The Blackwater in Munster;

Each story keeps the passage it was read from. Open one to read the passage as the book has it, and, where the companion has written its own telling, that too.

1. Richard Martin's urn monument in rocky glen, 1790

   Clifford · townland · Cork · 1790

   In a retired rocky glen near Clifford stands a handsome pedestal bearing a large urn, shaded by trees, erected by Richard Martin, Esq. in 1790 with a Latin inscription invoking the gods and cursing anyone who removes it.

   Read the passage

   In a retired rocky glen is a handsome pedestal, bearing an urn of considerable size, completely shaded by trees. It was erected by the late owner of this beautiful spot, Richard Martin, Esq., and bears this inscription : —

   " Monumentum hocce Diis manibus R. M. posuit. a.d. 1790.

   Internet Archive blackwaterinmuns00ofla, Chapter 83

2. Strancally Castle: Desmond fortress

   Strancally · townland · Waterford

   Strancally Castle, one of the fortresses of the Desmonds, stands in ruins near the Blackwater. A passage was hewn through the rock from the castle to the river, and from the ruined towers an extensive view of the surrounding country reveals many strongholds of the princely Desmond family.

   Read the passage

   From the Castle to the river a passage was hewn through the rock of considerable length and breadth, and pretty deep. From these ruined towers is procured an extensive view of the surrounding country, and many a stronghold of the princely Desmond, wherein the various members of that powerful race resided with their martial retainers.

   Ye Geraldines, ye Geraldines, how royally ye reign'd O'er Desmond wide, and rich Kildare, and foreign arts disdain'd ; Your sword made knights, your banner waved, free was your bugle call ; By Glyn's green slopes and Dingle's side, by Decies and Youghal,

   Internet Archive blackwaterinmuns00ofla, Chapter 29

3. Waterpark mansion ruins of Chief Justice Pyne

   Waterpark · townland · Cork

   In a wooded tract of country called Waterpark in the county of Waterford, the remains of a stately mansion formerly belonging to Chief Justice Pyne are still visible. The south-bank estate overlooks the Blackwater opposite Kilmurry.

   Read the passage

   To the south is a wooded tract of country lying in the county of Waterford, called Waterpark, where are still to be seen the remains of a stately mansion, formerly belonging to Chief Justice Pyne. There is a district on the north bank, called Inchinlema, in which was anciently a castle of Grauna ni Churimuth, but of which I could find no trace save vague tradition. A well, by the road-side, is called Tubber Grauna, and Garrison Well. A military barrack was here formerly, and a tan-yard : they too have gone, and left no sign ; but there are good farmhouses belonging to Michael Quirk, and two brothers named Flynn. Kilmurry is a fine old mansion, commandingly placed, on the side of a well-wooded hill on the north bank ; and its proprietor, Mr. Grant, promises fair to sustain the highly esteemed character of his honourable house. Opposite is Kilbarry, the splendidly situate and hospitable mansion of Henry Wigmore, Esq. Higher up than Kilmurry we meet a small island in the river. The north bank here falls precipitously into the stream, a dense mass of rock : tall firs nod from the summit. Opposite,

   * Smith's Cork, vol. i.

   Internet Archive blackwaterinmuns00ofla

4. Youghal old church stripped of collegiate character

   Youghal · town · Cork

   Youghal's venerable old church is described as the most palpable monument of Puritan rigidity. When last repaired, its interior was stripped of its collegiate character and made to resemble the severe plainness of a conventicle.

   Read the passage

   When the first Earl of Cork purchased from Sir Walter Raleigh the grants he had obtained of the monastic and other lands forfeited in Elizabeth's reign, he adopted the policy of colonising the towns in the vicinity of the Blackwater with settlers from England, chiefly from Gloucestershire, Somersetshire, and Devonshire. Of these settlers, the greater part had adopted Puritan principles, which exposed them to ecclesiastical penalties at home ; they were in the great civil war the most decided enemies of the Stuarts, and it was the timely adhesion of Youghal to the parliamentary cause which relieved Cromwell from the difficulties in which he was placed by the obstinate defence of Clonmel. Like most of the Puritans, those who settled in Youghal were firm believers in witchcraft, and tradition preserves the memory of several unhappy persons burned at the stake during the presence of this delusion. Glanvil's curious collection contains the trial of one of the Youghal witches, Florence Newton ; and it is one of the most singular exhibitions of credulity and barbarity recorded in the melancholy annals of the witch-mania. Some of the peculiarities of puritanism are still to be found in the families descended from the original Puritans ; but the most palpable monument of such rigidity is the venerable old church, the interior of which when last repaired was stripped of its collegiate character, and assimilated as much as possible to the severe plainness of the conventicle. Many of the followers of Cromwell and of William III., attracted by similarity of sentiment, in the families of the previous colonists, settled in or near Youghal, which with Bandon was long regarded as the great stronghold of what was called the Protestant interest in the south of Ireland. Several of the early settlers had been companions of Raleigh in his expeditions against the Spaniards, and there are some faint traces of their having kept up their old connection with the buccaneers. During several generations the spirit of naval adventure was rife in their families, and during the wars in the first half of the last century several privateers were fitted out and manned from Youghal, the crews of which were celebrated for their desperate bravery, which set all odds at defiance. Even so late as the last French war, Youghal sailors were distinguished in the navy by their readiness to defy the perils of storm and battle.

   Internet Archive blackwaterinmuns00ofla, Chapter 10

5. Dromagh Collieries and Coal Mining

   Dromagh · townland · Cork

   Dromagh, the estate of Nicholas Philpot Leader, features extensive collieries worked for over a century, with additional collieries at Clonbanin, Dominagh, and Colclough in full work. The coal resembles Kilkenny coal—sulphureous and bituminous but more lasting.

   Read the passage

   Close to Bantyre Cross the river is met by Ballymaquirk Bridge, near which is Nashville, the seat of William Leader, Esq. There are very good mills at Nashville, on the north bank, which, for a considerable distance, is enriched by the extensive plantations on Mr. Leader's estate. The land along the river is not very productive ; but the tenants seem contented, and speak highly of the Leader family, who are the principal proprietors in this district. Other seats near are Minehill, J. Wallis, Esq., and the Glebe, the Rev. Mr. Bevan. The water is of moderate depth for a considerable distance. On the north bank is Dromagh, the estate of Nicholas Philpot Leader, Esq. There are extensive collieries here, which afford employment to a great number. Dromagh colliery has been worked more than a century, and the father of the present owner expended a large sum in improving the works connected with the colliery, to render the mine available : they are now meeting a very extensive demand. There are other collieries here, at Clonbanin, Dominagh, and Colclough, in full work ; and if the projected navigation from

   Internet Archive blackwaterinmuns00ofla, Chapter 105

6. Epitaph of Sir Richard Villers in Youghal

   Youghal · town · Cork · 1626

   An epitaph in Youghal choir commemorates Sir Richard Villers, Lord President of Munster, who died in 1626. The inscription is a quaint and terse verse lamenting his death and praising his noble qualities.

   Read the passage

   No date — no trace — by which his lineage might be guessed, or his deeds recalled. Another, with some characters which I could not decipher, bears a Runic inscription ; the date is tolerably clear, 1517 ; the remainder much defaced. It is supposed to be the tomb of a mayor of Youghal. The one surmounted by a head over the cross, is called Ronayne's tomb. He was also a mayor in Queen Elizabeth's reign. There is a large tomb to the Boyle family, dated 1619. This is in a chapel much exposed to the weather. An epitaph to Sir Richard Villers, Lord President of Munster, who died in 1626, is quaint and terse : —

   Munster may curse the time that Villers came, To make us worse by leaving such a name, Of noble parts, as none can imitate But those whose hearts are married to the State ; But if they press to rival him in fame, Munster may bless the time that Villers came.

   Internet Archive blackwaterinmuns00ofla, Chapter 15

7. Lismore castle, cathedral and bridge panorama

   Lismore · town · Waterford

   The view above Lismore Castle features the ducal castle with its graceful bridge and the spire of the venerable cathedral, recalling the ancient glories of Lismore. Nearby seats include Ballyinn and Tourtain, belonging to the Foley family.

   Read the passage

   The view here is very fine. To the left facing the south is the ducal castle, with the graceful bridge ; while the shapely spire of the venerable cathedral reminds the tourist that he beholds a holy edifice, and he remembers the ancient glories of Lismore. Other seats in the neighbourhood are Ballyinn, P. Foley, Esq., and Tourtain, T. Foley, Esq. About a mile west, on the north bank, is a splendid domain, Ballysaggartmore, the residence of Arthur Usher, Esq.

   The avenue opens by a noble entrance, of which the accompanying sketch is a faithful representation ; the gate is the work of a native mechanic, and cost 150/., and the masonry is constructed of mountain granite, which is well suited to the Gothic architecture. The avenue leads through a dense wood, and winds along a steep hill, a perfectly level drive, though the mountain rises to a great height, and the descent on the other side is very great. A mountain torrent brawls along the bottom, and after a fretful course falls into the Blackwater. This is crossed by a castellated bridge, of which we subjoin an engraving. Nothing can be more romantic than this castle in the woods. On every side are trees and hills, with the river in the distance ; and the dash and flow of the torrent falls pleasingly amid the solitude. When the bend of the road shows the cluster of towers, and arched

   Internet Archive blackwaterinmuns00ofla, Chapter 43

8. Mr. Anderson's development of Fermoy town

   Fermoy · townland · Cork

   Mr. Anderson established Fermoy as a great depot for troops, which led him to widen the bridge and build the town. The town consists of a spacious square facing the bridge, broad streets running parallel to the river, and intersecting streets.

