Name: A history of the city and county of Cork
Author: Mary Francis Cusack (1829–1899)

English vice-admiral Winter puts into Ventry harbour

Ventry · townland · Kerry · 1580

Winter, the English vice-admiral, cruised the coast during the autumn of 1580 to prevent the Spaniards from landing. He put into the harbour of Ventry but returned to England in September. No Anglo-Irish writers mention a fleet taking part in the Carrigafoyle engagement.

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None of the Anglo-Irish writers mention a fleet as having taken part in this engagement. Winter, the English viceadmiral, cruised about the coast during the autumn of 1580, to prevent the Spaniards from landing. He put into the harbour of Yentry, but returned to England in September.
The next event of importance in Kerry history is the famous capture of the Fort del Ore. It is also, for many reasons, an event of national importance. It will be remembered that J ames Desmond landed here with Doctor Saunders, the Pope’s Nuncio, and that after he had been killed by the Bourkes, Sir

Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 213

As the companion tells it

Somewhere close to Ventry, in the autumn of 1580, the English vice-admiral Winter cruised the coast to stop the Spaniards from landing. He put into the harbour here, but went back to England in September. None of the Anglo-Irish writers mention a fleet taking part in the engagement at Carrigafoyle.

Great slaughter at Cork, Fitz Stephen forced to citadel, 1183

Cork · city · Cork · 1183

In 1183, great slaughter was made by the English of Cork, and Robert Fitz Stephens was forced to retire to the citadel for protection until Raymond Le Gros came with his English force to his relief.

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1183. Great slaughter was made by the English of Cork, and Robert Fitz Stephens was forced to retire to the citadel for protection, till Raymond Le Gros came with his English
force to his relief. . . ..4 . / -

Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 110

As the companion tells it

As you pass through Cork, the city carries a violent entry from 1183. Great slaughter was made by the English of Cork, and Robert Fitz Stephens was forced to retire to the citadel for protection, till Raymond Le Gros came with his English force to his relief.

Identification of Teamhair Luachra site near Castleisland

Castleisland · town · Kerry · 1580

The lord justice marched into Kerry and proceeded to Teamhair Luachra, an obsolete name whose site is known as Beal-atha-an Teamhrach, a ford in the parish of Dysart near Castleisland. This place was associated with the Geraldines, being almost the country of that house due to the fidelity of the Kerrymen to their fortunes.

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The lord justice then "passed into Kerry, which, though they had vast tracks of land elsewhere, might be almost called the country of the Geraldines, from the fidility of the Kerrymen to the fortunes of the already falling house. He proceeded to Teamhair Luachra , a name now obsolete, but the site is known by the name of Beal-atha-an Teamhrach, and is a ford in the parish of Dysart, near the town of Castleisland. From thence he went to Tralee, the scene of so many a momentous event, and not being able to penetrate into the country further than Slieveinch, he resolved to lay siege to the Desmond stronghold at Carrigafoyle, which he took.
After a rest of about two months in Limerick, he set out again, and plundered as far as Dingle, taking hostages. Amongst these were Barrymore, the wife and son ^ of Mac Carthy More, the two sons of Mac Maurice of Kerry, 0 Sullivan Beare, Mac Donagh, chief of Duhallow, and the son of Mac

Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 213

Inventory of Alderman Thomas Roinane of Cork

Cork · city · Cork · 1641

A detailed inventory of the goods and chattels of Alderman Thomas Roinane of Cork, dated June 1641, reveals silver plate, gold chains, jewels, and other valuables. The inventory demonstrates that the Cork corporation was not deficient in wealth despite troublesome times.

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“ A true and perfect Inventary of all and singular the goods, creditts, and chattells of Thomas Roinane, late of the cittie of Corke, Alderman, deceased, which since the death have come to the hands and possession of Alice Ronan, als Mead, the relic of the sd- deceased, and James Ronan, Cozen German of the sd' deceased, and administrators of all and singular, the sd- goods, creditts, and the chattells of the said deceased ; valued and praised by those whose names are hereunder written, by virtue of a commission, out of his Maties Court of Prerogatives for causes Ecclical and ffacultyes to them directed, as by the sd- commission bearing date the ffifth day of June, anno dni one thousand six hundred ffortie and one, more at large may appear, as followeth, viz. : —
Imprimis one silver quilted

Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 265

Irish troops disarm Protestants in Cork and villages

Cork · city · Cork · 1689

A large party of Irish horse and foot entered Cork at midnight, disarmed all Protestants of the town, and seized their horses in neighbouring villages. They broke into the houses of principal citizens and took great sums of money.

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Bandonians hearing that the Earl of Clancarty was marching with six companies to reinforce the troop of horse and two companies of foot there, commanded by Captain Daniel O’Neill, disarmed the garrison, killed some soldiers, took possession of all their horses and arms, and would have done much more if they were assisted. They shut their gates, and generously refused giving up any of their leaders ; but at last purchased their pardon for ^1,000, with the demolation of their walls, which were then razed to the ground, and never since rebuilt* About this time a large party of Irish horse and foot entered Cork, who, ad midnight, disarmed all the Protestants of the town, and next day seized their horses, as they likewise did in all the neighbouring villages. They also broke into the houses of several principal citizens, from whence they took great sums of money. Lieutenant-General Mac Carthy having thus} with the spoil of the English, increased his horse and mounted several more foot, marched wfith two field pieces towards Castle Martyr, the seat of Colonel Henry Boyle, who had with him about 140 gentlemen and servants to defend themselves against the violence of the Irish. He was persuaded by his friends not to make any resistance, upon the promise of the lieutenantgeneral that neither their persons or estates should be molested, but, without any regard thereunto, he caused the house to be plundered, and Colonel Boyle, with many of the gentlemen, to be carried prisoners to Cork.

Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 300

As the companion tells it

As you pass through Cork, this is a city that saw a night raid in 1689. A large party of Irish horse and foot entered Cork at midnight and disarmed all the Protestants of the town. The next day they seized their horses, and did the same in all the neighbouring villages. They broke into the houses of several principal citizens and took great sums of money. Lieutenant-General Mac Carthy, with the spoil of the English, increased his horse and mounted several more foot. He marched with two field pieces towards Castle Martyr, the seat of Colonel Henry Boyle. Boyle had about 140 gentlemen and servants with him to defend themselves against the violence of the Irish. His friends persuaded him not to make any resistance, on the promise of the lieutenant general that neither their persons nor their estates should be molested. But without any regard to that promise, Mac Carthy caused the house to be plundered, and Colonel Boyle, with many of the gentlemen, to be carried prisoners to Cork. Before all this, the Bandonians had heard that the Earl of Clancarty was marching with six companies to reinforce the troop of horse and two companies of foot commanded by Captain Daniel O'Neill. They disarmed the garrison, killed some soldiers, and took possession of all their horses and arms. They shut their gates and refused to give up any of their leaders. In the end they purchased their pardon for 1,000, with the demolition of their walls, which were razed to the ground and never since rebuilt.

Kilmoe chapel ruins and church dedications

near Kilmoe · parish · Cork · 1690–1699

Downes describes ruins of a chapel at the west end of Kilmoe town dedicated to St. Mullagh, and the church of Kilmoe dedicated to St. Briana, alias Brandon, whose festival was observed in the parish. About nine Protestant and two hundred Catholic families lived there.

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lias obliged all the tenants not to admit Papists. In the parish of Skull there are about four Protestant families, and about four hundred Papist families; Daniel Carthy is Popish priest of the eastern part of this parish ; he- has been here ever since before the late troubles. No glebe in this parish, no registry-book, nor Bible, nor common prayer 1 o ik . In Kilmoe there are the ruins of’ a chapel at the westr end of the town dedicated to St. Mullagh. 'Phe church of Kilmoe is dedicated to St. Briana, alias Brandon, whose festival is observed in this parish. There are about nine Protestant families, and two hundred Papists ; Teige Coghlen is Popish priest of Kilmoe, and of the western part, or Skull ; he has been here about eight years. A young Irishman, a Papist, teaches school about the middle of the parish. In all O’Sullivan’s country they observe as a holiday 1 St. Eooane’s Day.’ At Kinneigh a high round tower stands on the south¬ west corner of the church-yard. ’Tis supposed this church was formerly a cathedral. A stone is on the south-west corner of the church of Kinneigh, counted very sacred, which the Irish solemnly swear upon. The church is accounted by the Irish very sacred. There is a tradition that formerly, in this churchyard, there was a well that had great medicinal virtues, and that the concourse of people being very chargeable to the inhabitants they stopped it up. In Murragh, Daniel Hurly, a quiet man, is Popish priest of this and three or four contiguous parishes ; there are more Protestants than Papists ; there was a registry lately bought, and a Bible, and two Common Prayer books. In Desertsurgis there are one hundred and fifty families of Protestants ; no Popish schoolmaster in this parish ; a Bible and Common Prayer book lately bought ; Denis Mahony is Popish priest of this parish.”

Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 187

As the companion tells it

As you travel through the parish of Kilmoe in Cork, Downes described what stood here in 1699. At the west end of the town there are the ruins of a chapel dedicated to St. Mullagh. The church of Kilmoe is dedicated to St. Briana, alias Brandon, whose festival is observed in this parish. About nine Protestant families live here, and two hundred Papists. Teige Coghlen is the Popish priest of Kilmoe and of the western part, or Skull. He has been here about eight years. A young Irishman, a Papist, teaches school about the middle of the parish. In the neighbouring parish of Skull there are about four Protestant families and about four hundred Papist families. Daniel Carthy is the Popish priest of the eastern part of that parish. He has been there ever since before the late troubles. There is no glebe in Skull, no registry-book, nor Bible, nor common prayer book. In all of O'Sullivan's country they observe as a holiday St. Eooane's Day. At Kinneigh a high round tower stands on the south-west corner of the churchyard. It is supposed this church was formerly a cathedral. A stone on the south-west corner of the church of Kinneigh is counted very sacred, which the Irish solemnly swear upon. The church is accounted by the Irish very sacred. There is a tradition that formerly in this churchyard there was a well that had great medicinal virtues, and that the concourse of people being very chargeable to the inhabitants, they stopped it up.

Lord Cork lodges soldiers on tenants at Lismore

Lismore · town · Waterford · 1625–1629

When Lord Wimbledon arrived at Kinsale with the king's forces, Lord Cork took ten companies of foot, many weak and wounded, and lodged and dieted them near three months upon his tenants. He entertained the general and all his officers at Lismore.

