Name: The history of the county and city of Cork (vol. 2)
Author: Charles Bernard Gibson

Dispute over credit for Battle of Liscarroll

Liscarroll · town · Cork

Lord Cork wrote to Dungarvan alleging that Lord Inchiquin was scandalised because letters read in parliament had slighted Inchiquin's merit in the battle of Liscarroll and attributed the chief honour of the day to Sir Charles Vavasor. The dispute was eventually set aside when Inchiquin and Broghill united forces against the Irish.

Read the passage

This change of purpose brought about a more cordial union between Inchiquin and Broghill than had previously existed. Lord Cork, in writing to Dungarvan, who was seeking the office of president — to which we have referred on a previous occasion — says, "The Lord Inchiquin is much scandalised at you and your brother Broghill, alleging that you have done him great wrong, in that before you departed from this, you wrote letters, which were read openly in parliament, wherein you slighted his merit in the battle of Liscarrol, and attributed the chief honor of the day's service to Sir Charles Vavasor." But these slights were now forgotten, and both united their forces against the Irish. It was at this time they adopted the daring and decided measure of turning the Irish out of Cork, Youghal, and Kinsale. To justify such a violent measure, there must, of course, be a plot,
78 HISTORY OF CORK.

Internet Archive historyofcountyc02gibsiala, Chapter 43

Friars granted passage through Cork city walls, 1317

Cork · city · Cork · 1317

The charter of Edward II to the city of Cork in 1317 granted the Dominican friars a free passage to enter the gate of the lately erected city walls nearest to their abbey. The friars received what amounted to the privilege of the latch-key under this arrangement.

Read the passage

An annual allowance of thirty-five marks, from the royal treasury, was granted to the convent in 1309 ; and the charter of Edward IT. to the city of Cork in 1317, a free passage was given to the friars to enter the gate of the lately erected city Walls, nearest to the abbey. The friars were allowed, what might be termed in modern days, "the privilege of the latch-key." "We find that the institution " suffered some relaxation of discipline during the civil war in Cork, occasioned by the war of the Eoses in England, but this was amended by a general chapter of the order held in Kome, 1484. Fifty years after this we read in the Annals of St. Mary's of the Isle : —
" A.D. 1536. All the Dominican communities of Ireland, inside and outside the pale, being restored to discipline, and united in epirit, were formed into a distinct province of the order, to be governed by an Irish provincial, freely chosen in chapter. Thus, providentially, was the Hibernia Dominicana, by being separated from the authority of the English provincial, saved from utter extinction, in which, as the parent province of England, it might have perished during " the Dissolution of Religious Houses," under Henry VIII. , or survived merely as a portion of a titular province.

Internet Archive historyofcountyc02gibsiala, Chapter 187

As the companion tells it

Coming through Cork. In 1317, Edward II granted a charter to the city of Cork that gave the Dominican friars a free passage to enter the gate of the lately erected city walls nearest to their abbey. The friars were allowed what might be termed in modern days the privilege of the latch-key. Before that, in 1309, an annual allowance of thirty-five marks from the royal treasury had been granted to the convent. The institution later suffered some relaxation of discipline during the civil war in Cork, occasioned by the war of the Roses in England, but this was amended by a general chapter of the order held in Rome in 1484. Fifty years after that, in 1536, all the Dominican communities of Ireland, inside and outside the pale, being restored to discipline and united in spirit, were formed into a distinct province of the order, to be governed by an Irish provincial freely chosen in chapter. Thus the Hibernia Dominicana, separated from the authority of the English provincial, was saved from extinction during the dissolution of religious houses under Henry VIII.

Giolla Aedha O'Muidhin, Bishop of Cork, and the naming of Gill Abbey

Cork · city · Cork · 1172

Giolla Aedha O'Muidhin, from the family of Errew of Lough Con in county Mayo, died as Bishop of Cork in 1172. Gill Abbey in Cork derived its name from him. He was succeeded by Gregory, Bishop of Cork, during whose time Dermot MacCarthy granted a new charter to St. Finn-Barr's, or Gill Abbey.

Read the passage

"A.D. 1172. Giolla Aedha* O'Muidhin, of the family of Errew of Lough Con, Bishop of Cork, died. He was a man full of the grace of God, the tower of the virginity and wisdom of his time." This was the Giolla Aedha from whom Gill Abbey derived its name. He came from the borders of Loch Con, in the county Mayo. He was succeeded by Gregory, Bishop of Cork, who died in 1186. It was during his time that Dermot Mac Carthy, King of Cork, made a grant, and gave a new charter to St. Finn-Barr's, or Gill Abbey. We are indebted to the researches of Mr. Daniel Mac Carthy, at the British Museum, for a copy of this interesting document. We give the translation of the Latin copy, marked B.M. Addit. MSS. 4793, fol. 65, in the British Museum : —
* Qiolla Aed/M, the servant of St. Aodh. Gilly still means a youth or servant boy. Giolla rudh, a " red-haired boy;" giolla dubh, a " black-haired boy."— Dr. (? Donovan.

Internet Archive historyofcountyc02gibsiala, Chapter 176

As the companion tells it

As you pass through Cork, this city carries the name of a man who died in 1172. Giolla Aedha O'Muidhin, of the family of Errew of Lough Con in county Mayo, was Bishop of Cork. The record calls him, in its words, "a man full of the grace of God, the tower of the virginity and wisdom of his time." Gill Abbey took its name from him. He was succeeded by Gregory, Bishop of Cork, who died in 1186. During Gregory's time, Dermot MacCarthy, King of Cork, made a grant and gave a new charter to Saint Finn-Barr's, or Gill Abbey. A copy of that document came through the researches of Daniel MacCarthy at the British Museum.

Grand review of United Independent Volunteers in Cork

Cork · city · Cork · 1780

On 31 May 1780, a grand review of the 'United Independent Volunteers' was held in the city of Cork, marking the growing strength and confidence of the volunteer movement in the city.

Read the passage

On the 31st of May, 1780, there was a grand review of the " United Independent Volunteers, " in the city of Cork; and on the 4th of November, of the same year, the anniversary of King William's birth, "some" of the armed societies met, and fired three vollies on the Mall. Irish Protestants were just beginning to open their eyes, and to understand that the bright

Internet Archive historyofcountyc02gibsiala, Chapter 121

As the companion tells it

Cork lies ahead on the road. On the 31st of May, 1780, a grand review of the United Independent Volunteers was held in this city. That same year, on the 4th of November, the anniversary of King William's birth, some of the armed societies met and fired three volleys on the Mall. Irish Protestants were just beginning to open their eyes.

Inchiquin captures Dundalk, Newry and Trim Castle

Trim Castle · monument · Meath · 1649

After taking Drogheda, Lord Inchiquin moved on to Dundalk, then Newry, and then Trim Castle, taking all these places before marching back to rejoin the main royalist army under Ormond at Finglass.

Read the passage

The Marquis of Ormond was equally unfortunate on land. He assembled a force of 8,000 foot and 2,000 horse at Carlow. His lieutenant, Lord Inchiquin, with a part of this army, pressed forward to Drogheda, which surrendered after seven days, on honorable terms, the garrison, consisting of six hundred men, receiving permission to march to Dublin. Inchiquin's next move was on Dundalk ; from Dundalk to Newry, and from Newry to Trim Castle, taking all these places. He then marched back and rejoined the main body of the royalist army under Ormond, which lay at Finglass, about two miles to the north of Dublin.
From Finglass they advanced to Kathmines. The parliamentary army in Dublin, under the command of General Jones, had received considerable reinforcements. Ormond, who was aware of this when too late for retreat, and who had watched a considerable portion of the night, expecting an attack, had retired to rest, when he was aroused by the shouts of the assailants. Some accounts say that he had 4,000 slain and 2,500 taken prisoner, but this is much over the mark. He

Internet Archive historyofcountyc02gibsiala, Chapter 48

As the companion tells it

This is Trim Castle, right here. In 1649 Lord Inchiquin took it, as part of a swift campaign after the fall of Drogheda. The Marquis of Ormond had assembled 8,000 foot and 2,000 horse at Carlow. His lieutenant, Lord Inchiquin, pressed forward with part of that army to Drogheda, which surrendered after seven days on honourable terms. The garrison there, 600 men, received permission to march to Dublin. Inchiquin's next move was on Dundalk, from Dundalk to Newry, and from Newry to Trim Castle, taking all these places. He then marched back and rejoined the main body of the royalist army under Ormond, which lay at Finglass, about two miles to the north of Dublin. From Finglass they advanced to Rathmines. The parliamentary army in Dublin, under General Jones, had received considerable reinforcements. Ormond, aware of this when too late for retreat, had watched much of the night expecting an attack, then retired to rest, only to be aroused by the shouts of the assailants. Some accounts say he had 4,000 slain and 2,500 taken prisoner, though this is much over the mark.

Irish royalists march from Ballyhoura to Mallow

Mallow · town · Cork · 1642

After St. Leger disbanded his forces, the Irish royalist army under Lord Mountgarret marched from the Ballyhoura mountain to Buttevant, and from Buttevant to Mallow, where General Barry, a veteran of the Spanish army, assumed command of the Munster army as nominated by the Irish Confederate Council.