   Read the passage

   Mr. Anderson having made this the great depot for troops, caused the bridge already mentioned to be widened, and had the town built. It consists of a spacious

   square facing the bridge, with broad streets running parallel to the river, connected by shorter ones intersecting them at right angles. Some good houses, chiefly occupied by professional gentlemen, are at the north side of the bridge, in a handsome row called St. James's Place. Two tasteful mansions in the Elizabethan style have lately been added by Mr. Hendley, and are ready for tenants. Near this is the church, erected at a cost of 7000/. It is not remarkable for any architectural beauty, and has lost much of its attractive appearance by the taking down of a light and taper spire, which formerly surmounted the square tower, now looking bare and unfinished. It is very neat inside, and has a well-toned organ.

   Internet Archive blackwaterinmuns00ofla, Chapter 57

9. Muckridge House on the Blackwater

   Muckridge · townland · Cork

   Muckridge House is situated on the left bank of the Blackwater, ensconced among luxuriant trees, as one ascends the river past the wooden bridge near Youghal.

   Read the passage

   This bridge passed, we leave Muckridge House to the left, ensconced among the luxuriant trees ; and now every bend in the course presents a succession of charming scenes, perpetually presenting new beauties as they are disclosed by the shifting our position with respect to them. The river is here fished by means of small boats, somewhat resembling canoes, and not unfrequently a rosy-cheeked peasant girl is the sole mariner, crossing from one side to the other. A high rocky hill breasts the water ; crumbling ruins crown the summit. These are all that remain of Rhincrew Abbey, reputed to have been a preceptory of the Knights Templars, which, on the suppression of that order in tins country, formed part of the grant made in 1586 to Sir Walter Raleigh, and subsequently sold by him to the Earl of Cork. The ruins are very extensive, consisting of a variety of apart-

   Internet Archive blackwaterinmuns00ofla, Chapter 25

10. Jephson's model farm near Mallow

    Mallow · town · Cork

    Mr. Jephson's estate near Mallow is described as a model of high cultivation, with neatly divided fields, double quick hedges, gravel walks between them, and light gates giving the whole the appearance of a ferme ornee. Rev. Horatio Townsend's survey of Cork corroborates this tribute to the arrangements of the late Mr. Jephson.

    Read the passage

    and many farms let to middle men, who occupy no part of the land themselves, but re-let it. Above one third of the country is waste land. Mr. Jephson cultivates his land very highly : by means of regular attention, united with the goodness of the soil, he has brought it into the present state of perfection. The whole is divided into fields of a moderate size, with double quick hedges, well planted with trees, and kept in the most perfect degree of neatness ; between the hedges are gravel walks, so that there is a planted communication about all the fields ; the gates are neat and light, and every attention preserved to give the whole the appearance of a ferme ornee. This tribute to the arrangements of the late Mr. Jephson has been adopted by the Rev. Horatio Townsend, in his survey of Cork, and was so fully corroborated by the judicious mode of culture I witnessed, as to justify my using it with reference to the present baronet.

    Internet Archive blackwaterinmuns00ofla, Chapter 91

11. Ballyhooly Castle rising over the Blackwater

    Ballyhooly · town · Cork

    The tall castle of Ballyhooly is described as rising from a rock over the River Blackwater. The narrator's servant mistakes his route and finds himself confronting the castle at nightfall.

    Read the passage

    " ' Just what I said myself to Botheen, after leaving Fermoy ; I did not take above half an hour from the time I got the commands to enter the town, and that was the curious town. All our sogers — red coats here, and blue coats there — bristling with bayonets, guns, and swords — bands rattling, and bugles playing — Captain O'Flanagan, wid Ginerals an' Corporals all round, waiting his orders — 'twould delight your sowl to be listening to the music. — 'Tis a pity myself arn't a soger. I lost no time, you may be sure, in going to the grocer's, and packing my bottles with plenty of hay, as your honer tould me, and left the place. Go on, Botheen, said I, shaking the switch ; and we got on famously, till we reached Glenabo. As we got on the hill, which is skirted by the woods on both sides of the road, the place looked very lonesome. I stopped for an instant, as the moon was rising, and beheld Castle Hyde forenent me at the other side of the river, looking very grand, with the tall black woods behind it, and far away the blue mountains of the Gualty's, over all, crowning the sight. Behind me was Cairn Thierna, rising like a great giant in the sky, and I saw the heaps of stones on the top, looking like human craturs. I thought of the quare story they tell about the place ; how the lord's son was to be drownded, and how the father was building the castle for him atop of the hill, and how he tuk him to see it one day, and the poor gossoon * went to look into the big tub, where they wet the lime for mortar, and saw, as he thought, another little boy in the tub, and climbed in to play with him, and got drownded ; and how the stones quarried for the castle remain on the top of the hill to this day. These thoughts gave me the lowness, so I stopt for a minute at Paddy Foley's shibeen house, to take a darby, and met Mick Hegarty, my first cousin's nephew — a good boy. 'Twas getting darkish as I rode along, and I must have missed the boughereen\ somehoAv, for I beheld the tall castle of Ballyhooly rising from the rock over the Blackwater, and was just turning back, when the most extraordinary thing happened that ever was. I often heard tell of

    Internet Archive blackwaterinmuns00ofla, Chapter 53

12. Banteer Bridge, chapel and schools of Clonmeen

    Banteer · town · Cork

    At Banteer Bridge the river Banteer flows from Mount Hilary into the Blackwater. The Roman Catholic chapel of Clonmeen stands at the cross of Banteer, near the priest's dwelling, and a good school has been built with another under construction under Rev. Edmund Murphy's supervision.

    Read the passage

    Close to Bantyre Bridge the river Bantyre runs from Mount Hilary, and falls into the Blackwater. Opposite is a small house belonging to Mr. Leader. At the cross of Bantyre is the Roman Catholic chapel of Clonmeen, and near it a commodious dwelling of the priest, the Rev. Edmund Murphy. A good school has been built, and another is in progress of erection, under the superintendence of this excellent clergyman, who, acting on a principle similar to his respected brother, the parish priest of Fermoy, incessantly labours for the spread of information, and the advancement of religion and virtue throughout their respective localities. This neighbourhood was the scene of a conflict in 1652. In the month of July of that year, a body of the parliamentary troops, led by Lord Broghill, having in the

    Internet Archive blackwaterinmuns00ofla, Chapter 99

13. Castle Hyde woods and Gothic-window gap

    Castlehyde · townland · Cork

    The dark rich woods of Castle Hyde, on the Blackwater near Fermoy, appear as a continuation of the Grange Farm demesne. A natural gap in the Castle Hyde trees, seen from the lower walk in summer, presents a perfect resemblance to an ivy-clad Gothic window, suggesting concealed time-honoured walls.

    Read the passage

    Opposite Duntahun, on the north bank, is a thickly wooded place, of winch the author is distrustful to speak. It is, perhaps, impossible to divest himself entirely of predilections towards a spot in the possession of those who are nearest and dearest, and in the adornment of which, he may say, pars magna f ui. This is Grange Farm ; the property of J.F. O'Flanagan, Esq. Although the ornamental grounds are limited to about twenty acres between the road and river, the planting has been so contrived, and advantage was so taken of the natural resources of the localities, as to offer a wonderful variety of scenery. The garden, bounded by the fish-pond, is well laid out ; the slopes of the hill afford pasturage to those useful animals, that so agreeably enliven the landscapes of Wilson and Gainsborough, sheep. Continuing by the road, along the river, we enter thick woodlands. Trees nod over our heads, where, with much labour and expense, rocks have been cut away, and forced to yield a passage to the miniature forest glades now opening before us. The river flows noiselessly by our side, and the dark rich woods of Castle Hyde seem a continuation of the demesne we walk in. A natural gap in the Castle Hyde trees, seen from our lower walk in summer time, when the leaves are out presents a perfect resemblance to a fair proportioned Gothic window ivy clad, and it requires small stretch of the imagination to suppose the time-honoured walls, concealed by the neighbouring wood. As we advance, butting cliffs frown from a great height, sylvan amphitheatres, tall groves, bowers, and thickets of shrubs and

    Internet Archive blackwaterinmuns00ofla, Chapter 69

14. Circular Entrenchments near Ardmore

    Ardmore · town · Waterford

    Several circular intrenchments attributed to the Danes are found in the vicinity of Ardmore, with vague accounts of antiquities being dug up nearby. Traces of two ancient castles are also found, though their builders are unknown.

    Read the passage

    Several of those circular intrenchments attributed to the Danes are found in the vicinity of Ardmore, and we heard some vague accounts of antiquities having been dug up in their vicinity. There are also traces of two ancient castles, but neither history nor tradition throws any light on the persons by whom or the purposes for which they are erected. Were the neighbourhood of Ardmore systematically examined, and excavations made in promising places, there is every probability that relics of antiquity would be discovered which would throw considerable light on the condition of Ireland previous to the Anglo-Norman invasion. The vicinity of the raths or Danish forts particularly deserves investigation, and also the ruins of the more ancient church.

    Internet Archive blackwaterinmuns00ofla, Chapter 24

15. Dromana castle: chief seat of Fitzgeralds of Decies, burned

    Dromana · townland · Waterford

    Dromana was built on the foundation of an ancient castle that formerly served as the chief seat of the Fitzgeralds of Decies. The castle, with all its furniture, was burned by the Irish.