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appointment of Sir Edward Villiers on the 27th of May. During his government the French and Spaniards gave out that in revenge for the expedition to Rochelle they would make a descent on Ireland, The forts of Cork and Waterford having been quite neglected, the Earl of Cork lent ^500 to the Lord President Villiers, with which these forts were made defensible. When Lord Wimbleton arrived at Kmsale with the king’s forces, Lord Cork took ten companies of foot, many of them being weak and wounded, and lodged and dieted them near three months upon his tenants. He supplied the general with ^500, and entertained him and all his ofhcers nobly at Lismore.”
It is to be feared that Lord Cork’s tenants did not see the exact “nobility” of entertaining officers at their expense, or supplying a general1 with ^500, for which additional taxes were put on them,

Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 280

Mass-rock hills across Ireland

Ardanaffrin · townland · Roscommon

Hills across Ireland where Mass was celebrated in the open air during penal times have left their names on townlands. Examples include Ardanaffrin in Roscommon, Corraffrin in Donegal, Drumanaffrin in Mayo, Mullanaffrin in Cavan, and Knockanaffrin in the Cummeragh range of Waterford.

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Sometimes the lonely side of a hill was chosen, and the people remember well, and will point out to the visitor the very spot on which the priest stood, while the crowd of peasants worshipped below. One of these hills is in the parish of* Kilmore, county Roscommon, and it has left its name on the townland of Ardanaffrin, the height of the Mass. Another in the parish of Donoghmore, county Donegal, called Corraffrin (cor, a round hill) ; a third in the parish of Kilcommon, Mayo, namely — Drumanaffrin ; a fourth in Cavan, Mullanaffrin (mullach, a summit); and still another, Knockanaffrin, in Waterford, one of the highest hills of the Cummeragh range, which name is made ixnocknafreeny, near Ardmore, in the same county.
Many other names of like formation are to be met with, such as Glenanaffrin, Carriganaffrin, etc. Occasionally the name records the simple fact that the Mass was celebrated, as we find in a place called Effrinagh, in the parish of Iviltoghert, Leitrim, a name which signifies simply a place for Mass. And sometimes a translated name occurs of the same class, such as Massbrook, in the parish of Addergoole, Mayo, which is a translation of the Irish Sruthanan-Aiffrinn.

Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 390

Maurice Oge dies suddenly at Castlemaine

Castlemaine · town · Kerry · 1357

In 1357 Maurice Oge, the younger, second Earl of Desmond, died suddenly at Castlemaine and was succeeded in the family honours by his younger brother John.

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In 1357 Maurice Oge, or the younger, second earl of Desmond, died suddenly at Castlemaine, and was succeeded in the family honours by his younger brother, John, who died at Youghal in 1369. He was succeeded by his half brother, Gerald, better known as the poet and the hero of romance. From all accounts, it is evident that the earl was in advance of his age in learning, if not in science ; and, as an almost necessary consequence, he attained the reputation of being a magician. His knowledge, however, took a practical, as well as a poetical turn, for we find that he held a prominent place
in the politics of the day.

Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 129

As the companion tells it

As you come through Castlemaine, there is a death here from 1357. Maurice Oge, called the younger, second Earl of Desmond, died suddenly in this town. He was succeeded in the family honours by his younger brother John, who died at Youghal in 1369. John was then succeeded by his half brother Gerald, better known as the poet and the hero of romance. Gerald was said to be in advance of his age in learning, if not in science, and as a consequence earned a reputation as a magician. His knowledge took a practical as well as a poetical turn, and he held a prominent place in the politics of the day.

Merchant families' castles around Cork

Cork · city · Cork

Cork's wealthy merchant families built castles in the country alongside their town shops. The Roches built Shippool Castle, the Barrys built Shandon and Barrymore Castles, the Sarsfields had a fortress at Garrycloyne, the Meades at Meadstown, and the Martels at Ballymartle.

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they bore themselves bravely. The greater merchants had castles in the country as well as shops in the town. 1 The Roches built Shippool Castle ; the Barrys, Shandon and Barry¬ more Castles. The Sarsfields had a fortress at Garrycloyne ; the Meades at Meadstown ; the Martels at Ballymartle. Thus, while the artizan took his turn at defending the walls, the stout burgher-merchant left his counting-house to don his arms and sally out to his castle, at the head of his retainers, like a feudal lord. So they traded, ruled, suffered and fought, for centuries.”
We are also able to give a most interesting contemporary account of the manners and customs of the Irish at this period from another and entirely different source. A letter is preserved in the archives of the Irish College, Rome, written by a priest who accompanied Monsignore Rinuccini to Ireland in 1645.

Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 273

As the companion tells it

Cork was a place where the greater merchants kept shops in the town and castles in the country. The Roches built Shippool Castle. The Barrys built Shandon and Barrymore Castles. The Sarsfields had a fortress at Garrycloyne. The Meades had theirs at Meadstown, and the Martels at Ballymartle. While the artisan took his turn defending the walls, the stout burgher-merchant left his counting-house, put on his arms, and sallied out to his castle at the head of his retainers, like a feudal lord. So they traded, ruled, suffered, and fought, for centuries.

Mitchelstown caves and St. Fachna's holy well

Mitchelstown · townland · Cork

Mitchelstown is remarkable for its caves, situated between Mitchelstown and Cahir, featuring beautiful stalactites and stalagmites forming columns and pyramids of spar across chambers spanning 700-800 feet. A holy well dedicated to St. Fachna has been an object of pilgrimage for many centuries.

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CaiT”™'ral places are small pools of limpid water between lar<re masses of roek. The extent of the cavern, Including the° various chambers, is from 700 to 800 feet m length ™ about 570 in breadth, and the depression of the lowest chamber beneath the level of the entrance, about 5° feet- The holy well is dedicated to St. Fachna, and has ieen an object of pilgrimage for many centuries.
Muskeky, Barony of, obtains its name from Cairbre Muse the son of Conaire Mor, monarch of Ireland, in the beginning of the third century. According to 0 h-Uidhrm s top - graphical poem, there were six Muscraidhes, m -Muns > namely — i Muscraidhe Mitme, the country of Ohio] nil , 2, Muscraidhe Luachra, the country of O h *

Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 438

Old drawbridge lighting and drownings in Cork city

Cork · city · Cork · 1768–1771

In the late 1760s, Cork city had no street lamps and a light was proposed at the old drawbridge to prevent accidents. After lamps were discontinued around 1770, several persons drowned, and by 1771 the public was cautioned about the dilapidated drawbridge at dusk.

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“ As there were no lamps in the city at this time, it was proposed to fix a light at the old drawbridge, to prevent accidents.
“November 22, 1770. — Since lamps had been . iv n up in this city a number of persons were drowned, who in all probability might have been saved if that useful and wellappointed mode of lighting the streets had been continued.

Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 319

As the companion tells it

As you pass through Cork, the old drawbridge here had no street lamps in the late 1760s, and a light was proposed to prevent accidents. By November 22, 1770, the lamps had been given up. A number of persons drowned who, in all probability, might have been saved if that useful and well-appointed mode of lighting the streets had been continued.

Ross as the most ancient town in Ireland

near Ross · parish · Cork

Ross is described as the most ancient town in Ireland, with a see founded by St. Fachtna, and a quatrain dedicated to the seven and twenty bishops of Ross.

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Ecclesiastical foundations in the County Cork from the sixth to the tenth century -Ross the most ancient town in Ireland — Foundation of the See by St. Fachtna Prediction of his birth by St. Ciaran of Ossory — His pedigree— St. Ciaran a Cork saint— His bounty to the poor — Quatrain of the seven and twenty Bishops of Ross St. Fachtna styled the “hairy” — His vocation encouraged by St. Ita — He applies to St. Mochaemoc for the cure of his sight— St. Fachtna believed to be also the patron of Raphoe— His commemoration by Alngus and by St. Cuiman of Conor — Obituaries of the Abbots of “ Ross of the Pilgrims”— Foundation of the Monastery of Fermoy by St. Fmnchna— His education in the Monastery of Benchor (Bangor) by St. Comgall— The fame of this Monastery— Opinion of St. Bernard— The Rules of the Monks of “ Great Cork, Fermoy, Cloyne, and Brigown— Their devotion to the study of Holy Scripture— Their occupations— Devotion to the celebration of Mass— The translation of important Iris ecclesiastical documents by the Rev. Dr. Todd and Rev. Dr. Reeves- How humility and charity were practised in the monastery-The ecclesiastical foundations of St. Cairthage, near Cork— His Monastic Rule still preserved— The foundation of St. Senan —The true story of St. Senan and the lady— The lady a Cork samt and nun Her visit to St. Senan, and death.
will be necessary to give some brief acconnt of the early Ecclesiastical Foundations of the County of Cork, before proceeding to the history of the English Invasion.

Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa

As the companion tells it

You are coming through the parish of Ross now, in Cork. It is called the most ancient town in Ireland. The see here was founded by St. Fachtna. His birth was predicted by St. Ciaran of Ossory. St. Ciaran was a Cork saint, known for his bounty to the poor. Fachtna's vocation was encouraged by St. Ita. He applied to St. Mochaemoc for the cure of his sight. He is styled the hairy. He is believed to be also the patron of Raphoe. He was commemorated by Alngus and by St. Cuiman of Conor. There is a quatrain dedicated to the seven and twenty bishops of Ross. The place is also called Ross of the Pilgrims, and there are obituaries of its abbots under that name. The passage goes on to other foundations. St. Fmnchna founded the monastery of Fermoy. He was educated in the monastery of Benchor, or Bangor, by St. Comgall. St. Bernard wrote of the fame of this monastery. The monks of Great Cork, Fermoy, Cloyne, and Brigown had their own rules. They were devoted to the study of Holy Scripture, to their occupations, and to the celebration of Mass. Important Irish ecclesiastical documents were translated by the Rev. Dr. Todd and the Rev. Dr. Reeves. Humility and charity were practised in the monastery. St. Cairthage made ecclesiastical foundations near Cork, and his monastic rule is still preserved. St. Senan made a foundation too. There is a true story told of St. Senan and a lady. The lady was a Cork saint and nun. She visited St. Senan, and died.

Ruins and altar in Cannaway churchyard

Cannaway · parish · Cork

Bishop Downes records that Cannaway parish had no church and no Protestants. The ruins of a house stood in the churchyard, and a vault remained intact into which the priest built an altar about a year before when a person of note was buried. Denis Sweeny was the Catholic priest of Cannaway and Macroom.