Read the passage

The Irish royalists, or Irish loyal Catholics, then under the command of Lord Mountgarret,f marched from the Ballyhoura mountain to Buttevant, and from Buttevant to Mallow, where General Barry, who had
* Kinalmeaky, from Ceann-neal-meacon, " The head of a noble root." t Lord Mountgarret, i. e., Richard Butler. He was a descendant of the eighth Earl of Ormond. He married Margaret, daughter of Hugh O'Neill, Earl of Tyrone. His son, Edmund, married the daughter of Lord Castlehaven, general ofthe Irish army, of whom we shall speak by and bye.

Internet Archive historyofcountyc02gibsiala, Chapter 32

King William's-town sold in Encumbered Estates Court

Kingwilliamstown · townland · Cork · 1858

Vincent Scully purchased King William's-town and Upper and Lower Glen Collin, then sold them in the Encumbered Estates Court in 1858 to Nicholas Dunscombe, who made King William's-town House his permanent residence and expended money on improvements.

Read the passage

King- William's- town, in the parish of Nohoval and the barony of Duhallow, is about ten miles from Millstreet, and the same distance from Castle Island. It is of recent erection and is called after William IY. The crown lands, in the centre of which it is situated, formed part of the forfeited territory of the O'Keeffes. A lease of these lands was granted, more than a century ago, to the Cronin family, f On its expiration, the Commissioners of Woods and Forests commenced, in 1832, a series of experimental improvements in drain. ing, planting, building, and road -making, on which they expended £17,000 ; the grand juries of Cork and Kerry adding nearly .£8,000, making a total of about £25,000. The improved land was then put up for purchase. Mr. Vincent Scully, one of the present members for the county Cork, purchased King - William's-town and Upper and Lower Glen Collin, which he sold in the Encumbered Estates Court, in- 1858, to the present proprietor, Nicholas Dunscombe, Esquire, North Mall, Cork, who has expended a great deal of money, and displayed much skill and enterprise on their improvement. He now makes King- William'stown House his permanent residence. The village
* Duaragil Castle. — This picturesque castle, overhanging the bants of the Black-water, has been greatly improved by Doctor Justice of Mallow, whose famil has been in to the sept the barony of Duhallow.

Internet Archive historyofcountyc02gibsiala, Chapter 249

Lamps broken outside South Gate, Cork, 1773

near South Gate · street · Dublin · 1773

On 28 July 1773, an evil-minded person broke every lamp outside South Gate in Cork. This was part of a pattern of citizens resorting to summary destruction of lamps, having found no legal mode of extinguishing them.

Read the passage

We conclude from the next entry bearing on the matter, that no legal mode of putting out the lamps was discovered by those Red House, or red hot citizens ; they, therefore, adopted the summary mode of breaking the lamps. " Some evil-minded person broke every lamp outside South Gate, on the 28th of July, 1773." About fifty lamps were broken in Blarney Lane, on the night of the 13th of March, 1774. From this period things began to look brighter in the city. In 1790, there were one thousand six hundred lamps.
Two or three years after this we find the citizens bestirring themselves in the way of improvement. At the assizes, held on the 22nd of August, 1808, the following presentments were passed. " For covering over, and filling, 80 feet in length of Lapp's Island dock, and making sewers, £200 ; for building a well, for the supply of water, near Skiddy-acre Lane, £28, 19s. ; £149, for arching over 112 feet in length of the Watercourse stream ; £13, 5s., for building a fan-arch over part of the Watercourse stream ; £57, 12s. 9d.r for building walls at each side of the ditch from the Mardyke Walk to the ferry opposite Sunday 's- well ; £17 2s. 6d., for taking down 188 feet in length of an old wall, to widen the road leading from Cork to Blackrock ; £500 towards building a new gaol."

Internet Archive historyofcountyc02gibsiala, Chapter 160

As the companion tells it

Somewhere about South Gate, in 1773, the citizens of Cork had a problem with lamps. They could find no legal way of putting them out, so they took to breaking them. The record calls them red-hot citizens, and on the 28th of July 1773, some evil-minded person broke every lamp outside South Gate. The source quotes it plain: some evil-minded person broke every lamp outside South Gate, on the 28th of July, 1773. It did not stop there. About fifty lamps were broken in Blarney Lane on the night of the 13th of March, 1774. After that, things began to look brighter in the city. By 1790, there were one thousand six hundred lamps. A few years later, the citizens were busy with improvements again. At the assizes held on the 22nd of August 1808, money was granted for covering part of Lapps Island dock, building a well near Skiddy-acre Lane, arching over the Watercourse stream, building walls along the ditch from the Mardyke Walk, widening the road from Cork to Blackrock, and five hundred pounds towards building a new gaol.

Lord Wimbledon's forces lodged at Kinsale

Kinsale · town · Cork

When Lord Wimbledon arrived at Kinsale with the king's forces, Lord Cork took ten companies of foot, many weak and wounded, and lodged and dieted them for near three months upon his own tenants.

Read the passage

" When Lord Wimbleton arrived at Kinsale, with the king's forces, Lord Cork took ten companies of foot, many of them being weak and wounded, and lodged and dieted them, near three months, upon his
* Edward Legge. He married Mary, daughter of Pierce Walsh, of Mallow, by whom he had six sons and seven daughters. He was the first Protestant of his family, but most of his children were brought up in the Catholic i'aich by his wife. —Collins? Peer, of England, v. iii, p. 102.

Internet Archive historyofcountyc02gibsiala, Chapter 16

As the companion tells it

You're coming through Kinsale in Cork. When Lord Wimbledon arrived here with the king's forces, Lord Cork took ten companies of foot, many of them weak and wounded, and lodged and dieted them for near three months upon his own tenants.

Monkstown chapel and Benedictine tradition

Monkstown · townland · Cork · 1300–1700

Monkstown is said to derive its name from a small Benedictine establishment called Legan Abbey, belonging to the Priory of St. John, Waterford. Monks received a land grant from the MacCarthys in the fourteenth century and built a small chapel whose four walls still stand in Monkstown churchyard, later used as a domestic chapel by the Archdeacons.

Read the passage

Monkstown, in the barony of Kerricurrihy, is beautifully situated on the shore of what may be styled the inner harbour. Some say it derives its name from a small establishment of Benedictine monks, called Legan Abbey, belonging to the Priory of St. John, Waterford ; and that the monks received a grant of land from the Mac Carthys, in the fourteenth century. Here they built the small chapel,* the four walls of which are still standing in Monkstown churchyard, and which was used as a domestic chapel by the Archdeacons.
Dive Downes says, writing in 1700, " I saw Monkstown church. The church walls, built with lime and sand, are still standing. The timber of the roof is up, and some slates on it.'7 We conclude from the following passage, from an old family document, put into my hands by the late Robert Shaw, Esquire, f that this church was built by John Archdeacon.

Internet Archive historyofcountyc02gibsiala, Chapter 212

New Gothic church at Ballymodan

Ballymodan · parish · Cork · 1614–1847

A new Gothic church was erected on the site of the old church of Ballymodan, with its foundation laid by the Earl of Bandon in 1847. The first Earl of Cork had previously contributed a year's rent towards building a church at Bandon-bridge, recorded in his diary of 1614.

Read the passage

A beautiful new church, in the purest Gothic, has been lately erected on the site of the old church of Ballymodan. The foundation was laid on the 9th of March, 1847, by the Earl of Bandon, who subscribed £500 towards its re-erection. To aid the building of the former edifice, the first Earl of Cork says, (in his Diary, Sept. 10th, 1614,) "1 gave my yeare's rent of my p'sonadge of Bally modane, as a help towards the bwylding of the new church at Bandon-bridge." The present new church was not built before it was required. There are about 1,400 Protestants in the parish of Ballymodan.
About a mile to the south-west of the town is Castle Bernard,* the splendid mansion and noble park of the

Internet Archive historyofcountyc02gibsiala, Chapter 255

Parliamentary troops seize £4,000 from Sir Robert Tynte near Youghal

Youghal · town · Cork · 1642

St. Leger permitted parliamentary troops in need of supplies to seize £4,000 that Sir Robert Tynte of Youghal was transporting to England. Tynte was later compensated with a grant of land between Youghal and Castlemartyr, his castle of Ballycrenane standing near Ballycotton Bay.

Read the passage

The parliamentary troops are in need of everything, so much so that St. Leger permits them to seize £4,000, which Sir Robert Tynte, of Youghal, was transporting into England. Tynte was afterwards recompensed by the grant of land* between Youghal and Castlemartyr. Lord Cork says, writing to the Earl of Warwick, "Before this rebellion, my revenue, besides my houses, demesnes, parks, and other royalties, did yield me fifty pounds a day rent. I do vow unto your lordship that I have not now fifty pence a week coming to me." He had to provide in Youghal for fifteen companies, who were fed on salt beef, barrelled butter, and biscuit— " with water to drink," — " which," says his lordship, "made a rich churchyard and a weak garrison."
Lord Inchiquin, when greatly driven for supplies, called a council of war, which decided on seizing the

Internet Archive historyofcountyc02gibsiala, Chapter 37

Pikes fabricated in Cork for rebellion

Cork · city · Cork · 1798

An immense quantity of pikes were manufactured in Cork as part of the United Irish conspiracy. Measures were concerted for taking the magazines, and conspirators were so confident of success that poles were prepared fitted to bayonet sockets.