    Read the passage

    This wing was in good preservation. The precipitous declivities which swept down from the rocky foundation of the house to the river had been cut into terrace gardens, a fashion still observable at the seats of the ancient nobility of Munster." This is the reputed birthplace of the old Countess of Desmond, who, at the age of 140 years, crossed the Channel, and travelled to London, to demand and obtain from James I. the restoration of her jointure, of which the attainder of the Earl of Desmond deprived her. Her death is said to have been caused from falling off a cherry-tree, into which she had climbed to get at the fruit. In Seward's " Topographia Hibernica," Dublin, 1795, this is noticed as a seat of the Earl of Grandison, who had an estate of about 6000/. a year in this county, and stated to be built on the foundation of an ancient castle, formerly the chief seat of the Fitzgeralds of Decies. The castle, with all its furniture, was burned by the Irish. Near at hand, at Affane, a "bloody battle" was fought, on 1st February, 1564, between the Irish Guelphs and Ghibellines, the Earls of Ormond and Desmond, in which the latter had 300 men killed, and he himself, the chief Geraldine, taken prisoner by his ancient, implacable foeman, the Butler. When the victors were carrying the fierce chieftain in triumph on their shoulders from the field, the leader of the Ormond party rode up, and tauntingly inquired, " Where is now the great Earl of Desmond ? " Though faint, and a captive, the wounded chief indignantly replied, " Where but in his proper place ! still on the necks of the Butlers." On a reconciliation being effected between these great rivals, they shook hands : an aperture was cut in an oak door, through which they performed that greeting, each fearing to be poniarded by the other !

    Internet Archive blackwaterinmuns00ofla, Chapter 32

16. Prince William Henry visits Youghal aboard the Pegasus

    Youghal · town · Cork · 1789

    In 1789, the future King William IV, then Prince William Henry, visited Youghal while commanding the Pegasus. He dined with the corporation and was presented with the freedom of the borough.

    Read the passage

    Island. In 1711, the corporation of Youghal transmitted a loyal and affectionate address to Queen Anne. In 1789, his late Majesty William IV., then Prince William Henry, visited Youghal, as commander of the Pegasus ; and on the occasion of honouring the corporation with his presence at dinner, was presented with the freedom of the borough.

    Internet Archive blackwaterinmuns00ofla, Chapter 10

17. Rockview and Rev. James Mockler's antiquarian collection

    Rockview · street · Dublin

    Rockview on the north bank of the Blackwater is the residence of Rev. James Mockler, noted for his zeal in collecting Irish antiquities and his choice collection of Irish works. He assisted the author with materials for this work.

    Read the passage

    Next to Mount Rivers, on the north bank, is Rockview, the residence of the Rev. James Mockler ; a gentleman to whom antiquarians are much indebted for his zeal in collecting our national curiosities, and who has a choice collection of Irish works. I gladly take this opportunity of making my best acknowledgments for the readiness with which he rendered me all the assistance I sought while compiling this work. There is in his domain an interesting ruin, finely situated on a

    rock near the river. This is the castle of Lisclash, and was built by the Condons. Near it is a rath or fort, in Irish Lis* Here the victorious Irish encamped after the battle just mentioned ; and the following extract from the Earl of Castlehaven's Memoirs, with which the Rev. Mr. Mockler furnished me, shows it was again visited by troops two years later.

    Internet Archive blackwaterinmuns00ofla, Chapter 55

18. Tourin: castle of the Roches, forfeited in 1641 rebellion

    Tourin · townland · Waterford · 1641–1782

    Tourin, the seat of Sir Richard Musgrave, Bart., occupies the site of a castle that formerly belonged to the Roches, who forfeited their estates in the 1641 rebellion. Sir Richard Musgrave was created a baronet in 1782 and is credited with opening the navigation of the Blackwater.

    Read the passage

    Higher up is Tourin, the seat of Sir Richard Musgrave, Bart., to whose spirited and persevering exertions we are indebted for the opening the navigation of this beautiful river. The castle here belonged formerly to the Roches, who forfeited their estates in the rebellion, 1641 ; and has the advantage of a splendid view along the river and scenery of Dromana. The present is the third baronet. The first Sir Richard Musgrave was created a baronet of Ireland, according to " Burke's

    42 HISTORICAL AND PICTURESQUE GUIDE

    Internet Archive blackwaterinmuns00ofla, Chapter 33

19. Tower near Cork road said to be a former lighthouse

    Youghal · town · Cork

    Before entering Youghal by the Cork road, the remains of a strong building over the sea can be seen, with a tower in good preservation. It is said to have been a lighthouse, suited by its lofty position.

    Read the passage

    Before entering the town by the Cork 'road, are seen the remains of a strong building, over the sea. A tower is in good preservation. It is said to have been a light-house, which its lofty position seems well adapted for. There are several relics of ancient devotion ; one of the finest ruins is that of the Collegiate Church, represented in Mr. Creswick's view. The College of Youghal was founded in 1464, by Thomas Earl of Desmond ; this church was repaired, at a later period, by the Earl of Cork. The foundation charter, and several endowments presented to it, were confirmed by Popes Julius, Paul, and others. It was suffered to enjoy its revenues for some time after the Eeformation. Nath. Baxter Warden, about 1595, finding its tenure precarious, and resolved to anticipate the Government, caused the college revenues to be disposed of, and demised them and the house to Sir Thomas Norris, then Lord President of Minister. They were afterwards Walter Raleigh.

    The ancient church of Youghal was the finest specimen of the pointed English or Norman style of architecture in Ireland. It consisted of a nave, transept, and choir, with a square belfry or tower on the north side, about fifty feet high, which is still in good repair. The choir is now roofless and deserted ; its magnificent eastern window, glorious even in decay, fills the mind with melancholy when seen as the stranger enters the churchyard ; and this impression is not removed by the condition of that part of the ancient building still preserved in repair for divine service, namely, the nave and a portion of the ancient aisles. In the middle of the last century, when the old roof was repaired, the person employed as architect was so utterly incompetent that he quite destroyed the original design ; at the same time the painted ceiling of the interior was removed, and a uniform coat of white-wash substituted in its place. Pews and galleries were built according to the taste, or rather the caprice, of the several parishioners, and though several

    Internet Archive blackwaterinmuns00ofla, Chapter 13

20. Youghal Churchyard and its Lost Inscriptions

    Youghal · town · Cork

    The churchyard of Youghal occupies a picturesque hillside rising to the old town-wall. During the construction of walks, old tomb slabs were repurposed as steps, irrecoverably destroying curious inscriptions.

    Read the passage

    The churchyard of Youghal is one of the most picturesque burying grounds in the three kingdoms. It occupies the slope of a hill, rising gradually from the

    16

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21. Dr. Dartnell's Astronomical Tower in Youghal

    Youghal · town · Cork

    Near the Fever Hospital built on the Town-wall in Youghal is a tower erected for astronomical observations by the late Dr. Dartnell. From the churchyard terrace, there is an extensive view of the river and Waterford coast.

    Read the passage

    church to the old town-wall, which is here in tolerable repair, and is judiciously planted with trees and shrubs. Some years ago walks were cut through the ground, and nights of steps erected to facilitate some steep ascents. Unfortunately, some fine old monuments were displaced during this operation, and the slabs of the tombs were used as flags to construct the steps. Some curious inscriptions, which we vaguely remember, have been thus irrecoverably lost, and among others one beginning, " Here lie the bodis of my 2 grandmothers, maiden names, Fox and Chubb." The author of the inscription gave no clue to his own name, and no date. The Infirmary and Fever Hospital, built on a part of the Town-wall, look into the churchyard, which they sadly deform, and near them is a tower erected for the purpose of astronomical observations, by the late Dr. Dartnell, who was ardently attached to the cultivation of physical science. The view of the river, and the opposite coast of the county of Waterford, from the terrace laid out at the upper side of the churchyard, is very extensive ; the broad of the river has all the appearance of a lake enclosed by hills, and suggests strongly the idea of a time when it found its way to the sea by a course different from the harbour of Youghal.

    Adjoining the churchyard, and only separated by a fence and trees, is a truly interesting mansion of the genuine Elizabethan building, which once sheltered the

    Internet Archive blackwaterinmuns00ofla, Chapter 16

22. Fermoy Catholic Chapel construction and remodelling

    Fermoy · townland · Cork

    The cruciform Roman Catholic chapel in Fermoy was erected by subscription, with a site and £500 provided by the late Mr. Anderson. Rev. T. Murphy later remodelled the chapel into a Gothic style with new transepts, galleries, and decorative stucco work.

    Read the passage

    A street^ down the side of the hill on which the barracks are built, called Barrack Hill, is the limit of the town on the north. The southern hill affords sites to the Roman Catholic chapel, a spacious structure of cruciform shape. This was erected by subscription, the late Mr. Anderson giving a site rent free and 500/. Its

    Internet Archive blackwaterinmuns00ofla, Chapter 57

23. Fion Macoul's wife and the city of Cork

    Cork · city · Cork

    In the legend of Fion Macoul, his wife deceives the Scottish giant Diarmid Machane by claiming her husband has gone to relocate the city of Cork.

    Read the passage

    " ' My husband went over the hills this morning,' said she, ' to change the sitiashin of the city of Cork.'

    " ' Indeed ! ' exclaimed the joint in astonishment, ' and when do you expect him home ? '

    Internet Archive blackwaterinmuns00ofla, Chapter 64

24. Kilworth town and notable persons

    Kilworth · townland · Cork

    Kilworth was a considerable town, a post town with a good hotel, two miles north of Fermoy. It gave the Viscount title to the eldest son of the Earl of Mountcashel, the proprietor. The eminent barrister D. R. Pigot, MP for Clonmel, and the poet B. Simmons of Blackwood's Magazine were both born there.