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“In Dromdaleague parish, Felix M‘ Car thy is priest; he was here before the late troubles. A Protestant schoolmaster com¬ plains that Papists teach publick school in this parish. In Caharagh parish ’tis thought that there are forty Papists for one Protestant. William Guricheen, a very old man, is priest there. In Cannaway parish — no church, no Protestants — there are the ruins of a house in the churchyard ; there is a vault whole ; the priest built an altar in it about a year ago, when some person of note was buried. Denis Sweeny is Popish priest of this parish and Macroom.”
Of Durrus he writes : —

Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 312

Silver pectoral cross found at Bridgetown Abbey

Bridgetown · townland · Cork

A silver pectoral cross of the twelfth or thirteenth century was found at Bridgetown Abbey. It had been gilt and ornamented with four carbuncles and a central garnet cut in the shape of a parallelogram. A monumental tomb with a carved fish shield is also nearby.

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Bridgetown Abbey is situated on the lower Blackwater, in the barony of Fermoy ; called also Ballynadroghid, from two bridges which formerly crossed the river. The ruins lie low and near the river. It was founded in the reign of King John by Alexander Fitzroche, and was supplied with friars from the friary of Newtown, in the Co. Meath. In 1375 it was evidently a place of consideration, for the Prior was one of those chosen to proceed on a special mission to the English court. The masonry is strong, and in wonderful preservation. There is a monumental tomb close to the high altar, which has a rude carving of an inverted shield charged with one fish. It is supposed to be the tomb of the founder. The present arms of the Bodies are three fish. A silver pectoral cross was found here some years since. It is described in the Kilkenny Archeological Journal as being of the twelfth or thirteenth century. The cross had been gilt, and was ornamented with four carbuncles, one on each arm, and in the centre a garnet cut in the shape of a parallelogram. The stones were of fine quality, but unpolished.
Blackwater. — This river is called Abhoinn-Mor (the great

Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 391

Spaniards taken prisoner at Castlemaine

Castlemaine · town · Kerry · 1580

Ormond left six Spanish prisoners at Castlemaine to be examined and otherwise used at the lord deputy's pleasure, in addition to those slain during the engagements.

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“ I left six Spaniards at Castel-Mayne, prisoners, to be examined and otherwise used, at my lord deputie’s pleasure, besides such as were slain.”
Even from this account, in which, as we might expect, the English losses are treated as lightly as possible, it is evident that they suffered considerably. The account given of the death of Captain Martin agrees exactly with the details given by Dr. Saunders ; vTho further adds that the earl’s retreat gave great courage to the men.

Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 219

St. Finbarr's Cathedral remains on old map

Cork · city · Cork

In the south-west angle of the old map of Cork appear the remains of St. Finbarr's Church, marked with the title 'Cathedrale Church of old Corcke.' The site indicates the early ecclesiastical significance of the location.

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“ In the south-west angle of the map you see the remains of St. Finnbarr’s Church, with the significant title, £ye Cathedrale Church of old Corcke.’ Not far distant from it to the east, at the place we now call Crosses-green, was the Do¬ minican Abbey of St. Mary’s of the Isle, built on St. Dominick’s Island ’ by the Barrys, nearly four centuries before the time we are considering. It had been a famous place. When the lord deputy came to Cork, it was there he lodged. Thence went forth prelates to rule dioceses far and near at Cashel of the King’s, in O’Neill’s country up north, over in France at fair Toulouse. There died the gallant Edward
CORK IN SEVENTEENTH CENTURY. 33°

Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 272

As the companion tells it

As you pass through Cork, the old map shows the remains of St. Finbarr's Church in its south-west angle, carrying the title, "The Cathedrale Church of old Corcke." Not far to the east, at what is now Crosses-green, stood the Dominican Abbey of St. Mary's of the Isle, built on St. Dominick's Island by the Barrys nearly four centuries before the time the map describes. It had been a famous place. When the lord deputy came to Cork, it was there he lodged. From there prelates went out to rule dioceses far and near, at Cashel of the King's, in O'Neill's country up north, and over in France at Toulouse. There died the gallant Edward.

Strancally and Kilfinan garrisoned by Spaniards

Strancally · townland · Waterford · 1579–1580

Desmond carried spoils from Youghal to Strancally and Kilfinan, which were garrisoned by Spaniards. These places were subsequently plundered by the queen's soldiers.

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The fact was that the Irish mayors and governors who wished to keep their heads on their shoulders were often obliged to have two faces. Their hearts were with the “rebels,” yet policy obliged them to make a decent show of resistance. Nevertheless, the Mayor of Youghal, Mr. Coppinger, was not successful on this occasion, foi the Duke of Ormond had him tried by court-martial and hung at his own door for his supposed complicity in admitting Desmond/ Desmond carried his spoils to Strancally and Kilfinan,5 which were garrisoned by Spaniards. These places were of course plundered by the queen’s soldiers soon after.
Smith gives the following account of an exploit of “ Captain Raleigh’s,” which is certainly but little credit to his fame for

Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 225

Surrender of Kinsale to Marlborough's forces

Kinsale · town · Cork · 1690

Marlborough's cavalry marched to Kinsale and summoned the inhabitants to surrender. After a sharp conflict they yielded and obtained honourable terms, the severe weather making the English general willing to purchase peace.

Read the passage

Marlborough’s cavalry were marched to Kinsale now, and the inhabitants were summoned to surrender. After a sharp conflict they yielded, and obtained honourable terms, the weather being so severe that the English general was glad to purchase peace in any way.1
The early part of the year 1691 was spent in internicine warfare, which was of little advantage to either party, while it served to desolate the country once more. Fermoy, Bandon, Clonakilty, and Rosscarbery — all suffered, and no man was likely to put in seed with so little prospect of a peaceful harvest.

Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 305

As the companion tells it

You're coming into Kinsale in Cork. In 1690 Marlborough's cavalry marched here and summoned the inhabitants to surrender. After a sharp conflict they yielded, and obtained honourable terms. The weather was so severe that the English general was glad to purchase peace in any way. The early part of 1691 was spent in internecine warfare, of little advantage to either party, while it served to desolate the country once more. Fermoy, Bandon, Clonakilty, and Rosscarbery all suffered, and no man was likely to put in seed with so little prospect of a peaceful harvest.

The Marsh described as desolate morass

Cork · city · Cork

The area now occupied by South Mall, Patrick Street, and adjacent streets was formerly a marsh described by Lord Macaulay as a desolate marsh where a sportsman pursuing waterfowl would sink deep in mire. The western marshes, still known as 'The Marsh,' underlie Nile Street, Henry Street, and the Mardyke.

Read the passage

“ But the most significant object on the map, as it was the chief object of civic care and expenditure, is the great city wall, encircling the whole, with the river for a foss, and six¬ teen towers for a coronal. The eastern walls corresponded with the western side of our present Grand P arade. P ortions of them were lately to be seen near Tobin-street. The Marsh, spreading eastward, is the site of the present South Mall, Patrick-street, and the conterminous streets. It looks on the map decidedly like what Lord Macaulay described it ‘ a desolate marsh, in which a sportsman who pursued the waterfowls sunk deep in the mire at every step.’ The western wall corresponded with the eastern side of the present Duncan - street. The river ran here, as depicted on the map, until the close of the last century. To the west were other marshes, on which now stand Nile-street, Henry-street, the Mardyke, etc. This district was called by our fathers, and is still known as, emphatically, 4 The Marsh.’ The space inside the walls was scarcely a quarter of a mile in length from north to south, and not more than an eighth of a mile in breadth from east to west.
“ In the south-west angle of the map you see the remains of St. Finnbarr’s Church, with the significant title, £ye Cathedrale Church of old Corcke.’ Not far distant from it to the east, at the place we now call Crosses-green, was the Do¬ minican Abbey of St. Mary’s of the Isle, built on St. Dominick’s Island ’ by the Barrys, nearly four centuries before the time we are considering. It had been a famous place. When the lord deputy came to Cork, it was there he lodged. Thence went forth prelates to rule dioceses far and near at Cashel of the King’s, in O’Neill’s country up north, over in France at fair Toulouse. There died the gallant Edward

Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 272

As the companion tells it

As you travel through Cork, the ground beneath these streets was once marsh. The area now occupied by South Mall, Patrick Street, and the surrounding streets was a marsh spreading eastward from the old city wall. Lord Macaulay described it as a desolate marsh, in which a sportsman who pursued the waterfowls sunk deep in the mire at every step. To the west lay other marshes, where Nile Street, Henry Street, and the Mardyke now stand. This district was called by their fathers, and is still known as, The Marsh. The great city wall encircled the whole of old Cork, with the river for a foss and sixteen towers for a coronal. The eastern walls corresponded with the western side of the present Grand Parade. Portions of them were lately to be seen near Tobin Street. The western wall corresponded with the eastern side of the present Duncan Street. The river ran there until the close of the last century. The space inside the walls was scarcely a quarter of a mile in length from north to south, and not more than an eighth of a mile in breadth from east to west. In the south-west angle you see the remains of St. Finnbarr's Church, with the title the Cathedral Church of old Corcke. Not far distant to the east, at the place now called Crosses-green, was the Dominican Abbey of St. Mary's of the Isle, built on St. Dominick's Island by the Barrys, nearly four centuries before the time described. It had been a famous place. When the lord deputy came to Cork, it was there he lodged. Thence went forth prelates to rule dioceses far and near, at Cashel of the King's, in O'Neill's country up north, over in France at Toulouse. There died the gallant Edward.

The Ovens caves seven miles west of Cork

Ovens · electoral division · Cork

Celebrated caves at the Ovens, whose name is a corruption of the Irish 'Uamhainn' meaning the cave, lie seven miles westward of Cork. They feature winding alleys and crossing branches broad enough for six or eight persons to walk abreast, penetrable for about a quarter mile, and lined with stalactitic incrustations.

Read the passage

of the cave). There is another near Midleton, where there is also an underground stream. There are celebrated caves at the Ovens (this name being a corruption of Uamhainn, the cave) seven miles westward of Cork. These have winding alleys and crossing branches, sometimes broad enough for six or eight persons to walk abreast. They can be penetrated for about a quarter of a mile from the entrance. They are lined with stalactitic incrustations. The famous caves of Mitchelstown may be here mentioned, as some people imagine them to. be in this county, the village from which they are named being within its northern boundary, though they themselves are just outside, in Tipperary. They are half-way between Mitchels¬ town and Caher. There are two sets of them : the western
_ that of Skeeheenarinka — has long beery known ; the eastern

Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 348

Youghal Franciscan convent founded 1224, destroyed 1583

Youghal · town · Cork · 1224–1583

The Franciscan convent of Youghal, called the mother of the Irish Franciscan Province, was built in 1224. It was destroyed and depopulated in 1583, with some friars taken and put to death, according to Ward's MS. History of the Irish Convents written in 1632.