Read the passage

" Such was the rapidity of the organization," says Sir Richard Musgrave, " that in all the country contiguous to Mallow, Doneraile, and Charleville, the mass of the people was sworn, and all the Protestants were disarmed, in the course of a few nights." He goes on to say, " An immense quantity of pikes were fabricated in Cork. Measures were concerted for taking the magazines, and so sure were the conspirators of succeeding, that poles were prepared, exactly fitted to the socket of a bayonet."
But 1798, as far as this county was concerned, went off without any remarkable outbreak or rebel demonstration. This, at least, is the testimony of the Marquis Cornwallis, who, in writing to the Duke of Portland, says, " There has been an inconsiderable rising between Bandon and Clonakilty, but the rebels were soon routed and dispersed. I have heard that the object [of the

Internet Archive historyofcountyc02gibsiala, Chapter 130

As the companion tells it

As the road brings you through Cork, this city carries a quieter story from 1798 than you might expect. Sir Richard Musgrave wrote that the organisation was so rapid that around Mallow, Doneraile, and Charleville, the mass of the people was sworn and the Protestants disarmed in the course of a few nights. He said an immense quantity of pikes were fabricated in Cork. Measures were concerted for taking the magazines, and the conspirators were so sure of succeeding that poles were prepared, exactly fitted to the socket of a bayonet. But the year went off without any remarkable outbreak in the county. The Marquis Cornwallis, writing to the Duke of Portland, said there had been an inconsiderable rising between Bandon and Clonakilty, but the rebels were soon routed and dispersed.

Prison break from North Gaol, Cork

Blackpool · townland · Cork · 1782

Criminals in the north gaol of Cork cut through the floor using saws, broke into the room where keys were kept, and five prisoners lowered themselves into the streets with a rope. Among the escapees was the notorious 'Jack-a-boy,' who was recaptured the following morning at Blackpool.

Read the passage

"Dec. 27th, 1782. The criminals in the north gaol, by the assistance of saws, cut their way through the floor into the room where the keys were kept, which they broke open and got into the upper apartments, and by making a rope fast, five let themselves down into the streets and escaped ; among the number was the noted Jack-a-boy, who was apprehended early on the following morning at Blackpool, and conducted back to his old lodgings.
" Sept. 20th, 1785. An attempt was made by the criminals in north gaol to escape. To effect their purpose, they broke several of the inside doors to get to the top of the gaol, and from thence three conveyed themselves down by tying their blankets and sheets together. John Callaghan, otherwise Jack-a-boy, a most notorious offender, and one Linehan, under sentence of transportation, escaped; but the third was retaken, under a boat on one of the quays.

Internet Archive historyofcountyc02gibsiala, Chapter 101

Saunders as governor of Kinsale defies Cromwell for Parliament

Kinsale · town · Cork · 1654

In 1654, Colonel Saunders, as governor of Kinsale, joined with Colonel Phaire of Cork in declaring for the English Parliament against Cromwell, after Cromwell entered Parliament with armed men and expelled the members.

Read the passage

Carlyle calls Phaire, or Phayr, " He of the hinges death-warrant" Whatever may have been his acts, in the affair of the king's death, he was a consistent republican. We find him, as governor of Cork in 1654, and Colonel Saunders as governor of Kinsale, declaring for the English Parliament, and against Cromwell, when that great English general and dictator entered the house, with three hundred armed men, and turned out the members. But we do not find Phaire's name among the Committee appointed to wait on Cromwell, and ask him to accept the crown. The second name on that list is " Lord Broghill," who was one of the speakers in that farce to " Advise your highness to assume the title and office of king" His speech, which is a long one, and the Lord Protector's reply, may be seen in an interesting work called " TREASON'S MASTERPIECE ; or, a Conference held at Whitehall, between Oliver, the late Usurper, and a Committee of the then Pretended Parliament, who desired him to take upon him the title of the King of England, with an intent to exclude the royal line, wherein," continues the title page, which — like a Scotch grace, is as long as my arm — "many of the leading men of those times did, by unanswerable argu-
126 HISTORY OF CORK.

Internet Archive historyofcountyc02gibsiala, Chapter 66

As the companion tells it

You are approaching Kinsale, a town in Cork. In 1654, Colonel Saunders was governor here, and he joined with Colonel Phaire, governor of Cork, in declaring for the English Parliament against Cromwell. This came after Cromwell entered the house with 300 armed men and turned out the members. Carlyle calls Phaire "He of the hinges death-warrant," and calls him a consistent republican. Phaire's name does not appear among the Committee appointed to wait on Cromwell and ask him to accept the crown. The second name on that list is Lord Broghill, who was one of the speakers in what the book calls that farce, advising Cromwell to assume the title and office of king. His speech and the Lord Protector's reply may be found in a work called "TREASON'S MASTERPIECE; or, a Conference held at Whitehall, between Oliver, the late Usurper, and a Committee of the then Pretended Parliament, who desired him to take upon him the title of the King of England, with an intent to exclude the royal line." The title page, which is as long as my arm, notes that many of the leading men of those times did, by unanswerable argu-

Tracton Abbey — Cistercian foundation with relic of the true cross

near Tracton · parish · Cork · 1224

A Cistercian abbey was founded at Tracton by Mac Carthy in 1224, populated by monks from Alba Lauda in Wales. Great multitudes resorted there because the monks were reported to possess a portion of the true cross. By the time of Smith's writing it was quite demolished.

Read the passage

Four miles to the south of Carrigaline is the parish of Tracton, where there was an Abbey of Cistercian monks, founded by Mac Carthy in 1224. The monks, who came from Alba Lauda, in Wales, called the abbey De Alba Tractu. Great multitudes resorted here, as it was reported the monks were in possession of a portion of the true cross.
Sir James Craig and Henry Gilford got a grant of the abbey and abbey lands from Elizabeth in 1568, on paying the sum of £7 15s. Sir James Craig assigned his interest to the Earl of Cork, in the seventh year of James I. Smith, writing more than a hundred years ago, says, " It is now quite demolished, and near it is the seat of Samuel Daunt, Esquire."

Internet Archive historyofcountyc02gibsiala, Chapter 221

Youghal churchyard: round tower and cannon

Youghal · town · Cork

A round tower and six old pieces of cannon spring from the western wall of the churchyard at Youghal, erected by Rev. P. W. Drew. An inscription notes the guns defended the town in ancient times, referencing Frenchmen landing at Monastray and being made to scamper away.

Read the passage

Springing from the western wall of the churchyard is a round tower, and six old pieces of cannon, with this inscription : — " This tower was erected, and these guns placed here, by the Rev. P. W. Drew. They defended the town in ancient time : —
" Just hear what the old fellows say, When Frenchmen landed at Monastray, One of us made them scamper away."

Internet Archive historyofcountyc02gibsiala, Chapter 238

Youghal railway completed by D. Leopold Lewis

Youghal · town · Cork

The railway from Cork to Youghal, twenty-seven miles, was completed through the ability, enterprise, and capital of D. Leopold Lewis of London, who had lately purchased the town of Youghal from the Duke of Devonshire. The railway had been commenced years earlier but broke down.

Read the passage

THE distance by rail, from Cork to Youghal, is twentyseven miles. The completion of this railway, which was commenced many years ago and broke down, is altogether owing to the ability, enterprise, and capital of D. Leopold Lewis, Esquire, of London, who has lately purchased the town of Youghal from the Duke of Devonshire.
The principal stations on the Youghal line of railway, are Carrigtohill, Midleton and Killeagh.

Internet Archive historyofcountyc02gibsiala, Chapter 232

Hely Hutchinson returned for Cork City, 1812

Cork · city · Cork · 1812

Mr. Hutchinson, nephew of Lord Donoughmore, was returned as MP for Cork city in 1812 amid extraordinary public enthusiasm. The Cork Mercantile Chronicle described the chairing scene as unprecedented in Cork or its environs.

Read the passage

Party politics ran very high in both the county and city of Cork, to the time of the passing of the Catholic Emancipation Act in 1829. The Cork Mercantile Chronicle, speaking of the success of Mr. Hutchinson, the nephew of Lord Donoughmore, who was returned for the city in 1812, says, "If an angel could envy the situation of a human being, elevated to the pinnacle of honour by the enthusiastic gratitude of his fellow-beings, he would yesterday have envied the Honourable Christopher Hely Hutchinson. Never did we witness such a scene. Never did the oldest person hear from his progenitors the traditionary description of such an exhibition in Cork or its environs."
Mr. John Hely,* the son of Christopher Hutchinson,

Internet Archive historyofcountyc02gibsiala, Chapter 152

As the companion tells it

Coming through Cork. Party politics ran high in the county and city here before the Catholic Emancipation Act of 1829. In 1812, Mr. Hutchinson, nephew of Lord Donoughmore, was returned as MP for the city. The Cork Mercantile Chronicle wrote: "If an angel could envy the situation of a human being, elevated to the pinnacle of honour by the enthusiastic gratitude of his fellow-beings, he would yesterday have envied the Honourable Christopher Hely Hutchinson." The paper said they had never witnessed such a scene, and that the oldest person had never heard from his progenitors the traditional description of such an exhibition in Cork or its environs.

