A history of the city and county of Cork

Each story keeps the passage it was read from. Open one to read it as the scan has it, and, where the companion has written its own telling, that too. The passages are read off photographs of the page by machine, so a word here and there comes out wrong; they are kept as the reading produced them, so you can check any of them against the scan.

1. Benedictine Convent of St. John founded 1296

   Cork · city · Cork · 1296

   In 1296 the founding of the Benedictine Convent of St. John in Cork was subject to a 'Convent Question' referred by Edward I to the Chief Justice of Ireland, who reported it would be for the common good of the whole country. The convent was founded and flourished for centuries at what is now John Street.

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   ££ In the north-west suburb, on the North Mall, where North Abbey-square now stands, was the North Abbey. It was, as you see, actually within arrow-shot of the city walls and North Gate fort. In Elizabeth’s time it also was suppressed. Its rich possessions had been granted to the Skiddys. But there also the Friars somehow kept their ground. Farther on to the east, where St. Mary’s Church now stands, was Shandon Castle. It was perched on the verge of a precipice, over¬ hanging the river. The adjacent lane is still sometimes known as Shandon Castle-lane. There the Barrys once kept splendid state. There also the Judges of Assize held courts of gaol delivery. Nearly at its foot, just where the Kiln river meets the Lee, was the hamlet of Dungarvan. Close by, where Daly’s distillery now stands, was, at the time of which I speak, the Benedictine Convent of St. John. The place is still called John-street. In 1296 the ‘Convent Question’ was raised about the founding of this convent. Edward I., by royal writ, referred to the Chief Justice of Ireland whether a convent should be established here. The Chief Justice reported that such an institution would be ad communem commodum et communem utilitatem totius patriot, and so the convent was founded and flourished for centuries.

   £ £ How did the Cork folk live in the sixteenth century ? They

   Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 272

   As the companion tells it

   As you pass through Cork, you are near the site of the Benedictine Convent of St. John, founded in 1296. It stood where Daly's distillery now stands, at the place still called John Street, close by where the Kiln river meets the Lee. The hamlet of Dungarvan lay nearby. The North Abbey stood in the north-west suburb, on the North Mall, where North Abbey-square is now, within arrow-shot of the city walls and North Gate fort. It was suppressed in Elizabeth's time and its possessions granted to the Skiddys. Farther east, where St. Mary's Church now stands, was Shandon Castle, perched on the verge of a precipice overhanging the river. The Barrys kept splendid state there, and the Judges of Assize held courts of gaol delivery. In 1296 the question of founding this convent was raised. Edward I, by royal writ, referred the matter to the Chief Justice of Ireland, asking whether a convent should be established here. The Chief Justice reported that such an institution would be, in his words, "ad communem commodum et communem utilitatem totius patrie" — for the common good and common utility of the whole country. And so the convent was founded and flourished for centuries.

2. Blarney Castle built by Cormac Mac Carthy

   near Blarney · townland · Cork

   Cormac Mac Carthy, founder of Kilcrea Abbey, also erected Blarney Castle. He was later buried at Kilcrea in 1495.

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   In 1467 the Monastery of Cill-Caedhe (Kilcrea), Co. Cork, was founded by Cormac Mac Carthy, surnamed L aider (the strong), for Franciscan friars. The Mac Cartkys were great patrons of this order. Mac Carthy also erected Blarney Castle. He was buried in Kilcrea in 1495.

   The Wars of the Roses divided the English in Ireland almost as much as their relatives across the channel. The ' Butlers were Plantagenets, the Fitzgeralds were Lancastrians. Happily, however, they did a good deal of their fighting in England, but Smith complains pathetically that “ they left their estates to be overrun by the Irish.” In other words, the Irish had a chance of getting back the estates which the English had “ overrun” to some purpose.

   Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 143

   As the companion tells it

   Somewhere close to Blarney stands the castle Cormac Mac Carthy erected. He was surnamed Laidir, meaning the strong. In 1467 he founded the monastery of Kilcrea in County Cork for Franciscan friars, and the Mac Carthys were great patrons of that order. He also built Blarney Castle. Cormac Mac Carthy was buried at Kilcrea in 1495.

3. Bridgetown Abbey founding and ruins

   Bridgetown · townland · Cork · 1199–1216

   Bridgetown Abbey on the lower Blackwater in the barony of Fermoy, also called Ballynadroghid, was founded in the reign of King John by Alexander Fitzroche. The ruins lie low near the river and remain in wonderful preservation with strong masonry.

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   Bridgetown Abbey is situated on the lower Blackwater, in the barony of Fermoy ; called also Ballynadroghid, from two bridges which formerly crossed the river. The ruins lie low and near the river. It was founded in the reign of King John by Alexander Fitzroche, and was supplied with friars from the friary of Newtown, in the Co. Meath. In 1375 it was evidently a place of consideration, for the Prior was one of those chosen to proceed on a special mission to the English court. The masonry is strong, and in wonderful preservation. There is a monumental tomb close to the high altar, which has a rude carving of an inverted shield charged with one fish. It is supposed to be the tomb of the founder. The present arms of the Bodies are three fish. A silver pectoral cross was found here some years since. It is described in the Kilkenny Archeological Journal as being of the twelfth or thirteenth century. The cross had been gilt, and was ornamented with four carbuncles, one on each arm, and in the centre a garnet cut in the shape of a parallelogram. The stones were of fine quality, but unpolished.

   Blackwater. — This river is called Abhoinn-Mor (the great

   Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 391

   As the companion tells it

   Somewhere around here are the ruins of Bridgetown Abbey, on the lower Blackwater in the barony of Fermoy. It was also called Ballynadroghid, from two bridges that once crossed the river. The ruins lie low and near the water, and the masonry is strong, in wonderful preservation. The abbey was founded in the reign of King John by Alexander Fitzroche. It was supplied with friars from the friary of Newtown in County Meath. By 1375 it was a place of some standing. The Prior was among those chosen to proceed on a special mission to the English court. Close to the high altar there is a monumental tomb, with a rude carving of an inverted shield charged with one fish. It is supposed to be the tomb of the founder. The present arms of the Bodies are three fish. A silver pectoral cross was found here some years ago. The Kilkenny Archaeological Journal describes it as being of the twelfth or thirteenth century. The cross had been gilt and was ornamented with four carbuncles, one on each arm, and in the centre a garnet cut in the shape of a parallelogram. The stones were of fine quality but unpolished.

4. Buttevant name and Kilnamullagh monastery, 1251

   Buttevant · town · Cork · 1251

   Buttevant derived its name from the war-cry of the Barrys, 'Boutez en avant.' Its ancient name was Kilnamullagh, meaning the Church of the Hillocks or Summits, and the Four Masters record the foundation of a monastery there in 1251.

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   Buttevant. — It derived its present name from the war-cry of the Barrys— “ Boutez en avanC Its ancient name was Rilnamullagh. The peasantry of the locality understand Kilnamullagh to mean the “ Church of the Curse (malUuht) in connection with which they relate a strange legend; but the explanation is erroneous, and the legend an invention ot later times. In the year 1 2 5 1 the Four Masters, m recordm

   the foundation of the monastery calpt &lhna-mullach whic

   Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 393

   As the companion tells it

   Buttevant took its name from the war-cry of the Barrys, "Boutez en avant." Its older name was Kilnamullagh. People nearby took that to mean the Church of the Curse, and told a strange legend to match, but that meaning is wrong and the legend was invented later. The Four Masters recorded the founding of a monastery at Kilnamullagh in 1251.

5. Charter for Dominican community near Cork city walls, 1317

   Cork · city · Cork · 1317

   A charter confirmed by King Edward II was granted in 1317 by Sir Roger de Mortimer in favour of the Dominican community of St. Mary's Abbey in Cork. It provided that custody of the nearest city gate should be committed to trustworthy men and that free passage to and from the city should be given to the friars and other good citizens.

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   A charter, confirmed by assent of King Edward II. , was granted in 1317, by Sir Boger de Mortimer and his council, in favour of the Dominican community, by which the ward, or custody, of the gate ol the lately erected city walls, nearest to the abbey of St. Mary’s, should be committed to the mayor, bailiffs, and other trusty men, and free passage to and from the city should be given to the friars, and for their sake to other good citizens.

   Edmund Mortimer, Earl of March and Ulster, father of the Heir-Presumptive to the crown of England, and Lord Lieu¬ tenant of Ireland, when he came to Cork took up his vice¬ regal residence in the Dominican convent. He died in that house on St. Stephen’s day, 1381, and, as is supposed, was buried in St. Mary’s Isle.

   Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 417

   As the companion tells it

   As the road passes through Cork, in 1317 a charter confirmed by King Edward II was granted by Sir Roger de Mortimer and his council in favour of the Dominican community. The custody of the gate of the newly erected city walls, nearest to the abbey of St. Mary's, was to be committed to the mayor, bailiffs, and other trusty men. Free passage to and from the city was to be given to the friars, and for their sake to other good citizens. Edmund Mortimer, Earl of March and Ulster, father of the Heir-Presumptive to the crown of England, and Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, when he came to the city took up his viceregal residence in the Dominican convent. He died in that house on St. Stephen's day, 1381, and, as is supposed, was buried in St. Mary's Isle.

6. Convent of Tralee and the fourteenth Earl of Desmond

   Tralee · town · Kerry · 1536

   John, the fourteenth Earl of Desmond, was an aged man and a religious brother of the convent of Tralee. He succeeded to the title after his son Maurice Dubh killed the thirteenth earl, and was buried in the same church around Christmas 1536.

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   “ 1536, John, fourteenth earl, an aged man, and a religious brother of the Convent of Tralee, when his son, Maurice Dubh , killed his grandnephew, James, the thirteenth earl, whereupon,

   DESMOND FAMILY.

   Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa

   As the companion tells it

   In Tralee, a convent stood in 1536. John, fourteenth Earl of Desmond, was an aged man and a religious brother of that convent. His son Maurice Dubh killed James, his grandnephew, the thirteenth earl, whereupon John succeeded to the title. He was buried in the same church around Christmas 1536.

7. Cork's Royal Street in the seventeenth century

   Cork · city · Cork · 1600–1699

   The main street of Cork, corresponding to modern North and South Main Streets, was called the "Royal-street," "High-street," or "Queen's Majesty's street" in the seventeenth century. North and South Gates with forts and drawbridges stood at either end of it.

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   “ What was Cork like at this time ? Fortunately, we can tell with some exactness. There is a very interesting map of it in the Pacata Hibernia. You see how accurate is Spencer’s description of Cork as an island fayre, enclosed by ‘ the spreading Lee’ with his ‘ divided flood.’ Also Camden’s con¬ temporary account of Cork, as £ of the forme of an egge, with the river flowmge round about it, and runmnge between, not passable through but by bridges lying out at length, as it were, in one direct broad street,’ That ‘ one direct broad street ’ corresponds with our North and South Main-streets. It was then called the £ Royal-street,’ sometimes £the Highstreet,’ and sometimes ‘the Queen’s Majesty’s street.’ At either end of it you observe the North and South Gates, with their forts and drawbridges. Crossing it at right angles is Castle-street, through which flowed (as beneath it flows still,) a branch of the river — ‘the river flowinge betweene’ which Camden observed. At the intersection of Castle-street and the Main -street, where the Young Men’s Society Hall now stands, you observe the ‘Golden Castle’ of the Roches. There the Exchange was afterwards built, and for more than a century the trade of Cork was transacted. At the other end of Castle-street, where Daunt’s-square now is, you will observe ‘ ye Water Gate,’ and the King and Queen’s Castles. To these castles the street owes its name and the city its arms. Ships used to be brought into Castle-street to be unloaded, as at Amsterdam. The custom-house was there to receive them.

   Ihe Royal or (Main) street was also intersected then, as it is now, by narrow lanes. These lanes were the fashionable residences of Cork. In them wealthy merchants had their mansions. You see Skiddy’s Castle in one and Therry’s in

   Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 271

   As the companion tells it

   As you come through Cork, you are on what was the main street of the city in the seventeenth century. It was called the Royal-street, sometimes the High-street, and sometimes the Queen's Majesty's street. It corresponds to what are now North and South Main Streets. Cork itself was an island, enclosed by what Spenser called the spreading Lee with his divided flood. Camden described it as of the forme of an egge, with the river flowinge round about it, and runninge between, not passable through but by bridges lying out at length, as it were, in one direct broad street. That one direct broad street was the Royal-street. At either end of it stood the North and South Gates, with their forts and drawbridges. Castle-street crossed it at right angles, and a branch of the river flowed through it, the same branch that still runs beneath it. At the intersection of Castle-street and the main street, where the Young Men's Society Hall later stood, you would have seen the Golden Castle of the Roches. The Exchange was built there afterwards, and for more than a century the trade of Cork was transacted in that spot. At the other end of Castle-street, where Daunt's-square now is, stood the Water Gate and the King and Queen's Castles. To these castles the street owed its name and the city its arms. Ships used to be brought into Castle-street to be unloaded, as at Amsterdam, and the custom-house was there to receive them. The main street was intersected then, as it is now, by narrow lanes. These lanes were the fashionable residences of Cork. Wealthy merchants had their mansions in them. Skiddy's Castle stood in one lane and Therry's in another.

8. De Burgo lands near Athlone claimed by the crown

   Athlone · town · Westmeath · 1635–1640

   The crown alleged that the lands and lordships of De Burgo, adjacent to the Castle of Athlone, and indeed the whole remaining province of Connaught, belonged to the king. A compliant jury found for the king, displacing existing proprietors in favour of new landlords.

