A history of the city and county of Cork

Each story keeps the passage it was read from. Open one to read it as the scan has it, and, where the companion has written its own telling, that too. The passages are read off photographs of the page by machine, so a word here and there comes out wrong; they are kept as the reading produced them, so you can check any of them against the scan.

1. Lord Muskery's camp at Rochfordstown repulsed

   Rochfordstown · townland · Cork · 1642

   Lord Muskery invaded Cork and established his camp at Rochfordstown, but his troops were soon repulsed with great loss during the Confederate Wars.

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   The Lord Justice had taken the rebel side also, and no quarter was the word, even before Cromwell came. The Irish attacked Bandon, under Mac Carthy Reagh, on the 1 8th July, 1642, and were repulsed with great slaughter, and the prisoners executed with the usual barbarity. About the same time Sir Charles Vavasor arrived in Youghal with a thousand men, and Cork was invaded by Lord Muskery. His camp was at Rochfordstown, but his troops were soon repulsed with great loss.

   The Parliamentary army were in such need of money, that they seized ^4,000, which Sir Robert Tynte was prudently despatching to England. He was, however, well recompensed afterwards. Lord Cork complained, pathetically, that whereas his income once had been fifty pounds a day, he had not now fifty pence a week.

   Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 291

   As the companion tells it

   Somewhere close to Rochfordstown, Lord Muskery made his camp in 1642 when he invaded Cork. His troops were soon repulsed with great loss. This was the Confederate Wars, when the Lord Justice had taken the rebel side and no quarter was the word, even before Cromwell came. About the same time, the Irish attacked Bandon under Mac Carthy Reagh on the 18th of July, 1642, and were repulsed with great slaughter. The prisoners were executed with the usual barbarity. Sir Charles Vavasor arrived in Youghal with 1,000 men around then. The Parliamentary army seized 4,000 that Sir Robert Tynte was sending to England, though he was recompensed afterwards. Lord Cork complained that where his income had once been 50 pounds a day, he had not now 50 pence a week.

2. Lough Allua near Inchigeelagh

   near Lough Allua · lake or lakes · Cork

   Lough Allua lies west of Inchigeelagh and is fed by the river Lee. It is three miles long and half a mile broad, with wild and dreary scenery; a new road was lately made on its northern side.

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   Lough Allua lies to the west of Inchigeela. The river Lee flows into this lake. It is three miles in length, and about half a mile in breadth. The scenery is wild and dreary. A new road has been made lately on the northern side.

   Allo. — The ancient name of part of the river Blackwater, and of a small river flowing into the Blackwater through Kanturk. (See Mallow.)

   Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 389

   As the companion tells it

   Lough Allua lies west of Inchigeelagh, and the river Lee flows into it. The lake runs three miles long and half a mile broad. The scenery here is wild and dreary. A new road has been made lately on the northern side.

3. O'Keeffes of Glanworth, barony of Fermoy

   Glanworth · town · Cork

   Gleann Amhnach (modern Glanworth), in the barony of Fermoy, Co. Cork, was the district of the O'Keeffes (O'Caoimh), who had their own king or prince receiving tribute of seven shields and seven swords. The Duggans (O'Dubhagain) were their neighbours in Fermoy before the English invasion.

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   Gleann Amhnach had then its own king or prince, to whom seven shields and seven swords were given as tribute,5 and no doubt he headed the O’Keeffes ( O'Caoimh ), whose district was Gleanna Amhnach , the present Gian worth, in the barony of Fermoy, Co. Cork. The Duggans ( O' Dub hag ain ) were their neighbours, and before the English invasion these two tribes possessed Fermoy, Condons and Clongibbons. The boundary between them cannot be determined precisely now, but the O’Duggans’ country was between O'Caoimh and the Ui Fidhghente. After the English invasion the country of Feara Muighe Feine was granted to the Flemings, from whom it passed to the Roches, and was called Crioch Riosteach , or “ Roche’s country.” The Duggans claim descent from the celebrated Druid Mogh Ruith . His descendant, who

   5. Book of Rights, p. 79. See also Fermoy in topographical part of present work, and Illustrated History, new edition, p. 240,

   Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 28

   As the companion tells it

   Glanworth was once Gleann Amhnach, and it had its own king or prince. The Book of Rights records that this ruler received a tribute of seven shields and seven swords. He no doubt headed the O'Keeffes, whose district this was, in the barony of Fermoy, County Cork. The Duggans were their neighbours, and before the English invasion these two tribes possessed Fermoy, Condons and Clongibbons. The boundary between them cannot be determined precisely now, but the O'Duggans' country lay between O'Caoimh and the Ui Fidhghente. After the English invasion the country of Feara Muighe Feine was granted to the Flemings, from whom it passed to the Roches, and was called Crioch Riosteach, or, in the words of the source, "Roche's country." The Duggans claim descent from the celebrated Druid Mogh Ruith.

4. White Friars monastery ruins in Kinsale

   Kinsale · town · Cork · 1350

   The Prior Stephen Prene obtained a quarter of land in Lischan from Robert Fitz-Richard in 1350. Part of the White Friars monastery ruins still remained in the north end of Kinsale at the time of writing.

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   house ; but Stephen Prene, the Prior of it, obtained in the year 1350 a quarter of land in Lischan, from Robert bitz- Richard, Balrayne. Part of the ruins of this monastery still remain in the north end of the town.

   “ In an inquisition taken in the town of Rosscarbery on the 8th of April, in the reign of James II., we find it set down that the town of Kyngsale was wont to appoint an adimral for the fishing season, and then he and the lord did join m setting the order for the fishing, and keep admirals court every' Monday, and all pecuniary punishments for treating the orders agreed upon were to be equally divided between the lord and the admiral.”

   Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 434

   As the companion tells it

   Up in the north end of Kinsale, part of the White Friars monastery still stands in ruin. In 1350, the prior Stephen Prene obtained a quarter of land in Lischan from Robert Fitz-Richard. Not much more than that survives in the record.

5. 14th-century diocese of Cloyne rent-roll and castle of Kilmaclenine

   Kilmaclenine · townland · Cork · 1364

   A 1364 rent-roll of the Bishop of Cloyne lists tenants and lands pertaining to the manor and castle of Kilmaclenine in the territory of Muscry Donegan. The lands named include Buttevant, Coolincy, Churchtown, Kilbolane, Tullylease, Kilbrin, Subulter, and Clonmeen, spanning the present baronies of Orrery and Duhallow.

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   Rents of his lordship the bishop of Cloyne, pertaining in parts of M us cry D oneycui to the manor and castle of Kilmaclenine, paid by all the undermentioned tenants in the time of the venerable father, the Lord John de Swafham, then bishop of Cloyne, a.d 1364. Here follow a list of tenants, their lands and rents. The lands were Bothon, (Buttevant) Coulhenery, (Coolincy), Ivilbrogan, Lakyn, (Lakeen), Brochoyn (Churchtown, Kilblan (Kilbolane), all parishes wholly in the present barony of Ossory, and partly in Fermoy, Cloncourth (Colman’s Well) the part which was anciently in the county Cork, and now either adjoins, or is included in Shandrum, in Orrery. Tullales (Tullylease) Kilcorcoran, Kilbrin, Subulter, andClonmyn (Clonmeen) parishes, in the present barony of Duhallow, and adjoining the barony of Orrory, on the south-west. From this it is clear that Dr. Donovan was wrong in making Muscry Donegan part of Barrymore barony, and Dr. O’Brien almost right in making it Orrery. Other reasons could be given in confirmation of this. As to Killede, the 3rd cantred granted by Fitz-Stephen to Philip de Barry, a range of hills to the south of Cork, and bordering on Barry Oge’s country of Kinclea, is called the Killeady Hills. Killede may be an alias for Kinclea (cinel-Aecla).

   Pobble O’Keeffe, a district in the barony of Duhallow, the country of the O’Keeffes or of O'Keeffe’s people. The O’Keeffes are an important southern sept.

   Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 439

   As the companion tells it

   Somewhere around here stood the castle of Kilmaclenine, the seat of a bishop's manor in 1364. In that year the rent-roll of the lordship of the Bishop of Cloyne was drawn up, recording what tenants paid to the manor and castle of Kilmaclenine in the territory of Muscry Donegan. The bishop at the time was John de Swafham. The roll names the tenants, their lands, and their rents, and the lands it lists spread wide across what are now the baronies of Orrery and Duhallow. They include Buttevant, Coolincy, Lakeen, Churchtown, Kilbolane, and a place called Cloncourth, which is Colman's Well, a lands that anciently lay in county Cork and now adjoins or is included in Shandrum, in Orrery. Further lands named are Tullylease, Kilcorcoran, Kilbrin, Subulter, and Clonmeen, all parishes in the barony of Duhallow, adjoining Orrery on the south-west. From this record one writer notes that Dr. Donovan was wrong in making Muscry Donegan part of Barrymore barony, and that Dr. O'Brien was almost right in placing it in Orrery. The text also touches on Killede, a cantred granted by Fitz-Stephen to Philip de Barry, and suggests it may be an alias for Kinclea. It mentions Pobble O'Keeffe, a district in Duhallow, the country of the O'Keeffes, an important southern sept.

6. Battle at Mannisteranena near Bruff

   Bruff · town · Limerick · 1579–1580

   An engagement at Mannisteranena near Bruff proved very fatal to the Geraldines. Dr. Allen, a physician who had accompanied the expedition from Spain, was slain there.

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   An engagement took place at Mannisteranena, near Bruff, which proved very fatal to the Geraldines, and where Dr. Allen, a physician who had accompanied the expedition from Spain, was slain.8 After this, the whole country was desolated

   S. Smith, Fronde, and every other English author has made the mistake of calling Alien a priest and a Jesuit,

   Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 212

   As the companion tells it

   Near the town of Bruff, at a place called Mannisteranena, an engagement took place in 1579. It proved very fatal to the Geraldines. Dr. Allen, a physician who had come with the expedition from Spain, was slain there. After this, the whole country was desolated.

7. Caharagh parish religious demographics

   Caheragh · townland · Cork · 1690–1699

   Downes records that in Caharagh parish the ratio was thought to be forty Papists for every one Protestant. William Guricheen, a very old man, served as the Catholic priest there.

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   “ In the parish of Adnageehy, David Terry, papist, gives the seventh part of his nnlk to the poor. In Abbey strowry the rector or vicar usually demands, besides his |burying fees, when the man of the family or widow dies worth £$, He sum of 13s. 4ch, as a mortuary. If the man dies worth less than they demand his second best suit of clothes, or 6s. 8d. in lieu thereof. In Dromdaleague parish Felix McCarthy is priest ; he was here before the late troubles. A Protestant schoolmaster complains that Papists teach public school in this parish. In Caharagh parish ’tis thought that there are forty Papists for one Protestant; William Guricheen, a very old man, is priest there. In Cannaway parish, no church, no Protestant ; there is the ruins of a house in the church-yard ; there is a vault whole ; the priest built an altar in it about a year ago, when some person of note was ^buried : Denis Sweeney is priest of this parish and Macromp.

   Of Durrus, he writes : —

   Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 186

   As the companion tells it

   Somewhere close to Caheragh, a report from the 1690s described the religious balance of this parish. Downes recorded that here it was thought there were 40 Papists for every one Protestant. William Guricheen, a very old man, served as the Catholic priest. The same report touched on neighbouring parishes too. In Adnageehy, David Terry, a Catholic, gave the seventh part of his milk to the poor. In Abbey Strowry, the rector or vicar usually demanded, besides burial fees, when the man of the family or widow died worth £5, the sum of 13s. 4d. as a mortuary. If the man died worth less, they demanded his second best suit of clothes, or 6s. 8d. in lieu. In Dromdaleague, Felix McCarthy was priest, there before the late troubles. A Protestant schoolmaster complained that Catholics taught public school in that parish. In Cannaway, there was no church and no Protestant, but the ruins of a house stood in the churchyard, and a vault remained whole. The priest built an altar in it about a year before, when some person of note was buried. Denis Sweeney was priest there and at Macromp.

8. Catholics Forced to Pay Protestant Clergy Fees

   Cork · city · Cork · 1687

   In 1687 the Cork Grand Jury presentments recorded that Protestant clergy exacted fees from Catholic subjects for christening, purification, burying, and book money, suing them in spiritual courts and committing them to prison. Catholics had to support both their own clergy and Protestant ministers, intensifying sectarian hatred.

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   4. In 1687 they present— “That the Protestant clergy, under colour of law, exact

   390

   Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 313

   As the companion tells it

   In Cork, the 1687 Grand Jury presentments recorded that Protestant clergy, "under colour of law," exacted fees from Catholics for christening, purification, burying, and book money. They sued Catholics in spiritual courts and committed them to prison. Catholics supported both their own clergy and Protestant ministers, intensifying sectarian hatred.

9. Cork city muniments kept under court house

   Cork · city · Cork · 1738

   The Cork city muniments examined by the author are kept in a large safe in a room under the court house. They date from 1738 and are decorated with royal and city arms, replacing older insignia presumed lost or destroyed during the 1690 siege.

