A history of the city and county of Cork

Each story keeps the passage it was read from. Open one to read it as the scan has it, and, where the companion has written its own telling, that too. The passages are read off photographs of the page by machine, so a word here and there comes out wrong; they are kept as the reading produced them, so you can check any of them against the scan.

1. Death of Meredith, son of Robert Fitz Stephen, at Cork

   Cork · city · Cork · 1180

   The Annals of Innisfallen record the death of Meredith, son of Robert Fitz Stephen, at Cork in 1180.

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   The Annals of I mils fallen, under the year 1180, enter the death of Meredith, son of Robert Fitz Stephen, at Cork.

   1183. Great slaughter was made by the English of Cork, and Robert Fitz Stephens was forced to retire to the citadel for protection, till Raymond Le Gros came with his English

   Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 110

   As the companion tells it

   Cork holds an old grief from 1180. The Annals of Innisfallen record the death of Meredith, son of Robert Fitz Stephen, here in the city. Three years later, in 1183, great slaughter was made by the English of Cork. Robert Fitz Stephen was forced to retire to the citadel for protection, until Raymond Le Gros came with his English.

2. Dominican friary at Youghal reformed in 1493

   Youghal · town · Cork · 1493–1504

   The Dominican friary at Youghal was reformed by Bartholomew Cornatius (Bononiensis), the 23rd master of the order, as recorded in the register of Joachim Turrianus. The friars of Cork, Limerick, and Youghal were later specially praised by Pope Julius II for desiring regular observance.

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   “ 1301 — Vincentio de Bandello was appointed to retorm the houses of the Dominicans, and for this purpose was armed with Apostolical authority. He addressed himself to the work with zeal; but being unable to visit Ireland m person he deputed John de Baufremey, of Holland, to represent him. The friars of Cork, Limerick, and Youghal, were pre-eminent in desiring to submit themselves to regular observance ; and are specially mentioned and lauded m the Bull issued to

   Baufremely, in 1504, by Pope Julius H.

   Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 449

   As the companion tells it

   Youghal had a Dominican friary reformed in 1493 by Bartholomew Cornatius of Bologna, the 23rd master of the order, as recorded in the register of Joachim Turrianus. Vincentio de Bandello was appointed to reform the Dominican houses with apostolic authority but could not visit Ireland. He deputed John de Baufremey of Holland. The friars of Cork, Limerick, and Youghal were pre-eminent in desiring regular observance, and were specially praised in a bull issued by Pope Julius II in 1504.

3. Elizabeth Fort bombarded during the siege of Cork

   near Elizabeth Fort · street · Cork · 1690

   During the 1690 siege of Cork, Elizabeth Fort in Barrack Street was bombarded from multiple batteries. The author notes that despite Lord Macaulay's claim it 'lies in ruins,' the fort remained in good preservation at the time of writing.

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   8. The fort, i. e., the Elizabeth fort, in Barrack street. This fort, which Lord Macaulay, says “lies in ruins,” is in good preservation to the present day.

   37# DUKE OF GRAFTON MORTALLY WOUNDED.

   Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 303

   As the companion tells it

   Somewhere about Elizabeth Fort, in 1690, this fort in Barrack Street came under bombardment during the siege of Cork. Lord Macaulay later wrote that it, as he put it, "lies in ruins," but in fact it stood in good preservation long after.

4. Fashionable narrow lanes of seventeenth-century Cork

   Cork · city · Cork · 1600–1699

   The narrow lanes intersecting Cork's main street were the fashionable residences of the city in the seventeenth century, where wealthy merchants had their mansions. Skiddy's Castle and Therry's were among the notable residences in these lanes.

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   Ihe Royal or (Main) street was also intersected then, as it is now, by narrow lanes. These lanes were the fashionable residences of Cork. In them wealthy merchants had their mansions. You see Skiddy’s Castle in one and Therry’s in

   Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 271

   As the companion tells it

   Cork in the 1600s had its main street cut across by narrow lanes. These lanes were where the city's wealthy merchants lived, in mansions that made them the fashionable part of town. Skiddy's Castle stood in one lane. Therry's stood in another.

5. Fertile country around Kenmare described in 1645

   Kenmare · townland · Kerry · 1645

   A priest accompanying Monsignor Rinuccini to Ireland in 1645 described the country around Kenmare as agreeable pasture land abundantly stocked with cattle, interspersed with groves and woods. Beyond the mountains lay an immense cultivated plain rich with oxen and sheep producing fine wool.

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   “ The country through which we passed [the party landed at Kenmare, Co. Kerry], though situated in a mountainous district, is agreeable ; and being entirely pasture land, is most abundantly stocked with cattle of every kind. Occasionally one meets a long tract of valley interspersed with groves and woods, which as they are neither high nor densely planted, partakes more of the agreeable than of the gloomy. For seventy miles the country which we meet was almost entirely of this character ; but having once crossed the mountains we entered upon an immense plain, occasionally diversified with hills and valley, highly cultivated and enriched with an infinite number of cattle, especially oxen and sheep, from the latter of which is obtained the very finest of what is known amongst us as English wool.

   Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 273

   As the companion tells it

   Somewhere around here in 1645, a priest travelling with Monsignor Rinuccini described the country as agreeable pasture land, abundantly stocked with cattle of every kind. The valleys were interspersed with groves and woods, neither high nor densely planted, partaking more of the agreeable than of the gloomy. For 70 miles the country held this character. Once the mountains were crossed, the party entered an immense plain, diversified with hills and valley, highly cultivated and rich with oxen and sheep, from which was obtained the very finest of what was known as English wool.

6. Fourteenth Earl of Desmond dies at Askeaton

   Askeaton · townland · Limerick · 1558

   James, fourteenth Earl of Desmond, was commissioned to continue parliament on November 1, 1557, but died the following year at Askeaton. He was succeeded by Gerald, his eldest son by his second wife.

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   The new earl was received with great condescension by the English king, who was anxious to keep peace in Ireland until his continental affairs were more settled. Desmond was made Lord High Treasurer of Ireland, which office he held to the end of the reign of Queen Mary ; and in July, 1 543, the Lord Deputy, St. Leger, was authorized to make him a grant, by patent, of a house and parcel of land near Dublin, for the keeping of his horses and train when he attended the parlia¬ ment or council, and for this purpose St. Mary’s Abbey was bestowed upon him. In 1550 a great court was held in Limerick, to which O’Carroll repaired, under the safe pro¬ tection of the earl, the mayor of Limerick, and the English and Irish who were present at that court. He was commis¬ sioned to continue the parliament, November 1, 1557, but he died the following year at Askeaton. He was succeeded by Gerald, his eldest son by his second wife. The true heir vainly attempted to assert his rights, but although he had the assistance of the Lord Kerry and others, might triumphed over right, and Earl Gerald sat as Lord of Desmond in a parliament held in Dublin, a.d. 1 5 59.1

   1. The exact amount of the tribute imposed upon Mac Carthy More by the Earl of Desmond has not been ascertained. Dr. O’Donovan quotes the following from the author of Carbritz Notitia, who wrote in 1686 : —

   Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 136

   As the companion tells it

   The fourteenth Earl of Desmond, James, died close to Askeaton in 1558. The English king had received the new earl with great condescension, anxious to keep peace in Ireland until his continental affairs were more settled. Desmond was made Lord High Treasurer of Ireland, which office he held to the end of the reign of Queen Mary. The Lord Deputy, St. Leger, was authorized to make him a grant by patent of a house and parcel of land near Dublin. This was for the keeping of his horses and train when he attended the parliament or council. For this purpose St. Mary's Abbey was bestowed upon him. In 1550 a great court was held in Limerick. O'Carroll repaired to it under the safe protection of the earl, the mayor of Limerick, and the English and Irish who were present at that court. He was commissioned to continue the parliament on November 1, 1557, but he died the following year. He was succeeded by Gerald, his eldest son by his second wife. The true heir vainly attempted to assert his rights. Although he had the assistance of the Lord Kerry and others, might triumphed over right, and Earl Gerald sat as Lord of Desmond in a parliament held in Dublin.

7. Glacial marks at Ballydehob, Schull and Cape Clear islands

   Ballydehob · townland · Cork

   Ice that crossed the head of Bantry Bay proceeded south-east, leaving marks in many places about Ballydehob and Schull, and on the islands near Cape Clear. Glacial blocks of Glengariff grits were carried south-eastward to near Clonakilty by the same agent.

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   G. H. Kinahan, on Bere Island and the adjoining mainland. Mr. J. F. Campbell, author of Frost and Fire , also has lately described the glaciation of Bere Island, etc. That part of the ice-flood which crossed the head of Bantry Bay and the country above it proceeded onwards to S.E. It has left its marks in many places about Ballydehob and Schull, and on the islands near Cape Clear ; also, as Mr. G. V. Dunoyer has recorded, all about the neighbourhood of Dunmanway. It was doubtless this agent that carried numerous blocks of the “Glengariff grits” south-eastward to near Clonakilty, etc. The indi¬ cations of its behaviour near Schull are very instructive. Its scorings are to be seen just a mile and a-half north by east of the summit of Mount Gabriel, beside a road; also a mile and ahalf E.N.E. of the same point, near the copper mines, very finely displayed. It was there flowing south-east by south towards the ridge of which Mount Gabriel is the highest point, and nearly at right angles thereto. It has left its traces on the crest of that ridge, viz., near the top of Mount Gabriel, at 1,200 feet, and on the summit of Ivnocknageeha, 708 feet, two miles southwestward ; it has there moved down the lee side of that ridge, as can be well seen, for instance, about a mile and a-quarter north-west of Schull — a performance simply impossible for floating ice. We must not omit to mention the glaciation in the gap on the east side of Mount Gabriel. Sir

   Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 364

   As the companion tells it

   Close to Ballydehob, the ice left its marks. A vast sheet of ice crossed the head of Bantry Bay and the country above it, then moved on to the south-east. It scored the land in many places about Ballydehob and Schull, and on the islands near Cape Clear. Mr. G. V. Dunoyer recorded the same traces all about the neighbourhood of Dunmanway. This same agent, the ice, carried numerous blocks of the Glengariff grits south-eastward to near Clonakilty. The indications of how the ice behaved near Schull are very instructive. Its scorings can be seen a mile and a half north by east of the summit of Mount Gabriel, beside a road. They appear again a mile and a half east-north-east of the same point, near the copper mines, very finely displayed. There the ice was flowing south-east by south, towards the ridge of which Mount Gabriel is the highest point, and nearly at right angles to it. It left its traces on the crest of that ridge, near the top of Mount Gabriel, at 1,200 feet, and on the summit of Knocknageeha, 708 feet, two miles south-westward. There it moved down the lee side of the ridge, as can be well seen about a mile and a quarter north-west of Schull. The writer calls this a performance simply impossible for floating ice. There is also glaciation in the gap on the east side of Mount Gabriel.

8. Glacial overflow on Knockbwee

   Knockbwee · hill or hills · Cork

   The glaciating flood submerged the mountain ridge dividing Cork from Kerry, overflowing the southern Knockbwee, which reaches 2,321 feet in height. Ice marks were left in four places east and southeast of the summit, ninety feet below it.

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   of the ice nan be traced backwards, not only to the col pierced by the tunnel between Glengariff and Kenmare, but down the valley beyond, where the scorings will be seen running uphili towards Glengariff. About five miles eastward of the tunnel, the ice has left its marks running from the Kerry side up the valley leading to the col , about i ,480 feet high, traversed by the Priest’s Leap road. Similar instances can be found eise where. The scoring flood has left its strongly-marked traces running across the crest of this mountain ridge dividing Cork from Kerry, in many places, from the col at the head of the Coomhola valley to near Kilmakilloge harbour, a distance of seventeen miles, and no doubt, for a greater length. Its groovings are well seen on the top of the hill, 1,393 feet high, just beside the above-mentioned tunnel, on the east. This place is easily accessible, and any one standing there will see in a moment that the rock-scoring agent did not start from the hills above Glengariff. The glaciating flood has completely submerged the ridge, of which we have been speaking, at least within the limits mentioned ; it has swept over the southern Knockbwee, 2,321 feet in height, the most elevated point of that ridge, having left its marks in four places east and south¬ east of the summit, and only ninety feet below it. It has also overflowed Knockowen, 2,169 feet, near Kilmakilloge harbour (that is to say during its greatest development ; for afterwards the mountains there sent down their own ice northwestwards into Kilmakilloge harbour) ; and there is no reason to doubt its having submerged the head of Slieve Daid, or Hungry Hill, 2,251 feet high, near Adragole. We have not been on the summit to ascertain this ; but we have seen its scorings on the spur, running towards Adragole harbour, which shew that it flowed across that spur, close past the mountain itself. (I he indications of enormous depths of land ice afforded by the above phenomena accord with what we find in the striking y glaciated district of west Galway and Mayo, m North A ales, in Cumbria, and in Scotland.) The ice which entered the upper part of Bantry Bay proceeded to cross the bay, as we see from its traces cm the east side of Glengariff harbour ; on Whiddy Island, and near Dunnamark (one mile north of Bantry). Some of it even turned, as at the head of the bay to flow inland towards N.E. We find that at Ardnagashel it had already turned somewhat, but by the time it reached Snave it got round into the direction mentioned ; this deflection, how¬ ever was only local, and caused by the general shape of the

   Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 363

   As the companion tells it

   Near the road through Knockbwee, a hill rising to 2,321 feet, there are marks left by a glaciating flood that once submerged the entire mountain ridge dividing Cork from Kerry. This hill is the most elevated point of that ridge, and the ice overflowed its southern side, leaving its marks in four places east and southeast of the summit, only ninety feet below the top. That same flood swept across the ridge for seventeen miles, from the col at the head of the Coomhola valley to near Kilmakilloge harbour. Its groovings are visible on a hill 1,393 feet high, just east of the tunnel between Glengariff and Kenmare. Anyone standing there can see that the rock-scoring agent did not start from the hills above Glengariff. The ice scorings can be traced backwards to that tunnel, and down the valley beyond, where the marks run uphill towards Glengariff. About five miles east of the tunnel, the ice left marks running from the Kerry side up the valley leading to a col about 1,480 feet high, traversed by the Priest's Leap road. The flood also overflowed Knockowen, 2,169 feet, near Kilmakilloge harbour, and there is no reason to doubt it submerged the head of Hungry Hill, 2,251 feet high, near Adragole. Its scorings are visible on the spur running towards Adragole harbour, showing the ice flowed across that spur, close past the mountain itself.

