A history of the city and county of Cork

Each story keeps the passage it was read from. Open one to read the passage as the book has it, and, where the companion has written its own telling, that too.

1. March from Limerick into Muscraige, laying waste

   Limerick · city · Limerick · 1175

   In 1175, Donal Caomhanch and Fitzpatrick marched from Limerick into Musgary Aodh, laying waste with fire and sword the districts of Beatha and Cullen. Diarmod More MacCarthy met them and concluded a treaty.

   Read the passage

   3. Under the year 1175 we find that Donal Caomhanch and Fitzpatrtck marched from Limerick into Musgary Aodh, and in their rout laid waste with fire and sword Beadach Authe and Culle Grinn ; Diarmod More Mac Carthy came to meet them and concluded a treat . — Annals of lnnisfallen. Under the year. 1177 we find that Milo Cogan was banished from Dublin by Hugh de Lacy, and forced to fly to Corke.

   Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 109

   As the companion tells it

   As you pass through Limerick, this is where a march began in 1175. Donal Caomhanch and Fitzpatrick set out from Limerick into Musgary Aodh. In their route they laid waste with fire and sword Beadach Authe and Culle Grinn. Diarmod More Mac Carthy came to meet them and concluded a treaty. The Annals of Innisfallen keep the record.

2. Plundering expedition as far as Dingle with hostages taken

   Dingle · town · Kerry · 1580

   After a rest of about two months in Limerick, the lord justice set out again and plundered as far as Dingle, taking hostages. Among the hostages were Barrymore, the wife and son of MacCarthy More, the two sons of Mac Maurice of Kerry, O'Sullivan Beare, and others.

   Read the passage

   After a rest of about two months in Limerick, he set out again, and plundered as far as Dingle, taking hostages. Amongst these were Barrymore, the wife and son ^ of Mac Carthy More, the two sons of Mac Maurice of Kerry, 0 Sullivan Beare, Mac Donagh, chief of Duhallow, and the son of Mac

   Carthy Reagh. . A

   Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 213

3. Rare Dock at Spenser's Castle, Kilcoleman

   Kilcolman · townland · Cork

   The extremely rare plant Rumex maritimus was found by a lake or marsh under the ruins of Spenser's Castle at Kilcoleman. The text also mentions another species, the 'Golden Dock', being common around Buttevant and near Ballycotton.

   Read the passage

   Rumex maritimus — By the same lake, or marsh, under the ruins of Spenser’s Castle, Kilcoleman. Extremely rare in Ire¬ land. The “ Golden Dock” of FI. Cork was R. Hydrolapathum, a species common about Buttevant, and near Ballycotton.

   (I. C.j ...

   Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 382

4. Red Abbey, Cork: Augustinian friary founded 1420 by De Courcey

   Cork · city · Cork · 1420–1649

   Red Abbey was founded for Augustinian friars by De Courcey in 1420. At the time of writing, one of its towers still stood in Cumberland Street. Lady Fanshawe's servant escaped by being let down the garden wall of Red Abbey during the Cromwellian seizure of Cork.

   Read the passage

   2. The Red Abbey was founded for Augustinian friars by De Courcey, in 1420. One

   he towers still stands in Cumberland-street.

   Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 293

   As the companion tells it

   As you pass through Cork, the Red Abbey was founded for Augustinian friars by De Courcey in 1420. One of its towers still stood in Cumberland Street. During the Cromwellian seizure of Cork in 1649, Lady Fanshawe's servant escaped by being let down the garden wall of the abbey.

5. Scene at Brian Boru's palace of Kincora

   near Kincora · monument · Clare

   A scene at the palace of Kincora, Brian Boroimhe's royal seat, is noted in connection with his marriage to Gormley and the outbreak of war leading to Clontarf.

   Read the passage

   Doubtful conversion of the Danes to Christianity — Sketch of the general state of Ireland at this period — Brian Boroimhe and his brother Mahoun ( Mathgamham) Brian will have nothing to do with the “Grim Black Gentiles”— The Eoghanists ally themselves with the Danes — Quarrels between the Eoghanists and the Dalcassians The result The treacherous murder of Mahoun in the Co. Cork — Different accounts of this event He places himself under the protection of the Bishop of Cork, who is unable to avert the crime— The Bishop “ maledicts ” all who were concerned— Desecration of the “Gospel of St. Barri” — The site of the murder in the Macroom Mountains The conspiracy by Ivor, the Danish King of Limerick, Donovan, and Molloy The Bishop remains at R ait hen Mor , near Fermoy— One site of the murder at Kilflyn, another shown in the Mushera Mountains— Molloy is cursed for his treachery Brian Boroimhe s vengeance — Elegy on Mahoun’s death, supposed to have been spoken by him Brian revenges his brother’s murder — The battle of Glen-Mama , and its results The sub¬ jugation of the Danes — What led to the battle of Clontarf Brian s marriage with Gormley — Her character — A scene at the palace of Kincora — The war begins in earnest — The battle of Clontarf — The places of the Cork men — Raids on Cork after this battle.

   ^ he year 948 has been assigned as the date of the conversion of the Danes to Christianity ; but if conversion is to be tested by deeds, the less said on the subject the better. Plundering and .burning went on as usual, while the unhappy divisions of the Irish prevented any effectual resistance to the oppressor.

   Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 65

6. St. Barre's tower in Cork suburb

   Cork · city · Cork · 1644

   M. de la Beullaye, a French traveller in Ireland in 1644, wrote that in one of the suburbs of Cork there was an old tower ten or twelve feet in circumference and over one hundred feet high, believed to have been built by St. Barre.

   Read the passage

   A Frenchman, M. de la Beullaye, who travelled in Ireland in 1644, and published an account of his tour at Paris in 1653, writes that — “ In one of the suburbs of Cork there is an old tower, ten or twelve feet in circumference, and more than one hundred feet high, which they firmly hold to have been built

   THE PENAL LAWS.

   Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa

7. St Mary's church Youghal restored by Drew family

   Youghal · town · Cork

   The Rev. Pierce William Drew of The Towers, Youghal, was the restorer of the grand old church of St Mary, Youghal, described as one of the largest and most beautiful churches in Ireland. The Drew family's magnificent outlay enabled the restoration.

   Read the passage

   The senior branch of this most ancient Anglo-Norman family was represented in Ireland by the late John Drew, Esq., of Mean us, county Kerry. His surviving sons are the Rev. Browning Drew, Killallagh, county Kerry, and the Rev. Pi'erce William Drew, The Towers, Yougbal, county of Cork, who has been the restorer of the grand old church of St. Mary, Toughal, one of the largest and most beautiful in Ireland. The origin of the name and family of Drew, as given by Count Gabriel O’Gilvy, “ Austeur des Nobiliare de Normandis, etc., etc., etc.” is acknowledged by Sir Bernard Burke, Ulster king-at-arms of all Ireland, in his Landed Gentry of 1848, and his Peerage of i860. — See Barony of de, Clifford, and is as follows : — “William Pons, so called from his having conquered the Island of Ponar, was Earl of Arques, in Normandy, where his castle is still to be seen. He was eldest son of Richard Burke, of Normandy, grandfather of the conqueror by the said Richard, third wife.

   Papia, daughter of the Earl of Bayent, and his brother was manager Archbishop of Rouen. He was called Iron Arm from his great strength, and conquered Apulia, Calabrid, and part of Africa. He married Beatrix, sister of Guy, Earl of Pontheu, and had three sons, viz. : Walter, who succeeded him at Arques. 2ndly, Drogo, who avoiding the Domesday burvey of Devon, had seventy-three manors in Devon alone ; he is called by Sir William Dugdale, Dru.

   Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 451

8. Water Gate and King and Queen's Castles at Daunt's Square

   Cork · city · Cork · 1600–1699

   The Water Gate and the King and Queen's Castles stood at the end of Castle-street in Cork, where Daunt's Square is now located. The street derived its name and the city its arms from these castles.

   Read the passage

   “ What was Cork like at this time ? Fortunately, we can tell with some exactness. There is a very interesting map of it in the Pacata Hibernia. You see how accurate is Spencer’s description of Cork as an island fayre, enclosed by ‘ the spreading Lee’ with his ‘ divided flood.’ Also Camden’s con¬ temporary account of Cork, as £ of the forme of an egge, with the river flowmge round about it, and runmnge between, not passable through but by bridges lying out at length, as it were, in one direct broad street,’ That ‘ one direct broad street ’ corresponds with our North and South Main-streets. It was then called the £ Royal-street,’ sometimes £the Highstreet,’ and sometimes ‘the Queen’s Majesty’s street.’ At either end of it you observe the North and South Gates, with their forts and drawbridges. Crossing it at right angles is Castle-street, through which flowed (as beneath it flows still,) a branch of the river — ‘the river flowinge betweene’ which Camden observed. At the intersection of Castle-street and the Main -street, where the Young Men’s Society Hall now stands, you observe the ‘Golden Castle’ of the Roches. There the Exchange was afterwards built, and for more than a century the trade of Cork was transacted. At the other end of Castle-street, where Daunt’s-square now is, you will observe ‘ ye Water Gate,’ and the King and Queen’s Castles. To these castles the street owes its name and the city its arms. Ships used to be brought into Castle-street to be unloaded, as at Amsterdam. The custom-house was there to receive them.

   Ihe Royal or (Main) street was also intersected then, as it is now, by narrow lanes. These lanes were the fashionable residences of Cork. In them wealthy merchants had their mansions. You see Skiddy’s Castle in one and Therry’s in

   Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 271

9. Youghal mall formed with assembly and card rooms

   Youghal · town · Cork · 1788

   The mall in Youghal was formed and an elegant large square building was erected at the corporation's expense, containing assembly, card, coffee, and billiard rooms.

   Read the passage

   “December 18, 1788. — The mall, in Youghal, was formed, and an elegant large square building erected thereon, at the expense of the corporation, consisting of an assembly, card, coffee, and billiard rooms.

   “January 12, 1789. — At the trial of Captain Teightly, in Cork, which took place about this time, Mr. Curran, counsel against the prisoner, made use of the following expressions : — ‘ He has acted, gentlemen of the jury, like a ruffian, and I will prove him to your satisfaction to have acted so ; and I will affix infamy on his name, as close as ever the regimentals

   Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 322

10. Youghal's victory over the Danes

    Youghal · town · Cork

    The men of Youghal gained a great victory over the Danes after a period of comparative quiet.

