Name: A history of the city and county of Cork
Author: Mary Francis Cusack (1829–1899)

Timoleague Abbey repaired by Catholics

Around 1604, the abbey of Timoleague was repaired by Roman Catholics as part of a broader effort to rebuild abbeys and monasteries and restore religious splendour.

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“ The Romanists began to rebuild several abbeys and monas¬ teries in this county, and in other parts of the kingdom ; Kilcrea and the abbey of Timoleague were repaired, £ intending,’ says Sullivan, £ to restore the splendour of religion.’ Sir Henry Beecher was about this time made lord president of Munster.
1605. ££ The city of Cork and its liberties were separated from the county of Cork, and made a distinct county. The same year the corporations of Bandon, Cloughnakilty, &c., began to settle their future form of government.

Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 278

As the companion tells it

You're coming through Timoleague in Cork. Around 1604 the abbey here was repaired by Roman Catholics, part of a broader effort to rebuild abbeys and monasteries across the county and beyond. Kilcrea was repaired at the same time. Sullivan says they were "intending to restore the splendour of religion." Sir Henry Beecher was made lord president of Munster about then as well.

Walter Raleigh sails from Cork harbour

Cork · city · Cork · 1617

On August 9th, 1617, Sir Walter Raleigh sailed from the harbour of Cork on his last, unfortunate expedition to the West Indies.

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1617. “ August 9th, Sir Walter Raleigh sailed from the harbour of Cork on his last unfortunate expedition to the West Indies.
1618. “ On the 7th of November Mr. William Gold, who was the foregoing year mayor of Cork, delivered up in open court, to his successor, four charters, viz., those of Edward IV., Henry VIII., Queen Elizabeth, and the charter of King James I., as also one quietus of the exchequer for the fee-farm rent of the city.

Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 279

As the companion tells it

Cork was the port Sir Walter Raleigh left from on the 9th of August, 1617. He sailed out of the harbour here on what would be his last expedition, bound for the West Indies. The source calls it unfortunate. He did not return from that voyage. The next year, in 1617's wake, Cork's outgoing mayor William Gold handed four city charters to his successor in open court, charters from Edward the Fourth, Henry the Eighth, Queen Elizabeth, and King James the First.

Warning sent from Castlemaine

Castlemaine · town · Kerry · 1580

A warning about the Spanish fleet was sent from Castlemaine, County Kerry, by Andrew Martin, the constable, to St. Leger. The Connors of Lixnaw also sent a report to the Recorder of Limerick.

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The little Spanish fleet was sighted before landing, and the Earl of Clancare, who was encamped at Killorglen, near Killarney, and who, no doubt, had a very vivid anticipation of the probable consequences to his “ sonne,” if he was even suspected of complicity by his silence, sent a despatch in all haste to Cork. Another warning was sent from (Castle Magne) Castlemaine, Co. Kerry, by Andrew Martin, the constable, to St. Leger, and the Connors of Lixnaw, also sent a report to the Recorder of Limerick.
There is no doubt that San Jose was a traitor of the deepest dye. On the arrival of the Spaniards, he selected the Fort del Ore as his headquarters, in opposition to the urgent entreaties of the Irish leaders, who knew the strength of the English fleet,

Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 217

As the companion tells it

The town of Castlemaine carries a fragment of 1580, when a little Spanish fleet was sighted before landing. The Earl of Clancare, encamped at Killorglen near Killarney, sent a despatch in all haste to Cork. Another warning went out from Castlemaine itself, carried by Andrew Martin, the constable, addressed to St. Leger. The Connors of Lixnaw sent their own report to the Recorder of Limerick. These were men trying to signal what was coming, each from his own position, each to his own contact. There is no doubt, the record says, that San Jose was a traitor of the deepest dye. When the Spaniards arrived, he chose the Fort del Ore as his headquarters, against the urgent entreaties of the Irish leaders, who knew the strength of the English fleet.

Abbey of St. Finbar at Gill Abbey, Cork

Cork · city · Cork

The Abbey of St. Finbar was situated in the suburb now called Gill Abbey, near the present Queen's College. The Lough still remains as evidence of the vast lake or morass cleared and cultivated by the monks.

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The Abbey of St. Finbar was situated in the suburb now called Gill Abbey, and strangely enough the present Queen’s College is near the old site. The little lake called the Lough still remains to give evidence of the vast lake or morass cleared and cultivated by the toiling, patient monks, through whom Cork became a centre of civilization to Southern Ireland, and even to distant lands.
Church of St. Multose, in Kinsale

Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 50

As the companion tells it

As you pass through Cork, the Abbey of St. Finbar once stood in the suburb now called Gill Abbey, near the present Queen's College. The Lough still remains, a little lake that gives evidence of the vast lake or morass the monks cleared and cultivated. Through their toiling patience, Cork became a centre of civilization to Southern Ireland and even to distant lands.

Sir Charles Vavasor arrives at Youghal

Youghal · town · Cork · 1642

Sir Charles Vavasor arrived in Youghal with a thousand men around the time of the failed attack on Bandon in July 1642. Youghal was one of the southern towns held by the rebel party.

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The Lord Justice had taken the rebel side also, and no quarter was the word, even before Cromwell came. The Irish attacked Bandon, under Mac Carthy Reagh, on the 1 8th July, 1642, and were repulsed with great slaughter, and the prisoners executed with the usual barbarity. About the same time Sir Charles Vavasor arrived in Youghal with a thousand men, and Cork was invaded by Lord Muskery. His camp was at Rochfordstown, but his troops were soon repulsed with great loss.
The Parliamentary army were in such need of money, that they seized ^4,000, which Sir Robert Tynte was prudently despatching to England. He was, however, well recompensed afterwards. Lord Cork complained, pathetically, that whereas his income once had been fifty pounds a day, he had not now fifty pence a week.

Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 291

As the companion tells it

Youghal was one of the southern towns held by the rebel party in 1642. About the same time the Irish attacked Bandon under Mac Carthy Reagh on the 18th of July and were repulsed with great slaughter, Sir Charles Vavasor arrived in the town with a thousand men. The prisoners from Bandon were executed with the usual barbarity. Cork was invaded by Lord Muskery, whose camp stood at Rochfordstown, but his troops were soon repulsed with great loss. The Parliamentary army were in such need of money that they seized 4,000 which Sir Robert Tynte was prudently dispatching to England. He was well recompensed afterwards. Lord Cork complained that whereas his income once had been fifty pounds a day, he had not now fifty pence a week.

Alternative murder sites at Kilflyn and Mushera

Kilflyn · parish · Kerry

Alternative sites for the murder of Mahoun are shown at Kilflyn and in the Mushera Mountains.

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Doubtful conversion of the Danes to Christianity— Sketch of the general state of Ireland at this period— Brian Boroimhe and his brother Mahoun ( Mathgamhain)— Brian will have nothing to do with the “ Grim Black Gentiles”— The Eoghanists ally themselves with the Danes— Quarrels between the Eoghanists and Datcassians — The result— The treacherous murder of Mahoun in the County Cork — Different accounts of this event — He places him¬ self under the protection of the Bishop of Cork, who is unable to avert the crime — The Bishop “maledicts” all who are concerned Desecration of the “ Gospel of St. Barri ” — -The site of the murder in the Macroom Mountains — The conspiracy by Ivor, the Danish King of Limerick, Donovan, and Molloy — The Bishop remains at Raithen Mor , near Fermoy — One site of the murder at Kilflyn, another shown in the Mushera Mountains — Molloy is cursed for his treachery — Brian Boroimhe’s vengeance — Elegy on Mahoun’s death, supposed to have been spoken by him — Brian revenges his brothers murder — The battle of Glen Mama , and its results — The subjugation of the Danes — -What led to the battle of Clontarf — Brian's marriage with Gormley — Her character — A scene at the palace of Kincora — The war begins in earnest — The battle of Clontarf — The places of the Cork men — Raids on Cork after this battle.
CHAP. YI. — Early Ecclesiastical Foundations... . 85

Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 5

As the companion tells it

This parish is Kilflyn, in Kerry. It is one of two places shown as the site where Mahoun was murdered. Mahoun, whose Irish name was Mathgamhain, was the brother of Brian Boroimhe. The two were on opposite sides of a quarrel between the Eoghanists and the Dalcassians, and the Eoghanists allied themselves with the Danes. The murder was treacherous, and it was carried out through a conspiracy by Ivor, the Danish King of Limerick, Donovan, and Molloy. Before his death, Mahoun placed himself under the protection of the Bishop of Cork, but the Bishop was unable to avert the crime. The Bishop maledicts all who were concerned in it. The Gospel of St. Barri was desecrated. The Bishop remained at Raithen Mor, near Fermoy. A second site of the murder is shown in the Mushera Mountains. Molloy was cursed for his treachery. Brian Boroimhe took vengeance. An elegy on Mahoun's death is supposed to have been spoken by Brian himself. Brian revenged his brother's murder at the battle of Glen Mama, which led to the subjugation of the Danes.

Altore Cross Roads near Inchigeelagh

Inchigeelagh · townland · Cork

Altoee, near Inchigeelagh, is known as Altore Cross Roads. The name derives from altoir, meaning an altar, suggesting an ancient ecclesiastical association.

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Altoee, a place near Inchigeelagh, is known as Altore Cross Roads. Altore — Altoir , an altar.
In A Tour through Ireland by Two English Gentlemen (Dublin), 1 748, we read : — “ The poorer sort of Irish natives are mostly Roman Catholicks, who make no scruple to assemble in the open Fields. As we passed yesterday in a By-Road we saw a priest under a tree, with a large assembly about him, celebrating Mass in his proper Habit ; and though at a great distance from us we heard him distinctly. These sort of people, my lord, seem to be very solemn and sincere in their devotion.”

Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 389

As the companion tells it

Somewhere around here is Altore Cross Roads. The name comes from "altoir," meaning an altar. A book called "A Tour through Ireland by Two English Gentlemen" records what its writers saw passing along a by-road. They saw a priest under a tree, with a large assembly about him, celebrating Mass in his proper habit. They were at a great distance but heard him distinctly. They wrote: "These sort of people, my lord, seem to be very solemn and sincere in their devotion." They noted the poorer sort of Irish natives were mostly Roman Catholics, who made no scruple to assemble in the open fields.

Auliff O'Donovan slain in county Cork, 1301

Cork · city · Cork · 1301

In 1301, Amhlaoibh Aulaf (Auliff) O'Donovan, chief of the O'Donovans, was slain in what is now County Cork by the O'Briens and De Burgos.

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XXIX. Raghnall Ranulph Randal, or Reginald O’Donovan, another name which bespeaks a Danish alliance. In the year 1301 the chief of the O’Donovans, Amhlaoibh Aulaf, or Auliff, was seated in the now county of Cork, where he was slain that year by the O’Briens and De Burgos, but how he stood related to this Raghnall has not been proved.
XXX. Mailruanaidh.

Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 402

As the companion tells it

As you pass through Cork, the road brings you near country where, in 1301, Auliff O'Donovan, chief of the O'Donovans, was slain by the O'Briens and De Burgos. He was seated here in what is now County Cork when he met his death that year.

Ballincollig gunpowder mills and Barrett's castle

near Ballincollig · town · Cork · 1327–1377

Ballincollig is remarkable as a military depot and for its extensive gunpowder mills. About a mile west of the village stand the ruins of Barrett's castle of Ballincollig, built in the reign of Edward III, consisting of a square keep and enclosed bawn.

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Ballincollig, Baile-an-Ckullaigh, the town of the boar. The village of Ballincollig is remarkable as a military depot and for its extensive gunpowder mills. The artillery barracks forms a large pile of buildings ; and the powder nulls, which are near the barrack, occupy a great extent in the adjacent low grounds, space being necessary to the safety of the works. About a mile west of the village stands the ruins of Barrett’s castle of Ballincollig, built in the reign of Edward III. It is situated in the plain, and consists of a square keep and enelosed bawn.
A mile above Ballincollig, the Lee is joined by the Bride,

Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 395

As the companion tells it

The road takes you through or near Ballincollig, the town of the boar. The village is remarkable as a military depot and for its extensive gunpowder mills. The artillery barracks forms a large pile of buildings, and the powder mills, near the barracks, occupy a great extent in the adjacent low grounds, space being necessary to the safety of the works. West of the village stand the ruins of Barrett's castle, built in the reign of Edward III, from 1327 to 1377. It sits in the plain and consists of a square keep and enclosed bawn.

