved on me to see that wish carried out, and to secure the only vacant spot where two paths meet, between the graves of Hayman and Millikin, and here he was laid on Monday morning, the 7th of February, 1887, and the following inscription from the pen of his friend, the late Very Rev. S. O. Madden, D.D., Dean of St Fin Barre's, marks the spot : —
360 THE ANCIENT AND PRESENT STATE OF

Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 203

Round tower at Mitchelstown church

Mitchelstown · townland · Cork

The remains of a round tower stood thirty yards from the south-west angle of the church at Mitchelstown. The tower fell within the living memory of several people at the time of writing.

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miles from Cork, situated on a height, in a rich limestone soil. Here is a pretty market-house, built of hewn stone, where is held a large weekly market, and some good houses. At one end of the town is the church, in decent repair, being a chapel of ease to Brigowne, now in ruins, which, if we may believe Colgan, was an ancient bishopric. The walls of this church still remain ; they were built of large blocks of a very fine freestone, brought hither a great way from the mountains. I have observed that most of our ancient churches were built of this stone. Here were the remains of one of the round towers, which stood thirty yards from the south-west angle of the church, and fell, in the memory of several people. A relic was kept here, called Baculus Finachaniy «>., " St Finachan's staff," on which the adjacent country-people used to swear, and to which saint this building is attributed ; his festival is kept here on the 25th of November. In this church is a monument to the memory of Margaret Lady Kingston ; but there is little more of the inscription legible. Brigowne is a mile east of Mitchelstown. Near the latter place was a good chalybeate spa, now stopped up by the falling of the earth into the well. A gentleman having mentioned a water near Mitchelstown, which, he said, had the quality o( purging horses, when I went to the spot I found it to be a fine limestone spring, and that the place abounded with the Cicuta Aquatica^ or Hemlock Water-Dropwort, which, I imagine, gave this purging quality to the water. A mile south of C hirdrin Mitchelstown, on a hill, stands the castle of Cahirdriny, i>., " Fort Prospect," built by the Roches, at present on the estate of Arthur Hyde, esq., whose ancestor. Sir Arthur Hyde, lived in this castle, in which he was often attacked by the Irish. It commands a very extensive prospect, and is also seen from every part of the adjacent

Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 180

Sir David de Barry founds Buttevant Abbey

Buttevant · town · Cork · 1267

Sir David de Barry, Lord Justice of Ireland in 1267, subdued the Mac Cartys in County Cork and founded the abbey of Buttevant. He also enlarged the revenues of the nearby Ballybeg abbey.

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(4a) This Philip de Barry succeeded his elder brother, Robert de Barry, who was the first man (says Cambrensis) that was wounded in the conquest of this kingdom, and was also the first who ever manned an hawk in this island. The same author gives a noble character of him, and says, "he was a man rather ambitious to be eminent, than to seem so/' This family hath afibrded several eminent persons, besides the above Robert de Barry, viz.: Giraldus Cambrensis, who, in 1185, attended King John into Ireland, in quality of bis secretary, and was bishop of St. David's, alias Minevia, in Wales, and refused the bishoprics of Ferns and Leighlin, in Ireland, which were then vacant. During his stay here he collected materials for his Topography of Ireland, and his Vaticinal History of the conquest of it; but finished them in England. 2. Sir David de Barry, who was Lrord Justice of Ireland, anno 1267. He subdued the Mac Cartys in this county, founded the abbey of Buttevant, and enlarged the revenues of that of Ballybeg, founded by his grandfather, Philip de Barry. 3. Gerald de Barry, Lord Bishop of Cork, anno 1359. 4. James Barry, Lord Buttevant (anno 1555). 5. David, Viscount Buttevant, who did great service in Tyrone's rebellion, in 1601. 6. David, the first Earl of Barrymore, who served against the Scots, anno 1639, and in the Irish Rebellion of 1641, as will further be seen in the annals of this county.
There is an island, called Barry Island, on the S.W. coast of Glamorganshire, in Wales, which, with a castle on the opposite shore, had their names from this family.

Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 21

Spike Island as an 18th-century smuggling hub

Spike Island · townland · Cork · 1740–1760

Spike Island, later Fort Westmoreland, was a noted place for smuggling around the middle of the eighteenth century. Small vessels would steal in at high water unseen by the officers of Cork.

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•' Spike, about the middle of the last century, was a noted place for smuggling, for " small vessels, at high water, would steal in unseen by the officers of Cork."
In Smith's History he omits all record of one of the most picturesque features that adorn the harbour, namely Rocky Island. This omission is amply supplied by Croker, who gives a sketch of its ground plan and elevation, and says that

Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 85

St. Catherine's Church site near Northgate, Cork

Cork · city · Cork · 1629

St. Catherine's Church stood on ground later occupied by North Abbey Square, just outside the Northgate of Cork. A 1629 Corporation record details building permissions within seven square feet of the church's west wall.

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"Vour issue is to enquire aud Irye the ditTerences o[ the meares and bonds betwixt Thomas Sarsfield, gent., and Sir John (itz Kdmond Gerrald. lent., of the lands without the Northgate, neere St. Catherine Churehe one the weast." " We linde and present that it shall be lawful for the said Thomas, his Tennants or assigneas, to errect his or theire buildings upon the said Thomas is land on the East, within seven square foot of the pinicill of St. Catherine's Cliureh one the weast, with seven foot is to be left voide aud unbuilt, as well for the light of the said Church as for a lanne for the said Thomas and his assignees dwelliiig upon the said land on the cast. Witness our hands, xx. Augt. 1629,"

Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 28

As the companion tells it

Cork, near the Northgate. St. Catherine's Church stood here, on the west side. A corporation record from 1629 settled a boundary question between two men, Thomas Sarsfield and Sir John Fitz Edmond Gerald, both gentlemen, about the lands outside the Northgate, near the church. The record allowed Thomas, his tenants or assignees, to erect buildings on his land on the east, within seven square foot of the pinnacle of St. Catherine's Church on the west. Seven foot was to be left void and unbuilt, both for the light of the church and as a lane for Thomas and his assignees dwelling on the land. The record is dated the twentieth of August, 1629.

St. Fin Barre's school and monastic ruins at Gougane Barra

near Gougane Barra · population centre · Cork

St. Fin Barre established his first great school at Lough-Eirce, now Gougane Barra, attracting so many devotees that it transformed a desert into a great city of cells. The island contains ruins of a small chapel, cloisters, eight arched cells, and a causeway, described in detail from an 1826–30 article. A simple burial ground on a green eminence nearby reflects the sparse population of the mountain country.

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"On a little green eminence, a few lowly mounds, without stone or inscription, point out the simple burying-place of the district ; their number, and the small extent of ground covered, give at a glance, the census and the condition of a thinly-peopled mountain country. . * . . • A rude artificial causeway led us into the hol^ island ; at the entrance stands a square, narrow, stone inclosure, flagged overhead. This mcloses a portion of the water of the lake, which finds admission beneath. .... We found the greater portion of the island covered by the ruins of the small chapel, with its appurtenant cloisters, and a large square court, containing eight cells, arched over. This square &ces the causeway, from which a passage leads, through an avenue of trees, to a terrace about five feet in height, to which we ascended by a few steps. In the middle of the court, on a little mound, with an ascent at each side of four stone steps, stands the shattered and time-worn shafl of a wooden cross. . . . The terrace leads by a few steps down to the chapel, which adjoins it at the north side. This little oratory, t<^ether with the, building belonging to it, are all in complete ruin ; they were built on the smsdlest scale, and with the rudest materials. • • . The oratoiT runs east and west ; the entrance is through a low arched doorway in the eastern wall ; the mterior is about thirty-six feet long, by fourteen broad, and the side walls but four feet high, so that when roofed it must have been extremely low, being at the highest, judging from the broken gables, about twelve feet, and then the entire lighted by the door and two small windows, one in each gable. The walls of the four small chambers adjoining are all of a similar height to those of the chapel. The entire extent is fifty-six feet in length, by thirty-six in breadth, one or two of these consists of extremely small cells, so that when we consider their height, extent, and the light they enjoyed, we may easily calculate that the life of the successive andiorites who inhabited them was not one of much comfort or convenience, but much the reverse^K>f silence, gloom, and mortification. Man elsewhere lives to contend with, and, if possible, emulate nature in the greatness and majesty of her works ; but here, as if awed by the sublimity of surrounding objects, and ashamed of his own real littleness, the humble founder of this desecrated shrine constructed it on a scale peculiarly pigmy and diminutive. . . . The buildings stand at the south-east side, and cover nearly hsdf the island. The remainder, which is clothed with the most beautiful verdure, is thickly shaded to the water's edge by tall ash trees. , . • In this island the holy Bishop, St. Fin Barre, wishing, to lead a life of pious retirement, found a situation beyond all others most suitable to his desire ; a retreat as impenetrable as the imagination could well conceive, and seemingly designed by nature for the abode of some sequestered anchorite, where in undisturbed solitude he might pour out his soul in prayer, and hola converse ' with nature's charms, and see her stores unrolled.'"

Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 247

Theatres and coffee houses of Cork city

Cork · city · Cork

Cork had a theatre where Dublin comedians performed during the summer assizes, plus a smaller disused one in Broad Lane. Two coffee houses near the Exchange were much frequented and stocked English and Dublin newspapers.

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great achievements in the hands of the Israelite king; and Cambrensis ^*3) affirms, that the Irish, some hundred years ago, were incomparably well skilled in this instrument, beyond what he had observed in many other nations, which is also confirmed by Polydore Virgil/'*^ In this city is a good theatre, where the comedians from Dublin entertain the town generally during the summer assizes, and a month or two longer as they meet with encouragement There is a smaller one in Broad Lane, which is not now made use of, and, indeed, one playhouse seems to be more than sufficient for this city. Here are only two coffee houses, both near the Exchange ; they are much frequented ; and, besides the English newspapers, have most of the Dublin ones. The better sort are fond of news and politics, and are well versed in public affairs.
According to the accounts returned into the surveyor-general's office, there are in this city 7,366 houses, which by allowing ten persons to a house, contain 73,660 souls, ^'s)

Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 217

As the companion tells it

As you pass through Cork, the city has a good theatre, where comedians from Dublin entertain the town generally during the summer assizes, and a month or two longer as they meet with encouragement. There is a smaller one in Broad Lane, which is not now made use of, and indeed one playhouse seems to be more than sufficient for this city. Here are only two coffee houses, both near the Exchange. They are much frequented, and besides the English newspapers, have most of the Dublin ones. The better sort are fond of news and politics, and are well versed in public affairs. According to the accounts returned into the surveyor-general's office, there are in this city 7,366 houses, which by allowing ten persons to a house, contain 73,660 souls.

The True Blues independent company in Cork

Cork · city · Cork · 1746

An independent volunteer company of 100 gentlemen in Cork, commanded by Colonel Henry Cavendish, called themselves the True Blues. They wore blue and scarlet uniforms with gold-laced hats and were highly disciplined.

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* ^ **' at different times in this city. In 1746, the militia of Cork consisted of 3,000 foot and 200 horse, the latter of which were in uniform, and armed with broadswords and pistols. There were besides those, an independent company, commanded by Colonel Henry Cavendish, who called themselves the True Blues, being in uniform of that colour, turned up with scarlet, with waistcoats of the same, gold-laced hats, etc. This company was composed of a hundred gentlemen, who were extremely well disciplined, and performed the manual exercise and evolutions with the greatest*exactness.
The arms or device of this city is a ship between two ^ ' castles, all proper, with this lemma. Static benefida Carinis.

Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 224

As the companion tells it

As you pass through Cork, in 1746 this city had a militia of 3,000 foot and 200 horse. The horse were in uniform and armed with broadswords and pistols. There was also an independent company commanded by Colonel Henry Cavendish, who called themselves the True Blues. They wore blue uniforms turned up with scarlet, with waistcoats of the same, and gold-laced hats. The company was composed of a hundred gentlemen, who were extremely well disciplined, and performed the manual exercise and evolutions with the greatest exactness. The arms of this city are a ship between two castles, with the motto Static benefida Carinis.

Christchurch Bandon built 1625 on Danish entrenchment

Bandon · town · Cork · 1625–1629

The north church of Bandon, called Christchurch, was built in 1625 in the form of a cross and strongly roofed with fine oak. It stood on the site of a former old Danish entrenchment. The oldest gravestone, dated 1629, marked Mr. Crofts, one of the first burgesses.

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grants ; it was incorported by the interest of the same nobleman/**^ and divided into two parishes ^»'> by the Bandon river. There are two Churches churches and two market-houses, one on either side ; and besides the churches there is a Dissenting and a Quaker's meeting-house. The north church is called Christchurch, and was built ann. 1625, in the form of a cross ; it is well pewed and strongly roofed with fine oak, the timber being as straight and as sound as the day it was set up. Where this church stands there was formerly an old Danish entrenchment The glebe belonging to the incumbent lies farther north, on the site of the old parish church. The oldest gravestone in this church is dated ann. 1629, over one Mr. Crofts, one of the first burgesses of this corporation. On the left-hand of the altar, beneath an escutcheon, is this epitaph : —
From the rude world's campaigns, the much-admired

Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 121

Abbeymahon monastic ruins on Courtmacsherry Bay

Abbeymahon · townland · Cork

The ruins of Abbeymahon stand on the shore of Courtmacsherry Bay. It was founded by Bernardine monks at their own expense, and Lord Barry gave them eighteen ploughlands constituting the parish. The estate was only held until the building was finished, but the dissolution of monasteries intervened and the lands were seized by the crown.

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Abbevmahon halfway down, close to the shore, stands the ruins of
Abbeymahon <'®> ; it was founded by the Bernardine monks at their own expense, who were a very rich order. The Lord Barry gave them eighteen ploughlands, which constitute the parish of Abbeymahon, but this estate was only given them till the building was finished, which never happened, for soon after the dissolution of monasteries took place, and these lands were seized into the hands of the crown. The walls of the church are standing, and a house is built on part of the ruins, round which is a grove. In this parish is a good quantity of fine arable land. The next improvement on the river is the seat of Boyle Travers, esq., encompassed with good plantations.

Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 124

Baltimore burgesses offer to build forts after raid

Baltimore · town · Cork

The sovereign and burgesses of Baltimore, mostly English Protestant families who had invested at least two thousand pounds, offered to contribute towards building forts or block-houses if their estates were secured against Sir Walter Coppinger's rival title claim.

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" The Suffraine and Burgess of Baltimore, consisting of many English Protestant families, were at great charges in building and planting there, to the value of two thousand pounds at least, in confidence of enjoying their estates, promised and derived to them from Sir Thomas Crooke, bart,, deceased, whose interest therein being avoided by a title gained therein by Sir Walter Coppinger, knt., from some natives thereabouts, hath occasioned cohtroversie between them and Sir Walter Coppinger, wherein we, out of reason of state, have interposed the authority of the board, arming, strengthening, and securing that place. The said sofferain and burgess do offer, if their estates may be secured to them, that, notwithstanding the late disaster befallen them, they will contribute in a good measure towards the building of forts or block-houses there (which they will guard at their own charge), so as His Maj. will be pleased to assign them some ordnance for their better strength, etc." — R.C.
« Page 255. Caulfield has the following : —

Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 150

As the companion tells it

Coming up on Baltimore, a town on the coast of Cork. The sovereign and burgesses here were mostly English Protestant families who had spent at least two thousand pounds building and planting, trusting they would keep their estates through a grant from Sir Thomas Crooke, deceased. But Sir Walter Coppinger gained a title to the land from some of the natives nearby, and that set off a controversy between them and Coppinger. The authorities stepped in, acting, as they said, out of reason of state, to arm, strengthen and secure the place. The sovereign and burgesses then made an offer. If their estates could be secured to them, they would contribute towards building forts or block-houses there, and guard them at their own charge. They asked only that His Majesty assign them some ordnance for their better strength. This came after what the record calls "the late disaster befallen them."

Beef and butter exports from Cork, 1743-1745

Cork · city · Cork · 1743–1745

Cork's chief exports were beef, hides, butter and tallow, with nearly a hundred thousand bullocks and cows slaughtered annually from August to Christmas. In 1744 alone, over 118,000 barrels of beef and nearly 98,000 cwt of butter were shipped.