    Read the passage

    Foundation of the City of Cork by St. Finbar— Peace and Plenty for Two Hundred and Fifty Years — Situation of the Abbey of St. Finbar — Extract from Mr. MacCarthys Lecture — Death of Sweeny, Bishop Prince of Cork— Cruel injustice of the English noticed by Bede — Death of Roisseni, Abbot of Great Cork, 685 — The first Danish invasion — Cloyne and Ross devastated — Cogadh Gall re Gaedhil — Extracts from this Work — Cork plundered — Innishannon, on the river Bandon — Curious prophecies — Bec-Mac-De — Prophecy of St. Bercan — Death of Cucaech, Abbot of Cloyne — Death of the Abbot of Kinneigh — Carbery— Rosscarbery — the Wood of the Pilgrims — Cork burned again — Bri-Gobhann (Brigown) plundered — Drowning of Turgesius, the Danish champion — Slaughter of the Danes by the men of Munster — Plunder of Cloyne, Ross, and Kenmare — Fight between the Black and White Gentiles — Death of Columb, Abbot of Cork — The Abbots of Cork and Lismore mortally wounded by the Danes — Death of another Abbot of Cork — Forty years of comparative quiet — -The men of Youghal gain a great victory over the Danes — Cork plundered a.d. S77 — -Death of Reachtaidh, the learned Bishop of Cloyne — The Prior and Abbot of Cloyne slain by the Danes — Death of Arggatann, Abbot of “Great Cork” — A Famine — The Abbot of Trian Cork falls in battle with the Danes — The men of Fermoy bum the Danish camp — Death of the Abbot of Cork, “ Head of the Monks of Ireland,” A.D. 915 — The Danes settle in Cork — The “ nose” tax.

    so the city of Cork was founded

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa

11. Round tower remains at Kinneigh, Co. Cork

    Kinneigh · townland · Cork · 850

    Cill-mor-Cinnech is identified as the great church of Ceann-eide, probably Kinneigh near Inniskeen in the barony of Carbery, Co. Cork, where the remains of a round tower still stand. The abbot Toobhasach died in 850.

    Read the passage

    _ 5- The great church of Ceann-eide. This was probably Ceameich [Kinneigh], near the village of Inniskeen, in the barony of Carbery, Co. Cork, where there is the remains or a round tower.

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 58

12. Ancient distance between Kanturk and Old Head of Kinsale

    Kanturk · town · Cork

    The rocks beneath the town of Kanturk and those at the end of the Old Head of Kinsale are currently 45 miles apart. Geological evidence suggests that before the compressing forces acted on the region, these formations were originally about 90 miles apart.

    Read the passage

    not only been compressed, in one direction, but elongated in others; we, therefore, cannot conclude from the above pro¬ portions that those fossils, and the containing rocks have been condensed to less than half their original volume. Still we may form some idea of the horizontal compression of the rocks at Carrigaline, for instance, which is within our district, and where the ellipsoid of distortion is accurately one of revo¬ lution. If the materials of the Carrigaline slates were absolutely incapable of further condensation , though squeez¬ able, it is easy to calculate that, in their case, the polar axis of the ellipsoid would have been shortened from 1 to 0.601, and the equatorial diameter lengthened from 1 to 1.290. But, doubtless, there must have been some conden¬ sation, and this would make the actual shortening of the polar axis greater, and the lengthening of the equatorial diameter less, than these proportions. The cleavage planes are very steep in the Carrigaline district, sometimes vertical and generally dipping north ; if we take the mean dip at 750 we shall be within the mark. Allowing for this, the horizontal compression of the slates has been from 1 to less than 0.623. When we combine these considerations with that of the generally so great sharpness of the _ folding of the beds and their usually so steep inclination, we may safely conclude that the rock formations, whose present surface is called the county of Cork, have been thrust together in the horizontal direction of W. of N., and E. of S., in some places, into one-third of their original breadth ; though, perhaps, on the whole, into not less than one-half. The rocks on which the town of Kanturk rests, and those which form the end of the Old Head of Kin sale are now 45 miles distant ; but before the compressing force came into action, they were, in all probability 90 miles apart.

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 355

13. Catholic Schoolmaster in Kilmoe Parish

    near Kilmoe · parish · Cork

    A young Irishman, a Papist, taught school about the middle of Kilmoe parish, where there were about nine Protestant families and two hundred Papist families. Teige Coghlan served as Popish priest of Kilmoe and the western part of Skull.

    Read the passage

    from Bantry, by the sea-side, are the ruins of an abbey which belonged to the Franciscans. I don’t hear that there were any other religious houses besides this in the baronies of Beer and Bantry. Humphrey Sullivan is Popish priest of this parish, and of Kilcroghan ; he has been here about twelve years. All the inhabitants are Papists. No Papists are allowed to live within the walls of Bandon. The Earl of Cork, in his leases, has obliged all the tenants not to admit Papists. In the parish of Skull there are about four Protestant families, and about four hundred Papist families. Daniel Carthy is Popish priest of the eastern part of this parish ; he has been here ever since before the late troubles. No glebe in this parish, no registry - book, nor Bible, nor Common Prayer-book. In Kilmoe there are the ruins of a chapel at the west-end of the town dedicated to St. Mullagh. The church of Kilmoe is dedicated to St. Briana, alias Brandon, whese festival is observed. In this parish there are about nine Protestant families, and two hundred Papist. Teige Coghlan is Popish priest of Kilmoe, and of the western part of Skull. He has been here about eight years. A young Irishman, a Papist, teaches school about the middle of the parish. In all the O’Sullivan’s country they observe as a holiday St. Rooane’s Day. At Kinneigh a high round tower stands in the south-west corner of the churchyard. ’Tis sup¬ posed this church was formerly a cathedral. A stone is in the south-west corner of the church of Kinneigh counted very sacred, which the Irish solemnly swear upon. The church is accounted by the Irish very sacred. There is a tradition that formerly in this churchyard there was a well that had great medicinal virtues, and that the concourse of people being very chargeable to the inhabitants, they stopped it up.

    Yet the Catholic had to support both their own clergy and and the Protestant ministers — an injustice of the very gravest kind, and this not only in a general way, but as the Cork Grand Jury presentments show, fees were exacted from the Catholics for every domestic occurrence.4

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 313

    As the companion tells it

    As the road takes you through Kilmoe parish in Cork, the ruins of a chapel stand at the west end of the town, dedicated to St. Mullagh. The church of Kilmoe is dedicated to St. Briana, also called Brandon, whose festival is observed. About nine Protestant families and two hundred Papist families live in this parish. Teige Coghlan is the Popish priest of Kilmoe and the western part of Skull. He has been here about eight years. A young Irishman, a Papist, teaches school about the middle of the parish. The neighbouring parish of Skull has about four Protestant families and four hundred Papist families. Daniel Carthy is Popish priest of the eastern part of that parish and has been there ever since before the late troubles. There is no glebe in Skull, no registry book, nor Bible, nor Common Prayer book. In all the O'Sullivan country they observe St. Rooane's Day as a holiday. At Kinneigh a high round tower stands in the south-west corner of the churchyard. The church is supposed to have been formerly a cathedral. A stone in the south-west corner of the church of Kinneigh is counted very sacred, which the Irish solemnly swear upon. There is a tradition that a well in this churchyard once had great medicinal virtues, and the concourse of people being very chargeable to the inhabitants, they stopped it up. The Catholics had to support both their own clergy and the Protestant ministers, an injustice of the gravest kind. As the Cork Grand Jury presentments show, fees were exacted from Catholics for every domestic occurrence.

14. Clarendon receives freedom of Cork in gold box

    Cork · city · Cork · 1685–1686

    In 1685, the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, Clarendon, was presented with the freedom of the city of Cork in a gold box. The following year Tirconnel visited Cork and was sumptuously entertained by the mayor.

    Read the passage

    In 1685, Clarendon, who was then Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, was presented with the freedom of the city of Cork in a gold box. In 1686, Tirconnel, who was now vice-regent, came to Cork, and was sumptuously entertained by the mayor.

    The difficulties which James II. got himself into with his English subjects can hardly be recorded here, but their effects were felt bitterly in Ireland. When the king’s second wife gave him an heir, William of Orange, who had long flattered himself that he should one day wear the crown of England, saw that no time should be lost if he intended to secure the ' prize, and commenced his preparations with all the ability and with all the duplicity for which his career has been admired by one party, and denounced by the other, according as political and religious opinions viewed the deceit under the strong light of the ability, or the ability under the glare of the deceit. The Protestant party could not but see all that

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 298

15. Dromagh and Lisnacon collieries near Kanturk

    Dromagh · townland · Cork

    Two lines of collieries ran southwest from near Kanturk for eight or nine miles, with Dromagh and Lisnacon being the most important operations. These collieries exploited the coal measures of the region.

    Read the passage

    The principal useful product is, of course, the coal, which is of three kinds, viz. : — anthracite, sometimes containing iron pyrites ; culm, which is a laminated coal, crumbling down on exposure to the air ; and pindy, a shale which is sometimes sufficiently carbonaceous to be used as fuel. Seams of coal have been worked in different places near the Mullaghareirk hills, and at Glencollin colliery, about a mile S. of Kingwilliamstown. There are two lines of collieries beginning two or three miles S.W. of Kanturk, and running, for eight or nine miles, towards W.S.W. ; of these the Dromagh and Lisnacon collieries are the most important. Several pits of culm have been worked near Gneeves and Bally dough, six or eight miles E.S.E. of Kanturk. Iron-stone and wavellite occurs in this formation, and some spas rise therein, as near Kanturk, etc.

    We have now described all the geological formations of Cork, except the Drift ; but chronological order requires that we post¬ pone the consideration of it for the present.

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 352

16. Fermoy granted to Flemings then Roches

    Fermoy · townland · Cork

    After the English invasion, the country of Feara Muighe Feine (Fermoy) was granted to the Flemings, from whom it passed to the Roches and became known as 'Crioch Riosteach' or Roche's country. Before the invasion, the O'Keeffes and O'Duggans had possessed the territory.