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   It was now discovered that the lands and lordships of De Burgo, adjacent to the Castle of Athlone, and, in fact, the whole remaining province, belonged to the crown. It would be useless here to give details of the special pleading on which this statement was founded ; it is an illustration of what I have observed before, that the tenure of the English settler was quite as uncertain as the tenure of the Celt. The jury found for the king ; and as a reward, the foreman, Sir Lucas Dillon, was graciously permitted to retain a portion of his own lands. Lowther, Chief Justice of the Common Pleas, got four shillings in the pound of the first year’s rent raised under the Commission of “ Defective Titles.” The juries of Mayo and Sligo were equally complacent ; but there was stern resistance made in Galway, and stern reprisals were made for the resistance. The jurors were fined ^4,000 each, and were imprisoned, and their estates seized until that sum was paid. The sheriff was fined £ 1 ,000, and being unable to pay that sum, he died in prison. And all this was done with the full knowledge and the entire sanction of the “ royal martyr.”

   The country was discontented, and the lord deputy demanded

   Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 286

   As the companion tells it

   Athlone sits on the river, a town the road passes through. In the years around 1635 the crown put forward a claim that the lands and lordships of De Burgo, lying adjacent to the Castle of Athlone, and indeed the whole remaining province of Connaught, belonged to the king. The argument rested on special pleading of a kind that showed the English settler's tenure was every bit as uncertain as the Celt's. A jury found for the king. As a reward the foreman, Sir Lucas Dillon, was graciously permitted to retain a portion of his own lands. Lowther, Chief Justice of the Common Pleas, received four shillings in the pound of the first year's rent raised under the Commission of Defective Titles. The juries of Mayo and Sligo were equally complaisant. But Galway made stern resistance, and stern reprisals followed. The jurors were each fined 4,000, imprisoned, and their estates seized until the sum was paid. The sheriff was fined 1,000 and, unable to pay, he died in prison. All of this was done with the full knowledge and entire sanction of the royal martyr.

9. Dermod hides in Augustinian monastery at Ferns

   Ferns · townland · Wexford · 1161

   Dermod MacMurrough is said to have returned to Ireland at the close of 1161 and concealed himself during the winter in a monastery of Augustinian Canons at Ferns, which he had founded. This account is one of several concerning the precise date of his arrival.

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   There is considerable uncertainty as to the real date and the precise circumstances of Dermod’s arrival in Ireland. According to one account, he returned at the close of the year 1 1 6 1, and concealed himself during the winter in a monastery of Augustinian Canons at Ferns, which he had founded. The two principal authorities are Giraldus Cambrensis and Maurice Regan — the latter was Dermod Mac Murrough’s secretary. According to his account, Robert Fitz Stephen landed at Bannow, near Waterford, in May, 1169, with an army of three hundred archers, thirty knights, and sixty men-at-arms. A second detachment arrived the next day, headed by Maurice de Prendergast, a Welsh gentleman, with ten knights and sixty archers. Dermod at once assembled his men, and joined his allies. He could only muster five hundred followers ; but with their united forces, such as they were, the outlawed king and the needy adventurers, laid siege to the city of Wexford. The brave inhabitants of this mercantile town at once set forth to meet them; but fearing the result, if attacked in open field by well-disciplined troops, they fired the suburbs, and en-

   who was mother to Giraldus Cambrensis. This relationship accounts for the absurd eulogiums which he has lavished on the Geraldines. Demetia is the district now called Pembrokeshire, where a colony of Normans established themselves after the Norman Conquest. — See Thierry’s Norman Conquest.

   Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 102

   As the companion tells it

   Close to Ferns, there was a monastery of Augustinian Canons. Dermod MacMurrough had founded it himself, and when he returned to Ireland at the close of 1161, he concealed himself there through the winter. There is considerable uncertainty about the real date and the precise circumstances of his arrival. The two principal authorities for these events are Giraldus Cambrensis and Maurice Regan, who was Dermod MacMurrough's own secretary. According to his account, Robert Fitz Stephen landed at Bannow, near Waterford, in May 1169, with an army of 300 archers, 30 knights, and 60 men-at-arms. A second detachment arrived the next day, headed by Maurice de Prendergast, a Welsh gentleman, with 10 knights and 60 archers. Dermod at once assembled his men and joined his allies. He could only muster 500 followers. But with their united forces, the outlawed king and the needy adventurers laid siege to the city of Wexford. The brave inhabitants of this mercantile town set forth at once to meet them. Fearing the result if attacked in open field by well-disciplined troops, they fired the suburbs.

10. Desmond raises his standard at Ballyhoura

    Ballyhoura · townland · Cork · 1579

    After refusing to submit to the queen's authority with a promise of pardon, the Earl of Desmond was proclaimed a traitor and went into open rebellion, setting up his standard at Ballyhoura before proceeding to Youghal.

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    In 1579, Sir W. Pelham, the new lord justice, tried to induce the Earl of Desmond to submit to the queen’s authority with a promise of pardon, and as he refused he was proclaimed a traitor and went into open rebellion, setting up his standard at Ballyhowra. He then proceeded to Youghal, where he met

    with great success.

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 223

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere around here in 1579, the Earl of Desmond raised his standard. Sir W. Pelham, the new lord justice, had tried to make him submit to the queen's authority with a promise of pardon. Desmond refused. He was proclaimed a traitor and went into open rebellion, setting up his standard at Ballyhoura. From here he proceeded to Youghal, where he met with great success.

11. Desmond's body buried at Tralee

    Tralee · town · Kerry · 1467

    After his execution at Drogheda, the body of Thomas, Earl of Desmond was conveyed to Traigh-Li (Tralee) and interred in the burial place of his predecessors and ancestors with great honour and veneration.

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    8. The Four Masters record his execution thus : — Thomas, Earl of Desmond, the son of James, son of Garrell, who had been Lord Justice of Ireland, the most illustrious of his tribe in Ireland in his time, for his comeliness and statue, for his hospitality and chivalry, his charity and humanity to the poor and the indigent of the Lord, his boun¬ teousness in bestowing jewels and riches on the laity, the clergy, and the poets, and his suppression of theft and immorality, went to Drogheda to meet the English Lord Justice and the other English of Meath. These acted treacherously by him, and without any crime [on his part] they beheaded him ; the greater number of men of Ireland were grieved at the news of it. His body was afterwards conveyed to Traigh-Li (Tialee), and interred in the burial place of his predecessors and ancestors with great( honour and veneration.”

    The Annals of Ross gives the dates of Desmond’s execution as 14th July, 1467, and say it took place the second hour after noon. According to Dowling (. Annals Irish Arch. Sac., 1849), the earl’s father was alive at the time of his execution. ITe says that Earl Thomas, “ usurping upon his father, and going to Tredaly (Drogheda), he gave him his curse, and said he shall have an ill end.” From an unpublished statute of 1464 we find that James Doheny, a merchant of Drogheda, went to England and accused the earl ot extorting coigne and livery, and of being “of counsel and support to several rebels and traitors. ”

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 133

    As the companion tells it

    Coming up on Tralee now. In 1467, this town received the body of Thomas, Earl of Desmond, after his execution at Drogheda. The Four Masters record that Thomas was the son of James, son of Garrell, and had been Lord Justice of Ireland. They call him the most illustrious of his tribe in Ireland in his time, for his comeliness and stature, for his hospitality and chivalry, his charity and humanity to the poor and indigent, his bounteousness in bestowing jewels and riches on the laity, the clergy, and the poets, and his suppression of theft and immorality. He went to Drogheda to meet the English Lord Justice and the other English of Meath. They acted treacherously by him, and without any crime on his part they beheaded him. The greater number of the men of Ireland were grieved at the news of it. The Annals of Ross give the date as the 14th of July, 1467, the second hour after noon. His body was afterwards conveyed to this town and interred in the burial place of his predecessors and ancestors with great honour and veneration. Dowling says the earl's father was alive at the time of his execution, that Earl Thomas, "usurping upon his father, and going to Tredaly, he gave him his curse, and said he shall have an ill end." An unpublished statute of 1464 records that James Doheny, a merchant of Drogheda, went to England and accused the earl of extorting coigne and livery, and of being "of counsel and support to several rebels and traitors."

12. Dingle threatened with destruction

    Dingle · town · Kerry · 1579

    Drury reported a general determination among the rebels to raze the town of Dingle lest Ormond should possess it and make it their staple. He attempted to prevent this and to surprise the town by sea.

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    “ Ytte Earl of Desmond and his brother camp within a mile of each other ; meet together in, secret resorte, as some thinke, of the principals, and noe enmitie between their people. Some of the castbls whereof the earl offered soldiers to reside for this service are since rased. There is, general determination to rase the town of Dingell, lest Ormond should possess it, and make their staple there, I do alle I can to Prevent it, and to surprise the town by sea. ’

    Sir John Desmond had encamped at Slieve Lougher, and at Gort-na- Tiobrad , now Springfield, in the county of Lime¬ rick : he defeated the W iustice, and slew three of his

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 211

    As the companion tells it

    Coming through Dingle, this town was threatened with destruction in 1579. The Earl of Desmond and his brother camped within a mile of each other, meeting in secret, with no enmity between their people. Some castles the earl offered soldiers to reside in for this service had since been razed. There was a general determination to raze the town lest Ormond should possess it and make their staple there. Drury did all he could to prevent it and to surprise the town by sea. Sir John Desmond had encamped at Slieve Lougher and at Gort-na-Tiobrad, now Springfield, in the county of Limerick. He defeated the Justice and slew three of his.

13. Earl Gerald sits as Lord of Desmond in Dublin parliament, 1559

    Dublin · city · Dublin · 1559

    The true heir, Thomas Ruagh, vainly attempted to assert his rights with the assistance of the Lord Kerry and others, but might triumphed over right. Earl Gerald sat as Lord of Desmond in a parliament held in Dublin in 1559.

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    The new earl was received with great condescension by the English king, who was anxious to keep peace in Ireland until his continental affairs were more settled. Desmond was made Lord High Treasurer of Ireland, which office he held to the end of the reign of Queen Mary ; and in July, 1 543, the Lord Deputy, St. Leger, was authorized to make him a grant, by patent, of a house and parcel of land near Dublin, for the keeping of his horses and train when he attended the parlia¬ ment or council, and for this purpose St. Mary’s Abbey was bestowed upon him. In 1550 a great court was held in Limerick, to which O’Carroll repaired, under the safe pro¬ tection of the earl, the mayor of Limerick, and the English and Irish who were present at that court. He was commis¬ sioned to continue the parliament, November 1, 1557, but he died the following year at Askeaton. He was succeeded by Gerald, his eldest son by his second wife. The true heir vainly attempted to assert his rights, but although he had the assistance of the Lord Kerry and others, might triumphed over right, and Earl Gerald sat as Lord of Desmond in a parliament held in Dublin, a.d. 1 5 59.1

    1. The exact amount of the tribute imposed upon Mac Carthy More by the Earl of Desmond has not been ascertained. Dr. O’Donovan quotes the following from the author of Carbritz Notitia, who wrote in 1686 : —

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 136

    As the companion tells it

    Dublin is where a parliament met in 1559, and where the earldom of Desmond was settled by power, not by rightful claim. Gerald had become earl after his father died at Askeaton. The previous earl was commissioned to continue the parliament on the first of November 1557, but died the following year. Gerald was his eldest son by his second wife. The true heir, Thomas Ruagh, vainly attempted to assert his rights. He had the assistance of the Lord Kerry and others. But might triumphed over right. Earl Gerald sat as Lord of Desmond in the parliament held in that city in 1559. The previous earl had been made Lord High Treasurer of Ireland, an office he held to the end of Queen Mary's reign. A house and parcel of land near the city had been granted to him for keeping his horses and train when attending parliament or council. St. Mary's Abbey was bestowed on him for that purpose. Yet the succession came down not to law but to who had the strength to hold the title.

14. Edward II charter bans strangers bearing arms in Cork

    Cork · city · Cork · 1318

    In 1318 Edward II confirmed all previous Cork charters, adding the provision that no stranger, except the king's servants, should bear arms in the city. The charter was witnessed by Roger de Mortimer, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, at Clonmel.

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    7. Smith says in 1610 the judges gave it as their opinion that in Cork, by the charter and act of parliament, the king was to have the great and petty customs of all strangers, but that the citizens were to be discharged of the great customs. All charters granting customs between the last year of Edward I. and the first of Henry VII. are void by the Act of Exemption, Jo Henry VII., with a saving of Waterford only. The above charter is confirmed by that of King Edward I., dated June 12, at Northampton, the 19th of his reign, anno. 1291, which abolishes a custom that obliged the mayors to go to Dublin to be sworn, and allows the mayor to be sworn before the old one, or before the king’s judges, if resident in Cork. Exempts the citizens from being obliged to attend on juries out of the city. Grants to the mayors and bailiffs the assize of bread, all weights and measures, with the office of clerk of the market, and all other privileges mentioned in the charter of Henry III. The witnesses to this charter are William, of Canterbury, Primate of all England ; John, Bishop of Ely ; the king’s chancellor ; John, Bishop of Norwich ; Richard, Bishop of London ; Adam de Valentia, Count de Pembroke, Humfrid de Bohun, Count de Hereford and Essex, Hugon le Despenser, Seniore Roger de Mortuomari de Wigmore, Bartholomew de Badlesmere, etc. The same charter is literally repeated with that of King Henry III., in a new charter, granted by King Edward II. the 20th of January, 1318, and the 12th of his reign; adding that no stranger, except the king’s servants, shall bear arms in the city. Witness, Roger de Mortimer, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, at Clonmel, the said date. The above charters were again confirmed by a new one of 'King Edward III., dated at Woodstock, July 15th, the 4th year of his reign, 1330, witnessed by H., Bishop of Lincoln; the king’s chancellor, John de Eltham, Earl of Clonmel ; the king’s brother, John de Warren, Earl of Surrey ; Roger de Mortuomari, Earl of March ; Oliver de Ingham, John Maltravers, the seneschal of the king’s house, and others. The same king granted to the city another charter the following year, dated at Westminster the 12th of February, reciting his having seen letters patent which Edward, late King of England, his royal father, had granted to this city at the instance of Roger Mortimer, Earl of March, then Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, which letters patent, etc., he now confirms to the citizens afore¬ said. Witnesses the same as before.