Read the passage

Youghal. — “Ward’s MS. History of the Irish Convents, ’’writ¬ ten in 1 63 2, gives some further details regarding the house of that order in Youghal: — “The convent of Youghal, which was called the mother of the Irish Franciscan Province, was built in the year 1224. In the year 1583 it was destroyed and depopulated, some of the friars having been taken and put to

Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 446

Abbot of Cork and Lismore mortally wounded

Cork · city · Cork · 863

In 863 Daniel na Luaithidhe, Abbot of Cork and Lismore, was mortally wounded. This reflects the violent conditions ecclesiastical figures faced during the Norse raids.

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In 863 Daniel na Luaithidhe , Abbot of Cork and Lismore, was mortally wounded ; and in 868 Reihtubhnev , son of Corchadh , Abbot of Cork, qneivit .
In 881 Barid, son of Imhar, chief of the Norsemen, died “ through the miracle of God and Ciaran, but several years before his death he had plundered Leinster and Munster, until he reached Kerry.

Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 61

As the companion tells it

Cork has an old wound in its story. In 863 Daniel na Luaithidhe, Abbot of Cork and Lismore, was mortally wounded. In 868 Reihtubhnev, son of Corchadh, Abbot of Cork, died. In 881 Barid, son of Imhar, chief of the Norsemen, died, as the book says, "through the miracle of God and Ciaran." Years before, he had plundered Leinster and Munster, until he reached Kerry.

Cloyne and Ardagh burned

Cloyne · town · Cork · 1137

In 1137, both Cloyne (Cluain-Uamha) and Ardagh of Bishop Mel were burned, destroying houses and churches. This was a devastating event for both ecclesiastical settlements.

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A.D. 1137. — Cluain-Uamha and Ardagh of Bishop Mel were burned, both houses and churches.
A.D. 1149— Aelneniah O’Mariertach, bishop, died. He flourished in 1140, as we hear from St. Bernard in Vita, S. Malachiae, who gave him the title “ Episcopas Cluain-Vaniae,” which in some of the printed texts is corrupted into “ Duenvaniae.” Bishop Nemiah is described by an old writer in Tyndal’ s Vision as a plain and modest man, excelling in

Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 424

Cork and Youghal targeted by Cromwell; Colonel Phair appointed governor

Cork · city · Cork · 1649

After campaigning through Wexford and Ross, Cromwell turned his attention to Cork and Youghal. Colonel Phair, who had been appointed to ensure Charles I was duly executed, was made governor of Cork.

Read the passage

Cork and Yougkal were the next objects of his attack, and Colonel Phair, one of those appointed to see that Charles was duly executed, was made governor of Cork.
He accuses him of “conniving at the severe persecution of this unoffending society t in violation of his solemn professions, confirmed by oath on his entrance in the Protectorate.” Mr. Gough’s opinion of Cromwell’s character is given in very plain language, and without circumlocution. He says that “ Cromwell made every religious and moral con¬ sideration subordinate to that of retaining his sovereignty,” vol. 1, p. 199. No viler character could be given of any man. Of Cromwell’s soldiers he makes the sharp remark — “Thus the soldiers who once pretended to fight for liberty of conscience became oppressors of other men’s conscience,” vol. 1, p. 322. We purposed giving some notes of individual cases of persecution, but that we feared they were too numerous. The inoffensive Quakers were flogged and imprisoned, and even women were not spared the brutal punishment of the lash. See Gough passim. In fact they were treated like the “vilest criminals,” vol. 1, p. 316. See also History of the Quakers. Here there are some earnest appeals to Cromwell’s soldiers to repent of their evil lives. But Cromwell was not without his difficulties in the promotion of civil and religious liberty in England. His eccentric biographer, Carlyle, describes his government as carrying “eternal gospel in the one hand, and temporal drawn sword in the other.” Precisely the way in which the gospel of Mahomet was proclaimed. Yet even the English were not all grateful for this gospel, nor did they all admire the fashion in which it was propagated. Carlyle himself admits that there were a good many who could not see the gospel as Cromwell saw it, and who in consequence wished to “blow up” the Protector, who cer¬ tainly was not a Protector to them. “ Sexby, the Anabaptist colonel; Muggletonians, mad Quakers riding into Bristol ; fifth monarchists, hungry flunkies, ever scheming, plotting, with or without hope, to ‘seduce die Protector’s guard,’ to blow up the Pro¬ tector in his bedroom.”

Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 292

As the companion tells it

Approaching Cork now. In 1649, after campaigning through Wexford and Ross, Cromwell turned his attention to this city and to Youghal. Colonel Phair, one of those appointed to see that Charles was duly executed, was made governor here. The record goes on to Cromwell's character. Mr. Gough gives his opinion in plain language, saying Cromwell "made every religious and moral consideration subordinate to that of retaining his sovereignty." Of Cromwell's soldiers, the sharp remark is made that they "once pretended to fight for liberty of conscience" but "became oppressors of other men's conscience." The inoffensive Quakers were flogged and imprisoned, and even women were not spared the punishment of the lash. They were treated like the "vilest criminals." There are earnest appeals to Cromwell's soldiers to repent of their evil lives. Cromwell was not without his difficulties in the promotion of civil and religious liberty in England. Carlyle describes his government as carrying "eternal gospel in the one hand, and temporal drawn sword in the other." Yet not all the English were grateful for this gospel, nor did they all admire the fashion in which it was propagated. Carlyle himself admits there were a good many who could not see the gospel as Cromwell saw it, and who in consequence wished to "blow up" the Protector. Sexby, the Anabaptist colonel, Muggletonians, mad Quakers riding into Bristol, fifth monarchists, hungry flunkies, ever scheming, plotting, to seduce the Protector's guard, to blow up the Protector in his bedroom.

Cork freemen petition against post-siege taxes

Cork · city · Cork

Freemen of Cork petitioned the House of Commons against the mayor and aldermen, complaining of unreasonable taxes imposed since the city's surrender to King William. The late mayor was ordered into custody and a former sheriff summoned to attend the House.

Read the passage

“ The freemen of Cork petitioned the House of Commons against the mayor and aldermen, complaining of several unreasonable taxes imposed on them since the surrender of the city to King William, upon which the late mayor was ordered to be taken into custody, and Mr. Theophilus Morrice, one of the late sheriffs, commanded to attend the House.
“ April 24th. The West India fleet, outward bound, put

Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 306

Cork trading privileges confirmed by Edward VI (1543)

Cork · city · Cork · 1543

King Edward VI granted a new charter to Cork dated May 9th, 1543, confirming existing privileges and adding new ones. No foreigner could buy corn, wool, or leather but from citizens in the city, nor sell wine except in their own shop, nor merchandise longer than forty days without licence. Citizens could not be arrested for debt outside the city.

Read the passage

As the privileges of the city were renewed and confirmed by King Edward VI., by a new charter, dated May 9th, ann. reg. 3, 1543, in which, besides the foregoing privileges, the following are added : — No foreigner to buy corn, wool, leather, etc., but of the citizens in the city, nor to sell wine but in his shop, nor merchandise longer than forty days without licence from the mayor. No citizen to be arrested for debt out of the city. The goods of citizens dying intestate not to be claimed by the crown. Power to the citizens to match their children as they shall think .proper, and that they shall have reasonable guilds as in Bristol.
EXECUTION OF MAYOR OF CORK. 163

Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa

As the companion tells it

Coming up near Cork now. In 1543, on the 9th of May, King Edward VI granted the city a new charter, renewing its old privileges and adding new ones. No foreigner could buy corn, wool or leather except from citizens of the city. A foreigner could sell wine only in his own shop, and could not keep merchandise longer than forty days without licence from the mayor. No citizen could be arrested for debt outside the city. The goods of a citizen who died without leaving a will could not be claimed by the crown. The citizens were given power to match their children as they saw fit, and to have reasonable guilds, as in Bristol.

Cullin tower at Buttevant friary

Buttevant · town · Cork

A square tower south-west of Buttevant friary, called Cullin and traditionally known as 'Caislane Caoimhin,' was built by an earl of Desmond. It appears to have originally formed part of the conventual buildings and is now built into the Catholic parish church.

Read the passage

with their ancestors, until the resurrection of the dead with Christ our Lord/’ To the south-west of the friary, and about thirty yards from it, stands a square tower, which is described by Smith, as being called Cullin, and as having been built, by an earl of Desmond. It is at present traditionally known as “ Caislane Caoimhin,” and appears to have originally formed part of the conventual buildings. It is now built into and connected with the Catholic parish church, which is deservedly reckoned among the handsomest parochial structures in the south of Ireland. Archdall says this chapter house was repaired by the Roman Catholics in the year 1604.
Brigowne, Bri-Gobhunn , the hill of the south — a village near Mitchelstown, founded by St. Abhan. The Right Rev. Dr. Moran, in his editorial, vuites to Archdall, and suggests that the etymology of the name may be Brigh-Abhann , the hill of St. Abhan. In the year 1720 a violent storm threw down the Round Tower of Brigowne, near Mitchelstown, leaving standing only of it a fragment or stump about fifteen feet high from the base. I11 that state it continued until about fifty years ago, w7hen this fragment was taken down, and the stones used is the erection of a new glebe house or parsonage in its immediate neighbourhood. The key stone or lintel over the door, which had on it an inscribed cross, the wmrkmen refused to take away, and that is either buried in an adjoining cemetery, or perhaps forms there now7 the footstone on an unknown grave. Archdall says that it was once a remarkable place and called a city7.

Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 395

David Terry of Ardnageehy gives milk to the poor

Ardnageehy · townland · Cork

Bishop Dive Downes records that in the parish of Ardnageehy, a Catholic named David Terry gave the seventh part of his milk to the poor. This is noted in Downes' visitation narrative as an example of Catholic charitable practice in county Cork.