    Read the passage

    Gleann Amhnach had then its own king or prince, to whom seven shields and seven swords were given as tribute,5 and no doubt he headed the O’Keeffes ( O'Caoimh ), whose district was Gleanna Amhnach , the present Gian worth, in the barony of Fermoy, Co. Cork. The Duggans ( O' Dub hag ain ) were their neighbours, and before the English invasion these two tribes possessed Fermoy, Condons and Clongibbons. The boundary between them cannot be determined precisely now, but the O’Duggans’ country was between O'Caoimh and the Ui Fidhghente. After the English invasion the country of Feara Muighe Feine was granted to the Flemings, from whom it passed to the Roches, and was called Crioch Riosteach , or “ Roche’s country.” The Duggans claim descent from the celebrated Druid Mogh Ruith . His descendant, who

    5. Book of Rights, p. 79. See also Fermoy in topographical part of present work, and Illustrated History, new edition, p. 240,

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 28

17. Founding of the See of Cloyne

    Cloyne · town · Cork · 560

    St. Colman Mac Lenin, a distinguished poet and companion of St. Finbar, founded the See of Cloyne. According to the Psalter of Cashel, Eocharedh, Monarch of Ireland, founded the church of Cloyne for St. Colman in 560.

    Read the passage

    But a higher authority, the Right Rev. Dr. Moran, Bishop of Ossory, the able editor of the new edition of Archdall's Monasticon, says “ There seems no ground for doubting the accuracy of the statement made by O’Halloran in his History of Ireland, on the authority of the Psalter of Cashel, that Eocharedh , Monarch of Ireland in 560, founded the church of Cloyne for St. Colman.

    Dr. Lanigan is very severe on Smith’s inaccuracies. He says : — “ Smith might have easily known that Senin’s daughter could not have been Bridget of Kildare, and that the sixth of March was not the day of this great saint’s (estival. And was he so ignorant of Latin as not to know the meaning of frater Germanus ?”

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 95

18. Free Debating Society founded in Cork, 1772

    Cork · city · Cork · 1772

    The Free Debating Society existed in Cork by 1772, with Henry Sheares—father of the brothers who took a prominent part in the 1798 rebellion—as its president. The clubs that preceded the United Irishmen movement were principally founded by Protestants.

    Read the passage

    The Free Debating Society existed in Cork in 1772, and the president of the society was Henry Sheares, the father of the young men who took so prominent a part in the rebellion of ’98. At a time when a leading statesman has put forward the extraordinary doctrine that it is impossible to be at one

    I. See notes at the end of this chapter.

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 325

19. French fishing vessels off Bantry Bay (1767)

    near Bantry Bay · bay · Cork · 1767

    A complaint was made in a Cork newspaper that fifty French vessels were fishing for mackerel on the coast near Bantry Bay without interruption from the revenue cruisers.

    Read the passage

    “ May 3, 1767. — A complaint was made in one of the Cork newspapers of fifty French vessels fishing for mackerel on the coast near Bantry Bay without interruption from the revenue

    cruizers.

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 318

20. Galtee Mountains described as boggy with a large hilltop pond

    near Galty Mountains · mountain or mountain range · Limerick · 1681

    Dinley, touring Ireland in 1681, observed that great bogs and ponds were found on the very tops of hills and mountains in Ireland. He specifically noted that the Galty hill had a large pond and was boggy, a feature he found remarkable.

    Read the passage

    either wood or coale, though not so durable as the latter. Turfe and wood mixed together, as I have seen in Holland, make a most admirable fire. Those which are for the use of the chamber are cutt neat and square like bricks, and of that bi ernes : but those which are used in the offices of the house for the kitchen, bakeing or breading, are cutt in lumps of any shape they can easiest rid them from the bogg, and make the greatest despatch of as to quantity. There is yet resting a very famous wood belonging to ye Earl of Stafford, called ]. The scullogues, in digging for turfe, find large whole trees of oak, elme, and firr, which two last are rarely seen growing in this kingdom. The soyie is generally rude, neglected, woody, shrubby, wild, marshy, boggy, full of large pools, loghs, or meers, and great boggs and ponds are seen upon the very tops of hills and mountain's, as the Galty hill hath a large pond and is boggy, as also is Gallows hill, between Limerick and Sixmile-bridge, in ye county of Thomond, and others.”

    The temperature is thus described : —

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 268

21. Glacial striations at Fermoy railway cutting

    Fermoy · townland · Cork

    Glacial scorings at the railway cutting near Fermoy indicate ice movement towards the south-south-east across east Cork. The direction agrees with the expected deflection of ice passing the Galtees and Knockmealdown mountains.

    Read the passage

    under the term “Drift.” Now the limestone drift of south Limerick and north Cork, and the blocks of Limerick traps have been everywhere carried southward both on to the Coal Measures, in the country west of Charleville, and on to the Old Red Sandstone east of the same town ; and the sand¬ stone debris of the Ballyhoura hills (S.E. of Charleville) has, in its turn, been carried over the limestone south of those hills. In the demesne of Miltown Castle, a few miles westward of Charle¬ ville, the vertical beds of rock have their edges forced over to the south. This is a very frequent phenomenon in other dis¬ tricts, and wherever it occurs on level ground the direction in which the edges of the beds have been bent always agrees with that of the ice-movement in the neighbourhood. This phenomenon is unquestionably the effect of the ice, and it is to be taken as part of its traces. This ice, having passed the constraint of the Galtees and the Knockmealdown mountains (for these seem not to have been centres of dispersion), and probably now feeling the pressure of that from Kerry, would necessarily turn somewhat eastward, and cross east Cork, moving towards S.S.E. This is the direction of some scorings at the railway cutting near Fermoy, and we may venture to predict that the general course of the normal undeflected glacial striations in that district will be found to be in that direction.

    Many of the large blocks of rock which are now perched in the hills, as well as low grounds, must have been moved by the land ice (though some, particularly bhe yfor- transported ones, must have been moved otherwise, as we shall see presently). There are many instances of these, too numerous to mention. There are two very large ones close to Dumnanway, one of which is called the White Horse Rock. The largest of all probably is the one standing beside the Ship Lough, two and a-half miles W.N.W. of Dunmanway ; it is called the Ship Rock, and has a legend attached to it. Its measurement, roughly taken, is 40 x 25 x 16 feet; its weight must be 1,100 or 1,200 tons.

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 366

22. Grey Friary on north side of Cork entirely demolished

    near Shandon · locality · Cork

    The Franciscan building, which stood on the north side of Cork city, was entirely demolished by the time of writing. It had been called the Monastery of the Blessed Virgin Mary of Shandon.

    Read the passage

    “ This building, which stood on the north side of the city, is now entirely demolished.”

    Further, Francis Ward, in a MS. History of the Order, says : —

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 416

23. Ice traces on Whiddy Island

    near Whiddy Island · island or archipelago · Cork

    The glacial ice that entered the upper part of Bantry Bay crossed the bay, leaving visible traces on Whiddy Island and near Dunnamark. These traces demonstrate the movement of the ice across the harbour.

    Read the passage

    of the ice nan be traced backwards, not only to the col pierced by the tunnel between Glengariff and Kenmare, but down the valley beyond, where the scorings will be seen running uphili towards Glengariff. About five miles eastward of the tunnel, the ice has left its marks running from the Kerry side up the valley leading to the col , about i ,480 feet high, traversed by the Priest’s Leap road. Similar instances can be found eise where. The scoring flood has left its strongly-marked traces running across the crest of this mountain ridge dividing Cork from Kerry, in many places, from the col at the head of the Coomhola valley to near Kilmakilloge harbour, a distance of seventeen miles, and no doubt, for a greater length. Its groovings are well seen on the top of the hill, 1,393 feet high, just beside the above-mentioned tunnel, on the east. This place is easily accessible, and any one standing there will see in a moment that the rock-scoring agent did not start from the hills above Glengariff. The glaciating flood has completely submerged the ridge, of which we have been speaking, at least within the limits mentioned ; it has swept over the southern Knockbwee, 2,321 feet in height, the most elevated point of that ridge, having left its marks in four places east and south¬ east of the summit, and only ninety feet below it. It has also overflowed Knockowen, 2,169 feet, near Kilmakilloge harbour (that is to say during its greatest development ; for afterwards the mountains there sent down their own ice northwestwards into Kilmakilloge harbour) ; and there is no reason to doubt its having submerged the head of Slieve Daid, or Hungry Hill, 2,251 feet high, near Adragole. We have not been on the summit to ascertain this ; but we have seen its scorings on the spur, running towards Adragole harbour, which shew that it flowed across that spur, close past the mountain itself. (I he indications of enormous depths of land ice afforded by the above phenomena accord with what we find in the striking y glaciated district of west Galway and Mayo, m North A ales, in Cumbria, and in Scotland.) The ice which entered the upper part of Bantry Bay proceeded to cross the bay, as we see from its traces cm the east side of Glengariff harbour ; on Whiddy Island, and near Dunnamark (one mile north of Bantry). Some of it even turned, as at the head of the bay to flow inland towards N.E. We find that at Ardnagashel it had already turned somewhat, but by the time it reached Snave it got round into the direction mentioned ; this deflection, how¬ ever was only local, and caused by the general shape of the

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 363

24. Kinneigh medicinal well tradition

    Kinneigh · townland · Cork · 1690–1699

    A tradition held that a well in Kinneigh churchyard once had great medicinal virtues. The concourse of people seeking it was so chargeable to the inhabitants that they stopped it up.

    Read the passage

    lias obliged all the tenants not to admit Papists. In the parish of Skull there are about four Protestant families, and about four hundred Papist families; Daniel Carthy is Popish priest of the eastern part of this parish ; he- has been here ever since before the late troubles. No glebe in this parish, no registry-book, nor Bible, nor common prayer 1 o ik . In Kilmoe there are the ruins of’ a chapel at the westr end of the town dedicated to St. Mullagh. 'Phe church of Kilmoe is dedicated to St. Briana, alias Brandon, whose festival is observed in this parish. There are about nine Protestant families, and two hundred Papists ; Teige Coghlen is Popish priest of Kilmoe, and of the western part, or Skull ; he has been here about eight years. A young Irishman, a Papist, teaches school about the middle of the parish. In all O’Sullivan’s country they observe as a holiday 1 St. Eooane’s Day.’ At Kinneigh a high round tower stands on the south¬ west corner of the church-yard. ’Tis supposed this church was formerly a cathedral. A stone is on the south-west corner of the church of Kinneigh, counted very sacred, which the Irish solemnly swear upon. The church is accounted by the Irish very sacred. There is a tradition that formerly, in this churchyard, there was a well that had great medicinal virtues, and that the concourse of people being very chargeable to the inhabitants they stopped it up. In Murragh, Daniel Hurly, a quiet man, is Popish priest of this and three or four contiguous parishes ; there are more Protestants than Papists ; there was a registry lately bought, and a Bible, and two Common Prayer books. In Desertsurgis there are one hundred and fifty families of Protestants ; no Popish schoolmaster in this parish ; a Bible and Common Prayer book lately bought ; Denis Mahony is Popish priest of this parish.”