Ballybeg Abbey and transferred remains

Ballybeg · townland · Cork

The ancient abbey of Ballybeg, about half a mile from Buttevant friary, had its abbey-land and graveyard acquired by a farmer. Human bones from the abbey were transferred to the friary church to be deposited in consecrated ground.

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corporate town, and to judge from its ruins it must have been of considerable importance. The Barrys ruled here with regal splendour, and almost with royal power. Smith says : — “ This whole town seems formerly to have been an assemblage of churches and religious houses” (History of Cork , vol. i, p. 315), and it merited from Burlase the eulogy that “it was an old nest of abbots and friars.” Ward, in his MS. History, gives the following account of the Franciscan Convent of Buttevant : — “ It was built in 1251, and was placed under the care of the Superior of Cork in 1260. In the reign of Queen Elizabeth the friars were several times driven away from it, and some of them were arrested and thrown into prison. All the buildings, with the exception of the church, were mined, and that was preserved on account of the tombs of the nobility there buried, but all the images were broken. Still some of the friars continued to reside there — partly in the conventual buildings, or their ruins, and partly in the neighbourhood.” Wadding also writes regarding this place, Buttefanie, or Buttevanie : — “ The town was formerly large and frequented, now it is reduced and poor. Two illustrious families — the Barrys and the Lombards — had their residence there. Some say that the convent was erected by the Barrys, others by the Pendergasts, but I think it was by the Barrys, whose magni¬ ficent tomb was erected in the middle of the choir, and whose family always evinced their piety towards our order. In the church are many sepulchres of nobles. It is wonderful with what care the friars have repaired some of the ruins of this convent. . In the crypt is an immense collection of bones and skulls, which are probably supposed to be the remains of those who fell in the sanguinary battle of Knockninoss, on the 1 3th of November, 1647. Among those who were slain on this occasion are the famous Mac Alistair Mac Donnell, surnamed Colkitto. It is said, however, that a great portion of these human bones were brought to this church from the ancient abbey of Ballybeg, about half a mile distant, by a farmer who got possession of the abbey-land and graveyard, and who was justly solicitous to deposit such remains in consecrated ground.”

Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 394

As the companion tells it

Somewhere close to Ballybeg stood an ancient abbey, about half a mile from the Franciscan convent of Buttevant. That convent was built in 1251 and placed under the care of the Superior of Cork in 1260. The town was formerly large and frequented, but was now reduced and poor. Two illustrious families, the Barrys and the Lombards, had their residence there. Some say the convent was erected by the Barrys, others by the Prendergasts, but it was most likely the Barrys, whose magnificent tomb stood in the middle of the choir. In the reign of Queen Elizabeth the friars were driven away several times, and some were arrested and thrown into prison. All the buildings were ruined except the church, which was preserved on account of the tombs of the nobility there buried, though all the images were broken. Still some friars continued to reside among the ruins or in the neighbourhood. In the crypt of the church lies an immense collection of bones and skulls, thought by some to be the remains of those who fell at the battle of Knockninoss on the 13 of November 1647, among them the famous Mac Alistair Mac Donnell, surnamed Colkitto. But a great portion of these human bones were brought to the church from the ancient abbey by a farmer who had acquired the abbey-land and graveyard. He was, as the record says, "justly solicitous to deposit such remains in consecrated ground."

Ballybeg Priory ruins near Buttevant

Ballybeg · townland · Cork · 1229

The ruins of an Augustinian monastery near Buttevant, founded by the Barrys and dedicated to St. Thomas, endowed in 1229. An equestrian brass statue of the founder was placed in the church, and the ruins show it was originally a magnificent structure.

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Ballybeg (small town). — The ruins of this monastery are situated near Buttevant, in the barony of Orrery and Kilmore. This house was founded by the Barrys .also. It was dedicated to St. Thomas, and the monks followed the rule of St. Augustine. It was endowed in the year 1229. An equestrian statue in brass of the founder was placed in the church. The ruins of this abbey show that it had been originally a magnificent structure.
B a ll ym AC ad aye is situated four miles from the city of Cork, on the Bandon road. Felim Mac Owen and other Franciscan friars were in possession, and dispossessed in the reign of Elizabeth. Cormac Mac Carthy founded an abbey here for Austine nuns in 1450.

Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 391

As the companion tells it

Close to Ballybeg are the ruins of a monastery, near Buttevant, in the barony of Orrery and Kilmore. The Barrys founded this house. It was dedicated to St. Thomas, and the monks followed the rule of St. Augustine. It was endowed in 1229. An equestrian statue in brass of the founder was placed in the church. The ruins of this abbey show that it had been originally a magnificent structure.

Barrett's Castle near Ballincollig described

near Ballincollig · town · Cork

Barrett's Castle stands about a mile south-west of Ballincollig on an isolated limestone rock. It forms an irregular quadrangle with a fortified bawn and a slender keep of about forty feet, with uncommonly small chambers measuring five feet by four feet.

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Barrett’s Castle stands about a mile south-west of the village of Ballincollig,
This building forms an irregular quadrangle. It is built on an isolated limestone rock in the midst of a gently undulating plain, and consists of a large fortified bawn and a slender keep of about forty feet in height. This latter stands at the east side of the bawn, and is vaulted inside. The chambers are of uncommonly small dimensions, measuring in length five feet, and breadth four feet, each occupying the entire internal space.

Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 396

As the companion tells it

Out beyond Ballincollig, about a mile to the south-west, Barrett's Castle sits on an isolated limestone rock rising from a gently undulating plain. The building forms an irregular quadrangle. It consists of a large fortified bawn and a slender keep standing at the east side, about 40 feet in height and vaulted inside. The chambers are uncommonly small, each measuring 5 feet in length and 4 feet in breadth, occupying the entire internal space of the keep.

Beile festivals at Clontinty near Cork

Clontinty · townland · Cork

Beile (Beltane) festivals were held at Clontinty near Cork, indicating the site's importance in pre-Christian ritual practice. The text links these festivals to the division of Ireland into provinces.

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Ireland first peopled in Munster— The reasons iui accepting the Annals of pre-Christian Ages — -Their importance — Their probable truth— Difference between legends and narra¬ tives true in the main — The great value of Celtic studies — Dunamark, in the barony of Bantry, the first place inhabited in Ireland — Traditions of the “Morning Land” — Early historic records— Anthropological science — The first colonization of Ireland — Parthalon — The Firbolgs — The Tuatha-de-Dananns— Death of King Neimhidh and three thousand persons at Cork — Battle at Berehaven — The seat of sovereignty estab. lished — The Beile festivals at Clontinty, near Cork — Ireland divided into provinces — Origin of the prefix, “ ster” — The Irish fire-worshippers — Examples from names of places in Cork — Assolas, near Kanturk, and near Doneraile— The seat of monarchy settled at Dun-Cearmna, now Kinsale, A.M. 3668 — Battles in the County Cork — Second division of Ireland — riingus, king of Munster — Ancestor of the Mac Carthys, O’Keeffes, O’Callaghans, and O’Sullivans — Battle at Cuille, County Cork — the Plague.
Ill'CCORDiNG to the best and earliest traditions, Ireland was first peopled in Munster. If such traditions are to be alto¬ gether rejected because they stretch away into a dim and and misty past, we must give up a great deal of pre-Christian history. Why should not the Irish Celt have as ancient and respected traditions as the Assyrian or the Indian ? Does ancient Irish history fail to interest because it can be studied nearer home, or because it is the history of a people for whom there is less sympathy ? Dates in the pre-Christian periods may be doubtful, but this by no means invalidates facts: Facts may be handed down with a halo of romance, but the fact none the less underlies the halo. Yet. when all is said, there

Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 12

As the companion tells it

Somewhere around here, at Clontinty near Cork, the old records place the Beile festivals. These were Beltane gatherings, fire festivals from before Christianity came to Ireland. The book that preserves this says the festivals stood at a turning point. After the seat of sovereignty was established, the Beile festivals were held here, and then Ireland was divided into provinces. So Clontinty marks the place where that ancient division was bound to ritual. The same record names the peoples who came before this: Parthalon, the Firbolgs, the Tuatha-de-Dananns. It tells of the death of King Neimhidh and 3000 persons at Cork, and a battle at Berehaven. It names Dunamark in the barony of Bantry as the first place inhabited in Ireland, and speaks of traditions from what it calls the Morning Land. The writer argues that these old Irish traditions deserve the same respect given to Assyrian or Indian records. Dates in the pre-Christian periods may be doubtful, the text says, but this does not invalidate facts. Facts may be handed down with what the writer calls a halo of romance, but the fact none the less underlies that halo. The Irish were fire-worshippers, and traces of that survive in place names across Cork. The record points to Assolas near Kanturk and near Doneraile as examples. After the festivals here, the seat of monarchy was settled at Dun-Cearmna, now Kinsale, in the year 3668 by the old reckoning.

Breada man-of-war blown up in Cork harbour

near Cork Harbour · estuary · Cork · 1691

On 12 October 1691, the Breada man-of-war, which lay in Cork harbour, was blown up and nearly all on board perished.

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Seven Irish regiments laid down their arms— Tyrone’s, Mac Carthy’s, O’Donovan’s, Mac Gillicuddy’s, Clancarty’s, O’Sullivan’s, and Barrett’s. The principal officers and some of the men were sent to England as prisoners, and about 4,500 of the defenders of Limerick embarked at Cork for France, under the command of General Sarsfield [Lord Lucan]. On the 12th of October, 1691, the Breada man-ofwar, which lay in Cork harbour, was blown up, and nearly all perished.
S'ir Richard Cox describes how the captured Irish were treated after this war, in which, as usual, they had taken the

Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 304

As the companion tells it

Cork Harbour was the scene of a loss in 1691. That October, Irish regiments had laid down their arms, and about 4,500 defenders of Limerick embarked at Cork for France under General Sarsfield. On the 12th of October 1691, the Breada man-of-war, which lay in Cork harbour, was blown up, and nearly all perished.

Call for naval pinnaces on the Shannon

Shannon · town · Clare · 1600

A correspondent urged that some of her Majesty's pinnaces be appointed for the coast and the river of the Shannon, reflecting ongoing strategic concerns about rebel activity and Spanish aid along Ireland's waterways.

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“ At the Old Head of Kinsall there is a strong fort, lately in Florence’s keeping, but now taken by direction and award, their place. O’Neyll had equally divided betwixt his cousin Florence and his Earl of Desmond all profits gotten in possession, or coming from beyond the seayes. Pardon me, Right Honbl.e, I beseech you to yield a poor opinion: it were very requisite that some of her Majesty’s pinnaces be appointed for this coast, and the river of the Shannon. The consideration I humbly leave to. your honor’s grave and deep deep judgment, craving pardon for my boldness.
“Cork, this 2nd of April, 1600.

Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 242

As the companion tells it

Around Shannon, in 1600, a correspondent wrote from Cork on the 2nd of April with a warning. He spoke of a strong fort at the Old Head of Kinsall, lately in Florence's keeping but now taken. He said O'Neill had divided all profits between his cousin Florence and the Earl of Desmond, profits gotten in possession or coming from beyond the seas. Then he made his request. He said,

Carew's march route from Cork to Dunboy through Munster towns

Timoleague · town · Cork · 1602

Carew set out from Cork on 20 April 1602, encamping successively at Owneby near Kinsale, Timoleague, Rosscarbery, Castletown via the Leap, and Baltimore, before reaching the Bantry area. This was the concentration of all English forces in Munster for the siege of Dunboy Castle.