Read the passage

“ In the parish of Ardnageehy, David Terry, Papist, gives the seventh part of his milk to the poor. In Abbeystrowry, the rector or vicar usually demands, besides his burying fees, when the man of the family or widow dies worth /5, the sum of 13s. 4d. as a mortuary ; if the man dies worth less than £$, they demand his second-best suit of clothes, or 6s. 8d. in lieu thereof.
“In Dromdaleague parish, Felix M‘ Car thy is priest; he was here before the late troubles. A Protestant schoolmaster com¬ plains that Papists teach publick school in this parish. In Caharagh parish ’tis thought that there are forty Papists for one Protestant. William Guricheen, a very old man, is priest there. In Cannaway parish — no church, no Protestants — there are the ruins of a house in the churchyard ; there is a vault whole ; the priest built an altar in it about a year ago, when some person of note was buried. Denis Sweeny is Popish priest of this parish and Macroom.”

Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 312

Death of King Neimhidh and 3,000 at Cork

Cork · city · Cork

King Neimhidh and three thousand persons died at Cork, according to early annalistic tradition. This event is recorded alongside a battle at Berehaven and the establishment of sovereignty in Ireland.

Read the passage

Ireland first peopled in Munster— The reasons iui accepting the Annals of pre-Christian Ages — -Their importance — Their probable truth— Difference between legends and narra¬ tives true in the main — The great value of Celtic studies — Dunamark, in the barony of Bantry, the first place inhabited in Ireland — Traditions of the “Morning Land” — Early historic records— Anthropological science — The first colonization of Ireland — Parthalon — The Firbolgs — The Tuatha-de-Dananns— Death of King Neimhidh and three thousand persons at Cork — Battle at Berehaven — The seat of sovereignty estab. lished — The Beile festivals at Clontinty, near Cork — Ireland divided into provinces — Origin of the prefix, “ ster” — The Irish fire-worshippers — Examples from names of places in Cork — Assolas, near Kanturk, and near Doneraile— The seat of monarchy settled at Dun-Cearmna, now Kinsale, A.M. 3668 — Battles in the County Cork — Second division of Ireland — riingus, king of Munster — Ancestor of the Mac Carthys, O’Keeffes, O’Callaghans, and O’Sullivans — Battle at Cuille, County Cork — the Plague.
Ill'CCORDiNG to the best and earliest traditions, Ireland was first peopled in Munster. If such traditions are to be alto¬ gether rejected because they stretch away into a dim and and misty past, we must give up a great deal of pre-Christian history. Why should not the Irish Celt have as ancient and respected traditions as the Assyrian or the Indian ? Does ancient Irish history fail to interest because it can be studied nearer home, or because it is the history of a people for whom there is less sympathy ? Dates in the pre-Christian periods may be doubtful, but this by no means invalidates facts: Facts may be handed down with a halo of romance, but the fact none the less underlies the halo. Yet. when all is said, there

Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 12

As the companion tells it

As you come through Cork, the early annalistic tradition records that King Neimhidh and three thousand persons died here. This is among the oldest traditions the annals preserve for Ireland. The same body of tradition holds that Ireland was first peopled in Munster, and the author of this history argues that such traditions should not be rejected simply because they stretch into a dim and misty past. He asks why the Irish Celt should not have traditions as ancient and respected as those of the Assyrian or the Indian. Dates in the pre-Christian periods may be doubtful, he says, but this does not invalidate facts. Facts may be handed down with a halo of romance, but the fact none the less underlies the halo. The death of King Neimhidh and the three thousand at Cork is recorded alongside a battle at Berehaven and the establishing of the seat of sovereignty in Ireland. These traditions also place the first inhabited place in Ireland at Dunamark, in the barony of Bantry. The seat of monarchy was later settled at Kinsale, recorded as A.M. 3668. The Beile festivals were held at Clontinty, near Cork. Ireland was divided into provinces in this early tradition, and the prefix ster in place names is traced to this period. The Irish fire-worshippers left their mark on place names in Cork, with examples given at Assolas near Kanturk and near Doneraile. Battles were fought in the County of Cork, and a battle at Cuille is named among them. A plague is also recorded in this early material.

Franciscan friary leased to Samuel Hayman with military obligation

Youghal · town · Cork · 1621

In 1621 the dissolved Franciscan friary at Youghal, including St. Anne's Chapel, was leased by Richard, second earl of Cork, to Samuel Hayman, a Somersetshire gentleman. The lease required Hayman to keep armed English footmen resident for defence of the country.

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second earl of Cork, to Samuel Hayman Esq., a Somerset¬ shire gentleman. The demise conveyed ‘ all that message or tenemt lately erected and built by the said Samuel Hayman wth the yard, orchard, and garden thereunto belonging, and also the severall houses, etc., and one plott of enclosed ground contevning by estimation six acres, together with the dissolved nunnery 0? chappell, called St. Anne’s Chapell, w* the applotements as the same are all now in the tenure of the said Samuell Hayman, situate, lying, and being m and neere the site, circuit, ambite and precincts of the dissolved monastery of St. Francis. All the south abbey of Youghaii. Among the covenants is the following, which declares too plainly the unsettled state of public affairs ; And keeping always resident on the premisses for every tenem* one able English footman, wth a pyke or muskett, well and compleately armed and furnished ; and therewth all shall and will answere and attend the said earle, his heires or assignes, in all musters and in the service of the crown and defence of the countrey, being thereunto reasonably warned and summoned during this lease.’ ”
The Dominican friary, commonly called the North Abbey.— “1 268 — Thomas Fitzmaurice FitzGerald, surnamed N. Appagh, founded a friary for Dominicans, or friars preachers, at Youghal. This house was first placed under the Invocation of the Holy Cross, but it was subsequently dedicated to St. Mary of Thanks, (S. Maria Gratriarum), on account of a miraculous image of the Blessed Virgin Mary preserved here.

Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 448

James I charter constitutes Cork a free city

Cork · city · Cork · 1609

The 1609 charter of James I constituted Cork a free city with the title of Mayor, Sheriffs, and Commonality, and defined the liberties and franchises as extending three miles from the city walls. The charter made the county of the city a distinct county by creation rather than prescription.

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“ The sixth charter is that of Henry VII. (1500)- If extends the franchise and liberties over the entire of Cork harbour, wheresoever the tide ebbs and flows. There are other charters of Henry VIII., (1537) ; Edward VI,. (1541), and Elizabeth, (1571)/ The charter of James I., (1609), constitutes Cork a free city, and the mayor, etc., a body politic by the name of Mayor, Sheriffs, and Commonality, (the previous title of incor¬ poration had been that of Mayor, Bailiffs, and Citizens) ; and that said city, and the soil and ground extending from the outward part of the walls thereof, by the space and circuit of three miles, should be the liberties and franchises of said city, and a distinct county of itself. Hence it appears that the county of the city is not a county by prescription, but a creation of the charter, and it was afterwards defined by an ambit, made in pursuance of it ; by this charter the mayor is empowered to punish whores, scolds, and disorderly persons.

Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 408

As the companion tells it

Cork became a free city under the charter of James I in 1609. Before that, there had been charters from Henry VII in 1500, which extended the franchise over the whole of Cork harbour wherever the tide ebbed and flowed, and further charters from Henry VIII, Edward VI, and Elizabeth. The 1609 charter made the mayor and others a body politic by the name of Mayor, Sheriffs, and Commonality. The previous title of incorporation had been Mayor, Bailiffs, and Citizens. It declared that the city and the ground extending three miles from the outward part of the walls should be the liberties and franchises of the city, and a distinct county of itself. So the county of the city was not a county by prescription but a creation of the charter. It was afterwards defined by an ambit made in pursuance of it. By this charter the mayor was empowered to punish whores, scolds, and disorderly persons.

John, Earl of Desmond, dies at Youghal

Youghal · town · Cork · 1369

John, who had succeeded as Earl of Desmond after the death of Maurice Oge at Castlemaine, died at Youghal in 1369 and was succeeded by his half brother Gerald, the poet and hero of romance.

Read the passage

In 1357 Maurice Oge, or the younger, second earl of Desmond, died suddenly at Castlemaine, and was succeeded in the family honours by his younger brother, John, who died at Youghal in 1369. He was succeeded by his half brother, Gerald, better known as the poet and the hero of romance. From all accounts, it is evident that the earl was in advance of his age in learning, if not in science ; and, as an almost necessary consequence, he attained the reputation of being a magician. His knowledge, however, took a practical, as well as a poetical turn, for we find that he held a prominent place
in the politics of the day.

Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 129

Kinsale's royal charter from Edward III

Kinsale · town · Cork · 1327–1377

Kinsale's citizens received a charter from Edward III as a reward for loyalty, granting the power of choosing a mayor or sovereign. Kinsale was one of the oldest corporate towns in Ireland and was famous in ancient times as a seat of Irish royalty.

Read the passage

Kinsale is one of the oldest corporate towns in Ireland. The citizens got a charter from Edward III. as a reward for the loyalty and the power of chosing a mayor or sovereign. In more ancient times, as we have related m the historical part of this work, it was famous as the seat of Irish royalty. Kinsale, however, was not always loyal, and was eventual y deprived of its greatness. The fisheries of Kinsale, like all the other Irish fisheries, have suffered seriously from the utter neglect and indifference of the English government. Ihe
534

Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 434

As the companion tells it

Coming through Kinsale now, one of the oldest corporate towns in Ireland. Back between 1327 and 1377, the citizens here got a charter from Edward III as a reward for their loyalty, granting them the power of choosing a mayor or sovereign. In more ancient times it was famous as the seat of Irish royalty. The town was not always loyal, though, and was eventually deprived of its greatness.

Mallow Preceptory of Knights Templars

Mallow · town · Cork · 1199–1216

A Preceptory for Knights Templars was founded at Mallow during the reign of King John. It was situated in the barony of the Barrets, and many of the Barret and Trimblett families were buried in its graveyard.

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Mallow ( Magh Ealla). — The plain of the river Alio. The river also gives name to the barony of Duhallow — Duthaigh Ealla — the district of the Alio. There was a Preceptory for knights templars here, founded in the reign of King John. It is situated in the barony of the Barrets, and many of that family and the Irimlaus were buried in its graveyard.
Midleton. — An abbey was founded here, a.d. i 180, by the Fitzgeralds, or, according to others, by the family of Barry. It was supplied with monks of the Cistercian Order from the Abbey ot Nenay, or Magio, in the county of Limerick, and

Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 437

Manor of Dromagh granted to Arthur O'Keene, 1610

Dromagh · townland · Cork · 1610–1619

In 1610 Arthur O'Keene of Dromagh, County Cork, received a patent for various castles, lands, tithes, and rights, which were erected into the manor of Dromagh with markets, fairs, courts, and tolls. In 1619 he received a further grant of the manor, castle, and mill of Dunbullog with liberty to impark 200 acres.