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 187

25. Lord Inchiquin seizes tobacco stores at Cork, Kinsale, and Youghal

    Cork · city · Cork · 1642

    Lord Inchiquin seized all the tobacco in store at Cork, Kinsale, and Youghal, as the Parliamentary army was in great need of money. There was a general seizure by everyone of all that could be laid hands on.

    Read the passage

    that could be laid hands on, and Lord Inchiquin seized all the tobacco in store at Cork, Kinsale, and Youghah

    St. Leger died in July of a broken heart. He was de¬ votedly attached to Charles, but he could not fail to see that his interest lay with those who were in rebellion against him. The king appointed Lord Muskery to the office of president, but the lords justices chose Lord Inchiquin. He was a waverer, but this kept him on the Parliamentary side.

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 291

    As the companion tells it

    As you pass Cork, this city saw a general seizure in 1642. The Parliamentary army needed money, and all laid hands on what they could. Lord Inchiquin seized all the tobacco in store at Cork, Kinsale, and Youghal. Saint Leger died in July of a broken heart, devotedly attached to Charles, yet seeing his interest lay with those in rebellion against him. The king appointed Lord Muskery president, but the lords justices chose Lord Inchiquin, a waverer. This kept him on the Parliamentary side.

26. Lords Justices dine at Mallow en route to Limerick

    Mallow · town · Cork · 1741

    In 1741 the Lords Justices travelled from Cork toward Limerick, dining at Major Clayton's house in Mallow and overnighting near Charleville at Captain Oliver's. The journey formed part of a wider tour reviewing garrisons and militia across Ireland.

    Read the passage

    entertained, on their return, by the bishop. On the 29th they set out for Limerick, and dined that day at Major Clayton’s, in Mallow, lying at Captain Oliver’s, near Charleville. On the 30th they arrived in Limerick, being attended through that county by the sheriffs and principal gentlemen, and were received at the gates of the city by the Mayor and Aldermen, in their formalities, with the usual ceremonies, the cannons being discharged, and the regiment of foot, com¬ manded by General Tiffin and Brigadier- General Ingoldsby, lining the street. Having reviewed these regiments, they visited the works about the place and the stores. On the 2nd of August they left Limerick and dined with Sir Donogh O’Brien, at Six-mile- bridge, and lay that night at Mr. Hick¬ man’s, near Ennis, being attended by the sheriff and other principal gentlemen in the county of Clare. They were met on the borders of Galway by Sir George St. George, governor of that county, with many gentlemen, who attended their lordships to the gates of Galway, where they were received by the mayor and other magistrates in their formalities, twelve companies of Colonel Brewer’s regiment in garrison lining the streets, and all the cannon being discharged. On the 4th their lordships reviewed the said twelve companies of Colonel Brewer’s regiment in garrison.

    “ On the 4th their lordships reviewed the said twelve companies, dined with the mayor, and viewed the works about tl;e town. The 5th they lay at Dean Pearce’s, near Loughrea. Thence they went to Athlone, where they were received by Mr. Attorney-General Rochfort, commander of the militia of Westmeath ; part of the militia of horse, foot, and dragoons being under arms on the occasion, and the cannon of that place being discharged. Their lordships went to church there on the 7th, and that evening lay at Mr. Peyton’s, near Ballymore. Next morning they reviewed Colonel Webb’s regiment of foot, and Rosse’s regiment of dragoons, which were encamped near that place. On August 1 ith they arrived at Dublin.”

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 308

27. Lords Justices received at Cork city gates

    Cork · city · Cork

    The Lords Justices arrived at Cork, met some miles from the town by the bishop, clergy, and gentlemen of the diocese. They were received at the city gates by the mayor and aldermen in formalities, entertained at a cost of £200, and made free of the city.

    Read the passage

    “ On the 25th they came to Cork, being met some miles from the town by the bishop and clergy of the diocese, and several gentlemen, and were received at the gates of the city by the mayor and aldermen in their formalities, by whom they were sumptuously entertained at the expense of .£200, and were made free of the city. On the 26th they went to Kinsale, visited the fort, and reviewed Sir Matthew Bridges’ regiment of foot. On the 28th they returned to Cork, where they reviewed the royal regiment of foot, commanded by Colonel Hamilton ; and having taken a view of the harbour, were

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 307

28. Muskerry barony named from Cairbre Muse

    near Muskerry · street · Cork · 200–299

    The barony of Muskerry takes its name from Cairbre Muse, son of Conaire Mor, monarch of Ireland at the beginning of the third century. According to O'h-Uidhrin's topographical poem, there were six Muscraidhes in Munster, associated with different tribal territories.

    Read the passage

    Muskeky, Barony of, obtains its name from Cairbre Muse the son of Conaire Mor, monarch of Ireland, in the beginning of the third century. According to 0 h-Uidhrm s top - graphical poem, there were six Muscraidhes, m -Muns > namely — i Muscraidhe Mitme, the country of Ohio] nil , 2, Muscraidhe Luachra, the country of O h *

    Abhainn Mhor (Blackwater) ; 3 Muscraidhe tti Maighe, the

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 438

29. O'Donoghue More lord of Lough Leane

    near Lough Leane · lake or lakes · Kerry · 1567

    A contemporary discourse lists O'Donogliue More as lord of Loghi Lene (Lough Leane), commanding sixteen horsemen and two hundred kerne. The entry forms part of a detailed assessment of Irish lordship military strength in Munster.

    Read the passage

    “ Item. O’Donogliue More is lord of Logli Lene, and will be xvi. horsemenne and cc. kerne.

    “ O’Donogliue Glanlisk [Glenflesk] will be vi. horsemenne

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa

30. Old Head of Kinsale tunnelled by waves, Holeopen Bay

    near Old Head of Kinsale · promontory · Cork

    The narrow, far-projecting Old Head of Kinsale has been tunnelled through by the waves in one place, giving rise to the name Holeopen Bay on its eastern side.

    Read the passage

    ridges, as fast as the limestone of the valley was lowered by the atmosphere. The river Lee affords a similar instance. Instead of following the limestone valley on to Castlemartyr, etc., it leaves that valley at Passage and cuts across two sand¬ stone ridges to reach the open sea. There are some other, though less striking, cases, all of which are capable of the same explanation, which depends upon the principle tha*t the shapes of the ground in this district have been chiefly wrought by the atmosphere. To this we may add that the present work of the sea on the coast of Cork is quite different from anything to be seen inland. A careful consideration of the conformation of a mountain district, such as that of west Cork, seems to lead unavoidably to thq conclusion that its shapes have not been . wrought by the sea. Even the bays of the present coast have not been formed by that agent ; they are the submerged lower ends of pre-existing valleys which run some distance inland. The sea, by its more powerful action on the exposed headlands, is escarping them into precipices, i.e., wearing them away, leaving the inner parts of the bays but slightly affected, in comparison ; it is, therefore, tending to obliterate the bays. How could the ocean waves, by their own violence, work out a recess which shall be sheltered from that violence ? How could a “ Statio bene jida cannis ” result from the destructive action of the sea itself \ We are not slighting the tremendous force of the Atlantic waves on this coast, but only pointing out that they have their own peculiar work, which seems to be escarping higher ground into precipices and eroding lower ground into creeks, cooses, and channels. In some instances the effects of sea action, even within the historical period, are made very evident ; as in the case of Duneen Ca3tle, near Rosscarbery, half of which, with the rock on which it stood, has been, in course of time, swept away; a similar case is presented by Dunanore Castle, on Cape Clear Island. The narrow far-projecting Old Head of Kinsale has been tunnelled through by the waves, in one place : whence the recess on the eastern side of it is called Holeopen Bay. There are many fine caves on the coast which have been worked out by the sea ; as, for instance, near Rosscarbery. Some of them have puffing holes opening up to the surface of the ground above, through which the waves send jets of spray to a great height, after the manner of Mac Swine’s Gun, in Donegal. There is one of these on the east side of the south entrance of Baltimore harbour, called Hell Hole. There are some great sea caves

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 362

    As the companion tells it

    As you come through Baltimore in Cork, the harbour holds a feature the book calls Hell Hole. It sits on the east side of the south entrance to Baltimore harbour, a puffing hole worked into the rock by the sea. The waves drive through it and send jets of spray up to a great height, like Mac Swine's Gun in Donegal. The book spends some time on how the coast of Cork got its shape. It argues that the bays were not carved by the sea but are the drowned lower ends of valleys that ran inland. The sea works on the exposed headlands, escarping them into precipices and wearing them away, while the inner parts of the bays are left but slightly affected. So the sea tends to obliterate the bays rather than create them. The waves erode lower ground into creeks, cooses, and channels. A good sheltered harbour could not result from the destructive action of the sea itself. The book points to Duneen Castle near Rosscarbery, where half the castle and the rock it stood on have been swept away over time. Dunanore Castle on Cape Clear Island shows the same. The Old Head of Kinsale, narrow and far-projecting, has been tunnelled through by the waves in one place, and the recess on the eastern side is called Holeopen Bay. Fine caves near Rosscarbery were worked out by the sea, some with puffing holes opening to the surface above. Hell Hole at Baltimore is one of these.

31. Plunder of Cloyne, Ross, and Kenmare

    Kenmare · townland · Kerry

    Following the slaughter of the Danes by the men of Munster, the locations of Cloyne, Ross, and Kenmare were plundered.

    Read the passage

    The first Danish invasion — Cloyne and Ross devastated — Cogadh Gall re Gaedhil — Extracts from this Work — Cork plundered — Innishannon, on the river Bandon — Curious prophecies — Bec- Mac-De — Prophecy of St. Bercan — Death of Cucaech, Abbot of Cloyne — Death of the Abbot of Kinneigh — Carbery — Rosscarbery — the Wood of the Pilgrims— Cork burned again — Bri-Gobhann (Brigown) plundered — Drowning of Turgesius, the Danish champion — Slaughter of the Danes by the men of Munster — Plunder of Cloyne, Ross, and Kenmare — Fight between the Black and White Gentiles — Death of Columb, Abbot of Cork — The Abbots of Cork and Lismore mortally.^ wounded by the Danes —

    Death ot another Abbot ol Cork — Forty years of comparative

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 5

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere around here, Kenmare was plundered after the men of Munster slaughtered the Danes. The source lists these events in a sequence of raids and battles across Cork, but gives no detail beyond the fact. Cloyne and Ross were plundered at the same time. The record comes from the Cogadh Gall re Gaedhil, a chronicle of the Norse wars in Ireland.