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of this city, which immediately on the peace was more than ordinarily increased, I have subjoined an abstract of its imported and exported commodities, as I find them returned in the Customhouse books ("7) before the rupture with France. One year with another, there were nearly a hundred thousand bullocks and cows slaughtered in this city, from August to Christmas ; and the chief cxportations consist of beef, hides, butter, and tallow.
Anno 1670, the channel to the south of the King's Marsh, now called *' Dunscombe's Marsh," was cut, and the quay on the same began to be filled up.

Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 217

As the companion tells it

You are passing through Cork. In the years around 1743 to 1745, this city's trade ran on its livestock. Nearly a hundred thousand bullocks and cows were slaughtered here each year, from August to Christmas. The chief exports were beef, hides, butter, and tallow. In 1744 alone, over 118,000 barrels of beef and nearly 98,000 cwt of butter were shipped out. The Customhouse books recorded all of this before the rupture with France, when the trade had grown sharply after the peace.

Benedictine priory of St. John, cell to Bath Abbey

Cork · city · Cork · 1100–1199

A Benedictine priory was founded by John Earl of Morton (afterwards King John) in the twelfth century on the south side of Cork, made a cell to the abbey of Bath in England. The ruined church of St. John marked its site at the time of writing.

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4th. A priory of the Benedictine order, founded by John Earl of Morton, afterwards King John, in the twelfth century, which he made a cell to the abbey of Bath, in England. This house stood on the south side of the city where the ruined church of St John now remains.
5th. A monastery of Franciscans, or Grey Friars, founded, according to Wadding, in the year 1231 (but Ware says in 1240), by Philip Prendergast. Wadding says the founder of this house was Mac Carty More, whose tomb stood in the midst of the choir. From the strict discipline observed in this house, it acquired the name of the Mirror of Ireland. Here was a most stately church, where several of the principal persons of Munster were interred ; and near it was a celebrated spring which the friars pretended had the virtue of curing sore eyes, by the miraculous intercession of St. Francis ; this water oozes out of a redstone rock, and does not lather with soap. In the chapel of this place the late King James heard mass, in March, 1688, being supported through the streets of the city by two Franciscan friars, and attended by many others of the same order, in their habits. The possessions of this house were originally granted to Andrew Skiddy by Queen Elizabeth, who assigned them to the Earl of Cork, and by him given to his son, the Lord Broghill, afterwards Earl of Orrery. This building stood on the north side of the city, and is now entirely demolished.

Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 211

As the companion tells it

As the road carries you through Cork, on the south side of the city once stood a priory of the Benedictine order. It was founded by John Earl of Morton, who afterwards became King John, in the twelfth century. He made this house a cell to the abbey of Bath in England. The ruined church of St. John now remains on the site where the priory stood.

Bishop Downes commissions cathedral furnishings at Cork

Cork · city · Cork · 1700–1709

In 1700, the year after Bishop Dive Downes's appointment, the dean and chapter advanced money for a bishop's throne in the cathedral and ordered an eagle lectern made from a brass branch in the chapter-house chest. Downes left a manuscript journal of a tour through the Diocese of Cork and Ross.

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In 1699 Dr. Dive Downes, arcdeacon of Dublin, succeeded. He was bom in Thornby, in Northamptonshire, but was educated at Trinity College, Dublin. We leam from the register of the university that he was son of the Rev. Lewis Downes, of the same place, and received the rudiments of his education under a Mr. Haslome. The year after his appointment the dean and chapter advanced £2,0 towards making a bishop's throne in the cathedral ; and in the same year the dean and chapter ordered that their oeconomus should buy an eagle to put the church bible upon, to be made of the brass branch in the chest in the cbapter^iouse. He left after him
442 THE ANCIENT AND PRESENT STATE OF

Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 251

As the companion tells it

As the road brings you through Cork, this city saw a change in its cathedral in 1700. Dr. Dive Downes, born in Thornby in Northamptonshire and educated at Trinity College Dublin, had succeeded as bishop in 1699, the son of the Reverend Lewis Downes. The year after his appointment, the dean and chapter advanced £20 towards making a bishop's throne in the cathedral. That same year they ordered their oeconomus to buy an eagle to put the church bible upon, to be made of the brass branch in the chest in the chapter house. Downes left behind him a manuscript journal of a tour through the Diocese of Cork and Ross.

Brodrick settlement at Midleton after 1641 troubles

Midleton · town · Cork · 1641–1717

Sir St. John Brodrick settled in county Cork during the troubles of 1641 and obtained considerable tracts of land under the Act of Settlement from Charles II. His son Alan was made Baron Brodrick of Midleton in 1715 and Viscount Midleton in 1717.

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Viscount Midleton. Sir St. John Brodrick, knt., settled in county Cork in the troubles of 1641, and obtained considerable tracts of land under the Act of Settlement from Charles II. Alan Brodrick, chairman of the Irish House of Commons, solicitor and attorney-general, and lord high chancellor, was advanced to the peerage in Ireland as Baron Brodrick of Midleton in 17 15, and Viscount Midleton in 17 17. William Brodrick, of Cahirmone, Midleton, etc., the eighth and present viscount.
Viscount Donerailb. The family of the St. Legers took an important part in the English government of this country. Sir William St. Leger was lord president of Munster in 1627, and represented the city of Cork in Parliament in 1639. Arthur, son of John St. Leger of Doneraile, created Baron Kilmadow and Viscount Doneraile in 1703. Hayes, fourth viscount, having died in 1767 without issue, the viscountcy became extinct. His nephew, St. Legei Aldworth, succeeded to the estates, and in 1776 was elevated to the peerage of Ireland as Baron Doneraile, and in 1785 as Viscount Doneraile. Edward St. Leger, the fifth and present viscount. Property passed by marriage with daughter and heiress of fourth viscount to Lord Castletown.

Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 280

Cage for boys and pillory erected in Youghal

Youghal · town · Cork · 1664

In 1664, a cage for boys and a pillory were erected in Youghal, following a similar cage and a cucking-stool put up in 1653. These were instruments of local justice and public punishment.

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" 1664. Richard Gillett (mayor). Edwd. Perry, John Pyne, bayliffs. " This mayor and bayliffs neglected their duties in not minding the weights and " measures, and not setting the assize of bread according to the several acts of the "time. This year a cage was made for boys and a pillory erected. No foreigner to " be made free at large only during his residence here. A lease made to Owen " Silver, Esq., of the office of town clerk during his life. This ^ar the king's declaration " of war against the United Provinces was proclaimed with the usual solemnitie." " 1665. Thos. Baker (mayor), Wm. Sargent, Robert Summer, bailiffs." " The king's proclamation for peace with France, Denmark, and Holland, the 20th " Septr. was here published in the usual place."
(5) Under the same date there is in the Cooke MS. a record of this gift. " Captn. " Thomas Ponel gave this Corporation a silver boat, which holds three noggins, which " is to be drank full at the usiial feasts of the Mayors, by each of the Company, before *• he parts, with the usual toast, * Captain Ponel dead or alive.' "

Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 48

Carrickafouky castle and Druid altar

Carrigaphooca · townland · Cork

Two miles west of Macroom stands Carrickafouky, 'the castle of the fog,' built by the Mac Cartys of Drishane in a wild and romantic situation. Its entrance is via a dangerous craggy rock accessible only to one active person at a time, with the Sullane running foaming below. Near the castle are a large balanced stone on a high rock and the remains of a Druid altar encircled with stones pitched endways.

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Two miles west stands the high castle of Carickafouky, Canckafouky. ^^^ „ j-^j^^ ^.^^^ castle," built by the Mac Cartys of Drishane
in a wild and romantic situation. The entrance into it is by a high craggy rock of dangerous and slippery footing, where no more than one person at a time can climb, and he must be very active that will trust entirely to

Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 97

Carrignamuck castle granted to Kallaghan Mac Teig by Donal M'Cormocke Carty

Carrignamuck · townland · Cork · 1600

The castle, town, and lands of Carrignymuck were ordered to Kallaghan Mac Teig to hold of the Lord of Muskry and his heirs male for ever, for the reservation of a rose or a grain of wheat by the year, as recorded by Don. M'Cormocke Carty.