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« All the English force in Munster were now concentrated on the one point. Carew set out from Cork on the 20th April, 1602. He encamped that night at Owneby, near Kinsale. On the 24th he reached Timoleague, on the 25th Rosscarbery, on the 26th he went over the Leap to Castletown, on the 27th to Baltimore, on the 2 9th he encamped at a castle near Kilcor, wherein the rebel Conogher, the eldest son of Sir Fineen O’Driscoll, knight, held a ward ; the 30th the army dislodged, and drew to Carew castle, built in ancient time by the lord president’s ancestors and by the Irish, called Downmarke, on the Marques, his house being two miles distant from the Abbey of Bantry, where we sate downe as well to give annoyance to the rebels as to tarry the coming of the shipping with victuals, munition and ordnance, at which place Captain George ' Flower, with his .garrison (left there by the Earl of Thomond), fell in unto us.”
When the army had fairly encamped before Dunboy, Staf-

Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa

As the companion tells it

Timoleague is a town along this route through Munster. In 1602, all the English force in Munster were concentrated on one point, the siege of Dunboy Castle. Carew set out from Cork on the 20th of April, 1602, and encamped that night at Owneby, near Kinsale. On the 24th he reached Timoleague. On the 25th he pressed on to Rosscarbery. On the 26th he went over the Leap to Castletown, on the 27th to Baltimore. On the 29th he encamped at a castle near Kilcor, where the rebel Conogher, eldest son of Sir Fineen O'Driscoll, knight, held a ward. On the 30th the army dislodged and drew to Carew Castle, built in ancient time by the lord president's ancestors and by the Irish, called Downmarke, on the Marques, his house being two miles distant from the Abbey of Bantry. There they sat down, as the record says, to give annoyance to the rebels and to tarry the coming of the shipping with victuals, munition and ordnance. Captain George Flower, with his garrison, left there by the Earl of Thomond, fell in unto them.

Castle of Dunnagall on Ringarogy Island

Ringarogy Island · island or archipelago · Cork · 1215

The castle of Dunnagall was erected by Sleviny. Its ruins are marked on the ordnance map of county Cork, sheet 150, on Ringarogy Island, in the parish of Creagh, in the east division of the barony of West Carbery.

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The castles of Dunnagall and Dun na Sead (Baltimore), by Sleviny. The ruins of the former are marked on the ordnance map of the county of Cork, sheet 150, on Ringarogy Island, in the parish of Creagh, in the east division of the barony of West Carbery ; and the ruins of the castles of Baltimore, which was anciently called Dun na p6ao, are shown on the same sheet at Baltimore village.
The castle of Traigh-bhaile, near the harbour of Cuan Dor (Glandore), was erected by Barrett. This castle was afterwards called Cloghatrad - Y ally, and belonged to Donnell na Carton O’Donovan, chief of Clann-Loughlin, who died on the 10th of May, 1580, and to his son, and grandson. It was situated in the townland of Aghatubridmore, in the parish of Kilfaughnabeg, and is now generally called Glandore Castle.

Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 117

As the companion tells it

Ringarogy Island, in Cork, carries the ruins of the castle of Dunnagall. Sleviny built it. He also built the castle of Dun na Sead at Baltimore. The ruins of Dunnagall are marked on the ordnance map of county Cork, sheet 150, in the parish of Creagh, in the east division of the barony of West Carbery. The ruins of Sleviny's Baltimore castle appear on the same sheet, at Baltimore village.

Church founded at Ross Beg by Mochuda's brethren

Ross Beg · townland · Leitrim

As part of the lands granted by King Cathel to St. Mochuda, holy brethren were sent to build a church at Ross Beg in honour of God. This was one of several foundations established by Mochuda in Munster.

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“ Mochuda came where the king was, and the king and his friends implored Mochuda to relieve his distress. Mochuda made prayers to God for him, and put the sign of the holy cross on his eyes, and ears, and mouth, and he was cured of all his diseases and troubles, and the king, Cathel, gave extensive lands to God, and to Mochuda for ever, namely, Cathel Island, and Ross Beg and Ross More, and Pick Island (now Spike Island), and Mochuda sent holy brethren to build a church in Ross Beg in honour of God, and Mochuda himself commenced building a monastery in Pick Island, and he remained there a full year.”9
9. The Life says further : — “ Mochuda then placed three of his disciples above mentioned, namely, the three sons of Nascann, i.e., Bishop Caban, and Straphan, the priest, and Laisren, the saint, in those churches. And it was the holy Bishop of Ardomain that gave holy orders to these three in Mochuda’s presence ; and it was he that was appointed to preserve them in the path of righteousness ; and he left two score more of his brethren in his own stead in the monastery of Pick Island. Pick Island is a most holy place, and most pious people reside in it perpetually.

Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 91

As the companion tells it

Close to Ross Beg, holy brethren once built a church in honour of God, at the instruction of Saint Mochuda. The story begins with King Cathel, who was suffering from diseases and troubles. Mochuda came to where the king was, and the king and his friends implored Mochuda to relieve his distress. Mochuda prayed to God for him and put the sign of the holy cross on his eyes, his ears, and his mouth. The king was cured of all his diseases and troubles. In gratitude, Cathel gave extensive lands to God and to Mochuda forever: Cathel Island, Ross Beg, Ross More, and Pick Island, now called Spike Island. Mochuda sent holy brethren to build a church at Ross Beg. He himself began building a monastery on Pick Island and remained there a full year. Mochuda then placed three of his disciples in those churches, the three sons of Nascann: Bishop Caban, Straphan the priest, and Laisren the saint. The holy Bishop of Ardomain gave holy orders to these three in Mochuda's presence and was appointed to preserve them in the path of righteousness. Mochuda left two score more of his brethren in his own stead at the monastery on Pick Island.

Cloyne as ancient burial place of Ireland's elite

Cloyne · town · Cork

According to an ancient manuscript, Cloyne was the favourite burial place for the noble families of Ireland because of the sanctity of the founder of the See. Cormac Mac Cullenan expressed this veneration in his will by desiring to be buried there.

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Cloyne, according to an ancient MS., was the favourite place of burial for the “ best bloods of Ireland,” on account of the sanctity of the founder of the See. That it was so venerated we find from the will of Cormac Mac Cullenan, who desired to be buried here.
The Round Tower is thus described by Dr. Moran : —

Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 421

As the companion tells it

Cloyne was, according to an ancient manuscript, the favourite burial place for the best bloods of Ireland, on account of the sanctity of the founder of the See. Cormac Mac Cullenan honoured that veneration in his will, asking to be buried here.

Copper mines at Allihies in Berehaven

Allihies · townland · Cork

Copper was worked in the Berehaven mines at Allihies and vicinity, described as important and productive. Lead was also found in that neighbourhood. These mines were considered significant enough to be mentioned first among the metallic resources of County Cork.

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The metals found in this county, which are capable of being applied economically, are copper, lead, silver-bearing and otherwise, manganese and iron. Copper is worked in the Berekaven mines, at Allihies, and in the vicinity; lead is found also in that neighbourhood. These mines are important and productive, and deserve to be mentioned first. Copper occurs near Glengariff ; near Bantry, and in different places out towards Sheep’s Head (with green carbonate of copper or malachite) ; near Dunmanway, on the N.W. side ; in several places about Ballydehob and about Schull, not only on the mainland but on the islands (with green carbonate) ; about Crookhaven (with silver-bearing lead) ; near Three Castle Head ; near Castletownsend (with lead and antimony) ; near Rosscarbery (with manganese) ; near Clonakilty (with lead) ; near Rathpeacon, two or three miles N.W. of Cork (traces of green carbonate) ; at Knockadoon Head, near Youghal ; and near Millstreet. Lead occurs at the following places, besides those just mentioned : — At White Ball Head ; near Bantry (but in a different locality from that above referred to), some¬ times argentiferous ; near Leap (with iron) ; near Minane ; at Ringabella Bay, argentiferous ; near Carrigaline ; near Carrigtohill ; on the coast just opposite Youghal (just outside Cork) ; and near Cary’s Ville, about three miles eastward of Fermoy. Iron seem to have been extensively worked in various places in former times ; as at Coomhola, near Bantry Bay ; at Aghadown, near Roaring Water Bay, and at several other places on the coast ; at Dundaniel, on the Bandon River ; at Araglin, about eight miles north-east of Fermoy; at Tallow, and elsewhere. The works were abandoned when the natural woods, which supplied the fuel, were used up. The metal, being smelted with wood, was of excellent quality, and esteemed equal to Swedish iron. In Bere Island there is specular iron ore ; in the Schull district iron occurs in nearly all the quartz veins and strings, generally micaceous ore or red haematite. It is found as mundic (iron pyrites) in some of the lodes in that vicinity, and also near Dunmanway. It occurs, also, as bog iron ore. Manganese is to be obtained at Leap ; Ross-

Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 359

As the companion tells it

Somewhere close to Allihies, copper was worked in the Berehaven mines, here and in the vicinity. Lead was found in that same neighbourhood. The record says these mines are important and productive, and that they deserve to be mentioned first among the metals of County Cork. The metals found across the county that could be put to economic use were copper, lead, silver-bearing and otherwise, manganese and iron. Copper turns up near Glengariff, near Bantry, and in different places out towards Sheep's Head, where green carbonate of copper or malachite was found. It appears near Dunmanway on the north-west side, in several places about Ballydehob and about Schull, not only on the mainland but on the islands, with green carbonate. There is copper about Crookhaven with silver-bearing lead, near Three Castle Head, near Castletownsend with lead and antimony, near Rosscarbery with manganese, and near Clonakilty with lead. Copper is also found near Rathpeacon, two or three miles north-west of Cork, where traces of green carbonate were found, at Knockadoon Head near Youghal, and near Millstreet. Lead occurs at many other places: at White Ball Head, near Bantry in a different locality, sometimes argentiferous, near Leap with iron, near Minane, at Ringabella Bay where it is argentiferous, near Carrigaline, near Carrigtohill, on the coast just opposite Youghal, and near Cary's Ville about three miles eastward of Fermoy. Iron seems to have been extensively worked in former times at Coomhola near Bantry Bay, at Aghadown near Roaring Water Bay, and at several other places on the coast, at Dundaniel on the Bandon River, at Araglin about eight miles north-east of Fermoy, at Tallow, and elsewhere. The works were abandoned when the natural woods that supplied the fuel were used up. The metal, being smelted with wood, was of excellent quality, esteemed equal to Swedish iron.

Corcair river sinks into limestone in Doneraile

Doneraile · townland · Cork

The Corcair river, called 'the imprisoned river,' rises in the parish of Doneraile and falls into the Aubeg. It earned its name from sinking into a limestone rock and rising again further on.

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The Corcair — the imprisoned river — rises in the parish of Doneraile, and falls into the Aubeg. Its has its characteristic and expressive name on account of its sinking into a limestone rock and rising again further on.
The Lee flows from Gougan Barra, through the city of Cork- The derivation is doubtful. It is called the Laoi in Munster, in O’ Cleary s Book of Conquests , and the Luvius by Ptolemy.

Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 444

As the companion tells it

Close to Doneraile, the Corcair river is known as the imprisoned river. It rises in the parish of Doneraile and falls into the Aubeg. It earned that name because it sinks into a limestone rock and rises again further on.

Cork common council excludes Catholic freemen

Cork · city · Cork

The common council of Cork ordered that Roman Catholics admitted as freemen by King James without taking the usual oaths would no longer be considered freemen of the city. This act of political exclusion followed the surrender of Cork to King William.

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“ On the 28th of January the common council of Cork ordered that the Roman Catholics imposed on them as freemen by the late King James, without taking the usual oaths, should not be deemed freemen of this city for the future.
“ On the 1 3th of July the Devonshire man-of-war had her deck blown up by accident, in Kinsale harbour, and thirty men wounded.

Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 306

As the companion tells it

Cork, a city the road passes through. On the 28th of January the common council of Cork ordered that the Roman Catholics imposed on them as freemen by the late King James, without taking the usual oaths, should not be deemed freemen of this city for the future. This followed the surrender of Cork to King William. Catholics admitted under James lost their standing in the city.

Cromwell sails for England from Youghal

Youghal · town · Cork · 1650

On 29 May 1650, Cromwell sailed for England from Youghal, bearing with him the bitter curse of every Irish Catholic and loyalist.

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On the 29th of May, 1650, Cromwell sailed for England from Youghal, bearing with him the bitter curse of every Irish Catholic and loyalist.
A terribly bloody slaughter was effected near Dromagh, where the Irish had fought with surpassing bravery. The inhuman command was given “ to kill all,” and the order was executed with the usual barbarity. The engagement took place at Knocknaclady, about half a mile from Banteer.

Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 294

As the companion tells it

Youghal is a town the road passes through. On the 29th of May, 1650, Cromwell sailed for England from here, bearing what the record calls the bitter curse of every Irish Catholic and loyalist. His departure from this port marked the end of his campaign in Ireland. He left behind a country devastated, and a memory that has not faded.

Danish invasion devastates Cloyne

Cloyne · town · Cork

During the first Danish invasion, Cloyne was devastated. Later, the Prior and Abbot of Cloyne were slain by the Danes.

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The first Danish invasion — Cloyne and Ross devastated — Cogadh Gall re Gaedhil — Extracts from this Work — Cork plundered — Innishannon, on the river Bandon — Curious prophecies — Bec- Mac-De — Prophecy of St. Bercan — Death of Cucaech, Abbot of Cloyne — Death of the Abbot of Kinneigh — Carbery — Rosscarbery — the Wood of the Pilgrims— Cork burned again — Bri-Gobhann (Brigown) plundered — Drowning of Turgesius, the Danish champion — Slaughter of the Danes by the men of Munster — Plunder of Cloyne, Ross, and Kenmare — Fight between the Black and White Gentiles — Death of Columb, Abbot of Cork — The Abbots of Cork and Lismore mortally.^ wounded by the Danes —
Death ot another Abbot ol Cork — Forty years of comparative

Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 5

As the companion tells it

This is Cloyne. In the first Danish invasion the town was devastated. The old Irish chronicle called Cogadh Gaedhel re Gallaibh, the war of the Irish with the foreigners, records it. Cloyne was plundered, and so were Ross and Cork and Innishannon on the river Bandon. The Abbot of Cloyne, Cucaech, was killed by the Danes. Other abbots fell too, the Abbot of Kinneigh among them. Later the Danes came back and plundered Cloyne again, along with Ross and Kenmare. The men of Munster slaughtered the Danes in turn, and Turgesius, the Danish champion, was drowned. But for forty years after, there was comparative peace.

Danvers sent against the Geraldines, arrives at Tralee

Tralee · town · Kerry · 1579

Henry Danvers was dispatched by the president against the Geraldines and had arrived in Tralee. The Earl of Desmond maintained a non-intervention policy, telling Danvers his forces were not fit to meet trained soldiers.

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In the meantime Henry Danvers, Davells, or Davuse, as he is variously denominated, was now sent by the president against the Geraldines, and had arrived in Tralee.
According to O’Sullivan Beare, James refused to accept the services of John Desmond until he had committed himself irreparably by some overt act against the English which would

Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 206

As the companion tells it

In 1579, Henry Danvers was sent by the president against the Geraldines and arrived in Tralee. According to O'Sullivan Beare, James refused to accept the services of John Desmond until he had committed himself by some overt act against the English.

Desmond departs woods near Castleisland

Castleisland · town · Kerry · 1583

On Saturday, 9 November 1583, the earl left the woods near Castleisland and headed westward beyond Trainore. This departure marks one of the final movements of Desmond before his capture and killing.

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All the earl’s followers had now deserted him, and it is pitiful to read how he “ wepte like a child over the loss of his menne.” During the remainder of September and the early part of November he lay concealed in the woods near Tralee, with the few followers who continued faithful to him. On Saturday, the 9th of November, the earl left the woods, near Castleisland, and went westward beyond Trainore to Doire-

Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 229

As the companion tells it

The road passes through Castleisland. In 1583 the earl of Desmond had lost nearly all his followers, and the record says he "wepte like a child over the loss of his menne." He hid through September and into November in the woods near Tralee with the few who stayed loyal. On Saturday, 9 November 1583 he left the woods near Castleisland and went westward beyond Trainore. It was one of his last movements before his capture and killing.

Dreadful pestilence in Cork city

Cork · city · Cork · 1606–1607

Towards the end of 1606 and beginning of 1607, a most dreadful pestilence struck the city of Cork, which eventually ceased of itself.

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££ Towards the end of this year and beginning of the next there was a most dreadful pestilence in the city of Cork, which, by degrees, ceased of itself.
££ Cork, Youghal, and, Kinsale, with several other towns in Munster, obtained new charters from his Majesty, with a further augmentation of their privileges. The bishop’s epis¬ copal palace in Cork was re-edified by Bishop Lyon, and cost him ,£4,000.

Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 278

As the companion tells it

Cork, the city the road passes through, was hit by a most dreadful pestilence towards the end of 1606 and the beginning of 1607. By degrees, it ceased of itself. In the same period Cork, Youghal, and Kinsale, with several other towns in Munster, obtained new charters from his Majesty, with a further augmentation of their privileges. The bishop's episcopal palace in Cork was re-edified by Bishop Lyon and cost him 4,000 pounds.

Dromdaleague priest and Catholic schooling

Dromdaleague · townland · Cork · 1690–1699

Felix McCarthy served as Catholic priest of Dromdaleague and had been there before the late troubles. A Protestant schoolmaster complained that Papists taught public school in the parish.

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“ In the parish of Adnageehy, David Terry, papist, gives the seventh part of his nnlk to the poor. In Abbey strowry the rector or vicar usually demands, besides his |burying fees, when the man of the family or widow dies worth £$, He sum of 13s. 4ch, as a mortuary. If the man dies worth less than they demand his second best suit of clothes, or 6s. 8d. in lieu thereof. In Dromdaleague parish Felix McCarthy is priest ; he was here before the late troubles. A Protestant schoolmaster complains that Papists teach public school in this parish. In Caharagh parish ’tis thought that there are forty Papists for one Protestant; William Guricheen, a very old man, is priest there. In Cannaway parish, no church, no Protestant ; there is the ruins of a house in the church-yard ; there is a vault whole ; the priest built an altar in it about a year ago, when some person of note was ^buried : Denis Sweeney is priest of this parish and Macromp.
Of Durrus, he writes : —

Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 186

As the companion tells it

Somewhere close to Dromdaleague, Felix McCarthy served as the Catholic priest. He had been there before the late troubles. A Protestant schoolmaster complained that Papists taught public school in this parish. The same record notes what was happening in other parishes nearby. In Caharagh they reckoned forty Papists for one Protestant, and William Guricheen, a very old man, was priest. In Cannaway there was no church and no Protestant, only the ruins of a house in the churchyard and a vault where the priest Denis Sweeney had built an altar about a year before, when someone of note was buried. In Abbey Strowry the rector or vicar demanded, besides his burying fees, a mortuary when the man of the family or a widow died. If the dead had been worth five pounds, he asked thirteen shillings and four pence. If less, he took the second best suit of clothes, or six shillings and eight pence instead. All of it gives the shape of the world the schoolmaster's complaint came from.

Earl James Desmond died at Askeaton

Askeaton · townland · Limerick · 1558

Earl James Desmond, who served as lord high treasurer of Ireland through the reign of Queen Mary, died at Askeaton in 1558. He was succeeded by Gerald, his eldest son by his second wife, despite the claims of his dispossessed lawful heir.

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The new earl was received with great condescension by the Emrlish km°\ who was anxious to Keep peace m Ii eland umil his continental affairs were more settled. Desmond was made lord high treasurer of Ireland, which office he held to the end of the reign of Queen Mary ; and in July, 1543; ^orc^ deputy, St. Leger, was authorized to make him a grant, by patent, of a house and parcel of land near Dublin, for the keeping of his horses and train when he attended the parlia¬ ment or council, and for this purpose St Marys Abbey was bestowed upon him. In 15 5^ a great court w as held in Limerick, to which O'Carroll repaired under the safe protection of the earl, the mayor of Limerick, and the English and Irish who were present at that court. He was commissioned to continue the parliament, November 1, 1 5 5 7s but he died the following year at Askeaton. He was succeeded by Gerald, his eldest son by his second wife. The true heir vainly attempted to assert his rights,; but although he had the assistance of the Lord Kerry and others, might triumphed over right, and Earl Gerald sat as lord of Desmond in a parliament held in Dublin, a d. 1559.
The “ Four Masters” give a very favourable account of the rule of this earl. Notwithstanding his act of injustice towards his own son, he is said to have been just to others, and they declare : — •

Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 192

As the companion tells it

Somewhere around here, Earl James Desmond died. He had served as lord high treasurer of Ireland, an office he held to the end of Queen Mary's reign. In July 1543, the deputy St. Leger was authorized to make him a grant, by patent, of a house and parcel of land near Dublin, for the keeping of his horses and train when he attended parliament or council. For this purpose, St Mary's Abbey was bestowed upon him. A great court was held in Limerick, to which O'Carroll repaired under the safe protection of the earl, the mayor of Limerick, and the English and Irish who were present at that court. He was commissioned to continue the parliament, November 1, but he died the following year at Askeaton. He was succeeded by Gerald, his eldest son by his second wife. The true heir vainly attempted to assert his rights. He had the assistance of the Lord Kerry and others, but might triumphed over right, and Earl Gerald sat as lord of Desmond in a parliament held in Dublin in 1559. The Four Masters give a very favourable account of the rule of this earl. Notwithstanding his act of injustice towards his own son, he is said to have been just to others.

Edward I charter frees Cork mayors from Dublin oath

Cork · city · Cork · 1291

In 1291 Edward I confirmed Cork's charters, abolishing the custom obliging mayors to travel to Dublin to be sworn, allowing them to be sworn before the old mayor or the king's judges if resident in Cork. Citizens were exempted from jury service outside the city.

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7. Smith says in 1610 the judges gave it as their opinion that in Cork, by the charter and act of parliament, the king was to have the great and petty customs of all strangers, but that the citizens were to be discharged of the great customs. All charters granting customs between the last year of Edward I. and the first of Henry VII. are void by the Act of Exemption, Jo Henry VII., with a saving of Waterford only. The above charter is confirmed by that of King Edward I., dated June 12, at Northampton, the 19th of his reign, anno. 1291, which abolishes a custom that obliged the mayors to go to Dublin to be sworn, and allows the mayor to be sworn before the old one, or before the king’s judges, if resident in Cork. Exempts the citizens from being obliged to attend on juries out of the city. Grants to the mayors and bailiffs the assize of bread, all weights and measures, with the office of clerk of the market, and all other privileges mentioned in the charter of Henry III. The witnesses to this charter are William, of Canterbury, Primate of all England ; John, Bishop of Ely ; the king’s chancellor ; John, Bishop of Norwich ; Richard, Bishop of London ; Adam de Valentia, Count de Pembroke, Humfrid de Bohun, Count de Hereford and Essex, Hugon le Despenser, Seniore Roger de Mortuomari de Wigmore, Bartholomew de Badlesmere, etc. The same charter is literally repeated with that of King Henry III., in a new charter, granted by King Edward II. the 20th of January, 1318, and the 12th of his reign; adding that no stranger, except the king’s servants, shall bear arms in the city. Witness, Roger de Mortimer, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, at Clonmel, the said date. The above charters were again confirmed by a new one of 'King Edward III., dated at Woodstock, July 15th, the 4th year of his reign, 1330, witnessed by H., Bishop of Lincoln; the king’s chancellor, John de Eltham, Earl of Clonmel ; the king’s brother, John de Warren, Earl of Surrey ; Roger de Mortuomari, Earl of March ; Oliver de Ingham, John Maltravers, the seneschal of the king’s house, and others. The same king granted to the city another charter the following year, dated at Westminster the 12th of February, reciting his having seen letters patent which Edward, late King of England, his royal father, had granted to this city at the instance of Roger Mortimer, Earl of March, then Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, which letters patent, etc., he now confirms to the citizens afore¬ said. Witnesses the same as before.

Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 146

As the companion tells it

Cork, a city the road passes through, was freed from an old burden in 1291. That June, King Edward I signed a charter at Northampton, the 19th year of his reign. Before this, every mayor of Cork had to travel all the way to Dublin to be sworn in. The charter abolished that custom. From then on, a mayor could be sworn before the old mayor, or before the king's judges, so long as he was resident in Cork. The charter also exempted the citizens from being obliged to attend on juries outside the city. And it granted the mayors and bailiffs the assize of bread, all weights and measures, and the office of clerk of the market, along with the privileges named in the earlier charter of Henry III. The witnesses to this charter were powerful men. William of Canterbury, Primate of all England. John, Bishop of Ely, the king's chancellor. John, Bishop of Norwich. Richard, Bishop of London. Adam de Valentia, Count de Pembroke. Humfrid de Bohun, Count de Hereford and Essex. Hugon le Despenser. Roger de Mortuomari de Wigmore. Bartholomew de Badlesmere. King Edward II repeated the same charter on the 20th of January, 1318, adding that no stranger, except the king's servants, should bear arms in the city. King Edward III confirmed it again on the 15th of July, 1330, at Woodstock. The following year he granted another charter at Westminster, confirming letters patent his royal father had granted at the instance of Roger Mortimer, Earl of March, then Lord Lieutenant of Ireland.

English Parliament Prohibits Irish Woollen Exports

Cork · city · Cork · 1699

In 1699 the English Parliament passed an Act prohibiting the exportation of woollen goods from Ireland to England and the colonies, dealing a blow to Irish woollen manufacture from which it never recovered. The general confiscation of property also caused widespread misery, with purchasers of confiscated lands often not knowing where their lands were situated.

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In 1699 the English Parliament passed an Act to prohibit the exportation of woollen goods from Ireland, not only to England but even to any of the colonies, and by this means gave a blow to the manufacture of woollen fabrics here, from
O

Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 314

As the companion tells it

Cork felt it like every Irish town. In 1699 the English Parliament passed an Act to prohibit the exportation of woollen goods from Ireland, not only to England but even to any of the colonies. It gave a blow to the manufacture of woollen fabrics here, from which the trade never recovered.

Famine of bread and much rain in 889

Cork · city · Cork · 889

The Chronicum Scotorum records a famine of bread and much rain in 889, the same year the death of Arggdan is noted. This famine affected the Cork region during the period of Norse incursions.

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The Chronicum Scotorom enters the death of Saerbretach , a sage and Bishop of Cork, in 896, and Arggdan’s death in 889, in which year they say there was a famine of bread and much rain.
Cork must have merited the appellation of £< great at this period, for we find Ailill mentioned as Abbot of Trian Corcaigh,8 falling in battle with the King of Rathluine and of Kerry Luachira, and 6,000 men.

Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 61

As the companion tells it

In the year 889, the Chronicum Scotorum records a famine of bread and much rain across Cork. That same year, Arggdan died. The chronicle also notes the death of Saerbretach, a sage and Bishop of Cork, in 896. Cork was considered great in this period. Ailill, Abbot of Trian Corcaigh, fell in battle alongside 6,000 men against the King of Rathluine and of Kerry Luachira.

Fore, Kells, and Louth laid waste by the Saxons

Fore · townland · Westmeath · 1176

In 1176, Fore, Kells, and Louth were laid waste by the Saxons, described as another specimen of their peaceful conquest of Ireland. The same year saw the death of the English earl Richard, attributed to divine anger.

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1. In 1175 Conor Mac Coille, abbot of the Church of St. Peter and Paul, and after wards senior of St. Patrick’s, died at Rome, having gone thither to confer with the suc¬ cession of St. Peter, which, no doubt, would prove that the Irish were not attached to that See; and in 1176 Fore, Kells, and Louth were laid waste by the Saxons, another specimen of their peaceful conquest of Ireland. In the same year the death of “ the English earl, Richard,” is attributed to the anger of St. Bridget and Columcille for all the churches he had destroyed. “Pie thought he saw St. Bridget in the act of killing h,m.” This shows that at least some of the Norman robbers were aware of their mis¬ deeds, though Mr. Froude cannot see them.
9—2

Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 109

As the companion tells it

Somewhere close to Fore, in 1176, this place was laid waste by the Saxons. Kells and Louth met the same fate that year. The record calls it another specimen of their peaceful conquest of Ireland. The same year saw the death of the English earl Richard, attributed to the anger of St. Bridget and Columcille for all the churches he had destroyed. He is said to have thought he saw St. Bridget in the act of killing him. The writer notes that at least some of the Norman robbers were aware of their misdeeds.

Franciscan abbey ruins near Bantry

Bantry · town · Cork · 1690–1699

Dive Downes, writing at the close of the seventeenth century, records ruins of a Franciscan abbey by the sea side not far from Bantry. He notes it as the only religious house in the barony of Bear and Bantry.

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“ St. Faughnan is the patron saint of this parish. Not far from Bantry, by the sea side, are the ruins of an abbey which belonged to the Franciscans. I don't hear that there are any other religious houses besides this in the barony of Beere and Bantry ; Humphrey Sullivan is Popish priest of this parish, and of Kilcroghau ; he has been here about twelve years. A the inhabitants are Papists. No papists are allowed to live within the walls of Bandon. The Earl of Cork, m his leases,
1-1 Tnrlr in t6qq and wrote a very interesting account of

Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 186

As the companion tells it

Coming up through Durrus now. Downes wrote in 1699 that St. Faughnan was the patron saint of this parish. He noted ruins of a Franciscan abbey standing by the sea not far from Bantry, and it was the only religious house in the barony of Bere and Bantry. He added that Humphrey Sullivan was the Popish priest of this parish and of Kilcrohane, and had been there about 12 years. All the inhabitants were Papists. Downes recorded that no Papists were allowed to live within the walls of Bandon.

Ice-bent rock beds at Miltown Castle demesne

Charleville · town · Cork

In the demesne of Miltown Castle, a few miles west of Charleville, vertical beds of rock have their edges forced over to the south by glacial ice movement. This phenomenon is described as a frequent occurrence wherever ice has moved across level ground.

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under the term “Drift.” Now the limestone drift of south Limerick and north Cork, and the blocks of Limerick traps have been everywhere carried southward both on to the Coal Measures, in the country west of Charleville, and on to the Old Red Sandstone east of the same town ; and the sand¬ stone debris of the Ballyhoura hills (S.E. of Charleville) has, in its turn, been carried over the limestone south of those hills. In the demesne of Miltown Castle, a few miles westward of Charle¬ ville, the vertical beds of rock have their edges forced over to the south. This is a very frequent phenomenon in other dis¬ tricts, and wherever it occurs on level ground the direction in which the edges of the beds have been bent always agrees with that of the ice-movement in the neighbourhood. This phenomenon is unquestionably the effect of the ice, and it is to be taken as part of its traces. This ice, having passed the constraint of the Galtees and the Knockmealdown mountains (for these seem not to have been centres of dispersion), and probably now feeling the pressure of that from Kerry, would necessarily turn somewhat eastward, and cross east Cork, moving towards S.S.E. This is the direction of some scorings at the railway cutting near Fermoy, and we may venture to predict that the general course of the normal undeflected glacial striations in that district will be found to be in that direction.
Many of the large blocks of rock which are now perched in the hills, as well as low grounds, must have been moved by the land ice (though some, particularly bhe yfor- transported ones, must have been moved otherwise, as we shall see presently). There are many instances of these, too numerous to mention. There are two very large ones close to Dumnanway, one of which is called the White Horse Rock. The largest of all probably is the one standing beside the Ship Lough, two and a-half miles W.N.W. of Dunmanway ; it is called the Ship Rock, and has a legend attached to it. Its measurement, roughly taken, is 40 x 25 x 16 feet; its weight must be 1,100 or 1,200 tons.

Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 366

As the companion tells it

As you pass through or near Charleville, there is evidence of something ancient written in the stone. The limestone drift of south Limerick and north Cork, and the blocks of Limerick traps, were carried everywhere southward, both onto the Coal Measures in the country west of Charleville, and onto the Old Red Sandstone east of the same town. The sandstone debris of the Ballyhoura hills, south-east of Charleville, was in its turn carried over the limestone south of those hills. In the demesne of Miltown Castle, a few miles west of Charleville, the vertical beds of rock have their edges forced over to the south. This is a very frequent phenomenon in other districts, and wherever it occurs on level ground, the direction in which the edges of the beds have been bent always agrees with that of the ice-movement in the neighbourhood. This phenomenon is unquestionably the effect of the ice, and it is to be taken as part of its traces. The ice, having passed the constraint of the Galtees and the Knockmealdown mountains, for these seem not to have been centres of dispersion, and probably now feeling the pressure of that from Kerry, would necessarily turn somewhat eastward, and cross east Cork, moving towards south-south-east. This is the direction of some scorings at the railway cutting near Fermoy. Many of the large blocks of rock now perched in the hills and low grounds must have been moved by the land ice. There are many instances, too numerous to mention. There are two very large ones close to Dunmanway, one of which is called the White Horse Rock. The largest of all probably stands beside the Ship Lough, two and a half miles west-north-west of Dunmanway. It is called the Ship Rock, and has a legend attached to it. Its measurement, roughly taken, is 40 by 25 by 16 feet, and its weight must be 1,100 or 1,200 tons.

Irish gathered at hill of Lismore against English force

Lismore · town · Waterford · 1178

After leaving Cork towards Waterford, the English party was met by the Irish who gathered against them at the hill of Lismore and nearly killed them all.

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“ A. I). 1 1 78. Corke was plundered by the grandson of Donnell, who was the grandson of Carthach, and the Green Galls. Corke was besieged by Milo Cogan and Fitz Stephen. A party of their people made an excursion to Aghadoe, where they remained two days and two nights, and then returned again to Cork. After this they went towards Waterford, but the Irish gathered against them at the hill of Lismore, and nearly killed them all.”
Dr. O’Brien, in his History of the House of O'Briens , published by Yallancey, in his own name, in the first volume of the Collectanea de Rebus Hibernicus , thus very correctly paraphrases this passage : —

Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 110

As the companion tells it

The town of Lismore, in Waterford. In 1178, Cork had been plundered, then besieged by Milo Cogan and Fitz Stephen. A party of their people made an excursion to Aghadoe, where they stayed two days and two nights before returning to Cork. After this they set out towards Waterford. But the Irish gathered against them at the hill of Lismore, and nearly killed them all.

Kinsale citizens compelled to oath of allegiance

Kinsale · town · Cork · 1498

In October 1498, the Earl of Kildare caused the principal citizens and inhabitants of Kinsale to take the oath of allegiance to King Henry and obliged them to enter into bonds and pledges for their future loyalty, due to their support for Perkin Warbeck.

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In October, 1498, the Earl of Kildare marched to Cork, and placed a strong garrison in the city, because of the dis¬ obedience of the citizens in affording assistance to Perkin Warbeck. The same month he caused the principal citizens, and the inhabitants of Kinsale, to take the oath of allegiance to King Henry, and obliged them to enter into bonds and pledges for their future loyalty.
In November, Perkin Warbeck and his friend, John

Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 149

As the companion tells it

You're passing through Kinsale now. Back in October 1498, the Earl of Kildare marched to Cork and put a strong garrison in the city, because the citizens had helped Perkin Warbeck. That same month he came here and made the principal citizens and inhabitants of Kinsale swear the oath of allegiance to King Henry. They had to enter into bonds and pledges for their future loyalty, all because they had backed Warbeck.

Knockanaffrin in the Cummeragh range

Knockanaffrin · townland · Waterford

Knockanaffrin, one of the highest hills of the Cummeragh range in Waterford, preserves the memory of open-air Mass celebration in its name. It is also known as Knocknafreeny, near Ardmore in the same county.

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Sometimes the lonely side of a hill was chosen, and the people remember well, and will point out to the visitor the very spot on which the priest stood, while the crowd of peasants worshipped below. One of these hills is in the parish of* Kilmore, county Roscommon, and it has left its name on the townland of Ardanaffrin, the height of the Mass. Another in the parish of Donoghmore, county Donegal, called Corraffrin (cor, a round hill) ; a third in the parish of Kilcommon, Mayo, namely — Drumanaffrin ; a fourth in Cavan, Mullanaffrin (mullach, a summit); and still another, Knockanaffrin, in Waterford, one of the highest hills of the Cummeragh range, which name is made ixnocknafreeny, near Ardmore, in the same county.
Many other names of like formation are to be met with, such as Glenanaffrin, Carriganaffrin, etc. Occasionally the name records the simple fact that the Mass was celebrated, as we find in a place called Effrinagh, in the parish of Iviltoghert, Leitrim, a name which signifies simply a place for Mass. And sometimes a translated name occurs of the same class, such as Massbrook, in the parish of Addergoole, Mayo, which is a translation of the Irish Sruthanan-Aiffrinn.

Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 390

As the companion tells it

Somewhere around here is Knockanaffrin, one of the highest hills of the Cummeragh range in Waterford. Its name holds the memory of open-air Mass. In times of repression, the lonely side of a hill was sometimes chosen for worship. The people remembered well, and would point out to the visitor the very spot where the priest stood, while the crowd of peasants worshipped below. Knockanaffrin is one of several hills across Ireland whose names preserve this practice. Ardanaffrin in Roscommon means the height of the Mass. Corraffrin in Donegal takes its name from a round hill. Drumanaffrin stands in Mayo. Mullanaffrin is in Cavan, its name from the Irish for a summit. Knockanaffrin in Waterford carries the same meaning, and the name is also made Knocknafreeny, near Ardmore in the same county. Other names of like formation appear elsewhere. Glenanaffrin and Carriganaffrin follow the same pattern. Occasionally a name records simply that Mass was celebrated, as at Effrinagh in Leitrim, which signifies a place for Mass. Sometimes a translated name occurs, such as Massbrook in Mayo, a translation of the Irish Sruthanan-Aiffrinn.

Lord justice marches to Tralee but cannot penetrate beyond Slieveinch

Tralee · town · Kerry · 1580

After proceeding to Teamhair Luachra, the lord justice went to Tralee, described as the scene of so many momentous events. Unable to penetrate the country further than Slieveinch, he resolved instead to lay siege to the Desmond stronghold at Carrigafoyle.

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The lord justice then "passed into Kerry, which, though they had vast tracks of land elsewhere, might be almost called the country of the Geraldines, from the fidility of the Kerrymen to the fortunes of the already falling house. He proceeded to Teamhair Luachra , a name now obsolete, but the site is known by the name of Beal-atha-an Teamhrach, and is a ford in the parish of Dysart, near the town of Castleisland. From thence he went to Tralee, the scene of so many a momentous event, and not being able to penetrate into the country further than Slieveinch, he resolved to lay siege to the Desmond stronghold at Carrigafoyle, which he took.
After a rest of about two months in Limerick, he set out again, and plundered as far as Dingle, taking hostages. Amongst these were Barrymore, the wife and son ^ of Mac Carthy More, the two sons of Mac Maurice of Kerry, 0 Sullivan Beare, Mac Donagh, chief of Duhallow, and the son of Mac

Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 213

As the companion tells it

In 1580, the lord justice passed into Kerry, a county that might almost be called the country of the Geraldines, so loyal were the Kerrymen to the fortunes of that already falling house. He came first to Teamhair Luachra, a name now obsolete, though the site is still known as Beal-atha-an Teamhrach, a ford in the parish of Dysart near Castleisland. From there he went to Tralee, called the scene of so many a momentous event. He could not penetrate the country further than Slieveinch, so instead he laid siege to the Desmond stronghold at Carrigafoyle, and he took it. After resting about two months in Limerick, he set out again and plundered as far as Dingle, taking hostages. Among them were Barrymore, the wife and son of MacCarthy More, the two sons of Mac Maurice of Kerry, O Sullivan Beare, Mac Donagh, chief of Duhallow, and the son of Mac.

Milo de Cogan banished from Dublin, fled to Cork

Dublin · city · Dublin · 1177

In 1177, Milo de Cogan was banished from Dublin by Hugh de Lacy and was forced to flee to Cork. This reflected the feuds among the English barons themselves.

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3. Under the year 1175 we find that Donal Caomhanch and Fitzpatrtck marched from Limerick into Musgary Aodh, and in their rout laid waste with fire and sword Beadach Authe and Culle Grinn ; Diarmod More Mac Carthy came to meet them and concluded a treat . — Annals of lnnisfallen. Under the year. 1177 we find that Milo Cogan was banished from Dublin by Hugh de Lacy, and forced to fly to Corke.

Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 109

As the companion tells it

As you pass through Dublin, this city was the scene of a baron's exile in 1177. Milo de Cogan was banished from Dublin by Hugh de Lacy, and forced to fly to Cork. The episode reflected the feuds that ran among the English barons themselves, turned against one another even as they held Ireland.

O'Coffey residence and castles of Barryroe

Barryroe · townland · Cork

Dun-ui-Chobhthaig in the barony of Barryroe marks the site of the ancient residence of the Ua Cobhthaigh (O'Coffey) family. The barony is studded with seven old castles belonging to the Coffeys: Dundeedy, Dunowen, Dunore, Duneen, Duncowhig, Dunwarley, and Dungarley.

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The barony is studded with old castles, seven of which belonged to the Coffeys, Dundeedy, Dunowen, Dunore, Duneen, Duncowhig, Dunwarley, and Dungarley.
Cape Clear, mentioned in the book of the geneology of Corea Laidhe , thus : — “ Lighain, daughter of Maine, who was the mother of Ciaran of Saighir: he was born at Fintracht-Clerc, and the angels attended upon her. The orders of heaven baptized him. Here was dwelling the chieftain who first believed in the Cross in Ireland, for Ciaran had taken Saighir thirty years before Patrick arrived, as the poets said : —

Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 406

As the companion tells it

Somewhere around here in Barryroe lies Dun-ui-Chobhthaig, the site of the ancient residence of the O'Coffey family. The whole barony is studded with old castles, seven of which belonged to the Coffeys. Their names were Dundeedy, Dunowen, Dunore, Duneen, Duncowhig, Dunwarley, and Dungarley.

O'Driscoll territory narrowed to Cork parishes

Castlehaven · townland · Cork

The baronies of Beare, Bantry, and Carbery formerly belonged to the O'Driscolls, but after the English invasion a branch of the O'Sullivans displaced them. O'Driscoll territory shrank to the parishes of Myross, Castlehaven, Tullagh, Creagh, Kilcoe, Aghadown, and Cape Clear island.

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Beare. — The barony of this as well as the adjoining barony of Bantry, and the lour baronies of Carbery, formerly be¬ longed to the O’Driscolls, but shortly after the English invasion a branch of the O’Sullivans settled in Beare and Bantry, so that O’Driscoll’s territory was narrowed into small districts, comprising the parishes of Myross, Glambaraghane (Castlehaven), Tullagh, Creagh, Kilcoe, Aghadown, and the island of Oleare, in which is included notices of many other ancient Cork families. _ _
PEDIGREE OF THE o’DONOVAN.

Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 400

As the companion tells it

Somewhere close to Castlehaven, the O'Driscolls once held far more than this stretch. The baronies of Beare, Bantry, and the four baronies of Carbery all belonged to them, but after the English invasion a branch of the O'Sullivans settled in and displaced them. O'Driscoll territory shrank to the parishes of Myross, Castlehaven, Tullagh, Creagh, Kilcoe, Aghadown, and Cape Clear island.

Ormond's assembly at Knockloughte near Clonmel

Clonmel · town · Tipperary

The Earl of Ormond assembled his company at Knockloughte, a hill three miles from Clonmel, to defend Tipperary against Desmond's host. From there, he received intelligence regarding the gathering of cattle.

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“That the cause why he assembled that company with him was for the deffence of the contrey of Tipperarie, being advertised from the west that the lord of Desmond had a greate hoste in redyness theare. The assemblie was at Knock - loughte, a hill three myles- distant from Clonmel, and beeing there, a servant of Sir Maurice Fitzgerald’s came into his lord, giving him advertisemente that his men had gathered together the cattle of his contrey, about Drode Ruannaghe, and besought his lord to fetch them away and to salf-keepe them for him in his lord’s contrey w
He then accused the earl of having “ given the first charge,” and says he “toke him in his owne deffence, and lead, him away as pryssoner for the queen’s matie.” 7

Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 196

As the companion tells it

Near Clonmel, at a hill called Knockloughte three miles from the town, the Earl of Ormond assembled his company. He gave his reason: the defence of the country of Tipperary, having been warned from the west that the Lord of Desmond had a great host ready there. While he was at Knockloughte, a servant of Sir Maurice Fitzgerald came to his lord with news. He told him that his men had gathered together the cattle of his country, about Drode Ruannaghe, and he begged his lord to fetch them away and keep them safe for him in his lord's country. Later there was an accusation. He said Ormond had, in his words, "given the first charge," and that he took him in his own defence and led him away as prisoner for the Queen's Majesty.

O'Sullivan lord of Bear and Bantry

Bantry · town · Cork · 1567

A contemporary document describes O'Sullivan as lord of Bere and Bantry, commanding sixteen horsemen, two hundred kerne, and using long galleys. This illustrates the military power of the Gaelic lordship in the Beara peninsula region.

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“ Item. O’Sullivan is lord of Bere and Bantry, and will be xvi. horsemenne, cc. kerne, and useth long gallies.
“ Item. Mag Guyn [Mac Finneen] is lord of Glonough, and will be cc. kerne.

Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 197

As the companion tells it

Coming up through Bantry now. In 1567 a document records O'Sullivan as lord of Bere and Bantry, commanding 16 horsemen and 200 kerne, and using long galleys. It gives you a sense of the military reach of the Gaelic lordship across the Beara peninsula.

Queen Elizabeth honours Cork mayor Maurice Roche

Cork · city · Cork · 1571

In 1571 Queen Elizabeth gave a silver collar of SS to Maurice Roche, mayor of Cork, as a reward for his loyalty to the crown.

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Smith says that “ Sir John Perrott reduced all the Irish in this province to the English habit,” which statement is as true as the succeeding one, that Richard Dixon was deprived of the see for Popery. In 1571 Queen Elizabeth gave a silver collar of SS. to Maurice Roche, mayor of Cork, for his loyalty, a.d.
1575-

Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 202

As the companion tells it

As you pass through Cork, the city holds a quiet mark from 1571. Queen Elizabeth gave a silver collar of SS to Maurice Roche, mayor of Cork, for his loyalty. The book notes too that Sir John Perrott, as Smith put it, "reduced all the Irish in this province to the English habit," a claim it treats as doubtful.

Raymond Le Gros granted part of Kerry

Kerry · county · Kerry

Dermod MacCarthy called Raymond Le Gros to his rescue, and in reward Raymond received part of the kingdom of Kerry, founding the Fitzmaurice family.

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The English invasion of Ireland— Assembly of the Irish clergy in 1 167— Mistaken policy of the English invaders-The Normans in England-Their character from contemporary sources-Dermot Mac Murrough’s career of perfidy and mjustice-He is called a cursed atheist” — Arrival of the Norman nobles in Leland-Strongbow-Maunce I itz- Gerald and Robert Fitz-Stephen— Bargain between Dermod and Strongbow siege of Wexford-Miserable end of the traitor, Dermod Mac Murrough-Landmg of Henry II. at Crook— Roderic, King of Ireland nominally, an incapable prince— Character of the English King— His object the conquest of Ireland by fair means or foul-A recent History of the English in Ireland, and its romantic statements I acts set at defiance, and contemporary history not read— Mr. Froude’s account of the Normans and the accounts given by contemporary historians widely at variance— John of Salisbury’s account— What Thiebault, Count of Champagne, said -Mr. Froude says the conquest was “ peaceful”— All accounts, both English and Irish, say the reverse— He admits the Normans “hammered” the heads of the Celts— Dermod Mac Carthy yields allegiance to Henry II. after some opposition— He is rewarded by having his kingdom confiscated— Quarrel between Dermod and his son— He calls Raymond Le Gros to the rescue— Raymond in reward gets part of the kingdom of Kerry, and founds the family of Fitzmaurice, now Marquis of Lansdowne.
he History of the English invasion of Ireland in the twelfth century is one of the most important events in our national annals. The effects of this invasion are felt to the present day, and probably will be felt for centuries to come. So much political and religious controversy has been mixed up with the whole subject, that an impartial account of what has occurred has scarcely been given, and yet all the main facts are undeniable.

Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 98

As the companion tells it

As the road carries you through Kerry, this county carries an old story of how a family began here. Dermod MacCarthy yielded allegiance to Henry the Second after some opposition. His reward was to have his kingdom confiscated. Then came a quarrel between Dermod and his son. Dermod called Raymond Le Gros to the rescue. Raymond came, and for his help he received part of the kingdom of Kerry. From that grant he founded the family of Fitzmaurice, who became the Marquis of Lansdowne. The book that records this says the history of the English invasion of Ireland in the twelfth century is one of the most important events in the national annals. It says the effects are felt to the present day and probably will be felt for centuries to come. The same passage warns that so much political and religious controversy has been mixed up with the whole subject that an impartial account has scarcely been given, yet all the main facts are undeniable. Dermod MacCarthy stands in this record as a man who gave his allegiance and lost his kingdom for it. Raymond Le Gros stands as the man who took part of that kingdom as his price. The Fitzmaurice name, and the title of Marquis of Lansdowne, trace back to that transaction in Kerry. A county passed through on the road, and a family rooted in it by a grant made in the twelfth century.

Religious liberty outrages at Waterford, Ross, and Limerick

Waterford · city · Waterford · 1605–1606

Following the renewal of penal statutes, similar outrages on religious liberty to those in Dublin were perpetrated at Waterford, Ross, and Limerick. Citizens were asked to attend the Protestant church once but many refused.

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The penal statutes were renewed, and enforced with in¬ creased severity. Several members of the Corporation and some of the principal citizens of Dublin were sent to prison ; similiar outrages on religious liberty were perpetrated at Waterford, Ross, and Limerick. In some cases these gentle¬ men were only asked to attend the Protestant church once, but they nobly refused to act against their conscience even once, though it should procure them freedom from imprison¬ ment, or even death. The Vicar-Apostolic of Waterford and Lismore wrote a detailed account of the sufferings of the Irish nation for the faith at this period to Cardinal Baronius. His letter is dated “Waterford, 1st of May, 1606.” He says : — “ There is scarcely a spot were Catholics can find a safe retreat. The impious soldiery, by day and night, pursue the defenceless priests, and mercilessly persecute them. Up to the present
348

Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 283

As the companion tells it

Through 1605 and 1606, the penal statutes were renewed and enforced with increased severity. Members of the Corporation and principal citizens of Dublin were sent to prison. Similar outrages on religious liberty were perpetrated at Waterford, Ross, and Limerick. In some cases these gentlemen were only asked to attend the Protestant church once, but they refused to act against their conscience even once, though it should procure them freedom from imprisonment, or even death. The Vicar-Apostolic of Waterford and Lismore wrote a detailed account of the sufferings of the Irish nation for the faith to Cardinal Baronius. His letter is dated Waterford, 1st of May, 1606. He wrote: 'There is scarcely a spot where Catholics can find a safe retreat. The impious soldiery, by day and night, pursue the defenceless priests, and mercilessly persecute them.'

Richard de Carew built seven castles in County Cork

Cork · city · Cork · 1199

Richard de Carew, described as a man of great power and name in the kingdom, died this year having built seven castles in County Cork.

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“ This year died Richard de Carew, a man of great power and name in this kingdom, who built seven al castles in this county.
AD “John Despenser was made Provost of Cork, and he

Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 112

As the companion tells it

In 1199, Richard de Carew died. The record calls him a man of great power and name in this kingdom. He built seven castles in County Cork. That same year, John Despenser was made Provost of Cork.

Ruins of Baltimore Castle (Dun na Sead)

Baltimore · town · Cork · 1215

The castle of Dun na Sead (Baltimore), erected by Sleviny, was anciently called Dun na Sead. Its ruins are shown on ordnance map sheet 150 at Baltimore village.

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The castles of Dunnagall and Dun na Sead (Baltimore), by Sleviny. The ruins of the former are marked on the ordnance map of the county of Cork, sheet 150, on Ringarogy Island, in the parish of Creagh, in the east division of the barony of West Carbery ; and the ruins of the castles of Baltimore, which was anciently called Dun na p6ao, are shown on the same sheet at Baltimore village.
The castle of Traigh-bhaile, near the harbour of Cuan Dor (Glandore), was erected by Barrett. This castle was afterwards called Cloghatrad - Y ally, and belonged to Donnell na Carton O’Donovan, chief of Clann-Loughlin, who died on the 10th of May, 1580, and to his son, and grandson. It was situated in the townland of Aghatubridmore, in the parish of Kilfaughnabeg, and is now generally called Glandore Castle.

Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 117

As the companion tells it

Up ahead is Baltimore, where the ruins of a castle still stand at the village. It was built by Sleviny around 1215 and was anciently called Dun na Sead. The ordnance map marks these ruins on sheet 150, right at Baltimore itself.

Sir Thomas Norreys slain at Kilteely, 1599

Kilteely · town · Limerick · 1599

Sir Thomas Norreys, President of Munster, was killed by Thomas Burke at Kilteely, County Limerick, in July 1599.

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4. President of Munster ; he was slain by Thomas Burke, at Kilteely, Co. Limerick, July, 1599-
192 THE PEOPLE REFUSING TO GIVE UP THE MASS.

Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 168

As the companion tells it

Kilteely is the town the road passes through. In July 1599, Sir Thomas Norreys, President of Munster, was slain here by Thomas Burke.

St. Fachtna as abbot of Molana at mouth of Blackwater

Durnish · townland · Limerick · 500–599

Tradition mentioned by Lynch holds that St. Fachtna, before proceeding to Ross, was abbot of a monastery called Molana, situated on the islet of Dairinis at the mouth of the Blackwater. This may have caused confusion with another Molana in Hy-Kinselagh.

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1. Archdall's Monasticon , new edition, p. 143. — St. Fachtna is commemorated in all our ancient Martyrologies on the 14th of August. The entry in the Martyrology of Donegal on the 14th of August seems, however, at first sight to exclude St. Fachtna from the See of Ross. The whole entry for that day is as follows : — “ Fachtna, Bishop and Abbot of Dairinis Maclanfaidh, in Hy-Ceimselach ; forty-six years was his age,, and he was of the race of Lughaidh, son of Ith, according to the Seanchus, Echlech, Cnimmea, and Caemhan, three sons of Daighre, Broeadh, Dinil.” — (Martyrology of Donegal , page. 219.) Thus all mention is omitted of Rossailithir. There is, however, some confusion in this entry, owing probably to a transposition of names. We are, happily, able to detect the error by the correspondent entry in Martyrology of Tallaght, as preserved in the Roman fragment of the Book of Leinster, which is as follows : — “XIX. Kalendas Septembris, Fachtna Mac Mongan O Ros- Ailithir : Dinil Macintsair Mac-Intsaeir, Episcopas et Abbas Darinsi Maclianfeid Broceain Mac Lugdach, Cummini, Coemin Aicelig.” Thus it was not St. Fachtna who was abbot of Darinis Molana in Hy-Kinnselagh, but St. Mac-am-Isaer. What possibly gave occasion to this confusion of names was the tradition mentioned by Lynch, that St. Fachtna, before proceeding to Ross, was abbot of another monastery called also Molana, situate on the islet of Daisinis, at the mouth of the Blackwater.
2. Archdall's Monasticon, new edition, p. 145. See for details of archrelogical interest under the word Ross in the topographical part of this work.

Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 83

As the companion tells it

Somewhere close to Durnish, there is a tradition worth hearing. Lynch recorded that St. Fachtna, before he went to Ross, was abbot of a monastery called Molana, on the islet of Dairinis at the mouth of the Blackwater. That tradition may be the reason for a long-standing confusion in the old martyrologies. St. Fachtna is commemorated on the 14th of August in the ancient Martyrologies. The entry in the Martyrology of Donegal for that day says, "Fachtna, Bishop and Abbot of Dairinis Maclanfaidh, in Hy-Ceimselach; forty-six years was his age, and he was of the race of Lughaidh, son of Ith." It omits all mention of Rossailithir, which is Ross. But the corresponding entry in the Martyrology of Tallaght, preserved in the Roman fragment of the Book of Leinster, puts the matter right. It was not St. Fachtna who was abbot of Darinis Molana in Hy-Kinnselagh. It was St. Mac-am-Isaer. What gave occasion to the confusion was the tradition that Fachtna had been abbot of another Molana, the one on the islet of Dairinis at the mouth of the Blackwater, before he proceeded to Ross. Two monasteries with the same name, and a transposition of names in the records, left the question tangled for centuries.

St. Molagga's church at Timoleague

Timoleague · town · Cork · 1200–1300

St. Molagga is said to have founded a church at Timoleague, where a noble Franciscan abbey was later erected in the thirteenth century. The saint's memory was venerated in many places in the south of Ireland.

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The memory of the saint is still venerated in. many places in the South of Ireland. At Timoleague, where a noble Franciscan abbey was erected in the thirteenth century, St. Molagga is said to have founded a church also. According to tradition he was buried at Leabha Mologga, and his feast was kept both at Trulach-Mkin in Munster, and. at Lannbeehuir in Leinster.
The place called At/i-Cros-Molaga , between Mitchelstown and Kildorrery, Co. Cork, is named after him, and Eidham Malaga was the ancient name for St. Molagga : Church near Marshalstown, Co. Cork.

Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 49

As the companion tells it

Coming up through Timoleague in Cork. St. Molagga is said to have founded a church here, and later, in the thirteenth century, a noble Franciscan abbey was erected on the site. His memory was venerated in many places across the south of Ireland. Tradition holds he was buried at Leabha Mologga, and his feast was kept both at Trulach-Mkin in Munster and at Lannbeehuir in Leinster.

Underground stream and cave at Midleton

Midleton · town · Cork

A cave and an underground stream are found near Midleton, formed by the dissolution of limestone by rainwater charged with carbonic acid. These features illustrate the special denudation processes affecting limestone districts.

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of the cave). There is another near Midleton, where there is also an underground stream. There are celebrated caves at the Ovens (this name being a corruption of Uamhainn, the cave) seven miles westward of Cork. These have winding alleys and crossing branches, sometimes broad enough for six or eight persons to walk abreast. They can be penetrated for about a quarter of a mile from the entrance. They are lined with stalactitic incrustations. The famous caves of Mitchelstown may be here mentioned, as some people imagine them to. be in this county, the village from which they are named being within its northern boundary, though they themselves are just outside, in Tipperary. They are half-way between Mitchels¬ town and Caher. There are two sets of them : the western
_ that of Skeeheenarinka — has long beery known ; the eastern

Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 348

As the companion tells it

As you pass through or near Midleton, there is a cave here, and with it an underground stream. The record names no one connected with it, gives no date, and tells no event. It simply notes the cave and the stream together, as features of this limestone country, where rainwater charged with carbonic acid has dissolved the rock over time. These are signs of the special denudation processes that shape limestone districts, eating passages into the stone and sending water underground where you would expect it to run above. The book mentions other caves nearby, at the Ovens, seven miles west of Cork, and the famous caves of Mitchelstown. But for Midleton itself, the record holds only this: a cave, and beneath it, an underground stream.

Cuanna Mac Cailchine, chief of Fermoy, renowned for hospitality

Fermoy · townland · Cork · 600–700

Cuanna Mac Cailchine, chief of Feara Muighe (Fermoy) in the seventh century, was celebrated for his hospitality and munificence. His race also produced two saints venerated in Munster, Mochuille and Molaga.

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horns. He is entitled the “ swift hero,” but whether this honourable appellation was generic or individual remains unproved. It is at least certain that Cuanna Mac Cailchine , who was chief of Feaia Muighe in the seventh century, was famous for hospitality and munificence, and the same race gave two saints to Munster, Mochuille and Molaga.6
The O’Heas ( O' h- A odha) came from Muscraidhe Luachra » the country of the O’Heas, on the borders of the Blackwater fAbhainn Mhor). This district obtained its name from its contiguity to' the mountains of Sliabh Luachra in Kerry.

Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 29

As the companion tells it

Close to Fermoy, in the 600s, a chief named Cuanna Mac Cailchine ruled this territory, then called Feara Muighe. He was famous for hospitality and munificence. The same race produced two saints venerated in Munster, Mochuille and Molaga. A title "swift hero" appears in the old records, though whether that name belonged to Cuanna himself or was a general honour remains unproved. What is certain is that Cuanna Mac Cailchine, chief here in the seventh century, was celebrated for what he gave.