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 146

    As the companion tells it

    Coming through Cork, you are in a city whose charters reach back centuries. In 1318, on the 20th of January, Edward II granted a new charter to the city, repeating the old one of Henry III, and adding one provision: no stranger, except the king's servants, shall bear arms in the city. The charter was witnessed by Roger de Mortimer, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, at Clonmel. Before that, Edward I had confirmed Cork's charters on the 12th of June, 1291, at Northampton, in the 19th year of his reign. That charter abolished a custom that obliged Cork's mayors to travel to Dublin to be sworn in, allowing them instead to be sworn before the old mayor, or before the king's judges if resident in Cork. It exempted the citizens from attending juries outside the city, and granted the mayors and bailiffs the assize of bread, all weights and measures, and the office of clerk of the market. After Edward II's charter, Edward III confirmed the city's charters again on the 15th of July, 1330, at Woodstock, in the 4th year of his reign. The following year, the 12th of February, the same king granted another charter at Westminster, confirming letters patent that his father had granted at the instance of Roger Mortimer, Earl of March, then Lord Lieutenant of Ireland.

15. Excursion to Aghadoe from Cork, 1178

    Aghadoe · parish · Kerry · 1178

    A party from the besieging forces at Cork made an excursion to Aghadoe, where they remained two days and two nights before returning to Cork. They then went towards Waterford but the Irish gathered against them at the hill of Lismore.

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    “ A. I). 1 1 78. Corke was plundered by the grandson of Donnell, who was the grandson of Carthach, and the Green Galls. Corke was besieged by Milo Cogan and Fitz Stephen. A party of their people made an excursion to Aghadoe, where they remained two days and two nights, and then returned again to Cork. After this they went towards Waterford, but the Irish gathered against them at the hill of Lismore, and nearly killed them all.”

    Dr. O’Brien, in his History of the House of O'Briens , published by Yallancey, in his own name, in the first volume of the Collectanea de Rebus Hibernicus , thus very correctly paraphrases this passage : —

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 110

    As the companion tells it

    This is the parish of Aghadoe. In 1178, Cork was plundered by the grandson of Donnell, who was himself grandson of Carthach, along with the Green Galls. Cork was then besieged by Milo Cogan and Fitz Stephen. A party of their people made an excursion here, to Aghadoe, where they remained two days and two nights, and then returned again to Cork. After this they went towards Waterford, but the Irish gathered against them at the hill of Lismore, and nearly killed them all.

16. French ships anchored from Bere Island to Sheep's Head

    near Bear Island · island or archipelago · Cork · 1797

    On 2 January 1797 thirteen French ships were at anchor across the mouth of Bantry Bay from Bere Island to Sheep's Head, with additional ships south-west of Whiddy Island and one a league from Bantry. A council of war had decided for landing but the fleet departed.

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    , “ On the 2nd of January there were thirteen ships at anchor across the mouth of the bay from Beer Island to Sheep Head, of which two were line-of-battle ships, six other ships lay south-west of the island of Whiddy, and one a league from Bantry. At about two o’clock in the day a brig having worked up the bay from the principal fleet, made a signal to those ships, which was returned by a shot from one of them. They then set fire to a prize which they had taken, and five of them weighed anchor, and sailed down the bay, leaving the ships of the line behind them, which appeared to be disabled. On the 3rd none of the ships were visible, except these last mentioned vessels. Previous to their leaving the bay a council of war was held, and the troops had decided for landing, under the guidance of some Irishmen, who were with them, but La Fraternite, the admiral’s ship, being still missing, and General Hoche being on board, they resolved to put to sea. On the 1 5th Paris papers were received, which announced the total failure of this expedition. The greatest loyalty was exhibited by the country people on this occasion. They received the troops who marched to Bantry in the kindest manner, sharing their provisions with them. In their absence the loyal Cork Legion and Cork Volunteers mounted their different guards in the city of Cork.”

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 324

    As the companion tells it

    Bear Island in Cork sits near the mouth of Bantry Bay, and in January 1797 it witnessed the close approach of a French fleet. On the 2nd of January thirteen ships lay at anchor across the mouth of the bay from Bere Island to Sheep's Head. Two were line-of-battle ships. Six more lay south-west of Whiddy Island, and one a league from Bantry. At about two o'clock a brig worked up the bay from the principal fleet and made a signal to those ships, which was returned by a shot from one of them. They then set fire to a prize they had taken, and five weighed anchor and sailed down the bay, leaving the ships of the line behind, which appeared to be disabled. On the 3rd none were visible except those last vessels. Before leaving, a council of war had been held. The troops decided for landing, guided by Irishmen who were with them. But La Fraternite, the admiral's ship, was still missing, and General Hoche was on board her, so they resolved to put to sea. On the 15th Paris papers were received announcing the total failure of the expedition. The country people showed the greatest loyalty. They received the troops who marched to Bantry in the kindest manner, sharing their provisions. In their absence the Cork Legion and Cork Volunteers mounted their guards in the city of Cork.

17. Knights of St. John Abbey at George's Quay

    Cork · city · Cork

    Farther east beyond the Red Abbey, where George's Quay now runs and what was then called the 'Red Abbey Marsh,' stood the Church and Abbey of the Knights of St. John of Jerusalem in Cork.

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    Mortimer, Earl of March. The abbey, however, had recently been £ suppressed,’ and the image of St. Dominick burned at the high cross of Cork. But popular feeling was too strong for arbitrary power. At the date of which I speak (the close of Elizabeth’s reign), the Friar’s Preachers were still in their old home ; and they held it for nearly a century afterwaids. Near this was ‘ ‘the fort of Cork, lately built to overawe the citizen,’ of which I shall have more to tell bye-and-bye. Farther east in the southern suburb stood the Augustinian Abbey — the £ Red Abbey’ — of which I spoke just now, whose tower still stands in Cumberland street. It is still called the £ Red Abbey.’ Still farther east, where now runs George’squay, then called the £ Red Abbey Marsh, were the Church and Abbey of the Knights of St. John of Jerusalem.

    ££ In the north-west suburb, on the North Mall, where North Abbey-square now stands, was the North Abbey. It was, as you see, actually within arrow-shot of the city walls and North Gate fort. In Elizabeth’s time it also was suppressed. Its rich possessions had been granted to the Skiddys. But there also the Friars somehow kept their ground. Farther on to the east, where St. Mary’s Church now stands, was Shandon Castle. It was perched on the verge of a precipice, over¬ hanging the river. The adjacent lane is still sometimes known as Shandon Castle-lane. There the Barrys once kept splendid state. There also the Judges of Assize held courts of gaol delivery. Nearly at its foot, just where the Kiln river meets the Lee, was the hamlet of Dungarvan. Close by, where Daly’s distillery now stands, was, at the time of which I speak, the Benedictine Convent of St. John. The place is still called John-street. In 1296 the ‘Convent Question’ was raised about the founding of this convent. Edward I., by royal writ, referred to the Chief Justice of Ireland whether a convent should be established here. The Chief Justice reported that such an institution would be ad communem commodum et communem utilitatem totius patriot, and so the convent was founded and flourished for centuries.

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 272

    As the companion tells it

    Cork holds the ground where the Church and Abbey of the Knights of St. John of Jerusalem once stood. They lay farther east beyond the Red Abbey, in what was then called the Red Abbey Marsh. George's Quay now runs through that place. The passage tells us little more of this house than where it stood. The Red Abbey nearby was an Augustinian house whose tower still stands in Cumberland Street. It was suppressed in Elizabeth's time, and the image of St. Dominick was burned at the high cross of Cork. Yet the Friars Preachers held their old home for nearly a century afterwards.

18. Lord Muskerry bribes Lord Broghill

    near Muskerry · street · Cork · 1650

    Lord Muskerry escaped the general fate of Irish landowners by bribing Lord Broghill with £1,000 a year, while Lord Kinsale got off principally because his property was hardly worth seizing.

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    worth seizing, and Lord Muskery bribed Lord Brogkill with ,£1,000 a year. Thus was unhappy Ireland once more the scene of no ordinary spoilation and robbery.

    How little these new settlers thought of the injustice they committed, or of the probability that the precedent might be followed, to the terrible disadvantage of their own children, in another generation.

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere about Muskerry, in 1650, Lord Muskerry bribed Lord Broghill with 1,000 pounds a year to escape the fate of other Irish landowners. Lord Kinsale got off because his property was hardly worth seizing. "Unhappy Ireland" became "the scene of no ordinary spoilation and robbery." The settlers gave little thought to the injustice, or that the precedent might be followed against their own children.

19. Lord of Lixnaw killing at his own door

    Lixnaw · town · Kerry

    Years after the earl's death, the Lord of Lixnaw killed someone at his own door. O'Kelly also came to an untimely end after obtaining a pension from the queen but turning to highway robbery in England.

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    years after the earl’s death by the “ Lord of Lixnaw,” at his own door. O’Kelly also came to an untimely end. He obtained a pension from the queen of lands to the value of jf 20 per annum, but he took to highway robbery in England, and, notwithstanding the mediation and influence of the Earl of Ormond, he was hanged for it. The vacillations which marked the career of the Earl of Desmond, have been accounted for by his fear that James Desmond would claim his title and property if he succeeded in expelling the English from

    Munster.

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 233

    As the companion tells it

    Lixnaw in Kerry. Years after the earl's death, the Lord of Lixnaw killed a man at his own door. O'Kelly came to an untimely end as well. He had obtained a pension from the queen of lands to the value of 20 per annum, but he took to highway robbery in England. Notwithstanding the mediation and influence of the Earl of Ormond, he was hanged for it.

20. Maltby reports Desmond support from Kilmallock

    Kilmallock · town · Limerick · 1579

    Sir Nicholas Maltby wrote from Kilmallock on 3 September 1579 that the Earl of Desmond had not three men of the county willing to follow him, and that all had followed Sir John of Desmond instead. This was presented as a clear statement of popular opinion in the area.

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    On the 3rd September, 1579, Sir Nicholas Maltby wrote from Kilmallock that the earl had not three men of the county who would follow him, besides his household, and that all had followed Sir John-a clear and certainly unprejudiced state¬ ment of the state of popular opinion. That help from abroad was confidently expected is evident from many sources, but we doubt if Dr. Saunders staked his head on the probability of its arrival, as we find stated in the following letter. It

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 214

    As the companion tells it

    Kilmallock is the town on your road. On the 3rd of September, 1579, Sir Nicholas Maltby wrote from here that the Earl of Desmond had not three men of the county who would follow him, besides his own household. He said all had followed Sir John of Desmond instead. It was, in the book's words, "a clear and certainly unprejudiced statement of the state of popular opinion."

21. Marine shells in drift gravels across Cork

    Midleton · town · Cork

    Gravels containing fragments of sea shells and oysters have been found in the glacial drift of County Cork by Mr. F. M. Jennings and Mr. A. B. Wynne. These deposits occur near Cork, New Glanmire, Midleton, Ballinacurra, Castlemartyr, and Youghal, among other places.

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    just north of Cork, near New Glanmire, near Midleton, and beyond Ballinacurra, near Castlemartyr, near Youghal, and m man3' other places. These gravels often contain an ad¬ mixture of far transported materials, such as we do not find in the boulder clay, fragments of sea shells, oysters, etc., have 066H found in tins drift m this county by Mr. F. M. Jennino’s and by Mr. A. B. Wynne. In other parts of Ireland a con¬ siderable number of marine shells have been obtained in this formation. Mr. Du Noyer found gravel and sand at the height of 2,050 feet on Mullaghanish. Mountain, nine miles N.AV. by W. of Maeroom, giving evidence of the great depth of the submergence in the sea (there is evidence of a similar subsidence in north Wales). In some places, but not yet in Ireland, Arctic shells have been found in these gravels. It seems to have been chiefly during the latter part of this sub¬ mergence that the far- transported boulders were carried about, these are often found lying on mounds of gravel and sand; which circumstances proves that they were left there after the submergence had begun, and also that they must have been borne thither by floating ice. Any rush of water strong enough to leave, often very large, blocks on a mound of gravel, would have swept away the gravel before moving the block. A great many blocks of Galway granite have been found in many parts of this county, as far south as four miles north of Carrigtohill, near Midleton. Chalk flints may be found on the east side of Youghal Bay, not only on the shore but in the cliffs of drift, also in Ballycotton Bay. They have been found also on the shore of Inisherkin and Inishodriscol and the N.E. part of Roaring Water Bay. Mr. Wyley, who found them there, thought they might possibly have been brought by vessels in ballast. The nearest chalk with flints that we know of is in Antrim, in N.E. Ireland.

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 367

    As the companion tells it

    Near Midleton, the gravels of the glacial drift hold something unexpected: fragments of sea shells and oysters. These were found in County Cork by Mr. F. M. Jennings and Mr. A. B. Wynne. The same deposits appear just north of Cork, near New Glanmire, beyond Ballinacurra, near Castlemartyr, near Youghal, and many other places across the county. These gravels contain far-transported materials of a kind not found in the boulder clay. In other parts of Ireland, a considerable number of marine shells have been recovered from this formation. Mr. Du Noyer found gravel and sand at a height of 2,050 feet on Mullaghanish Mountain, nine miles north-west by west of Macroom, evidence of how deep the sea once covered the land. There is evidence of a similar subsidence in north Wales. In some places, but not yet in Ireland, Arctic shells have been found in these gravels. It seems to have been chiefly during the latter part of this submergence that far-transported boulders were carried about. They are often found lying on mounds of gravel and sand, which proves they were left there after the submergence had begun, and must have been borne by floating ice. Any rush of water strong enough to leave large blocks on a mound of gravel would have swept away the gravel before moving the block. Blocks of Galway granite have been found in many parts of this county, as far south as four miles north of Carrigtohill. Chalk flints appear on the east side of Youghal Bay, on the shore and in the cliffs of drift, also in Ballycotton Bay. They have been found on the shore of Inisherkin and Inishodriscol and the north-east part of Roaring Water Bay. Mr. Wyley, who found them there, thought they might have been brought by vessels in ballast. The nearest chalk with flints is in Antrim, in north-east Ireland.