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"The names of the Castles belonging to the L. or Chieftain of Muskry: The " Castell of Blarney, Kilcrea, Mocrompy, and Carignyvar, now in possession. Castell- " ny-hinshy, wd Cormocke's mother for terme of life. Castellmore wd Kallaghan MTeig, *• for term of life. Carrigdrohid, with dame Johan Butler for life. Rem. to L. Muskry. *• The castle, town, and lands of Carrignymuck ordered to Kallaghan Mac Teig to hold " of him and his heirs male for ever, for the reservation of a rose or a grain of wheat "by the year. By me, Don. M'Cormocke Carty."
Endorsed —

Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 105

Castlehaven besieges Youghal, 1645

Youghal · town · Cork · 1645

The Earl of Castlehaven besieged Youghal for about ten weeks in 1645. Despite the town being far from strong and the garrison weak, the defenders held out and the Irish army was forced to raise the siege.

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The Earl of Cork shut himself up in this town in the rebellion of 1641, in which he suffered very great hardships, and died in it during those troubles.^^'^ The Earl of Castlehaven besieged it about ten weeks, and though the town was far from being strong, and the garrison very weak and ill supplied, yet they had the courage to defend it bravely with considerable loss to the Irish army, who were at last forced to raise the siege, ann. 1645. For the further historical incidents which happened there, I refer the reader to Book III., which contains the civil history of this county.
Within three miles of Youghal the Earl of Cork had a noble park, in the parish of Ardagh, but it has been disparked several years. A little way up the river from the town, on a bold point of land, stands the ruined castle of Rincrew, once a house of the knights templars.

Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 56

Castlehaven harbour and grampus capture

Castlehaven · townland · Cork · 1850–1860

Castlehaven's beautiful estuary winds between overhanging hills, receiving a stream that drives flour mills at Rineen. Some forty years before publication, boatmen drove over fifty grampus into the bay, killed them when the tide receded, and sold the oil.

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Page 249. Castlehaven, Smith, in describing the harbour of Castlehaven, strangely omits any mention of the beautiful estuary that winds between overhanging hills, until it widens out into a bay, and receives the little stream that drives the flour mills at Rineen, and gives the bay its name. Into this, some forty years ago, were driven, by the boatmen of Castlehaven, a shoal of more than fifty grampus that had been embayed in the harbour, and here, when the tide receded, they were killed and taken, and the oil sold for the benefit of their captors. The river from Rineen to Castlehaven is of the same character as that from Carrigaline to Crosshaven, the waters of the closed-in bay finding their outlet through a long, tortuous, and narrow gorge between pine-clad hills, on which the heron builds her nest and rears her progeny in security and calm. Here, in a climate where frost is almost unknown, vieing with the Channel Islands in salubrity and mildness, the fuschia, arbutus, holly and baytrees flourish; and, like the river sides and estuaries in Canada and British Columbia, the pine trees spring almost from the verge of high-water, and completely cover the steep and beautiful hillsides with their luxuriant foliage.
Among the gentlemen's seats omitted by Smith are Glenbarrahane, the residence of Sir Jocelyn Coghill, bart, and Brisbane, the home of Colonel Somerville, D.L., etc.

Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 147

As the companion tells it

Somewhere close to Castlehaven, there's an estuary that winds between overhanging hills until it widens out into a bay. A little stream runs into it, the same stream that drives the flour mills at Rineen, and it gives the bay its name. The river from Rineen to Castlehaven runs through a long, narrow, twisting gorge between pine-clad hills, where herons build their nests and rear their young in safety. The water finds its outlet through that closed-in passage, and the hillsides are covered with pine trees springing almost from the water's edge. In this climate, where frost is almost unknown, the fuchsia, arbutus, holly and bay trees all flourish, and the hillsides are thick with their foliage. About forty years ago, a shoal of more than fifty grampus had been embayed in the harbour. The boatmen of Castlehaven drove them into this bay, and when the tide receded, they killed them and took them. The oil was sold for the benefit of their captors. Smith, in his description of the harbour of Castlehaven, strangely omitted any mention of this estuary. He also omitted the gentlemen's seats nearby, including Glenbarrahane, the residence of Sir Jocelyn Coghill, and Brisbane, the home of Colonel Somerville.

Castlesaffron castle built by Coppingers

Castlesaffron · townland · Cork

A castle on the banks of the river Mulla, said to have been first built by the Coppingers. John Love esq. built a well-appointed house nearby with a front of grey marble, and the river forms several pleasant cascades in view of the house.

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is a well-built house of John Love, esq., agreeably situated on the banks of the Mulla. This river forms several pleasant cascades in view of the house, which has a regular front of grey marble. The castle was boldly erected on the banks of the river, and is said to have been first built by the Coppingers. In limestone grounds adjoining to this place are found the resemblance of several petrified cockle-shells, in great quantities ; as also at Kilburne, which lies west of Doneraile. In an adjacent bog is aji excellent marl, of a bluish kind, that ferments with acids ; in digging for which several things have been found — as a brass spur of an odd form, the horns and teeth of the moose deer, also a brass spoon, several hazel-nuts, quantities of charcoal, etc. ; and near a Danish intrenchment Mr. Love, a few years ago, discovered" some large urns, the description of which I refer to another place.
In the house is an original painting, well executed, of the poet Spenser ; also a good picture of the Taking Down from the Cross, and another of the Holy Family ; and several rooms in this house are handsomely stuccoed by the Franchinis, Italians. On the other side of the river is a pleasant park.

Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 177

Christ Church leaning tower and siege damage

Cork · city · Cork · 1690–1720

Christ Church in Cork was rebuilt around 1720 after its tower was taken down for leaning alarmingly towards Christ Church Lane. The church previously suffered severe damage during the 1690 siege of Cork when a bomb-shell fell through its roof.

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The church suffered severely during the siege of Cork, 1690, a bombshell having fallen through the roof.
I have selected a few of the entries that occur in the vestry books and parochial records from Dr. Caulfield's complete list : —

Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 232

As the companion tells it

Coming up through Cork. Christ Church here took a bombshell through its roof during the siege of 1690, and suffered badly. After that, its tower had to be taken down, it was leaning so far towards Christ Church Lane. The church was rebuilt around 1720.

Cork militia strength and equipment in 1746

Cork · city · Cork · 1746

In 1746, the militia of Cork consisted of 3,000 foot soldiers and 200 horsemen. The horse were uniformed and armed with broadswords and pistols.

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* ^ **' at different times in this city. In 1746, the militia of Cork consisted of 3,000 foot and 200 horse, the latter of which were in uniform, and armed with broadswords and pistols. There were besides those, an independent company, commanded by Colonel Henry Cavendish, who called themselves the True Blues, being in uniform of that colour, turned up with scarlet, with waistcoats of the same, gold-laced hats, etc. This company was composed of a hundred gentlemen, who were extremely well disciplined, and performed the manual exercise and evolutions with the greatest*exactness.
The arms or device of this city is a ship between two ^ ' castles, all proper, with this lemma. Static benefida Carinis.

Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 224

Dangerous steeple at Cork parish church

Cork · city · Cork

The steeple of the principal parish church in Cork, built on piles, gave way and leaned 32 inches out of perpendicular, endangering nearby houses. It was indicted as a nuisance before the parish would take action; the remaining part still leaned 14 inches.