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   I have examined the present city of Cork muniments. They are in the custody of the town clerk, and are kept in a large safe, in a room under the court house. They are very modern, bearing the date 1738, mid are decorated with the royal and city arms, and bear the names of the mayor and sheriffs for that city ; so that they cannot be the insignia mentioned in the old list, which I presume was lost or destroyed during the siege in 1690. The present water-bailifis’ oar is the gift of William and Mary, as you will see by the drawing. The maces were much battered or broken when the present cor¬ poration got them, and they had to b • repaired. Ihe corpora¬ tion sword is quite modern. The old one was sold (most illegally) by the family of the former sword-bearer. It was the most ancient thing the corporation possessed. I remember having seen it, and from the immense handle it had I have no doubt but that it was the one mentioned in our list. No person can tell where it is now. All the family, are dead. 1 suspect it is in London,’’

   Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 412

   As the companion tells it

   Cork keeps its city muniments in a large safe, in a room under the court house, in the custody of the town clerk. They bear the date 1738, decorated with the royal and city arms, and carry the names of the mayor and sheriffs. They cannot be the insignia from the old list, which the author presumes was lost or destroyed during the siege in 1690. The present water-bailiffs' oar is the gift of William and Mary. The maces were much battered or broken when the present corporation got them, and had to be repaired. The corporation sword is quite modern. The old one was sold, most illegally, by the family of the former sword-bearer. It was the most ancient thing the corporation possessed. The author remembers having seen it, and from the immense handle it had, he has no doubt it was the one mentioned in the old list. No person can tell where it is now. All the family are dead. He suspects it is in London.

10. Dublin Capp of Maintenance used as model for Cork

    Dublin · city · Dublin · 1703

    In 1703, the mayor of Cork was directed to send for a new Capp of Maintenance from Dublin. It was requested to be made after the manner of Dublin's own Capp of Maintenance.

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    “21 January, 1703. — Whereas the Capp of Maintenance, anciently belonging to this city, was carried away with the sword and maces, upon the surrender of this city, or otherwise lost, so that there has been no such thing ever since. Now, for as much as the same was anciently granted as a badge of honour to this city, it is thought fit that a new one be bought, etc., the mayor having proposed to send for one to Dublin, is desired to direct that it be after the manner of that citty e’s, and that the charge thereof be paid by the chamber laine out of the public revenue, and to be allowed the same in his account.”

    “ It was ordered that the city chest be sent to the mayors house, and all the grants, charters, counterparts of leases, bonds, hooks, and other papers of moment belonging to this corporation, in their own right, or in trust for the hospital of St. Stephens, together with the common seale, be forth wth put therein, and the three keys belonging thereunto be kept by the persons following, viz. : — One by the mayor of the citty for the time being, one by Aid. Daniel Crone, and one by Aid. Wm. Goddard, and the chest to pass from mayor to mayor, and in regard it is conceived yl the present common seale, being made since the late warr is less than the former

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 413

    As the companion tells it

    Dublin holds something Cork once lost. The Capp of Maintenance, a badge of honour anciently granted to the city of Cork, was carried away with the sword and maces upon the surrender of that city, or otherwise lost, and there had been no such thing ever since. On the 21st of January, 1703, the corporation of Cork resolved that a new one should be bought. The mayor proposed sending to Dublin for it, and was directed to have it made after the manner of Dublin's own Capp of Maintenance. The chamberlain was to pay the charge from the public revenue and be allowed the same in his account. On the same order, the city chest was to be sent to the mayor's house, and all grants, charters, counterparts of leases, bonds, hooks, and other papers of moment belonging to the corporation, in their own right or in trust for the hospital of St. Stephen, together with the common seal, were to be put into it. Three keys were to be kept one by the mayor for the time being, one by Alderman Daniel Crone, and one by Alderman William Goddard, and the chest was to pass from mayor to mayor. The present common seal, being made since the late war, was conceived to be less than the former.

11. Earl James Desmond dies at Askeaton

    Askeaton · townland · Limerick · 1558

    James, the fifteenth Earl of Desmond, died at Askeaton in 1558 after being commissioned to continue the parliament. He was succeeded by Gerald, his eldest son by his second wife, despite the true heir's attempts to assert his rights.

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    The new earl was received with great condescension by the Emrlish km°\ who was anxious to Keep peace m Ii eland umil his continental affairs were more settled. Desmond was made lord high treasurer of Ireland, which office he held to the end of the reign of Queen Mary ; and in July, 1543; ^orc^ deputy, St. Leger, was authorized to make him a grant, by patent, of a house and parcel of land near Dublin, for the keeping of his horses and train when he attended the parlia¬ ment or council, and for this purpose St Marys Abbey was bestowed upon him. In 15 5^ a great court w as held in Limerick, to which O'Carroll repaired under the safe protection of the earl, the mayor of Limerick, and the English and Irish who were present at that court. He was commissioned to continue the parliament, November 1, 1 5 5 7s but he died the following year at Askeaton. He was succeeded by Gerald, his eldest son by his second wife. The true heir vainly attempted to assert his rights,; but although he had the assistance of the Lord Kerry and others, might triumphed over right, and Earl Gerald sat as lord of Desmond in a parliament held in Dublin, a d. 1559.

    The “ Four Masters” give a very favourable account of the rule of this earl. Notwithstanding his act of injustice towards his own son, he is said to have been just to others, and they declare : — •

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 192

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere around here, James, the fifteenth Earl of Desmond, died in 1558. He had been a man the English crown trusted. The king received him with great condescension, anxious to keep peace in Ireland until his continental affairs were more settled. Desmond was made lord high treasurer of Ireland, and held that office to the end of Queen Mary's reign. In July 1543, the deputy St. Leger was authorized to grant him a house and parcel of land near Dublin, for keeping his horses and train when he attended parliament or council, and St Mary's Abbey was bestowed on him for that purpose. A great court was held in Limerick, to which O'Carroll came under the safe protection of the earl, the mayor of Limerick, and the English and Irish who were present. He was commissioned to continue the parliament, but died the following year at Askeaton. He was succeeded by Gerald, his eldest son by his second wife. The true heir vainly attempted to assert his rights. He had the assistance of the Lord Kerry and others, but might triumphed over right, and Earl Gerald sat as lord of Desmond in a parliament held in Dublin in 1559. The Four Masters give a very favourable account of the rule of this earl. Notwithstanding his act of injustice towards his own son, he is said to have been just to others.

12. Forfeiture of Cork estates after civil war

    Cork · city · Cork · 1691

    A general forfeiture of estates followed the civil war in County Cork. The Earl of Clancarty was the heaviest sufferer, while the Coppingers, Galways, Barrys, Goolds, Driscolls, Roches, MacCarthys, Nangles, Meaghers, and Sarsfields were all subjected to severe confiscation.

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    There was a general forfeiture of estates, as usual, after each civil war. The Earl of Clancarty was the heaviest sufferer, but the Coppingers, Galways, Barrys, Goolds, Driscolls, Roches, Mac Carthys, Nangles, Meaghers, and Sarsfields were subjected to severe confiscation.

    r. Want of shoes for his soldiers was one of Marlborough’s special troubles. He had five hundred men before Kinsale and not a hundred pair of shoes among them, “ and shoes were not to be got for money, even if he had it.” Sir James Cotter, who was a staunch adherent of the Stuarts, was empowered to raise ,£200 in the Co. Cork for the king’s service, and further got an order to seize 600 pair of shoes which Captain Mac Gil ly cuddy had possessed himself of. From this it would appear that the Mac Gilly cuddys had gone over to the winning side.

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 305

    As the companion tells it

    Cork saw a general forfeiture of estates after the civil war of 1691. The Earl of Clancarty was the heaviest sufferer. The Coppingers, Galways, Barrys, Goolds, Driscolls, Roches, MacCarthys, Nangles, Meaghers, and Sarsfields were all subjected to severe confiscation as well.

13. Foundation of Fermoy Monastery

    Fermoy · townland · Cork

    The Monastery of Fermoy was founded by St. Finncha, who was educated in the Monastery of Benchor (Bangor) by St. Comgall.

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    His bounty to the poor — Quatrain of the seven and twenty Bishops of Ross— St. Fachtna styled the “ hairy ”— His vocation encou¬ raged by St. Ita— He applies to St. Mochaemoc for the cure of his sight— St. Fachtna believed to be also the patron of Raphoe — His commemoration by AEngus and by St. Cuiman of Conor— Obituaries of the Abbots of “ Ross of the Pilgrims Foundation of the Monastery of Fermoy by St. Finncha- — His education in the Monastery of Benchor (Bangor) by St, Comgall -lhe tame of this Monastery — Opinion of St. Bernard— The Rules of the Monks of « Great Cork,” Fermoy. Cloyne, and Brigown -Their devotion to the study of Holy Scripture— Their occupations— Devotion to the celebration of Mass -The translation of important Irish ecclesias¬ tical documents by the Rev. Dr. Todd and Rev. Dr. Reeves- How humility and charity were practised in the monastery i he

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 5

    As the companion tells it

    Close to Fermoy, a monastery once stood, founded by St. Finncha. He did not learn his faith alone. He was educated in the Monastery of Benchor, at Bangor, under St. Comgall, before he came here to establish his own house. The monastery gained fame in its time. St. Bernard himself held an opinion of it. The monks of what was called Great Cork, Fermoy, Cloyne, and Brigown followed shared rules. Their devotion turned above all to the study of Holy Scripture. They kept to their daily occupations, and gave themselves to the celebration of Mass. In this house, humility and charity were practised, woven into the ordinary life of the brothers. St. Finncha's foundation carried the discipline he had absorbed under Comgall at Bangor, and it left its mark on the religious life of the surrounding country.

14. Glencollin colliery near Kingwilliamstown

    Ballydesmond · town · Cork

    Coal seams were worked at Glencollin colliery, situated about a mile south of Kingwilliamstown (modern Ballydesmond). The coal came in three varieties: anthracite, culm, and pindy.

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    The principal useful product is, of course, the coal, which is of three kinds, viz. : — anthracite, sometimes containing iron pyrites ; culm, which is a laminated coal, crumbling down on exposure to the air ; and pindy, a shale which is sometimes sufficiently carbonaceous to be used as fuel. Seams of coal have been worked in different places near the Mullaghareirk hills, and at Glencollin colliery, about a mile S. of Kingwilliamstown. There are two lines of collieries beginning two or three miles S.W. of Kanturk, and running, for eight or nine miles, towards W.S.W. ; of these the Dromagh and Lisnacon collieries are the most important. Several pits of culm have been worked near Gneeves and Bally dough, six or eight miles E.S.E. of Kanturk. Iron-stone and wavellite occurs in this formation, and some spas rise therein, as near Kanturk, etc.

    We have now described all the geological formations of Cork, except the Drift ; but chronological order requires that we post¬ pone the consideration of it for the present.

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 352

    As the companion tells it

    As you pass through Ballydesmond, you are passing through what was once Kingwilliamstown, and coal once came out of the ground nearby. The Glencollin colliery lay about a mile south of the town, where seams of coal were worked. The coal came in three kinds. Anthracite was the first, sometimes carrying iron pyrites within it. Culm was the second, a laminated coal that crumbles down on exposure to air. The third was called pindy, a shale that was sometimes sufficiently carbonaceous to be used as fuel. These seams were among several worked near the Mullaghareirk hills. Two lines of collieries began two or three miles southwest of Kanturk and ran for eight or nine miles towards the west-southwest, with Dromagh and Lisnacon the most important. Several pits of culm were worked near Gneeves and Ballydough. Iron-stone and wavellite occur in this formation, and some spas rise near Kanturk.

15. Great court held in Limerick, 1550

    Limerick · city · Limerick · 1550

    In 1550 a great court was held in Limerick, to which O'Carroll repaired under the safe protection of the Earl of Desmond, the mayor of Limerick, and the English and Irish who were present at that court.

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    The new earl was received with great condescension by the English king, who was anxious to keep peace in Ireland until his continental affairs were more settled. Desmond was made Lord High Treasurer of Ireland, which office he held to the end of the reign of Queen Mary ; and in July, 1 543, the Lord Deputy, St. Leger, was authorized to make him a grant, by patent, of a house and parcel of land near Dublin, for the keeping of his horses and train when he attended the parlia¬ ment or council, and for this purpose St. Mary’s Abbey was bestowed upon him. In 1550 a great court was held in Limerick, to which O’Carroll repaired, under the safe pro¬ tection of the earl, the mayor of Limerick, and the English and Irish who were present at that court. He was commis¬ sioned to continue the parliament, November 1, 1557, but he died the following year at Askeaton. He was succeeded by Gerald, his eldest son by his second wife. The true heir vainly attempted to assert his rights, but although he had the assistance of the Lord Kerry and others, might triumphed over right, and Earl Gerald sat as Lord of Desmond in a parliament held in Dublin, a.d. 1 5 59.1

    1. The exact amount of the tribute imposed upon Mac Carthy More by the Earl of Desmond has not been ascertained. Dr. O’Donovan quotes the following from the author of Carbritz Notitia, who wrote in 1686 : —

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 136

    As the companion tells it

    Limerick was where a great court was held in 1550. The Earl of Desmond, who served as Lord High Treasurer of Ireland, held that office to the end of the reign of Queen Mary. The English king had received the new earl with great condescension, anxious to keep peace in Ireland until his continental affairs were more settled. It was in this climate that the court assembled in Limerick, and O'Carroll came to it under the safe protection of the earl, the mayor of Limerick, and the English and Irish who were present at that court. The earl was later commissioned to continue the parliament on November 1, 1557, but he died the following year at Askeaton. He was succeeded by Gerald, his eldest son by his second wife. The true heir vainly attempted to assert his rights, and although he had the assistance of the Lord Kerry and others, might triumphed over right, and Earl Gerald sat as Lord of Desmond in a parliament held in Dublin.