9. Great fire burns part of Cork city

   Cork · city · Cork · 1612

   In 1612, a considerable part of the city of Cork was burned down by an accidental fire.

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   1612. “ A considerable part of the city of Cork was burned clown by an accidental fire.

   1614. “ The following establishment, besides the lord president’s

   Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 279

   As the companion tells it

   Cork city stands along the road. In 1612, a considerable part of it was burned down by an accidental fire. The record gives no more than that, a single line marking what was lost.

10. Henry III grant for tunics to Franciscan friars of Cork

    Cork · city · Cork · 1244

    In 1244 King Henry III granted £20 to be paid yearly on the feast of All Saints to buy one hundred tunics for Franciscan friars in Dublin, Waterford, Cork, Athlone, and Kilkenny.

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    “A.D. 1244. — On the 15th of October, King Henry III. granted the sum of ^20 to be paid on the feast of All Saints yearly, to buy one hundred tunics for the use of the Franciscan Friars of Dublin, Waterford, Cork, Athlone, and Kilkenny.

    “ 1291. — A general chapter of the order was held here.

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 415

    As the companion tells it

    In 1244, on the 15th of October, King Henry the Third granted 20 pounds to be paid yearly on the feast of All Saints, to buy 100 tunics for the Franciscan friars of Dublin, Waterford, Cork, Athlone, and Kilkenny. In 1291 a general chapter of the order was held in Cork.

11. Ice crossing Bantry Bay to Whiddy Island and Dunnamark

    near Whiddy Island · island or archipelago · Cork

    Ice entering the upper part of Bantry Bay crossed the bay, leaving traces on the east side of Glengariff harbour, on Whiddy Island, and near Dunnamark one mile north of Bantry. Some ice turned inland towards the north-east, with deflection observed at Ardnagashel and Snave caused by the general shape of the ground.

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    of the ice nan be traced backwards, not only to the col pierced by the tunnel between Glengariff and Kenmare, but down the valley beyond, where the scorings will be seen running uphili towards Glengariff. About five miles eastward of the tunnel, the ice has left its marks running from the Kerry side up the valley leading to the col , about i ,480 feet high, traversed by the Priest’s Leap road. Similar instances can be found eise where. The scoring flood has left its strongly-marked traces running across the crest of this mountain ridge dividing Cork from Kerry, in many places, from the col at the head of the Coomhola valley to near Kilmakilloge harbour, a distance of seventeen miles, and no doubt, for a greater length. Its groovings are well seen on the top of the hill, 1,393 feet high, just beside the above-mentioned tunnel, on the east. This place is easily accessible, and any one standing there will see in a moment that the rock-scoring agent did not start from the hills above Glengariff. The glaciating flood has completely submerged the ridge, of which we have been speaking, at least within the limits mentioned ; it has swept over the southern Knockbwee, 2,321 feet in height, the most elevated point of that ridge, having left its marks in four places east and south¬ east of the summit, and only ninety feet below it. It has also overflowed Knockowen, 2,169 feet, near Kilmakilloge harbour (that is to say during its greatest development ; for afterwards the mountains there sent down their own ice northwestwards into Kilmakilloge harbour) ; and there is no reason to doubt its having submerged the head of Slieve Daid, or Hungry Hill, 2,251 feet high, near Adragole. We have not been on the summit to ascertain this ; but we have seen its scorings on the spur, running towards Adragole harbour, which shew that it flowed across that spur, close past the mountain itself. (I he indications of enormous depths of land ice afforded by the above phenomena accord with what we find in the striking y glaciated district of west Galway and Mayo, m North A ales, in Cumbria, and in Scotland.) The ice which entered the upper part of Bantry Bay proceeded to cross the bay, as we see from its traces cm the east side of Glengariff harbour ; on Whiddy Island, and near Dunnamark (one mile north of Bantry). Some of it even turned, as at the head of the bay to flow inland towards N.E. We find that at Ardnagashel it had already turned somewhat, but by the time it reached Snave it got round into the direction mentioned ; this deflection, how¬ ever was only local, and caused by the general shape of the

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 363

    As the companion tells it

    Whiddy Island sits in Bantry Bay, and the ice that once entered the upper part of the bay crossed right over the water, leaving its traces on the island, on the east side of Glengariff harbour, and near Dunnamark, one mile north of Bantry. The evidence is in the scoring on the rock. The ice came from beyond the col pierced by the tunnel between Glengariff and Kenmare, and down the valley beyond, where the scorings run uphill towards Glengariff. About five miles east of that tunnel, the ice left its marks running up the valley towards a col about 1,480 feet high, traversed by the Priest's Leap road. The scoring flood left strongly marked traces running across the crest of the mountain ridge dividing Cork from Kerry, from the col at the head of the Coomhola valley to near Kilmakilloge harbour, a distance of seventeen miles and no doubt more. The glaciating flood completely submerged that ridge within those limits. It swept over the southern Knockbwee, 2,321 feet, the most elevated point of the ridge, leaving its marks in four places east and south-east of the summit, only ninety feet below it. It also overflowed Knockowen, 2,169 feet, near Kilmakilloge harbour. There is no reason to doubt it submerged the head of Hungry Hill, 2,251 feet, near Adragole. Some of the ice that entered Bantry Bay turned inland towards the north-east. At Ardnagashel it had already turned somewhat, and by the time it reached Snave it had got round into that direction. This deflection was local, caused by the general shape of the ground.

12. Internecine warfare desolates Cork towns, 1691

    Fermoy · townland · Cork · 1691

    The early part of 1691 saw internecine warfare that desolated the countryside once more, with Fermoy, Bandon, Clonakilty, and Rosscarbery all suffering. No man was likely to put in seed with so little prospect of a peaceful harvest.

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    The early part of the year 1691 was spent in internicine warfare, which was of little advantage to either party, while it served to desolate the country once more. Fermoy, Bandon, Clonakilty, and Rosscarbery — all suffered, and no man was likely to put in seed with so little prospect of a peaceful harvest.

    There was a general forfeiture of estates, as usual, after each civil war. The Earl of Clancarty was the heaviest sufferer, but the Coppingers, Galways, Barrys, Goolds, Driscolls, Roches, Mac Carthys, Nangles, Meaghers, and Sarsfields were subjected to severe confiscation.

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 305

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere around here, in the early part of 1691, internecine warfare desolated the countryside once more. Fermoy suffered, along with Bandon, Clonakilty, and Rosscarbery. No man was likely to put in seed with so little prospect of a peaceful harvest. After each civil war came the usual forfeiture of estates. The Earl of Clancarty was the heaviest sufferer, but the Coppingers, Galways, Barrys, Goolds, Driscolls, Roches, Mac Carthys, Nangles, Meaghers, and Sarsfields were all subjected to severe confiscation.

13. Killarney mountains as glacial centre

    Killarney · town · Kerry

    The mountains of Killarney served as the principal centre of dispersion for the glacial scoring agent that shaped the landscape of west Cork. Subordinate centres also existed in connection with this main point of origin.

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    The traces shew that the glacial phenomena of west Cork were produced by some abrading yzWf (for such it was, though not of water) which came from outside the county, viz., from Kerry. The mountains of Killarney mark the position of the principal centre of dispersion, though there were other sub¬ ordinate ones in connection therewith. Now it so happens that the mountain and hill ridges of west Cork run nearly at right angles to the general direction of the scoring flood in that district as it was moving away from said centre ; and the scoring agent has moved up the near sides (to it) of those ridges, across their crests, and down their off sides — a fact which at once and utterly excludes floating ice as the agent, and ffiso slipping mud, though for a quite different reason (these being the only two other proposed agents worth a moment s consideration). This can be well seen near Glengariff. Probably most tourists who have noticed the glaciation of the rocks about there have supposed that it was accomplished by ice descending from the hills around, which supplied what they have regarded as the Glengariff glacier. But the course

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 362

    As the companion tells it

    The town of Killarney sits near mountains that once played a larger role in this part of Ireland than most travellers would guess. The traces show that the glacial phenomena of west Cork were produced by some abrading agent which came from outside the county, from Kerry. The mountains of Killarney mark the position of the principal centre of dispersion, though there were other subordinate ones in connection with them. The mountain and hill ridges of west Cork run nearly at right angles to the general direction of the scoring flood as it was moving away from that centre. The scoring agent moved up the near sides of those ridges, across their crests, and down their off sides. That fact excludes floating ice as the agent, and also excludes slipping mud, though for a different reason. This can be well seen near Glengariff. Most tourists who have noticed the glaciation of the rocks about there supposed it was accomplished by ice descending from the hills around, what they regarded as the Glengariff glacier. But the course tells a different story.

14. Lords Justices inspect Duncannon fort and garrison

    Duncannon · town · Wexford

    The Lords Justices, travelling from Dublin toward Cork, arrived at Waterford and the next day viewed the garrison and fort of Duncannon. They were entertained there by the governor, Colonel Purcell.

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    “ August 16. The Marquis of Winchester, and the Earl of Galway, lords justices, set out from Dublin to Kilkenny, where they were sumptuously entertained by the Duchess of Ormond. On the 1 8th they arrived at Waterford, being met on the road by several gentlemen, and, near the city, by the mayor and corporation, with whom they dined. Next day, they viewed the garrison and the fort of Duncannon, where they were entertained by the governor, Colonel Purcell. After knighting John Mason, Esq., the mayor, their lordships proceeded to Clonmel, attended by the sheriff, and several gentlemen of the county of Tipperary, and by the mayor, aldermen, and recorder of Clonmel. They reviewed several regiments at Two-milebridge, who were there encamped. From Clonmel they pro¬ ceeded to Cork. On the 23rd they lay at Colonel Barry’s, near Castle-Lyons, and dined next day at Waterpark with the Lord Chief Justice Pine.

    “ On the 25th they came to Cork, being met some miles from the town by the bishop and clergy of the diocese, and several gentlemen, and were received at the gates of the city by the mayor and aldermen in their formalities, by whom they were sumptuously entertained at the expense of .£200, and were made free of the city. On the 26th they went to Kinsale, visited the fort, and reviewed Sir Matthew Bridges’ regiment of foot. On the 28th they returned to Cork, where they reviewed the royal regiment of foot, commanded by Colonel Hamilton ; and having taken a view of the harbour, were

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 307

    As the companion tells it

    The town of Duncannon sits along this road. In August, the Marquis of Winchester and the Earl of Galway, lords justices of Ireland, set out from Dublin on August 16, travelling toward Cork. They stopped first at Kilkenny, where the Duchess of Ormond entertained them. On August 18 they arrived at Waterford, met on the road by several gentlemen, and near the city by the mayor and corporation, with whom they dined. The next day they came to Duncannon and viewed the garrison and the fort. The governor, Colonel Purcell, entertained them there. After knighting John Mason, the mayor of Waterford, they proceeded to Clonmel, attended by the sheriff and several gentlemen of the county of Tipperary, and by the mayor, aldermen, and recorder of Clonmel. They reviewed several regiments at Two-milebridge, where troops were encamped. From Clonmel they proceeded to Cork. On August 23 they lay at Colonel Barry's, near Castle-Lyons, and dined the next day at Waterpark with the Lord Chief Justice Pine. On August 25 they came to Cork, met by the bishop and clergy of the diocese and several gentlemen, and received at the city gates by the mayor and aldermen, who entertained them at a cost of 200 pounds and made them free of the city.

15. MacCarthy territories across six baronies

    near Muskerry · street · Cork

    Despite FitzGerald dominance, the MacCarthys retained nearly six entire baronies: Glanarough, Iveragh, and Dunkerro in Desmond, and Carbery, Muskerry, and Duhallow in Cork. The Earl of Desmond's attainder later forfeited 574,628 acres to the Crown.