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castle and lands in the county of Cork, parcel of the estates of Teitrue O’Quiefe, attained two years after which Arthur O Keene, of Dromagh, in the same county, passed patent for various castles, lands, tithes, etc., which where thereupon erected into the manor of Dromagh, with markets, fairs, courts, and tolls.
In 1619 he had a further grant of the manor, castle, and mill of Dunbullog, with various townlands, the advowson o± the vicarage, and liberty to impark 200 acres, to create tenures, hold courts leet and baron, enjoy all waifs and strays etc. The confiscations consequent upon the Desmond war, and those resulting from the civil war of 1641, greatly despoiled this family ° The attainders on the latter occasion mcludes the names of four of the sept, viz., Cornelius Oge 0 Keeffe, of Cullin ; Keeffe-O’Keeffe, of Kilcoleman ; Donogh, son of Daniel O’Keeffe, and Donogh O’Keeffe Oge, the two last being described

Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 440

March from Cork to Mallow (1535)

Mallow · town · Cork · 1535

After parleys at Cork, Lord James's forces removed to a place called Malaghe (Mallow) and camped by a river side. This movement was part of the broader military campaign through Munster to assert royal authority over the Desmond and Cormac Oge factions.

Read the passage

“ We removed from Cork to a place called Malaghe, and there camped by a river side. Oh the morrow we went to

Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 199

Rosscarbery inquisition on Kinsale fisheries

Ross Carbery · town · Cork · 1685–1688

An inquisition held in Rosscarbery during the reign of James II recorded details of Kinsale's fishing administration, including the appointment of a fishing admiral and the holding of admiral's court every Monday.

Read the passage

“ In an inquisition taken in the town of Rosscarbery on the 8th of April, in the reign of James II., we find it set down that the town of Kyngsale was wont to appoint an adimral for the fishing season, and then he and the lord did join m setting the order for the fishing, and keep admirals court every' Monday, and all pecuniary punishments for treating the orders agreed upon were to be equally divided between the lord and the admiral.”
Kinsale is one of the oldest corporate towns in Ireland. The citizens got a charter from Edward III. as a reward for the loyalty and the power of chosing a mayor or sovereign. In more ancient times, as we have related m the historical part of this work, it was famous as the seat of Irish royalty. Kinsale, however, was not always loyal, and was eventual y deprived of its greatness. The fisheries of Kinsale, like all the other Irish fisheries, have suffered seriously from the utter neglect and indifference of the English government. Ihe

Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 434

As the companion tells it

As you pass through the town of Rosscarbery, this place holds a quiet record from the reign of James II. On the 8th of April 1685, an inquisition was held here in the town, and it set down details of how the fishing was run at Kinsale. The town of Kinsale was wont to appoint an admiral for the fishing season, and then he and the lord did join in setting the order for the fishing. They kept admiral's court every Monday, and all pecuniary punishments for breaking the orders agreed upon were to be equally divided between the lord and the admiral. Kinsale is one of the oldest corporate towns in Ireland. The citizens got a charter from Edward III as a reward for their loyalty and the power of choosing a mayor or sovereign. In more ancient times it was famous as the seat of Irish royalty. Kinsale, however, was not always loyal, and was eventually deprived of its greatness. The fisheries of Kinsale, like all the other Irish fisheries, have suffered seriously from the neglect and indifference of the English government.

Royal Cork Institution founded and chartered

Cork · city · Cork · 1803–1830

The Royal Cork Institution was founded in 1803 by private subscription to diffuse knowledge of arts, manufactures, and applied science. It received a royal charter in 1807 and a parliamentary grant of £2,000 per annum, with lectures given on natural history, chemistry, botany and mineralogy until the grant was withdrawn in 1830.

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“ 1803. — year the Royal Cork Institution, founded by subscription amongst private gentlemen of the city and county, for diffusing the knowledge and facilitating the intro¬ duction of all improvements in the arts and manufactures, and for teaching by lecture the application of science to the common purposes of life. The obvious usefulness of such an
6. See Croker's Popular Songs, illustrated, of the Irish invasion. Be it observed, how¬ ever, in passing, that the commander of the expedition was by no means disposed to poverty of living. Mr. Teeling, in his account of the rebellion, attributes the failure of the expedition to the greediness of the commander. He used to send mounted escorts for miles to procure some luxury. The forces were wretchedly fitted out. Nine-pound shot was provided for six-pound cannon.

Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa

As the companion tells it

As you pass through Cork, there is a piece of its learned history. The Royal Cork Institution was founded in 1803 by subscription among private gentlemen of the city and county. Its purpose was, in the words of the record, "for diffusing the knowledge and facilitating the introduction of all improvements in the arts and manufactures, and for teaching by lecture the application of science to the common purposes of life." It received a royal charter in 1807 and a parliamentary grant of £2,000 per annum. Lectures followed on natural history, chemistry, botany, and mineralogy. The grant was withdrawn in 1830, and the lectures came to an end.

St. Finbar's relics brought to Cork

Cork · city · Cork

St. Finbar went to Cloyne to die, but his relics were brought back to Cork with great honour. Seventeen holy bishops are said to rest in Cork with Barri and Nessan.

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Cork owes its foundation to Christian Monks — Omissions of former Historians — St. Finbar — His early life and piety — Peculiar circum¬ stances attending his birth — His father Amergin emigrates to the Co. Cork— Various ancient MS. Lives of St. Finbar — -Miraculous occurrences at his baptism — His education — Miraculous supply of food— Fie reads the “alphabet” — Meeting with St. Brandon, who recognizes the sanctity and prophecies the future of St. Fin¬ bar — He is instructed in ecclesistical rules by a holy man from Rome — He remains at Cloyne for some time, and why he leaves it — The piety and learning of his disciples — The state of Cork when St. Finbar founded the city — The swamp of Cork— He asks St. Colman to be “ the father of his confession ” — He goes to Cloyne to die — His relics brought back to Cork with great honour — “Seventeen holy bishops rest in Cork with Barri and Nessan”
— St. Finbar’s virtues — He is distinguished for his charity, and “ blooming sweet ” to the poor — The ancient Latin Lives of St. Finbar — The famous Schools of Cork — Coleman O’ Cluasiaghe —

Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 5

As the companion tells it

Cork owes its foundation to Christian monks, and the man at its heart is Saint Finbar. His father Amergin emigrated to county Cork. There were miraculous occurrences at his baptism, and a miraculous supply of food in his youth. He read the alphabet. He met Saint Brandon, who recognized his sanctity and prophesied his future. A holy man from Rome instructed him in ecclesiastical rules. He remained at Cloyne for some time before leaving it. His disciples were known for their piety and learning. He founded the city on the swamp of Cork. He asked Saint Colman to be, in the source's words, "the father of his confession." He went to Cloyne to die, but his relics were brought back to Cork with great honour. Seventeen holy bishops are said to rest in Cork with Barri and Nessan. He was distinguished for his charity, and, in the words of the old text, "blooming sweet" to the poor. The famous schools of Cork followed, under Coleman O'Cluasiaghe.

Tara's house of groaning hostages

near Tara · hill or hills · Meath

The poem referenced in the Book of Lecan indicates that the top of the house of the 'groaning hostages' at Tara was closed with a single stone, demonstrating early use of cut stone in Irish architecture.

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From the poem it appears that stone, and even cut stone, was used at a very early period, for the top of the house of the “ groaning hostages” at Tara was closed with one stone — but we reserve a fuller account of the ancient architecture of Ireland for a future page.
If the bardic accounts are to be taken as literally true, or even as poetically true — and poetic truth is but a cloud of fancy surrounding a pillar of fact — the dress of the early Irish must have been very costly. If the gold ornaments which they have so elaborately described had not been found, there might be some question of their veracity ; but since they still exist, and have even been found in abundance, there can

Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 32

Timoleague Abbey repaired by Catholics

Timoleague · town · Cork · 1604

Around 1604, the abbey of Timoleague was repaired by Roman Catholics as part of a broader effort to rebuild abbeys and monasteries and restore religious splendour.

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“ The Romanists began to rebuild several abbeys and monas¬ teries in this county, and in other parts of the kingdom ; Kilcrea and the abbey of Timoleague were repaired, £ intending,’ says Sullivan, £ to restore the splendour of religion.’ Sir Henry Beecher was about this time made lord president of Munster.
1605. ££ The city of Cork and its liberties were separated from the county of Cork, and made a distinct county. The same year the corporations of Bandon, Cloughnakilty, &c., began to settle their future form of government.

Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 278

As the companion tells it

You're coming through Timoleague in Cork. Around 1604 the abbey here was repaired by Roman Catholics, part of a broader effort to rebuild abbeys and monasteries across the county and beyond. Kilcrea was repaired at the same time. Sullivan says they were "intending to restore the splendour of religion." Sir Henry Beecher was made lord president of Munster about then as well.

Walter Raleigh sails from Cork harbour

Cork · city · Cork · 1617

On August 9th, 1617, Sir Walter Raleigh sailed from the harbour of Cork on his last, unfortunate expedition to the West Indies.

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1617. “ August 9th, Sir Walter Raleigh sailed from the harbour of Cork on his last unfortunate expedition to the West Indies.
1618. “ On the 7th of November Mr. William Gold, who was the foregoing year mayor of Cork, delivered up in open court, to his successor, four charters, viz., those of Edward IV., Henry VIII., Queen Elizabeth, and the charter of King James I., as also one quietus of the exchequer for the fee-farm rent of the city.

Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 279

Warning sent from Castlemaine

Castlemaine · town · Kerry · 1580

A warning about the Spanish fleet was sent from Castlemaine, County Kerry, by Andrew Martin, the constable, to St. Leger. The Connors of Lixnaw also sent a report to the Recorder of Limerick.