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" I gave them a hint how they might turn the blood to much better account — viz., by " making Prussian blue for the painters, which is made from ox blood, and there is a ** manufactory carried on in Surrey, near London. I am afraid you will think me " trifling in my accounts, to send you an account of the art, trade and mystery of a " Cork butcher. There was a very considerable manufactory at Cork for hemp, wool *' and sail-cloth. The English Parliament, some years ago, gave a bounty on all sail- '* cloth made from hemp grown in this Kingdom, and manufactured here, but that " Bounty has lately been taken away, and has almost put a stop to that trade, which is " a great pity, for England pays a great deal for hemp from Riga and other Northern "parts, which might be saved if the bounty was continued, for the Co. Limerick, and " many other places, is a proper soil for hemp, but it does not answer to manufacture " it into sail-cloths, without the bounty, but I am afraid my countrymen may thank " themselves for the loss of that bounty. For I have been told, instead of growing the " hemp there, they imported large quantities from Riga, and had the profit of manu- '* facturing it, and received the bounty, as for Irish-grown hemp. How difficult it is *' to make traders honest, tho' it would in the long run turn out to their advantage and *' the benefit of their own country, a present trifling profit gets the better of the general *' public good. The Cathedral has been new built, tis now a handsom parish church, *' which the choir is turned into. There is no nave, about 5 years ago the principal " Parish Church, was indicted for a nuisance (a pretty odd circumstance to have the *' Church indicted for a nuisance), but the fact was, that the Steeple which was built " upon piles, gave way, and was 32 inches out of the perpendicular, and till indicted, " the parish would not take it down, tho' it daily endangered 3 or 4 houses, and was a " terror to every body that passed along the streets, At present the remaining part of '* the Steeple is 14 inches out of perpendicular, and the Judges sit in a Gallery, on " Sundays, directly under this Steeple. I considered myself while at Church, like an " officer placed upon a mine, where it was my duty to stay till relieved, and said my *• prayers rather more fervently than usual. The Bishop (Dr. Browne) preached. This " bishopric is worth, like the smaller ones in Ireland, about ;^2,ooo per ann. While I "was at Cork, I went down to Passage, and Cove about 6 miles from Cork, where the " grand harbour is for men-of-war, the harbour is reckoned the best belonging to Great " Britain. The passage down the river, I think much more beautiful than from London "to Greenwich, as each side of the river is bounded by hills, well cultivated and " wooded, and covered with gentlemen's and merchants' houses. At Passage I saw one "of the Dutchess of Pompadour's privateers, which was taken some time ago by the " English, She carried 32 guns and was sheathing and careening to cruise upon the " French. General Dikes, who went down with us, and who commands the two regi- " ments encamped at Corke, showed us the passes he proposed to make stands at, in " case the French came to this Kingdom, till the army can be collected which may be " done in 3 days, and when collected would amount to about 6,000 men. If they " attempt this Kingdom, tis presumed it must be hereabouts, it would be too hazardous "to come up S. George's Channel towards Dublin, and if they landed in any other "parts of this Kingdom, they would be starved, especially if they came before the " harvest is got in. I mistook when I told you, there were no natural curiosities in this " place. I went to the Assembly, the rooms of which were built for such entertain- " ments, and are very large. I thought myself in one of the long rooms in Bath, and '* was so much crowded the ladies gave the lie to my assertion, that there were no

Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 237

As the companion tells it

As the road takes you through Cork, this is the city where the principal parish church had a steeple that would not stand straight. The steeple was built upon piles, and it gave way. It leaned 32 inches out of the perpendicular. The parish would not take it down, though it daily endangered 3 or 4 houses and was a terror to everybody that passed along the streets. It took an indictment for a nuisance, a pretty odd circumstance to have a church indicted for a nuisance, before the parish would act. The Cathedral had been newly built and was now a handsome parish church. The choir was turned into it. There was no nave. The steeple belonged to the principal parish church, and even after part of it was taken down, the remaining part still leaned 14 inches out of perpendicular. The judges sat in a gallery on Sundays directly under this steeple. The author of the account said he considered himself while at church like an officer placed upon a mine, where it was his duty to stay till relieved, and he said his prayers rather more fervently than usual. The Bishop, Dr. Browne, preached. This bishopric was worth about 2,000 per annum, like the smaller bishoprics in Ireland.

Defeat of rebels encamped in the Bog of Timahoe

Timahoe · parish · Kildare · 1798

On 7 June 1798, rebels encamped on an island in the Bog of Timahoe were defeated by a combined force of Coolestown Yeomanry, Canal Legion, Clonard Cavalry, and Ballina Cavalry.

Read the passage

7th June. Defeat of the rebels encamped on an island in the Bog of Timahoe. Part of the attacking force consisted of the Coolestown Yeomanry under Captain Wakely ; the Canal Legion under Lieutenant Adam Williams ; the Clonard Cavahy under Lieutenant Tyrrell ; and the Ballina Cavalry under Captain O'Ferrall.
7th June. Surrender of 50 of the Toome Yeomanry at Randalstown, county Antrim, to the rebels.

Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 285

Doneraile Rangers to march to review at Ballincollig

near Ballincollig · town · Cork · 1782

The Doneraile Rangers resolved that all members must attend a military review at Ballincollig near Cork on the 11th of September 1782, marching from their parade ground in Doneraile at nine o'clock on Sunday morning. Non-attendees faced court-martial and possible expulsion.

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" Resolved unanimously — That any member of this society who will not attend the review to be held at Ballincollig, near Cork, on the nth inst., fully appointed pursuant to a former rule, except prevented by sickness or the death of a friend, shall be tryed by a court-martial as soon as possible after the return of the corps from the review, and that such member shall be expelled the society, or othenvise punished, as the courtmartial shall direct. Agreed to nem, con,
'• Resolved unanimously — That this corps do meet at their parade in Doneraile at the hour of 9 o'clock on Sunday morning the 8th inst. in jackets, and fully accoutred, in order to march from thence to the review. Agreed to Tiem. con.

Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 191

Douglas woollen mills replace sail-cloth industry

near Douglas · townland · Cork

The manufacture of sail-cloth and linens in Douglas has ceased and been replaced by a successful woollen industry. Two large mills operate, owned by O'Brien Brothers and by Messrs. Morrogh and Co., Ltd.

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The manufacture of sail-cloth and linens no longer exists in Douglas. It has been superseded by the woollen industry, for which the south of Ireland has become famous, and which is here most successfully carried on in two 'large mills that are owned respectively by the Messrs. O'Brien Brothers and by Messrs. Morrogh and Co., Ltd.
Douglas has, however, another and sadder interest to many of the citizens of Cork. Since the city burial-grounds have been closed up, its peaceful and beautifully-situated cemetery has been twice enlarged, and within its precincts rest all that is mortal of many whose names will long live in the memory of Corkmen — of its most successful merchants and of its most brilliant and learned men. Here adjoining the south wall of the church rests Richard Millikin, who wrote the "Groves of Blarney," " The Riverside : a poem," etc., etc. The inscription is upon an altar tomb, which seventy-five years of storm and sunshine, frost and rain, had all but obliterated until some loving hand had the letters re-cut upon its hard gritstone slab : —

Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 203

Earl of Cork purchases Chantry of Blessed Saviour in Youghal

Youghal · town · Cork · 1606

The south wing of the church in Youghal, formerly called the Chantry of our Blessed Saviour, was purchased from the mayor and corporation of Youghal by the Earl of Cork on 29 March 1606. He was bound by deed not to disturb the ancient burials there.

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The south wing was formerly called the Chantry of our Blessed Saviour. It was purchased from the mayor and corporation of Youghal by the Earl of Cork, March 29, 1606. By which deed he was not to molest the ancient burials in this place. He repaired the chapel, and, in his lifetime, erected a handsome monument for his family, according to the taste of those times, in marble and alabaster. On this monument are the effigies of this nobleman, lying at full length on his left side, in
(") Some place the death of this Maurice a year before, and others later. He is said to be a very valiant knight, a pleasant man, and inferior to none in the kingdom, having lived all his life with commendation ; but was suspected to have a hand in the death of the earl marshal, Richard, with Robert de Burgo and others. — Cambdetis Ann.

Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 53

Earl of Cork's burial vault in Youghal Church

Youghal · town · Cork · 1642

Richard Boyle, first Earl of Cork, directed in his 1642 will that his body be interred in his vault and chapel-tomb in Youghal Church, alongside his brother Bishop John Boyle and his mother-in-law Lady Fenton.

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•• If God shall call me out of this world in Munster, then it is my will that my corps •' be interr'd with my eldest brother, Dr. John Boyle, late bishop of Corke, Cloyne and " Ross, and my good mother-in-law the good Lady Fenton, in my vault in my chappel " & tomb in Youghall Church."
" I do hereby give, grant, legate, and bequeath unto him [Sir Roger Boyle, Knt«] " . . . . the late Abbey, Monastery or Religious House, called St. Francis Abbey, " near y* North Gate of the City of Corke, with all the Messuages, Houses, Edifices, ** Buildings, Towns, Villages, Lands, Mills, Fishings, Tyths, & all other rights, members " & appurtenances to the said Abbey belonging ; and also all these the Towns, Lands, •• Tyths, and other Hereditaments, call'd or known by the Name or Names of Knock- " nehenny, the Killeens, & Killnegannagh, als. Channanstown, with their Tyths and " Appurtenances, containing by estimation three plowlands and half, being parcell of "the possessions of the late dissolved religious House of Gill als. Gill Abbey als. •' Monasterium de Antro S^* FinBarry. prope Corke, now or late in the Tenure of or " occupacon of John Gratrickes, Gent., or his assigns ; and also all that the Castle or

Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 76

Earl of Cork's endowed schools and almshouses

Youghal · town · Cork · 1613

The Earl of Cork procured letters-patent and a licence of mortmain for almshouses and schools at Youghal, Lismore, and Bandon, dated 19th of February 1613. An additional almshouse at Youghal was built by Maurice Ronayne of Dlaughtane, County Waterford, for six poor widows.