22. Mortuary fees levied on Catholics in Abbeystrowry

    Abbeystrowry · townland · Cork

    Bishop Downes records that in Abbeystrowry parish, the Protestant rector or vicar demanded mortuary fees from Catholic families at death: 13s. 4d. if the deceased was worth £5, or the second-best suit of clothes (or 6s. 8d.) if worth less. This illustrates the religious intolerance imposed on Catholics.

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    “ In the parish of Ardnageehy, David Terry, Papist, gives the seventh part of his milk to the poor. In Abbeystrowry, the rector or vicar usually demands, besides his burying fees, when the man of the family or widow dies worth /5, the sum of 13s. 4d. as a mortuary ; if the man dies worth less than £$, they demand his second-best suit of clothes, or 6s. 8d. in lieu thereof.

    “In Dromdaleague parish, Felix M‘ Car thy is priest; he was here before the late troubles. A Protestant schoolmaster com¬ plains that Papists teach publick school in this parish. In Caharagh parish ’tis thought that there are forty Papists for one Protestant. William Guricheen, a very old man, is priest there. In Cannaway parish — no church, no Protestants — there are the ruins of a house in the churchyard ; there is a vault whole ; the priest built an altar in it about a year ago, when some person of note was buried. Denis Sweeny is Popish priest of this parish and Macroom.”

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 312

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere close to Abbeystrowry, Bishop Downes recorded what Catholic families faced when someone died. The Protestant rector or vicar here demanded mortuary fees on top of the ordinary burying fees. When a man of the family or a widow died worth 5 pounds, he took 13 shillings and 4 pence from them. If the deceased was worth less than 5 pounds, he demanded their second-best suit of clothes, or 6 shillings and 8 pence in its place. In neighbouring Ardnageehy, he noted that David Terry, a Catholic, gave the seventh part of his milk to the poor. In Dromdaleague, Felix McCarthy was priest, having been there before the late troubles, and a Protestant schoolmaster complained that Catholics were teaching public school in the parish. In Caharagh, it was thought there were 40 Catholics for every one Protestant, and William Guricheen, a very old man, was priest there.

23. Mourning for Queen Caroline across Cork's four churches

    Cork · city · Cork · 1737

    In December 1737 the Cork corporation ordered the mayor's galleries of the four churches to be covered with black cloth, and the silver oar, sergeant's mace, and sword covered with cypress, as mourning for Queen Caroline.

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    “ 5 December, , 1 73 7— Ordered that Alderman Austen do cover the mayor s galleries of the four churches with black coth not exceeding five shillings and six pence per yard and the silver oar and sergeant’s mace be covered with cypress, as also the sword ; this is to be done against next Sunday, as mourning for her majesty Queen Caroline.

    1 September, 1738.— Ordered that the sum of nineteen pounds ten shillings be paid by the chamberlain of this citty

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 414

    As the companion tells it

    On 5 December 1737 Cork mourned Queen Caroline. The corporation ordered Alderman Austen to cover the mayor's galleries of the four churches with black cloth, at no more than five shillings and six pence a yard. The silver oar, the sergeant's mace, and the sword were to be covered with cypress, as mourning for her majesty. All was to be ready by Sunday.

24. No Papists allowed within Bandon walls

    Bandon · town · Cork · 1690–1699

    At the close of the seventeenth century no Catholics were permitted to live within the walls of Bandon. The Earl of Cork's leases obliged all tenants not to admit Papists.

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    “ St. Faughnan is the patron saint of this parish. Not far from Bantry, by the sea side, are the ruins of an abbey which belonged to the Franciscans. I don't hear that there are any other religious houses besides this in the barony of Beere and Bantry ; Humphrey Sullivan is Popish priest of this parish, and of Kilcroghau ; he has been here about twelve years. A the inhabitants are Papists. No papists are allowed to live within the walls of Bandon. The Earl of Cork, m his leases,

    1-1 Tnrlr in t6qq and wrote a very interesting account of

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa

    As the companion tells it

    Bandon is a town the road passes through. At the close of the seventeenth century, no Catholics were permitted to live within its walls. The Earl of Cork's leases obliged all tenants not to admit Papists. So the town was closed to them by the terms of their own tenancies, written into the leases by the landlord who owned the place.

25. O'Keeffe attainders after the 1641 civil war

    Dromagh · townland · Cork · 1641–1652

    Confiscations following the Desmond war and the 1641 civil war greatly despoiled the O'Keeffe family. The attainders on the latter occasion included Cornelius Oge O'Keeffe of Cullin, Keeffe-O'Keeffe of Kilcoleman, and Donogh son of Daniel O'Keeffe and Donogh O'Keeffe Oge, both described as of Dromagh.

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    In 1619 he had a further grant of the manor, castle, and mill of Dunbullog, with various townlands, the advowson o± the vicarage, and liberty to impark 200 acres, to create tenures, hold courts leet and baron, enjoy all waifs and strays etc. The confiscations consequent upon the Desmond war, and those resulting from the civil war of 1641, greatly despoiled this family ° The attainders on the latter occasion mcludes the names of four of the sept, viz., Cornelius Oge 0 Keeffe, of Cullin ; Keeffe-O’Keeffe, of Kilcoleman ; Donogh, son of Daniel O’Keeffe, and Donogh O’Keeffe Oge, the two last being described

    as of Dromagh.

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 440

    As the companion tells it

    Close to Dromagh, the O'Keeffe family lost much of what they had held. In 1619 one of them had received a grant of the manor, castle, and mill of Dunbullog, with various lands, the advowson of the vicarage, and liberty to impark 200 acres, to create tenures, hold courts leet and baron, and enjoy all waifs and strays. But the confiscations after the Desmond war, and those resulting from the civil war of 1641, greatly despoiled the family. The attainders on the latter occasion included four of the sept: Cornelius Oge O'Keeffe of Cullin, Keeffe-O'Keeffe of Kilcoleman, Donogh son of Daniel O'Keeffe, and Donogh O'Keeffe Oge, the two last described as of Dromagh.

26. Pilgrim composes verses departing from Bangor abbey

    near Bangor · town · Down · 926

    In 926 Celedubhaill, son of Scannal, went on a pilgrimage to Rome from the abbey at Bangor, composing devotional quatrains at his departure. The verses demonstrate that Norse raids had not diminished Irish devotion or literary culture.

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    In the same year Celedubhaill, son of Scannal, went on a pilgrimage to Rome from the abbey at Bangor, and he com¬ posed these quatrains at his departure, which show that the raids of the Northmen, terrible as they were, had neither lessened the devotion nor the literary taste of the Irish : —

    “ Time for me to prepare to pass from the shelter of a habitation,

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 62

    As the companion tells it

    Bangor was an abbey town. In 926 Celedubhaill, son of Scannal, left its abbey on pilgrimage to Rome. At his departure he composed quatrains, beginning, "Time for me to prepare to pass from the shelter of a habitation." They show that the Norse raids, terrible as they were, had not lessened Irish devotion or literary taste.

27. Plundering of Cloyne, Rosscarbery and Kenmare in 836

    Cloyne · town · Cork · 836

    In 836, Cloyne, Ros-Ailithir (Rosscarbery), and Kenmare were all plundered by the Danes, part of frequent and persistent raids across the south of Ireland.

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    In 836 C ena,in- M or (Cloy no), Ros-Ailithir , and Cenn-mare (Kenmare) were all plundered. Indeed, places were plundered so frequently and persistently by each succeded raid, that one wonders how anything could have been left to take away.

    The Danes were divided into two parties, the Black Gentiles ( Dnbhgaill), and the Finngall , or White Gentiles. The White or Azure Gentiles were Norwegians, and their power was considerably broken after the death of Turgesius.

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 60

    As the companion tells it

    The road brings you near Cloyne, a town with an old wound. In 836 it was plundered, along with Rosscarbery and Kenmare. The Danes came again and again, raiding so frequently that the record itself asks how anything could have been left to take away. The Danes were split into two parties, the Black Gentiles and the White Gentiles, who were Norwegians. The White Gentiles' power was broken after the death of Turgesius.

28. Raids on Cork after the Battle of Clontarf

    Cork · city · Cork

    After the Battle of Clontarf, raids were carried out on Cork. The Cork men had specific places assigned to them in the battle of Clontarf.

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    Doubtful conversion of the Danes to Christianity — Sketch of the general state of Ireland at this period — Brian Boroimhe and his brother Mahoun ( Mathgamham) Brian will have nothing to do with the “Grim Black Gentiles”— The Eoghanists ally themselves with the Danes — Quarrels between the Eoghanists and the Dalcassians The result The treacherous murder of Mahoun in the Co. Cork — Different accounts of this event He places himself under the protection of the Bishop of Cork, who is unable to avert the crime— The Bishop “ maledicts ” all who were concerned— Desecration of the “Gospel of St. Barri” — The site of the murder in the Macroom Mountains The conspiracy by Ivor, the Danish King of Limerick, Donovan, and Molloy The Bishop remains at R ait hen Mor , near Fermoy— One site of the murder at Kilflyn, another shown in the Mushera Mountains— Molloy is cursed for his treachery Brian Boroimhe s vengeance — Elegy on Mahoun’s death, supposed to have been spoken by him Brian revenges his brother’s murder — The battle of Glen-Mama , and its results The sub¬ jugation of the Danes — What led to the battle of Clontarf Brian s marriage with Gormley — Her character — A scene at the palace of Kincora — The war begins in earnest — The battle of Clontarf — The places of the Cork men — Raids on Cork after this battle.

    ^ he year 948 has been assigned as the date of the conversion of the Danes to Christianity ; but if conversion is to be tested by deeds, the less said on the subject the better. Plundering and .burning went on as usual, while the unhappy divisions of the Irish prevented any effectual resistance to the oppressor.

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 65

    As the companion tells it

    Cork lies along the road ahead. This city's story reaches back to the time of Brian Boroimhe and his brother Mahoun. The Danes had nominally converted to Christianity by the year 948, but plundering and burning went on as usual, while divisions among the Irish prevented any effective resistance. Brian would have nothing to do with what the source calls the Grim Black Gentiles. The Eoghanists allied themselves with the Danes, and quarrels broke out between the Eoghanists and the Dalcassians. The result was the treacherous murder of Mahoun in County Cork. Mahoun placed himself under the protection of the Bishop of Cork, but the Bishop was unable to avert the crime. He, as the text puts it, maledicts all who were concerned. The Gospel of St. Barri was desecrated. The conspiracy involved Ivor, the Danish King of Limerick, Donovan, and Molloy. The Bishop remained at Raithen Mor, near Fermoy. Sites of the murder are shown at Kilflyn and in the Mushera Mountains. Molloy was cursed for his treachery. Brian revenged his brother at the battle of Glen-Mama, which led to the subjugation of the Danes. Then came the battle of Clontarf. The Cork men had specific places assigned to them in that battle. After Clontarf, raids were carried out on Cork.

29. Rattoo round tower and the reed analogy

    Rattoo · townland · Kerry

    A writer describes standing on the ancient causeway opposite the round tower at Rattoo in Kerry, struck by how the term 'cuilc' (reed) applies both to the tower and to the tall reeds lining the banks of the Brick and the canal near its base.

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    explain the origin of the name, he further adds, “There is growing in the bogs and rivers of Ireland a large kind of cuilc, or reed, with a conical head, which in form and shape resemble the lines of the round tower, and which, I am sure, was originally taken as the model for it.” The writer in the trans¬ actions of the Kilkenny Archaeological Society, already referred to, also states, “ I was never more struck with the poetic application of this term to our round towers than at Ratto in Kerry, when I stood on the ancient causeway opposite the tower, and heard the same name applied to the tall, slender, symmetrical pillar, with its perfect conical spire, as to the tall, graceful reeds, with their spiral feathered caps, which lined the banks of the Brick and the canal, which runs up nearly to the base of the tower.

    In the “Book of Rights,” page 87, Cluain-uamha is mentioned as one of the royal residences of the kings of Cashel, and sub¬ sequently is added : —

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 423

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere close to Rattoo in Kerry, a round tower stands near an ancient causeway. One writer explained that a large kind of cuilc, or reed, grows in the bogs and rivers of Ireland, with a conical head that in form and shape resembles the lines of the round tower, and which he was sure was originally taken as the model for it. A writer in the transactions of the Kilkenny Archaeological Society described standing on the ancient causeway opposite the tower at Rattoo, struck by the poetic application of the term cuilc. The same name was given to the tall, slender, symmetrical pillar with its perfect conical spire, as to the tall, graceful reeds with their spiral feathered caps lining the banks of the Brick and the canal that runs up nearly to the base of the tower. He said he was never more struck by this than at that moment.

30. Round Tower of Cloyne construction details

    Cloyne · town · Cork

    The round tower at Cloyne is built of reddish-coloured local sandstone in good preservation, with finely chiselled masonry at the doorway. Wilkinson noted that the stonework was so carefully executed that only a file could reproduce such precision in modern times.

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    Wilkinson, treating of the “ Ancient Architecture of Ireland,” p. 1 71, states that “the material of this tower is reddish coloured sandstone of the country, in good preservation. Much of it is very carefully worked to the curvature of the tower with a chisel-pointed hammer; the masonry of the doorway is put together in a laboured manner, and finely chiselled, each stone being apparently worked as it was required. The stones are flat-bedded, and of considerable size and, subsequently he adds, “ that the masonry of the doorway is so carefully put together, that a file alone would produce such careful work in the present day.”