16. Hamlet of Dungarvan at Kiln-Lee confluence

    Dungarvan · town · Waterford

    Near the foot of Shandon Castle, where the Kiln river meets the Lee, stood the hamlet of Dungarvan. Close by, where Daly's distillery stood, was the Benedictine Convent of St. John, still commemorated in the place name John Street.

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    ££ In the north-west suburb, on the North Mall, where North Abbey-square now stands, was the North Abbey. It was, as you see, actually within arrow-shot of the city walls and North Gate fort. In Elizabeth’s time it also was suppressed. Its rich possessions had been granted to the Skiddys. But there also the Friars somehow kept their ground. Farther on to the east, where St. Mary’s Church now stands, was Shandon Castle. It was perched on the verge of a precipice, over¬ hanging the river. The adjacent lane is still sometimes known as Shandon Castle-lane. There the Barrys once kept splendid state. There also the Judges of Assize held courts of gaol delivery. Nearly at its foot, just where the Kiln river meets the Lee, was the hamlet of Dungarvan. Close by, where Daly’s distillery now stands, was, at the time of which I speak, the Benedictine Convent of St. John. The place is still called John-street. In 1296 the ‘Convent Question’ was raised about the founding of this convent. Edward I., by royal writ, referred to the Chief Justice of Ireland whether a convent should be established here. The Chief Justice reported that such an institution would be ad communem commodum et communem utilitatem totius patriot, and so the convent was founded and flourished for centuries.

    £ £ How did the Cork folk live in the sixteenth century ? They

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 272

    As the companion tells it

    As you pass through Dungarvan, the older story beneath it is one of a hamlet that once stood near the foot of Shandon Castle, where the Kiln river meets the Lee. Shandon Castle sat perched on the verge of a precipice, overhanging the river. The Barrys once kept splendid state there, and the Judges of Assize held courts of gaol delivery. Close by, where Daly's distillery stood, was the Benedictine Convent of St. John. The place is still called John Street. In 1296, the question of founding this convent was raised. Edward I, by royal writ, referred the matter to the Chief Justice of Ireland. The Chief Justice reported that such an institution would be, in his words, "ad communem commodum et communem utilitatem totius patriae" — for the common good and common utility of the whole country. And so the convent was founded, and it flourished for centuries. In the north-west suburb, on the North Mall, where North Abbey Square now stands, was the North Abbey, within arrow-shot of the city walls and North Gate fort. In Elizabeth's time it was suppressed, its rich possessions granted to the Skiddys, but the friars somehow kept their ground.

17. Loo man-of-war wrecked leaving Baltimore harbour

    Baltimore · town · Cork

    The Loo man-of-war was lost while turning out of Baltimore harbour after running onto a rock. The crew and most of the rigging and guns were saved from the wreck.

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    “ April 30th. The Loo man-of-war was lost as she was turning out of Baltimore harbour, by running on a rock. The men, with most of the rigging and guns, were saved.

    “ August 16. The Marquis of Winchester, and the Earl of Galway, lords justices, set out from Dublin to Kilkenny, where they were sumptuously entertained by the Duchess of Ormond. On the 1 8th they arrived at Waterford, being met on the road by several gentlemen, and, near the city, by the mayor and corporation, with whom they dined. Next day, they viewed the garrison and the fort of Duncannon, where they were entertained by the governor, Colonel Purcell. After knighting John Mason, Esq., the mayor, their lordships proceeded to Clonmel, attended by the sheriff, and several gentlemen of the county of Tipperary, and by the mayor, aldermen, and recorder of Clonmel. They reviewed several regiments at Two-milebridge, who were there encamped. From Clonmel they pro¬ ceeded to Cork. On the 23rd they lay at Colonel Barry’s, near Castle-Lyons, and dined next day at Waterpark with the Lord Chief Justice Pine.

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 307

    As the companion tells it

    Baltimore, in Cork, is a harbour town with a old loss in its waters. On April 30th, the Loo, a man-of-war, was lost as she was turning out of Baltimore harbour. She ran onto a rock. The men were saved, along with most of the rigging and the guns. The ship herself was not.

18. Loyalist forces march to Buttevant

    Buttevant · town · Cork · 1641

    Lord Mount Garrett, a descendant of the Earl of Ormond, commanded the loyalist party and marched to Buttevant. There General Barry took command of the Munster contingent during the 1641 rising.

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    The loyalist party was under the command of Lord Mount Garrett, a descendant of the Earl of Ormond. He marched to Buttevant, where General Barry took the command of the Munster contingent.

    There were two castles in Mallow, then the property of the Jephsons, who were on the rebel side, and both of these were taken by the loyalists. When “compensation” came to be

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 290

    As the companion tells it

    In the rising of 1641, the loyalist party marched through Buttevant. Lord Mount Garrett, a descendant of the Earl of Ormond, held command. At Buttevant, General Barry took charge of the Munster contingent.

19. Mac Maurice lays waste Magunihy in revenge

    Magunihy · barony · Kerry

    Mac Maurice committed great depredations in revenge, laying waste the territory of Magh O y Coinchinn (Magunchy) from the hills westwards. This was a retaliatory act following the taking of the castle of the lake.

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    Great depredations were committed by Mac Maurice in revenge, he laying waste Magh O-y Coinchinn (Magunchy) from the hills westwards.

    James Desmond imperilled his property and title, by a secret correspondence with Charles Y. of Spain, and was eventually summoned to London when his intrigues were discovered. But the earl had family experience of such invitations, and preferred the wilds of Kerry a sa residence, and Kerry kernes as his guardians. The Earl of Kildare, then viceroy, was ordered to arrest him ; but the command was more easily issued than fulfilled. The earl was either unwilling or unable to obey the royal mandate ; and Cardinal Wolsey, who is credited by the Geraldine writers with a strong prejudice against that family, worked so industriously on the king against the viceroy that he was sent for to defend his conduct. The result was the false rumour of the earl’s death, and the famous but fatal insurrection of Silkin Thomas.

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 135

    As the companion tells it

    This is the barony of Magunihy in Kerry. Mac Maurice committed great depredations in revenge, laying waste Magh O y Coinchinn from the hills westwards. This followed the taking of the castle of the lake. James Desmond imperilled his property and title by secret correspondence with Charles of Spain, and was summoned to London when his intrigues were discovered. But the earl had family experience of such invitations, and preferred the wilds of Kerry as his residence, and Kerry kernes as his guardians. The Earl of Kildare, then viceroy, was ordered to arrest him, but the command was more easily issued than fulfilled. The earl was either unwilling or unable to obey. Cardinal Wolsey, credited by Geraldine writers with a strong prejudice against that family, worked on the king against the viceroy until he was sent for to defend his conduct. The result was the false rumour of the earl's death, and fatal insurrection of Silkin Thomas.

20. March from Limerick into Muscraige, laying waste

    Limerick · city · Limerick · 1175

    In 1175, Donal Caomhanch and Fitzpatrick marched from Limerick into Musgary Aodh, laying waste with fire and sword the districts of Beatha and Cullen. Diarmod More MacCarthy met them and concluded a treaty.

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    3. Under the year 1175 we find that Donal Caomhanch and Fitzpatrtck marched from Limerick into Musgary Aodh, and in their rout laid waste with fire and sword Beadach Authe and Culle Grinn ; Diarmod More Mac Carthy came to meet them and concluded a treat . — Annals of lnnisfallen. Under the year. 1177 we find that Milo Cogan was banished from Dublin by Hugh de Lacy, and forced to fly to Corke.

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 109

    As the companion tells it

    As you pass through Limerick, this is where a march began in 1175. Donal Caomhanch and Fitzpatrick set out from Limerick into Musgary Aodh. In their route they laid waste with fire and sword Beadach Authe and Culle Grinn. Diarmod More Mac Carthy came to meet them and concluded a treaty. The Annals of Innisfallen keep the record.

21. Mount Gabriel glaciation described as architectural mouldings

    near Mount Gabriel · hill or hills · Cork

    The glaciation in the gap on the east side of Mount Gabriel was described by Sir H. De la Beche as striking as anything he had seen in Switzerland. Mr. Dunoyer described the flutings as architectural-looking mouldings, where ice moving along vertical rock edges ground softer beds into shallow cavettos while harder ones stand out as ovolos.

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    H. Do la Beche said it was as striking as anything of the kind he had seen in Switzerland. Mr. Dunoyer has well described the flutings as “ architectural-looking mouldings.” The precise phenomenon is, however, somewhat unusual ; the ice happened to be moving directly along the edges of the beds in a vertical face of rock, and the softer beds have been ground away into shallow cavettos , while the harder ones stand out as ovolos ; all being beautifully smoothed and striated. As we proceed to¬ wards the end of the promontory, Mizen Head, we find the traces of the ice pointing more and more westward, until, at length, they are directed towards S.S.W. — a change similar to

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 364

    As the companion tells it

    Mount Gabriel is a hill in west Cork where the ice left marks that rival anything in Switzerland. Sir H. De la Beche said as much himself. Mr. Dunoyer called the flutings on the rock face architectural-looking mouldings. The ice moved directly along the edges of the beds in a vertical face of rock. The softer beds were ground away into shallow cavettos, while the harder ones stand out as ovolos. All of it is beautifully smoothed and striated. Further on, towards Mizen Head, the traces of the ice point more and more westward, until at length they are directed south-southwest.

22. Plundering expedition as far as Dingle with hostages taken

    Dingle · town · Kerry · 1580

    After a rest of about two months in Limerick, the lord justice set out again and plundered as far as Dingle, taking hostages. Among the hostages were Barrymore, the wife and son of MacCarthy More, the two sons of Mac Maurice of Kerry, O'Sullivan Beare, and others.

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    After a rest of about two months in Limerick, he set out again, and plundered as far as Dingle, taking hostages. Amongst these were Barrymore, the wife and son ^ of Mac Carthy More, the two sons of Mac Maurice of Kerry, 0 Sullivan Beare, Mac Donagh, chief of Duhallow, and the son of Mac

    Carthy Reagh. . A

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 213

    As the companion tells it

    Dingle was the far edge of a plundering raid in 1580. The lord justice had rested about two months in Limerick, then set out again and plundered as far as here, taking hostages. Among them were Barrymore, the wife and son of MacCarthy More, the two sons of Mac Maurice of Kerry, O'Sullivan Beare, Mac Donagh chief of Duhallow, and the son of MacCarthy Reagh.

23. Rare Dock at Spenser's Castle, Kilcoleman

    Kilcolman · townland · Cork

    The extremely rare plant Rumex maritimus was found by a lake or marsh under the ruins of Spenser's Castle at Kilcoleman. The text also mentions another species, the 'Golden Dock', being common around Buttevant and near Ballycotton.

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    Rumex maritimus — By the same lake, or marsh, under the ruins of Spenser’s Castle, Kilcoleman. Extremely rare in Ire¬ land. The “ Golden Dock” of FI. Cork was R. Hydrolapathum, a species common about Buttevant, and near Ballycotton.

    (I. C.j ...

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 382

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere around here, by a lake or marsh under the ruins of Spenser's Castle at Kilcolman, a plant called Rumex maritimus was found. It is extremely rare in Ireland. The "Golden Dock" of the Cork flora was a different species, Rumex hydrolapathum, common about Buttevant and near Ballycotton.

24. Red Abbey, Cork: Augustinian friary founded 1420 by De Courcey

    Cork · city · Cork · 1420–1649

    Red Abbey was founded for Augustinian friars by De Courcey in 1420. At the time of writing, one of its towers still stood in Cumberland Street. Lady Fanshawe's servant escaped by being let down the garden wall of Red Abbey during the Cromwellian seizure of Cork.

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    2. The Red Abbey was founded for Augustinian friars by De Courcey, in 1420. One

    he towers still stands in Cumberland-street.

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 293

    As the companion tells it

    As you pass through Cork, the Red Abbey was founded for Augustinian friars by De Courcey in 1420. One of its towers still stood in Cumberland Street. During the Cromwellian seizure of Cork in 1649, Lady Fanshawe's servant escaped by being let down the garden wall of the abbey.

25. Scene at Brian Boru's palace of Kincora

    near Kincora · monument · Clare

    A scene at the palace of Kincora, Brian Boroimhe's royal seat, is noted in connection with his marriage to Gormley and the outbreak of war leading to Clontarf.