Read the passage

I cannot quit this church without taking notice that it is as well filled on the Sabbath-day as any parish church in Ireland. There are also in this town one Presbyterian, and one Quakers' meeting-house. Not far from the church is the college, which was repaired and beautified for a dwelling-house, by the first Earl of Cork ; but most of it at present is in ^, . . a ruinous condition. Near it stands an almshouse and free ' school, founded by the same nobleman. The first, for six poor widows, who have each of them lodging, firing, and £$ per annum. The schoolmaster has ;^30 a year salary. The Earl of Cork procured letters-patent and a licence of mortmain for these endowments, as well as for his almshouse and schools, at Lismore and Bandon, which bear date 19th of February, 161 3. Near this is another almshouse, built by Mr. Maurice Ronayne, of Dlaughtane, in the county of Waterford, for the support of six poor widows, who have a small stipend allowed them. Mr. Thomas Croker bequeathed £4 a year, to be distributed every St. Thomas's day ; and Mr. John Spence also left ;£^20 to be yearly distributed to the poor of this parish for ever, anno 1690.
(15) Sir Edward Villers, knt., was lord president of Munster, anno 1624. He died Sept. 7, 1626.

Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 55

Earl of Cork's strategic purchases at Carrigtohill

Carrigtohill · town · Cork

The first Earl of Cork recorded in his will that he purchased several lands near Carrigtohill from the Newtowns and Terrys to prevent rival grandees from settling there, consolidating the manor for the Earl of Barrymore.

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(s) The first Earl of Cork takes notice in his will that, in order to prevent other great men from coming to purchase a part of Carrigtohill, which might prove troublesome to the Earl of Barrymore, and to make his manor and town entire, he purchased several lands of the Newtowns and Terrys near this place and Barry's Court, and leaves his lordship the whole benefit thereof, provided his son Dungarvan be made a saver thereby, and he joins his daughter, the Lady Barrymore, in this purchase, to be enjoyed by her and their h^irs for ever.

Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 91

Fountainstown: Hodder seat preserving Tracton Abbey corbel

Fountainstown · townland · Cork

Fountainstown, a seat of the Hodder family, preserved a corbel possibly from Tracton Abbey representing a human head, which the peasantry held in great reverence. The house itself was passed over by Dr. Smith in his original account.

Read the passage

Another house passed over by Dr. Smith is Fountainstown, a seat of the Hodder family. Here was preserved a corbel from, possibly, Tracton Abbey, representing a human head, which the peasantry held in great
(«o) Phil Sullivan says Aughamartyn means " the place where the best horses in " Ireland are to be met vwth in the month of March," and " the hay from the grass on " the castle field keeps a horse in better condition than oats in other places."

Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 128

Hodder Monument inscription in Christ Church vaults

Cork · city · Cork · 1665–1673

The Hodder Monument in Christ Church vaults, Cork, commemorates William Hodder, alderman and second Mayor since the Protestant Settlement, who died May 1665, and John Hodder, alderman and first Mayor after that settlement, who died May 1673. Both served as High Sheriff of County Cork.

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" Here lyeth interred the body of William Hodder, of the Citty of Corke, alderman, '* who departed this life, May the eleventh, 1665, second Mayor of the said citty since "the Protestant Settlement of that Corporation, and the first High Sheriff for the " County of Corke, after the happy restoration of our most gratious Soveraigne King *' Charles the Second.
428 THE ANCIENT AND PRESENT STATE OF

Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 242

As the companion tells it

As you pass through Cork, the vaults of Christ Church hold a monument to William Hodder. He was an alderman of the city and second Mayor since the Protestant Settlement of the Corporation. He died on 11 May 1665. He served as the first High Sheriff for the County of Cork, after the restoration of King Charles the Second.

Kilmacow ironworks of the Earl of Cork

Kilmacow · townland · Cork

The first Earl of Cork maintained very large ironworks at Kilmacow, producing 21,000 tons of bar iron in seven years. Most of the iron mine was dug at Ballyregan, and the iron sold at £18 per ton.

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(40) At this place, the first Earl of Cork had very large ironworks. I find, by the accounts of iron in the castle of Lismore, there were made here, for his lordship, in seven years, 21,000 tons of bar iron, which at ;^i8 the ton, as it was then sold, was worth ;5378,ooo sterl. Most of the mine was dug at Ballyregan. The bar iron, I find, did not stand his lordship in more than £^ a ton, wood being then very plenty.

Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 67

Latin verses sung in honour of St. Finbarry on 25 September

Cork · city · Cork

Dr. Hanmer's Chronicles of Ireland gives a legend of St. Finbarry and prints Latin verses (which Hanmer calls 'rhymes') that were sung on the 25th of September in honour of the saint, a tradition Croker notes Smith failed to mention.

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"Why has Dr. Smith not quoted Dr. Hanmer's mention of St. Finbarry in his '• Chronicles 0/ Ireland ? Hanmer gives a far more important legend of the saint, and " even prints some of the Latin verses (rhymes, as he calls them,) which were sung on " the 25th September in honour of the saint."
Page 372-374. He has also the following notes upon the successors of St. Fin Barre in the bishopric of Cork, which appear to have been taken from Sir James Ware's work : —

Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 229

Legendary landing at Bantry Bay (Inber Sceine)

near Bantry Bay · bay · Cork

Irish antiquarians placed the landing of Partholanus and the sons of Milesius in the bay of Bantry, which they called Inber Sceine. This links Bantry Bay to the foundational mythological narratives of early Ireland.

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sprang the Momonii, or people of Munster. From Erimon, were derived the people of Lethlenii, and the Lagenii, or people of Leinster. The Ulides, or people of Ulster, sprang from Ir. From Don, the territory of Teach Duin, in the western parts of Ireland ; and from Calptha, the river Inber Calptha was called, where the Bodauus empties itself. These ancient accounts differ much from each other ; some making only three sons of Milesius to land in Ireland, whom Keating (page 83) follows ; but the landing of these, as well as of Partholanus, they all place in the bay of Bantry, which they call Inber Sceine.
(xa) Ware's Ann., p. 7.

Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 16

Manor of Castlemore assigned to Thomas Fitz-Gerald

Castlemore · townland · Cork

Thomas, son of James the fifteenth Earl of Desmond, was set aside as illegitimate and received only the barony of Kilnataloon and the manor of Castlemore near Cork. The earldom instead passed to Gerald, eldest son by a second wife.

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As this Sir Thomas was set aside by his father, upon pretence of his being illegitimate, the earldom fell to Gerald, who was the eldest son, by a second wife, and daughter to Lord of Ely, O'Carrol, so that Thomas had only the barony of Kilnataloon and the manor of Castlemore, near Cork, assigned him. Vide a grant of lands from James, Earl of Desmond, to this Thomas, in the Bodleian Library, Laud, fol. 27.
After Desmond's rebellion was over, the eldest son of this Sir Thomas took up arms, joined O'Neal, Earl of Tyrone, in his rebellion, and was afterwards known by the name of the Sugane Earl of Desmond, of whom I shall give a further account in the tlurd book of this work.

Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 22

Monument to Dame Catherine Perceval in Kinsale

Kinsale · town · Cork · 1680

An Italian marble monument in Kinsale commemorates Dame Catherine Perceval, wife of Sir John Perceval of Burton. She was born, married, and died near Kinsale between 1637 and 1679, and her son Charles is also interred there.