    In a paper read twelve years ago before the Kilkenny Archaeological Society (new series, i.e., 265), we find it stated that “ the round tower at Cloyne is locally known by the Irish - speaking people as Grolcach, and the same term is locally applied" to Ardmore ; at Kineth, and at Ratto, in Kerry. Within the past few days this statement has been confirmed and further illustrated by the Rev. Richard Smicldy, in his interesting work on the “ Druids, etc., of Ireland. At page 199 he writes, “ the universal popular name of the round tower in Munster, Connaught, and the other Irish-speaking parts of Ireland is Cuilceach, or Culciheace ; this name is from cuile ‘ a reed,’ and theach ‘ a house,’ that is the reed-house, or reed¬ shaped structure ; thus the people have always said, with con¬ stant unerring accuracy, when speaking of these structures, Cuilceach Clinna, ‘the round tower of Cloyne; Cuilceach Colmain, ‘ the round tower of St. Colman ;’ Cuilceach Deaglam, ‘ the round tower of St. Deelon,’ at Lismore, and so on. To

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa

    As the companion tells it

    The town of Cloyne in Cork holds a round tower that has stood for centuries, built of the reddish sandstone found in this part of the country. The stone is in good preservation. Much of it was worked with a chisel-pointed hammer, shaped to follow the curvature of the tower. The masonry of the doorway is finely chiselled, each stone apparently worked as it was required. The stones are flat-bedded and of considerable size. Wilkinson, writing on the ancient architecture of Ireland, said of that doorway that the masonry is so carefully put together that a file alone would produce such careful work in the present day. The tower is known among Irish-speaking people as the Cuilceach, a name from cuile, meaning a reed, and theach, meaning a house, the reed-house or reed-shaped structure. The same term is applied to round towers at Ardmore, at Kineth, and at Ratto in Kerry. The Reverend Richard Smicldy, in his work on the Druids of Ireland, wrote that the universal popular name of the round tower in Munster, Connaught, and the other Irish-speaking parts of Ireland is Cuilceach. The people have always said, when speaking of these structures, Cuilceach Clinna, the round tower of Cloyne, and Cuilceach Colmain, the round tower of Saint Colman, and Cuilceach Deaglam, the round tower of Saint Deelon at Lismore.

31. Sergeant Christy's hundred-mile walk to Glanmire bridge

    near Glanmire · town · Cork · 1779

    On June 4, 1779, Sergeant Christy of the 81st Regiment arrived at Glanmire bridge after completing a journey of one hundred miles on foot in twenty-four hours. The feat was recorded as a notable event in the Cork area.

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    “ jUne 4, 1 779. — This morning, about nine 0 clock, Sergeant Christy, of the 81st Regiment, arrived at Glanmire bridge, after performing on foot a journey of one hundred miles in twenty-four hours.

    398

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 319

    As the companion tells it

    As you pass through Glanmire, there is a bridge here with a curious record. On June 4, 1779, about nine o'clock in the morning, Sergeant Christy of the 81st Regiment arrived at Glanmire bridge, after performing on foot a journey of one hundred miles in twenty-four hours.

32. Shandon Castle on precipice over the Lee

    near Shandon · locality · Cork

    Shandon Castle stood where St. Mary's Church now stands, perched on the verge of a precipice overhanging the river. The Barrys once kept splendid state there, and the Judges of Assize held courts of gaol delivery. The adjacent lane was still known as Shandon Castle-lane.

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    ££ In the north-west suburb, on the North Mall, where North Abbey-square now stands, was the North Abbey. It was, as you see, actually within arrow-shot of the city walls and North Gate fort. In Elizabeth’s time it also was suppressed. Its rich possessions had been granted to the Skiddys. But there also the Friars somehow kept their ground. Farther on to the east, where St. Mary’s Church now stands, was Shandon Castle. It was perched on the verge of a precipice, over¬ hanging the river. The adjacent lane is still sometimes known as Shandon Castle-lane. There the Barrys once kept splendid state. There also the Judges of Assize held courts of gaol delivery. Nearly at its foot, just where the Kiln river meets the Lee, was the hamlet of Dungarvan. Close by, where Daly’s distillery now stands, was, at the time of which I speak, the Benedictine Convent of St. John. The place is still called John-street. In 1296 the ‘Convent Question’ was raised about the founding of this convent. Edward I., by royal writ, referred to the Chief Justice of Ireland whether a convent should be established here. The Chief Justice reported that such an institution would be ad communem commodum et communem utilitatem totius patriot, and so the convent was founded and flourished for centuries.

    £ £ How did the Cork folk live in the sixteenth century ? They

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 272

    As the companion tells it

    As you come through Shandon, where St. Mary's Church now stands, Shandon Castle once stood, perched on the verge of a precipice overhanging the river. The adjacent lane is still sometimes known as Shandon Castle-lane. The Barrys once kept splendid state there. The Judges of Assize also held courts of gaol delivery within its walls. Nearby, on the North Mall where North Abbey-square now stands, was the North Abbey, actually within arrow-shot of the city walls and North Gate fort. In Elizabeth's time it was suppressed, and its rich possessions were granted to the Skiddys, though the Friars somehow kept their ground there. Nearly at the foot of the castle, just where the Kiln river meets the Lee, was the hamlet of Dungarvan. Close by, where Daly's distillery now stands, was the Benedictine Convent of St. John. The place is still called John-street. In 1296 the Convent Question was raised about founding this convent. Edward I, by royal writ, referred the matter to the Chief Justice of Ireland, asking whether a convent should be established here. The Chief Justice reported that such an institution would be, in his words, ad communem commodum et communem utilitatem totius patriae. The convent was founded and flourished for centuries.

33. Siege of Loch Gur by Geraldines

    near Lough Gur · lake or lakes · Limerick · 1516

    In 1516, when the Geraldines went to war with each other, James, Earl of Desmond laid siege to Loch Gur and was assisted by the MacCarthys in this internal feud.

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    The country was not very likely to be “quieted” while there were Mac Carthys and Desmonds to keep up the feud. I11 1521 James, Earl of Desmond, began to “ravage and lay waste ” the barony of Muskery, the territory of Connor Oge Mac Carthy. Yet, in 1516, when the Geraldines went to war with each other, and James laid siege to Loch Gur, he was assisted by the Mac Carthys, and the Four Masters call

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 134

    As the companion tells it

    Lough Gur in County Limerick. In 1516 the Geraldines went to war with each other. James, Earl of Desmond, laid siege to Loch Gur, and the MacCarthys assisted him in the feud. The country was not likely to be, in the source's words, "quieted" while there were MacCarthys and Desmonds to keep it up. Alliances shifted. Five years later the same James would ravage the barony of Muskery, the territory of Connor Oge MacCarthy.

34. Sir Thomas Southwell sentenced to hang in Galway

    Galway · city · Galway · 1689

    Sir Thomas Southwell and other gentlemen marched from County Cork to Galway to escape the troubles, but found worse there. Sir Thomas was sentenced to be hanged upon arrival.

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    Sir Thomas Southwell and some other gentlemen marched to Galway, but in trying to escape the troubles of the county Cork found worse where they went, for Sir Thomas was sen¬ tenced to be hanged.5

    Joseph Pike, a member of the Society of Friends, has given an interesting account of the siege of Bandon. He says : —

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 302

    As the companion tells it

    As the road carries you through Galway, in 1689 this city was the end of a desperate march. Sir Thomas Southwell and other gentlemen came here from County Cork to escape the troubles, but found worse where they went. Sir Thomas was sentenced to be hanged upon arrival.

35. Sir Walter Raleigh seized of Youghal Franciscan friary

    Youghal · town · Cork · 1604

    An inquisition taken on 1st March 1604 found that Sir Walter Raleigh was seized in fee of the Franciscan friary at Youghal and all its possessions, spiritual and temporal, including lands across several counties.

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    cc j £42, 3rd August. — The Lord Deputy ctnd Council agreed that a commission should issue to James, fifteenth, earl of Desmond, and others, to take inventories for the king s use ol all the religious houses in the counties of Limerick, Cork, Kerry, and °Desmond, to dissolve the said houses, .. and put them into safe custody. (Smith’s Hist . Cork , vol. ii.. p. 40.) When the Franciscan brethren were removed from their house they withdrew to Curraheen, county Waterford, three quarters of a mile from Aglish, and. about eight from Youghal, a lonely and retired spot among the mountains, where they were pro¬ tected and re-established by the Fitzgeralds of Dromana. At Curraheen they erected a new friary. Inquisition taken -1 st March 1604, finds that Sir Walter Raleigh, Bart.,, was seized in fee of this friary and of all its possessions, spintua and temporal. This friary had ten acres of land of the small measure, with the chapel of St. Anne, near Youghal with an acre of land. The townlands of Ratknowlane, Knoeknaorippaghe, and Curraghmoneoore, in said county, containing one1 carucate and a half ; townlancl of Balling, m said county ; Liscarroll, three quarters of a small carucate ; m county Mayo, Knockfarrin, near Ballinrobe, half a quarter; m county Waterford, the great burgage of Lismore, half a carucate , m

    36-2 ..

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 447

    As the companion tells it

    The road takes you through or near Youghal, a town with a Franciscan story tied to Sir Walter Raleigh. A commission went out to James, the fifteenth earl of Desmond, and others, to take inventories for the king's use of all the religious houses in the counties of Limerick, Cork, Kerry, and Desmond, to dissolve those houses and put them into safe custody. When the Franciscan brethren were removed from their house at Youghal, they withdrew to Curraheen in county Waterford, three quarters of a mile from Aglish and about eight from Youghal. It was a lonely and retired spot among the mountains, and there they were protected and re-established by the Fitzgeralds of Dromana. At Curraheen they erected a new friary. An inquisition taken on 1st March 1604 found that Sir Walter Raleigh, Bart., was seized in fee of this friary and of all its possessions, spiritual and temporal. The friary had ten acres of land of the small measure, with the chapel of St. Anne near Youghal, with an acre of land. Its holdings spread wide: the townlands of Ratknowlane, Knocknaorippaghe, and Curraghmoneoore, containing one carucate and a half; the townland of Balling; Liscarroll, three quarters of a small carucate; in county Mayo, Knockfarrin near Ballinrobe, half a quarter; in county Waterford, the great burgage of Lismore, half a carucate.

36. St. Fachtna and the O'Driscolls: twenty-seven bishops of Ross

    Ross Carbery · town · Cork · 500–599

    St. Fachtna belonged to the family of the O'Driscolls, who were warm supporters of the monastic institutions he founded in their territory. An ancient quatrain in the Book of Lecan records that twenty-seven bishops of his tribe ruled the diocese of Ross.

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    is thus given in the Sanctilogium Genealogium : t£ Fachtna, the son of Maonaigh, the son of Cairill, the son of Fiaehna, and descended from Lughad, son of Ith. His brothers, Cassan and Cailcin, also bear the title of saint.1 St. Fachtna belonged to the family of the O’Driscolls, who were warm supporters of the monastic institutions which he founded in their territory. An ancient quatrain found in the Book of Lecan says that twenty-seven bishops of his tribe ruled this diocese.

    “ Seven-and-twenty bishops nobly Occupied Ross, of the truly fertile lands,

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 83

    As the companion tells it

    Ross Carbery has an old monastic story. St. Fachtna was the son of Maonaigh, the son of Cairill, the son of Fiachna, and descended from Lughad, son of Ith. His brothers Cassan and Cailcin also bear the title of saint. Fachtna belonged to the family of the O'Driscolls, who were warm supporters of the monastic institutions he founded in their territory. An ancient quatrain in the Book of Lecan records that twenty-seven bishops of his tribe ruled the diocese of Ross: Seven-and-twenty bishops nobly occupied Ross, of the truly fertile lands.

37. St. Patrick entertained at palace on hill of Rea

    Caher (Connell) · townland · Limerick · 439

    Lonan, chief of the Ui-Figeinte, hosted St. Patrick in 439 at his palace on the summit of the hill of Rea, near the mountain of Cam Feradhaigh, according to the Tripartite Life.

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    X. Eri, who had two sons, Lonan and Kinfaela. Thu former was chief of the Ui-Figeinte and contemporary with St. Patrick, whom he entertained (according to the Tripartite Life, published by Golgan) in the year 439, at his palace situated on the summit of the hill of Rea, near the mountain of Cam Feradhaigh.

    XI. Cinfaele. — Nothing is known of this chieftain except that he was the first of his race who embraced the Christian religion, about the year 439, and that the following generations descended from him : — XII. Oilioll Leanufada, XII. Laipe, XIV. Aengus, XV. Aedh, XVI. Crummael, XVII. Eoghan, chief of Ui-Figeinte, who was killed according to Tighernach, in the year 667; XVIII. Aedh Roin, XIX. Duvdavoran, XX Kinfaela, XXL Cathal, chief of Ui-Cairbre Aebhdha ; XXIII. Cathal, chief of the Ui-Figeinte, slain by the celebrated Callaghan Cashel, king of Munster. He had two sons Uainidh rex Coirprke, who died in 964, according to the old Annals of Innisfallen, and XXIV. Donovan, the progenitor, after whom the family name, O’Donovan, has been called. At this period surnames became for the first time hereditary in Ireland, for we find that many of the chieftain families in Ireland took surnames from ancestors who were living at this period. Cathal Mac Donovan Brian Borumha did not satisfy his revenge by the slaughter of Donovan and his people of Ui-Figeinte, together with their allies, the Danes of Munster. In the year 978 he marched a second time against the rival race of Eoghan, or Eoghanachts, and came to an engagement with them at Beelach-Leachta in Muskery, near Macroom, in the county of Cork, where he vanquished them and their Danish allies with dreadful havoc. After this defeat the race of Eoghan were more glad to give up their rivalship for the government of Munster, and to make peace with Brian on his own conditions. Accordingly, we find these two great races of the blood of Oilioll Olum at peace with each other for a period of thirty-six years, that is from the year 978 to 1014.