32. St. Rooane's Day in O'Sullivan's Country

    Bear · electoral division · Cork

    In all of the O'Sullivan's country, St. Rooane's Day was observed as a holiday. This reflects the persistence of local Catholic traditions in the region.

    Read the passage

    from Bantry, by the sea-side, are the ruins of an abbey which belonged to the Franciscans. I don’t hear that there were any other religious houses besides this in the baronies of Beer and Bantry. Humphrey Sullivan is Popish priest of this parish, and of Kilcroghan ; he has been here about twelve years. All the inhabitants are Papists. No Papists are allowed to live within the walls of Bandon. The Earl of Cork, in his leases, has obliged all the tenants not to admit Papists. In the parish of Skull there are about four Protestant families, and about four hundred Papist families. Daniel Carthy is Popish priest of the eastern part of this parish ; he has been here ever since before the late troubles. No glebe in this parish, no registry - book, nor Bible, nor Common Prayer-book. In Kilmoe there are the ruins of a chapel at the west-end of the town dedicated to St. Mullagh. The church of Kilmoe is dedicated to St. Briana, alias Brandon, whese festival is observed. In this parish there are about nine Protestant families, and two hundred Papist. Teige Coghlan is Popish priest of Kilmoe, and of the western part of Skull. He has been here about eight years. A young Irishman, a Papist, teaches school about the middle of the parish. In all the O’Sullivan’s country they observe as a holiday St. Rooane’s Day. At Kinneigh a high round tower stands in the south-west corner of the churchyard. ’Tis sup¬ posed this church was formerly a cathedral. A stone is in the south-west corner of the church of Kinneigh counted very sacred, which the Irish solemnly swear upon. The church is accounted by the Irish very sacred. There is a tradition that formerly in this churchyard there was a well that had great medicinal virtues, and that the concourse of people being very chargeable to the inhabitants, they stopped it up.

    Yet the Catholic had to support both their own clergy and and the Protestant ministers — an injustice of the very gravest kind, and this not only in a general way, but as the Cork Grand Jury presentments show, fees were exacted from the Catholics for every domestic occurrence.4

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 313

    As the companion tells it

    As you pass through Bantry, down by the sea-side, there are the ruins of an abbey that belonged to the Franciscans. It was the only religious house in the baronies of Beer and Bantry. At the time this was written, all the inhabitants of the parish were Catholic, and the parish priest, Humphrey Sullivan, had been there about twelve years. The writer noted that no other religious houses existed in these baronies besides this Franciscan abbey. The Catholic community here, as across the county, had to support their own clergy while also bearing the costs imposed by the Protestant establishment. The Cork Grand Jury presentments show that fees were exacted from Catholics for every domestic occurrence, which the writer called an injustice of the gravest kind. The ruins themselves are all that remains of that Franciscan presence along the coast.

33. Viking plunder of Brigown, Co. Cork

    Brigown · townland · Cork

    Vikings plundered Bri Gobhann (now Brigown, Co. Cork), along with Cill Ita and Cuil Emhni, using a fleet that had landed in Ciaraighe Luachra, Co. Kerry. The site name means 'Hill of the Smith.'

    Read the passage

    They plunder Bvi Gobhcinii? in the Co. Cork, Cill Ita , and Cuil Emhni by a fleet which landed in Ciciwuighe Lucichva ,

    Co. Kerry.

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 59

34. Agreement for 24 cantreds in Cork, 1179

    Cork · city · Cork · 1179

    In 1179, the English barons agreed with Dermot, King of Cork, and other Irish chiefs to take 24 cantreds at a small annual rent, and divided seven cantreds contiguous to the city between themselves. Fitz Stephen granted three cantreds to his sister's son, Philip de Barry.

    Read the passage

    “ 1 1 79. In order to secure a quiet possession of this country (granted them by King Henry), they came to an agreement with Dermot, King of Cork, and the other Irish chiefs, to let them have 24 cantreds at a small annual rent ; and they divided seven others, which lay contiguous to the city, between themselves, as is mentioned at large. (Vol. i., Book i., Chap, i.) They also agreed at the same time to divide the rent of the other 24 cantreds equally, which they had granted to the Irish. Fitz Stephen also granted three cantreds to his

    2. Under the year 1150 the Annals of lnnisfallen say : —

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 109

    As the companion tells it

    Cork. In 1179, the English barons who held this country by King Henry's grant sought quiet possession. They came to an agreement with Dermot, King of Cork, and the other Irish chiefs, to take 24 cantreds at a small annual rent. They divided seven cantreds that lay contiguous to the city between themselves. They also agreed to divide the rent of those other 24 cantreds equally, the ones they had granted to the Irish. And Fitz Stephen granted three cantreds to his sister's son, Philip de Barry.

35. Ballynafarsid and Farsid near Aghada: place-name meaning

    Ballynafarsid · townland · Cork

    The townland Ballynafarsid and the village Farsid sit near Aghada in Cork harbour. The word 'farsad' is applied to a sand bank at the mouth of a river, explaining the place-name.

    Read the passage

    There is a townland, Ballynafarsid, and a village Farsid, near Aghada, in Cork harbour. The word fear sad is applied to a sand bank on the mouth of a river. The diocese of Ross, from the earliest times co-extensive with the territory of the Corcalaidhe, at Lynche’s time it was eighteen miles in length, and four or five in width, and consisted of twenty-four parishes, besides three detached parishes, situated around Berehaven. St. Fachnan, in Irish Fachtna, who is also called Lachtna, is patron of the See, being founder of the monastery and bishop of Ross in the sixth century. He was disciple of St. Finbarr

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 441

36. Catholic claims meeting at north chapel Cork

    Cork · city · Cork · 1812

    On 14 August 1812 a numerously attended meeting was held in the north chapel in Cork respecting the Catholic claims, reflecting the political agitation for Catholic emancipation.

    Read the passage

    “August 14, 1812. — A numerously attended meeting was held in the north chapel respecting the Catholic claims.

    “November 6, 1812. — The following is extracted from the Cork Mercantile Chronicle of this date, as illustrative of the style of a party provincial newspaper of this day : — £ Chairing of Mr. Hutchinson. — If an angel could envy the situation of a human being, elevated to the pinnacle of honour by the enthusiastic gratitude of his fellow beings, he would yesterday have envied The Honourable Christopher Hely Hutchinson. Never did we witness such a scene ! Never did the oldest person in our city hear from his progenitors the traditionary description of such an exhibition in Cork, or its environs.

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa

    As the companion tells it

    As you travel through Cork, this city saw a numerously attended meeting on the 14th of August 1812, held in the north chapel, respecting the Catholic claims. That same year, on the 6th of November, the Cork Mercantile Chronicle reported the chairing of the Honourable Christopher Hely Hutchinson. The paper said that if an angel could envy the situation of a human being elevated to honour by the gratitude of his fellow beings, he would have envied Hutchinson. The writer said never did they witness such a scene, and never did the oldest person in the city hear from their forebears the description of such an exhibition in Cork or its environs.

37. Charles I charter brings dissolved religious houses under Cork jurisdiction

    Cork · city · Cork

    A charter of Charles I brought four dissolved religious houses within the jurisdiction of the city of Cork for the first time.

    Read the passage

    “ By another of Charles I. the four dissolved religious houses are, for the first time, brought within the jurisdiction of the city.

    “The final charter — that of George II. — gives licence to the Corporation to hold two fairs annually at a place called the Lough.

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 409

38. Cork city separated from county and made distinct county

    Cork · city · Cork · 1605

    In 1605, the city of Cork and its liberties were separated from the county of Cork and made into a distinct county. The same year, corporations of Bandon and Clonakilty began settling their future forms of government.

    Read the passage

    1605. ££ The city of Cork and its liberties were separated from the county of Cork, and made a distinct county. The same year the corporations of Bandon, Cloughnakilty, &c., began to settle their future form of government.

    1606. “ The Lord Kinsale obtained letters of leave and recom¬ mendations to the king from the lords justices and council. Among other particulars, they inform his Majesty that he had given good testimony* of his loyalty to the crown in the service at Kinsale, besides several other acts of fidelity and forward¬ ness at other times, both in civil and martial affairs ; upon which he obtained an annual pension of ^133 6s. 8d. from King James I.

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 278

39. Danes established in Cork city with adjacent land

    Cork · city · Cork

    By the time of Henry II's grant of Cork, the Danes (Ostmen) had established themselves well in Cork city and held adjacent land. The grant of Cork made by Henry II explicitly mentions the cantred belonging to the Ostmen of the city, which Henry retained in his own hands.

    Read the passage

    Dermod Mac Carthy — king of Desmond, of which Cork then formed a considerable portion — was one of the first to submit to Henry II. In the year 1170 he gained a victory over the English knights, who were left to protect Port Lairge (Water¬ ford). The Danes had by this time established themselves well in Cork city, and we find in the grant of Cork, made by Henry II., that they had also some adjacent land. Dermod Mac Carthy, probably, soon saw the hopelessness of resistance — might was stronger than right. Probably he heard that Henry only intended a polite conquest, such as Mr. Froude has imagined ; that he would be content with a formal submission, and would return to his own land contented with the name of king.

    Dermod was undeceived somewhat rudely. Henry made a grant of the kingdom of Cork to his faithful followers, Robert Fitz Gerald and Miles de Colgan. The grant runs thus

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 107

40. Death of Meredith, son of Robert Fitz Stephen, at Cork

    Cork · city · Cork · 1180

    The Annals of Innisfallen record the death of Meredith, son of Robert Fitz Stephen, at Cork in 1180.

    Read the passage

    The Annals of I mils fallen, under the year 1180, enter the death of Meredith, son of Robert Fitz Stephen, at Cork.

    1183. Great slaughter was made by the English of Cork, and Robert Fitz Stephens was forced to retire to the citadel for protection, till Raymond Le Gros came with his English

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 110

41. Dominican friary at Youghal reformed in 1493

    Youghal · town · Cork · 1493–1504

    The Dominican friary at Youghal was reformed by Bartholomew Cornatius (Bononiensis), the 23rd master of the order, as recorded in the register of Joachim Turrianus. The friars of Cork, Limerick, and Youghal were later specially praised by Pope Julius II for desiring regular observance.

    Read the passage

    “ 1301 — Vincentio de Bandello was appointed to retorm the houses of the Dominicans, and for this purpose was armed with Apostolical authority. He addressed himself to the work with zeal; but being unable to visit Ireland m person he deputed John de Baufremey, of Holland, to represent him. The friars of Cork, Limerick, and Youghal, were pre-eminent in desiring to submit themselves to regular observance ; and are specially mentioned and lauded m the Bull issued to

    Baufremely, in 1504, by Pope Julius H.