    Read the passage

    originating the remark, " All on one side, like Fermoy." Its houses consisted of a carriers' inn and a few cabins, but some good country seats were in the neighbourhood. Mount Glissan, residence of my grandfather, William Glissan, Esq., now called Bellevue ; Straw Hall, seat of Joseph Curry, Esq. ; Bettyville, Richard Nason, Esq., and many others. Then Kilworth was a considerable town. It lies two miles north of Fermoy, and its neighbouring mountains were the haunt of the celebrated Brennan and his gang of robbers. Brennan was an outlaw of the Rob Roy school, and most popular ; he robbed the rich and gave to the poor. His depredations had always something of a chivalrous cast, and no blood sullied his exploits. Once he was near being captured by two officers, who sallied forth in quest of him. They came up to him on the mountain, and knew him by the description they received ; he in vain tried to persuade them " That a poor labouring boy like him could not be the*bould Brennan," but they insisted on his accompanying him. Passing a shebeen house they halted for rest and refreshment ; the captive begged to have the indulgence of his pipe, which was granted ; he reached the dhudeen to the bare-legged girl who attended as barmaid, and nodding significantly bade her " Put fire in that." She understood the hint, and presently returned with his blunderbuss concealed beneath her apron, which she managed to hand him under the table. " Now, gentlemen," shouted the freebooter, covering his captors with the formidable weapon as he rose, " I am the bould Brennan." The tables were completely turned ; the captors became captives, yielded their money and arms, and were suffered to return to their quarters quite crest-fallen. Brennan was hanged at Clonmell and the gang broken up. This town is still very extensive ; a post town, and has a good hotel. It gives the title of Viscount to the eldest son of the Earl of Mountcashel, the proprietor. The eminent barrister, Right Hon. D. R. Pigot, M. P. for Clonmell, was born in this town, also Mr. B. Simmons, a distinguished poetic writer in Blackwood's Magazine.

    Internet Archive blackwaterinmuns00ofla, Chapter 56

25. Lismore Castle passes to the Devonshire family

    Lismore · town · Waterford · 1748

    Lismore Castle descended from the Earls of Cork and Burlington through the 1748 marriage of Lady Charlotte Boyle to William Cavendish, fourth Duke of Devonshire.

    Read the passage

    5000 Irish, under Sir Richard Beling, but was bravely defended by the Earl's son, Lord Broghill, and the assailants compelled to retire. In 1643, a party of insurgents, in retaliation for the destruction of Clogheen by the garrison of Lismore, burned a number of thatched houses, killed sixty of the inhabitants, and made several prisoners. And, in the same year, General Purcell united his forces with those of Lord Muskerry, and laid siege to the castle. After a week, a cessation of arms was agreed to, and the besiegers withdrew. The castle suffered much in this war, and was subsequently burned by Lord Castlehaven, in 1645. It was somewhat repaired soon after, for we find, in 1686, the Earl of Clarendon, in his tour through Munster, slept within the walls ; and again, in 1689, it was visited by James II. In 1785, the Duke of Rutland, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, held a council here, and issued several proclamations. The castle, with its appurtenances, descended from the Earls of Cork and Burlington, by marriage, in 1748, of Lady Charlotte Boyle with William Cavendish, fourth Duke of Devonshire, the ancestor of his Grace the Duke of Devonshire.

    Internet Archive blackwaterinmuns00ofla, Chapter 38

26. Temple-Michael tower on the Blackwater

    Templemichael · townland · Waterford

    The square-embattled tower of Temple-Michael stands beside a broad, placid lake on the Blackwater, contrasting with a graceful church nearby. It was probably erected by the Knights Templars to guard the channel, as the river formerly encompassed an island called Dar Inis, or Molana.

    Read the passage

    Leaving Rhincrew, we steer into a broad and placid lake, to which the artist has done much justice; and here the first object which attracts notice is the squareembattled tower of Temple-Michael, contrasting well with the graceful church

    TO THE RIVER BLACKWATER.

    Internet Archive blackwaterinmuns00ofla

27. The College House of Youghal and the Earl of Desmond

    Youghal · town · Cork · 1464–1662

    The dwelling known as Myrtle Grove was originally called the College House of Youghal and was founded in 1464 by Thomas Earl of Desmond. Samuel Hayman purchased the dwelling from the second Earl of Cork in 1662.

    Read the passage

    In 1662, Samuel Hayman, of the old Somersetshire family of that name, came over to frelancl. He purchased this dwelling from the second Earl of Cork : it was then called the College House of Youghal. It was founded originally, in 1464, by Thomas Earl of Desmond, and consisted, as we have seen, of a number of singing-men ; in 1586, it became the property of Sir Walter Raleigh, and was his re-

    26 HISTORICAL AND PICTURESQUE GUIDE

    Internet Archive blackwaterinmuns00ofla, Chapter 22

28. Youghal town expansion and ancient walls removed

    Youghal · town · Cork · 1794–1844

    Youghal has extended beyond its former limits in the last half century, with the ancient walls removed and few traces remaining. The Mall house and adjacent streets were built upon a slob reclaimed by the corporation.

    Read the passage

    The town, within the last half century, has extended on all sides beyond the former limits : the ancient walls are removed, and few traces remain to show where they once stood. A slob having been reclaimed by the corporation, the Mall house and adjacent streets are built upon it. The principal street is about a mile in length, divided by the Clock Gate into north and south main streets. Many of the old houses have been modernised— some yet show their antiquity by their gable ends facing the street, and pointed stone doorways. There are two good hotels, Merry's and Campbell's, both comfortable, and charges moderate. This coast abounds with fish; herrings, whiting, hake, cod, and shoals of sprats. It affords considerable amusement to the visitor to ramble by the rockbound beach in the morning, and see the fishermen hauling in their laden nets. The town is much frequented in summer as a bathing-place, having the advantage of a fine smooth level strand,

    reaching nearly three miles along the western shore. There is a fine promenade along the Cork road. There are not very extensive accommodations for families, otherwise more would resort thither ; and it is hoped some enterprising persons may build lodges, which undoubtedly would well remunerate the outlay, and not only cause an influx of visitors, but induce many to become resident, and enjoy the beautiful scenery of the Blackwater, now thrown within their reach. In addition to cheap and abundant markets, the visitors have the advantage of fine air, and an agreeable neighbourhood.

    Internet Archive blackwaterinmuns00ofla, Chapter 12

29. Cappoquin House, seat of the Keane family

    Cappoquin · town · Waterford

    Cappoquin House is a handsome mansion of hewn stone built in a well-wooded demesne, commanding a view of the river course and the wooded hills of Dromana. It is the seat of Sir Richard Keane, Baronet, whose father was created a baronet in 1801.

    Read the passage

    We have reached Cappoquin, pleasantly situated in an angle on the north bank. This place is of much antiquity, and tradition relates of a castle built here by the Fitzgerald family. In the war of 1641, it was garrisoned by the Earl of Cork ; and the following year Lord Broghill, on his return from the relief of Knockmourne, with about 60 horse and 140 foot, defeated a strong party of the insurgents. In July, 1643, General Purcell, having assembled his army at this place to besiege Lismore, ravaged the surrounding country. In 1645 the castle was taken by Lord Castlehaven. The Earl of Cork built a bridge here, and an act passed 16 & 17 Car. 2. for building a new bridge. The country about this town is highly improved. Close by is Cappoquin House, the seat of Sir Richard Keane, Bt. of Belmont, Lieutenant Colonel of the Waterford Militia. His father was created a baronet in 1801, and dying in 1829, the title devolved on the present baronet. His brother John so distinguished himself in the army, that he was created Baron Keane in 1839. The house is a handsome mansion of hewn stone, built in a wellwooded demesne. The view commands the course of the river for a considerable distance, and is closed by the wooded hills of Dromana. There is a neat church, and commodious Roman Catholic chapel here, an excellent national school, and another school, under the care of the Cork Society. The principal street contains some good houses and shops. Close to the town is Tivoli, the well-situated villa of Henry Dennehy, Esq.

    Internet Archive blackwaterinmuns00ofla, Chapter 34

30. Cloghleagh Castle above the Funcheon

    Cloghleagh · townland · Clare

    The tall keep of Cloghleagh Castle stands on a thickly wooded hill above the river Funcheon, with tasteful walks offering vistas through the trees. At night the castle's shadow falls across the meadows of the Inch and the long level plain where the Funcheon flows among groups of noble trees.

    Read the passage

    dark old wood ; and, leading our weary hunters down the steep defile to the widespread meadows of the Inch, the moon, scattering patches of silver around, presented a scene strikingly beautiful. Over our heads towered the tall keep of the stately castle of Cloghleagh, flinging its shadow on many a fair rood of ground. No emblem of battle streamed in the night wind, but

    " For banner waved some rude wall flower."

    Internet Archive blackwaterinmuns00ofla, Chapter 49

31. Dromana: seat of Lord Stuart de Decies

    Dromana · townland · Waterford

    Dromana, the seat of Lord Stuart de Decies, is one of the most splendid edifices on the river, built on rocks rising almost perpendicularly from the right bank near Cappoquin. The demesne extends along the water-side, diversified by lawn and woodland. An original square ivy-clad tower called Desmond's Castle remains on the grounds.