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 402

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere around here, on the summit of the hill of Rea, near the mountain of Cam Feradhaigh, Lonan, chief of the Ui-Figeinte, had a palace. In the year 439, according to the Tripartite Life published by Golgan, Lonan entertained St. Patrick there. Lonan's father was Eri, who had 2 sons, Lonan and Cinfaele. Cinfaele was the first of his race to embrace the Christian religion, about the year 439. From Cinfaele the generations descended through Oilioll Lenufada, then Laipe, Aengus, Aedh, Crummael, and Eoghan. Eoghan was chief of the Ui-Figeinte, and was killed in the year 667 according to Tighernach. After him came Aedh Roin, then Duvdavoran, Kinfaela, and Cathal, chief of Ui-Cairbre Aebhdha. Another Cathal, chief of the Ui-Figeinte, was slain by the celebrated Callaghan Cashel, king of Munster. This Cathal had 2 sons, Uainidh, who died in 964 according to the old Annals of Innisfallen, and Donovan, the progenitor from whom the family name O'Donovan comes. It was at this period that surnames became hereditary in Ireland. Cathal Mac Donovan Brian Borumha killed Donovan and his people of Ui-Figeinte, together with their allies, the Danes of Munster. In 978 he marched again against the rival race of Eoghan and fought them at Bealach-Leachta in Muskery, near Macroom, in the county of Cork, and defeated them with dreadful havoc. After this the 2 great races of the blood of Oilioll Olum were at peace for 36 years, from 978 to 1014.

38. Swearing-in of Lord Deputy Grey at St. Patrick's Church

    near Saint Patrick's Cathedral · ecclesiastical site · Dublin · 1580

    In September 1580, Lord Arthur Grey de Wilton was sworn in as Lord Deputy at St. Patrick's Church in the presence of Lord Justice Pelham and state peers.

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    “ On Friday 12th August, 1580, about four o’clock in the morning, Lord Arthur Grey de Wilton, arrived at Howth ; and on Wednesday, the 7th of September, was, by virtue of Queen Elizabeth’s Letters Patent, which were solemnly read by Nicholas White, Master of the Rolls, sworn Lord Deputy in St. Patrick’s Church, before the Lord Justice Pelham, the peers and counsellers of the state. Grey was a ruthless Puritan^ and the Queen sent him to Ireland ‘ to dissolve the spell of Rome or in plain phase, to compel the Irish to accept the doctrines of the so-called Reformation. Pelham had not succeeded in effecting this ; and it occurred to her Majesty that Grey’s swordsmen might achieve what his predecessor s ranting preachers were not able to realise. In Greys suit were three remarkable men— Spenser, the poet, his Excellency’s Secretary ; Sir Walter Raleigh, statesman, soldier, navigator, poet, and philosopher ; and William Lyon, a native of Chester, who, in 1573; was made Vicar of Naas, and, four years after¬ wards, obtained dispensation ‘ to hold the same, with any other benefice, for life, and leave to live in England, and transport the profits of his vicarage into that kingdom. A special favourite of the Queen was this Lyon : for, one month before Grey landed, her Majesty advanced him to the Vicarage of Bodenstown, in the county of Kildare ; and when the new deputy was sworn, caused him to be appointed chaplain to his

    Excellency.

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 167

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere about Saint Patrick's Cathedral, in September 1580, Lord Arthur Grey de Wilton was sworn in as Lord Deputy of Ireland. It was Wednesday, the 7th of September. Nicholas White, Master of the Rolls, solemnly read Queen Elizabeth's Letters Patent, and Grey took his oath in St. Patrick's Church, before the Lord Justice Pelham and the peers and counsellors of the state. Grey was a ruthless Puritan. The Queen sent him to Ireland to dissolve what the source calls the spell of Rome, or in plain phrase, to compel the Irish to accept the doctrines of the so-called Reformation. Pelham had not succeeded in effecting this, and it occurred to her Majesty that Grey's swordsmen might achieve what his predecessor's ranting preachers were not able to realise. In Grey's suit were three men. Spenser, the poet, served as his Excellency's Secretary. Sir Walter Raleigh was there too, described as statesman, soldier, navigator, poet, and philosopher. And William Lyon, a native of Chester, who in 1573 was made Vicar of Naas. Four years afterwards he obtained dispensation to hold that vicarage with any other benefice for life, leave to live in England, and transport the profits of his vicarage into that kingdom. Lyon was a special favourite of the Queen. One month before Grey landed, she advanced him to the Vicarage of Bodenstown in the county of Kildare, and when the new deputy was sworn, she caused him to be appointed chaplain to his Excellency.

39. Waterford galleys pursue Perkin Warbeck (1497)

    Waterford · city · Waterford · 1497

    The citizens of Waterford, loyal to King Henry, fitted out four galleys and pursued Perkin Warbeck after he departed Ireland for Cornwall. However, fortune did not crown their loyal endeavours with the success of taking him.

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    between the two nations, Perkin was forced to quit Scotland, and embarking with his wife and family, he came once more to Cork, where on the 26th of July, 1497) he enlisted 120 soldiers, and by the assistance of the Earl of Desmond procured ships to transport them into Cornwall, to which place he was invited. The citizens of Waterford, being loyal to King Henry, fitted out four galleys and pursued him ; but fortune did not crown their loyal endeavours with the success of taking him. IT pon his landing he assumed the title and name of Richard IV. , King of England, and, being joined by several thousands, besieged the city of Exeter in form, but was soon obliged to raise the siege, the king’s forces being at hand. Finding his army decreasing he privately withdrew to the sanctuary of Beaulieu, in Hampshire, where he surrendered himself, and Avas sent prisoner to the Tower, from whence he made his escape, but was retaken.

    “ In July, this year, Maurice, Earl of Desmond, and the Earl of Lincoln besieged Waterford with 2,400 men in favour of Perkin ; but the citizens defended themselves so vigorously that they were repulsed ivith loss, and on the 3rd of August were obliged to raise the siege. The same year, J ohn Walters, citizen of Cork, was summoned to appear before the parliament

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 148

    As the companion tells it

    Waterford, a city the road passes through, earned its loyalty in 1497. That summer, Perkin Warbeck was forced to quit Scotland and came once more to Cork, where on the 26th of July, 1497, he enlisted 120 soldiers. By the assistance of the Earl of Desmond he procured ships to transport them into Cornwall, to which place he was invited. The citizens of Waterford, being loyal to King Henry, fitted out four galleys and pursued him, but fortune did not crown their loyal endeavours with the success of taking him. Upon his landing he assumed the title and name of Richard IV, King of England, and being joined by several thousands, besieged the city of Exeter in form. He was soon obliged to raise the siege, the king's forces being at hand. Finding his army decreasing, he privately withdrew to the sanctuary of Beaulieu in Hampshire, where he surrendered himself and was sent prisoner to the Tower, from whence he made his escape, but was retaken. That same July, Maurice, Earl of Desmond, and the Earl of Lincoln besieged Waterford with 2,400 men in favour of Perkin. The citizens defended themselves so vigorously that they were repulsed with loss, and on the 3rd of August were obliged to raise the siege.

40. Barrack Street hazard nearly kills garrison officer

    Barrack Street · street · Cork · 1805

    The dangerous condition of Barrack Street in Cork was highlighted when its gulf and huge stones nearly proved fatal to an eminent officer of the garrison, illustrating the city's neglect of public infrastructure.

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    for a long time. It was but a few nights ago that the gulph and huge stones of Barrack Street had nearly proved fatal to an eminent officer of this garrison.

    “September 4, 1805. — The grand jury of this city pre¬ sented £ 1 00, to be applied to the construction of a new road, which was necessary to render the communication between Cork, Kerry, Mallow, and Kanturk easy and convenient.

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 331

    As the companion tells it

    This is Barrack Street in Cork. It was long in a dangerous state. A few nights before September 1805, the gulf and huge stones of the street nearly proved fatal to an eminent officer of the garrison. On September 4, 1805, the grand jury of the city presented £100 to be applied to the construction of a new road, meant to render the communication between Cork, Kerry, Mallow, and Kanturk easy and convenient.

41. Viking fleet of 65 ships lands at Dublin

    Dublin · city · Dublin · 873

    A fleet of sixty-five ships landed at Dubhlinn (Dublin) around 873. Annalists described the invaders as 'great sea-cast floods of foreigners' and noted there was not a point of Ireland without a fleet.

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    A host of three score and five ships landed at Dubhlinn oj A th-cliath1 about 8 73, and so rapid were their movements that the annalists describe them as “ great sea- cast floods of foreigners,” 8 and say that there was not “ a point of Erinn without a fleet.”

    They plunder Bvi Gobhcinii? in the Co. Cork, Cill Ita , and Cuil Emhni by a fleet which landed in Ciciwuighe Lucichva ,

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 59

    As the companion tells it

    Dublin was where a host of sixty-five ships landed around 873. The annalists called them "great seacast floods of foreigners" and said there was not "a point of Erinn without a fleet." They plundered Gobhcinii in County Cork, Cill Ita, and Cuil Emhni, by a fleet which landed in Ciciwuighe Lucichra.

42. Bishop Bennett resides at collegiate establishment of Youghal

    Youghal · town · Cork · 1522–1531

    John Bennett, appointed bishop of Cork and Cloyne by the Holy See in 1522, chose the collegiate establishment of Youghal as his place of residence. The establishment had originally been founded by his family, and at his death he endowed it with a great part of his own paternal property.

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    ever may have been the cause, another recommendation was transmitted in the following month by the same lord deputy in favour of Walter Wellesley. Both these recommendations, however, were without success, and we meet with a Bishop Patrick , whose name sufficiently indicates the land of his birth, holding these sees in the year 1521. His episcopate was short : as Cotton remarks “ he probably sat only for a year or two.” In the State Papers Cork is again described as vacant on 25th of April, 1522 : and before the close of that year John Bennett was appointed by the Holy See, successor of Saint Finbarr. He chose for his place of residence the collegiate establishment of Youghal, which had originally been founded by his family, and at his death he too endowed it

    with a great part of his own paternal property.9

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 175

    As the companion tells it

    Youghal was home to a collegiate establishment with a particular connection to one bishop. In 1522, the Holy See appointed John Bennett as bishop, successor of Saint Finbarr. Before him, a Bishop Patrick had held the sees, but only briefly. Bennett chose the collegiate establishment of Youghal as his place of residence. His family had originally founded it. At his death, he endowed it with a great part of his own paternal property. So the town you pass carried not just the foundation his family built, but the gift he left it when he died.

43. Carriganass Castle, O'Sullivan stronghold near Bantry

    Carriganass · townland · Cork

    Carriganass Castle, about four miles from Bantry on the road to Inchigeelagh, was once a stronghold of the O'Sullivans. It takes its name from the Irish 'Carraig-an-easa' (rock of the cataract), derived from a cascade where the Ouvane falls over a ledge of rocks near the castle.

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    O’Sullivan Beare mentions it in his History of the Irish Catholics, and calls it Torrentrupes, which is an exact trans¬ lation of the Irish name Carraie'-an-easa, the rock of the cataract, and it takes its name from a beautiful cascade, where the Ouvane falls over a ledge of rocks, near the castle.

    There is another place of the same name in the parish of Ardagh, near Youghal, and another still in the parish of Lackan, Mayo ; while in Armagh and in Tyrone it takes the form of Carrickanass, all deriving their name from a rock in the bed of a stream forming a waterfall.

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 420

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere around here stands Carriganass Castle, a stronghold of the O'Sullivans. O'Sullivan Beare mentions it in his History of the Irish Catholics, and calls it Torrentrupes, an exact translation of the Irish name Carraig-an-easa, the rock of the cataract. It takes its name from a beautiful cascade where the Ouvane falls over a ledge of rocks near the castle. There are other places of the same name in Ardagh near Youghal, and in Lackan, Mayo. In Armagh and Tyrone it takes the form of Carrickanass, all deriving their name from a rock in the bed of a stream forming a waterfall.

44. Cloyne, ancient settlement named for its caves

    Cloyne · town · Cork · 600

    Cloyne is an abridgment of the ancient name Cluain-uamha, meaning 'the meadow of the cave,' a place and name of great antiquity. St. Colman, son of Lenin, founded the church of Cloyne before the year 600, which remains a cathedral famous throughout Munster.

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    Cloyne, an abridgment of the ancient name Cluain-uamha, the meadow of the cave, a place and name of great antiquity. Archdall gives but very brief notice of this site, an evidence if it were needed of how utterly Irish antiquities had been neglected until a comparatively recent period, but this de¬ ficiency has been amply compensated by the Right Rev. Dr. Moran in his magnificent edition of Archdall.1

    According to the Annals of the Four Masters , St. Colman died in the year 600 (i.e., 601 of our present computation), and the 24th of November is the day on which his festival is marked in all the ancient calendars, and on which it is still observed in the diocese of Cloyne. Our patron of Cloyne must not be confounded with another St. Colman, who was

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 420

    As the companion tells it

    Cloyne takes its name from Cluain-uamha, the meadow of the cave, a place and name of great antiquity. St. Colman, son of Lenin, founded the church of Cloyne before the year 600, and that church remains a cathedral famous throughout Munster. According to the Annals of the Four Masters, St. Colman died in the year 600, which is 601 by our present reckoning. His festival is marked on the 24th of November in all the ancient calendars, and is still observed in the diocese of Cloyne. He must not be confounded with another St. Colman, who was a different figure altogether. The antiquarian Archdall gave only a very brief notice of this site, evidence of how utterly Irish antiquities had been neglected until a comparatively recent period, though that deficiency was later amply compensated by the Right Rev. Dr. Moran in his edition of Archdall.

45. Cork's foundation and early state

    Cork · city · Cork

    Cork owes its foundation to Christian monks, specifically St. Finbar. When St. Finbar founded the city, the site was a swamp.