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    “No history can parallel the bloody, malicious, and tedious contests that have been between these two families, in which— though the Mac Carthys behaved themselves briskly and slew no less than two lords of the Fitz Geralds in one day, viz., the father and grandfather of Thomas Nappagh, at Callan, in Desmond, anno. 1261— yet at length the more powerful Fitz Geralds had the best of it, and imposed on Carbry a most unjust and slavish tribute called Earl’s Beeves [it was, probably, in endeavouring to enforce this tribute that Maurice Dubh was killed], which, though as I conceive not maintainable by law is yet tamely paid by the Carbrians to this day for want of unity amongst them¬ selves to join in proper methods to get legally discharged of it. However, the Mac Carthys did not dwindle to so low a degree, but that they continued seized of almost six entire baronies viz. Glanarough, Iveragh, and Dunkerro, in Desmond ; and Carbry, Muskry, and Duhallow, in Cork. But the Earl of Desmond grew so powerful that upon his attainder there were forfeited to the Crown 574>628 acres of land,

    3. Smith' s History of Cork , vol. 2, p. 35.

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 137

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere about Muskerry, the MacCarthys held ground for centuries despite the FitzGeralds' power. The rivalry between these two families was bloody and long. The MacCarthys fought well, and at Callan in Desmond in 1261 they killed two FitzGerald lords in a single day, the father and grandfather of Thomas Nappagh. But the FitzGeralds were stronger in the end, and they imposed on Carbery a tribute called Earl's Beeves, described as unjust and slavish. It was likely in trying to enforce this tribute that Maurice Dubh was killed. The tribute was still being paid, the writer says, because the people of Carbery lacked the unity to challenge it legally. Still, the MacCarthys did not fade away. They kept nearly six entire baronies: Glanarough, Iveragh, and Dunkerro in Desmond, and Carbery, Muskerry, and Duhallow in Cork. But the Earl of Desmond grew so powerful that upon his attainder there were forfeited to the Crown 574,628 acres of land.

16. Midleton Cistercian abbey of Chore

    Midleton · town · Cork · 1180

    An abbey was founded at Midleton around 1180 by the Fitzgeralds or the Barry family, supplied with Cistercian monks from the Abbey of Nenay in county Limerick. It was called the Abbey of St. Mary of Chore. Midleton was a corporate borough, disfranchised at the Union.

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    Midleton. — An abbey was founded here, a.d. i 180, by the Fitzgeralds, or, according to others, by the family of Barry. It was supplied with monks of the Cistercian Order from the Abbey ot Nenay, or Magio, in the county of Limerick, and

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 437

    As the companion tells it

    Midleton is a town the road passes through. Around 1180, an abbey was founded here by the Fitzgeralds, or according to others, by the Barry family. Cistercian monks came from the Abbey of Nenay, or Magio, in county Limerick. It was called the Abbey of St. Mary of Chore. The town was later a corporate borough, disfranchised at the Union.

17. Old Head of Kinsale sea tunnels

    near Old Head of Kinsale · promontory · Cork

    The Old Head of Kinsale has been tunnelled through by ocean waves, creating a recess on its eastern side known as Holeopen Bay. This demonstrates the eroding force of the sea on exposed headlands.

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    ridges, as fast as the limestone of the valley was lowered by the atmosphere. The river Lee affords a similar instance. Instead of following the limestone valley on to Castlemartyr, etc., it leaves that valley at Passage and cuts across two sand¬ stone ridges to reach the open sea. There are some other, though less striking, cases, all of which are capable of the same explanation, which depends upon the principle tha*t the shapes of the ground in this district have been chiefly wrought by the atmosphere. To this we may add that the present work of the sea on the coast of Cork is quite different from anything to be seen inland. A careful consideration of the conformation of a mountain district, such as that of west Cork, seems to lead unavoidably to thq conclusion that its shapes have not been . wrought by the sea. Even the bays of the present coast have not been formed by that agent ; they are the submerged lower ends of pre-existing valleys which run some distance inland. The sea, by its more powerful action on the exposed headlands, is escarping them into precipices, i.e., wearing them away, leaving the inner parts of the bays but slightly affected, in comparison ; it is, therefore, tending to obliterate the bays. How could the ocean waves, by their own violence, work out a recess which shall be sheltered from that violence ? How could a “ Statio bene jida cannis ” result from the destructive action of the sea itself \ We are not slighting the tremendous force of the Atlantic waves on this coast, but only pointing out that they have their own peculiar work, which seems to be escarping higher ground into precipices and eroding lower ground into creeks, cooses, and channels. In some instances the effects of sea action, even within the historical period, are made very evident ; as in the case of Duneen Ca3tle, near Rosscarbery, half of which, with the rock on which it stood, has been, in course of time, swept away; a similar case is presented by Dunanore Castle, on Cape Clear Island. The narrow far-projecting Old Head of Kinsale has been tunnelled through by the waves, in one place : whence the recess on the eastern side of it is called Holeopen Bay. There are many fine caves on the coast which have been worked out by the sea ; as, for instance, near Rosscarbery. Some of them have puffing holes opening up to the surface of the ground above, through which the waves send jets of spray to a great height, after the manner of Mac Swine’s Gun, in Donegal. There is one of these on the east side of the south entrance of Baltimore harbour, called Hell Hole. There are some great sea caves

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 362

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere about Old Head of Kinsale, the sea has done something you can still see. The narrow headland projects far out, and the waves have tunnelled straight through it in one place. That tunnel gave its name to the recess on the eastern side, Holeopen Bay. The passage argues that the shapes of west Cork were not wrought by the sea. The bays along the present coast are the submerged lower ends of pre-existing valleys that run some distance inland. The sea's work is different. By its more powerful action on the exposed headlands, it escarps them into precipices, wearing them away, while the inner parts of the bays are left but slightly affected. The sea is therefore tending to obliterate the bays. The question is asked: how could the ocean waves, by their own violence, work out a recess sheltered from that violence? The answer is that waves have their own peculiar work, escarping higher ground into precipices and eroding lower ground into creeks, cooses, and channels. The Old Head of Kinsale is not the only place where sea action is evident within the historical period. Duneen Castle, near Rosscarbery, has lost half its structure and the rock it stood on, swept away over time. Dunanore Castle, on Cape Clear Island, presents a similar case. There are many fine caves worked out by the sea along the coast, some with puffing holes opening to the surface above, through which waves send jets of spray to great height.

18. Ornamental marble deposits across County Cork

    near Little Island · townland · Cork

    Marble of various colours and qualities is found at numerous locations across County Cork, including Churchtown, Doneraile, Mitchelstown, Castle Hyde, Ballyclough, Cork, Little Island, Midleton, Castlemartyr, Carrigaline, and Kilcrea. Each locality produced marble with distinctive colouring and polishing properties.

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    Among the useful products the first, of course, is the lime obtained by calcining the limestone ; this is generally of good quality. When the limestone is properly marked and coloured it forms ornamental marbles. There is marble near Churchtown and Doneraile (in the northern part of the county), black ; near Mitchelstown, well marked and taking a good polish ; at Castle Hyde, variously shaded, with fossils ; near Ballyclough, black, red, and variegated, these two last-men¬ tioned places being near Fermoy ; near Cork, black, white, mottled white, light grey, or dove coloured more or less mottled, capable of a good polish ; on Little Island ; near Midleton, reddish and variegated ; near Castle Martyr, grey ; near Carrigaline, grey ; in the line from Cork to Ballincollig, along which runs a narrow seam of reddish marble, once much used; near Kilcrea, and elsewhere. Ochre is obtained in this formation in the N.W. neighbourhood of Fermoy and near Buttevant. Some mineral waters rise though the rocks of this formation ; as chalybeates, near Castlemartyr, and else¬ where, and the thermal springs about Mallow. The tempera¬ ture of The Spa, there, varies from 67° to 7i|° F., which maximum it reaches in November.

    Before passing to the succeeding formation we must mention, very briefly, an important controversy connected with the Carboniferous Slate. We have purposely avoided the name Devonian, which is sometimes used for the O.R.S., and some¬ times applied only to that part of it which is displayed, or generally supposed to be displayed, in Devonshire. The name is not only, for certain reasons, somewhat undesirable in itself, but in the present state of affairs it seems fraught with special inconvenience when considering the geology of Cork. Mr. Jukes wrote in 1853 (Popular Physical Geology)'. — “It is not unlikely that it is to the south of Ireland we, must look for the ultimate complete arrangement and harmonizing of

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 349

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere around here, close to Little Island, limestone yields one of Cork's most useful materials. Burn it and you get lime, generally of good quality. But when the limestone is properly marked and coloured, it forms ornamental marble, and County Cork is rich in it. The marble changes character from place to place. Near Churchtown and Doneraile, in the northern part of the county, it is black. Near Mitchelstown it is well marked and takes a good polish. At Castle Hyde it is variously shaded and carries fossils. Near Ballyclough it comes black, red, and variegated, and both Castle Hyde and Ballyclough lie near Fermoy. Near Cork itself the marble is black, white, mottled white, light grey, or dove coloured more or less mottled, and it is capable of a good polish. On Little Island the marble is noted too, though the source does not describe its colour. Near Midleton it is reddish and variegated. Near Castle Martyr it is grey, and near Carrigaline it is grey as well. Along the line from Cork to Ballincollig runs a narrow seam of reddish marble, once much used. Marble is also found near Kilcrea, and elsewhere across the county. The same formation yields ochre in the north-west neighbourhood of Fermoy and near Buttevant, and some mineral waters rise through these rocks, including chalybeates near Castlemartyr and the thermal springs about Mallow, where the temperature of the Spa varies from 67 to 71 degrees Fahrenheit, reaching its maximum in November.

19. Ralahine in County Clare noted for ill-scented rain

    Ralahine · street · Dublin · 1681

    Dinley recorded that during his twelve months in Ireland he observed the inconstancy of the air and sometimes a very ill scent attending a great rain. He specifically noted this phenomenon at Ralahine in County Clare, stating the west of Ireland was particularly subject to it.

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    “ The air is temperate, certain it is that cold reignes here more than heat, being a northern country, and because of the reines and windes, which are here ordinary and very frequent, it is not so clear as in England, wherefore apter for the growth of gras than ye ripening corne. I remark’d for the twelvemonth I passed there the inconstancy of the air to be so great, that ye seasons seem’d to be in a perpetuall confusion ; and sometimes a very ill scent to attend a great raine, as I observ’d particularly at Rallahine, in ye county of Clare, the West of Ireland being very subject to it. As the heat is not very great here, so the cold is soon dispersed.

    “ The countrey beares good corne of all sorts, in particular the county of Limerick. It is admirable for game of all sorts ; besides, the rocks and mountains have great number of rabbits, and a stagg runs not above seven miles out right. The chase of the fox is not so violent nor long as in England : it seldomes goes two miles out right also. The rivers, pools call’d loughs,

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 268

    As the companion tells it

    This is Ralahine in County Clare. In 1681, a traveller named Dinley spent twelve months in Ireland and recorded what he observed of the air and weather. He wrote that the air was temperate, with cold reigning more than heat, and that the rains and winds were ordinary and very frequent. He remarked on the inconstancy of the air, saying the seasons seemed to be in a perpetual confusion. Sometimes, he noted, a very ill scent attended a great rain. He observed this particularly at Ralahine in the county of Clare, and said the west of Ireland was very subject to it. The heat was not very great, but the cold was soon dispersed. He also wrote that the country bore good corn of all sorts, the county of Limerick in particular, and that it was admirable for game of all sorts. The rocks and mountains had great numbers of rabbits, and a stag ran not above seven miles outright. The chase of the fox was not so violent nor long as in England, seldom going two miles outright.

20. Red Abbey bridge opened in Cork (1764)

    Cork · city · Cork · 1764

    The Red Abbey bridge was opened for passengers on 22 September 1764, the anniversary of the coronation. Troops on duty marched to the bridge and fired three volleys in honour of the day. The bridge provided a short passage from the South Mall to Cove-lane.

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    “September 22, 1764.— The wooden centre at the Red Abbey bridge being finished, it was opened for passengers ; and the same day being tfie anniversity of their majesties coronation, the troops on duty here marched hither and fired three volleys in honour of the day. This bridge opened a short passage from the South Mall to Cove-lane.

    September 29. — An act was passed this year for re-building the bridge over the Blackwater, at Cappoquin, towards defray¬ ing the expenses of which, the lord lieutenant and council were empowered to raise any sum not exceeding /6000, out of the counties of Waterford, Cork, Kerry, and Tipperary, and the counties of the cities of Waterford and Coik.

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 318

    As the companion tells it

    Cork holds the site of the old Red Abbey bridge. On 22 September 1764, the wooden centre of the bridge being finished, it was opened for passengers. The same day was the anniversary of their majesties' coronation, so the troops on duty here marched to the bridge and fired three volleys in honour of the day. The bridge opened a short passage from the South Mall to Cove-lane.

21. Religious Demography of Skull Parish

    Skull · town · Cork

    In the parish of Skull there were about four Protestant families and approximately four hundred Papist families. The Protestant parish lacked a glebe, registry book, Bible, or Common Prayer book.