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The little Spanish fleet was sighted before landing, and the Earl of Clancare, who was encamped at Killorglen, near Killarney, and who, no doubt, had a very vivid anticipation of the probable consequences to his “ sonne,” if he was even suspected of complicity by his silence, sent a despatch in all haste to Cork. Another warning was sent from (Castle Magne) Castlemaine, Co. Kerry, by Andrew Martin, the constable, to St. Leger, and the Connors of Lixnaw, also sent a report to the Recorder of Limerick.
There is no doubt that San Jose was a traitor of the deepest dye. On the arrival of the Spaniards, he selected the Fort del Ore as his headquarters, in opposition to the urgent entreaties of the Irish leaders, who knew the strength of the English fleet,

Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 217

Abbey of St. Finbar at Gill Abbey, Cork

Cork · city · Cork

The Abbey of St. Finbar was situated in the suburb now called Gill Abbey, near the present Queen's College. The Lough still remains as evidence of the vast lake or morass cleared and cultivated by the monks.

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The Abbey of St. Finbar was situated in the suburb now called Gill Abbey, and strangely enough the present Queen’s College is near the old site. The little lake called the Lough still remains to give evidence of the vast lake or morass cleared and cultivated by the toiling, patient monks, through whom Cork became a centre of civilization to Southern Ireland, and even to distant lands.
Church of St. Multose, in Kinsale

Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 50

As the companion tells it

As you pass through Cork, the Abbey of St. Finbar once stood in the suburb now called Gill Abbey, near the present Queen's College. The Lough still remains, a little lake that gives evidence of the vast lake or morass the monks cleared and cultivated. Through their toiling patience, Cork became a centre of civilization to Southern Ireland and even to distant lands.

Sir Charles Vavasor arrives at Youghal

Youghal · town · Cork · 1642

Sir Charles Vavasor arrived in Youghal with a thousand men around the time of the failed attack on Bandon in July 1642. Youghal was one of the southern towns held by the rebel party.

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The Lord Justice had taken the rebel side also, and no quarter was the word, even before Cromwell came. The Irish attacked Bandon, under Mac Carthy Reagh, on the 1 8th July, 1642, and were repulsed with great slaughter, and the prisoners executed with the usual barbarity. About the same time Sir Charles Vavasor arrived in Youghal with a thousand men, and Cork was invaded by Lord Muskery. His camp was at Rochfordstown, but his troops were soon repulsed with great loss.
The Parliamentary army were in such need of money, that they seized ^4,000, which Sir Robert Tynte was prudently despatching to England. He was, however, well recompensed afterwards. Lord Cork complained, pathetically, that whereas his income once had been fifty pounds a day, he had not now fifty pence a week.

Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 291

Alternative murder sites at Kilflyn and Mushera

Kilflyn · parish · Kerry

Alternative sites for the murder of Mahoun are shown at Kilflyn and in the Mushera Mountains.

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Doubtful conversion of the Danes to Christianity— Sketch of the general state of Ireland at this period— Brian Boroimhe and his brother Mahoun ( Mathgamhain)— Brian will have nothing to do with the “ Grim Black Gentiles”— The Eoghanists ally themselves with the Danes— Quarrels between the Eoghanists and Datcassians — The result— The treacherous murder of Mahoun in the County Cork — Different accounts of this event — He places him¬ self under the protection of the Bishop of Cork, who is unable to avert the crime — The Bishop “maledicts” all who are concerned Desecration of the “ Gospel of St. Barri ” — -The site of the murder in the Macroom Mountains — The conspiracy by Ivor, the Danish King of Limerick, Donovan, and Molloy — The Bishop remains at Raithen Mor , near Fermoy — One site of the murder at Kilflyn, another shown in the Mushera Mountains — Molloy is cursed for his treachery — Brian Boroimhe’s vengeance — Elegy on Mahoun’s death, supposed to have been spoken by him — Brian revenges his brothers murder — The battle of Glen Mama , and its results — The subjugation of the Danes — -What led to the battle of Clontarf — Brian's marriage with Gormley — Her character — A scene at the palace of Kincora — The war begins in earnest — The battle of Clontarf — The places of the Cork men — Raids on Cork after this battle.
CHAP. YI. — Early Ecclesiastical Foundations... . 85

Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 5

Altore Cross Roads near Inchigeelagh

Inchigeelagh · townland · Cork

Altoee, near Inchigeelagh, is known as Altore Cross Roads. The name derives from altoir, meaning an altar, suggesting an ancient ecclesiastical association.

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Altoee, a place near Inchigeelagh, is known as Altore Cross Roads. Altore — Altoir , an altar.
In A Tour through Ireland by Two English Gentlemen (Dublin), 1 748, we read : — “ The poorer sort of Irish natives are mostly Roman Catholicks, who make no scruple to assemble in the open Fields. As we passed yesterday in a By-Road we saw a priest under a tree, with a large assembly about him, celebrating Mass in his proper Habit ; and though at a great distance from us we heard him distinctly. These sort of people, my lord, seem to be very solemn and sincere in their devotion.”

Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 389

Auliff O'Donovan slain in county Cork, 1301

Cork · city · Cork · 1301

In 1301, Amhlaoibh Aulaf (Auliff) O'Donovan, chief of the O'Donovans, was slain in what is now County Cork by the O'Briens and De Burgos.

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XXIX. Raghnall Ranulph Randal, or Reginald O’Donovan, another name which bespeaks a Danish alliance. In the year 1301 the chief of the O’Donovans, Amhlaoibh Aulaf, or Auliff, was seated in the now county of Cork, where he was slain that year by the O’Briens and De Burgos, but how he stood related to this Raghnall has not been proved.
XXX. Mailruanaidh.

Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 402

As the companion tells it

As you pass through Cork, the road brings you near country where, in 1301, Auliff O'Donovan, chief of the O'Donovans, was slain by the O'Briens and De Burgos. He was seated here in what is now County Cork when he met his death that year.

Ballincollig gunpowder mills and Barrett's castle

near Ballincollig · town · Cork · 1327–1377

Ballincollig is remarkable as a military depot and for its extensive gunpowder mills. About a mile west of the village stand the ruins of Barrett's castle of Ballincollig, built in the reign of Edward III, consisting of a square keep and enclosed bawn.

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Ballincollig, Baile-an-Ckullaigh, the town of the boar. The village of Ballincollig is remarkable as a military depot and for its extensive gunpowder mills. The artillery barracks forms a large pile of buildings ; and the powder nulls, which are near the barrack, occupy a great extent in the adjacent low grounds, space being necessary to the safety of the works. About a mile west of the village stands the ruins of Barrett’s castle of Ballincollig, built in the reign of Edward III. It is situated in the plain, and consists of a square keep and enelosed bawn.
A mile above Ballincollig, the Lee is joined by the Bride,

Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 395

Ballybeg Abbey and transferred remains

Ballybeg · townland · Cork

The ancient abbey of Ballybeg, about half a mile from Buttevant friary, had its abbey-land and graveyard acquired by a farmer. Human bones from the abbey were transferred to the friary church to be deposited in consecrated ground.

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corporate town, and to judge from its ruins it must have been of considerable importance. The Barrys ruled here with regal splendour, and almost with royal power. Smith says : — “ This whole town seems formerly to have been an assemblage of churches and religious houses” (History of Cork , vol. i, p. 315), and it merited from Burlase the eulogy that “it was an old nest of abbots and friars.” Ward, in his MS. History, gives the following account of the Franciscan Convent of Buttevant : — “ It was built in 1251, and was placed under the care of the Superior of Cork in 1260. In the reign of Queen Elizabeth the friars were several times driven away from it, and some of them were arrested and thrown into prison. All the buildings, with the exception of the church, were mined, and that was preserved on account of the tombs of the nobility there buried, but all the images were broken. Still some of the friars continued to reside there — partly in the conventual buildings, or their ruins, and partly in the neighbourhood.” Wadding also writes regarding this place, Buttefanie, or Buttevanie : — “ The town was formerly large and frequented, now it is reduced and poor. Two illustrious families — the Barrys and the Lombards — had their residence there. Some say that the convent was erected by the Barrys, others by the Pendergasts, but I think it was by the Barrys, whose magni¬ ficent tomb was erected in the middle of the choir, and whose family always evinced their piety towards our order. In the church are many sepulchres of nobles. It is wonderful with what care the friars have repaired some of the ruins of this convent. . In the crypt is an immense collection of bones and skulls, which are probably supposed to be the remains of those who fell in the sanguinary battle of Knockninoss, on the 1 3th of November, 1647. Among those who were slain on this occasion are the famous Mac Alistair Mac Donnell, surnamed Colkitto. It is said, however, that a great portion of these human bones were brought to this church from the ancient abbey of Ballybeg, about half a mile distant, by a farmer who got possession of the abbey-land and graveyard, and who was justly solicitous to deposit such remains in consecrated ground.”

Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 394

Ballybeg Priory ruins near Buttevant

Ballybeg · townland · Cork · 1229

The ruins of an Augustinian monastery near Buttevant, founded by the Barrys and dedicated to St. Thomas, endowed in 1229. An equestrian brass statue of the founder was placed in the church, and the ruins show it was originally a magnificent structure.

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Ballybeg (small town). — The ruins of this monastery are situated near Buttevant, in the barony of Orrery and Kilmore. This house was founded by the Barrys .also. It was dedicated to St. Thomas, and the monks followed the rule of St. Augustine. It was endowed in the year 1229. An equestrian statue in brass of the founder was placed in the church. The ruins of this abbey show that it had been originally a magnificent structure.
B a ll ym AC ad aye is situated four miles from the city of Cork, on the Bandon road. Felim Mac Owen and other Franciscan friars were in possession, and dispossessed in the reign of Elizabeth. Cormac Mac Carthy founded an abbey here for Austine nuns in 1450.

Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 391

Barrett's Castle near Ballincollig described

near Ballincollig · town · Cork

Barrett's Castle stands about a mile south-west of Ballincollig on an isolated limestone rock. It forms an irregular quadrangle with a fortified bawn and a slender keep of about forty feet, with uncommonly small chambers measuring five feet by four feet.

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Barrett’s Castle stands about a mile south-west of the village of Ballincollig,
This building forms an irregular quadrangle. It is built on an isolated limestone rock in the midst of a gently undulating plain, and consists of a large fortified bawn and a slender keep of about forty feet in height. This latter stands at the east side of the bawn, and is vaulted inside. The chambers are of uncommonly small dimensions, measuring in length five feet, and breadth four feet, each occupying the entire internal space.

Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 396

Beile festivals at Clontinty near Cork

Clontinty · townland · Cork

Beile (Beltane) festivals were held at Clontinty near Cork, indicating the site's importance in pre-Christian ritual practice. The text links these festivals to the division of Ireland into provinces.