    Read the passage

    Dromana, the seat of Lord Stuart de Decies, is one of the most splendid edifices on the river. The house is built on rocks, that rise almost perpendicularly from

    the right bank as we approach Cappoquin ; and the demesne extends a considerable distance by the water-side, stretching away far into the inland, and diversified by lawn and woodland. The mansion has latterly undergone much repair ; but the description given by Lady Morgan in a work * written when on a visit in this vicinity, during the summer of 1817, is still tolerably correct.

    Internet Archive blackwaterinmuns00ofla, Chapter 31

32. Fermoy Church and its lost spire

    Fermoy · townland · Cork

    A church near St. James's Place in Fermoy was erected at a cost of £7,000. Its attractive appearance suffered when a light and taper spire was taken down, leaving the square tower looking bare and unfinished.

    Read the passage

    square facing the bridge, with broad streets running parallel to the river, connected by shorter ones intersecting them at right angles. Some good houses, chiefly occupied by professional gentlemen, are at the north side of the bridge, in a handsome row called St. James's Place. Two tasteful mansions in the Elizabethan style have lately been added by Mr. Hendley, and are ready for tenants. Near this is the church, erected at a cost of 7000/. It is not remarkable for any architectural beauty, and has lost much of its attractive appearance by the taking down of a light and taper spire, which formerly surmounted the square tower, now looking bare and unfinished. It is very neat inside, and has a well-toned organ.

    82 HISTORICAL AND PICTURESQUE GUIDE

    Internet Archive blackwaterinmuns00ofla, Chapter 57

33. Fermoy House on the Blackwater

    Fermoy · townland · Cork

    Fermoy House stands on the north bank of the Blackwater near Fermoy, a handsome structure with a centre, wings, and a portico approached by stone steps. At the time of writing it was occupied by the Rev. Maurice Atkin Collis, with extensive gardens, a grapery, and a verdant lawn girt by trees, presenting a charming picture when viewed from the river.

    Read the passage

    Proceeding up the river from Fermoy, on the north bank, close to the stream, stands Fermoy House, already noticed, with its verdant lawn, girt by a belt of trees forming a leafy canopy to a tasteful walk. The house is a handsome structure, consisting of a centre with wings, and has a neat portico approached by stone steps. It is at present occupied by the Rev. Maurice Atkin Collis. The gardens are very extensive, and well stocked ; the grapery stored with choice vines ; and the tout ensemble, seen from the river or the opposite bank, with the wooded hill to the rear, crowned by the noble range of .barracks, presents a charming picture. Near is the house of Mr. Baylor, and a little to the north is Grange Hill, the commodious and finely situated mansion of William Forward Austen, Esq., J. P., who has a considerable landed property adjoining. The greatest portion being kept in tillage, affords him the opportunity of employing several hands in agricultural labour, who, with good reason, speak of him as an upright and excellent master.

    South of the river is Mountford Lodge, the residence of Captain Peter Collis, and Riverview, occupied by Captain Croker. Higher on the hill is Duntahun, the house of Thomas Green, Esq.

    Internet Archive blackwaterinmuns00ofla, Chapter 69

34. Glenabo hill and its lonesome wooded road

    Glenabo · valley · Cork

    Glenabo is described as a hill skirted by woods on both sides of the road, creating a lonesome atmosphere at moonrise. The narrator's servant pauses here, struck by the solitude and the surrounding landscape.

    Read the passage

    " ' Just what I said myself to Botheen, after leaving Fermoy ; I did not take above half an hour from the time I got the commands to enter the town, and that was the curious town. All our sogers — red coats here, and blue coats there — bristling with bayonets, guns, and swords — bands rattling, and bugles playing — Captain O'Flanagan, wid Ginerals an' Corporals all round, waiting his orders — 'twould delight your sowl to be listening to the music. — 'Tis a pity myself arn't a soger. I lost no time, you may be sure, in going to the grocer's, and packing my bottles with plenty of hay, as your honer tould me, and left the place. Go on, Botheen, said I, shaking the switch ; and we got on famously, till we reached Glenabo. As we got on the hill, which is skirted by the woods on both sides of the road, the place looked very lonesome. I stopped for an instant, as the moon was rising, and beheld Castle Hyde forenent me at the other side of the river, looking very grand, with the tall black woods behind it, and far away the blue mountains of the Gualty's, over all, crowning the sight. Behind me was Cairn Thierna, rising like a great giant in the sky, and I saw the heaps of stones on the top, looking like human craturs. I thought of the quare story they tell about the place ; how the lord's son was to be drownded, and how the father was building the castle for him atop of the hill, and how he tuk him to see it one day, and the poor gossoon * went to look into the big tub, where they wet the lime for mortar, and saw, as he thought, another little boy in the tub, and climbed in to play with him, and got drownded ; and how the stones quarried for the castle remain on the top of the hill to this day. These thoughts gave me the lowness, so I stopt for a minute at Paddy Foley's shibeen house, to take a darby, and met Mick Hegarty, my first cousin's nephew — a good boy. 'Twas getting darkish as I rode along, and I must have missed the boughereen\ somehoAv, for I beheld the tall castle of Ballyhooly rising from the rock over the Blackwater, and was just turning back, when the most extraordinary thing happened that ever was. I often heard tell of

    Internet Archive blackwaterinmuns00ofla, Chapter 53

35. Legends of Cloghleagh Castle

    Cloghleagh · townland · Clare

    Two legends are associated with the locality of Cloghleagh Castle: 'The Enchanted Horse of Cloghleagh Castle' and 'The Haunted Huntsman, a Tale of the Blackwater side,' the latter containing reminiscences of a deceased local figure.

    Read the passage

    Among a collection of legends narrated of this locality are the following, which, I hope, may serve to amuse the reader. One is entitled, " The Enchanted Horse of Cloghleagh Castle ; " the other, which contains reminiscences of a gay spirit now gathered to his fathers, relates divers moving accidents, under the title of " The Haunted Huntsman, a Tale of the Blackwater side."

    Internet Archive blackwaterinmuns00ofla, Chapter 46

36. Lismore town, castle, and cathedral from the river

    Lismore and Mocollop · parish · Cork

    Lismore is described appearing above the trees on the south side of the Blackwater, with its castle on a rocky prominence and the cathedral spire rising above. The town has a commodious hotel and trade is conducted with Youghal via a canal built at the expense of the late Duke of Devonshire.

    Read the passage

    Lismore now appears above the trees on the south side of the river — the majestic castle, seated proudly on its throne of rocks, and the slender spire of the cathedral shooting into the liquid sky. The town is of good size, and possesses a commodious hotel. The river affords great facility for commerce with Youghal. By means of the canal cut at the expense of the late Duke of Devonshire, corn and flour are exported, and timber, iron, coal, and miscellaneous articles are imported.

    By charter of James L, a. d. 1613, granted to Sir Richard Boyle, afterwards Earl of Cork, the town, with adjoining lands, within a mile and a half round the parish church, was made a free borough. It returned two members to Parliament, until disfranchised by the Union. The soil round the town abounds in minerals : in 1836 a lead-mine was discovered, but is not yet worked.

    Internet Archive blackwaterinmuns00ofla, Chapter 37

37. Newberry Church and the old road

    Newberry · townland · Cork

    A modern church with an ancient steeple stands at Newberry on the high road. A turn from the church leads down an old, grass-grown by-way towards a ruined castle.

    Read the passage

    erected by one of the last earls of the house of Desmond. A turn from the high road, as we pass the modern church of Newberry with its ancient steeple, leads over a by-way of a truly " auld- world" character, with the remains of a once laboured pavement, now thickly grass-grown, and furrowed, and broken. This road may be properly said to terminate " nowhere or thereabouts ;" it evanishes unconsciously, ere we reach a broad green avenue shaded with antique oaks and elms. This seems of an interminable length, and as lone and buried in solitude as though it led to some haunted castle, long buried under the drowsy spell of the sorcerer. It is a dream-inspiring scene, conjuring up visions of the long departed; of mailed chiefs and fair ladies, dimly seen in twilight glades ; or of armed hosts, moving in silent procession over swards long abandoned to neglect and desolation. In our progress we did not meet a living being for half a mile of pavement and avenue, and it was only by a dogged perseverance that at length we found buried, amid surrounding foliage, the lonely walls of the structure we were in search of. Architecturally speaking, the building stands a specimen of the last phase of castellation, in the descent from the lofty moated keep to the simple manor-house. It presents an irregular shell, with high gables, massive chimneys, and one or two machicolated projecting parapets, peeping out above the ivy which thickly clothes the building, and resting on rounded corbels. The interior is an utter ruin ; all vestige of floors and stairs entirely gone. The execution of the carved doorways, mullions, dripstones, and elaborate mantelpieces is excellent. A taste for that illegitimate Italian style, which began to pervade at the beginning of the seventeenth century, seems prevalent in the forms of the doorways and fireplaces of this structure, and would refer us for the date of the building at once to the close of the reign of Elizabeth.

    Internet Archive blackwaterinmuns00ofla, Chapter 96

38. New Strancally Castle: seat of John Keily

    Strancally · townland · Waterford

    A new Strancally Castle, recently erected in the Gothic style and surrounded by an extensive demesne, serves as the seat of John Keily, Esq. It stands about five miles from Tallow, with embattled towers rising over the flood, contrasting strikingly with the shattered walls of the old castle nearby.