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    from Bantry, by the sea-side, are the ruins of an abbey which belonged to the Franciscans. I don’t hear that there were any other religious houses besides this in the baronies of Beer and Bantry. Humphrey Sullivan is Popish priest of this parish, and of Kilcroghan ; he has been here about twelve years. All the inhabitants are Papists. No Papists are allowed to live within the walls of Bandon. The Earl of Cork, in his leases, has obliged all the tenants not to admit Papists. In the parish of Skull there are about four Protestant families, and about four hundred Papist families. Daniel Carthy is Popish priest of the eastern part of this parish ; he has been here ever since before the late troubles. No glebe in this parish, no registry - book, nor Bible, nor Common Prayer-book. In Kilmoe there are the ruins of a chapel at the west-end of the town dedicated to St. Mullagh. The church of Kilmoe is dedicated to St. Briana, alias Brandon, whese festival is observed. In this parish there are about nine Protestant families, and two hundred Papist. Teige Coghlan is Popish priest of Kilmoe, and of the western part of Skull. He has been here about eight years. A young Irishman, a Papist, teaches school about the middle of the parish. In all the O’Sullivan’s country they observe as a holiday St. Rooane’s Day. At Kinneigh a high round tower stands in the south-west corner of the churchyard. ’Tis sup¬ posed this church was formerly a cathedral. A stone is in the south-west corner of the church of Kinneigh counted very sacred, which the Irish solemnly swear upon. The church is accounted by the Irish very sacred. There is a tradition that formerly in this churchyard there was a well that had great medicinal virtues, and that the concourse of people being very chargeable to the inhabitants, they stopped it up.

    Yet the Catholic had to support both their own clergy and and the Protestant ministers — an injustice of the very gravest kind, and this not only in a general way, but as the Cork Grand Jury presentments show, fees were exacted from the Catholics for every domestic occurrence.4

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 313

    As the companion tells it

    As the road brings you through Skull in Cork, the parish tells its own religious balance. In the parish of Skull there were about four Protestant families and about four hundred Papist families. Daniel Carthy was the Popish priest of the eastern part of this parish. He had been there ever since before the late troubles. Teige Coghlan was the Popish priest of Kilmoe and of the western part of Skull. He had been there about eight years. The Protestant parish had no glebe. There was no registry book, no Bible, and no Common Prayer book. The Catholic inhabitants had to support both their own clergy and the Protestant ministers. The Cork Grand Jury presentments show that fees were exacted from the Catholics for every domestic occurrence.

22. Scriptoriums at Cork, Cloyne, and Ross

    Cork · city · Cork

    The author states that the monastic settlements at Cork, Cloyne, and Ross each had scriptoriums where monks devoted themselves to the careful copying and reproduction of the Holy Scriptures and other works of civilization, to a standard of perfection scarcely attainable in the present day.

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    The devotion of Irish monks to the preservation and re¬ duplication of the Holy Scriptures, and every work known at the time that could benefit civilization, is too well known to need more than a passing observation. No doubt Cork, Cloyne, and Ross had their scriptoriums, where such works were carried out to a degree of perfection scarcely attainable even in the present day.

    While one monk laboured for the diffusion of literature with the pen or the pencil, another toiled in the field or the morass, fulfilling the Divine precept of labouring for the general good. At certain horns of the day and night they lifted up pure hands and hearts to Heaven, praying for the spiritual good of those for whose temporal good they spent

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 89

    As the companion tells it

    As you travel through Cork, this is a city whose monastic settlements once kept scriptoriums alongside those at Cloyne and Ross. Monks here devoted themselves to copying and reproducing the Holy Scriptures and every work known at the time that could benefit civilization. They carried this work to a degree of perfection scarcely attainable even in the present day. While one monk laboured for the diffusion of literature with the pen or the pencil, another toiled in the field or the morass, fulfilling the Divine precept of labouring for the general good. At certain hours of the day and night they lifted up pure hands and hearts to Heaven, praying for the spiritual good of those for whose temporal good they spent their labour.

23. Sea caves with puffing holes near Rosscarbery

    Ross Carbery · town · Cork

    Fine sea caves near Rosscarbery have been carved out by the sea, some with puffing holes opening to the surface above, through which waves send jets of spray high into the air.

    Read the passage

    Read off the scanned page by machine, so a word here and there is misread. Kept as the reading produced it, not corrected.

    ridges, as fast as the limestone of the valley was lowered by the atmosphere. The river Lee affords a similar instance. Instead of following the limestone valley on to Castlemartyr, etc., it leaves that valley at Passage and cuts across two sand¬ stone ridges to reach the open sea. There are some other, though less striking, cases, all of which are capable of the same explanation, which depends upon the principle tha*t the shapes of the ground in this district have been chiefly wrought by the atmosphere. To this we may add that the present work of the sea on the coast of Cork is quite different from anything to be seen inland. A careful consideration of the conformation of a mountain district, such as that of west Cork, seems to lead unavoidably to thq conclusion that its shapes have not been . wrought by the sea. Even the bays of the present coast have not been formed by that agent ; they are the submerged lower ends of pre-existing valleys which run some distance inland. The sea, by its more powerful action on the exposed headlands, is escarping them into precipices, i.e., wearing them away, leaving the inner parts of the bays but slightly affected, in comparison ; it is, therefore, tending to obliterate the bays. How could the ocean waves, by their own violence, work out a recess which shall be sheltered from that violence ? How could a “ Statio bene jida cannis ” result from the destructive action of the sea itself \ We are not slighting the tremendous force of the Atlantic waves on this coast, but only pointing out that they have their own peculiar work, which seems to be escarping higher ground into precipices and eroding lower ground into creeks, cooses, and channels. In some instances the effects of sea action, even within the historical period, are made very evident ; as in the case of Duneen Ca3tle, near Rosscarbery, half of which, with the rock on which it stood, has been, in course of time, swept away; a similar case is presented by Dunanore Castle, on Cape Clear Island. The narrow far-projecting Old Head of Kinsale has been tunnelled through by the waves, in one place : whence the recess on the eastern side of it is called Holeopen Bay. There are many fine caves on the coast which have been worked out by the sea ; as, for instance, near Rosscarbery. Some of them have puffing holes opening up to the surface of the ground above, through which the waves send jets of spray to a great height, after the manner of Mac Swine’s Gun, in Donegal. There is one of these on the east side of the south entrance of Baltimore harbour, called Hell Hole. There are some great sea caves

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 362

    As the companion tells it

    Ross Carbery in Cork sits near a coast where the sea has done remarkable work. The bays along this coast are not carved by the ocean. They are the drowned lower ends of old valleys that run inland. What the sea does instead is attack the exposed headlands, wearing them into precipices and eroding lower ground into creeks, channels, and caves. The force of the Atlantic here is tremendous, but it has its own particular task. It escarpes the higher ground and cuts into the lower. The effects can be seen even within the historical period. Duneen Castle, near Rosscarbery, once stood on rock above the sea. Over time, half the castle and the rock beneath it were swept away. Dunanore Castle, on Cape Clear Island, tells a similar story. The Old Head of Kinsale, narrow and far-projecting, has been tunnelled right through by the waves in one place. The recess on its eastern side is called Holeopen Bay. There are fine sea caves along this coast, worked out by the sea, including near Rosscarbery. Some of these caves have puffing holes opening up to the surface of the ground above. The waves send jets of spray to a great height through these openings. The book compares this to Mac Swine's Gun in Donegal. One such cave lies on the east side of the south entrance of Baltimore harbour, called Hell Hole. These caves show what the Atlantic can do, given time and rock to work on.

24. St. Fachtna, patron of Ross and Kilfenora

    Kilfenora · town · Clare

    St. Fachtna of Ross is identified with St. Fachtna, patron of the diocese of Kilfenora, with the festival kept on the 14th of August in both places. The same tribe ruled in both territories. He was called 'the hairy' because his head was covered with hair at birth.

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    St. Fachtna of Ross is believed to be the same as St. Fachtna, patron of the diocese of Kilfenora. The festival is kept in both places on the 14th of August, and the same tribe ruled in both territories. St. Fachtna is thus commemorated in the Felire of St. Angus : —

    “ With the calling of Fortunatus Over the expansive seamf ships,

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 84

    As the companion tells it

    As you pass through Ross Carbery, this is the place of St. Fachtna, who founded the early Christian church here. He is believed to be the same Fachtna who is patron of Kilfenora, since both kept his festival on the 14th of August and both were ruled by the same tribe. St. Ita advised him to seek healing when his sight was damaged.

25. St. Mary's Abbey, Dublin, granted to Earl of Desmond

    Dublin · city · Dublin · 1543

    In July 1543, the Lord Deputy St. Leger was authorized to grant the Earl of Desmond a house and land near Dublin for keeping his horses and train when attending parliament or council. For this purpose St. Mary's Abbey was bestowed upon him.

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    The new earl was received with great condescension by the English king, who was anxious to keep peace in Ireland until his continental affairs were more settled. Desmond was made Lord High Treasurer of Ireland, which office he held to the end of the reign of Queen Mary ; and in July, 1 543, the Lord Deputy, St. Leger, was authorized to make him a grant, by patent, of a house and parcel of land near Dublin, for the keeping of his horses and train when he attended the parlia¬ ment or council, and for this purpose St. Mary’s Abbey was bestowed upon him. In 1550 a great court was held in Limerick, to which O’Carroll repaired, under the safe pro¬ tection of the earl, the mayor of Limerick, and the English and Irish who were present at that court. He was commis¬ sioned to continue the parliament, November 1, 1557, but he died the following year at Askeaton. He was succeeded by Gerald, his eldest son by his second wife. The true heir vainly attempted to assert his rights, but although he had the assistance of the Lord Kerry and others, might triumphed over right, and Earl Gerald sat as Lord of Desmond in a parliament held in Dublin, a.d. 1 5 59.1

    1. The exact amount of the tribute imposed upon Mac Carthy More by the Earl of Desmond has not been ascertained. Dr. O’Donovan quotes the following from the author of Carbritz Notitia, who wrote in 1686 : —

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 136

    As the companion tells it

    Dublin is where St. Mary's Abbey once stood, a religious house given over to a very different purpose in 1543. The new Earl of Desmond had been received with great condescension by the English king, who was anxious to keep peace in Ireland until his continental affairs were more settled. Desmond was made Lord High Treasurer of Ireland, an office he held to the end of the reign of Queen Mary. Then in July 1543, the Lord Deputy St. Leger was authorized to make him a grant, by patent, of a house and a parcel of land near Dublin, for the keeping of his horses and train when he attended the parliament or council. For this purpose St. Mary's Abbey was bestowed upon him. In 1550 a great court was held in Limerick, to which O'Carroll repaired under the safe protection of the earl, the mayor of Limerick, and the English and Irish who were present at that court. Desmond was commissioned to continue the parliament on November 1, 1557, but he died the following year at Askeaton. He was succeeded by Gerald, his eldest son by his second wife. The true heir vainly attempted to assert his rights. He had the assistance of the Lord Kerry and others, but might triumphed over right, and Earl Gerald sat as Lord of Desmond in a parliament held in Dublin.

26. Sunday's Well name derivation in Cork

    near Sunday's Well · population centre · Cork

    Sunday's Well derives from the Irish Fobar-nigh-an-Domhnaigh, meaning 'the well of the king of Sunday,' i.e., of God. Holy wells being more frequently visited on Sundays made the name peculiarly appropriate.

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    Sunday’s Well. — The most curious and interesting deri¬ vation of this name is not generally known. It is the English rendering of Fobar-nigh-an-Domhnaigh — the well of the king of Sunday, i.e., of God. Holy wells being more frequently visited on Sundays, this name is pecularly appropriate.

    Tullylease. — The antiquarian remains of this place are of great interest.

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 444

    As the companion tells it

    Sunday's Well takes its name from the Irish Fobar-nigh-an-Domhnaigh, meaning the well of the king of Sunday, that is, of God. Holy wells were more often visited on Sundays, which made the name fitting. The derivation is not widely known.

27. Timoleague Franciscan monastery site

    Timoleague · town · Cork

    Timoleague is the site of a famous Franciscan monastery, whose name comes from Teach Malaga, or Molaga's house, after St. Molaga. The monastery was founded by the Mac Carthys, great patrons of the Franciscan order in the south of Ireland.

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    Timoleague, the site of a famous Franciscan monastery. It is called Teach Malaga, or Molaga’s house, from St. Molaga ; but there is no record of his connection with this locality.

    He is the patron saint of Templemolaga, near Mitchelstown. The ruins are on the banks of the Funcheon. The Franciscan monastery was founded by the Mac Carthys, who were the great patron of that order in the South.

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 445

    As the companion tells it

    You're coming through Timoleague, in Cork, the site of a famous Franciscan monastery. The name comes from Teach Malaga, meaning Molaga's house, after St. Molaga, though there's no record of his connection with this place. The monastery was founded by the Mac Carthys, who were great patrons of the Franciscan order in the south of Ireland.

28. Cork as English headquarters in Munster

    Cork · city · Cork · 1531

    Cork served as the headquarters of the English in Munster, where some social order was maintained for their own commercial interests. Cork merchants enjoyed a comparatively good time and were able to conduct trade despite the broader system of plunder across Ireland.