Glanworth Castle ruins on the Funcheon

Glanworth · town · Cork

On a rock above the Funcheon stand the ruins of Glanworth Castle, occupied as late as 1601 by a Lord Fermoy. The ruins consist of a square tower or keep connected to a more modern building containing state apartments, enclosed by strong walls defended at each angle by a round tower.

Read the passage

The village of Glanworth, to the west of Kilworth, and five miles south west of Mitchelstown, is also on the Funcheon. The district was anciently called Glanore, or Glen-Oir, " the Golden Glen," from its great fertility. On a rock, above the Funcheon, are the ruins of Glanworth Castle, which was occupied as late as 1601, by a Lord Fermoy. The ruins consist of a square tower or keep, connected with which was a more modern building, of superior construction, containing the state apartments, within a quadrilateral, enclosed by strong walls, defended at each angle by
* Earl of Mountcashel.— He was born the 20th of August, 1792, and succeeded to the title of third earl in October, 1822. His eldest son, Stephen, Lord Kilworth, was born llth of March, 1825.

Internet Archive historyofcountyc02gibsiala, Chapter 241

Aghadoe House: estate held by de Capell family since 1172

Aghadoe · townland · Cork · 1172

Aghadoe House, residence of Sir Arthur de Capell Brooke, had remained in the same family more than 600 years, granted in 1172 to Philip de Capell who came over with Fitz-Stephen. It is called by the peasantry 'the maiden estate' to distinguish it from numerous forfeited properties nearby.

Read the passage

The town consists of one regular street, neatly built, containing about 150 houses. A nunnery is said to have been founded here, in the 7th century, by St. Abban, near the spot where the parish church now stands. A very handsome new Catholic chapel has just been built here. There is a railway station here. Near the town, and on the rising ground, above the road to Youghal, is Drondihy House and demesne, the seat of Eoger Green Davis ; here, also, is Mount Uniacke, the residence of Norman Uniacke, and Aghadoe House, which is thus described by a writer, in 1836. The principal seat is Aghadoe House, the residence of Sir Arthur de Capell f Brooke, baronet, not more remarkable for natural beauties than for its having remained in the same family more than 600 years, while nearly all the other estates in the South of Ireland have been confiscated. It was granted, in 1172, to Philip de Capell, lineal ancestor of the present baronet, and is called by the peasantry " the maiden estate," to distinguish it from the numerous forfeited properties in its vicinity.
Smith speaks of " Aghada, the house and plantations of Richard Supple." Eichard Brooke Supple, F.B.S., assumed the sign manual, and the original surname of

Internet Archive historyofcountyc02gibsiala, Chapter 234

Armed societies fire volleys on the Mall in Cork

The Mall · street · Cork · 1780

On 4 November 1780, the anniversary of King William's birth, some of the armed volunteer societies met on the Mall in Cork and fired three volleys, reflecting the intersection of Protestant tradition and the emerging volunteer movement.

Read the passage

On the 31st of May, 1780, there was a grand review of the " United Independent Volunteers, " in the city of Cork; and on the 4th of November, of the same year, the anniversary of King William's birth, "some" of the armed societies met, and fired three vollies on the Mall. Irish Protestants were just beginning to open their eyes, and to understand that the bright

Internet Archive historyofcountyc02gibsiala, Chapter 121

Berkeley's annual charity to Cloyne and Aghada poor

Cloyne · town · Cork · 1752

Before leaving Cloyne for Oxford in 1752, Berkeley arranged for £200 to be distributed annually among poor householders of Cloyne, Aghada, and neighbouring villages. This was his last act as bishop before departing.

Read the passage

He left Cloyne for Oxford in the July of 1752, in order to superintend the education of his son. As he disapproved of non-residence, he offered to resign his bishopric, but the king would not hear of it, allowing . him to live where he pleased. His last act, before leaving Cloyne, was to make an arrangement by which £200 was distributed annually among the poor householders of Cloyne, Aghada, and the neighbouring villages. He left Cloyne for Oxford, in July, 1752. On Sunday evening, January 14th, 1753, he was lying on his couch, listening to one of Bishop Sherlock's sermons, which his wife was reading to him, when he was seized with what his physicians called a palsey of the heart, and expired so suddenly and quietly, that it was only when his daughter went to give him a cup of tea she perceived he was dead. His remains were interred in Christ Church, Oxford, where a monument is erected to his memory. In person he was stout and well made ; his face was benignant and expressive, his manners kind and polite, and his conversation, when excited, on the independent selfexistence of matter, or the virtues of tar water, warm, animated, and enthusiastic.
Crofton Croker describes the town of Cloyne, in 1824, as straggling and miserable, composed of mud cabins and an inferior description of houses. In 1800 the number of houses was 308, and people 1600. In 1813 it contained about 2,000 inhabitants. In 1838 the number was 2,227. The town consists of two streets, intersecting each other at right angles. The number of houses is about 350, which are small and irregularly built. The only manufacture in the town

Internet Archive historyofcountyc02gibsiala, Chapter 230

Bishop's house at Ross burnt by rebels

Ross Carbery · town · Cork · 1582–1620

Bishop William Lyon expended £300 on the bishop's house at Ross. According to Ware, the house was burnt three years later by Doncoun, described as a rebel.

Read the passage

Bishop Lyon expended £300 on the bishop's house at Eoss, which, "Ware says, was burnt three years after by Doncoun, the rebel.* The bishop died at an advanced age, on the 4th of October, 1617, and was buried in St. Finn-Barr's cathedral. There is a very good picturef of this bishop in the present bishop's palace.
" A.D. 1618-1620. John Boyle, brother to Eobert, Earl of Cork, was ordained bishop in 1618, and died in 1620. He was buried in Youghal."

Internet Archive historyofcountyc02gibsiala, Chapter 179

As the companion tells it

Coming up through Ross Carbery in Cork. Bishop William Lyon spent £300 on the bishop's house here, but Ware says it was burnt three years later by Doncoun, described as a rebel. Lyon himself lived on to an advanced age, dying on the 4th of October 1617, and was buried in St. Finn-Barr's cathedral.

Blackpool glen cutting the northern mountain chain

Blackpool · townland · Cork

The opening or glen called Blackpool, also known as the Watercourse, cuts the chain of mountains on the northern side of the river in Cork. Its Irish name Dubhlinne still signifies its original name.

Read the passage

We now cross the opening or glen — called Blackpool, or the Watercourse — which cuts the chain of mountains on the northern side of the river. On Patrick's hill, which forms the eastern spur of the Glanmire ridge of hills, stands Barry's castle. The site is still pointed out on old maps. The castle is now called Audley House, and is in the possession of our respected fellow-citizen, Mr. Keane. On this side of the river lay the three cantreds of ground granted by Henry II. to Fitzstephen, which Fitzstephen left to his nephew, Philip de Barry, and which King John confirmed to William de Barry. The Barrymore property lies chiefly on the north bank of the river and harbour of Cork.
The Catholic Church of St. Patrick, on the Lower Glanmire Koad, was erected in 1845 by the Eight Rev* Doctor Murphy, Catholic Bishop of Cork. It is a handsome Grecian edifice, by no means unworthy of the refined taste of the architect, Mr. G. R. Paine.

Internet Archive historyofcountyc02gibsiala, Chapter 194

Captain Batten killed at siege of Dungarvan

Dungarvan · town · Waterford

Sir Richard Cox's mother had previously been married to Captain Batten, who was killed at the siege of Dungarvan. She did not long survive this second calamity and died the following winter from consumption brought on by grief.

Read the passage

Were walking together. His mother, " an ingenious and pretty black woman," was daughter to Walter Bird, " thrice sovereign, and a long time Eecorder of Clonakilty." She had been married before, but her former husband, Captain Batten, was killed at the siege of Dungarvan. She did not long survive the second calamity, but, " through greef, fell into consumption, and died the following winter." Eichard Cox's uncle, John Bird, took care of the future Lord Chancellor, and sent him to school to Thomas Barry, of Clonakilty, where he made some progress in classics, rhetoric, logic, and physics. He attributes his success in life to his honesty. Let us hear his account of it :
" The rise of my fortune sprung from a principle of honesty, and I thank Gbd I can truly say, that from my infancy, I have had a great regard for religion, sincerity, and virtue. I owed a cob,* which, by driblets, I had lost at the truck-table, and being dunned for it, I stole one from my uncle, but being checked by my principle, I restored it immediately, and resolved to take some lawful course to pay that debt, and furnish myself with more money."

Internet Archive historyofcountyc02gibsiala, Chapter 261

Catholic Cathedral built on north side of Cork, 1808

Cork · city · Cork · 1729–1808

The Catholic Cathedral stands on a commanding height on the north side of Cork city, described by Windele as presenting one of the richest specimens of florid Gothic in Ireland. It was built in 1808 on the site of an older church built in 1729 by the Catholic Bishop Timothy MacCarthy, and the present cathedral church was founded by the Rev. D. Moylan.