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 449

42. Elizabeth Fort bombarded during the siege of Cork

    near Elizabeth Fort · street · Cork · 1690

    During the 1690 siege of Cork, Elizabeth Fort in Barrack Street was bombarded from multiple batteries. The author notes that despite Lord Macaulay's claim it 'lies in ruins,' the fort remained in good preservation at the time of writing.

    Read the passage

    8. The fort, i. e., the Elizabeth fort, in Barrack street. This fort, which Lord Macaulay, says “lies in ruins,” is in good preservation to the present day.

    37# DUKE OF GRAFTON MORTALLY WOUNDED.

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 303

43. Fashionable narrow lanes of seventeenth-century Cork

    Cork · city · Cork · 1600–1699

    The narrow lanes intersecting Cork's main street were the fashionable residences of the city in the seventeenth century, where wealthy merchants had their mansions. Skiddy's Castle and Therry's were among the notable residences in these lanes.

    Read the passage

    Ihe Royal or (Main) street was also intersected then, as it is now, by narrow lanes. These lanes were the fashionable residences of Cork. In them wealthy merchants had their mansions. You see Skiddy’s Castle in one and Therry’s in

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 271

44. Fertile country around Kenmare described in 1645

    Kenmare · townland · Kerry · 1645

    A priest accompanying Monsignor Rinuccini to Ireland in 1645 described the country around Kenmare as agreeable pasture land abundantly stocked with cattle, interspersed with groves and woods. Beyond the mountains lay an immense cultivated plain rich with oxen and sheep producing fine wool.

    Read the passage

    “ The country through which we passed [the party landed at Kenmare, Co. Kerry], though situated in a mountainous district, is agreeable ; and being entirely pasture land, is most abundantly stocked with cattle of every kind. Occasionally one meets a long tract of valley interspersed with groves and woods, which as they are neither high nor densely planted, partakes more of the agreeable than of the gloomy. For seventy miles the country which we meet was almost entirely of this character ; but having once crossed the mountains we entered upon an immense plain, occasionally diversified with hills and valley, highly cultivated and enriched with an infinite number of cattle, especially oxen and sheep, from the latter of which is obtained the very finest of what is known amongst us as English wool.

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 273

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere around here in 1645, a priest travelling with Monsignor Rinuccini described the country as agreeable pasture land, abundantly stocked with cattle of every kind. The valleys were interspersed with groves and woods, neither high nor densely planted, partaking more of the agreeable than of the gloomy. For 70 miles the country held this character. Once the mountains were crossed, the party entered an immense plain, diversified with hills and valley, highly cultivated and rich with oxen and sheep, from which was obtained the very finest of what was known as English wool.

45. Fourteenth Earl of Desmond dies at Askeaton

    Askeaton · townland · Limerick · 1558

    James, fourteenth Earl of Desmond, was commissioned to continue parliament on November 1, 1557, but died the following year at Askeaton. He was succeeded by Gerald, his eldest son by his second wife.

    Read the passage

    The new earl was received with great condescension by the English king, who was anxious to keep peace in Ireland until his continental affairs were more settled. Desmond was made Lord High Treasurer of Ireland, which office he held to the end of the reign of Queen Mary ; and in July, 1 543, the Lord Deputy, St. Leger, was authorized to make him a grant, by patent, of a house and parcel of land near Dublin, for the keeping of his horses and train when he attended the parlia¬ ment or council, and for this purpose St. Mary’s Abbey was bestowed upon him. In 1550 a great court was held in Limerick, to which O’Carroll repaired, under the safe pro¬ tection of the earl, the mayor of Limerick, and the English and Irish who were present at that court. He was commis¬ sioned to continue the parliament, November 1, 1557, but he died the following year at Askeaton. He was succeeded by Gerald, his eldest son by his second wife. The true heir vainly attempted to assert his rights, but although he had the assistance of the Lord Kerry and others, might triumphed over right, and Earl Gerald sat as Lord of Desmond in a parliament held in Dublin, a.d. 1 5 59.1

    1. The exact amount of the tribute imposed upon Mac Carthy More by the Earl of Desmond has not been ascertained. Dr. O’Donovan quotes the following from the author of Carbritz Notitia, who wrote in 1686 : —

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 136

46. Glacial overflow on Knockbwee

    Knockbwee · hill or hills · Cork

    The glaciating flood submerged the mountain ridge dividing Cork from Kerry, overflowing the southern Knockbwee, which reaches 2,321 feet in height. Ice marks were left in four places east and southeast of the summit, ninety feet below it.

    Read the passage

    of the ice nan be traced backwards, not only to the col pierced by the tunnel between Glengariff and Kenmare, but down the valley beyond, where the scorings will be seen running uphili towards Glengariff. About five miles eastward of the tunnel, the ice has left its marks running from the Kerry side up the valley leading to the col , about i ,480 feet high, traversed by the Priest’s Leap road. Similar instances can be found eise where. The scoring flood has left its strongly-marked traces running across the crest of this mountain ridge dividing Cork from Kerry, in many places, from the col at the head of the Coomhola valley to near Kilmakilloge harbour, a distance of seventeen miles, and no doubt, for a greater length. Its groovings are well seen on the top of the hill, 1,393 feet high, just beside the above-mentioned tunnel, on the east. This place is easily accessible, and any one standing there will see in a moment that the rock-scoring agent did not start from the hills above Glengariff. The glaciating flood has completely submerged the ridge, of which we have been speaking, at least within the limits mentioned ; it has swept over the southern Knockbwee, 2,321 feet in height, the most elevated point of that ridge, having left its marks in four places east and south¬ east of the summit, and only ninety feet below it. It has also overflowed Knockowen, 2,169 feet, near Kilmakilloge harbour (that is to say during its greatest development ; for afterwards the mountains there sent down their own ice northwestwards into Kilmakilloge harbour) ; and there is no reason to doubt its having submerged the head of Slieve Daid, or Hungry Hill, 2,251 feet high, near Adragole. We have not been on the summit to ascertain this ; but we have seen its scorings on the spur, running towards Adragole harbour, which shew that it flowed across that spur, close past the mountain itself. (I he indications of enormous depths of land ice afforded by the above phenomena accord with what we find in the striking y glaciated district of west Galway and Mayo, m North A ales, in Cumbria, and in Scotland.) The ice which entered the upper part of Bantry Bay proceeded to cross the bay, as we see from its traces cm the east side of Glengariff harbour ; on Whiddy Island, and near Dunnamark (one mile north of Bantry). Some of it even turned, as at the head of the bay to flow inland towards N.E. We find that at Ardnagashel it had already turned somewhat, but by the time it reached Snave it got round into the direction mentioned ; this deflection, how¬ ever was only local, and caused by the general shape of the

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 363

47. Great fire burns part of Cork city

    Cork · city · Cork · 1612

    In 1612, a considerable part of the city of Cork was burned down by an accidental fire.

    Read the passage

    1612. “ A considerable part of the city of Cork was burned clown by an accidental fire.

    1614. “ The following establishment, besides the lord president’s

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 279

48. Ice crossing Bantry Bay to Whiddy Island and Dunnamark

    near Whiddy Island · island or archipelago · Cork

    Ice entering the upper part of Bantry Bay crossed the bay, leaving traces on the east side of Glengariff harbour, on Whiddy Island, and near Dunnamark one mile north of Bantry. Some ice turned inland towards the north-east, with deflection observed at Ardnagashel and Snave caused by the general shape of the ground.

    Read the passage

    of the ice nan be traced backwards, not only to the col pierced by the tunnel between Glengariff and Kenmare, but down the valley beyond, where the scorings will be seen running uphili towards Glengariff. About five miles eastward of the tunnel, the ice has left its marks running from the Kerry side up the valley leading to the col , about i ,480 feet high, traversed by the Priest’s Leap road. Similar instances can be found eise where. The scoring flood has left its strongly-marked traces running across the crest of this mountain ridge dividing Cork from Kerry, in many places, from the col at the head of the Coomhola valley to near Kilmakilloge harbour, a distance of seventeen miles, and no doubt, for a greater length. Its groovings are well seen on the top of the hill, 1,393 feet high, just beside the above-mentioned tunnel, on the east. This place is easily accessible, and any one standing there will see in a moment that the rock-scoring agent did not start from the hills above Glengariff. The glaciating flood has completely submerged the ridge, of which we have been speaking, at least within the limits mentioned ; it has swept over the southern Knockbwee, 2,321 feet in height, the most elevated point of that ridge, having left its marks in four places east and south¬ east of the summit, and only ninety feet below it. It has also overflowed Knockowen, 2,169 feet, near Kilmakilloge harbour (that is to say during its greatest development ; for afterwards the mountains there sent down their own ice northwestwards into Kilmakilloge harbour) ; and there is no reason to doubt its having submerged the head of Slieve Daid, or Hungry Hill, 2,251 feet high, near Adragole. We have not been on the summit to ascertain this ; but we have seen its scorings on the spur, running towards Adragole harbour, which shew that it flowed across that spur, close past the mountain itself. (I he indications of enormous depths of land ice afforded by the above phenomena accord with what we find in the striking y glaciated district of west Galway and Mayo, m North A ales, in Cumbria, and in Scotland.) The ice which entered the upper part of Bantry Bay proceeded to cross the bay, as we see from its traces cm the east side of Glengariff harbour ; on Whiddy Island, and near Dunnamark (one mile north of Bantry). Some of it even turned, as at the head of the bay to flow inland towards N.E. We find that at Ardnagashel it had already turned somewhat, but by the time it reached Snave it got round into the direction mentioned ; this deflection, how¬ ever was only local, and caused by the general shape of the

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 363

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere close to Ardnagashel, the signs of ancient ice are written in the rock. This was ice that came down from the Kerry side, across the mountain ridge dividing Cork from Kerry. Its scorings run from the col at the head of the Coomhola valley to near Kilmakilloge harbour, a distance of 17 miles, and likely further. The ice completely submerged that ridge. It overflowed Knockbwee, 2321 feet, the highest point, leaving its marks in four places east and south-east of the summit, only 90 feet below the top. It overflowed Knockowen, 2169 feet, near Kilmakilloge harbour. It crossed the spur running towards Adragole harbour, close past Hungry Hill, 2251 feet, near Adragole. The ice that entered the upper part of Bantry Bay crossed the bay itself. Its traces are on the east side of Glengariff harbour, on Whiddy Island, and near Dunnamark, 1 mile north of Bantry. Some of it even turned at the head of the bay to flow inland towards the north-east. That is what happened here. At Ardnagashel the ice had already turned somewhat. By the time it reached Snave it had swung fully into that inland direction. The deflection was only local, caused by the general shape of the land.