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    As Cork was the head quarters of the English in Munster, they were obliged, for their own interest, to keep some sort of

    2. These Irish harps were silver, value twelve pence in Ireland and nine pence in England. Thus adding a further extortion of twenty-five per cent, on poor Ireland.

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 263

    As the companion tells it

    Cork was the headquarters of the English in Munster. They kept some sort of order here, for their own interest. Irish harps of silver were valued at twelve pence in Ireland and nine pence in England, adding what the record calls a further extortion of 25 per cent on poor Ireland.

29. Glacial scorings at Inchigeelagh lakes run west to east

    Inchigeelagh · townland · Cork

    At the lakes of Inchigeelagh, glacial scorings run west to east, still pointing backwards to the centre of ice dispersion in Kerry. This direction is consistent with the general pattern of ice movement across the Cork landscape.

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    that observed on the promontory northward of Bantry Bay, and evidently to be explained in a similar manner. It is interesting to find that, at the lakes of Inchigeelagh, the scorings run west to east, still pointing backwards to the centre of dis¬ persion. Some limestone, lately stripped of its covering of clay, etc., about a mile west of the city of Cork, was found by Professor Harkness to be beautifully glaciated about west to east. It is probable that in that neighbourhood the normal direction was towards south of east, and that the ice, being there in the bottom of a well-defined valley running in a direction not differing much from its would-be course, has been somewhat deflected thereby. Blocks of Misliells greenstone (already mentioned, near Bantry, see map) have been carried southerly and easterly towards Innishannon, etc.

    We have no information, and therefore no direct knowledge, concerning the glaciation of east Cork ; this, however, is pretty certain that it was not swept by ice from Kerry, but from Limerick, though not starting therefrom. We shall not now go into the evidence for this, which is chiefly to be obtained outside of this county ; we shall only mention what appears within north Cork, though it is hardly sufficient by itself to prove the point. But this requires that another effect of the great ice flows be mentioned first.

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 365

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere close to Inchigeelagh, the lakes hold a record cut into stone. The glacial scorings here run west to east, and they still point backwards toward the centre of dispersion in Kerry. That direction fits with the wider pattern across Cork. The ice moved this way across the land, and the rock still carries the marks. Professor Harkness found something similar about a mile west of the city of Cork. Limestone there, lately stripped of its covering of clay, was beautifully glaciated, also running west to east. In that neighbourhood the normal direction was probably toward south of east. The ice, travelling along the bottom of a well-defined valley, was somewhat deflected by the valley itself. The scorings at Inchigeelagh are part of the same story. Blocks of greenstone from near Bantry were carried southerly and easterly toward Innishannon. East Cork was not swept by ice from Kerry but from Limerick, though the evidence for that lies largely outside the county. What the marks at the lakes tell you is simpler: the ice came from the west, and it left its signature running east.

30. Two Jephson castles taken at Mallow

    Mallow · town · Cork · 1641–1642

    Two castles in Mallow, then the property of the Jephsons who were on the rebel side, were taken by the loyalists during the 1641 rising. The owner of one castle later claimed losses amounting to £2,274.

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    There were two castles in Mallow, then the property of the Jephsons, who were on the rebel side, and both of these were taken by the loyalists. When “compensation” came to be

    1

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 290

    As the companion tells it

    Mallow had two castles, both belonging to the Jephsons. The Jephsons were on the rebel side in the 1641 rising, and loyalist forces took both castles. When "compensation" came to be assessed, the owner of one castle claimed losses of £2,274.

31. Abbots and bishops of Rossailithir (9th–12th c.)

    Ross Carbery · town · Cork · 824–1127

    The annals record a succession of abbots, scribes, and bishops of Rossailithir from the 9th to the 12th centuries, including the deaths of Conmhach (824), Fearghus the Scribe (866), Dubhdabraine (921), and Bishop Neachtain Mac Neachtain (1085). These entries attest to the enduring importance of the monastic settlement.

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    “A.D. 824 (i.e., 825 ), the repose of Conmhach, son of Saerghus, Abbot of Eossailithir.

    “A.D. 839, the death of Airmeadhaeh, Abbot of Eoss¬ ailithir.

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 85

    As the companion tells it

    Ross Carbery was a monastic settlement called Rossailithir. The annals record the repose of Conmhach, son of Saerghus, abbot here, in 824. In 839, Airmeadhaech, another abbot of Rossailithir, died.

32. Bishops of Ross: succession from 1530 to 1561

    near Ross · parish · Cork · 1530–1561

    The See of Ross saw a succession of bishops in the sixteenth century, including Herphardus (promoted 1530), Dermit M'Domnuil (appointed c. 1514, died 1553), Maurice O'Fihely (appointed 1554, died 1559), Dr. O'Hea, and Thomas O'Herlihy (appointed December 1561). The Consistorial records confirm the See as 'Ecclesiæ Rossensis in Hibernia.'

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    than the mere names. Herrera tells us that an Augustinian friar, by name Herphardus, was promoted to an Irish See in the Consistory of 21st February, 1530. By an error of the Consistorial copyist, that See is styled Sodoreusis in Hibernia. Elsius, and some modern writers, supposed the true reading to be Ossoriensis, but this arbitrary substitution is irreconcible with the history of the See of Ossory ; and it seems much more probable that the true reading of the Consistorial record

    would be Sedes Rossensis in Hibernia.

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 164

    As the companion tells it

    As you pass through Ross, the records mention an Augustinian friar called Herphardus, promoted to this Irish See in the Consistory of 21 February 1530. The consistorial copyist styled the See "Sodoreusis in Hibernia" by error. Later writers guessed it should read Ossoriensis, but that does not fit the history of Ossory, so the true reading is more likely "Sedes Rossensis in Hibernia."

33. Castles of Dunkerron and Cappanacush near Kenmare river

    Dunkerron · townland · Kerry · 1215

    The castles of Dun Cearain (Dunkerron) and Ceapa na Coise (Cappanacusha), near the Kenmare river in Kerry, were erected by Carew during the English castle-building period.

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    The castles of Dun Cearain (Dunkerron) and Ceapa na Coise (Cappanacusha), near the Kenmare river, in Kerry, by Carew.

    The castle of Dunloe, in Kerry, by Maurice, son of Thomas Fitzgerald.

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 117

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere close to Dunkerron, two castles once stood near the Kenmare river. These were Dun Cearain, known as Dunkerron, and Ceapa na Coise, known as Cappanacusha. A man named Carew built them both, around 1215, part of the English castle-building in Kerry.

34. Castles of Timoleague and Dundeady erected by de Barry

    Timoleague · town · Cork · 1215

    The castles of Timoleague and Dundeady were erected by Nicholas Boy de Barry during the English castle-building period following internal MacCarthy conflict.

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    The castles of Timoleague and Dundeady were erected by Nicholas Boy de Barry.8

    On the death of O’Conor, archbishop of Armagh, three Englishmen claimed the office ; Eugene, an Irish ecclesiastic, was, however, validly elected.

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 118

    As the companion tells it

    As you come through Timoleague in Cork, this was where Nicholas Boy de Barry erected the castle, around 1215. He also built the castle at Dundeady. Both went up during a period of English castle-building that followed internal conflict among the MacCarthys.

35. Chalk flints at Youghal Bay and Ballycotton Bay

    Youghal · town · Cork

    Chalk flints from Antrim have been found on the east side of Youghal Bay, both on the shore and in the cliffs of drift, and also in Ballycotton Bay. They were likely transported by floating ice during the period of submergence.

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    just north of Cork, near New Glanmire, near Midleton, and beyond Ballinacurra, near Castlemartyr, near Youghal, and m man3' other places. These gravels often contain an ad¬ mixture of far transported materials, such as we do not find in the boulder clay, fragments of sea shells, oysters, etc., have 066H found in tins drift m this county by Mr. F. M. Jennino’s and by Mr. A. B. Wynne. In other parts of Ireland a con¬ siderable number of marine shells have been obtained in this formation. Mr. Du Noyer found gravel and sand at the height of 2,050 feet on Mullaghanish. Mountain, nine miles N.AV. by W. of Maeroom, giving evidence of the great depth of the submergence in the sea (there is evidence of a similar subsidence in north Wales). In some places, but not yet in Ireland, Arctic shells have been found in these gravels. It seems to have been chiefly during the latter part of this sub¬ mergence that the far- transported boulders were carried about, these are often found lying on mounds of gravel and sand; which circumstances proves that they were left there after the submergence had begun, and also that they must have been borne thither by floating ice. Any rush of water strong enough to leave, often very large, blocks on a mound of gravel, would have swept away the gravel before moving the block. A great many blocks of Galway granite have been found in many parts of this county, as far south as four miles north of Carrigtohill, near Midleton. Chalk flints may be found on the east side of Youghal Bay, not only on the shore but in the cliffs of drift, also in Ballycotton Bay. They have been found also on the shore of Inisherkin and Inishodriscol and the N.E. part of Roaring Water Bay. Mr. Wyley, who found them there, thought they might possibly have been brought by vessels in ballast. The nearest chalk with flints that we know of is in Antrim, in N.E. Ireland.

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 367

    As the companion tells it

    Youghal sits on the coast of Cork, and the bay beside it holds a trace of something far away. Chalk flints can be found on the east side of Youghal Bay, not only on the shore but in the cliffs of drift. They appear in Ballycotton Bay as well. The nearest chalk with flints lies far to the north, in Antrim. These flints were carried here by floating ice. During a period when the land lay submerged beneath the sea, ice carried boulders and debris across great distances. The far-transported blocks often rest on mounds of gravel and sand, which shows they were left after the submergence had begun. Any rush of water strong enough to drop large blocks on a gravel mound would have swept the gravel away first. So the ice must have floated them there. Gravels in this county often contain far-transported materials not found in the boulder clay. Fragments of sea shells and oysters have been found in this drift by Mr. F. M. Jennings and by Mr. A. B. Wynne. Mr. Du Noyer found gravel and sand at a height of 2,050 feet on Mullaghanish Mountain, nine miles northwest of Macroom, giving evidence of the great depth of the submergence. A great many blocks of Galway granite have been found in parts of this county, as far south as four miles north of Carrigtohill, near Midleton. Chalk flints have also been found on the shore of Inisherkin and Inishodriscol and the northeast part of Roaring Water Bay. Mr. Wyley, who found them there, thought they might have been brought by vessels in ballast. But the ice and the depth of the submergence tell a different story about how these stones travelled so far from Antrim.

36. Cork, Youghal and Kinsale receive new charters

    Cork · city · Cork · 1606–1607

    Cork, Youghal, Kinsale, and several other Munster towns obtained new charters from King James I with further augmentation of their privileges.

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    ££ Cork, Youghal, and, Kinsale, with several other towns in Munster, obtained new charters from his Majesty, with a further augmentation of their privileges. The bishop’s epis¬ copal palace in Cork was re-edified by Bishop Lyon, and cost him ,£4,000.

    1610. ££ The customs of Ireland were now very small in the

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 278

    As the companion tells it

    The road brings you near Cork. In 1606 and 1607, Cork, Youghal, and Kinsale, with several other towns in Munster, obtained new charters from King James I, with a further augmentation of their privileges. Around the same time, the bishop's episcopal palace in Cork was re-edified by Bishop Lyon, and cost him £4,000.

37. Country people's loyalty to troops at Bantry

    Bantry · town · Cork · 1796–1797

    During the French invasion crisis the country people around Bantry displayed great loyalty, receiving the troops who marched there in the kindest manner and sharing their provisions with them. The Cork Legion and Volunteers mounted guards in Cork city during the regular troops' absence.

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    , “ On the 2nd of January there were thirteen ships at anchor across the mouth of the bay from Beer Island to Sheep Head, of which two were line-of-battle ships, six other ships lay south-west of the island of Whiddy, and one a league from Bantry. At about two o’clock in the day a brig having worked up the bay from the principal fleet, made a signal to those ships, which was returned by a shot from one of them. They then set fire to a prize which they had taken, and five of them weighed anchor, and sailed down the bay, leaving the ships of the line behind them, which appeared to be disabled. On the 3rd none of the ships were visible, except these last mentioned vessels. Previous to their leaving the bay a council of war was held, and the troops had decided for landing, under the guidance of some Irishmen, who were with them, but La Fraternite, the admiral’s ship, being still missing, and General Hoche being on board, they resolved to put to sea. On the 1 5th Paris papers were received, which announced the total failure of this expedition. The greatest loyalty was exhibited by the country people on this occasion. They received the troops who marched to Bantry in the kindest manner, sharing their provisions with them. In their absence the loyal Cork Legion and Cork Volunteers mounted their different guards in the city of Cork.”

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 324

    As the companion tells it

    As you come through Bantry, the town sits on the bay where a French fleet once anchored. On the 2nd of January, thirteen ships lay across the mouth of the bay from Beer Island to Sheep Head. Two were line-of-battle ships. Six more lay south-west of Whiddy island, and one a league from the town itself. Around two in the afternoon a brig worked up from the main fleet and made a signal. One of the ships answered with a shot. They set fire to a prize they had taken, and five ships weighed anchor and sailed down the bay, leaving the ships of the line behind, which appeared to be disabled. By the 3rd, only those disabled vessels were still visible. Before they left, a council of war was held. The troops had decided to land, with Irishmen among them to guide the way. But the admiral's ship, La Fraternite, was still missing, and General Hoche was on board her. They resolved to put to sea instead. On the 15th, Paris papers were received announcing the total failure of the expedition. The country people around the town showed great loyalty. They received the troops who marched there in the kindest manner, sharing their provisions with them. While the regular troops were away, the Cork Legion and the Cork Volunteers mounted the different guards in the city of Cork.