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    Cork owes its foundation to Christian Monks — Omissions of former Historians — St. Finbar — His early life and piety — Peculiar circum¬ stances attending his birth — His father Amergin emigrates to the Co. Cork— Various ancient MS. Lives of St. Finbar — -Miraculous occurrences at his baptism — His education — Miraculous supply of food— Fie reads the “alphabet” — Meeting with St. Brandon, who recognizes the sanctity and prophecies the future of St. Fin¬ bar — He is instructed in ecclesistical rules by a holy man from Rome — He remains at Cloyne for some time, and why he leaves it — The piety and learning of his disciples — The state of Cork when St. Finbar founded the city — The swamp of Cork— He asks St. Colman to be “ the father of his confession ” — He goes to Cloyne to die — His relics brought back to Cork with great honour — “Seventeen holy bishops rest in Cork with Barri and Nessan”

    — St. Finbar’s virtues — He is distinguished for his charity, and “ blooming sweet ” to the poor — The ancient Latin Lives of St. Finbar — The famous Schools of Cork — Coleman O’ Cluasiaghe —

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 5

    As the companion tells it

    You're passing through Cork now. The city owes its foundation to Christian monks, and above all to St. Finbar. His father, Amergin, emigrated to County Cork. Various ancient manuscript lives tell of miraculous occurrences at Finbar's baptism, and of his education. He read the alphabet. He met St. Brandon, who recognized his sanctity and prophesied his future. A holy man from Rome instructed him in ecclesiastical rules. He stayed at Cloyne for a time before leaving it. When St. Finbar founded the city, the site was a swamp. He asked St. Colman to be, in the source's words, the father of his confession. He went to Cloyne to die, and his relics were brought back to Cork with great honour. The old record says that seventeen holy bishops rest in Cork with Barri and Nessan. St. Finbar was distinguished for his charity, and was called, in the Latin lives, blooming sweet to the poor. Cork also became known for its famous schools, and for Coleman O'Cluasiaghe.

46. Desmond-Ormond wine prizage dispute at Youghal and Kinsale

    Youghal · town · Cork

    The principal point of dispute between the Earls of Desmond and Ormond, examined before the privy council after the Battle of Affane, concerned the prizage of wines at Youghal and Kinsale and the limits of their respective boundaries.

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    The great point of dispute between the earls appear to have been the prizage of wines at Younhal and Kinsale, and the limits of their respective boundaries. These were, as usual in such cases, a host of minor grievances, both general and particular. The Earl of Ormond excuses himself for his share in the battle of Affane, by stating

    “That the cause why he assembled that company with him was for the deffence of the contrey of Tipperarie, being advertised from the west that the lord of Desmond had a greate hoste in redyness theare. The assemblie was at Knock - loughte, a hill three myles- distant from Clonmel, and beeing there, a servant of Sir Maurice Fitzgerald’s came into his lord, giving him advertisemente that his men had gathered together the cattle of his contrey, about Drode Ruannaghe, and besought his lord to fetch them away and to salf-keepe them for him in his lord’s contrey w

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 196

    As the companion tells it

    The town of Youghal was one of two places where the Earls of Desmond and Ormond fought over the prizage of wines, the other being Kinsale. After the Battle of Affane, the privy council examined their quarrel, and the great point of dispute was this wine prizage and the limits of their respective boundaries. Alongside these ran a host of minor grievances, both general and particular. The Earl of Ormond excused his share in the Battle of Affane. His words were: the cause why he assembled that company with him was for the defence of the country of Tipperary, being advertised from the west that the Lord of Desmond had a great host in readiness there. The assembly was at Knockloughte, a hill 3 miles distant from Clonmel. A servant of Sir Maurice Fitzgerald came to his lord, reporting that his men had gathered together the cattle of his country about Drode Ruannaghe, and besought his lord to fetch them away.

47. Desmond sails for England from Youghal

    Youghal · town · Cork · 1346

    After D'Ufford's death, Sir John Moritz liberated the Earl of Kildare in Dublin, and the Earl of Desmond sailed for England from Youghal with his wife and two sons, surrendering himself to the king on honourable terms and obtaining a daily treasury allowance.

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    Sir John Moritz was now sent to rule the troublesome colony, and on his arrival in Dublin he liberated the Earl of Kildare; and soon after the Earl of Desmond sailed for England from Youghal with his wife and two sons, and surrendered himself to the king on honourable terms, obtaining an allow¬ ance from the treasury of twenty shillings per diem. During his detention he obtained favourable terms for himself, and

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 128

    As the companion tells it

    Youghal, here in Cork. In 1346, after D'Ufford's death, Sir John Moritz arrived in Dublin and set the Earl of Kildare free. Soon after, the Earl of Desmond sailed for England from this town, with his wife and two sons. He gave himself up to the king on honourable terms and got an allowance from the treasury of 20 shillings a day. During his detention he obtained favourable terms for himself.

48. Desmond seizes corn of Fitz Gerald, seneschal of Imokilly

    Imokilly · barony · Cork · 1578

    The Earl of Desmond forcibly took all the corn of Fitz Gerald, seneschal of Imokilly, despite Fitz Gerald being one of the most considerable private gentlemen in Munster. This exemplified the extortions and suppressions carried out by superiors against even prominent men in the province.

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    “ Sir William Drury was appointed lord president of I578‘ Munster, and two years after was elected lord justice of Ireland. This same Sir William Drury being lord justice of Ireland, came into this province, attended by Sir Edward Fitton, and others of the privy council. On the 20th of No¬ vember they wrote to Queen Elizabeth to show the necessity of continuing a lord president in Munster ; for, on the report of this office being suspended, the Irish lords began to commit violences, particularly Lord Boche, who kept a freeholder in irons, who was possessed of an estate of eight plowlands, until he gave all up, except one half plowland ; and when that was complied with, he extorted as much upon that half plowland, as he did upon any other in his countiy ; and with the Lord Barry plundered such tenants and vassals of their corn, as dared to contradict them, without any colour of right or legal process. Nor were the great men free from the extortions and suppressions of their superiors ; for Fitz Gerald, seneschal of Imokilly, had all his com forcibly taken away by the Earl of Desmond, though he was at that time one of the most con¬ siderable private gentlemen in Munster. The earls of Clancare and Desmond had also a contest about the bounds of their respective territories, viz., whether Mac Carty’s lands were within the bounds of the palatine of Kerry or not, which dispute they were about to decide by force, and for that intent drew their respective followers into the field, but the presence of Sir William Drury prevented the effusion of blood, and put a stop to tiffs contest. ’’

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 202

    As the companion tells it

    The road takes you through or near Imokilly, a barony in Cork. In 1578, Sir William Drury was lord president of Munster, and two years later became lord justice of Ireland. He came into this province attended by Sir Edward Fitton and others of the privy council. On the 20th of November they wrote to Queen Elizabeth to show the necessity of keeping a lord president in Munster. They said that on the report of the office being suspended, the Irish lords began to commit violences. Lord Boche kept a freeholder in irons, a man possessed of an estate of eight plowlands, until he gave all up except one half plowland. When that was complied with, he extorted as much upon that half plowland as he did upon any other in his country. Lord Barry and Lord Boche plundered such tenants and vassals of their corn as dared to contradict them, without any colour of right or legal process. Nor were the great men free from the extortions and suppressions of their superiors. Fitz Gerald, seneschal of Imokilly, had all his corn forcibly taken away by the Earl of Desmond, though he was at that time one of the most considerable private gentlemen in Munster. The earls of Clancare and Desmond also had a contest about the bounds of their respective territories, whether Mac Carty's lands were within the bounds of the palatine of Kerry or not. They were about to decide it by force and drew their followers into the field, but the presence of Sir William Drury prevented the effusion of blood and put a stop to the contest.

49. Diocese of Ross: etymology and early monastic foundation

    near Ross · parish · Cork · 500–599

    Ross, anciently Ross-ailithir, meaning 'the wood of the pilgrims,' was co-extensive with the territory of the Corcalaidhe and at Lynche's time measured eighteen miles by four or five, with twenty-four parishes. St. Fachnan founded the monastery and served as bishop of Ross in the sixth century.

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    Ross, anciently Ross-ailithir — the wood of the pilgrims. Thus, according to J oyce, Dr. O’Donovan, and the Right Rev; Dr. Moran, the Rev. J. Molony, P.P., writes Rossailithir means Ross built on the hill, with wet or marshy sides. There is Tear sad of Ross, and Tuath of Ross, and in contradiction to both, and situated between them, is Ross-ailithir of the same family of words as Leithir , which is the name of many nloughlands in Ireland.

    There is a townland, Ballynafarsid, and a village Farsid, near Aghada, in Cork harbour. The word fear sad is applied to a sand bank on the mouth of a river. The diocese of Ross, from the earliest times co-extensive with the territory of the Corcalaidhe, at Lynche’s time it was eighteen miles in length, and four or five in width, and consisted of twenty-four parishes, besides three detached parishes, situated around Berehaven. St. Fachnan, in Irish Fachtna, who is also called Lachtna, is patron of the See, being founder of the monastery and bishop of Ross in the sixth century. He was disciple of St. Finbarr

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 441

    As the companion tells it

    The land around here is Ross, anciently called Ross-ailithir. Scholars Joyce, O'Donovan, and Moran read the name as the wood of the pilgrims. The Rev. J. Molony reads it differently: Ross built on the hill, with wet or marshy sides. There is a Tearsad of Ross and a Tuath of Ross, and between them, Ross-ailithir, a word of the same family as Leithir, a name found on many lands in Ireland. From earliest times the diocese of Ross was co-extensive with the territory of the Corca-laidhe. At Lynche's time it measured eighteen miles in length and four or five in width, and consisted of twenty-four parishes, besides three detached parishes around Berehaven. St. Fachnan, in Irish Fachtna, also called Lachtna, is patron of the See. He founded the monastery and served as bishop of Ross in the sixth century. He was a disciple of St. Finbarr.

50. Dreadful fire consumes most of Cork city

    Cork · city · Cork · 1622

    In 1622, a dreadful fire consumed the greatest part of the city of Cork. The same year, the shoemakers received a new charter from King James I.

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    1622. “ A dreadful fire happened in Cork, which consumed the greatest part of the city, and the shoemakers received a new charter from King James I.

    1624. “ Richard, Earl of Cork, was this year admitted and sworn a freeman of the city of Cork. On the 5th of Sep¬ tember, died Donough, Earl of Thomond, Lord President of Munster ; and the Lord Falkland issued out a commission, September 7th, to Henry, Earl of Thomond, the Earl of Desmond, the Earl of Cork, Lord Esmond, or any two of them, for the better government of this province during the vacancy of the presidentship, which was supplied by the

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 279

    As the companion tells it

    Cork carries an old scar. In 1622, a dreadful fire broke out and consumed the greatest part of the city. The same year, the shoemakers received a new charter from King James I. Two years later, Richard, Earl of Cork, was admitted and sworn a freeman of the city. On the 5th of September 1624, Donough, Earl of Thomond, Lord President of Munster, died. On September 7th, Lord Falkland issued a commission to Henry, Earl of Thomond, the Earl of Desmond, the Earl of Cork, Lord Esmond, or any two of them, for the better government of this province during the vacancy of the presidentship.

51. First town council election under Municipal Act in Cork, 1841

    Cork · city · Cork · 1841

    The first election of a town council for Cork under the Municipal Act 3 and 4 Victoria took place on 25 October 1841. Thomas Lyons was chosen as the first mayor under the new system and was chaired through the city.

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    By the Municipal Act 3 and 4 Victoria, chap. 108, very extensive changes were effected in the corporation system of Cork. Its ancient style of “ Mayors, Sheriffs, and Common¬ alty” was altered to “ Mayor, Aldermen, and Burgesses.” The election constituency was changed, and the power of electing vested in ^10 householders. The Town Council con¬ stituting the governing authority was composed of a repre¬ sentative body of eight councillors for each of the eight wards of the city — 64 members altogether ; 1 6 of these having the greatest number of votes become aldermen. One-third of the council go out annually, and half the number of aldermen go out triennially. The mayor is chosen on the first of November in every year out of the aldermen or councillors of the borough. He is, as of old, an ex-officio justice of the peace, and by this statute is created the returning officer at elections of members to serve in parliament. In lieu of two sheriffs, as of old, the city now possesses but one, whose appointment vests in the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland. The jurisdiction of the corpo¬ ration still extends to the old city boundary, whilst the criminal jurisdiction is confined within the borough limits. The first election of a town council under this enactment took place on the 25th of October, 1841, and the choice of the first mayor under the new system fell upon Thomas Lyons, Esq., who immediately after his election was chaired through the

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 410

    As the companion tells it

    The road takes you through Cork, the city where the first election of a town council under the Municipal Act took place on the 25th of October 1841. The act, 3 and 4 Victoria, chapter 108, reshaped the city's corporation. The ancient style of "Mayors, Sheriffs, and Commonalty" was altered to "Mayor, Aldermen, and Burgesses." The power of electing was vested in 10 householders. The new Town Council had 8 councillors for each of the city's 8 wards, 64 members altogether. The 16 with the greatest number of votes became aldermen. One-third of the council went out annually, and half the aldermen went out triennially. The mayor was chosen on the 1st of November each year, from the aldermen or councillors of the borough. He remained, as of old, an ex-officio justice of the peace, and by this statute became the returning officer at elections of members to serve in parliament. Where the city once had two sheriffs, it now had one, whose appointment vested in the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland. On that 25th of October 1841, the choice of the first mayor under the new system fell upon Thomas Lyons, who immediately after his election was chaired through the city.

52. Flanders troops blown off course, land at Bantry

    Bantry · town · Cork

    Troops embarked at Ostend for Cork were blown too far south, making the Old Head of Kinsale in hazy weather. Unable to make port, the fleet eventually put into Bantry with great difficulty and landed there.