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Ireland first peopled in Munster— The reasons iui accepting the Annals of pre-Christian Ages — -Their importance — Their probable truth— Difference between legends and narra¬ tives true in the main — The great value of Celtic studies — Dunamark, in the barony of Bantry, the first place inhabited in Ireland — Traditions of the “Morning Land” — Early historic records— Anthropological science — The first colonization of Ireland — Parthalon — The Firbolgs — The Tuatha-de-Dananns— Death of King Neimhidh and three thousand persons at Cork — Battle at Berehaven — The seat of sovereignty estab. lished — The Beile festivals at Clontinty, near Cork — Ireland divided into provinces — Origin of the prefix, “ ster” — The Irish fire-worshippers — Examples from names of places in Cork — Assolas, near Kanturk, and near Doneraile— The seat of monarchy settled at Dun-Cearmna, now Kinsale, A.M. 3668 — Battles in the County Cork — Second division of Ireland — riingus, king of Munster — Ancestor of the Mac Carthys, O’Keeffes, O’Callaghans, and O’Sullivans — Battle at Cuille, County Cork — the Plague.
Ill'CCORDiNG to the best and earliest traditions, Ireland was first peopled in Munster. If such traditions are to be alto¬ gether rejected because they stretch away into a dim and and misty past, we must give up a great deal of pre-Christian history. Why should not the Irish Celt have as ancient and respected traditions as the Assyrian or the Indian ? Does ancient Irish history fail to interest because it can be studied nearer home, or because it is the history of a people for whom there is less sympathy ? Dates in the pre-Christian periods may be doubtful, but this by no means invalidates facts: Facts may be handed down with a halo of romance, but the fact none the less underlies the halo. Yet. when all is said, there

Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 12

Breada man-of-war blown up in Cork harbour

near Cork Harbour · estuary · Cork · 1691

On 12 October 1691, the Breada man-of-war, which lay in Cork harbour, was blown up and nearly all on board perished.

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Seven Irish regiments laid down their arms— Tyrone’s, Mac Carthy’s, O’Donovan’s, Mac Gillicuddy’s, Clancarty’s, O’Sullivan’s, and Barrett’s. The principal officers and some of the men were sent to England as prisoners, and about 4,500 of the defenders of Limerick embarked at Cork for France, under the command of General Sarsfield [Lord Lucan]. On the 12th of October, 1691, the Breada man-ofwar, which lay in Cork harbour, was blown up, and nearly all perished.
S'ir Richard Cox describes how the captured Irish were treated after this war, in which, as usual, they had taken the

Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 304

Call for naval pinnaces on the Shannon

Shannon · town · Clare · 1600

A correspondent urged that some of her Majesty's pinnaces be appointed for the coast and the river of the Shannon, reflecting ongoing strategic concerns about rebel activity and Spanish aid along Ireland's waterways.

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“ At the Old Head of Kinsall there is a strong fort, lately in Florence’s keeping, but now taken by direction and award, their place. O’Neyll had equally divided betwixt his cousin Florence and his Earl of Desmond all profits gotten in possession, or coming from beyond the seayes. Pardon me, Right Honbl.e, I beseech you to yield a poor opinion: it were very requisite that some of her Majesty’s pinnaces be appointed for this coast, and the river of the Shannon. The consideration I humbly leave to. your honor’s grave and deep deep judgment, craving pardon for my boldness.
“Cork, this 2nd of April, 1600.

Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 242

Carew's march route from Cork to Dunboy through Munster towns

Timoleague · town · Cork · 1602

Carew set out from Cork on 20 April 1602, encamping successively at Owneby near Kinsale, Timoleague, Rosscarbery, Castletown via the Leap, and Baltimore, before reaching the Bantry area. This was the concentration of all English forces in Munster for the siege of Dunboy Castle.

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« All the English force in Munster were now concentrated on the one point. Carew set out from Cork on the 20th April, 1602. He encamped that night at Owneby, near Kinsale. On the 24th he reached Timoleague, on the 25th Rosscarbery, on the 26th he went over the Leap to Castletown, on the 27th to Baltimore, on the 2 9th he encamped at a castle near Kilcor, wherein the rebel Conogher, the eldest son of Sir Fineen O’Driscoll, knight, held a ward ; the 30th the army dislodged, and drew to Carew castle, built in ancient time by the lord president’s ancestors and by the Irish, called Downmarke, on the Marques, his house being two miles distant from the Abbey of Bantry, where we sate downe as well to give annoyance to the rebels as to tarry the coming of the shipping with victuals, munition and ordnance, at which place Captain George ' Flower, with his .garrison (left there by the Earl of Thomond), fell in unto us.”
When the army had fairly encamped before Dunboy, Staf-

Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa

Castle of Dunnagall on Ringarogy Island

Ringarogy Island · island or archipelago · Cork · 1215

The castle of Dunnagall was erected by Sleviny. Its ruins are marked on the ordnance map of county Cork, sheet 150, on Ringarogy Island, in the parish of Creagh, in the east division of the barony of West Carbery.

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The castles of Dunnagall and Dun na Sead (Baltimore), by Sleviny. The ruins of the former are marked on the ordnance map of the county of Cork, sheet 150, on Ringarogy Island, in the parish of Creagh, in the east division of the barony of West Carbery ; and the ruins of the castles of Baltimore, which was anciently called Dun na p6ao, are shown on the same sheet at Baltimore village.
The castle of Traigh-bhaile, near the harbour of Cuan Dor (Glandore), was erected by Barrett. This castle was afterwards called Cloghatrad - Y ally, and belonged to Donnell na Carton O’Donovan, chief of Clann-Loughlin, who died on the 10th of May, 1580, and to his son, and grandson. It was situated in the townland of Aghatubridmore, in the parish of Kilfaughnabeg, and is now generally called Glandore Castle.

Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 117

Church founded at Ross Beg by Mochuda's brethren

Ross Beg · townland · Leitrim

As part of the lands granted by King Cathel to St. Mochuda, holy brethren were sent to build a church at Ross Beg in honour of God. This was one of several foundations established by Mochuda in Munster.

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“ Mochuda came where the king was, and the king and his friends implored Mochuda to relieve his distress. Mochuda made prayers to God for him, and put the sign of the holy cross on his eyes, and ears, and mouth, and he was cured of all his diseases and troubles, and the king, Cathel, gave extensive lands to God, and to Mochuda for ever, namely, Cathel Island, and Ross Beg and Ross More, and Pick Island (now Spike Island), and Mochuda sent holy brethren to build a church in Ross Beg in honour of God, and Mochuda himself commenced building a monastery in Pick Island, and he remained there a full year.”9
9. The Life says further : — “ Mochuda then placed three of his disciples above mentioned, namely, the three sons of Nascann, i.e., Bishop Caban, and Straphan, the priest, and Laisren, the saint, in those churches. And it was the holy Bishop of Ardomain that gave holy orders to these three in Mochuda’s presence ; and it was he that was appointed to preserve them in the path of righteousness ; and he left two score more of his brethren in his own stead in the monastery of Pick Island. Pick Island is a most holy place, and most pious people reside in it perpetually.

Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 91

Cloyne as ancient burial place of Ireland's elite

Cloyne · town · Cork

According to an ancient manuscript, Cloyne was the favourite burial place for the noble families of Ireland because of the sanctity of the founder of the See. Cormac Mac Cullenan expressed this veneration in his will by desiring to be buried there.

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Cloyne, according to an ancient MS., was the favourite place of burial for the “ best bloods of Ireland,” on account of the sanctity of the founder of the See. That it was so venerated we find from the will of Cormac Mac Cullenan, who desired to be buried here.
The Round Tower is thus described by Dr. Moran : —

Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 421

A history of the city and county of Cork

The stories, best first

English vice-admiral Winter puts into Ventry harbour

Great slaughter at Cork, Fitz Stephen forced to citadel, 1183

Identification of Teamhair Luachra site near Castleisland

Inventory of Alderman Thomas Roinane of Cork

Irish troops disarm Protestants in Cork and villages

Kilmoe chapel ruins and church dedications

Lord Cork lodges soldiers on tenants at Lismore

Mass-rock hills across Ireland

Maurice Oge dies suddenly at Castlemaine

Merchant families' castles around Cork

Mitchelstown caves and St. Fachna's holy well

Old drawbridge lighting and drownings in Cork city

Ross as the most ancient town in Ireland

Ruins and altar in Cannaway churchyard

Silver pectoral cross found at Bridgetown Abbey

Spaniards taken prisoner at Castlemaine

St. Finbarr's Cathedral remains on old map

Strancally and Kilfinan garrisoned by Spaniards

Surrender of Kinsale to Marlborough's forces

The Marsh described as desolate morass

The Ovens caves seven miles west of Cork

Youghal Franciscan convent founded 1224, destroyed 1583

Abbot of Cork and Lismore mortally wounded

Cloyne and Ardagh burned

Cork and Youghal targeted by Cromwell; Colonel Phair appointed governor

Cork freemen petition against post-siege taxes

Cork trading privileges confirmed by Edward VI (1543)

Cullin tower at Buttevant friary

David Terry of Ardnageehy gives milk to the poor

Death of King Neimhidh and 3,000 at Cork

Franciscan friary leased to Samuel Hayman with military obligation

James I charter constitutes Cork a free city

John, Earl of Desmond, dies at Youghal

Kinsale's royal charter from Edward III

Mallow Preceptory of Knights Templars

Manor of Dromagh granted to Arthur O'Keene, 1610

March from Cork to Mallow (1535)

Rosscarbery inquisition on Kinsale fisheries

Royal Cork Institution founded and chartered

St. Finbar's relics brought to Cork

Tara's house of groaning hostages

Timoleague Abbey repaired by Catholics

Walter Raleigh sails from Cork harbour

Warning sent from Castlemaine

Abbey of St. Finbar at Gill Abbey, Cork

Sir Charles Vavasor arrives at Youghal

Alternative murder sites at Kilflyn and Mushera

Altore Cross Roads near Inchigeelagh

Auliff O'Donovan slain in county Cork, 1301

Ballincollig gunpowder mills and Barrett's castle

Ballybeg Abbey and transferred remains

Ballybeg Priory ruins near Buttevant

Barrett's Castle near Ballincollig described

Beile festivals at Clontinty near Cork

Breada man-of-war blown up in Cork harbour

Call for naval pinnaces on the Shannon

Carew's march route from Cork to Dunboy through Munster towns

Castle of Dunnagall on Ringarogy Island

Church founded at Ross Beg by Mochuda's brethren

Cloyne as ancient burial place of Ireland's elite