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    Doubtful conversion of the Danes to Christianity — Sketch of the general state of Ireland at this period — Brian Boroimhe and his brother Mahoun ( Mathgamham) Brian will have nothing to do with the “Grim Black Gentiles”— The Eoghanists ally themselves with the Danes — Quarrels between the Eoghanists and the Dalcassians The result The treacherous murder of Mahoun in the Co. Cork — Different accounts of this event He places himself under the protection of the Bishop of Cork, who is unable to avert the crime— The Bishop “ maledicts ” all who were concerned— Desecration of the “Gospel of St. Barri” — The site of the murder in the Macroom Mountains The conspiracy by Ivor, the Danish King of Limerick, Donovan, and Molloy The Bishop remains at R ait hen Mor , near Fermoy— One site of the murder at Kilflyn, another shown in the Mushera Mountains— Molloy is cursed for his treachery Brian Boroimhe s vengeance — Elegy on Mahoun’s death, supposed to have been spoken by him Brian revenges his brother’s murder — The battle of Glen-Mama , and its results The sub¬ jugation of the Danes — What led to the battle of Clontarf Brian s marriage with Gormley — Her character — A scene at the palace of Kincora — The war begins in earnest — The battle of Clontarf — The places of the Cork men — Raids on Cork after this battle.

    ^ he year 948 has been assigned as the date of the conversion of the Danes to Christianity ; but if conversion is to be tested by deeds, the less said on the subject the better. Plundering and .burning went on as usual, while the unhappy divisions of the Irish prevented any effectual resistance to the oppressor.

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 65

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere about Kincora, Brian Boroimhe held his royal seat. Brian and his brother Mahoun stood against the Danes, whom Brian called the "Grim Black Gentiles." He would have nothing to do with them. But the Eoghanists allied themselves with the Danes, and quarrels broke out between the Eoghanists and the Dalcassians. The result was the treacherous murder of Mahoun in County Cork. Mahoun had placed himself under the protection of the Bishop of Cork, who was unable to avert the crime. The Bishop "maledicts" all who were concerned. The Gospel of St. Barri was desecrated. The conspiracy was carried out by Ivor, the Danish King of Limerick, Donovan, and Molloy. The murder took place in the Macroom Mountains. One account gives the site at Kilflyn, another in the Mushera Mountains. The Bishop remained at Raithen Mor, near Fermoy. Molloy was cursed for his treachery. Brian's vengeance followed. An elegy on Mahoun's death is supposed to have been spoken by Brian himself. He revenged his brother at the battle of Glen-Mama, and the Danes were subdued. Then came Brian's marriage to Gormley, and a scene at the palace of Kincora. The war began in earnest, leading to the battle of Clontarf. The year 948 had been assigned as the date of the conversion of the Danes to Christianity, but if conversion is to be tested by deeds, the less said the better. Plundering and burning went on as usual.

26. St. Barre's tower in Cork suburb

    Cork · city · Cork · 1644

    M. de la Beullaye, a French traveller in Ireland in 1644, wrote that in one of the suburbs of Cork there was an old tower ten or twelve feet in circumference and over one hundred feet high, believed to have been built by St. Barre.

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    A Frenchman, M. de la Beullaye, who travelled in Ireland in 1644, and published an account of his tour at Paris in 1653, writes that — “ In one of the suburbs of Cork there is an old tower, ten or twelve feet in circumference, and more than one hundred feet high, which they firmly hold to have been built

    THE PENAL LAWS.

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa

    As the companion tells it

    Cork has an old tower worth noting. A French traveller, M. de la Beullaye, passing through Ireland in 1644, wrote that in one of the suburbs of Cork there stood an old tower, ten or twelve feet in circumference and more than one hundred feet high, which they firmly held to have been built by St. Barre.

27. St Mary's church Youghal restored by Drew family

    Youghal · town · Cork

    The Rev. Pierce William Drew of The Towers, Youghal, was the restorer of the grand old church of St Mary, Youghal, described as one of the largest and most beautiful churches in Ireland. The Drew family's magnificent outlay enabled the restoration.

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    The senior branch of this most ancient Anglo-Norman family was represented in Ireland by the late John Drew, Esq., of Mean us, county Kerry. His surviving sons are the Rev. Browning Drew, Killallagh, county Kerry, and the Rev. Pi'erce William Drew, The Towers, Yougbal, county of Cork, who has been the restorer of the grand old church of St. Mary, Toughal, one of the largest and most beautiful in Ireland. The origin of the name and family of Drew, as given by Count Gabriel O’Gilvy, “ Austeur des Nobiliare de Normandis, etc., etc., etc.” is acknowledged by Sir Bernard Burke, Ulster king-at-arms of all Ireland, in his Landed Gentry of 1848, and his Peerage of i860. — See Barony of de, Clifford, and is as follows : — “William Pons, so called from his having conquered the Island of Ponar, was Earl of Arques, in Normandy, where his castle is still to be seen. He was eldest son of Richard Burke, of Normandy, grandfather of the conqueror by the said Richard, third wife.

    Papia, daughter of the Earl of Bayent, and his brother was manager Archbishop of Rouen. He was called Iron Arm from his great strength, and conquered Apulia, Calabrid, and part of Africa. He married Beatrix, sister of Guy, Earl of Pontheu, and had three sons, viz. : Walter, who succeeded him at Arques. 2ndly, Drogo, who avoiding the Domesday burvey of Devon, had seventy-three manors in Devon alone ; he is called by Sir William Dugdale, Dru.

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 451

    As the companion tells it

    Youghal is a town the road passes through in Cork, and it holds the church of St Mary, one of the largest and most beautiful in Ireland. The man who restored it was the Reverend Pierce William Drew, of The Towers, in Youghal, county Cork. The Drew family's magnificent outlay enabled the restoration. The Drews were an ancient Anglo-Norman family. The senior branch was represented by the late John Drew, Esquire, of Meanus, county Kerry. His surviving sons were the Reverend Browning Drew of Killallagh, county Kerry, and the Reverend Pierce William Drew. The origin of the Drew name and family was given by Count Gabriel O'Gilvy and acknowledged by Sir Bernard Burke, Ulster king-at-arms of all Ireland, in his Landed Gentry of 1848. The family line traces back to William Pons, so called for having conquered the Island of Ponar. He was Earl of Arques in Normandy, where his castle could still be seen. He was called Iron Arm from his great strength, and conquered Apulia, Calabria, and part of Africa. He married Beatrix, sister of Guy, Earl of Ponthieu, and had three sons. Walter succeeded him at Arques. Drogo, who avoided the Domesday survey of Devon, had seventy-three manors in Devon alone, and is called by Sir William Dugdale, Dru.

28. Water Gate and King and Queen's Castles at Daunt's Square

    Cork · city · Cork · 1600–1699

    The Water Gate and the King and Queen's Castles stood at the end of Castle-street in Cork, where Daunt's Square is now located. The street derived its name and the city its arms from these castles.

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    “ What was Cork like at this time ? Fortunately, we can tell with some exactness. There is a very interesting map of it in the Pacata Hibernia. You see how accurate is Spencer’s description of Cork as an island fayre, enclosed by ‘ the spreading Lee’ with his ‘ divided flood.’ Also Camden’s con¬ temporary account of Cork, as £ of the forme of an egge, with the river flowmge round about it, and runmnge between, not passable through but by bridges lying out at length, as it were, in one direct broad street,’ That ‘ one direct broad street ’ corresponds with our North and South Main-streets. It was then called the £ Royal-street,’ sometimes £the Highstreet,’ and sometimes ‘the Queen’s Majesty’s street.’ At either end of it you observe the North and South Gates, with their forts and drawbridges. Crossing it at right angles is Castle-street, through which flowed (as beneath it flows still,) a branch of the river — ‘the river flowinge betweene’ which Camden observed. At the intersection of Castle-street and the Main -street, where the Young Men’s Society Hall now stands, you observe the ‘Golden Castle’ of the Roches. There the Exchange was afterwards built, and for more than a century the trade of Cork was transacted. At the other end of Castle-street, where Daunt’s-square now is, you will observe ‘ ye Water Gate,’ and the King and Queen’s Castles. To these castles the street owes its name and the city its arms. Ships used to be brought into Castle-street to be unloaded, as at Amsterdam. The custom-house was there to receive them.

    Ihe Royal or (Main) street was also intersected then, as it is now, by narrow lanes. These lanes were the fashionable residences of Cork. In them wealthy merchants had their mansions. You see Skiddy’s Castle in one and Therry’s in

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 271

    As the companion tells it

    Cork, in the 1600s, was an island enclosed by the spreading Lee, its divided flood running round about it. A map in the Pacata Hibernia shows it plainly. Camden described Cork as being "of the forme of an egge, with the river flowinge round about it, and runmnge between, not passable through but by bridges." The city lay out at length, as it were, in one direct broad street. That street is now the North and South Main Streets. It was then called the Royal-street, sometimes the High-street, sometimes the Queen's Majesty's street. At either end stood the North and South Gates, with their forts and drawbridges. Crossing that main street at right angles was Castle-street, through which flowed a branch of the river, the same river flowing between that Camden observed. At one end of Castle-street, where Daunt's Square is now, stood the Water Gate and the King and Queen's Castles. To these castles the street owed its name and the city its arms. Ships used to be brought into Castle-street to be unloaded, as at Amsterdam. The custom-house was there to receive them. At the intersection of Castle-street and the main street stood the Golden Castle of the Roches. The Exchange was afterwards built there, and for more than a century the trade of Cork was transacted on that spot.

29. Youghal mall formed with assembly and card rooms

    Youghal · town · Cork · 1788

    The mall in Youghal was formed and an elegant large square building was erected at the corporation's expense, containing assembly, card, coffee, and billiard rooms.

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    “December 18, 1788. — The mall, in Youghal, was formed, and an elegant large square building erected thereon, at the expense of the corporation, consisting of an assembly, card, coffee, and billiard rooms.

    “January 12, 1789. — At the trial of Captain Teightly, in Cork, which took place about this time, Mr. Curran, counsel against the prisoner, made use of the following expressions : — ‘ He has acted, gentlemen of the jury, like a ruffian, and I will prove him to your satisfaction to have acted so ; and I will affix infamy on his name, as close as ever the regimentals

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 322

    As the companion tells it

    Youghal, in County Cork, saw a change in December of 1788. The mall was formed, and on it the corporation put up an elegant large square building at their own expense. It held an assembly room, a card room, a coffee room, and a billiard room. The town gained a place built for gathering, for play, for talk, all in one structure, paid for by the corporation itself.

30. Youghal's victory over the Danes

    Youghal · town · Cork

    The men of Youghal gained a great victory over the Danes after a period of comparative quiet.

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    Foundation of the City of Cork by St. Finbar— Peace and Plenty for Two Hundred and Fifty Years — Situation of the Abbey of St. Finbar — Extract from Mr. MacCarthys Lecture — Death of Sweeny, Bishop Prince of Cork— Cruel injustice of the English noticed by Bede — Death of Roisseni, Abbot of Great Cork, 685 — The first Danish invasion — Cloyne and Ross devastated — Cogadh Gall re Gaedhil — Extracts from this Work — Cork plundered — Innishannon, on the river Bandon — Curious prophecies — Bec-Mac-De — Prophecy of St. Bercan — Death of Cucaech, Abbot of Cloyne — Death of the Abbot of Kinneigh — Carbery— Rosscarbery — the Wood of the Pilgrims — Cork burned again — Bri-Gobhann (Brigown) plundered — Drowning of Turgesius, the Danish champion — Slaughter of the Danes by the men of Munster — Plunder of Cloyne, Ross, and Kenmare — Fight between the Black and White Gentiles — Death of Columb, Abbot of Cork — The Abbots of Cork and Lismore mortally wounded by the Danes — Death of another Abbot of Cork — Forty years of comparative quiet — -The men of Youghal gain a great victory over the Danes — Cork plundered a.d. S77 — -Death of Reachtaidh, the learned Bishop of Cloyne — The Prior and Abbot of Cloyne slain by the Danes — Death of Arggatann, Abbot of “Great Cork” — A Famine — The Abbot of Trian Cork falls in battle with the Danes — The men of Fermoy bum the Danish camp — Death of the Abbot of Cork, “ Head of the Monks of Ireland,” A.D. 915 — The Danes settle in Cork — The “ nose” tax.

    so the city of Cork was founded

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa

    As the companion tells it

    The town of Youghal in County Cork holds an old victory in the chronicles. After forty years of comparative quiet, the men of Youghal gained a great victory over the Danes. That quiet had followed a long and violent period of Danish raids across Cork. The first Danish invasion devastated Cloyne and Ross. Cork was plundered, and burned more than once. Innishannon, on the river Bandon, appears in the same record. Bri-Gobhann, now Brigown, was plundered. Turgesius, the Danish champion, was drowned. The men of Munster slaughtered the Danes. There was even a fight between the Black and White Gentiles, two factions among the raiders themselves. The Abbots of Cork and Lismore were mortally wounded by the Danes. Columb, Abbot of Cork, died. Another Abbot of Cork was killed. Cloyne, Ross, and Kenmare were all plundered. Then came forty years of comparative quiet. Then the men of Youghal gained their great victory over the Danes. After that, the raids resumed. Cork was plundered again in 877. Reachtaidh, the learned Bishop of Cloyne, died. The Prior and Abbot of Cloyne were slain by the Danes. Arggatann, Abbot of Great Cork, died. A famine came. The Abbot of Trian Cork fell in battle with the Danes. The men of Fermoy burned the Danish camp. The Abbot of Cork, called Head of the Monks of Ireland, died in 915. The Danes settled in Cork and imposed a tax they called the nose tax.