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    “ The troops from Flanders embarked at Ostend, and sailed on the 10th of December for Cork ; but the fleet standing too much to the southwards, made the Old Head of Kinsale. - The weather continuing hazy, the fleet stood out to sea ; and on the 24th, with great difficulty, put into Bantry, where they landed.

    “ April 30th. The Loo man-of-war was lost as she was turning out of Baltimore harbour, by running on a rock. The men, with most of the rigging and guns, were saved.

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 307

    As the companion tells it

    As you pass through Bantry, you're in a town where a fleet of troops from Flanders once made an unexpected landfall. They had embarked at Ostend on the 10th of December, bound for Cork, but the fleet stood too far south and made the Old Head of Kinsale instead. The weather stayed hazy, so they stood out to sea. On the 24th, with great difficulty, they put into Bantry and landed there.

53. Florence MacCarthy sent prisoner to Dublin

    Dublin · city · Dublin · 1588

    Florence MacCarthy was sent to Dublin in December 1588, and St. Leger advised the lords that he should be kept a prisoner 'duringe this dangerouse tyme.' St. Leger further urged that the marriage be undone and Lady Ellen married to an English gentleman.

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    Florence MacCarthy was sent to Dublin in December, 1588, and St. Leger wrote to the lords to say that it were well he should be kept a prisoner “ duringe this dangerouse tyme.” He further advised that Owen Mac Cartie should be kept in England “ tyll the worlde be quyeter and notwithstanding that solemn protestation had been made about the “ blessed government which never interfered in causes matrimonial, he urged that the “ marriage of Florence Mac Cartie More

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 236

    As the companion tells it

    Dublin, December 1588. Florence MacCarthy was sent here as a prisoner. St. Leger wrote to the lords that he should be kept, in his words, "duringe this dangerouse tyme." He also urged that Owen Mac Cartie be kept in England "tyll the worlde be quyeter." Despite solemn protestation about a "blessed government which never interfered in causes matrimonial," St. Leger further urged that the marriage of Florence Mac Cartie More be undone, and that Lady Ellen be married to an English gentleman.

54. Good cheer in Limerick

    Limerick · city · Limerick

    The forces under Lord James stayed in Limerick where they received good hospitality. They then departed eight miles to a nearby religious house founded by the Lord of Kildare.

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    Kilmulok and next day to Limeryk, and (as the saying was), with, a great host, and had hurled down the woods in the way, as we should have into his country, and had forsaken two of his castles hard by Limericke ; and heard that we were so nigh, he went into the mountains from us, for fear of ordnance ; and when he heard tell that we had no ordnance, then he restored his men into his castles again with such ordnance as he had of his own ; and without ordnance to beat the one pile we could not enter well into his country. There¬ fore my Lord James thought best to recoil back again, and to bring the Descemontes and Cormak Oge with his company to a stay, or that he would [pass] any further. And so in Limerick we had very good cheer, but not nothing like the cheer that we had in Cork. And so we departed an eight mile off to a place of religion, the which is after the order of Grenwyche, and my Lord of Kildare was the founder of it, for he hath castle and lands even there fast by ; and there met with my Lord James his brother-in-law, which is O’Briens son, and his saying is this to my Lord James : ‘ I have

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 200

    As the companion tells it

    Limerick is a city the road passes through. The forces under Lord James came here after moving through Kilmallock. They had gone with a great host and hurled down the woods along the way. The enemy had forsaken two of his castles near Limerick and gone into the mountains for fear of ordnance. When he learned there was no ordnance with Lord James, he put his men back into those castles with such ordnance as he had. Without ordnance to beat the one pile, they could not enter well into his country. Lord James thought it best to recoil back and bring the Desmonds and Cormac Oge with his company to a stay before passing any further. In Limerick they had very good cheer, though nothing like the cheer they had in Cork. Then they departed eight miles off to a place of religion, after the order of Greenwich, founded by the Lord of Kildare, who had castle and lands there fast by. There Lord James met his brother-in-law, O'Brien's son, and his saying was this: 'I have'

55. Henry III charter grants Cork to citizens in fee farm

    Cork · city · Cork · 1242

    In 1242 Henry III granted the city of Cork to its citizens in fee farm for 80 marks paid yearly to the exchequer in Dublin. Citizens were freed from tolls throughout the king's dominions and granted the laws and franchises of Bristol.

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    “ By this charter the city of Cork is granted to the citizens in fee farm, paying for the same 80 marks to his majesty’s exchequer in Dublin, at Easter and Michaelmas, by two equal payments. Also the prisage of wines and cognets ; no citizen to be impleaded out of the city, but within their walls, viz., at Guildhall. The citizens to be free of all lastage, passage, pontage, etc., throughout the king’s dominions. No citizen to be fined, except by the laws of the hundred, which court is to be held once a week by the provost. The citizens to have all reasonable guilds, as the burgesses of Bristol have, not to be hindered to build houses on the river side, to enjoy all lands and waste grounds without the city, except such lands as were granted by charters from his royal father, king John, which lands the citizens are not to dispose of, but to be subject

    i6o

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 145

    As the companion tells it

    As you travel through Cork, this city carries an old charter from 1242. Henry III granted the city of Cork to its citizens in fee farm. They were to pay 80 marks yearly to the king's exchequer in Dublin, at Easter and Michaelmas, in two equal payments. The charter gave them the prisage of wines and cognets. No citizen was to be impleaded outside the city, only within the walls, at Guildhall. The citizens were freed from all lastage, passage and pontage throughout the king's dominions. No citizen could be fined except by the laws of the hundred, a court held once a week by the provost. They were to have all reasonable guilds, as the burgesses of Bristol had. They were not to be hindered from building houses on the riverside, and were to enjoy all lands and waste grounds outside the city, except lands already granted by charters from King John, which the citizens could not dispose of.

56. Kinsale's fishing admiral court tradition

    Kinsale · town · Cork · 1685–1688

    An inquisition taken in Rosscarbery during the reign of James II recorded that Kinsale appointed an admiral for the fishing season who, jointly with the lord, set fishing orders and held admiral's court every Monday. Fines were divided equally between the lord and admiral.

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    “ In an inquisition taken in the town of Rosscarbery on the 8th of April, in the reign of James II., we find it set down that the town of Kyngsale was wont to appoint an adimral for the fishing season, and then he and the lord did join m setting the order for the fishing, and keep admirals court every' Monday, and all pecuniary punishments for treating the orders agreed upon were to be equally divided between the lord and the admiral.”

    Kinsale is one of the oldest corporate towns in Ireland. The citizens got a charter from Edward III. as a reward for the loyalty and the power of chosing a mayor or sovereign. In more ancient times, as we have related m the historical part of this work, it was famous as the seat of Irish royalty. Kinsale, however, was not always loyal, and was eventual y deprived of its greatness. The fisheries of Kinsale, like all the other Irish fisheries, have suffered seriously from the utter neglect and indifference of the English government. Ihe

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 434

    As the companion tells it

    Kinsale, up ahead as the road passes through, carries an old fishing tradition that an inquisition in Rosscarbery recorded. The inquiry was taken on the 8th of April, in the reign of James the Second, so between 1685 and 1688. It set down that the town of Kinsale was wont to appoint an admiral for the fishing season. He and the lord joined in setting the order for the fishing, and they kept admiral's court every Monday. All pecuniary punishments for breaking the orders agreed upon were to be equally divided between the lord and the admiral. Kinsale is one of the oldest corporate towns in Ireland. The citizens got a charter from Edward the Third as a reward for their loyalty and the power of choosing a mayor or sovereign. In more ancient times it was famous as the seat of Irish royalty. The fisheries of Kinsale, like all the other Irish fisheries, suffered seriously from the neglect and indifference of the English government.

57. Lord Broghill entrenched at Lismore

    Lismore · town · Waterford · 1641–1642

    A portion of the loyalist army advanced to Lismore, where Lord Broghill was entrenched, while General Barry remained in the neighbourhood of Cork during the 1641 rising.

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    General Barry remained in the neighbourhood of Cork, and but a portion of the army advanced to Lismore, where Lord Broghill was entrenched. Cork, Yonghal, Kinsale, and Bandon were in the hands of the rebels.6 Lord Muskery did his best to keep order in his somewhat unruly camp, for the Irish had been so long hunted and prevented from settling down to proper occupation, that it was no wonder many of them had taken to predatory habits — and how else, indeed, could they live ?

    The Lord Justice had taken the rebel side also, and no quarter was the word, even before Cromwell came. The Irish attacked Bandon, under Mac Carthy Reagh, on the 1 8th July, 1642, and were repulsed with great slaughter, and the prisoners executed with the usual barbarity. About the same time Sir Charles Vavasor arrived in Youghal with a thousand men, and Cork was invaded by Lord Muskery. His camp was at Rochfordstown, but his troops were soon repulsed with great loss.

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 291

    As the companion tells it

    The town of Lismore was drawn into the rising of 1641. General Barry kept the main army near Cork, and only a portion advanced to Lismore, where Lord Broghill was entrenched. Cork, Youghal, Kinsale, and Bandon were in rebel hands. Lord Muskery struggled to keep order in his unruly camp. The Irish had been so long hunted and prevented from settling to proper occupation that many had taken to predatory habits. The record asks how else they could live. The Lord Justice had taken the rebel side also. No quarter was the word, even before Cromwell came. On the 18th of July, 1642, the Irish attacked Bandon under Mac Carthy Reagh and were repulsed with great slaughter. The prisoners were executed with the usual barbarity. About the same time Sir Charles Vavasor arrived in Youghal with a thousand men, and Lord Muskery invaded Cork. His camp was at Rochfordstown, but his troops were soon repulsed with great loss.

58. Lord Kinsale rewarded for loyalty at Kinsale

    Kinsale · town · Cork · 1606

    In 1606, the Lord Kinsale received letters of recommendation to the king testifying to his loyalty during the service at Kinsale and other acts of fidelity, upon which he obtained an annual pension of £133 6s. 8d. from King James I.

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    1606. “ The Lord Kinsale obtained letters of leave and recom¬ mendations to the king from the lords justices and council. Among other particulars, they inform his Majesty that he had given good testimony* of his loyalty to the crown in the service at Kinsale, besides several other acts of fidelity and forward¬ ness at other times, both in civil and martial affairs ; upon which he obtained an annual pension of ^133 6s. 8d. from King James I.

    ££ Towards the end of this year and beginning of the next there was a most dreadful pestilence in the city of Cork, which, by degrees, ceased of itself.

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 278

    As the companion tells it

    As you come through Kinsale in Cork, this is the town where the Lord Kinsale gave good testimony of his loyalty to the crown. In 1606, the lords justices and council sent letters of recommendation to the king on his behalf. They told his Majesty he had shown his loyalty in the service at Kinsale, besides several other acts of fidelity and forwardness at other times, both in civil and martial affairs. Upon this, he obtained an annual pension of 133 pounds, 6 shillings and 8 pence from King James I.

59. MacCarthy More killings and deaths recorded at Blarney

    near Blarney · townland · Cork · 1489–1504

    The Four Masters record several violent events involving the MacCarthy family at Blarney, including the killing of Patrick, son of the Knight of Kerry, in 1489, and the death of Teige McCarthy More in 1504. The family traced its ancestry to Eagan Mor, son of Olioll Ollum, King of Munster in the second century.

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    “ 1489. — Teige, son of Donald Oge the Mac Carthy More, killed Patrick, son of the Knight of Kerry.

    “ 1498. — Thomas Oge, son of Thomas the Earl (of Des¬ mond), and Cormac Oge, the son of Cormac, son of Teige M‘ Carthy, went in pursuit of Owen McCarthy to recover a prey, and slew the said Owen and others.

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 398

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere close to Blarney, the MacCarthy More family left a violent record. In 1489, Teige, son of Donald Oge the MacCarthy More, killed Patrick, son of the Knight of Kerry. In 1498, Thomas Oge, son of Thomas the Earl of Desmond, and Cormac Oge pursued Owen McCarthy to recover a prey, and slew him and others. Teige McCarthy More died in 1504.

60. New charter granted to Youghal

    Youghal · town · Cork · 1496

    In 1496, the king granted a new charter to the town of Youghal, around the same time that pardons were issued to the Earl of Desmond and several bishops to quell Perkin Warbeck's supporters.

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    a pardon to Maurice, Earl of Desmond, for all his offences ; he had also a. grant of the customs, etc., of Limerick, and other the king’s hereditaments in the ports, city, and towns of Cork, Kinsale, Baltimore, and Youghal, to hold and enjoy the same during his Majesty’s pleasure. Also pardons to David, Archbishop of Cashel, and to the bishops of Cork and Waterford, the better to quell the contrivances and designs of Perkins’ friends. About the same time the king granted a new charter to the town of Youghal.”

    In October, 1498, the Earl of Kildare marched to Cork, and placed a strong garrison in the city, because of the dis¬ obedience of the citizens in affording assistance to Perkin Warbeck. The same month he caused the principal citizens, and the inhabitants of Kinsale, to take the oath of allegiance to King Henry, and obliged them to enter into bonds and pledges for their future loyalty.

    Internet Archive historyofcitycou0000cusa, Chapter 149

    As the companion tells it

    Youghal, a town here in Cork, was granted a new charter by the king in 1496. The same period brought pardons aimed at stamping out support for Perkin Warbeck. Maurice, Earl of Desmond, received a pardon for all his offences, along with a grant of the customs and the king's hereditaments in the ports, city, and towns of Cork, Kinsale, Baltimore, and Youghal, to hold during the king's pleasure. Pardons also went to David, Archbishop of Cashel, and to the bishops of Cork and Waterford, the better to quell what the record calls the contrivances and designs of Perkins' friends. Two years later, in October 1498, the Earl of Kildare marched to Cork and placed a strong garrison there, because the citizens had given assistance to Perkin Warbeck. That same month he made the principal citizens, and the people of Kinsale, swear allegiance to King Henry and enter into bonds for their future loyalty.