49. Internecine warfare desolates Cork towns, 1691

    Fermoy · townland · Cork · 1691

    The early part of 1691 saw internecine warfare that desolated the countryside once more, with Fermoy, Bandon, Clonakilty, and Rosscarbery all suffering. No man was likely to put in seed with so little prospect of a peaceful harvest.

    Read the passage

    The early part of the year 1691 was spent in internicine warfare, which was of little advantage to either party, while it served to desolate the country once more. Fermoy, Bandon, Clonakilty, and Rosscarbery — all suffered, and no man was likely to put in seed with so little prospect of a peaceful harvest.

    There was a general forfeiture of estates, as usual, after each civil war. The Earl of Clancarty was the heaviest sufferer, but the Coppingers, Galways, Barrys, Goolds, Driscolls, Roches, Mac Carthys, Nangles, Meaghers, and Sarsfields were subjected to severe confiscation.

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 305

50. Lords Justices inspect Duncannon fort and garrison

    Duncannon · town · Wexford

    The Lords Justices, travelling from Dublin toward Cork, arrived at Waterford and the next day viewed the garrison and fort of Duncannon. They were entertained there by the governor, Colonel Purcell.

    Read the passage

    “ August 16. The Marquis of Winchester, and the Earl of Galway, lords justices, set out from Dublin to Kilkenny, where they were sumptuously entertained by the Duchess of Ormond. On the 1 8th they arrived at Waterford, being met on the road by several gentlemen, and, near the city, by the mayor and corporation, with whom they dined. Next day, they viewed the garrison and the fort of Duncannon, where they were entertained by the governor, Colonel Purcell. After knighting John Mason, Esq., the mayor, their lordships proceeded to Clonmel, attended by the sheriff, and several gentlemen of the county of Tipperary, and by the mayor, aldermen, and recorder of Clonmel. They reviewed several regiments at Two-milebridge, who were there encamped. From Clonmel they pro¬ ceeded to Cork. On the 23rd they lay at Colonel Barry’s, near Castle-Lyons, and dined next day at Waterpark with the Lord Chief Justice Pine.

    “ On the 25th they came to Cork, being met some miles from the town by the bishop and clergy of the diocese, and several gentlemen, and were received at the gates of the city by the mayor and aldermen in their formalities, by whom they were sumptuously entertained at the expense of .£200, and were made free of the city. On the 26th they went to Kinsale, visited the fort, and reviewed Sir Matthew Bridges’ regiment of foot. On the 28th they returned to Cork, where they reviewed the royal regiment of foot, commanded by Colonel Hamilton ; and having taken a view of the harbour, were

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 307

51. MacCarthy territories across six baronies

    near Muskerry · street · Cork

    Despite FitzGerald dominance, the MacCarthys retained nearly six entire baronies: Glanarough, Iveragh, and Dunkerro in Desmond, and Carbery, Muskerry, and Duhallow in Cork. The Earl of Desmond's attainder later forfeited 574,628 acres to the Crown.

    Read the passage

    “No history can parallel the bloody, malicious, and tedious contests that have been between these two families, in which— though the Mac Carthys behaved themselves briskly and slew no less than two lords of the Fitz Geralds in one day, viz., the father and grandfather of Thomas Nappagh, at Callan, in Desmond, anno. 1261— yet at length the more powerful Fitz Geralds had the best of it, and imposed on Carbry a most unjust and slavish tribute called Earl’s Beeves [it was, probably, in endeavouring to enforce this tribute that Maurice Dubh was killed], which, though as I conceive not maintainable by law is yet tamely paid by the Carbrians to this day for want of unity amongst them¬ selves to join in proper methods to get legally discharged of it. However, the Mac Carthys did not dwindle to so low a degree, but that they continued seized of almost six entire baronies viz. Glanarough, Iveragh, and Dunkerro, in Desmond ; and Carbry, Muskry, and Duhallow, in Cork. But the Earl of Desmond grew so powerful that upon his attainder there were forfeited to the Crown 574>628 acres of land,

    3. Smith' s History of Cork , vol. 2, p. 35.

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 137

52. Midleton Cistercian abbey of Chore

    Midleton · town · Cork · 1180

    An abbey was founded at Midleton around 1180 by the Fitzgeralds or the Barry family, supplied with Cistercian monks from the Abbey of Nenay in county Limerick. It was called the Abbey of St. Mary of Chore. Midleton was a corporate borough, disfranchised at the Union.

    Read the passage

    Midleton. — An abbey was founded here, a.d. i 180, by the Fitzgeralds, or, according to others, by the family of Barry. It was supplied with monks of the Cistercian Order from the Abbey ot Nenay, or Magio, in the county of Limerick, and

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 437

53. Old Head of Kinsale sea tunnels

    near Old Head of Kinsale · promontory · Cork

    The Old Head of Kinsale has been tunnelled through by ocean waves, creating a recess on its eastern side known as Holeopen Bay. This demonstrates the eroding force of the sea on exposed headlands.

    Read the passage

    ridges, as fast as the limestone of the valley was lowered by the atmosphere. The river Lee affords a similar instance. Instead of following the limestone valley on to Castlemartyr, etc., it leaves that valley at Passage and cuts across two sand¬ stone ridges to reach the open sea. There are some other, though less striking, cases, all of which are capable of the same explanation, which depends upon the principle tha*t the shapes of the ground in this district have been chiefly wrought by the atmosphere. To this we may add that the present work of the sea on the coast of Cork is quite different from anything to be seen inland. A careful consideration of the conformation of a mountain district, such as that of west Cork, seems to lead unavoidably to thq conclusion that its shapes have not been . wrought by the sea. Even the bays of the present coast have not been formed by that agent ; they are the submerged lower ends of pre-existing valleys which run some distance inland. The sea, by its more powerful action on the exposed headlands, is escarping them into precipices, i.e., wearing them away, leaving the inner parts of the bays but slightly affected, in comparison ; it is, therefore, tending to obliterate the bays. How could the ocean waves, by their own violence, work out a recess which shall be sheltered from that violence ? How could a “ Statio bene jida cannis ” result from the destructive action of the sea itself \ We are not slighting the tremendous force of the Atlantic waves on this coast, but only pointing out that they have their own peculiar work, which seems to be escarping higher ground into precipices and eroding lower ground into creeks, cooses, and channels. In some instances the effects of sea action, even within the historical period, are made very evident ; as in the case of Duneen Ca3tle, near Rosscarbery, half of which, with the rock on which it stood, has been, in course of time, swept away; a similar case is presented by Dunanore Castle, on Cape Clear Island. The narrow far-projecting Old Head of Kinsale has been tunnelled through by the waves, in one place : whence the recess on the eastern side of it is called Holeopen Bay. There are many fine caves on the coast which have been worked out by the sea ; as, for instance, near Rosscarbery. Some of them have puffing holes opening up to the surface of the ground above, through which the waves send jets of spray to a great height, after the manner of Mac Swine’s Gun, in Donegal. There is one of these on the east side of the south entrance of Baltimore harbour, called Hell Hole. There are some great sea caves

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 362

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere about Old Head of Kinsale, the sea has done something you can still see. The narrow headland projects far out, and the waves have tunnelled straight through it in one place. That tunnel gave its name to the recess on the eastern side, Holeopen Bay. The passage argues that the shapes of west Cork were not wrought by the sea. The bays along the present coast are the submerged lower ends of pre-existing valleys that run some distance inland. The sea's work is different. By its more powerful action on the exposed headlands, it escarps them into precipices, wearing them away, while the inner parts of the bays are left but slightly affected. The sea is therefore tending to obliterate the bays. The question is asked: how could the ocean waves, by their own violence, work out a recess sheltered from that violence? The answer is that waves have their own peculiar work, escarping higher ground into precipices and eroding lower ground into creeks, cooses, and channels. The Old Head of Kinsale is not the only place where sea action is evident within the historical period. Duneen Castle, near Rosscarbery, has lost half its structure and the rock it stood on, swept away over time. Dunanore Castle, on Cape Clear Island, presents a similar case. There are many fine caves worked out by the sea along the coast, some with puffing holes opening to the surface above, through which waves send jets of spray to great height.

54. Ornamental marble deposits across County Cork

    near Little Island · townland · Cork

    Marble of various colours and qualities is found at numerous locations across County Cork, including Churchtown, Doneraile, Mitchelstown, Castle Hyde, Ballyclough, Cork, Little Island, Midleton, Castlemartyr, Carrigaline, and Kilcrea. Each locality produced marble with distinctive colouring and polishing properties.

    Read the passage

    Among the useful products the first, of course, is the lime obtained by calcining the limestone ; this is generally of good quality. When the limestone is properly marked and coloured it forms ornamental marbles. There is marble near Churchtown and Doneraile (in the northern part of the county), black ; near Mitchelstown, well marked and taking a good polish ; at Castle Hyde, variously shaded, with fossils ; near Ballyclough, black, red, and variegated, these two last-men¬ tioned places being near Fermoy ; near Cork, black, white, mottled white, light grey, or dove coloured more or less mottled, capable of a good polish ; on Little Island ; near Midleton, reddish and variegated ; near Castle Martyr, grey ; near Carrigaline, grey ; in the line from Cork to Ballincollig, along which runs a narrow seam of reddish marble, once much used; near Kilcrea, and elsewhere. Ochre is obtained in this formation in the N.W. neighbourhood of Fermoy and near Buttevant. Some mineral waters rise though the rocks of this formation ; as chalybeates, near Castlemartyr, and else¬ where, and the thermal springs about Mallow. The tempera¬ ture of The Spa, there, varies from 67° to 7i|° F., which maximum it reaches in November.