Young Earl Desmond's complaint about Cork

Cork · city · Cork

The young Earl of Desmond complained about his reception in Cork, noting the town had 'so great a charter, so little honesty.' His grievance was that he could not get a good supper and that the mayor was not over civil, prompting Cecil to write indignantly to Carew about the treatment.

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But his experience of Cork is not so favourable. The town,” he says, and we wonder he had the wit to make the observation, “ has so great a charter, so little honesty,” but the grievance was that he could not get a good supper, and
I

Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 264

As the companion tells it

Cork did not impress the young Earl of Desmond. He found a city with, in his words, "so great a charter, so little honesty." His complaint was plain enough: he could not get a good supper there, and the mayor was not over civil. Cecil wrote indignantly to Carew about the treatment.

Forts of Cork and Waterford made defensible

Cork · city · Cork · 1625–1629

During Sir Edward Villiers' government, French and Spanish threats of descent on Ireland exposed the neglected state of the forts of Cork and Waterford. The Earl of Cork lent £500 to the Lord President to render these forts defensible.

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appointment of Sir Edward Villiers on the 27th of May. During his government the French and Spaniards gave out that in revenge for the expedition to Rochelle they would make a descent on Ireland, The forts of Cork and Waterford having been quite neglected, the Earl of Cork lent ^500 to the Lord President Villiers, with which these forts were made defensible. When Lord Wimbleton arrived at Kmsale with the king’s forces, Lord Cork took ten companies of foot, many of them being weak and wounded, and lodged and dieted them near three months upon his tenants. He supplied the general with ^500, and entertained him and all his ofhcers nobly at Lismore.”
It is to be feared that Lord Cork’s tenants did not see the exact “nobility” of entertaining officers at their expense, or supplying a general1 with ^500, for which additional taxes were put on them,

Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 280

As the companion tells it

Near Cork, the forts stood neglected when Sir Edward Villiers took government on the 27th of May. During his time the French and Spaniards gave out that in revenge for the expedition to Rochelle they would make a descent on Ireland. The forts of Cork and Waterford had been quite neglected, so the Earl of Cork lent 500 to the Lord President Villiers, and with that these forts were made defensible. When Lord Wimbleton arrived at Kinsale with the king's forces, Lord Cork took ten companies of foot, many of them weak and wounded, and lodged and dieted them near three months upon his tenants. He supplied the general with 500, and entertained him and all his officers nobly at Lismore. It is to be feared that Lord Cork's tenants did not see the exact nobility of it, for additional taxes were put on them.

James Fitz Maurice dies at Rathkeale, 1534

Rathkeale · town · Limerick · 1534

James Fitz Maurice, who died in 1529, was succeeded by Thomas Maol ('The Bald'), uncle of Maurice and son of Thomas who was beheaded at Drogheda. Thomas Maol died at an advanced age at Rathkeale in 1534.

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the unfortunate Thomas, who was beheaded at Drogheda. He died at an advanced age, at Rathkeale, in 15 34. James, the thirteenth earl, was grandson of Thomas the last earl — a fact which may give the reader some idea of the difficulty a historian must encounter in tracing out the Desmond pedigree, superadding the confusion involved in similiarity of name, shortness of tenure, and extreme confusion of those who have written on the subject, and who have in many instances made the most contradictory statements.
James had been educated in England, whither he had been sent as a hostage. On hearing that he was heir to the Desmond title and property, he requested permission of the “King’s Majesty” to take possession of the “lands and territorys, and quietly to settle his affayres.” How little he could have anticipated his fate when he set forth on his journey with a troop of friends and soldiers. He landed at Youghal, August 7, 1535, but as he passed “ through the Lord Roch, Viscount of Fermoy, his country,” an ambush was laid for him by his treacherous kinsman, Maurice — known, from this and other crimes, as Maurice the Murderer, or “ Maurice Dubh ” (the black). There can be no doubt that the object of this ambush was solely to murder the young earl. As soon as the bloody deed had been effected, all his followers were allowed to escape unhurt.9

Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 135

As the companion tells it

Rathkeale is a town you pass through in Limerick. In 1534, Thomas Maol died here at an advanced age. His father, also called Thomas, had been beheaded at Drogheda. Thomas Maol was succeeded by James, the thirteenth earl, who was grandson of Thomas the last earl. The Desmond pedigree is hard to trace because of the similarity of names, the shortness of tenure, and the contradictory statements made by those who have written on the subject. James had been educated in England, where he was sent as a hostage. When he learned he was heir to the Desmond title and property, he asked the King's Majesty for permission to take possession of his "lands and territorys, and quietly to settle his affayres." He set out with a troop of friends and soldiers, and landed at Youghal on August 7, 1535. But as he passed through the country of the Lord Roch, Viscount of Fermoy, his kinsman Maurice laid an ambush. Maurice was known from this and other crimes as Maurice the Murderer, or Maurice Dubh, the black. The ambush was meant solely to murder the young earl. Once the bloody deed was done, all his followers were allowed to escape unhurt.

Cork burned and Brigown plundered by Danes

Brigown · townland · Cork

During the Danish invasions, Cork was burned again and the monastery at Bri-Gobhann (Brigown) was plundered.

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The first Danish invasion — Cloyne and Ross devastated — Cogadh Gall re Gaedhil — Extracts from this Work — Cork plundered — Innishannon, on the river Bandon — Curious prophecies — Bec- Mac-De — Prophecy of St. Bercan — Death of Cucaech, Abbot of Cloyne — Death of the Abbot of Kinneigh — Carbery — Rosscarbery — the Wood of the Pilgrims— Cork burned again — Bri-Gobhann (Brigown) plundered — Drowning of Turgesius, the Danish champion — Slaughter of the Danes by the men of Munster — Plunder of Cloyne, Ross, and Kenmare — Fight between the Black and White Gentiles — Death of Columb, Abbot of Cork — The Abbots of Cork and Lismore mortally.^ wounded by the Danes —
Death ot another Abbot ol Cork — Forty years of comparative

Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 5

As the companion tells it

Somewhere around here, at Brigown, a monastery was plundered during the Danish invasions. The record lists it among a chain of attacks. Cork was burned again. Before that, Cloyne and Ross were devastated. After Brigown, the record tells of the drowning of Turgesius, a Danish champion, and a slaughter of the Danes by the men of Munster. Cloyne, Ross, and Kenmare were plundered. The Black and White Gentiles fought each other. Columb, Abbot of Cork, was killed. The Abbots of Cork and Lismore were mortally wounded by the Danes. Another Abbot of Cork died.

Four Masters describe Desmond's domain from Dunquin to Waterford

near Dunquin · parish · Kerry

The Four Masters praised Earl James's just rule, lamenting his loss and declaring there was no need for watchtowers or closed doors from Dun-caoin (Dunquin) in Kerry to the meeting of the three waters near Waterford. This description delineates the vast extent of Desmond's jurisdiction across Munster.

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“ The loss of this good man was woeful to his country, for there was no watch castle, or close doors, from Dun-caoin in Kerry to the green-bordered meeting of the three waters, on the confines of the province of Eochaidh, the son of Luchta, and Leinster.”6
It is no matter of surprise, when such contradictory opinions are given in ancient records as to the lives of public men, that contradictory opinions should be expressed by those who

Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 193

As the companion tells it

The Four Masters wrote of the peace Earl James brought across these lands. His loss, they said, was woeful to his country. In his time there was "no watch castle, or close doors, from Dun-caoin in Kerry to the green-bordered meeting of the three waters" near Waterford. That stretch marks the full reach of Desmond's rule across Munster, and the old chronicle tells us you could travel it without fear.

George II charter grants fairs at the Lough, Cork

The Lough · electoral division · Cork

The final charter, that of George II, gave the Corporation of Cork licence to hold two fairs annually at a place called the Lough.

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“The final charter — that of George II. — gives licence to the Corporation to hold two fairs annually at a place called the Lough.
“ Under these charters the government of the city was vested in a mayor, two sheriffs, a recorder, an unlimited number of aldermen, (persons who had served the office of mayor), and twenty-four burgesses, who formed the common council, dhe election of mayors and sheriffs hitherto had been vested in the freemen, under the title of the ‘ Friendly Club.’ The election took place annually, on the first Monday of July, three months before entering on office. It was managed by a kind of lottery. The names of all the resident burgesses were thrown into hat in open court, five of which being drawn out by a charity-boy the senior in point of service was declared the mayor elect, and the selection was supported of necessity by the votes of the freemen.

Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 409

As the companion tells it

The Lough is a place the road passes through near Cork, and it gave its name to a grant made under the final charter of the city. That charter, from George II, gave the Corporation of Cork licence to hold two fairs annually at a place called the Lough. Under these charters the government of the city was vested in a mayor, two sheriffs, a recorder, an unlimited number of aldermen, and twenty-four burgesses, who formed the common council. The election of mayors and sheriffs had been vested in the freemen, under the title of the Friendly Club. The election took place annually, on the first Monday of July, three months before entering on office. It was managed by a kind of lottery. The names of all the resident burgesses were thrown into a hat in open court, five being drawn out by a charity-boy. The senior in point of service was declared the mayor elect.

A history of the city and county of Cork

The stories, best first

Timoleague Abbey repaired by Catholics

Walter Raleigh sails from Cork harbour

Warning sent from Castlemaine

Abbey of St. Finbar at Gill Abbey, Cork

Sir Charles Vavasor arrives at Youghal

Alternative murder sites at Kilflyn and Mushera

Altore Cross Roads near Inchigeelagh

Auliff O'Donovan slain in county Cork, 1301

Ballincollig gunpowder mills and Barrett's castle

Ballybeg Abbey and transferred remains

Ballybeg Priory ruins near Buttevant

Barrett's Castle near Ballincollig described

Beile festivals at Clontinty near Cork

Breada man-of-war blown up in Cork harbour

Call for naval pinnaces on the Shannon

Carew's march route from Cork to Dunboy through Munster towns

Castle of Dunnagall on Ringarogy Island

Church founded at Ross Beg by Mochuda's brethren

Cloyne as ancient burial place of Ireland's elite

Copper mines at Allihies in Berehaven

Corcair river sinks into limestone in Doneraile

Cork common council excludes Catholic freemen

Cromwell sails for England from Youghal

Danish invasion devastates Cloyne

Danvers sent against the Geraldines, arrives at Tralee

Desmond departs woods near Castleisland

Dreadful pestilence in Cork city

Dromdaleague priest and Catholic schooling

Earl James Desmond died at Askeaton

Edward I charter frees Cork mayors from Dublin oath

English Parliament Prohibits Irish Woollen Exports

Famine of bread and much rain in 889

Fore, Kells, and Louth laid waste by the Saxons

Franciscan abbey ruins near Bantry

Ice-bent rock beds at Miltown Castle demesne

Irish gathered at hill of Lismore against English force

Kinsale citizens compelled to oath of allegiance

Knockanaffrin in the Cummeragh range

Lord justice marches to Tralee but cannot penetrate beyond Slieveinch

Milo de Cogan banished from Dublin, fled to Cork

O'Coffey residence and castles of Barryroe

O'Driscoll territory narrowed to Cork parishes

Ormond's assembly at Knockloughte near Clonmel

O'Sullivan lord of Bear and Bantry

Queen Elizabeth honours Cork mayor Maurice Roche

Raymond Le Gros granted part of Kerry

Religious liberty outrages at Waterford, Ross, and Limerick

Richard de Carew built seven castles in County Cork

Ruins of Baltimore Castle (Dun na Sead)

Sir Thomas Norreys slain at Kilteely, 1599

St. Fachtna as abbot of Molana at mouth of Blackwater

St. Molagga's church at Timoleague

Underground stream and cave at Midleton

Cuanna Mac Cailchine, chief of Fermoy, renowned for hospitality

Young Earl Desmond's complaint about Cork

Forts of Cork and Waterford made defensible

James Fitz Maurice dies at Rathkeale, 1534

Cork burned and Brigown plundered by Danes

Four Masters describe Desmond's domain from Dunquin to Waterford

George II charter grants fairs at the Lough, Cork