Read the passage

THE CATHOLIC CATHEDRAL stands on a commanding height on the north side of the city. It is now, with its massive square tower, a noble ecclesiastical structure. Mr. Windele says its interior " presents one of the richest specimens of the florid gothic in Ireland." The altar and ceiling are gorgeously decorated. It was built in 1808, on the site of an older church, built in 1729, by the Eight Eeverend Timothy Mac Carthy, Catholic Bishop of Cork and Cloyne. The present cathedral church was founded by the Eev. D. Moylan.
The Yery Eev. Dean Murphy has been kind enough to furnish me with the following list of Catholic Bishops, and the year of their appointment : —

Internet Archive historyofcountyc02gibsiala, Chapter 188

As the companion tells it

On a commanding height on the north side of Cork stands the Catholic Cathedral, with its massive square tower, a noble ecclesiastical structure. Windele says its interior presents one of the richest specimens of the florid Gothic in Ireland. The altar and ceiling are gorgeously decorated. It was built in 1808 on the site of an older church, built in 1729 by the Right Reverend Timothy MacCarthy, Catholic Bishop of Cork and Cloyne. The present cathedral church was founded by the Reverend D. Moylan.

Church of Courtmather ruins near Sandy Cove

Courtmacsherry · town · Cork

Near Sandy Cove on the Old Head of Kinsale are the ruins of a church known as Courtmather, built of unhewn stone and shell mortar, measuring about thirty-five by twenty feet, entered by a low narrow door in the western gable, and described by the Rev. John H. Hopkins, Rector of Kinsale.

Read the passage

Ceann-saile, " the head of the sea." The promontory which juts out about six miles to the south-east, is called the Old Head of Kinsale. Here was an ancient encampment,* on the site of which stand the ruins of a De Courcy castle. Miles de Courcy, son of the celebrated John de Courcy, married a De Cogan, and built a castle on the Old Head. The Ordnance map has a " church in ruins " near Sandy Cove, on the old head. The Kev. John H. Hopkins, Eector of Kinsale, says: — "The church is built of unhewn stone, and mortar made from burned shells. The building is oblong, measuring about thirty-five feet by twenty. It was entered by a low narrow door in the western gable, and lighted by slits like those in the staircase of an old castle, two of which remain. The eastern gable is surmounted by a rudely constructed circular arch, j- and slightly bayed ; the other is also bayed, and surmounted by a flat stone. The ruin is known as the church of Courtmather."
Kinsale is one of the oldest corporate towns in Ireland. The preamble of the charter, 7 of Edward III. says, " the town was surrounded by Irish enemies and English rebels, and that the burgesses had always obeyed the king's orders in repelling the same, who had often, by sea and land, assailed the town." The power of choosing a sovereign or mayor was granted by this charter, for their loyalty. But Kinsale did

Internet Archive historyofcountyc02gibsiala, Chapter 256

As the companion tells it

As the road takes you through Courtmacsherry, we are near the Old Head of Kinsale, a promontory that juts out about six miles to the south-east. The name Kinsale comes from Ceann-saile, the head of the sea. On the Old Head stood an ancient encampment, and on its site stand the ruins of a De Courcy castle. Miles de Courcy, son of the celebrated John de Courcy, married a De Cogan and built a castle on the Old Head. Near Sandy Cove the Ordnance map marks a church in ruins, and the Reverend John H. Hopkins, Rector of Kinsale, described it. He said the church is built of unhewn stone and mortar made from burned shells. The building is oblong, measuring about thirty-five feet by twenty. It was entered by a low narrow door in the western gable, and lighted by slits like those in the staircase of an old castle, two of which remain. The eastern gable is surmounted by a rudely constructed circular arch and slightly bayed; the other is also bayed and surmounted by a flat stone. The ruin is known as the church of Courtmather. Kinsale is one of the oldest corporate towns in Ireland. The preamble of the charter, 7 of Edward III, says the town was surrounded by Irish enemies and English rebels, and that the burgesses had always obeyed the king's orders in repelling the same, who had often, by sea and land, assailed the town. The power of choosing a sovereign or mayor was granted by this charter, for their loyalty.

Cloyne burial tradition of holy bishop Ryan

Cloyne · town · Cork

An old manuscript in the British Museum records that the best bloods of Ireland chose Cloyne for burial through the power of the holy bishop Ryan, so that souls of those buried there would never be adjudged to damnation. The churchyard was divided among these families by consent of Ryan and his clerks.

Read the passage

" In the life of Ryan it is set down, that the best bloods of Ireland have chosen their bodies to be buried in Cloyne, which choice, for that Ryan had such power, being a holy bishop, through
* Filiua Lenini. — He is called Coleman Mac Lenine. He ia thought to have been cousin-germain to St. Bridget.

Internet Archive historyofcountyc02gibsiala, Chapter 228

Cork called dirtiest city in the empire, 1804

Cork · city · Cork · 1804–1805

As late as 1804, Cork was distinguished as the 'dirtiest in the empire.' In October 1805 the mayor seized pigs filling the conservator's pig-traps, which owners had turned into the streets to forage under cover of a wet day.

Read the passage

1804, as the "dirtiest in the empire." "The mayor seized as many pigs this morning, Oct. 9, 1805, as filled the conservator's pig-traps, which the owners, under the security of a wet day, had turned into the streets to provide for themselves." The following paragraph appeared in the Cork Mercantile Chronicle, on the 3rd of April, 1805 :—
" Our total indifference in this city, to everything which concerns our public accommodation and credit, has become a subject of wonder. Our nuisances seem to have a procreative power, and every day seems to shew some vexatious instance of their abominable fecundity. The day-traveller runs the risk of being blinded from the screening of lime ; he is often intercepted in his way by the lagoons of water, which the obstruction of the public sewers retain in the streets; and if he be not rode over by the gallopers who charge along the streets, or run over by the cars, which are whirled along with no less rapidity, he may felicitate himself, on his return home, upon the cheap terms of such injury as he may receive, in tumbling over a few of the many heaps of rubbish which principally occupy our public ways.

Internet Archive historyofcountyc02gibsiala, Chapter 159

Cromlech on Saleen strand, Rostellan demesne

Saleen · population centre · Cork

An ancient cromlech or tomb stands on the strand of Saleen within Rostellan demesne. Its altar-stone fell down but was restored by Doctor Wise. A second cromlech's stones lie near the path above the shore.

Read the passage

THE barony of Imokilly * is distinguished for its old monuments, be they Christian or Druidical. An ancient cromlech, or tomb, stands on the strand of Saleen, within Eostellan demesne. The top, or "altarstone," as it is sometimes called, fell down, but has been restored by Doctor Wise. The stones of a second cromlech are lying near the path above the shore. There is a very fine one in the beautiful demesne of Mr. Longfield, of Castle-Mary. The top stone is 15 feet in length, by 11 in breadth.
Some think these stones are merely monumental, to mark the ashes of the dead ; others, that they are Druidical altars, on which sacrifices were offered. Doctor Smith, speaking of the altar at Castle-Mary, says, " Adjoining it is a large round flag-stone, or table, which was probably used for cutting up the victims for the sacrifice." Again, " This place was called formerly Cot's- rock, from the remains of a Druid's altar." He adds in a note, " This altar was named, in Irish, Carig croith, the Sun's-rock. The

Internet Archive historyofcountyc02gibsiala, Chapter 227

Dungarvan surrenders to Lord Broghill

Dungarvan · town · Waterford · 1649

Dungarvan had newly surrendered to Lord Broghill, who was stationed about ten miles from Cromwell's position with roughly twelve or thirteen hundred Munster horse and foot. Broghill sent a party of horse to inform Cromwell of his proximity during the winter march.

Read the passage

" We marched off the 2nd of this instant, it being so terrible a day as ever I marched in all my life. Just as we marched off in the morning, unexpected to us, the enemy had brought an addition of near two thousand horse and foot to the increase of their garrison, which we plainly saw at the other side of the water. We marched that night some ten or twelve miles, through a craggy country, to Kilmacthomas, a castle some eight miles from Dungarvan. As we were marching off in the morning from thence, the Lord Broghill — I having sent before to him to march up to me — sent a party of horse to let me know he was, with about twelve or thirteen hundred of the Munster horse and foot, about ten miles off, near Dungarvan, which was newly rendered to him."

Internet Archive historyofcountyc02gibsiala, Chapter 58

Famine population collapse in County Cork

Cork · city · Cork · 1846–1851

Between 1846 and 1851, County Cork lost over 200,000 people. The East Riding fell from 460,414 in 1841 to 351,397 in 1851, while the West Riding fell from 312,984 to 211,761 during the same period.