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" Here lies the body of Dame Catherine, relict of Sir John Perceval, of Burton, "baronet, and only daughter of Sir Robert Southwell, of Kinsale, and of Helena " Southwell, his wife. She was bom at Kinsale the ist of September, 1637; she was •• there married on the 14th of February, 1655, and died near unto it on the 17th day of "August, 1679. Her husband, Sir John Percival, died in Dublin on the 1st of Novem- " ber, 1665, in the 37th year of his age, and lieth buried there in the church of St. *• Audeon."
"Their children were — ist. Philip, bom at Kinsale the 12th of January, 1656. " 2nd. Robert, there bom the 8th of February, 1657. He departed this life and was "buried in Lincoln's Inn, in London, the 5th of June, 167 1. 3rd. John, was born at " Egmont, alias Ballymacow, near unto Burton, the 22nd of August, 1660. 4th. Charles, " born in London the 4th of November. He died at Kinsale in July, 1672, and lieth " here also interred. 5th. Catherine, born at Dublin the 19th of March, 1662. 6th. •• Helena, bom at Kinsale the 17th of Febraary, 1665, after her father's death.'*

Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 118

As the companion tells it

As you come through Kinsale, there is a monument of Italian marble that remembers Dame Catherine Perceval. She was the widow of Sir John Perceval of Burton, a baronet, and the only daughter of Sir Robert Southwell of Kinsale and Helena Southwell. She was born at Kinsale on the 1st of September 1637, married there on the 14th of February 1655, and died near the town on the 17th of August 1679. Her husband Sir John Perceval died in Dublin on the 1st of November 1665, in the 37th year of his age, and lies buried in the church of St. Audeon there. Their children were Philip, born at Kinsale on the 12th of January 1656, and Robert, born there on the 8th of February 1657, who died and was buried at Lincoln's Inn in London on the 5th of June. John was born at Egmont, also called Ballymacow, near Burton, on the 22nd of August 1660. Charles was born in London on the 4th of November, died at Kinsale in July 1672, and lies here interred as well. Catherine was born in Dublin on the 19th of March 1662, and Helena was born at Kinsale on the 17th of February 1665, after her father's death.

Old Fort block-house opposite Charles Fort

near James Fort · monument · Cork · 1690–1691

Before Charles Fort was built, a fortification on the opposite side of the bay called the Old Fort guarded the harbour. Its block-house still remained, and both forts were taken by the Earl of Marlborough in 1691; Sir Richard Booth was the last governor of the Old Fort.

Read the passage

Before this fortification was built there was one on the opposite side called the Old Fort. The block-house still remains, and is capable, if there was occasion, to have cannon mounted on its rampart Both these forts were taken by the Earl of Marlborough, ann. 1691. Sir Richard Booth was the last governor of the Old Fort
When the Spaniards took Kinsale, it is hard to conceive how they maintained themselves in the place, which (except a rampart on the side of the hill,) had very little, besides an old wall, to defend it ; there was to the south of the town a small round fort, called the Queen's Fort, which shows what weak fortifications they had in those days ; but the army under Lord Mountjoy were scarce more numerous than the Spaniards in the town.

Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 120

As the companion tells it

Near here, somewhere about James Fort, a block-house is all that's left of the Old Fort. Before Charles Fort was built, the Old Fort stood on the opposite side of the harbour. The block-house still stands, and could have cannon mounted on its rampart if there were occasion. Both forts were taken by the Earl of Marlborough in 1691. Sir Richard Booth was the last governor of the Old Fort. When the Spaniards took Kinsale, it is hard to conceive how they maintained themselves in the place, which, except a rampart on the side of the hill, had very little besides an old wall to defend it. To the south of the town was a small round fort called the Queen's Fort, showing what weak fortifications they had in those days.

Plantation of English families in Macroom under Lord Muskery

Macroom · town · Cork · 1603–1625

Upon the plantation of Munster at the beginning of King James I's reign, Lord Muskery brought over several English families — the Hardings, Fields, Terrys, Goulds, Kents, and others — and planted them in Macroom. A splendid Roman Catholic mass-house was later erected on an eminence at the entrance to the town.

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The Romanists have a splendid mass-house erected on an eminence at the entrance into the town, with a handsome altar, a pulpit, and confessional chair. Upon the plantation of Munster in the beginning of King James I.'s reign, the Lord Muskery brought over several English families of this religion, viz., the Hardings, Fields, Terrys, Goulds, Kents, etc., and planted them in Macroomp. Here is a barrack for a foot company, and a market house. In this town a considerable number are employed in combing wool and spinning woollen yarn. There are here four salt pans constantly at work. They have the rock salt from England by the way of Cork, whence it is brought by land-carriage. The salt is taken by carriers from this place into the country, where it is used in salting butter for exportation. In this town are some whiskey distillers, a Liquor and manufacture so pernicious to the poor that it renders every other employment useless to them.
The houses are built of a reddish slaty rock, and there are good blue slates for covering in the neighbourhood. This place is situated on the frontier of a very wild country, being all rocky and barren to the west, and mountainous to the north.

Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 97

Rathbarry castle, later Castle Freke

near Castlefreke · street · Cork

The Barry family's residence in this barony was named Rathbarry, a stately castle in its time. It later became known as Castle-Freke, the seat of Sir John Freke, bart. The whole tract fell into English hands in 1642.

Read the passage

anciently it belonged to the O'Cowigs, who have been quite extinguished by the conquerors ; yet there are some remains of them in a promontory called Dun O'Cowig, which was fortified with a small old castle. They were originally descended from the O'Driscolls before mentioned. There was also a sept of the O'Donovans in those parts, named O'Hea, whose residence was at a castle called Ahimilly ; and they had a territory called Pubble 0*Hea in this tract The residence of the Barrys, in this barony, was named Rathbarry, which was a stately castle in its time ; it is now called Castle- Freke, and is the seat of Sir John Freke, bart. All this tract fell into English hands, anno 1642, being taken by Colonel Myn.
Another Irish sept, west of Carbery, are the O'Sullivans, who were distinguished into the names of O'SuUivan Bear, and O'Sullivan Ban try ^'^>. Bear, probably, retains its name from the Iberi, before mentioned. Bantry (in ancient times named Bentraighe) was reckoned a part of Carbery, and is said to have its name from Beant Mac Farriola, a person descended from the O'Donovans and Mahonys. A son of his, called Bair Briver, possessed that small rugged tract, called by the name of Minterbairr, being now the parish of Killegrohan. I find, in latter times, the O'Dalys had this territory, who were successively bards or poets to the O'Mahon and the Carew family. O'Glavin, who was also their termon or steward, possessed a part of it By these names, Daly and Glavin, I design the family, and not any particular branch of it In Bantry bay there is still a place called Ardragoal, probably named from a clan of the Gauls or Celtiberi, who landed here. Ardgoal or Ardgyle, in Scotland, is the same name. A colony of the clan of Gaul, or Celtiberi, sailed over from Ireland to the Western Isles, and gave the country of Argyle, in Scotland, their name. They called that country Gael Albenich, from Old Albania, and those of Ireland, Gael Erinich, both nations, to this day, retaining the same language, manners, and customs.

Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 18

As the companion tells it

Near here, somewhere about Castlefreke, this land anciently belonged to the O'Cowigs. They were descended from the O'Driscolls, but the conquerors quite extinguished them. There are still some remains of them on a promontory called Dun O'Cowig, which was fortified with a small old castle. There was also a sept of the O'Donovans in these parts, named O'Hea. Their residence was at a castle called Ahimilly, and they had a territory called Pubble O'Hea in this tract. The residence of the Barrys in this barony was named Rathbarry. It was a stately castle in its time. It is now called Castle-Freke, and is the seat of Sir John Freke, bart. All this tract fell into English hands in 1642, being taken by Colonel Myn.

Religious houses and leper houses of Cork named in medieval will

Cork · city · Cork

A curious will document enumerates the religious edifices of Cork, including churches of St. Fynbar, Holy Trinity, St. Peter's, St. John, St. Catherine of Shandon, St. Mary Magdalene of Shandon, and several leper houses at Shandon, Glenamor, Dilby, and the Bridge opposite the Friars Preachers.

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•'St. Fynbar, Holy Trinity, St. Peter's, St. John, St. Catherine of Shandon, St. " Mary Magdalene of Shandon, St. Bridget, St. Stephen, the Augustine Friars, Friars "Preachers, Friars Minors, Canons of St. Anthony; and the Lepers of St. Mary " Magdalene of Shandon, Lepers of the Bridge, opposite the Friars Preachers, Lepers " of Glenamor, Lepers of Dilby."
Ware mentions that Gregory, who succeeded in the See of Cork in 1 172, and died in 1186 —

Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 229

Spike Island at the harbour's mouth

Spike Island · townland · Cork

Spike Island lies opposite to the entrance of Cork harbour, so that from Cove the harbour's mouth appears closed by it. The island creates a naturally secure port, compared by the author to Virgil's description of a beautiful harbour in the first Aeneid.