38. Culm pits at Gneeves and Ballydough

    Gneeves · townland · Cork

    Several pits of culm—a laminated coal that crumbles on exposure to air—were worked near Gneeves and Ballydough, located six to eight miles east-south-east of Kanturk.

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    The principal useful product is, of course, the coal, which is of three kinds, viz. : — anthracite, sometimes containing iron pyrites ; culm, which is a laminated coal, crumbling down on exposure to the air ; and pindy, a shale which is sometimes sufficiently carbonaceous to be used as fuel. Seams of coal have been worked in different places near the Mullaghareirk hills, and at Glencollin colliery, about a mile S. of Kingwilliamstown. There are two lines of collieries beginning two or three miles S.W. of Kanturk, and running, for eight or nine miles, towards W.S.W. ; of these the Dromagh and Lisnacon collieries are the most important. Several pits of culm have been worked near Gneeves and Bally dough, six or eight miles E.S.E. of Kanturk. Iron-stone and wavellite occurs in this formation, and some spas rise therein, as near Kanturk, etc.

    We have now described all the geological formations of Cork, except the Drift ; but chronological order requires that we post¬ pone the consideration of it for the present.

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 352

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere close to Gneeves, several pits of culm were once worked. Culm is a laminated coal, one that crumbles down on exposure to the air. The pits lie near Ballydough too, six or eight miles east-south-east of Kanturk. The coal here comes in three kinds. Anthracite, which sometimes contains iron pyrites. Culm, the crumbling laminated coal. And pindy, a shale that is sometimes carbonaceous enough to be used as fuel. Seams of coal have been worked in different places near the Mullaghareirk hills, and at Glencollin colliery, about a mile south of Kingwilliamstown. Two lines of collieries begin two or three miles south-west of Kanturk, running for eight or nine miles towards west-south-west. Of these, the Dromagh and Lisnacon collieries are the most important. Iron-stone and wavellite occur in this formation, and some spas rise nearby, as near Kanturk.

39. Distorted fossils and crumpled beds at Old Head of Kinsale

    near Old Head of Kinsale · promontory · Cork

    Near the Old Head of Kinsale, distorted fossils of Posidonia Becheri were found in shales possibly belonging to the Coal Measures. The site also shows juxtaposition of crumpled and uncrumpled beds, caused by interstratification of layers with differing rigidity under tremendous compressive force.

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    Distorted fossils have been found in various places in this district, as near Cork, in the Limestone ; near Carrigaline, and near Ardmore Head, which is a little outside of our county, in Waterford, these places being in the Carboniferous Slate ; and near the Old Head of Kinsale, in shales which possibly belong to the Coal Measures. These fossils have been squeezed or compressed in the direction mentioned, and drawn out in directions at right angles thereto. Professor Haughton (Phil. Mag., 185 6), by careful measurements of the fossils, and calculations founded thereon, has ascertained the amount of their distortion, and shews that if a spherical ball had been in the place of one of them, it would have been squeezed nearly into an oblate ellipsoid of revolution, with a polar axis considerably less than half the equatorial diameter ; the proportion at Ardmore Head being 1 to 2.426, and at Carrigaline 1 to 2.144, (something like a circular barm-brack, with its upper and under sides similar4 whose thickness would be less than half its breadth). The amount of distortion at the Old Head of Kinsale is evidently similar ; but the circumstances of the misshapen fossils ( Posidonia BecheriJ prevent its being as accurately determined. We beo- leave to point out that another phenomenon, at the place last mentioned, is also the effect of violent compression, and that is the juxtaposition of crumpled and uncrumpled beds ; arising from the interstratification of beds of different degrees of rigidity and capacity of resistance, and with different consequent modes of yielding to the tremendous compressing force. As we have said, the distorted fossils have

    29—2

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 354

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere about Old Head of Kinsale, the rocks hold a record of immense force. Distorted fossils have been found here, in shales which possibly belong to the Coal Measures. The fossils are of a kind called Posidonia Becheri. They have been squeezed and compressed in one direction and drawn out at right angles to it. Professor Haughton, by careful measurements and calculations, ascertained the amount of their distortion at other sites in the district. He showed that if a spherical ball had stood in the place of one of these fossils, it would have been squeezed nearly into an oblate ellipsoid, its polar axis considerably less than half its equatorial diameter. At Ardmore Head the proportion was 1 to 2.426, and at Carrigaline 1 to 2.144, something like a circular barm-brack whose thickness would be less than half its breadth. The amount of distortion at the Old Head of Kinsale is evidently similar, but the circumstances of the misshapen fossils prevent it being as accurately determined. Another phenomenon here is also the effect of violent compression: the juxtaposition of crumpled and uncrumpled beds. This arises from the interstratification of beds of different degrees of rigidity and capacity of resistance, and with different consequent modes of yielding to the tremendous compressing force. The same kind of distorted fossils have been found near Cork in the Limestone, and near Carrigaline and Ardmore Head in the Carboniferous Slate.

40. Glacial erratics of Misheells greenstone carried toward Innishannon

    Innishannon · town · Cork

    Blocks of Misheells greenstone from near Bantry were carried southerly and easterly towards Innishannon by the glacial ice. This transportation of material agrees in direction with the rock-scorings observed across the region.

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    that observed on the promontory northward of Bantry Bay, and evidently to be explained in a similar manner. It is interesting to find that, at the lakes of Inchigeelagh, the scorings run west to east, still pointing backwards to the centre of dis¬ persion. Some limestone, lately stripped of its covering of clay, etc., about a mile west of the city of Cork, was found by Professor Harkness to be beautifully glaciated about west to east. It is probable that in that neighbourhood the normal direction was towards south of east, and that the ice, being there in the bottom of a well-defined valley running in a direction not differing much from its would-be course, has been somewhat deflected thereby. Blocks of Misliells greenstone (already mentioned, near Bantry, see map) have been carried southerly and easterly towards Innishannon, etc.

    We have no information, and therefore no direct knowledge, concerning the glaciation of east Cork ; this, however, is pretty certain that it was not swept by ice from Kerry, but from Limerick, though not starting therefrom. We shall not now go into the evidence for this, which is chiefly to be obtained outside of this county ; we shall only mention what appears within north Cork, though it is hardly sufficient by itself to prove the point. But this requires that another effect of the great ice flows be mentioned first.

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 365

    As the companion tells it

    Innishannon sits along the road, and the ground here carries evidence of the great ice that once moved across this country. Blocks of greenstone from near Bantry, a rock already mentioned as Misheells greenstone, were carried southerly and easterly towards this place by glacial ice. Their direction of travel agrees with the rock-scorings observed across the region. Those scorings tell their own story. At the lakes of Inchigeelagh, they run west to east, pointing backwards to the centre of dispersion. About a mile west of the city of Cork, limestone lately stripped of its covering of clay was found by Professor Harkness to be beautifully glaciated, again west to east. The probable normal direction in that neighbourhood was towards south of east, and the ice, being there in the bottom of a well-defined valley running in a direction not differing much from its would-be course, may have been somewhat deflected by it. As for east Cork, there is no direct knowledge of its glaciation. What seems certain is that it was not swept by ice from Kerry, but from Limerick, though not starting therefrom. The evidence for this lies chiefly outside the county.

41. Glacial scoring near Glengariff

    Glengarriff · townland · Cork

    The rocks near Glengariff show clear signs of glaciation from an agent originating outside Cork in Kerry, rather than from local hills. Tourists often mistakenly attribute this scoring to a local Glengariff glacier.

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    The traces shew that the glacial phenomena of west Cork were produced by some abrading yzWf (for such it was, though not of water) which came from outside the county, viz., from Kerry. The mountains of Killarney mark the position of the principal centre of dispersion, though there were other sub¬ ordinate ones in connection therewith. Now it so happens that the mountain and hill ridges of west Cork run nearly at right angles to the general direction of the scoring flood in that district as it was moving away from said centre ; and the scoring agent has moved up the near sides (to it) of those ridges, across their crests, and down their off sides — a fact which at once and utterly excludes floating ice as the agent, and ffiso slipping mud, though for a quite different reason (these being the only two other proposed agents worth a moment s consideration). This can be well seen near Glengariff. Probably most tourists who have noticed the glaciation of the rocks about there have supposed that it was accomplished by ice descending from the hills around, which supplied what they have regarded as the Glengariff glacier. But the course

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 362

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere around here you can see marks on the rocks that tell a story most visitors get wrong. The glacial scoring near Glengarriff looks at first like the work of ice that crawled down from the hills around, what people have called the Glengarriff glacier. But the scoring agent came from outside Cork, from Kerry, with the mountains of Killarney marking the principal centre of dispersion, and other subordinate centres connected to it. What gives it away is the way the agent crossed the land. The mountain and hill ridges of west Cork run nearly at right angles to the general direction of the scoring flood as it moved away from that centre. The scoring agent moved up the near sides of those ridges, across their crests, and down their off sides. That fact at once excludes floating ice as the agent, and also excludes slipping mud, for a different reason, those being the only two other proposed agents worth considering. The traces can be well seen near here.

42. Glaciated limestone west of Cork city found by Professor Harkness

    Cork · city · Cork

    Limestone about a mile west of the city of Cork, recently stripped of its clay covering, was found by Professor Harkness to be beautifully glaciated in a west-to-east direction. The ice direction was likely deflected by a well-defined valley running near its natural course.

    Read the passage

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    that observed on the promontory northward of Bantry Bay, and evidently to be explained in a similar manner. It is interesting to find that, at the lakes of Inchigeelagh, the scorings run west to east, still pointing backwards to the centre of dis¬ persion. Some limestone, lately stripped of its covering of clay, etc., about a mile west of the city of Cork, was found by Professor Harkness to be beautifully glaciated about west to east. It is probable that in that neighbourhood the normal direction was towards south of east, and that the ice, being there in the bottom of a well-defined valley running in a direction not differing much from its would-be course, has been somewhat deflected thereby. Blocks of Misliells greenstone (already mentioned, near Bantry, see map) have been carried southerly and easterly towards Innishannon, etc.

    We have no information, and therefore no direct knowledge, concerning the glaciation of east Cork ; this, however, is pretty certain that it was not swept by ice from Kerry, but from Limerick, though not starting therefrom. We shall not now go into the evidence for this, which is chiefly to be obtained outside of this county ; we shall only mention what appears within north Cork, though it is hardly sufficient by itself to prove the point. But this requires that another effect of the great ice flows be mentioned first.

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 365

    As the companion tells it

    Cork has a story written in stone. About a mile west of the city, limestone recently stripped of its clay covering was found by Professor Harkness to be beautifully glaciated, scored in a west-to-east direction. The markings are a record of ice that passed over this ground long ago. In that neighbourhood the normal direction of the ice was probably towards south of east. But the ice was running along the bottom of a well-defined valley, a valley whose course did not differ much from the direction the ice would have taken on its own. The valley deflected it somewhat, and the stone keeps that record. Similar scorings appear at the lakes of Inchigeelagh, running west to east, pointing back toward the centre of dispersion. Blocks of greenstone from near Bantry were carried southerly and easterly towards Innishannon. For east Cork there is no direct knowledge of glaciation, but it was not ice from Kerry that swept it. It came from Limerick, though the evidence for that lies mostly outside the county.

43. Glaciation evidence in west Cork

    West Cork · municipal district · Cork

    The rocks of west Cork show clear evidence of glaciation, having been ground into rounded forms and grooved, scored, and polished by land ice. The author argues that floating ice and slipping mud could not have produced these phenomena, proving glacier ice was the agent.

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    The General Glaciation. — When the surface of the ground had nearly attained its present conformation, a different mode of denudation followed, which, thorn, h it has not effected much in the way of removal of material, yet has done enough to modify very perceptibly, in many places, the forms of the crags and rock surfaces, and to leave its peculiar unmistakeable traces thereupon. The rocks have been glaciated , that is, ground into rounded forms (roches moutonnles), and also • grooved, scored, and polished, precisely as the rocks which have been exposed to the action of existing glaciers. Land ice, or glacier ice, is, therefore, capable of producing the phenomena in this district which we now have in view ; and that it has produced them, all over the surface of Ireland, is proved to demonstration by the method of exclusion. We should not stop to prove this latter position, but that west Cork happens to afford such specially strong demonstration thereof. It is utterly impossible that any one who had examined for himself, and to a sufficient extent, the glaciation of west Cork could have recourse to floating ice, and slipping masses of mud as the grinding and scoring agents.