    Read the passage

    The river is very deep at this place. The right bank is barren and destitute of timber, while the left is magnificently wooded, especially round a strikingly picturesque and beautiful castle lately erected, and called after its old neighbour, Strancally Castle, seat of John Keily, Esq. The contrast between the embattled

    towers, rising majestically over the flood, with the shattered walls and crumbling battlements of the old castle, is very striking. The view from the demesne is very fine. The junction of the Bride and Blackwater takes place in a valley opposite ; and the several streams afford distinct vistas of forest, and water bearing boats and vessels, some of considerable burden, to and from Youghal to Tallow,

    Internet Archive blackwaterinmuns00ofla, Chapter 30

39. Rathcormac and Lord Riversdale's Lisnegar mansion

    Rathcormack · town · Cork

    About three miles south on the Cork road is the town of Rathcormac. The handsome Elizabethan mansion of Lord Riversdale and the exquisitely laid out grounds of his demesne Lisnegar are described as worthy of a visit.

    Read the passage

    About three miles south, on the Cork road, is the town of Rathcormac. The handsome Elizabethan mansion of Lord Riversdale, and the exquisitely laid out ground of his demesne Lisnegar, are worthy a visit. On the south bank of the river Bride, crossed by a fine bridge, is Kilshanick, one of the princely seats of Edmund Roche, Esq., father of Edmund Burke Roche, Esq., M.P. for the county of Cork : it is a spacious mansion of noble proportions, said to have been built upon a plan of Inigo Jones : it formerly belonged to A. Devonsher, Esq. Near Watergrasshill, celebrated from the writings of the Rev. Francis Mahony, entitled the Prout Papers (Rev. Mr. Prout had been parish priest of Watergrasshill), is a good house and lawn, Mitchellsfort, seat of Brazier Mitchell, Esq. To the east of Rathcormac is Castle Lyons, a small town ; near this are extensive walls of Lord Barrymore's house, which was destroyed by an accidental fire : built in the Elizabethan style, they are mighty even in ruins. Kilcor, the elevated castle of Cornelius O'Brien, Esq., is seated on a hill south of the town ; and at some distance is Ballyvolane, the residence of Jasper Pyne, Esq. Close to the banks of the Bride, spanned by a high narrow bridge, is Conna, with its strong tower, a castle of the Desmonds ; and near Knockmourne is Moidghialladh, where is pointed out the " Church of the Vow," whence Moygeely is derived. The ruins here are very extensive. This was the chief seat of Fitzgerald, Earl of Desmond, "whose vast estates," Dr. Curry remarks, " was a strong inducement to the chief governor of Ireland to make or proclaim him a rebel, their prey being insured to them in either case by his forfeiture." The occasion of building the church is as follows : — Thomas, the great Earl of Desmond, had a favourite steward, who often took great liberties with his lord, and by his permission tyrannised over his tenants equally with himself. This steward, unknown to the Earl, invited, in his name, a large party of the chiefs of Munster with their retainers to spend a month in the castle. They

    :

    Internet Archive blackwaterinmuns00ofla, Chapter 58

40. St. Declan's Bed and Miraculous Clay

    Ardmore · town · Waterford

    St. Declan's bed is a small stone hut at Ardmore containing a tomb and a rude stone cross. The local people excavate the clay from the tomb in large numbers because of the many virtues attributed to it.

    Read the passage

    Near at hand is St. Declan's bed, a small stone hut with one window, per-

    TO THE RIVER BLACKWATER.

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41. View from Glenabo over the Blackwater and Castle Hyde

    Glenabo · valley · Cork

    From an upper room at Glenabo, a winter landscape is visible, including the woods of Glenabo and the deer-park of Castle Hyde. The River Blackwater rolls between them, appearing like a broad mirror.

    Read the passage

    " ' God preserve you and yours from harm, Aniin,' said he, as pressing my hand again to his thin lips, a tear trickled from his aged eyelids. I hastily left the room to hide my own emotion, and gave the requisite orders to have him conveyed overhead in the morning. I went up myself, and true enough the view commanded a splendid prospect. The line of wood circling Glenabo, and skirting the deer-park of Castle Hyde, was distinctly visible on the opposite side of the river. Between rolled the Blackwater, glancing like a broad mirror. All looked cold and desolate in the hue of winter, and the chill air of the apartment made me repent having acceded to the old invalid's request. It would break his heart, however, to countermand it, so desiring he should be kept warm, and not exposed to cold, I returned to my house.

    110 BI8TOBXCAL AMj PICTUKESQUE GUIDE

    Internet Archive blackwaterinmuns00ofla, Chapter 73

42. View of Youghal from Muckridge House

    Muckridge · townland · Cork

    The view of Youghal from Muckridge House, the mansion of Richard Albert Fitzgerald, is picturesque. A modern castle stands in front, and the Blackwater pours its waters into the bay beside the town.

    Read the passage

    The view of the town from Muckridge House is picturesque. In front is a Castle of modern erection ; but when associated with the recollections of the bloody wars fought in every direction, partakes of that indefinable feeling of reverence with which we regard the remnants of other times. Close beside is the bay, into which the Blackwater pours its waters. " A favourable circumstance to its navigation," observes the Rev. Horatio Townsend, in his Survey of the County Cork, " as the discharge of so great a body of water must necessarily exert sufficient force to preserve the mouth from any overwhelming excess of sandy accumulation." Now I should be inclined to regard this as, in no small degree, the cause of the bar of Youghal, which presents an obstruction to the entrance of the harbour — the rush of the river on the one side, and flow of the tide, collecting a mass of sand and mud which crosses the bay. There have been some experiments made by Mr. Francis Jennings, a distinguished scientific gentleman, a native of Cork, the result of which leads to the possibility of removing a considerable portion of the bar ; and this once effected, Youghal would speedily rival Cork or Waterford as a seaport. The facility of entering the harbour would be greater than at either of those cities : there is not, as at Cork, the river to ascend, and descend when sailing out. There is no delay incurred by waiting for the tide. The passage across to Bristol could be made in some hours less time than at present from Cork ; and should, as is likely, a steamer find sufficient encouragement to take this station when the traffic following the opening of the Blackwater navigation arises, all the articles of groceries, and other imports, will come direct here, instead of being procured from merchants in the neighbouring ports. The preference of Cork, as a port, leaves Youghal chiefly a trade in coal, and export of grain and butter. It carries on a considerable trade in manufacturing brick, the earth here being peculiarly adapted to that article, with which it supplies Cork to a great extent ; also earthenware of a coarse description.

    Internet Archive blackwaterinmuns00ofla, Chapter 12

43. Blackwater River angling from Lismore to Mallow

    Lismore · town · Waterford

    The Blackwater abounds with salmon, trout, perch, and pike, with the principal angling stretch running from Lismore to Mallow. The tributaries Funcheon and Bride are noted as excellent trout streams.

    Read the passage

    The Blackwater abounds with salmon, trout, perch, and pike. The principal portion of the river adapted to the sport of the angler is from Lismore to Mallow. There is excellent fly-fishing in the vicinity of Fermoy ; and two of the tributaries to the Blackwater, the Funcheon and Bride, are excellent trout streams. There are fishing-tackle warehouses in Fermoy for the sale of flies, &c. suited to the respective rivers ; and the sportsman need not be under any anxiety about a guide to the haunts of the finny tribe, as sufficient disciples of Izaak Walton abound ready to accompany the stranger for a small consideration. My poetic companion of yore, the " poor but contented Pat Sheehan," as he generally subscribed his effusions, has a growing progeny to supply his place.

    I should have expected the obliging servant who accompanied me over the castle to have been acquainted with some of the particulars which give interest to a visit of this kind ; but though she heard of the great Lord Boyle, it was all I could learn from her. The letter written during the siege in 1641, when Lord Broghill held the castle against the Irish is very spirited, and concludes thus : —

    Internet Archive blackwaterinmuns00ofla, Chapter 40

44. Glenbeg seat and natural cavern discovery

    Glenbeg · townland · Cork

    Glenbeg, the seat of George Bennet Jackson, Esq., sits opposite Flower Hill on the Blackwater with a riverside walk of noble beech trees. A curious natural cavern was discovered some time prior in the demesne.

    Read the passage

    Curryglass House, seat of the late William Gumbleton, Esq. ; Castle View, seat of Richard Gumbleton, Esq., married to a Miss Fowke of Gloucestershire ; Marston, seat of R. Gumbleton, Esq., mentioned infra, sufficiently attest their respectability along the banks of the Blackwater. We glide by some pretty landscapes. The river here enables the rowers to pull, and the landscape on every side is worthy the noble river. Opposite Flower Hill is Glenbeg, the seat of George Bennet Jackson, Esq. It is charmingly situated, and there is a walk along the margin of the river planted with great taste ; its shady vista being composed of noble beech trees of great size and beauty. A curious natural cavern was discovered some time since in the demesne.

    Glencairn Abbey, the seat of the Bushe family, but at present occupied by the Right Hon. Dr. Keating, Judge of the Prerogative Court, as his summer residence,

    Internet Archive blackwaterinmuns00ofla, Chapter 44

45. Capel Island once joined to Knockadoon by stepping-stones

    near Knockadoon Head and Capel Island · street · Cork

    A local tradition holds that Capel Island, now about a mile from the headland of Knockadoon, was once so close that it could be reached by stepping-stones. The author considers this tradition too vague to found any argument upon.