31. Round tower remains at Kinneigh, Co. Cork

    Kinneigh · townland · Cork · 850

    Cill-mor-Cinnech is identified as the great church of Ceann-eide, probably Kinneigh near Inniskeen in the barony of Carbery, Co. Cork, where the remains of a round tower still stand. The abbot Toobhasach died in 850.

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    _ 5- The great church of Ceann-eide. This was probably Ceameich [Kinneigh], near the village of Inniskeen, in the barony of Carbery, Co. Cork, where there is the remains or a round tower.

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 58

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere around here are the remains of a round tower. This was the great church of Ceann-eide, probably Kinneigh, near Inniskeen in Carbery. In 850, the abbot Toobhasach died.

32. Ancient distance between Kanturk and Old Head of Kinsale

    Kanturk · town · Cork

    The rocks beneath the town of Kanturk and those at the end of the Old Head of Kinsale are currently 45 miles apart. Geological evidence suggests that before the compressing forces acted on the region, these formations were originally about 90 miles apart.

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    not only been compressed, in one direction, but elongated in others; we, therefore, cannot conclude from the above pro¬ portions that those fossils, and the containing rocks have been condensed to less than half their original volume. Still we may form some idea of the horizontal compression of the rocks at Carrigaline, for instance, which is within our district, and where the ellipsoid of distortion is accurately one of revo¬ lution. If the materials of the Carrigaline slates were absolutely incapable of further condensation , though squeez¬ able, it is easy to calculate that, in their case, the polar axis of the ellipsoid would have been shortened from 1 to 0.601, and the equatorial diameter lengthened from 1 to 1.290. But, doubtless, there must have been some conden¬ sation, and this would make the actual shortening of the polar axis greater, and the lengthening of the equatorial diameter less, than these proportions. The cleavage planes are very steep in the Carrigaline district, sometimes vertical and generally dipping north ; if we take the mean dip at 750 we shall be within the mark. Allowing for this, the horizontal compression of the slates has been from 1 to less than 0.623. When we combine these considerations with that of the generally so great sharpness of the _ folding of the beds and their usually so steep inclination, we may safely conclude that the rock formations, whose present surface is called the county of Cork, have been thrust together in the horizontal direction of W. of N., and E. of S., in some places, into one-third of their original breadth ; though, perhaps, on the whole, into not less than one-half. The rocks on which the town of Kanturk rests, and those which form the end of the Old Head of Kin sale are now 45 miles distant ; but before the compressing force came into action, they were, in all probability 90 miles apart.

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 355

    As the companion tells it

    The town of Kanturk stands on rock that once lay far from where it lies now. The stones beneath this town and the stones at the end of the Old Head of Kinsale are 45 miles apart today. But before the compressing forces came into action, those same formations were, in all probability, 90 miles apart. The ground has been thrust together, squeezed into something like half its original breadth. The book that records this says the rock formations whose present surface is called the county of Cork have been compressed in the horizontal direction of west of north and east of south, in some places into one-third of their original breadth, though perhaps on the whole into not less than one-half. The folding of the beds is sharp, their inclination steep. At Carrigaline, which is within the same district, the cleavage planes are very steep, sometimes vertical and generally dipping north. The slates there have been horizontally compressed from 1 to less than 0.623. The polar axis of the ellipsoid of distortion would have been shortened from 1 to 0.601, and the equatorial diameter lengthened from 1 to 1.290, if the materials were absolutely incapable of further condensation. But there must have been some condensation, and that would make the actual shortening greater than those proportions suggest. So the distance between Kanturk's rocks and the Old Head of Kinsale has been halved by forces acting over immense time. What you pass through here has been squeezed together from a far wider stretch of earth.

33. Catholic Schoolmaster in Kilmoe Parish

    near Kilmoe · parish · Cork

    A young Irishman, a Papist, taught school about the middle of Kilmoe parish, where there were about nine Protestant families and two hundred Papist families. Teige Coghlan served as Popish priest of Kilmoe and the western part of Skull.

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    from Bantry, by the sea-side, are the ruins of an abbey which belonged to the Franciscans. I don’t hear that there were any other religious houses besides this in the baronies of Beer and Bantry. Humphrey Sullivan is Popish priest of this parish, and of Kilcroghan ; he has been here about twelve years. All the inhabitants are Papists. No Papists are allowed to live within the walls of Bandon. The Earl of Cork, in his leases, has obliged all the tenants not to admit Papists. In the parish of Skull there are about four Protestant families, and about four hundred Papist families. Daniel Carthy is Popish priest of the eastern part of this parish ; he has been here ever since before the late troubles. No glebe in this parish, no registry - book, nor Bible, nor Common Prayer-book. In Kilmoe there are the ruins of a chapel at the west-end of the town dedicated to St. Mullagh. The church of Kilmoe is dedicated to St. Briana, alias Brandon, whese festival is observed. In this parish there are about nine Protestant families, and two hundred Papist. Teige Coghlan is Popish priest of Kilmoe, and of the western part of Skull. He has been here about eight years. A young Irishman, a Papist, teaches school about the middle of the parish. In all the O’Sullivan’s country they observe as a holiday St. Rooane’s Day. At Kinneigh a high round tower stands in the south-west corner of the churchyard. ’Tis sup¬ posed this church was formerly a cathedral. A stone is in the south-west corner of the church of Kinneigh counted very sacred, which the Irish solemnly swear upon. The church is accounted by the Irish very sacred. There is a tradition that formerly in this churchyard there was a well that had great medicinal virtues, and that the concourse of people being very chargeable to the inhabitants, they stopped it up.

    Yet the Catholic had to support both their own clergy and and the Protestant ministers — an injustice of the very gravest kind, and this not only in a general way, but as the Cork Grand Jury presentments show, fees were exacted from the Catholics for every domestic occurrence.4

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 313

    As the companion tells it

    As the road takes you through Kilmoe parish in Cork, the ruins of a chapel stand at the west end of the town, dedicated to St. Mullagh. The church of Kilmoe is dedicated to St. Briana, also called Brandon, whose festival is observed. About nine Protestant families and two hundred Papist families live in this parish. Teige Coghlan is the Popish priest of Kilmoe and the western part of Skull. He has been here about eight years. A young Irishman, a Papist, teaches school about the middle of the parish. The neighbouring parish of Skull has about four Protestant families and four hundred Papist families. Daniel Carthy is Popish priest of the eastern part of that parish and has been there ever since before the late troubles. There is no glebe in Skull, no registry book, nor Bible, nor Common Prayer book. In all the O'Sullivan country they observe St. Rooane's Day as a holiday. At Kinneigh a high round tower stands in the south-west corner of the churchyard. The church is supposed to have been formerly a cathedral. A stone in the south-west corner of the church of Kinneigh is counted very sacred, which the Irish solemnly swear upon. There is a tradition that a well in this churchyard once had great medicinal virtues, and the concourse of people being very chargeable to the inhabitants, they stopped it up. The Catholics had to support both their own clergy and the Protestant ministers, an injustice of the gravest kind. As the Cork Grand Jury presentments show, fees were exacted from Catholics for every domestic occurrence.

34. Clarendon receives freedom of Cork in gold box

    Cork · city · Cork · 1685–1686

    In 1685, the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, Clarendon, was presented with the freedom of the city of Cork in a gold box. The following year Tirconnel visited Cork and was sumptuously entertained by the mayor.

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    In 1685, Clarendon, who was then Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, was presented with the freedom of the city of Cork in a gold box. In 1686, Tirconnel, who was now vice-regent, came to Cork, and was sumptuously entertained by the mayor.

    The difficulties which James II. got himself into with his English subjects can hardly be recorded here, but their effects were felt bitterly in Ireland. When the king’s second wife gave him an heir, William of Orange, who had long flattered himself that he should one day wear the crown of England, saw that no time should be lost if he intended to secure the ' prize, and commenced his preparations with all the ability and with all the duplicity for which his career has been admired by one party, and denounced by the other, according as political and religious opinions viewed the deceit under the strong light of the ability, or the ability under the glare of the deceit. The Protestant party could not but see all that

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 298

    As the companion tells it

    In the city of Cork, two dignitaries were honoured in quick succession. In 1685, Clarendon, then Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, was presented with the freedom of the city in a gold box. The next year, 1686, Tirconnel, now vice-regent, came to Cork and was sumptuously entertained by the mayor. These were the years before wider troubles reached Ireland. King James II had drawn himself into difficulties with his English subjects, and their effects would be felt bitterly in Ireland. When the king's second wife gave him an heir, William of Orange, who had long flattered himself that he should one day wear the crown of England, saw that no time should be lost if he intended to secure the prize, and began his preparations with all the ability and duplicity for which his career has been admired by one party and denounced by the other.

35. Cork suburb old tower described by French traveller

    Cork · city · Cork · 1644

    A French traveller, M. de la Beullaye, who visited Ireland in 1644, described an old tower in one of the suburbs of Cork, ten or twelve feet in circumference and more than one hundred feet high, which locals firmly held to have been built in ancient times.

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    A Frenchman, M. de la Beullaye, who travelled in Ireland in 1644, and published an account of his tour at Paris in 1653, writes that — “ In one of the suburbs of Cork there is an old tower, ten or twelve feet in circumference, and more than one hundred feet high, which they firmly hold to have been built

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 187

    As the companion tells it

    Cork had its wonders even in 1644. A French traveller, M. de la Beullaye, passing through Ireland that year, noted an old tower standing in one of the suburbs. It measured ten or twelve feet around and rose more than one hundred feet. The people of Cork firmly held it to have been built in ancient times. He published his account in Paris in 1653.

36. Dromagh and Lisnacon collieries near Kanturk

    Dromagh · townland · Cork

    Two lines of collieries ran southwest from near Kanturk for eight or nine miles, with Dromagh and Lisnacon being the most important operations. These collieries exploited the coal measures of the region.

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    The principal useful product is, of course, the coal, which is of three kinds, viz. : — anthracite, sometimes containing iron pyrites ; culm, which is a laminated coal, crumbling down on exposure to the air ; and pindy, a shale which is sometimes sufficiently carbonaceous to be used as fuel. Seams of coal have been worked in different places near the Mullaghareirk hills, and at Glencollin colliery, about a mile S. of Kingwilliamstown. There are two lines of collieries beginning two or three miles S.W. of Kanturk, and running, for eight or nine miles, towards W.S.W. ; of these the Dromagh and Lisnacon collieries are the most important. Several pits of culm have been worked near Gneeves and Bally dough, six or eight miles E.S.E. of Kanturk. Iron-stone and wavellite occurs in this formation, and some spas rise therein, as near Kanturk, etc.

    We have now described all the geological formations of Cork, except the Drift ; but chronological order requires that we post¬ pone the consideration of it for the present.

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 352

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere around here lie the Dromagh and Lisnacon collieries, the most important workings in a district that stretches back towards Kanturk. Two lines of collieries begin two or three miles south-west of Kanturk and run eight or nine miles towards the west-south-west. The coal itself comes in three kinds. Anthracite, which sometimes contains iron pyrites. Culm, a laminated coal that crumbles down on exposure to the air. And pindy, a shale sometimes carbonaceous enough to serve as fuel. Seams of coal have been worked in different places near the Mullaghareirk hills, and at Glencollin colliery, about a mile south of Kingwilliamstown. Several pits of culm were worked near Gneeves and Ballydough, six or eight miles east-south-east of Kanturk. Iron-stone and wavellite occur in this formation, and some spas rise near Kanturk.

37. Fermoy granted to Flemings then Roches

    Fermoy · townland · Cork

    After the English invasion, the country of Feara Muighe Feine (Fermoy) was granted to the Flemings, from whom it passed to the Roches and became known as 'Crioch Riosteach' or Roche's country. Before the invasion, the O'Keeffes and O'Duggans had possessed the territory.

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    Gleann Amhnach had then its own king or prince, to whom seven shields and seven swords were given as tribute,5 and no doubt he headed the O’Keeffes ( O'Caoimh ), whose district was Gleanna Amhnach , the present Gian worth, in the barony of Fermoy, Co. Cork. The Duggans ( O' Dub hag ain ) were their neighbours, and before the English invasion these two tribes possessed Fermoy, Condons and Clongibbons. The boundary between them cannot be determined precisely now, but the O’Duggans’ country was between O'Caoimh and the Ui Fidhghente. After the English invasion the country of Feara Muighe Feine was granted to the Flemings, from whom it passed to the Roches, and was called Crioch Riosteach , or “ Roche’s country.” The Duggans claim descent from the celebrated Druid Mogh Ruith . His descendant, who

    5. Book of Rights, p. 79. See also Fermoy in topographical part of present work, and Illustrated History, new edition, p. 240,

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 28

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere around here lies Fermoy. Before the English invasion, this country belonged to the O'Keeffes and the O'Duggans. The O'Keeffes held a district called Gleann Amhnach, which had its own king or prince, to whom seven shields and seven swords were given as tribute. The O'Duggans were their neighbours, and their country lay between the O'Keeffes and the Ui Fidhghente. The O'Duggans claimed descent from the celebrated Druid Mogh Ruith. After the English invasion, the country of Feara Muighe Feine was granted to the Flemings, from whom it passed to the Roches, and was called Crioch Riosteach, or Roche's country. The boundary between the O'Keeffes and the O'Duggans cannot be determined precisely now. These two tribes together possessed Fermoy, Condons and Clongibbons before the invasion changed hands.