    Before passing to the succeeding formation we must mention, very briefly, an important controversy connected with the Carboniferous Slate. We have purposely avoided the name Devonian, which is sometimes used for the O.R.S., and some¬ times applied only to that part of it which is displayed, or generally supposed to be displayed, in Devonshire. The name is not only, for certain reasons, somewhat undesirable in itself, but in the present state of affairs it seems fraught with special inconvenience when considering the geology of Cork. Mr. Jukes wrote in 1853 (Popular Physical Geology)'. — “It is not unlikely that it is to the south of Ireland we, must look for the ultimate complete arrangement and harmonizing of

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 349

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere around here, close to Little Island, limestone yields one of Cork's most useful materials. Burn it and you get lime, generally of good quality. But when the limestone is properly marked and coloured, it forms ornamental marble, and County Cork is rich in it. The marble changes character from place to place. Near Churchtown and Doneraile, in the northern part of the county, it is black. Near Mitchelstown it is well marked and takes a good polish. At Castle Hyde it is variously shaded and carries fossils. Near Ballyclough it comes black, red, and variegated, and both Castle Hyde and Ballyclough lie near Fermoy. Near Cork itself the marble is black, white, mottled white, light grey, or dove coloured more or less mottled, and it is capable of a good polish. On Little Island the marble is noted too, though the source does not describe its colour. Near Midleton it is reddish and variegated. Near Castle Martyr it is grey, and near Carrigaline it is grey as well. Along the line from Cork to Ballincollig runs a narrow seam of reddish marble, once much used. Marble is also found near Kilcrea, and elsewhere across the county. The same formation yields ochre in the north-west neighbourhood of Fermoy and near Buttevant, and some mineral waters rise through these rocks, including chalybeates near Castlemartyr and the thermal springs about Mallow, where the temperature of the Spa varies from 67 to 71 degrees Fahrenheit, reaching its maximum in November.

55. Ralahine in County Clare noted for ill-scented rain

    Ralahine · street · Dublin · 1681

    Dinley recorded that during his twelve months in Ireland he observed the inconstancy of the air and sometimes a very ill scent attending a great rain. He specifically noted this phenomenon at Ralahine in County Clare, stating the west of Ireland was particularly subject to it.

    Read the passage

    “ The air is temperate, certain it is that cold reignes here more than heat, being a northern country, and because of the reines and windes, which are here ordinary and very frequent, it is not so clear as in England, wherefore apter for the growth of gras than ye ripening corne. I remark’d for the twelvemonth I passed there the inconstancy of the air to be so great, that ye seasons seem’d to be in a perpetuall confusion ; and sometimes a very ill scent to attend a great raine, as I observ’d particularly at Rallahine, in ye county of Clare, the West of Ireland being very subject to it. As the heat is not very great here, so the cold is soon dispersed.

    “ The countrey beares good corne of all sorts, in particular the county of Limerick. It is admirable for game of all sorts ; besides, the rocks and mountains have great number of rabbits, and a stagg runs not above seven miles out right. The chase of the fox is not so violent nor long as in England : it seldomes goes two miles out right also. The rivers, pools call’d loughs,

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 268

56. Red Abbey bridge opened in Cork (1764)

    Cork · city · Cork · 1764

    The Red Abbey bridge was opened for passengers on 22 September 1764, the anniversary of the coronation. Troops on duty marched to the bridge and fired three volleys in honour of the day. The bridge provided a short passage from the South Mall to Cove-lane.

    Read the passage

    “September 22, 1764.— The wooden centre at the Red Abbey bridge being finished, it was opened for passengers ; and the same day being tfie anniversity of their majesties coronation, the troops on duty here marched hither and fired three volleys in honour of the day. This bridge opened a short passage from the South Mall to Cove-lane.

    September 29. — An act was passed this year for re-building the bridge over the Blackwater, at Cappoquin, towards defray¬ ing the expenses of which, the lord lieutenant and council were empowered to raise any sum not exceeding /6000, out of the counties of Waterford, Cork, Kerry, and Tipperary, and the counties of the cities of Waterford and Coik.

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 318

    As the companion tells it

    Cork holds the site of the old Red Abbey bridge. On 22 September 1764, the wooden centre of the bridge being finished, it was opened for passengers. The same day was the anniversary of their majesties' coronation, so the troops on duty here marched to the bridge and fired three volleys in honour of the day. The bridge opened a short passage from the South Mall to Cove-lane.

57. Religious Demography of Skull Parish

    Skull · town · Cork

    In the parish of Skull there were about four Protestant families and approximately four hundred Papist families. The Protestant parish lacked a glebe, registry book, Bible, or Common Prayer book.

    Read the passage

    from Bantry, by the sea-side, are the ruins of an abbey which belonged to the Franciscans. I don’t hear that there were any other religious houses besides this in the baronies of Beer and Bantry. Humphrey Sullivan is Popish priest of this parish, and of Kilcroghan ; he has been here about twelve years. All the inhabitants are Papists. No Papists are allowed to live within the walls of Bandon. The Earl of Cork, in his leases, has obliged all the tenants not to admit Papists. In the parish of Skull there are about four Protestant families, and about four hundred Papist families. Daniel Carthy is Popish priest of the eastern part of this parish ; he has been here ever since before the late troubles. No glebe in this parish, no registry - book, nor Bible, nor Common Prayer-book. In Kilmoe there are the ruins of a chapel at the west-end of the town dedicated to St. Mullagh. The church of Kilmoe is dedicated to St. Briana, alias Brandon, whese festival is observed. In this parish there are about nine Protestant families, and two hundred Papist. Teige Coghlan is Popish priest of Kilmoe, and of the western part of Skull. He has been here about eight years. A young Irishman, a Papist, teaches school about the middle of the parish. In all the O’Sullivan’s country they observe as a holiday St. Rooane’s Day. At Kinneigh a high round tower stands in the south-west corner of the churchyard. ’Tis sup¬ posed this church was formerly a cathedral. A stone is in the south-west corner of the church of Kinneigh counted very sacred, which the Irish solemnly swear upon. The church is accounted by the Irish very sacred. There is a tradition that formerly in this churchyard there was a well that had great medicinal virtues, and that the concourse of people being very chargeable to the inhabitants, they stopped it up.

    Yet the Catholic had to support both their own clergy and and the Protestant ministers — an injustice of the very gravest kind, and this not only in a general way, but as the Cork Grand Jury presentments show, fees were exacted from the Catholics for every domestic occurrence.4

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 313

    As the companion tells it

    As the road brings you through Skull in Cork, the parish tells its own religious balance. In the parish of Skull there were about four Protestant families and about four hundred Papist families. Daniel Carthy was the Popish priest of the eastern part of this parish. He had been there ever since before the late troubles. Teige Coghlan was the Popish priest of Kilmoe and of the western part of Skull. He had been there about eight years. The Protestant parish had no glebe. There was no registry book, no Bible, and no Common Prayer book. The Catholic inhabitants had to support both their own clergy and the Protestant ministers. The Cork Grand Jury presentments show that fees were exacted from the Catholics for every domestic occurrence.

58. Scriptoriums at Cork, Cloyne, and Ross

    Cork · city · Cork

    The author states that the monastic settlements at Cork, Cloyne, and Ross each had scriptoriums where monks devoted themselves to the careful copying and reproduction of the Holy Scriptures and other works of civilization, to a standard of perfection scarcely attainable in the present day.

    Read the passage

    The devotion of Irish monks to the preservation and re¬ duplication of the Holy Scriptures, and every work known at the time that could benefit civilization, is too well known to need more than a passing observation. No doubt Cork, Cloyne, and Ross had their scriptoriums, where such works were carried out to a degree of perfection scarcely attainable even in the present day.

    While one monk laboured for the diffusion of literature with the pen or the pencil, another toiled in the field or the morass, fulfilling the Divine precept of labouring for the general good. At certain horns of the day and night they lifted up pure hands and hearts to Heaven, praying for the spiritual good of those for whose temporal good they spent

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 89

    As the companion tells it

    As you travel through Cork, this is a city whose monastic settlements once kept scriptoriums alongside those at Cloyne and Ross. Monks here devoted themselves to copying and reproducing the Holy Scriptures and every work known at the time that could benefit civilization. They carried this work to a degree of perfection scarcely attainable even in the present day. While one monk laboured for the diffusion of literature with the pen or the pencil, another toiled in the field or the morass, fulfilling the Divine precept of labouring for the general good. At certain hours of the day and night they lifted up pure hands and hearts to Heaven, praying for the spiritual good of those for whose temporal good they spent their labour.

59. St. Fachtna, patron of Ross and Kilfenora

    Kilfenora · town · Clare

    St. Fachtna of Ross is identified with St. Fachtna, patron of the diocese of Kilfenora, with the festival kept on the 14th of August in both places. The same tribe ruled in both territories. He was called 'the hairy' because his head was covered with hair at birth.

    Read the passage

    St. Fachtna of Ross is believed to be the same as St. Fachtna, patron of the diocese of Kilfenora. The festival is kept in both places on the 14th of August, and the same tribe ruled in both territories. St. Fachtna is thus commemorated in the Felire of St. Angus : —

    “ With the calling of Fortunatus Over the expansive seamf ships,

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 84

    As the companion tells it

    As you pass through Ross Carbery, this is the place of St. Fachtna, who founded the early Christian church here. He is believed to be the same Fachtna who is patron of Kilfenora, since both kept his festival on the 14th of August and both were ruled by the same tribe. St. Ita advised him to seek healing when his sight was damaged.

60. St. Mary's Abbey, Dublin, granted to Earl of Desmond

    Dublin · city · Dublin · 1543

    In July 1543, the Lord Deputy St. Leger was authorized to grant the Earl of Desmond a house and land near Dublin for keeping his horses and train when attending parliament or council. For this purpose St. Mary's Abbey was bestowed upon him.

    Read the passage

    The new earl was received with great condescension by the English king, who was anxious to keep peace in Ireland until his continental affairs were more settled. Desmond was made Lord High Treasurer of Ireland, which office he held to the end of the reign of Queen Mary ; and in July, 1 543, the Lord Deputy, St. Leger, was authorized to make him a grant, by patent, of a house and parcel of land near Dublin, for the keeping of his horses and train when he attended the parlia¬ ment or council, and for this purpose St. Mary’s Abbey was bestowed upon him. In 1550 a great court was held in Limerick, to which O’Carroll repaired, under the safe pro¬ tection of the earl, the mayor of Limerick, and the English and Irish who were present at that court. He was commis¬ sioned to continue the parliament, November 1, 1557, but he died the following year at Askeaton. He was succeeded by Gerald, his eldest son by his second wife. The true heir vainly attempted to assert his rights, but although he had the assistance of the Lord Kerry and others, might triumphed over right, and Earl Gerald sat as Lord of Desmond in a parliament held in Dublin, a.d. 1 5 59.1

    1. The exact amount of the tribute imposed upon Mac Carthy More by the Earl of Desmond has not been ascertained. Dr. O’Donovan quotes the following from the author of Carbritz Notitia, who wrote in 1686 : —

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 136