    Read the passage

    find that in 1 649 several parliamentary frigates entered the harbour, and were moored opposite the town. It would be dangerous for vessels of such size and burthen to attempt a passage at present. To the eye of the geologist the harbour presents evidences of having undergone still greater changes, and the traditions of the people and the Irish names of several localities singularly confirm the conclusions to which the deductions of science point. The long strand to the south of the town is a submarine forest, and peat-bog, worn by the sea, at some distant but not very remote age, speaking geologically, and the silent encroachments of ocean still continue ; so that if some barrier, similar to the dykes of Holland, be not constructed, there can be little doubt but that at some future time the sea will win the flat bog by which it is at present skirted, and the waves roll to the very foot of the range of hills beyond. We have seen vast quantities of peat, or, as it is called in Ireland, turf, raised for fuel on this strand, between high-water and low-water mark. Trees of immense size have been also dug up, and on some of these, nuts have been found in such a state of preservation, that on opening them the kernel was distinctly perceptible. A very perfect nut-tree was recently dug up, close to the low- water mark, and on it not merely the fruit but the leaves were perfect in every thing but colour. The horns of the Irish elk, and the bones of other animals, have been dug up amid the trees on this part of the strand, thus affording indisputable evidence of the encroachments of the ocean. Old people state, that within their recollection, the remains of some buildings might be seen under the water when the tide was very low. Finally, there is a tradition that Capel Island, which is now about a mile distant from the head-land of Knockadoon, was once so close to it that it could be reached by stepping-stones ; but this is a tradition too vague to warrant founding any argument on it.

    Internet Archive blackwaterinmuns00ofla, Chapter 11

46. Duke of Rutland holds council at Lismore Castle

    Lismore · town · Waterford · 1785

    In 1785, the Duke of Rutland, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, held a council at Lismore Castle and issued several proclamations.

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    5000 Irish, under Sir Richard Beling, but was bravely defended by the Earl's son, Lord Broghill, and the assailants compelled to retire. In 1643, a party of insurgents, in retaliation for the destruction of Clogheen by the garrison of Lismore, burned a number of thatched houses, killed sixty of the inhabitants, and made several prisoners. And, in the same year, General Purcell united his forces with those of Lord Muskerry, and laid siege to the castle. After a week, a cessation of arms was agreed to, and the besiegers withdrew. The castle suffered much in this war, and was subsequently burned by Lord Castlehaven, in 1645. It was somewhat repaired soon after, for we find, in 1686, the Earl of Clarendon, in his tour through Munster, slept within the walls ; and again, in 1689, it was visited by James II. In 1785, the Duke of Rutland, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, held a council here, and issued several proclamations. The castle, with its appurtenances, descended from the Earls of Cork and Burlington, by marriage, in 1748, of Lady Charlotte Boyle with William Cavendish, fourth Duke of Devonshire, the ancestor of his Grace the Duke of Devonshire.

    Internet Archive blackwaterinmuns00ofla, Chapter 38

47. Grange Farm demesne near Fermoy

    near Grange · townland · Cork

    Grange Farm, the property of J.F. O'Flanagan, Esq., lies on the north bank of the Blackwater opposite Duntahun. Its ornamental grounds cover about twenty acres between road and river, with contrived planting offering varied scenery, a garden bounded by a fish-pond, woodland glades cut through rock, and sylvan amphitheatres amid butting cliffs.

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    Opposite Duntahun, on the north bank, is a thickly wooded place, of winch the author is distrustful to speak. It is, perhaps, impossible to divest himself entirely of predilections towards a spot in the possession of those who are nearest and dearest, and in the adornment of which, he may say, pars magna f ui. This is Grange Farm ; the property of J.F. O'Flanagan, Esq. Although the ornamental grounds are limited to about twenty acres between the road and river, the planting has been so contrived, and advantage was so taken of the natural resources of the localities, as to offer a wonderful variety of scenery. The garden, bounded by the fish-pond, is well laid out ; the slopes of the hill afford pasturage to those useful animals, that so agreeably enliven the landscapes of Wilson and Gainsborough, sheep. Continuing by the road, along the river, we enter thick woodlands. Trees nod over our heads, where, with much labour and expense, rocks have been cut away, and forced to yield a passage to the miniature forest glades now opening before us. The river flows noiselessly by our side, and the dark rich woods of Castle Hyde seem a continuation of the demesne we walk in. A natural gap in the Castle Hyde trees, seen from our lower walk in summer time, when the leaves are out presents a perfect resemblance to a fair proportioned Gothic window ivy clad, and it requires small stretch of the imagination to suppose the time-honoured walls, concealed by the neighbouring wood. As we advance, butting cliffs frown from a great height, sylvan amphitheatres, tall groves, bowers, and thickets of shrubs and

    Internet Archive blackwaterinmuns00ofla, Chapter 69

48. Newmarket as birthplace of John Philpot Curran

    Newmarket · town · Cork

    Newmarket is celebrated as the birthplace of the Right Honourable John Philpot Curran, late Master of the Rolls in Ireland. The house where he was born is represented in an accompanying engraving.

    Read the passage

    This town is celebrated for having been the birthplace of the Right Hon . John Philpot Curran, late Master of the Rolls in Ireland : the house is represented in the accompanying engraving.

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    Internet Archive blackwaterinmuns00ofla, Chapter 103

49. Religious institutions at Fermoy

    Fermoy · townland · Cork

    Laurel Hill house in Fermoy was built by the parish priest and destined to become a convent for the Sisters of Mercy. Close by, a Presentation Order convent was established featuring school rooms for girls and was largely funded by a Miss Goold.

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    present Gothic mould, and the entire transept with new galleries, in fact entirely new modelling the chapel, is due to the respected parish priest, the Rev. T. Murphy, who has laboured to make this a perfect chef-d'oeuvre in this province. The ceiling is enriched with stuccoed centre pieces, and is richly groined with Gothic mouldings, terminating in the capitals oi' tall white pillars. Over the altar is a beautiful window, and the fretted work of the wall reflects credit on Mr. Church, by whom it was executed : opposite is the organ loft. There is a tasteful monument to the late venerable parish priest, Rev. Edward Barry. The handsome house built by the parish priest, called Laurel Hill, is destined by that reverend gentleman as the future convent for the Sisters of Mercy, and is to be occupied by the nuns of that benevolent order when Miss Dennehy fulfils her noviciate to act as foundress. Close by is the convent of nuns of the Presentation Order, established about live years : it is a spacious building, and consists of a centre house, connected by corridors with two uniform wings, one of which is the chapel of the convent ; the other contains two large school-rooms for girls, educated by the ladies of the Order. This building was erected at an expense of about 2500/., of which 1 5001. was presented by Miss Goold, a lady who devoted a large fortune to religious objects, the remainder subscribed by the inhabitants, several Protestants being among the contributors. Near this is Richmond Lodge, the tasteful residence of II. Smyth, Esq. ; also Fermoy School, commonly called the College, conducted by Mr. Brown, for the education of young gentlemen. This building occupies two sides of a square, contains an excellent school room, sitting room, dormitory, &c ; also a gymnasium and ball court, with eleven acres of playground. The fine play ground, good air, and, above all. excellent instruction, render this a desirable school for boarders. There is a most admirable day-school in the town, conducted by an eminent master, Mr. Kelly. Fermoy contains a good court-house, where the magistrates preside at petty sessions once a fortnight, and the excellent assistant-barrister for the east riding of the county of Cork, H. Baldwin, Esq., Q. C., sits here twice each year. There is a large National School here for 400 children. The other religious houses are, a meeting-house for Methodists and a Presbyterian church. Quite close to the bridge is Fermoy House, which was once occupied by Mr. Anderson : it is a handsome mansion, beautifully situated in a lawn sloping gently to the river, and is now the residence of the Rev. M. A. Collis.

    Internet Archive blackwaterinmuns00ofla, Chapter 57

50. Approaching Millstreet on the Finaw River

    Millstreet · town · Cork

    The country considerably improves approaching Millstreet, situated on the south bank of a small tributary called the Finaw, adjacent to where it joins the Blackwater. The Kilcormy mountains and those of Mushera are visible from this stretch of the river.

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    The country considerably improves as we approach Millstreet. On the south bank of a small tributary, the Finaw, and adjacent to the spot where it joins the

    164

    Internet Archive blackwaterinmuns00ofla, Chapter 106

51. Bogs beyond Watergrasshill

    Watergrasshill · town · Cork

    Captain Whackman recounted falling into the bogs beyond Watergrasshill while out hunting, which muddied his new coat. The anecdote was shared during a post-hunt gathering at Mount Rivers over whisky punch.

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    " With a heart and a half boys. Wait till I 'plenish the thimble : hand over the grocereis. Oh, that's the real perfume ! " and he sipped his glass with complacency. " You see, we were out hunting this way ; and sure enough, by the same token, I got a fall in the bogs beyant Wathergrasshill that mottled my new coat into

    Internet Archive blackwaterinmuns00ofla, Chapter 49

52. Castle M'Auliffe ruin near Kanturk

    Kanturk · town · Cork

    Close to Kanturk, the Oon Dalue (Double Rapid River) washes the base of a hill that still bears the mouldering ruin known as Castle M'Auliffe.

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    gress it has many tributaries. At Drishane it receives the Fin Aion, or White River ; and- Bacool, a rapid mountain flood, which runs down from the hills of Muskerry. The Bantyre, having its source in the Boggra hills, joins it west of Clonmeen. The Clydagh, which also rises in the Boggra, runs into the Blackwater, after forming the bounds on the east of the parish of Kilshanick. All these pour in their waters on the south side. On the north it receives the Oon Araglin, near the ruined church of Cullin, and close to Kanturk the Oon Dalue, or Double Rapid River; this washes thelbase of a hill yet bearing a mouldering ruin, called Castle M'Auliffe. At Bridgetown, a beautiful stream, the Awbeg, or Mulla of Spenser, joins. Nearly eight miles further, the Funcheon, a considerable river, falls into it underneath Mount Rivers ; and about half a mile further east, the Ariglen, at a place called Ballyderoon, having the same signification as Messopotamia, i. e. the town between two rivers. These are its tributaries in county Cork. In the adjoining county Waterford, it unites with the Bride, the Finesk (in Irish Fion uisge, or Fairwater), the Owbeg, the Corish, and River Licky.