Read the passage

THE tables in pages 531-534 give the baronies, the parishes in each barony, the acreage and population of each parish, in 1841 and 1851, so that at a glance we can see the great decrease which occurred during the famine. The population in the East Biding of Cork, in 1841, was 460,414, which was reduced in 1851 to 351,397, shewing a decrease of 109,027. The population in the West Biding was, in 1841, 312,984, and in 1851 211,761, shewing a decrease of 101,223. It appears from this that the East Biding lost nearly a quarter, and the West Biding nearly a third of its population. But this decrease occurred in five years, for the famine did not begin till 1846. The five years, from 1846 to 1851,* would tell a far more fearful tale than the ten years, from 1841 to 1851. The population in 1846 — the year before the famine — was greater than the population in 1841. I do not think it could have been less than 800,000 ; and this was reduced in five years to 563,148. Some baronies lost nearly half ; in other places nearly all were swept away.
* The five years, from 1846 to 1851. — The increase was not great during this period. The population of England had increased 14 per cent, from 1831 to 1841, while that of Ireland had increased but 5| per cent. When the population was found to press too much upon the labour-market, the natural instinct of safety checked early marriages. There were three marriagable m«n unmarried in Ireland for every two in England, and one in Scotland, between 1831 and 1841.

Internet Archive historyofcountyc02gibsiala, Chapter 271

As the companion tells it

As you pass through Cork, you are moving through a county that lost over 200,000 people between 1841 and 1851. The tables in the records lay out the baronies and parishes, the acreage and population of each, side by side for those two years, so you can see the great decrease at a glance. The East Riding of Cork had 460,414 people in 1841. By 1851 that was down to 351,397, a decrease of 109,027. The West Riding had 312,984 in 1841, and by 1851 it had fallen to 211,761, a decrease of 101,223. The East Riding lost nearly a quarter of its people. The West Riding lost nearly a third. But the famine did not begin until 1846, so those ten-year figures from 1841 to 1851 do not capture the worst of it. The population in 1846 was greater than it had been in 1841. It could not have been less than 800,000, and in five years it was reduced to 563,148. Some baronies lost nearly half their people. In other places nearly all were swept away. The book notes that before the famine, when population pressed too hard on the labour market, the natural instinct of safety checked early marriages. There were three marriageable men unmarried in Ireland for every two in England and one in Scotland between 1831 and 1841.

Fermoy attacked by Brigadier Carroll's forces

Fermoy · townland · Cork · 1691

Fermoy was attacked in January 1691 by Brigadier Carroll at the head of 1500 Irish, but the attack was repulsed by William's Danish auxiliaries and some Irish militia, including fifty horse, under the command of Colonel Donep.

Read the passage

Fermoy was attacked in the January of 1691, by Brigadier Carroll at the head of 1500 Irish, but the attack was repulsed by William's Danish auxiliaries and some Irish militia — fifty horse — under the command of Colonel Donep.
There was a good deal of skirmishing on both sides in the early part of the year 1691, about Bandon, Clonakilty, Rosscarberry, and other places; and a number of the Irish, who were styled "Tories" and

Internet Archive historyofcountyc02gibsiala, Chapter 86

As the companion tells it

Close to Fermoy, in January 1691, Brigadier Carroll led 1500 Irish in an attack on this place. The assault was repulsed by William's Danish auxiliaries and some Irish militia, fifty horse, under Colonel Donep. There was a good deal of skirmishing on both sides in the early part of that year, about Bandon, Clonakilty, Rosscarberry, and other places, and a number of the Irish, who were styled Tories, kept up

Flat strand at Youghal: lost race-course and bogwood

Youghal · town · Cork

The sea is making great inroads on the land along the Youghal shore. The flat strand was once a race-course, and immediately beneath the sand lies a layer of deep peat from which bogwood is often raised. The strand is noted as splendid for sea-bathing.

Read the passage

The sea is making great inroads on the land along this shore. The flat strand was once a race-course. Immediately beneath the sand is a layer of deep peat, from which bogwood is often raised. This is a splendid shore for sea-bathing, and the facilities of travelling between Cork and Youghal, afforded by the new railway, is likely to increase the number of visitors and residents, and the value of building property, as is the case at Queenstown. About a mile and a-half north-east of the town is a timber bridge, erected by George Nimmo, in 1830, which unites Youghal and the county of Cork with the county of Limerick. This bridge is constructed of Memel fir. It is 1,787 feet long, and 22 feet broad. It cost £22,000, besides £8,509, paid to the corporation for the ferry.* The government advanced £10,000 as a loan. Now that the new railroad to Cork is open, a steam ferry will be necessary to ply between the opposite shores, Mr. Lewis has placed a steam-boat on the river, which runs up to Cappoquin.
The population of the town, at the present time, is about 9,000. It was formerly more than this. The woollen trade was carried on here extensively ; there was also a porcelain and fine delf manufactory, but these trades belong to the history of the past.

Internet Archive historyofcountyc02gibsiala, Chapter 236

Flax manufactory at Trabolgan and Kildinan

Kildinan · townland · Cork

Lord Fermoy established an extensive flax manufactory at Trabolgan powered by a steam engine, and jointly with Mr. Dargan set up a similar works at Kildinan. Both stood idle much of the year for want of raw material, as growers did not keep pace.

Read the passage

Fermoy, the Lieutenant of this county. Trabolgan makes a fine appearance from the sea, just before we round the point to enter Cork harbour. The approach to the house from the land side is fully a mile in length. The part of the avenue lying between the triumphal arch and the house, is lighted with gas lamps, which shine out very pleasantly among the trees. Lord Fermoy has established a very extensive, and, as well as we can judge, a most perfect flax manufactory on his property. The machinery is worked by a powerful steam engine; but he does not find the growers keeping pace with him. He united with Mr. Dargan, the great railway contractor, in establishing a similar manufactory at Kildinan, and here, as well as at Trabolgan, the machinery and workmen are idle for a large portion of the year, for want of the raw material. Lord Bandon, his brother, (Colonel Bernard) and Mr. William Shaw, of Woodlands, have laboured for years to promote the growth, and make a market for the sale of flax, but their success bears no proportion to their exertions. Trade cannot be forced ; but as Mr. Maguire, the member for Dungarvan, says, in his Irish Industrial Movement, written on the occasion of the Cork Exhibition, " I can see no reason why there should be for the future so vast a disparity between the quantity grown in Ulster and the quantity grown in the rest of Ireland, as there was in 1851 ; why Ulster should grow 123,726 tons, and the rest of Ireland but 14,893 tons. The soil of Ulster is not more suited to its growth than the soil of Munster ; and the same cro$ which would repay the Ulster farmer for his labor and outlay, would also repay the Munster farmer for his labor and outlay."

Internet Archive historyofcountyc02gibsiala, Chapter 223

Forts of Cork repaired with Earl of Cork's loan

Cork · city · Cork

The forts of Cork had been neglected when French and Spanish threats loomed. The Earl of Cork lent £500 to the Lord President Villiers, with which the forts were made defensible.

Read the passage

" During his government the French and Spaniards gave out, that in revenge for the expedition to Eochelle, they would make a descent in Ireland. The forts of Cork and Waterford having been quite neglected, the Earl of Cork lent £500 to the Lord President Villiers, with which these forts were made defensible.
" When Lord Wimbleton arrived at Kinsale, with the king's forces, Lord Cork took ten companies of foot, many of them being weak and wounded, and lodged and dieted them, near three months, upon his

Internet Archive historyofcountyc02gibsiala, Chapter 16

As the companion tells it

Coming through Cork. The forts here had been quite neglected when the French and Spaniards threatened a descent on Ireland in revenge for the expedition to Rochelle. The Earl of Cork lent 500 pounds to the Lord President Villiers, with which the forts of Cork and Waterford were made defensible. When Lord Wimbleton arrived at Kinsale with the king's forces, Lord Cork took ten companies of foot, many of them weak and wounded, and lodged and dieted them near three months.

Franciscan Friars' church built 1830 near Fishamble Lane

Cork · city · Cork · 1830

Franciscan Friars built their church in 1830 at a cost of £4500 in the Fishamble Lane locality between Cross Street and Duncan Street in Cork. Their original foundation was on the North Mall, called the 'Mirror of Ireland.'

Read the passage

In the Fishamble Lane locality, between Cross Street and Duncan Street — formerly called Grattan Street — we have the house and church of Franciscan Friars. They built their church in 1830, at a cost of £4500. Their original foundation, as we have explained in vol. i., pp. 177-179, was on the North Mall. It was called the "Mirror of Ireland" Dive Downes,* the Protestant Bishop of Cork, describes it in his "Visitation," in 1700, thus: —
" St. Francis' abbey, on the north side of the Lee, in the north suburbs of Cork. The site of it contains a few gardens on the side of the hill, near the abbey.

Internet Archive historyofcountyc02gibsiala, Chapter 173

As the companion tells it

As you pass through Cork, in the Fishamble Lane locality between Cross Street and Duncan Street, formerly called Grattan Street, stands the house and church of the Franciscan Friars. They built their church in 1830 at a cost of £4500. Their original foundation was on the North Mall, and it was called the Mirror of Ireland. Dive Downes, the Protestant Bishop of Cork, described it in his Visitation in 1700 as St. Francis abbey, on the north side of the Lee, in the north suburbs of Cork. He noted the site contained a few gardens on the side of the hill, near the abbey.