38. Founding of the See of Cloyne

    Cloyne · town · Cork · 560

    St. Colman Mac Lenin, a distinguished poet and companion of St. Finbar, founded the See of Cloyne. According to the Psalter of Cashel, Eocharedh, Monarch of Ireland, founded the church of Cloyne for St. Colman in 560.

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    But a higher authority, the Right Rev. Dr. Moran, Bishop of Ossory, the able editor of the new edition of Archdall's Monasticon, says “ There seems no ground for doubting the accuracy of the statement made by O’Halloran in his History of Ireland, on the authority of the Psalter of Cashel, that Eocharedh , Monarch of Ireland in 560, founded the church of Cloyne for St. Colman.

    Dr. Lanigan is very severe on Smith’s inaccuracies. He says : — “ Smith might have easily known that Senin’s daughter could not have been Bridget of Kildare, and that the sixth of March was not the day of this great saint’s (estival. And was he so ignorant of Latin as not to know the meaning of frater Germanus ?”

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 95

    As the companion tells it

    Cloyne is the town. Its church was founded in 560, according to the Psalter of Cashel. Eocharedh, Monarch of Ireland, founded the church of Cloyne for St. Colman. Bishop Moran of Ossory said there seems no ground for doubting the accuracy of that statement, made by O'Halloran on the authority of the Psalter. Dr. Lanigan was severe on Smith's inaccuracies in his account of this saint. He said Smith might have easily known that Senin's daughter could not have been Bridget of Kildare, and that the sixth of March was not the day of this great saint's festival. He also asked whether Smith was so ignorant of Latin as not to know the meaning of frater Germanus.

39. Free Debating Society founded in Cork, 1772

    Cork · city · Cork · 1772

    The Free Debating Society existed in Cork by 1772, with Henry Sheares—father of the brothers who took a prominent part in the 1798 rebellion—as its president. The clubs that preceded the United Irishmen movement were principally founded by Protestants.

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    The Free Debating Society existed in Cork in 1772, and the president of the society was Henry Sheares, the father of the young men who took so prominent a part in the rebellion of ’98. At a time when a leading statesman has put forward the extraordinary doctrine that it is impossible to be at one

    I. See notes at the end of this chapter.

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 325

    As the companion tells it

    In 1772, the Free Debating Society existed here in Cork. Its president was Henry Sheares, the father of the young men who took so prominent a part in the rebellion of 1798. That is what the record tells us. A society for debate, in this city, more than two centuries ago, led by a man whose sons would later rise in arms.

40. French fishing vessels off Bantry Bay (1767)

    near Bantry Bay · bay · Cork · 1767

    A complaint was made in a Cork newspaper that fifty French vessels were fishing for mackerel on the coast near Bantry Bay without interruption from the revenue cruisers.

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    “ May 3, 1767. — A complaint was made in one of the Cork newspapers of fifty French vessels fishing for mackerel on the coast near Bantry Bay without interruption from the revenue

    cruizers.

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 318

    As the companion tells it

    Bantry Bay opened up along this coast. In May 1767 a Cork newspaper carried a complaint that fifty French vessels were fishing for mackerel near the bay, and the revenue cruisers did nothing to stop them.

41. Galtee Mountains described as boggy with a large hilltop pond

    near Galty Mountains · mountain or mountain range · Limerick · 1681

    Dinley, touring Ireland in 1681, observed that great bogs and ponds were found on the very tops of hills and mountains in Ireland. He specifically noted that the Galty hill had a large pond and was boggy, a feature he found remarkable.

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    either wood or coale, though not so durable as the latter. Turfe and wood mixed together, as I have seen in Holland, make a most admirable fire. Those which are for the use of the chamber are cutt neat and square like bricks, and of that bi ernes : but those which are used in the offices of the house for the kitchen, bakeing or breading, are cutt in lumps of any shape they can easiest rid them from the bogg, and make the greatest despatch of as to quantity. There is yet resting a very famous wood belonging to ye Earl of Stafford, called ]. The scullogues, in digging for turfe, find large whole trees of oak, elme, and firr, which two last are rarely seen growing in this kingdom. The soyie is generally rude, neglected, woody, shrubby, wild, marshy, boggy, full of large pools, loghs, or meers, and great boggs and ponds are seen upon the very tops of hills and mountain's, as the Galty hill hath a large pond and is boggy, as also is Gallows hill, between Limerick and Sixmile-bridge, in ye county of Thomond, and others.”

    The temperature is thus described : —

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 268

    As the companion tells it

    The Galty Mountains rise as a range the road passes near. In 1681, a traveller named Dinley toured Ireland and recorded what he saw. He remarked that great bogs and ponds were found upon the very tops of hills and mountains. This hill, he noted, had a large pond and was boggy. The soil across the country he described as rude, neglected, woody, shrubby, wild, marshy, and boggy, full of large pools, loughs, and meers. He also named Gallows hill, between Limerick and Sixmile-bridge in the county of Thomond, as boggy among others. Dinley wrote of turf cut from the bogs for fire, cut neat and square like bricks for chambers, or in rough lumps for kitchens and baking. Turf and wood mixed together, he said, made an admirable fire, as he had seen in Holland. The scullogues, digging for turf, found large whole trees of oak, elm, and fir buried in the bog. Elm and fir, he said, were rarely seen growing in this kingdom.

42. Glacial striations at Fermoy railway cutting

    Fermoy · townland · Cork

    Glacial scorings at the railway cutting near Fermoy indicate ice movement towards the south-south-east across east Cork. The direction agrees with the expected deflection of ice passing the Galtees and Knockmealdown mountains.

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    under the term “Drift.” Now the limestone drift of south Limerick and north Cork, and the blocks of Limerick traps have been everywhere carried southward both on to the Coal Measures, in the country west of Charleville, and on to the Old Red Sandstone east of the same town ; and the sand¬ stone debris of the Ballyhoura hills (S.E. of Charleville) has, in its turn, been carried over the limestone south of those hills. In the demesne of Miltown Castle, a few miles westward of Charle¬ ville, the vertical beds of rock have their edges forced over to the south. This is a very frequent phenomenon in other dis¬ tricts, and wherever it occurs on level ground the direction in which the edges of the beds have been bent always agrees with that of the ice-movement in the neighbourhood. This phenomenon is unquestionably the effect of the ice, and it is to be taken as part of its traces. This ice, having passed the constraint of the Galtees and the Knockmealdown mountains (for these seem not to have been centres of dispersion), and probably now feeling the pressure of that from Kerry, would necessarily turn somewhat eastward, and cross east Cork, moving towards S.S.E. This is the direction of some scorings at the railway cutting near Fermoy, and we may venture to predict that the general course of the normal undeflected glacial striations in that district will be found to be in that direction.

    Many of the large blocks of rock which are now perched in the hills, as well as low grounds, must have been moved by the land ice (though some, particularly bhe yfor- transported ones, must have been moved otherwise, as we shall see presently). There are many instances of these, too numerous to mention. There are two very large ones close to Dumnanway, one of which is called the White Horse Rock. The largest of all probably is the one standing beside the Ship Lough, two and a-half miles W.N.W. of Dunmanway ; it is called the Ship Rock, and has a legend attached to it. Its measurement, roughly taken, is 40 x 25 x 16 feet; its weight must be 1,100 or 1,200 tons.

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 366

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere close to Fermoy, at the railway cutting, there are scorings in the rock left by ice. They show the direction the ice moved across this part of east Cork, towards the south-south-east. The limestone drift of south Limerick and north Cork was carried southward, both onto the Coal Measures west of Charleville and onto the Old Red Sandstone east of that town. The sandstone debris of the Ballyhoura hills, south-east of Charleville, was in turn carried over the limestone south of those hills. In the demesne of Miltown Castle, a few miles west of Charleville, the vertical beds of rock have their edges forced over to the south. Wherever this occurs on level ground, the direction in which the edges have been bent agrees with the direction of the ice-movement in the neighbourhood. This is the effect of the ice, and part of its traces. The ice, having passed the constraint of the Galtees and the Knockmealdown mountains, and probably feeling the pressure of that from Kerry, would necessarily turn somewhat eastward and cross east Cork, moving towards the south-south-east. This is the direction of the scorings at the railway cutting near Fermoy. The writer ventures to predict that the general course of the normal undeflected glacial striations in that district will be found to be in that direction.

43. Grey Friary on north side of Cork entirely demolished

    near Shandon · locality · Cork

    The Franciscan building, which stood on the north side of Cork city, was entirely demolished by the time of writing. It had been called the Monastery of the Blessed Virgin Mary of Shandon.

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    “ This building, which stood on the north side of the city, is now entirely demolished.”

    Further, Francis Ward, in a MS. History of the Order, says : —

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 416

    As the companion tells it

    There was a Franciscan friary in Shandon, on the north side of Cork city. It was called the Monastery of the Blessed Virgin Mary of Shandon. Nothing of it remains. The building was entirely demolished by the time the record was made. A manuscript history of the Franciscan order by Francis Ward preserves its memory.

44. Ice traces on Whiddy Island

    near Whiddy Island · island or archipelago · Cork

    The glacial ice that entered the upper part of Bantry Bay crossed the bay, leaving visible traces on Whiddy Island and near Dunnamark. These traces demonstrate the movement of the ice across the harbour.

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    of the ice nan be traced backwards, not only to the col pierced by the tunnel between Glengariff and Kenmare, but down the valley beyond, where the scorings will be seen running uphili towards Glengariff. About five miles eastward of the tunnel, the ice has left its marks running from the Kerry side up the valley leading to the col , about i ,480 feet high, traversed by the Priest’s Leap road. Similar instances can be found eise where. The scoring flood has left its strongly-marked traces running across the crest of this mountain ridge dividing Cork from Kerry, in many places, from the col at the head of the Coomhola valley to near Kilmakilloge harbour, a distance of seventeen miles, and no doubt, for a greater length. Its groovings are well seen on the top of the hill, 1,393 feet high, just beside the above-mentioned tunnel, on the east. This place is easily accessible, and any one standing there will see in a moment that the rock-scoring agent did not start from the hills above Glengariff. The glaciating flood has completely submerged the ridge, of which we have been speaking, at least within the limits mentioned ; it has swept over the southern Knockbwee, 2,321 feet in height, the most elevated point of that ridge, having left its marks in four places east and south¬ east of the summit, and only ninety feet below it. It has also overflowed Knockowen, 2,169 feet, near Kilmakilloge harbour (that is to say during its greatest development ; for afterwards the mountains there sent down their own ice northwestwards into Kilmakilloge harbour) ; and there is no reason to doubt its having submerged the head of Slieve Daid, or Hungry Hill, 2,251 feet high, near Adragole. We have not been on the summit to ascertain this ; but we have seen its scorings on the spur, running towards Adragole harbour, which shew that it flowed across that spur, close past the mountain itself. (I he indications of enormous depths of land ice afforded by the above phenomena accord with what we find in the striking y glaciated district of west Galway and Mayo, m North A ales, in Cumbria, and in Scotland.) The ice which entered the upper part of Bantry Bay proceeded to cross the bay, as we see from its traces cm the east side of Glengariff harbour ; on Whiddy Island, and near Dunnamark (one mile north of Bantry). Some of it even turned, as at the head of the bay to flow inland towards N.E. We find that at Ardnagashel it had already turned somewhat, but by the time it reached Snave it got round into the direction mentioned ; this deflection, how¬ ever was only local, and caused by the general shape of the

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 363

    As the companion tells it

    Whiddy Island sits in Bantry Bay, and the rock beneath it carries the marks of a sheet of ice that once crossed the water. The ice entered the upper part of Bantry Bay and kept going, crossing the bay rather than stopping at the shore. Its traces survive on the east side of Glengariff harbour, on Whiddy Island itself, and near Dunnamark, which is one mile north of Bantry. The evidence of this ice can be followed far inland. Scorings run across the mountain ridge dividing Cork from Kerry, from the col at the head of the Coomhola valley to near Kilmakilloge harbour, a distance of seventeen miles and likely more. The ice submerged Knockbwee, standing 2,321 feet high, leaving its marks in four places east and south east of the summit, only ninety feet below the top. It overflowed Knockowen, 2,169 feet, near Kilmakilloge harbour. It flowed across the spur running towards Adragole harbour, close past Hungry Hill, which rises 2,251 feet. Some of the ice that entered Bantry Bay even turned at the head of the bay to flow inland towards the north east. By the time it reached Ardnagashel it had already turned somewhat, and by Snave it had rounded into that direction. That deflection was local, brought about by the general shape of the land.

45. Kinneigh medicinal well tradition

    Kinneigh · townland · Cork · 1690–1699

    A tradition held that a well in Kinneigh churchyard once had great medicinal virtues. The concourse of people seeking it was so chargeable to the inhabitants that they stopped it up.