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miles long and two broad. The chief place in it is Cove, °^^" a village seven miles from Cork, built under a high steep hill, the shore on all this side of the island being bold, and the water of great depth. Opposite to this village'his Majesty's ships of war ride, and the largest vessels trading to Cork generally anchor at this place, upwards of 200 sail having been moored here often during the laie war, with sufficient room for twice as many in the bay. From Cove, the harbour's mouth seems closed by the island called Spike, lying opposite to the entrance ; so that this harbour is not unlike the fine description given by Virgil in his first ^Eneid, of a beautiful port :
** Est in secessu Iqngo locus ; insula portum EfBcit, objectu laterum, quibus omnis ab alto Frangitur, inque sinus scindit sese unda reductos : Hinc atque hinc vastae rupes, geminique minantur In coelum scopuli : quorum sub vertice lat^ iEquora tuta silent, turn silvis scena coruscis, Desuper, horrentique atrum nemus imminet umbra."

Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 92

Standing stones near Newbridge commemorating Brien Boruma's battle

Droichead Nua (Newbridge) · town · Kildare

Three large stones set on end in a meadow near the river bank N.W. of Newbridge are said to commemorate a celebrated battle fought by Brien Boruma, king of Munster, against the O'Mahonys of Carbery. A fourth, smaller stone stands about sixty yards S.E. from the group.

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whence, running in a S.E. course, they enter the Lee. About 300 yards N.W. of Newbridge, in a meadow near the bank of the river, are three large stones set on at end, edgewise to each other, the middle one being five feet broad, seven in height, and two thick, but the others much smaller ; about sixty yards S.E. from the former is another stone set up, less than the middle one before-mentioned, but larger than the side ones. These stones<*<=>> are said to be erected in memory of a celebrated battle fought here by Brien Boruma, king of Munster, and the O'Mahonys of Carbery. Macroomp ^^^ town of Macroomp (or, as it is pronounced, Macroom) is situated among hills in a dry gravelly redstone soil.^"'> The adjacent country is well improved with lime, brought six miles, from the S. side of the river Lee. This place is said to take its name from an old crooked oak (so called in Irish) which formerly grew here, under the boughs of which travellers used to pass. The castle of Macroomp is very ancient, being first built in King John's time, soon after the English conquest (according to Sir Richard Cox) by the Carews, but others attribute it to the Daltons. It was repaired and beautified by Teige Mac Carty, who died in it, anno 1565, and was father to the celebrated Sir Cormac Mac Teige, Lord Muskery, mentioned by Cambden and other writers as an active person in Queen Elizabeth's time. The late Earls of Clancarty altered this castle into a more modern structure, it being burned down in the wars of i64iS^^ It now consists of two square towers, about 60 feet high, with

Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 97

As the companion tells it

As the road brings you through Newbridge, there are standing stones in a meadow near the river bank, about 300 yards north-west of the town. Three large stones stand on end, edgewise to each other. The middle one is five feet broad, seven feet high, and two feet thick. The other two are much smaller. About sixty yards south-east from this group stands a fourth stone, less than the middle one but larger than the two side stones. These stones are said to have been erected in memory of a celebrated battle fought here by Brien Boruma, king of Munster, against the O'Mahonys of Carbery. That is the story told of them. The record gives the sizes and the arrangement but nothing more of the battle itself, who won or what year it was.

St Lachteen's Brazen Hand Relic at Donaghmore

Donaghmore · townland · Cork

The parish of Donaghmore was historically associated with St. Lachteen, its patron saint. The parish priest kept a brazen hand as a holy relic, which locals used to swear upon on solemn occasions, until it was removed by a titular bishop of Cloyne.

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belongs to the see of Cloyne, together with a vast tract of the Boggra, which, by degrees, might be reclaimed. The patron saint was named St Lachteen, and some years ago the parish priest kept here a brazen hand as a holy relic, by which the people swore upon all solemn occasions, but this hand was removed by one of the titular bishops of Cloyne. There are, of late, some very good improvements in this parish, as at Donaghmore (the Rev. Horace Townshend*s), Derry (Mr. Daniel Gibs's). The recorder of Cork, Joseph Bennett, esq., has also a pretty lodge here.
The next parish to the west is Aghabolloge. Near the

Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 96

Memorial inscriptions in Youghal chapel

Youghal · town · Cork · 1624–1736

A chapel in Youghal contains memorial inscriptions to Sir Edward Villers, Lord President of Munster (d. 1626), and to John Fitz-Gerald of the Decies and his wife Katherine, daughter of Lord John Power of Curraghmore, whose remains were removed to the chancel vault by the Earl of Grandison in 1736.

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On a stone in the same chapel, part of the inscription being covered by a wall, are these lines : —
(15) — Lord President of Munster, an. dom. 16 — . Munster may curse the time that Villers came, To make us worse, by leaving such a name : Of noble parts, as none can imitate, But those whose hearts are married to the state. But, if they press to imitate his fame, Munster may bless the time that Villers came.

Internet Archive ancientandprese00caulgoog, Chapter 55

The ancient and present state of the county and city of Cork. : Containing a natural, civil, ecclesiastical, historical, and topographical description thereof.

The stories, best first

Iniskeen village named after Kean Mac Moile More

John Bailey of Castlemore drains Kilcrea bog

Kilbrittain Castle, principal seat of MacCarthys Reagh

Kinsale Naval Dockyard

Letters-patent confirm Youghal College to Earl of Cork

Mallow bridge over the Blackwater

Mitchelstown Castle built on White Knights' castle site

Mocollop Castle built by Gerald Fitz-Gerald

O'Crowleys of Kilshallow: woody territory and 1600 skirmish

Old church foundation at Douglas burying-ground (1700)

Passage as unloading port for Cork, 1762

Rebels routed at Ballygullen, Wicklow

Redmond Roche of Cahirduggan expelled from Parliament for rebellion

Richard Boyle created Baron Boyle of Youghal

Richard Caulfield buried at Douglas cemetery

Round tower at Mitchelstown church

Sir David de Barry founds Buttevant Abbey

Spike Island as an 18th-century smuggling hub

St. Catherine's Church site near Northgate, Cork

St. Fin Barre's school and monastic ruins at Gougane Barra

Theatres and coffee houses of Cork city

The True Blues independent company in Cork

Christchurch Bandon built 1625 on Danish entrenchment

Abbeymahon monastic ruins on Courtmacsherry Bay

Baltimore burgesses offer to build forts after raid

Beef and butter exports from Cork, 1743-1745

Benedictine priory of St. John, cell to Bath Abbey

Bishop Downes commissions cathedral furnishings at Cork

Brodrick settlement at Midleton after 1641 troubles

Cage for boys and pillory erected in Youghal

Carrickafouky castle and Druid altar

Carrignamuck castle granted to Kallaghan Mac Teig by Donal M'Cormocke Carty

Castlehaven besieges Youghal, 1645

Castlehaven harbour and grampus capture

Castlesaffron castle built by Coppingers

Christ Church leaning tower and siege damage

Cork militia strength and equipment in 1746

Dangerous steeple at Cork parish church

Defeat of rebels encamped in the Bog of Timahoe

Doneraile Rangers to march to review at Ballincollig

Douglas woollen mills replace sail-cloth industry

Earl of Cork purchases Chantry of Blessed Saviour in Youghal

Earl of Cork's burial vault in Youghal Church

Earl of Cork's endowed schools and almshouses

Earl of Cork's strategic purchases at Carrigtohill

Fountainstown: Hodder seat preserving Tracton Abbey corbel

Hodder Monument inscription in Christ Church vaults

Kilmacow ironworks of the Earl of Cork

Latin verses sung in honour of St. Finbarry on 25 September

Legendary landing at Bantry Bay (Inber Sceine)

Manor of Castlemore assigned to Thomas Fitz-Gerald

Monument to Dame Catherine Perceval in Kinsale

Old Fort block-house opposite Charles Fort

Plantation of English families in Macroom under Lord Muskery

Rathbarry castle, later Castle Freke

Religious houses and leper houses of Cork named in medieval will

Spike Island at the harbour's mouth

Standing stones near Newbridge commemorating Brien Boruma's battle

St Lachteen's Brazen Hand Relic at Donaghmore

Memorial inscriptions in Youghal chapel