Glenbrook Hotel, Baths and Glenbrook House

Glenbrook · valley · Cork

The Hotel and Baths of Glenbrook stand midway between Passage and Monkstown, resembling from the river a Turkish temple on the Bosphorus. On the high ground above the baths is Glenbrook House, the summer residence of Edmund Burke, a deputy lieutenant of the county and a relation of the great statesman of the same name.

Read the passage

The Hotel and Baths of Glenbrook stand midway between Passage and Monkstown. Viewed from the river, they remind the traveller of a Turkish temple on the Bosphorus. On the high ground commanding the baths, is Glenbrook House, the summer residence of Edmund Burke, Esquire, a deputy lieutenant of the county. Carrig-Mahon is a noble mansion, and commands a splendid prospect. Here we have the Turkish baths in perfection, and the hydropathic system, conducted with ability and professional skill, by the proprietor, T. Curtin, Esq., M.D.
Between Carrig-Mahon and Monkstown Pier are the Giant's Stairs, or rather what has been left of them, by the new and beautiful road which winds round the shore beneath Carrig-Mahon demesne and the castle grounds. A vessel, commanded by Captain Cole, foundered and went down in the deep water, at the foot of the Giant's Stairs, in 1758. The stairs led to

Internet Archive historyofcountyc02gibsiala, Chapter 210

Green-Coat School and alms-houses at Shandon

near Shandon · locality · Cork · 1720–1844

The Green-Coat School, established in 1720 in the churchyard of St. Anne's Shandon, educated boys and was supported by bequests including one from Stephen Skiddy of London. Adjacent alms-houses housed Protestant widows and old soldiers, but by 1844 the buildings were described as dirty and broken-down.

Read the passage

* Supported. The children are not supported now. The whole of the buildings, in connexion with these charities, have a dirty and broken-down appearance.
376 HISTORY OF CORK.

Internet Archive historyofcountyc02gibsiala, Chapter 190

As the companion tells it

As you come through Shandon, this was the site of the Green-Coat School, founded in 1720 in the churchyard of St. Anne's. It educated boys, supported by a bequest from Stephen Skiddy of London. Alms-houses beside it sheltered Protestant widows and old soldiers. By 1844 the whole of the buildings had a dirty and broken-down appearance.

Haulbowline Island Elizabethan fort

near Haulbowline Island · population centre · Cork · 1558–1700

Haulbowline Island was a crown estate with an old fort built in Queen Elizabeth's time, already out of repair by 1700. The Earl of Cork formerly served as governor of the island. A chain or cable was at one time drawn nightly from Whitepoint across the channel to prevent vessels passing in the dark.

Read the passage

" I saw Ringskiddy f and Ballybricken. Ringskiddy and Ballybricken are one ploughland and fifteen acres. Ringskiddy makes the point betwixt Carrickaline bay and Raphine brook. There is a heap of rubbish in Mr. Abraham Dickson's orchard at Ballybricken, which was a church heretofore. Captain Hayes remembers the walls standing. The people of both these places pay their tithes to Mr. Folliot, tenant to Dean Synge; nothing is allowed to any clergyman. Island Creagh, Island Core, and Island Cahill, in the harbour of Cork, (being almost unprofitable) belong to the lands of Ringskiddy. Haulbowline Island is the estate of the crown ; there is an old fort on it, built in Queen Elizabeth's time, now out of repair. Formerly the Earl of Cork was governor of it. All these islands, together with Spike Island, belong (as 'tis said) to the Great Island."
We have no difficulty in detecting Rocky Island in Creagh Island, for creagach is rocky in Irish. Core, Chore, or Ford Island, may stand for Eing Island, approached by a ford. Between Spike, Eocky, Haulbowline and Queenstown, is Eat Island, a barren rock. Eocky Island is an important powder magazine, it contains at the present time about 300 tons of powder. Haulbowline, f a depot for naval and military stores.

Internet Archive historyofcountyc02gibsiala, Chapter 213

Hearth-money returns: Cork religious demographics, 1732

Cork · city · Cork · 1732–1733

A return made by the hearth-money collectors in 1732–33 recorded 2,569 Protestant and 5,398 Roman Catholic families in the city of Cork, showing Catholics significantly outnumbered Protestants.

Read the passage

"A.D. 1732. According to a return made by the hearth-money collectors in this and the following year, there were in the city of Cork 2,569 Protestant and 5,398 Eoman Catholic families."
Alexander, after descanting on the decay of the Protestant and the increase of the Boman Catholic

Internet Archive historyofcountyc02gibsiala, Chapter 103

As the companion tells it

Cork, in 1732, the hearth-money collectors counted families by religion. They found 2,569 Protestant families and 5,398 Roman Catholic families in the city. Catholics outnumbered Protestants by more than two to one. A writer named Alexander noted the decay of the Protestant population and the increase of the Catholic.

Lough of Cork on high ground south of city

The Lough · electoral division · Cork · 1690

The Lough of Cork covered an area of about twelve acres on high ground south of the city on the old road to Kinsale. Part of the surrounding ground was called Croehta Mort, or the great cross or gallows, contiguous to Gallows Green.

Read the passage

t Lough of Cork, which covers an area of about twelve acres, lies on the high ground to the south of the city, on the old road to Kinsale. A portion of the ground around it is called in the Ordnance maps, Croehta Mort, or the great cross, or gallows. It lies contiguous to Gallows Green.

Internet Archive historyofcountyc02gibsiala, Chapter 80

As the companion tells it

Up here on high ground south of Cork, the road toward Kinsale passes the Lough of Cork, about 12 acres of water. Part of the ground around it goes by the name Croehta Mort, the great cross or gallows, lying next to Gallows Green. That name carries its own history back into the 1690 landscape.

Mayor of Cork required armed guard during riots, 1761

Cork · city · Cork · 1761

During his last three months of office in 1761, the mayor of Cork, Andrew Franklin, had a serjeant and twelve men mount guard at his door due to the extent of public rioting. Rioting was carried to a fearful extent during the latter half of the 18th century in Cork.

Read the passage

A more serious nuisance than that of the breeches market was that of public rioting, which was carried to a fearful extent during the latter half of the 18th century. The mayor of 1761, Andrew Franklin, had a serjeant and twelve men to mount guard, at his door, during his last three months of office.
" April 28th, 1768. For some weeks past a great number of idle vagabonds had annoyed the city, by assembling in different parts of the suburbs on the Sabbath day, for the purpose of cutting and hacking, not only one another, but any of the inhabitants who might fall in their way. Several pitched battles were appointed to be fought by these gentry about the Maypole."

Internet Archive historyofcountyc02gibsiala, Chapter 106

As the companion tells it

As you travel through Cork, this is a city that knew public rioting carried to a fearful extent during the latter half of the 18th century. The mayor of 1761, Andrew Franklin, had a serjeant and twelve men mount guard at his door during his last three months of office. The trouble went on. On April 28th, 1768, a great number of idle vagabonds had annoyed the city for some weeks past, assembling in different parts of the suburbs on the Sabbath day, for the purpose of cutting and hacking, not only one another, but any of the inhabitants who might fall in their way. Several pitched battles were appointed to be fought by these gentry about the Maypole.

Midleton charter and borough history

Midleton · town · Cork · 1670–1800

Midleton, originally called Chore Abbey from the Abbey of Mary de Chore established by Barry Fitzgerald, received a charter of incorporation from Charles II dated June 10, 1670, constituting it a free borough. It returned members to the Irish parliament before the Union, when it was disfranchised.

Read the passage

Midleton is thirteen miles from Cork. It is so called from its being nearly midway between Cork and Youghal. The original name, as we have already shewn, (vol. i. p. 257,) was Chore Abbey, from the Abbey of Mary de Chore, established by Barry Fitzgerald. The town received a charter of incorporation from Charles II., dated June 10, 1670, which granted to Sir John Brodrick, knt., that his estate should be constituted of the manor of Midleton, with a seneschal, or court baron, and a court of record, with jurisdiction within the manor to the amount of £200, and that the
* Mac Mahons of Clare, where his principal property lies. Mr. Daniel Owen Maddyn tells the following story respecting this property. " The Mac Mahon estate, in the county Clare, now held by Mr. Coppinger, of Barry's Court, was once in great jeopardy, as the Mac Mahons had reason to fear a discoverer. A very spirited, though ancient maiden, a Miss Mac Mahon, resolved to extricate her family by becoming a Protestant. Before doing so, she consulted a friar upon the propriety of her intentions. He very frankly told her, that if for the sake of lucre she would change her creed, she would imperil her soul. " Here goes, then," she cried, " better at any time that the soul of an old maid should go to the devil, than that the property of the Mac Mahons of Clare should go to the Protestants."

Internet Archive historyofcountyc02gibsiala, Chapter 233

Mountjoy warns of famine, February 1603

Cork · city · Cork · 1603

Lord Deputy Mountjoy wrote to the lords of council on 26 February 1603 warning of a dearth and famine already begun and growing to extremity, sufficient to drive quiet estates into confusion and stir towns to seek foreign aid.