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    lias obliged all the tenants not to admit Papists. In the parish of Skull there are about four Protestant families, and about four hundred Papist families; Daniel Carthy is Popish priest of the eastern part of this parish ; he- has been here ever since before the late troubles. No glebe in this parish, no registry-book, nor Bible, nor common prayer 1 o ik . In Kilmoe there are the ruins of’ a chapel at the westr end of the town dedicated to St. Mullagh. 'Phe church of Kilmoe is dedicated to St. Briana, alias Brandon, whose festival is observed in this parish. There are about nine Protestant families, and two hundred Papists ; Teige Coghlen is Popish priest of Kilmoe, and of the western part, or Skull ; he has been here about eight years. A young Irishman, a Papist, teaches school about the middle of the parish. In all O’Sullivan’s country they observe as a holiday 1 St. Eooane’s Day.’ At Kinneigh a high round tower stands on the south¬ west corner of the church-yard. ’Tis supposed this church was formerly a cathedral. A stone is on the south-west corner of the church of Kinneigh, counted very sacred, which the Irish solemnly swear upon. The church is accounted by the Irish very sacred. There is a tradition that formerly, in this churchyard, there was a well that had great medicinal virtues, and that the concourse of people being very chargeable to the inhabitants they stopped it up. In Murragh, Daniel Hurly, a quiet man, is Popish priest of this and three or four contiguous parishes ; there are more Protestants than Papists ; there was a registry lately bought, and a Bible, and two Common Prayer books. In Desertsurgis there are one hundred and fifty families of Protestants ; no Popish schoolmaster in this parish ; a Bible and Common Prayer book lately bought ; Denis Mahony is Popish priest of this parish.”

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 187

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere close to Kinneigh, a churchyard once held a well that had great medicinal virtues. The tradition runs that the concourse of people seeking it was so chargeable to the inhabitants that they stopped it up. This comes from a survey of the parishes of Cork, made in the 1690s. The survey moved through parish after parish, counting Protestant families and Papist families, naming the priests, noting what books each church possessed and what it lacked. In Skull parish, about 4 Protestant families and about 400 Papist families. No glebe, no registry-book, nor Bible, nor Common Prayer book. Daniel Carthy was the Popish priest of the eastern part, there since before the late troubles. In Kilmoe, about 9 Protestant families and 200 Papists. Teige Coghlen was priest there, about 8 years. In O'Sullivan's country they observed St. Eooane's Day as a holiday. And then the survey came to Kinneigh. A high round tower stands on the south-west corner of the churchyard. The church was supposed to have been formerly a cathedral. A stone on the south-west corner of the church was counted very sacred, which the Irish solemnly swore upon. The church itself was accounted very sacred by the Irish. And in this churchyard, the tradition ran, there was once a well with great medicinal virtues, and the concourse of people was so chargeable to the inhabitants that they stopped it up.

46. Lord Inchiquin seizes tobacco stores at Cork, Kinsale, and Youghal

    Cork · city · Cork · 1642

    Lord Inchiquin seized all the tobacco in store at Cork, Kinsale, and Youghal, as the Parliamentary army was in great need of money. There was a general seizure by everyone of all that could be laid hands on.

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    that could be laid hands on, and Lord Inchiquin seized all the tobacco in store at Cork, Kinsale, and Youghah

    St. Leger died in July of a broken heart. He was de¬ votedly attached to Charles, but he could not fail to see that his interest lay with those who were in rebellion against him. The king appointed Lord Muskery to the office of president, but the lords justices chose Lord Inchiquin. He was a waverer, but this kept him on the Parliamentary side.

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 291

    As the companion tells it

    As you pass Cork, this city saw a general seizure in 1642. The Parliamentary army needed money, and all laid hands on what they could. Lord Inchiquin seized all the tobacco in store at Cork, Kinsale, and Youghal. Saint Leger died in July of a broken heart, devotedly attached to Charles, yet seeing his interest lay with those in rebellion against him. The king appointed Lord Muskery president, but the lords justices chose Lord Inchiquin, a waverer. This kept him on the Parliamentary side.

47. Lords Justices dine at Mallow en route to Limerick

    Mallow · town · Cork · 1741

    In 1741 the Lords Justices travelled from Cork toward Limerick, dining at Major Clayton's house in Mallow and overnighting near Charleville at Captain Oliver's. The journey formed part of a wider tour reviewing garrisons and militia across Ireland.

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    entertained, on their return, by the bishop. On the 29th they set out for Limerick, and dined that day at Major Clayton’s, in Mallow, lying at Captain Oliver’s, near Charleville. On the 30th they arrived in Limerick, being attended through that county by the sheriffs and principal gentlemen, and were received at the gates of the city by the Mayor and Aldermen, in their formalities, with the usual ceremonies, the cannons being discharged, and the regiment of foot, com¬ manded by General Tiffin and Brigadier- General Ingoldsby, lining the street. Having reviewed these regiments, they visited the works about the place and the stores. On the 2nd of August they left Limerick and dined with Sir Donogh O’Brien, at Six-mile- bridge, and lay that night at Mr. Hick¬ man’s, near Ennis, being attended by the sheriff and other principal gentlemen in the county of Clare. They were met on the borders of Galway by Sir George St. George, governor of that county, with many gentlemen, who attended their lordships to the gates of Galway, where they were received by the mayor and other magistrates in their formalities, twelve companies of Colonel Brewer’s regiment in garrison lining the streets, and all the cannon being discharged. On the 4th their lordships reviewed the said twelve companies of Colonel Brewer’s regiment in garrison.

    “ On the 4th their lordships reviewed the said twelve companies, dined with the mayor, and viewed the works about tl;e town. The 5th they lay at Dean Pearce’s, near Loughrea. Thence they went to Athlone, where they were received by Mr. Attorney-General Rochfort, commander of the militia of Westmeath ; part of the militia of horse, foot, and dragoons being under arms on the occasion, and the cannon of that place being discharged. Their lordships went to church there on the 7th, and that evening lay at Mr. Peyton’s, near Ballymore. Next morning they reviewed Colonel Webb’s regiment of foot, and Rosse’s regiment of dragoons, which were encamped near that place. On August 1 ith they arrived at Dublin.”

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 308

    As the companion tells it

    The town of Mallow lies along the road between Cork and Limerick. In 1741 the Lords Justices passed this way, dining at Major Clayton's house in Mallow on the 29th, then lying that night at Captain Oliver's near Charleville. By the 30th they arrived in Limerick, attended through the county by sheriffs and principal gentlemen, and received at the city gates by the Mayor and Aldermen in their formalities. Cannons were discharged. A regiment of foot commanded by General Tiffin and Brigadier-General Ingoldsby lined the street. They reviewed these regiments and visited the works and stores. On the 2nd of August they left Limerick and dined with Sir Donogh O'Brien at Six-milebridge, lying at Mr. Hickman's near Ennis. At the borders of Galway, Sir George St. George, governor of that county, met them with many gentlemen and attended them to the gates of Galway. The mayor and magistrates received them in their formalities. Twelve companies of Colonel Brewer's regiment lined the streets, and all cannon were discharged. On the 4th their lordships reviewed those twelve companies, dined with the mayor, and viewed the works. The 5th they lay at Dean Pearce's near Loughrea. Then to Athlone, where Mr. Attorney-General Rochfort received them, with militia under arms and cannon discharged. They went to church on the 7th, and lay at Mr. Peyton's near Ballymore. Next morning they reviewed Colonel Webb's regiment of foot and Rosse's regiment of dragoons. On August 11th they arrived at Dublin.

48. Lords Justices received at Cork city gates

    Cork · city · Cork

    The Lords Justices arrived at Cork, met some miles from the town by the bishop, clergy, and gentlemen of the diocese. They were received at the city gates by the mayor and aldermen in formalities, entertained at a cost of £200, and made free of the city.

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    “ On the 25th they came to Cork, being met some miles from the town by the bishop and clergy of the diocese, and several gentlemen, and were received at the gates of the city by the mayor and aldermen in their formalities, by whom they were sumptuously entertained at the expense of .£200, and were made free of the city. On the 26th they went to Kinsale, visited the fort, and reviewed Sir Matthew Bridges’ regiment of foot. On the 28th they returned to Cork, where they reviewed the royal regiment of foot, commanded by Colonel Hamilton ; and having taken a view of the harbour, were

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 307

    As the companion tells it

    Cork was where the Lords Justices arrived on the 25th. They were met some miles from the town by the bishop and clergy of the diocese, and several gentlemen. At the gates of the city, the mayor and aldermen received them in their formalities. They were sumptuously entertained at a cost of £200, and made free of the city. On the 26th they went to Kinsale, visited the fort, and reviewed Sir Matthew Bridges' regiment of foot. On the 28th they returned to Cork, where they reviewed the royal regiment of foot, commanded by Colonel Hamilton, and having taken a view of the harbour, were.

49. Muskerry barony named from Cairbre Muse

    near Muskerry · street · Cork · 200–299

    The barony of Muskerry takes its name from Cairbre Muse, son of Conaire Mor, monarch of Ireland at the beginning of the third century. According to O'h-Uidhrin's topographical poem, there were six Muscraidhes in Munster, associated with different tribal territories.

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    Muskeky, Barony of, obtains its name from Cairbre Muse the son of Conaire Mor, monarch of Ireland, in the beginning of the third century. According to 0 h-Uidhrm s top - graphical poem, there were six Muscraidhes, m -Muns > namely — i Muscraidhe Mitme, the country of Ohio] nil , 2, Muscraidhe Luachra, the country of O h *

    Abhainn Mhor (Blackwater) ; 3 Muscraidhe tti Maighe, the

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 438

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere about Muskerry, the barony takes its name from Cairbre Muse, son of Conaire Mor, monarch of Ireland at the beginning of the third century. According to O'h-Uidhrin's topographical poem, there were six Muscraidhes in Munster, each tied to a different tribal territory. One was Muscraidhe Luachra, by the Blackwater.

50. O'Donoghue More lord of Lough Leane

    near Lough Leane · lake or lakes · Kerry · 1567

    A contemporary discourse lists O'Donogliue More as lord of Loghi Lene (Lough Leane), commanding sixteen horsemen and two hundred kerne. The entry forms part of a detailed assessment of Irish lordship military strength in Munster.

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    “ Item. O’Donogliue More is lord of Logli Lene, and will be xvi. horsemenne and cc. kerne.

    “ O’Donogliue Glanlisk [Glenflesk] will be vi. horsemenne

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa

    As the companion tells it

    Lough Leane in Kerry. In 1567 a contemporary assessment of Munster lordships names O'Donoghue More as lord of Lough Leane. It records that he could bring sixteen horsemen and 200 kerne to the field.

51. Old Head of Kinsale tunnelled by waves, Holeopen Bay

    near Old Head of Kinsale · promontory · Cork

    The narrow, far-projecting Old Head of Kinsale has been tunnelled through by the waves in one place, giving rise to the name Holeopen Bay on its eastern side.

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    ridges, as fast as the limestone of the valley was lowered by the atmosphere. The river Lee affords a similar instance. Instead of following the limestone valley on to Castlemartyr, etc., it leaves that valley at Passage and cuts across two sand¬ stone ridges to reach the open sea. There are some other, though less striking, cases, all of which are capable of the same explanation, which depends upon the principle tha*t the shapes of the ground in this district have been chiefly wrought by the atmosphere. To this we may add that the present work of the sea on the coast of Cork is quite different from anything to be seen inland. A careful consideration of the conformation of a mountain district, such as that of west Cork, seems to lead unavoidably to thq conclusion that its shapes have not been . wrought by the sea. Even the bays of the present coast have not been formed by that agent ; they are the submerged lower ends of pre-existing valleys which run some distance inland. The sea, by its more powerful action on the exposed headlands, is escarping them into precipices, i.e., wearing them away, leaving the inner parts of the bays but slightly affected, in comparison ; it is, therefore, tending to obliterate the bays. How could the ocean waves, by their own violence, work out a recess which shall be sheltered from that violence ? How could a “ Statio bene jida cannis ” result from the destructive action of the sea itself \ We are not slighting the tremendous force of the Atlantic waves on this coast, but only pointing out that they have their own peculiar work, which seems to be escarping higher ground into precipices and eroding lower ground into creeks, cooses, and channels. In some instances the effects of sea action, even within the historical period, are made very evident ; as in the case of Duneen Ca3tle, near Rosscarbery, half of which, with the rock on which it stood, has been, in course of time, swept away; a similar case is presented by Dunanore Castle, on Cape Clear Island. The narrow far-projecting Old Head of Kinsale has been tunnelled through by the waves, in one place : whence the recess on the eastern side of it is called Holeopen Bay. There are many fine caves on the coast which have been worked out by the sea ; as, for instance, near Rosscarbery. Some of them have puffing holes opening up to the surface of the ground above, through which the waves send jets of spray to a great height, after the manner of Mac Swine’s Gun, in Donegal. There is one of these on the east side of the south entrance of Baltimore harbour, called Hell Hole. There are some great sea caves

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 362

    As the companion tells it

    As you come through Baltimore in Cork, the harbour holds a feature the book calls Hell Hole. It sits on the east side of the south entrance to Baltimore harbour, a puffing hole worked into the rock by the sea. The waves drive through it and send jets of spray up to a great height, like Mac Swine's Gun in Donegal. The book spends some time on how the coast of Cork got its shape. It argues that the bays were not carved by the sea but are the drowned lower ends of valleys that ran inland. The sea works on the exposed headlands, escarping them into precipices and wearing them away, while the inner parts of the bays are left but slightly affected. So the sea tends to obliterate the bays rather than create them. The waves erode lower ground into creeks, cooses, and channels. A good sheltered harbour could not result from the destructive action of the sea itself. The book points to Duneen Castle near Rosscarbery, where half the castle and the rock it stood on have been swept away over time. Dunanore Castle on Cape Clear Island shows the same. The Old Head of Kinsale, narrow and far-projecting, has been tunnelled through by the waves in one place, and the recess on the eastern side is called Holeopen Bay. Fine caves near Rosscarbery were worked out by the sea, some with puffing holes opening to the surface above. Hell Hole at Baltimore is one of these.