    The entire line of country through which the Blackwater glides is remarkable for scenic beauty, and it may afford some interest to the antiquarian to learn that this was one of the fair vales of Ireland, coveted by the wife of Heber, which produced the war ending in the loss of her husband's life and kingdom.

    Internet Archive blackwaterinmuns00ofla, Chapter 6

53. Clifford house and Latin tablet of Bart Lloyd

    Clifford · townland · Cork

    Clifford is the seat of Bart Lloyd, Esq., a comfortable dwelling that looks well from the river. A tablet in the hall bears a Latin inscription invoking Flora and Pomona to adorn the home.

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    lawn — Clifford, seat of Bart Lloyd, Esq. The house looks remarkably well from the river, and is a comfortable dwelling. The following lines are inscribed on a tablet in the hall : —

    " Parva domus ! nemorosa quies,

    Internet Archive blackwaterinmuns00ofla, Chapter 83

54. Doneraile town and Lord Doneraile's demesne

    Doneraile · townland · Cork · 1839

    Doneraile, seven miles north-east of Mallow, contains a good wide street, several substantial houses, and Lord Doneraile's park and demesne through which the Awbeg river winds. The house stands on an elevation commanding a view of the river, and the leafy bowers suffered much in the great storm of January 6th, 1839.

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    The neighbourhood of Mallow contains some small towns worthy the visit of the tourist. Doneraile, seven miles north-east, contains a good wide street, several substantial houses, and many respectable inhabitants. There is a good house of entertainment — I believe it does not aspire to the title of hotel — in the street. The principal object of attraction is Lord Doneraile's park and demesne, which abounds in scenic beauty. Besides some artificial waters in the grounds, the Awbeg (already mentioned) winds through the park. The house stands on an elevation, commanding a view of the river, and the rising grounds beside it are dotted by noble trees. The leafy bowers of the demesne suffered much in the great storm of January 6th, 1839, which made regular lanes in many parts of the woods. The scenery is chiefly confined to the beauties of the grounds. A distant view of the Galtees increases the landscape beauty. Kilcolman, the abode of Edmund Spenser, is situated about three miles from Doneraile. Kilbrack, seat of the Stawel family, a fine demesne, is near tins. Creagh Castle, the seat of G. "W. B. Creagh, Esq., is in the immediate neighbourhood ; the entrance-gate is in the florid Gothic style.

    Buttevant is four miles from Doneraile. Its name long inspired terror, being the war-cry of the Barrys, a powerful Anglo-Norman family in Munster, — Boutezen-avant, " Push forward." It is used as the motto of the heraldic bearings of that family. The earls of Barrymore derived the title of viscount from Buttevant.

    Internet Archive blackwaterinmuns00ofla, Chapter 91

55. Dromana gardens and terrace over the Blackwater

    Dromana · townland · Waterford

    The gardens at Dromana are situated on a hillside overlooking the river, featuring a noble terrace with a prospect up to Cappoquin. A bastion at the foot of the gardens has vaults serving as a boat-house, and a handsome deer park with a costly entrance gate lies near Cappoquin.

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    In Smith's " History of the County of Waterford," p. 53., he mentions the improvements at Dromana. The gardens are situated on the side of a hill which hangs over the river, where is a noble terrace, affording a prospect up to Cappoquin. To the south the river is hemmed in with high hills, covered with wood : at the foot of the gardens is a neat bastion, the vaults under which serve as a boat-house. The adjacent deer park is a pleasant spot of ground, lying contiguous to the seat, and a handsome lodge erected for the keeper. Through this park is a noble avenue, and the entrance near Cappoquin is a costly fanciful structure : there is a wooden bridge over the Finnisk river. This river forms a navigable branch from the Blackwater ; and if the plan suggested by Mr. Walker, county surveyor of Waterford, be carried into effect, continuing the canal already made from Dungarvon to Knockmoan, a distance of four miles and a half, it would open the communication with the sea-port of Dungarvon.

    The title Lord Stuart de Decies, so worthily bestowed on the noble owner of Dromana, is a very ancient one. In " Ryland's History of Waterford " we find it stated the lords of Decies derived their descent from James, the seventh Earl of Desmond. In 1561, a descendant of this nobleman was created " Baron of Dromany

    Internet Archive blackwaterinmuns00ofla, Chapter 32

56. Fermoy town and its proprietor Sir Robert Abercromby

    Fermoy · townland · Cork

    Fermoy is described with its pretty seats, hotels, and reading-room. The proprietor is Sir Robert Abercromby, Bart., a Scottish native who takes warm interest in the prosperity of the town and welfare of his tenantry, with Matthias Hendley as his agent.

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    The proprietor of the town is Sir Robert Abercromby, Bart., who, though a resident in his native land, Scotland, has ever evinced a warm interest in the prosperity of this country, and is always ready to advance the welfare of his tenantry. He is fortunate in having as agent a gentleman of great respectability, who possesses considerable property in the town and neighbourhood, Matthias Hendley, of Mount Rivers, Esq., J. P.

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    Internet Archive blackwaterinmuns00ofla, Chapter 58

57. Glencairn Abbey seat of the Bushe family

    Glencairn · townland · Waterford

    Glencairn Abbey, about three miles from Lismore, is the seat of the Bushe family and the summer residence of Dr. Keating, Judge of the Prerogative Court. The Abbey-style house is surrounded by a finely planted demesne with a rustic summer-house over the river commanding enchanting prospects of Flower Hill.

    Read the passage

    forms no inconsiderable feature in the view before us. It is about three miles from Lismore, and surrounded by a finely-planted demesne. The architecture is quite in the Abbey style, and the interior boasts some good rooms ; the aspect agreeable, and the grounds command many charming prospects. From a rustic summer-house built over the river, the view of Flower Hill on the opposite bank is truly enchanting.

    Under Glencairn the water becomes shallow, and impeded by rapids. We have some very shallow water at Ballygally, the property of G. H. Jackson, Esq., and the sturdy boatmen find a difficulty in surmounting these ; but again, en route, we proceed to Ballyduff bridge, the property of Sir Richard Musgrave, Bart. This place must now possess interest for the advocates of the inland navigation of the

    Internet Archive blackwaterinmuns00ofla, Chapter 44

58. Grange Hill mansion near Fermoy

    Grange Hill · street · Dublin

    Grange Hill, situated a little north of Fermoy House, is the commodious and finely situated mansion of William Forward Austen, Esq., J.P., who holds considerable landed property adjoining. The land is mostly kept in tillage, employing several agricultural labourers who speak of him as an upright master.

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    Proceeding up the river from Fermoy, on the north bank, close to the stream, stands Fermoy House, already noticed, with its verdant lawn, girt by a belt of trees forming a leafy canopy to a tasteful walk. The house is a handsome structure, consisting of a centre with wings, and has a neat portico approached by stone steps. It is at present occupied by the Rev. Maurice Atkin Collis. The gardens are very extensive, and well stocked ; the grapery stored with choice vines ; and the tout ensemble, seen from the river or the opposite bank, with the wooded hill to the rear, crowned by the noble range of .barracks, presents a charming picture. Near is the house of Mr. Baylor, and a little to the north is Grange Hill, the commodious and finely situated mansion of William Forward Austen, Esq., J. P., who has a considerable landed property adjoining. The greatest portion being kept in tillage, affords him the opportunity of employing several hands in agricultural labour, who, with good reason, speak of him as an upright and excellent master.

    South of the river is Mountford Lodge, the residence of Captain Peter Collis, and Riverview, occupied by Captain Croker. Higher on the hill is Duntahun, the house of Thomas Green, Esq.

    Internet Archive blackwaterinmuns00ofla, Chapter 69

59. Lismore chartered as a free borough, 1613

    Lismore and Mocollop · parish · Cork · 1613

    By charter of James I in 1613, granted to Sir Richard Boyle (afterwards Earl of Cork), Lismore and adjoining lands within a mile and a half of the parish church were made a free borough returning two members to Parliament until disfranchised by the Union.

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    By charter of James L, a. d. 1613, granted to Sir Richard Boyle, afterwards Earl of Cork, the town, with adjoining lands, within a mile and a half round the parish church, was made a free borough. It returned two members to Parliament, until disfranchised by the Union. The soil round the town abounds in minerals : in 1836 a lead-mine was discovered, but is not yet worked.

    The beauty of Lismore has often been described. In a work published long since, the author says, " I know of no spot where the admirer of the picturesque will be more highly gratified than in this grand mixture of the sublimity of nature with the stupendous works of man." *

    Internet Archive blackwaterinmuns00ofla, Chapter 37

60. Youghal Bay between Knockadoon and Ardmore Head

    near Youghal Bay · bay · Cork

    The bay of Youghal, enclosed between Knockadoon and Ardmore Head, is described as a noble expanse of water but affords no protection to ships except the harbour of Youghal itself. The harbour is strongly barred, and the depth of water on the bar has decreased within recorded history.

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    The bay of Youghal, included between Knockadoon and Ardmore Head, is a noble expanse of water, but affords no protection to ships, except the harbour of Youghal. That harbour, as already mentioned, is strongly barred, and the depth of water on the bar has decreased within the period of ascertained history ; for we

    Internet Archive blackwaterinmuns00ofla, Chapter 10