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 362

    As the companion tells it

    West Cork carries the marks of an older world on its stone. After the ground had nearly reached the shape it has now, a different kind of wearing followed. It did not remove much material, but it changed the forms of the crags and rock surfaces enough to be noticed, and left its own unmistakable traces behind. The rocks here were glaciated. They were ground into rounded forms, and they were grooved, scored, and polished, exactly like rocks exposed to the action of glaciers that exist today. Land ice, glacier ice, was capable of producing what you see in this district. The author says it has been proved all over the surface of Ireland by the method of exclusion. West Cork happens to afford specially strong demonstration of it. He writes that it is utterly impossible that anyone who had examined for themselves, and to a sufficient extent, the glaciation of west Cork, could have recourse to floating ice and slipping masses of mud as the grinding and scoring agents.

44. Glaciation of Bere Island recorded by multiple observers

    near Bear Island · island or archipelago · Cork

    Glacial traces on Bere Island and the adjoining mainland were recorded by Mr. J. O. Kelly and Mr. G. H. Kinahan, showing ice turning more westward after entering the lower part of Bantry Bay. Mr. J. F. Campbell, author of Frost and Fire, also described the glaciation of Bere Island.

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    G. H. Kinahan, on Bere Island and the adjoining mainland. Mr. J. F. Campbell, author of Frost and Fire , also has lately described the glaciation of Bere Island, etc. That part of the ice-flood which crossed the head of Bantry Bay and the country above it proceeded onwards to S.E. It has left its marks in many places about Ballydehob and Schull, and on the islands near Cape Clear ; also, as Mr. G. V. Dunoyer has recorded, all about the neighbourhood of Dunmanway. It was doubtless this agent that carried numerous blocks of the “Glengariff grits” south-eastward to near Clonakilty, etc. The indi¬ cations of its behaviour near Schull are very instructive. Its scorings are to be seen just a mile and a-half north by east of the summit of Mount Gabriel, beside a road; also a mile and ahalf E.N.E. of the same point, near the copper mines, very finely displayed. It was there flowing south-east by south towards the ridge of which Mount Gabriel is the highest point, and nearly at right angles thereto. It has left its traces on the crest of that ridge, viz., near the top of Mount Gabriel, at 1,200 feet, and on the summit of Ivnocknageeha, 708 feet, two miles southwestward ; it has there moved down the lee side of that ridge, as can be well seen, for instance, about a mile and a-quarter north-west of Schull — a performance simply impossible for floating ice. We must not omit to mention the glaciation in the gap on the east side of Mount Gabriel. Sir

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 364

    As the companion tells it

    Bere Island, off the Cork coast, carries the marks of ice that once moved across this land. Mr. G. H. Kinahan recorded the glacial traces on Bere Island and the adjoining mainland, and Mr. J. F. Campbell, who wrote Frost and Fire, also described the glaciation of Bere Island. The ice-flood that crossed the head of Bantry Bay and the country above it moved onwards to the south-east. It left its marks around Ballydehob and Schull, and on the islands near Cape Clear. Mr. G. V. Dunoyer recorded similar traces all about the neighbourhood of Dunmanway. This same ice carried numerous blocks of the Glengariff grits south-eastward to near Clonakilty. The behaviour of the ice near Schull is instructive. Its scorings can be seen a mile and a half north by east of the summit of Mount Gabriel, beside a road, and a mile and a half east-north-east of the same point, near the copper mines, very finely displayed. The ice was flowing south-east by south towards the ridge of which Mount Gabriel is the highest point, nearly at right angles to it. It left traces on the crest of that ridge, near the top of Mount Gabriel at 1,200 feet, and on the summit of Ivnocknageeha, 708 feet, two miles south-westward. There the ice moved down the lee side of the ridge, as can be seen about a mile and a quarter north-west of Schull, a performance simply impossible for floating ice. The glaciation in the gap on the east side of Mount Gabriel should also be noted.

45. Grant to clear channel of the river Lee (1761)

    near Blackrock · population centre · Cork · 1761

    A sum of £4,000 was granted to the mayor, sheriffs, and others towards clearing and improving the channel of the river Lee, from the Custom-house to Blackrock.

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    “ ^4,000 was granted to the mayor, sheriffs, etc., towards clearing and improving the channel of the river Lee, from the Custom-house to Blackrock.

    “ A shock of an earthquake was felt at Cork and Kin sale, especially between the gates of the former town. It continued about a minute, undulating from east to west, and vice versa ; and in six hours after, near low water, the tide rose suddenly at Kinsale, about two feet higher than it was, and ebbed away in the space of four minutes, with great force, which was repeated several times, but the first time it rose highest.

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 317

    As the companion tells it

    Blackrock sits along the channel of the river Lee, and in 1761 that channel was in need of clearing. A sum of 4,000 pounds was granted to the mayor, sheriffs, and others towards clearing and improving the river Lee, from the Custom-house to Blackrock. The same year brought a shock of an earthquake felt at Cork and Kinsale, especially between the gates of Cork. It continued about a minute, undulating from east to west. Six hours later, near low water, the tide rose suddenly at Kinsale about two feet higher than it had been, and ebbed away in four minutes with great force, repeated several times.

46. Innishannon on the river Bandon

    Innishannon · town · Cork

    Innishannon is noted as being situated on the river Bandon in the context of the Danish invasions and the plundering of Cork.

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    The first Danish invasion — Cloyne and Ross devastated — Cogadh Gall re Gaedhil — Extracts from this Work — Cork plundered — Innishannon, on the river Bandon — Curious prophecies — Bec- Mac-De — Prophecy of St. Bercan — Death of Cucaech, Abbot of Cloyne — Death of the Abbot of Kinneigh — Carbery — Rosscarbery — the Wood of the Pilgrims— Cork burned again — Bri-Gobhann (Brigown) plundered — Drowning of Turgesius, the Danish champion — Slaughter of the Danes by the men of Munster — Plunder of Cloyne, Ross, and Kenmare — Fight between the Black and White Gentiles — Death of Columb, Abbot of Cork — The Abbots of Cork and Lismore mortally.^ wounded by the Danes —

    Death ot another Abbot ol Cork — Forty years of comparative

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 5

    As the companion tells it

    Innishannon sits on the river Bandon. It appears in an old account of the first Danish invasion of this part of Ireland. That account lists the places struck by the Danes. Cork was plundered. Innishannon is named there alongside the river Bandon, as the invaders moved through the country. Cloyne and Ross were devastated. Cork was burned again later. The Danes plundered Cloyne, Ross, and Kenmare. There was a fight between the Black and White Gentiles. Abbots of Cork and Lismore were mortally wounded by the Danes. The Abbot of Cork was killed. The men of Munster slaughtered the Danes. Turgesius, the Danish champion, was drowned. Forty years of comparative peace followed.

47. Kinsale monastery and St. Senan's burial

    Kinsale · town · Cork · 500–600

    St. Gobban, a disciple of St. Ailbhe, was patron of the monastery of Kinsale, and St. Began of Kinsale is noted in the sixth century. St. Senan, who presided over the Church of Cluan between mountains Crot and Mairge in Munster, was buried at Kinsale.

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    “ Priory of Regular Canons. — St. Gobban, a disciple of St. Ailb, was patron of the monastery of Kingsale, and in the sixth century we meet with St. Began of Kinnsaile.^ St. Senan lies buried here ; he presided over the Church of Cluan, between tho mountains Crot and Mairge, in Munster. White

    FriarSi _ We have no information about the foundation of this

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 434

    As the companion tells it

    As you pass through Kinsale, you are near the site of an early monastery. St. Gobban, a disciple of St. Ailbhe, was its patron, and St. Began of Kinsale is recorded in the 6th century. St. Senan lies buried here. He presided over the Church of Cluan, between the mountains Crot and Mairge in Munster.

48. Lords Justices visit Kinsale fort and review regiment

    Kinsale · town · Cork

    From Cork the Lords Justices travelled to Kinsale, where they visited the fort and reviewed Sir Matthew Bridges' regiment of foot. They returned to Cork the following day and reviewed the royal regiment of foot commanded by Colonel Hamilton.

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    “ On the 25th they came to Cork, being met some miles from the town by the bishop and clergy of the diocese, and several gentlemen, and were received at the gates of the city by the mayor and aldermen in their formalities, by whom they were sumptuously entertained at the expense of .£200, and were made free of the city. On the 26th they went to Kinsale, visited the fort, and reviewed Sir Matthew Bridges’ regiment of foot. On the 28th they returned to Cork, where they reviewed the royal regiment of foot, commanded by Colonel Hamilton ; and having taken a view of the harbour, were

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 307

    As the companion tells it

    As you pass through Kinsale, this was where the Lords Justices arrived on the 26th, after travelling from Cork. They visited the fort here and reviewed Sir Matthew Bridges' regiment of foot. Two days later they returned to Cork and reviewed the royal regiment of foot, commanded by Colonel Hamilton, and took a view of the harbour.

49. MacCarthys defeated and Dermot Oge slain, 1334

    Cork · city · Cork · 1334–1335

    The MacCarthys were defeated by the English in 1334. According to Clyn, who places the event in 1335, Dermot Oge MacCarthy, King of Cork, was slain in the defeat.

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    “ The Mac Carthys were defeated by the English in 1334, and, according to Clyn (who places this event in the year 1335) Derm ot Oge Mac Carthy, King of Cork, was slam.

    “ The Lord Roche obtained from King Edward III. a « inducement’ of the fine of 200 marks, which was laid on his father for not attending the parliament of the 20th of Edward II., to £10.

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 138

    As the companion tells it

    Cork carries an old story from 1334. That year, the English defeated the MacCarthys. According to Clyn, who places the event in 1335, Dermot Oge MacCarthy, King of Cork, was slain in the defeat. The Lord Roche obtained from King Edward 3 a reduction of the fine of 200 marks laid on his father for not attending the parliament of the 20th of Edward 2, to 10 pounds.

50. O'Donegans of Muscraidhe Tir Maighe, now Barrymore

    Barrymore · barony · Cork

    The O'Donegan clan originated from Muscraidhe Tir Maighe (Muskerry of the Three Plains), the territory now known as Barrymore in County Cork. This territorial association reflects the clan's early medieval settlement in the region.

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    The O’Donegans (O' Donnagain) came from Muscraidhe Tir Maighe (Muskerry of the Three Plains), now Barrymore. The O’Flynns came from Muscraidhe ui Fhloi , now the deanery of Musgrylin.

    How the vast assembly fared as to food is a difficult question. Probably many tribes brought their flocks with them, pastoral fashion ; and probably they did not disdain to eat as well as to hunt the mathghamhain , or brown bear of North Europe, which with the wolf (un allaidh) remained until a late period. The red deer too (Jiadh ruadh) — it may be a degenerate species of the famous Irish elk — would have been found in abundance on the mountains of Mangerton and Killarney, where the wild goat (galkar) would also abound.

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 29

    As the companion tells it

    The barony of Barrymore in County Cork was once called Muscraidhe Tir Maighe, meaning Muskerry of the Three Plains. The O'Donegans, a clan whose name was written O'Donnagain, came from here. This was their territory in early medieval times, the land they settled and held. The name Barrymore has since replaced the older Irish one, but the connection between the clan and this ground runs back to those early centuries. The book that records this also notes how the great assemblies of that age fed themselves, with tribes bringing their flocks in pastoral fashion, hunting the brown bear, the mathghamhain, and the wolf, un allaidh, both of which lasted in Ireland until a late period. Red deer and wild goat filled the mountains of Mangerton and Killarney.

51. Ruins of St. Mullagh Chapel in Kilmoe

    near Kilmoe · parish · Cork

    At the west end of the town of Kilmoe stood the ruins of a chapel dedicated to St. Mullagh. The parish church of Kilmoe was dedicated to St. Briana, alias Brandon, whose festival was observed.

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    from Bantry, by the sea-side, are the ruins of an abbey which belonged to the Franciscans. I don’t hear that there were any other religious houses besides this in the baronies of Beer and Bantry. Humphrey Sullivan is Popish priest of this parish, and of Kilcroghan ; he has been here about twelve years. All the inhabitants are Papists. No Papists are allowed to live within the walls of Bandon. The Earl of Cork, in his leases, has obliged all the tenants not to admit Papists. In the parish of Skull there are about four Protestant families, and about four hundred Papist families. Daniel Carthy is Popish priest of the eastern part of this parish ; he has been here ever since before the late troubles. No glebe in this parish, no registry - book, nor Bible, nor Common Prayer-book. In Kilmoe there are the ruins of a chapel at the west-end of the town dedicated to St. Mullagh. The church of Kilmoe is dedicated to St. Briana, alias Brandon, whese festival is observed. In this parish there are about nine Protestant families, and two hundred Papist. Teige Coghlan is Popish priest of Kilmoe, and of the western part of Skull. He has been here about eight years. A young Irishman, a Papist, teaches school about the middle of the parish. In all the O’Sullivan’s country they observe as a holiday St. Rooane’s Day. At Kinneigh a high round tower stands in the south-west corner of the churchyard. ’Tis sup¬ posed this church was formerly a cathedral. A stone is in the south-west corner of the church of Kinneigh counted very sacred, which the Irish solemnly swear upon. The church is accounted by the Irish very sacred. There is a tradition that formerly in this churchyard there was a well that had great medicinal virtues, and that the concourse of people being very chargeable to the inhabitants, they stopped it up.