52. Plunder of Cloyne, Ross, and Kenmare

    Kenmare · townland · Kerry

    Following the slaughter of the Danes by the men of Munster, the locations of Cloyne, Ross, and Kenmare were plundered.

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    The first Danish invasion — Cloyne and Ross devastated — Cogadh Gall re Gaedhil — Extracts from this Work — Cork plundered — Innishannon, on the river Bandon — Curious prophecies — Bec- Mac-De — Prophecy of St. Bercan — Death of Cucaech, Abbot of Cloyne — Death of the Abbot of Kinneigh — Carbery — Rosscarbery — the Wood of the Pilgrims— Cork burned again — Bri-Gobhann (Brigown) plundered — Drowning of Turgesius, the Danish champion — Slaughter of the Danes by the men of Munster — Plunder of Cloyne, Ross, and Kenmare — Fight between the Black and White Gentiles — Death of Columb, Abbot of Cork — The Abbots of Cork and Lismore mortally.^ wounded by the Danes —

    Death ot another Abbot ol Cork — Forty years of comparative

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 5

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere around here, Kenmare was plundered after the men of Munster slaughtered the Danes. The source lists these events in a sequence of raids and battles across Cork, but gives no detail beyond the fact. Cloyne and Ross were plundered at the same time. The record comes from the Cogadh Gall re Gaedhil, a chronicle of the Norse wars in Ireland.

53. St. Rooane's Day in O'Sullivan's Country

    Bear · electoral division · Cork

    In all of the O'Sullivan's country, St. Rooane's Day was observed as a holiday. This reflects the persistence of local Catholic traditions in the region.

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    from Bantry, by the sea-side, are the ruins of an abbey which belonged to the Franciscans. I don’t hear that there were any other religious houses besides this in the baronies of Beer and Bantry. Humphrey Sullivan is Popish priest of this parish, and of Kilcroghan ; he has been here about twelve years. All the inhabitants are Papists. No Papists are allowed to live within the walls of Bandon. The Earl of Cork, in his leases, has obliged all the tenants not to admit Papists. In the parish of Skull there are about four Protestant families, and about four hundred Papist families. Daniel Carthy is Popish priest of the eastern part of this parish ; he has been here ever since before the late troubles. No glebe in this parish, no registry - book, nor Bible, nor Common Prayer-book. In Kilmoe there are the ruins of a chapel at the west-end of the town dedicated to St. Mullagh. The church of Kilmoe is dedicated to St. Briana, alias Brandon, whese festival is observed. In this parish there are about nine Protestant families, and two hundred Papist. Teige Coghlan is Popish priest of Kilmoe, and of the western part of Skull. He has been here about eight years. A young Irishman, a Papist, teaches school about the middle of the parish. In all the O’Sullivan’s country they observe as a holiday St. Rooane’s Day. At Kinneigh a high round tower stands in the south-west corner of the churchyard. ’Tis sup¬ posed this church was formerly a cathedral. A stone is in the south-west corner of the church of Kinneigh counted very sacred, which the Irish solemnly swear upon. The church is accounted by the Irish very sacred. There is a tradition that formerly in this churchyard there was a well that had great medicinal virtues, and that the concourse of people being very chargeable to the inhabitants, they stopped it up.

    Yet the Catholic had to support both their own clergy and and the Protestant ministers — an injustice of the very gravest kind, and this not only in a general way, but as the Cork Grand Jury presentments show, fees were exacted from the Catholics for every domestic occurrence.4

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 313

    As the companion tells it

    As you pass through Bantry, down by the sea-side, there are the ruins of an abbey that belonged to the Franciscans. It was the only religious house in the baronies of Beer and Bantry. At the time this was written, all the inhabitants of the parish were Catholic, and the parish priest, Humphrey Sullivan, had been there about twelve years. The writer noted that no other religious houses existed in these baronies besides this Franciscan abbey. The Catholic community here, as across the county, had to support their own clergy while also bearing the costs imposed by the Protestant establishment. The Cork Grand Jury presentments show that fees were exacted from Catholics for every domestic occurrence, which the writer called an injustice of the gravest kind. The ruins themselves are all that remains of that Franciscan presence along the coast.

54. Viking plunder of Brigown, Co. Cork

    Brigown · townland · Cork

    Vikings plundered Bri Gobhann (now Brigown, Co. Cork), along with Cill Ita and Cuil Emhni, using a fleet that had landed in Ciaraighe Luachra, Co. Kerry. The site name means 'Hill of the Smith.'

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    They plunder Bvi Gobhcinii? in the Co. Cork, Cill Ita , and Cuil Emhni by a fleet which landed in Ciciwuighe Lucichva ,

    Co. Kerry.

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 59

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere around here, Vikings plundered Bri Gobhann, the name meaning Hill of the Smith. The same fleet, which had landed in Ciaraighe Luachra in Kerry, also plundered Cill Ita and Cuil Emhni.

55. Agreement for 24 cantreds in Cork, 1179

    Cork · city · Cork · 1179

    In 1179, the English barons agreed with Dermot, King of Cork, and other Irish chiefs to take 24 cantreds at a small annual rent, and divided seven cantreds contiguous to the city between themselves. Fitz Stephen granted three cantreds to his sister's son, Philip de Barry.

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    “ 1 1 79. In order to secure a quiet possession of this country (granted them by King Henry), they came to an agreement with Dermot, King of Cork, and the other Irish chiefs, to let them have 24 cantreds at a small annual rent ; and they divided seven others, which lay contiguous to the city, between themselves, as is mentioned at large. (Vol. i., Book i., Chap, i.) They also agreed at the same time to divide the rent of the other 24 cantreds equally, which they had granted to the Irish. Fitz Stephen also granted three cantreds to his

    2. Under the year 1150 the Annals of lnnisfallen say : —

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 109

    As the companion tells it

    Cork. In 1179, the English barons who held this country by King Henry's grant sought quiet possession. They came to an agreement with Dermot, King of Cork, and the other Irish chiefs, to take 24 cantreds at a small annual rent. They divided seven cantreds that lay contiguous to the city between themselves. They also agreed to divide the rent of those other 24 cantreds equally, the ones they had granted to the Irish. And Fitz Stephen granted three cantreds to his sister's son, Philip de Barry.

56. Ballynafarsid and Farsid near Aghada: place-name meaning

    Ballynafarsid · townland · Cork

    The townland Ballynafarsid and the village Farsid sit near Aghada in Cork harbour. The word 'farsad' is applied to a sand bank at the mouth of a river, explaining the place-name.

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    There is a townland, Ballynafarsid, and a village Farsid, near Aghada, in Cork harbour. The word fear sad is applied to a sand bank on the mouth of a river. The diocese of Ross, from the earliest times co-extensive with the territory of the Corcalaidhe, at Lynche’s time it was eighteen miles in length, and four or five in width, and consisted of twenty-four parishes, besides three detached parishes, situated around Berehaven. St. Fachnan, in Irish Fachtna, who is also called Lachtna, is patron of the See, being founder of the monastery and bishop of Ross in the sixth century. He was disciple of St. Finbarr

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 441

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere around here is Ballynafarsid, with the village of Farsid close by, near Aghada in Cork harbour. The name comes from a word applied to a sand bank at the mouth of a river. So these places take their meaning from the sand and the water meeting at the coast here.

57. Catholic claims meeting at north chapel Cork

    Cork · city · Cork · 1812

    On 14 August 1812 a numerously attended meeting was held in the north chapel in Cork respecting the Catholic claims, reflecting the political agitation for Catholic emancipation.

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    “August 14, 1812. — A numerously attended meeting was held in the north chapel respecting the Catholic claims.

    “November 6, 1812. — The following is extracted from the Cork Mercantile Chronicle of this date, as illustrative of the style of a party provincial newspaper of this day : — £ Chairing of Mr. Hutchinson. — If an angel could envy the situation of a human being, elevated to the pinnacle of honour by the enthusiastic gratitude of his fellow beings, he would yesterday have envied The Honourable Christopher Hely Hutchinson. Never did we witness such a scene ! Never did the oldest person in our city hear from his progenitors the traditionary description of such an exhibition in Cork, or its environs.

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa

    As the companion tells it

    As you travel through Cork, this city saw a numerously attended meeting on the 14th of August 1812, held in the north chapel, respecting the Catholic claims. That same year, on the 6th of November, the Cork Mercantile Chronicle reported the chairing of the Honourable Christopher Hely Hutchinson. The paper said that if an angel could envy the situation of a human being elevated to honour by the gratitude of his fellow beings, he would have envied Hutchinson. The writer said never did they witness such a scene, and never did the oldest person in the city hear from their forebears the description of such an exhibition in Cork or its environs.

58. Charles I charter brings dissolved religious houses under Cork jurisdiction

    Cork · city · Cork

    A charter of Charles I brought four dissolved religious houses within the jurisdiction of the city of Cork for the first time.

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    “ By another of Charles I. the four dissolved religious houses are, for the first time, brought within the jurisdiction of the city.

    “The final charter — that of George II. — gives licence to the Corporation to hold two fairs annually at a place called the Lough.

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 409

    As the companion tells it

    Cork grew under its charters. One granted by Charles I brought four dissolved religious houses within the jurisdiction of the city for the first time. A later charter, the final one, from George II, gave the Corporation licence to hold two fairs annually at a place called the Lough.

59. Cork city separated from county and made distinct county

    Cork · city · Cork · 1605

    In 1605, the city of Cork and its liberties were separated from the county of Cork and made into a distinct county. The same year, corporations of Bandon and Clonakilty began settling their future forms of government.

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    1605. ££ The city of Cork and its liberties were separated from the county of Cork, and made a distinct county. The same year the corporations of Bandon, Cloughnakilty, &c., began to settle their future form of government.

    1606. “ The Lord Kinsale obtained letters of leave and recom¬ mendations to the king from the lords justices and council. Among other particulars, they inform his Majesty that he had given good testimony* of his loyalty to the crown in the service at Kinsale, besides several other acts of fidelity and forward¬ ness at other times, both in civil and martial affairs ; upon which he obtained an annual pension of ^133 6s. 8d. from King James I.

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 278

    As the companion tells it

    Cork was its own world in 1605. The city and its liberties were separated from the county of Cork and made a distinct county, standing apart from the land around it. That same year, the corporations of Bandon and Clonakilty began to settle their future forms of government. A border was drawn, not in earth but in law, and the city became something separate from the county that shared its name.

60. Danes established in Cork city with adjacent land

    Cork · city · Cork

    By the time of Henry II's grant of Cork, the Danes (Ostmen) had established themselves well in Cork city and held adjacent land. The grant of Cork made by Henry II explicitly mentions the cantred belonging to the Ostmen of the city, which Henry retained in his own hands.

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    Dermod Mac Carthy — king of Desmond, of which Cork then formed a considerable portion — was one of the first to submit to Henry II. In the year 1170 he gained a victory over the English knights, who were left to protect Port Lairge (Water¬ ford). The Danes had by this time established themselves well in Cork city, and we find in the grant of Cork, made by Henry II., that they had also some adjacent land. Dermod Mac Carthy, probably, soon saw the hopelessness of resistance — might was stronger than right. Probably he heard that Henry only intended a polite conquest, such as Mr. Froude has imagined ; that he would be content with a formal submission, and would return to his own land contented with the name of king.

    Dermod was undeceived somewhat rudely. Henry made a grant of the kingdom of Cork to his faithful followers, Robert Fitz Gerald and Miles de Colgan. The grant runs thus

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 107

    As the companion tells it

    This city was already a settled place before the Normans came. The Danes had established themselves well in Cork, and they held land adjacent to it. When Henry II made his grant, he explicitly mentioned the cantred belonging to the Ostmen of the city, and he retained that land in his own hands. Dermod Mac Carthy was king of Desmond, of which this place formed a considerable portion. He was one of the first to submit to Henry II. In 1170 he had gained a victory over the English knights left to protect Waterford. Perhaps he saw that resistance was hopeless, that might was stronger than right. Perhaps he heard that Henry intended only a polite conquest, a formal submission, and would return home contented with the name of king. Dermod was undeceived. Henry granted the kingdom to his faithful followers Robert Fitz Gerald and Miles de Colgan.