    Yet the Catholic had to support both their own clergy and and the Protestant ministers — an injustice of the very gravest kind, and this not only in a general way, but as the Cork Grand Jury presentments show, fees were exacted from the Catholics for every domestic occurrence.4

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 313

    As the companion tells it

    As you travel through the parish of Kilmoe in west Cork, the ruins of a chapel stand at the west end of the town, dedicated to St. Mullagh. The parish church itself is dedicated to St. Briana, also called Brandon, whose festival is still observed. In Kilmoe there are about nine Protestant families and two hundred Papist families. Teige Coghlan is the Popish priest of Kilmoe and of the western part of Skull. He has been here about eight years. A young Irishman, a Papist, teaches school about the middle of the parish. Not far off, in the parish of Skull, there are about four Protestant families and about four hundred Papist families. Daniel Carthy is Popish priest of the eastern part of that parish. He has been there ever since before the late troubles. There is no glebe there, no registry book, nor Bible, nor Common Prayer book. In all the O'Sullivan's country they observe St. Rooane's Day as a holiday. The Catholics had to support both their own clergy and the Protestant ministers, an injustice of the gravest kind. The Cork Grand Jury presentments show that fees were exacted from Catholics for every domestic occurrence. A high round tower stands at Kinneigh, in the south-west corner of the churchyard. The church there is supposed to have formerly been a cathedral. A stone in its south-west corner is counted very sacred, which the Irish solemnly swear upon. The church is accounted by the Irish very sacred. There is a tradition that formerly in this churchyard there was a well with great medicinal virtues, and that the concourse of people being very chargeable to the inhabitants, they stopped it up.

52. St. Cyra's convent at Kilcrea

    Kilcrea · townland · Cork

    St. Cyra, also known as Chora, had a convent at Kilcrea (Cill Cheva). The convent is mentioned in an account of the Irish Saints in the Leabhar Breac, which notes Cyra as one of the three nuns who freely gave their love to Christ.

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    St. Cyra, or Chora, had a Convent at Idilcrea, Cill Cheva, which is mentioned in an account of the Irish Saints entered in the Lreabhar Bveac, in which Ciaras each Gobmcut and Sciach are mentioned as the three Cailechs (nuns) 'c who freely gave their love to Christ.”

    St. Colman Mac Lenin was the founder of the See of Cloyne.3 He was nearly related to the royal family of Munster, and was especially distinguished for his poetical talent. He wrote a metrical life of St. Senan, and the Book of Trim ore contains a short poem on the life of St. Brendon, which begins thus : —

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 95

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere near here, St. Cyra, also called Chora, had a convent at Kilcrea, the old name Cill Cheva. The convent is noted in an account of the Irish Saints written in the Leabhar Breac. In that account, Cyra is named among three nuns described as those who freely gave their love to Christ. The words kept from the source say the nuns were those who freely gave their love to Christ. Little else is recorded about the convent itself, but the Leabhar Breac remembered Cyra and her companions for that act of devotion.

53. Templemolaga ruins near Mitchelstown

    Templemolaga · parish · Cork

    Templemolaga, near Mitchelstown, is dedicated to St. Molaga, who is the patron saint of the site. The ruins are situated on the banks of the Funcheon river.

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    He is the patron saint of Templemolaga, near Mitchelstown. The ruins are on the banks of the Funcheon. The Franciscan monastery was founded by the Mac Carthys, who were the great patron of that order in the South.

    Tracton Abbey. — This was also founded by the Mac Carthys, a.d. 1224, for Cistercian monks, though in 1380 the absurd and’ childish regulation was made that ‘‘no mere Irishman was to be professed there, which, considering tnat the Mac Carthys were unquestionably mere Irish, was, to say the least, amusing. It fell eventually into the hands of the rapacious

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 445

    As the companion tells it

    The parish of Templemolaga takes its name from St. Molaga, its patron saint. The ruins stand on the banks of the Funcheon river, near Mitchelstown. A Franciscan monastery was founded here by the Mac Carthys, who were great patrons of that order in the south of Ireland. The Mac Carthys built and supported this house, as they did others, putting their wealth and power behind the Franciscan friars in this part of the country.

54. Whiddy Island forts and O'Sullivan castle

    near Whiddy Island · island or archipelago · Cork

    Whiddy Island lies near Bantry town, presents a fertile surface, is about three and a half miles long, and has about 450 inhabitants. It contains forts erected for protection of the Bay and an old castle of the O'Sullivans.

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    Ban try will always be remembered as the scene of the famous landing of the French in 1 796. Bantry Bay is about 21 miles in length measuring down to Sheeps Head, its breadth from two miles and a half to five miles , and its shores are considerably varied and broken in their outlines. The principal islands are Bere and Whiddy. . The former stands near the mouth of the Bay. Its surface is rocky anc coarse, its length about six miles, and its breadth about one and a half, and, lying near the western shore forms the capa¬ cious and sheltered harbour of Berehaven. Whiddy Island is near the town, and presents a fertile surface. It is about three miles and a half in length, from one mile to a mi e an a quarter in breadth, and has about 450 inhabitants. Wind y contains the forts erected for the protection of the Bay, and an old castle of the O’Sullivans.

    Buttevant. — It derived its present name from the war-cry of the Barrys— “ Boutez en avanC Its ancient name was Rilnamullagh. The peasantry of the locality understand Kilnamullagh to mean the “ Church of the Curse (malUuht) in connection with which they relate a strange legend; but the explanation is erroneous, and the legend an invention ot later times. In the year 1 2 5 1 the Four Masters, m recordm

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 393

    As the companion tells it

    Out near Bantry, in the bay, lies Whiddy Island. It stands close to the town and presents a fertile surface, unlike the rocky neighbouring island of Bere at the mouth of the bay. Whiddy is about three miles and a half in length, from one mile to a mile and a quarter in breadth, and has about 450 inhabitants. The bay itself stretches about 21 miles down to Sheep's Head, its breadth running from two miles and a half to five miles, with shores considerably varied and broken in their outlines. Whiddy contains the forts erected for the protection of the bay, and an old castle of the O'Sullivans. Bere Island, the other principal island in the bay, lies near the western shore and forms the capacious and sheltered harbour of Berehaven. Its surface is rocky and coarse, its length about six miles, and its breadth about one and a half. Whiddy's fertile ground and its fortifications set it apart in this stretch of coast.

55. Act to build stone bridges to Lavitt's Island (1761)

    Cork · city · Cork · 1761

    An act was passed in 1761 providing for the building of a stone bridge from the quay opposite Prince's Street to Lavitt's Island, and another from there to the Red Abbey Marsh, with a draw bridge in its centre. The act also provided for supplying Cork city with water.

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    “ December 25, 1 761. — An act was passed this year, which, after reciting that there were then only two public avenues to Cork, and that same were narrow and inconvenient, provides for the building of a stone bridge, not exceeding in breadth twenty-six feet, from the quay opposite Prince’s Street to the northern or opposite part oi Lavitt s island, and another from the southern part of said island to the Red Abbey Marsh, of the same breadth, with a draw bridge in its centre. Ihis act also provides for supplying said city with water.

    “ ^4,000 was granted to the mayor, sheriffs, etc., towards clearing and improving the channel of the river Lee, from the Custom-house to Blackrock.

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 317

    As the companion tells it

    Cork, in 1761, had only two public avenues into the city, and they were narrow and inconvenient. An act passed that year, on December 25, set out to change that. It provided for a stone bridge, no broader than 26 feet, running from the quay opposite Prince's Street to the northern part of Lavitt's Island. From the southern part of that same island, another bridge of the same breadth would reach to the Red Abbey Marsh, with a draw bridge at its centre. The same act also made provision for supplying the city with water. A grant of 4,000 was given to the mayor, sheriffs and others toward clearing and improving the channel of the river Lee, from the Custom-house to Blackrock.

56. Ballyhooly castle and village on the Blackwater

    Ballyhooly · town · Cork

    Ballyhooly is a castle and village on the Blackwater below Mallow, called Ath-ubhla in the Book of Lismore, meaning the town of the appleford. The castle is an important feature in the landscape, with a ruined chapel nearby and the village lying to the north.

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    The castle of Ballyhooly is an important feature in the landscape. There is a ruined chapel near it, and the village lies to the north.

    Ballylicky, on the road from Glengarriff to Bantry in Cork, is called in Irish Belatha-lice , the ford-mouth of the flao- stone, and whoever has seen it will acknowledge the appropriateness of the name. All the places called Bellanalack derive their names from similar fords.

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 396

    As the companion tells it

    Ballyhooly is a castle and village on the Blackwater, below Mallow. The old Irish name was Ath-ubhla, the town of the appleford, found in the Book of Lismore. The castle remains an important feature in the landscape. A ruined chapel stands near it, and the village lies to the north.

57. Ballynoe ruins of Knights Hospitallers

    Ballynoe · townland · Cork

    Ballynoe, also called Knocknoun, is in the barony of Kinnattalloon. Extensive ruins here are supposed to have belonged to the Knights Hospitallers.

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    Ballynoe (new town), called Knocknoun, is in the barony of Kinnattalloon. The ruins here are extensive, and supposed to have belonged to Knights Hospitallers.

    Bridgetown Abbey is situated on the lower Blackwater, in the barony of Fermoy ; called also Ballynadroghid, from two bridges which formerly crossed the river. The ruins lie low and near the river. It was founded in the reign of King John by Alexander Fitzroche, and was supplied with friars from the friary of Newtown, in the Co. Meath. In 1375 it was evidently a place of consideration, for the Prior was one of those chosen to proceed on a special mission to the English court. The masonry is strong, and in wonderful preservation. There is a monumental tomb close to the high altar, which has a rude carving of an inverted shield charged with one fish. It is supposed to be the tomb of the founder. The present arms of the Bodies are three fish. A silver pectoral cross was found here some years since. It is described in the Kilkenny Archeological Journal as being of the twelfth or thirteenth century. The cross had been gilt, and was ornamented with four carbuncles, one on each arm, and in the centre a garnet cut in the shape of a parallelogram. The stones were of fine quality, but unpolished.

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 391

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere around here is Ballynoe, which was also called Knocknoun. The name means new town. It sits in the barony of Kinnattalloon. There are extensive ruins close to Ballynoe, and they are supposed to have belonged to the Knights Hospitallers. That is what the record tells us. No founder is named, no date is given, no detail of the walls or the layout survives in the account. Only the fact that the ruins are extensive, and the belief that the Hospitallers held this place.

58. Bandon corporation settles its government

    Bandon · town · Cork · 1605

    In 1605, the corporation of Bandon began to settle its future form of government, as part of a wave of municipal reorganisation in Munster towns.

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    1605. ££ The city of Cork and its liberties were separated from the county of Cork, and made a distinct county. The same year the corporations of Bandon, Cloughnakilty, &c., began to settle their future form of government.

    1606. “ The Lord Kinsale obtained letters of leave and recom¬ mendations to the king from the lords justices and council. Among other particulars, they inform his Majesty that he had given good testimony* of his loyalty to the crown in the service at Kinsale, besides several other acts of fidelity and forward¬ ness at other times, both in civil and martial affairs ; upon which he obtained an annual pension of ^133 6s. 8d. from King James I.

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 278

    As the companion tells it

    Bandon, in Cork, is a town with a founding moment in records. In 1605, the city of Cork and its liberties were separated from the county of Cork and made a distinct county. That same year, the corporations of Bandon, Clonakilty, and other Munster towns began to settle their future form of government. This was part of a wider wave of municipal reorganisation across the province. The corporations were working out how they would govern themselves, what shape their town councils would take, and how authority would be held. For Bandon, 1605 was the year its corporation began that work.

59. Bishop Tanner appointed to Cork and Cloyne

    Cork · city · Cork · 1574

    In 1574, Dr. Edmund Tanner was appointed to the united bishopric of Cork and Cloyne by papal brief. He was later empowered to minister throughout Munster and Dublin due to the absence of other bishops during religious persecution.

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    Dr. Edmund Tanner was. next appointed to Cork and Cloyne, by brief of 5th November, 1 574.5

    Dr. Tanner was consecrated bishop in Borne, and remained there during the winter months. On the iOth of April, 1575, special faculties were granted to him, and he was, moreover,

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 178

    As the companion tells it

    In 1574, Dr. Edmund Tanner was appointed to the united bishopric of Cork and Cloyne by papal brief of the 5th of November. Consecrated in Rome, he remained there through the winter. On the 10th of April, 1575, special faculties were granted to him, and he was empowered to minister throughout Munster and Dublin during religious persecution.

60. Cloyne as royal residence in the Book of Rights

    Cloyne · town · Cork

    Cluain-uamha (Cloyne) is listed in the Book of Rights as one of the royal residences of the kings of Cashel, alongside Bruree, Muilchead, Seanchua, and Rosraeda.

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    In the “Book of Rights,” page 87, Cluain-uamha is mentioned as one of the royal residences of the kings of Cashel, and sub¬ sequently is added : —

    “ Of the rights of Cashel, in its power Are Bruree, and the great Muilchead,

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 423

    As the companion tells it

    The road takes you near Cloyne, once known as Cluain-uamha. In the Book of Rights it is named as one of the royal residences of the kings of Cashel. The record places it alongside Bruree and the great Muilchead, seats of power in their time.