Read the passage

It was the policy of the government of the day to foment a bad feeling between the town and country. If the spirit of rebellion which reigned abroad through- Out the country had possessed the towns, the whole kingdom would have passed from under the British rule; the towns were, therefore, chartered, coaxed? and petted. But it was impossible to blind them to the fact, that the town is fed by the country ; that to devastate the country is to starve the city. Though the merchants of Cork would not marry their daughters to farmers, they must buy their wheat and oats, their milk and butter, their sheep and oxen. These things were of more value than charters, "remarkable caps," or chains of gold.* When the pressure from without came, "Waterford shut her gates in the face of the viceroy, and the Beautiful City assumed the imperious airs of a queen. Sir George Carew did not contemplate this when he sent his soldiers through Munster to destroy the food of the people, but the Lord Deputy Mountjoy did, for in his letter to the lords of the council, dated 26th of February, 1603, he speaks of "a dearth and famine which is already begun, and must of necessity grow shortly to extremity; the bent of which alone have been many
* Chains of gold. Queen Elizabeth sent a silver collar of SS. to Maurice Roche, Mayor of Cork in 1571. Henry IV , of England, was the first that gave the " forget-me-not" its poetic meaning, by uniting it on his collar of SS. with his watchword, "souveiyne vous de may." The mayor's collar of SS. is now composed of gold and precious stones, valued at £1,500.

Internet Archive historyofcountyc02gibsiala, Chapter 7

As the companion tells it

The city of Cork is around you now. In February 1603, Lord Deputy Mountjoy wrote to the lords of the council with a warning. He spoke of a dearth and famine already begun, and one that must of necessity grow shortly to extremity. The government had pursued a policy of setting town against country. If the rebellion in the countryside had taken hold in the towns, the whole kingdom would have slipped from British rule. So the towns were chartered, coaxed, and petted. But the towns could not be blinded to one fact: the town is fed by the country. To devastate the country is to starve the city. The merchants of Cork would not marry their daughters to farmers, but they had to buy their wheat and oats, their milk and butter, their sheep and oxen. These things were of more value than charters or chains of gold. When the pressure came, Waterford shut her gates in the face of the viceroy. Sir George Carew did not contemplate this when he sent his soldiers through Munster to destroy the food of the people, but Mountjoy did.

Newmarket — forfeited MacAuliffe estates granted to Aldworths

Newmarket · town · Cork

Newmarket, between four and five miles from Kanturk, formed part of the forfeited estates of the MacAuliffes and was granted to the Aldworth family, who established a new market there, giving the town its name. Newmarket House was the seat of Richard Oliver Aldworth, a descendant of the St. Legers.

Read the passage

Newmarket is between four and five miles from Kanturk. It formed a part of the forfeited estates of the Mac Auliffes, and was granted to the Aid worth family, who established a new market here, hence the name. Newmarket House, the seat of Eichard Oliver Aidworth, a descendant of the St. Legers, is near the town. Here also is Mount Keeffe, and the Priory, formerly the residence of John Philpot Curran. f Curran was a townsman and cotemporary with Barry Yelverton. "When boys they went to school together to Midleton. Yelverton was raised to the Irish peerage in 1736, and to the dignity of Viscount Avonmore, for his services
* The Freemans possessed considerable property in this county. Anne Freeman married Edmund Spenser, a lineal descendant of the poet.

Internet Archive historyofcountyc02gibsiala, Chapter 248

Quaker preacher maintained at Kinsale garrison

Kinsale · town · Cork · 1655–1660

Major Hodder, the governor of Kinsale, kept a Quaker to preach to the soldiers stationed there. This arrangement reflected the spread of Quaker influence among Cromwell's officers in Cork but did not survive the Restoration.

Read the passage

A number of Cromwell's soldiers became Quakers ; nor were these forgotten in the general distribution. Their preaching ability would rather bring them into favor with their officers. Mr. Henry Cromwell, the protector's son, who became Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, informs Thurloe that their meetings were attended by Colonel Phaire and Major Wallace, and most of the chief officers of Cork. Major Hodder, the governor of Kinsale, kept a Quaker to preach to the soldiers. But this state of things did not out-live the restoration. The following biographical sketch of Eichard Pike, a Cork Quaker, will be read with interest : —
" Some years after the rebellion of Ireland, the English government sent an army for the reduction of the country; and in or before the year 1648, my father, then a young man, became acquainted with an officer, a captain of horse, who was ordered over. He offered him a small command, that of a corporal in the

Internet Archive historyofcountyc02gibsiala, Chapter 63

As the companion tells it

As you come through Kinsale, there's a small piece of Quaker history tucked into this garrison town. In the years between 1655 and 1660, Major Hodder, the governor of Kinsale, kept a Quaker to preach to the soldiers stationed here. It wasn't an isolated case. A number of Cromwell's soldiers had become Quakers, and their preaching ability brought them into favour with their officers. Henry Cromwell, the protector's son, who became Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, informed Thurloe that their meetings were attended by Colonel Phaire and Major Wallace, and most of the chief officers of Cork. So Kinsale's arrangement reflected a wider spread of Quaker influence among the Cromwellian officers in Cork. But none of it survived the restoration. When the monarchy returned, this state of things came to an end, and the garrison's Quaker preacher would have been a figure of the past.

Redmond Roche of Cahirduggan expelled for rebellion

Caherduggan · townland · Cork · 1639–1642

Redmond Roche of Cahirduggan was expelled from parliament on 22 June 1642 for the rebellion. He had been returned as MP for County Cork alongside Sir Donagh M'Carthy in March 1639.

Read the passage

1639, March 2nd. Sir William St. Leger, knt, of Doneraile. Sir Donagh M'Carthy, knt. Redmond Roche, of Cahirduggan, expelled the 22nd of June, 1642, for the rebellion.
1661, April 25th. Hon. Richard Boyle. Sir Henry Tynte, knt., of Roxhall.

Internet Archive historyofcountyc02gibsiala, Chapter 142

Robber Bill Thunder shot near Mallow

Mallow · town · Cork

A daring robber named Bill Thunder, after various hair-breadth escapes, was shot down by a party of gentlemen near Mallow. He had been one of several notorious highwaymen and burglars operating in Cork city and county.

Read the passage

That very clever thief, Jack-a-boy, gave the authorities great trouble, for he was as agile as a monkey, and had displayed the same ability in getting out of, that he did in getting into prison, He was more than once whipped from the North to the South gate, without curing him of his propensities. A daring robber, named Bill Thunder, was shot down — after various hair-breadth escapes — by a party of gentlemen, near Mallow. These robbers and burglers enjoyed a large portion of the public sympathy. Take the following example : —
" April 18, 1767. — Jeremiah Twomey was executed at Gallows Green for robbing the dwelling-house of Joanna Norton, at Crosses Green. Her husband was so ill-treated the night of the robbery, that he died in some time after. Twomey was convicted of the robbery alone. The general opinion was that he died innocent> in consequence of which the mob brought him from the gallows, in his coffin, to the prosecutor's door, where they bled him, took the rope off his neck, threw

Internet Archive historyofcountyc02gibsiala, Chapter 104

Round tower and old church at Mitchelstown

Mitchelstown · townland · Cork

Smith described the old church walls as built of large blocks of fine freestone. The remains of a round tower stood 30 yards from the south-west angle of the church and had fallen within living memory of several people.

Read the passage

Smith, writing in 1749, says, " Mitchelstown is the principal place in this barony." He speaks of " the fine house and park,* and improvements, and the gardens kept in fine order." The gardens of Mitchelstown Castle were, till within the last few years, the finest in the county. A number of very excellent alms' houses, called "the college" and a minister's house, have been erected on this property, to which an endowment of £1,200 a-year is attached. Smith describes the church, in his time— which was a chapel-of-ease — as in decent repair; and the walls of the old church, as built of large blocks of a very fine -freestone. " Here were the remains of one of the round towers, which stood 30 yards from the south west angle of the church, and fell in the memory of several people."
Colgan says this place was a bishopric. The Baculus Finachani, or St. Finachan's staff, "on which the

Internet Archive historyofcountyc02gibsiala, Chapter 242

Spike Island Fort: rectangular bastioned fort with 28 guns

Spike Island · townland · Cork · 1791–1861

Spike Island's fort was nearly rectangular with six bastions mounting 28 guns, and the old Westmoreland battery at the east of the island was being removed. The Westmoreland battery had been erected by Colonel Vallancey in 1791, and the barracks were built in 1806.

Read the passage

Spike Island is an important military station, with a strong fort. The fort is nearly rectangular, with 6 bastions, mounting 28 guns. The old Westmoreland battery,* at the east of the island, is in course of removal. It is contemplated to mount about 20 additional guns on the sea faces.
Camden Eort is a sea-battery of 12 heavy guns. The land side is to be remodelled, and about 30 additional guns mounted. Carlisle is a battery of 20 guns, and is to have 30 more. There was here, in Smith's time, the remains of a large regular fortification, with

Internet Archive historyofcountyc02gibsiala, Chapter 220

St. Finn-Barr dies in Cloyne, feast observed September 25th

Cloyne · town · Cork

St. Finn-Barr, abbot of Gill-Abbey and bishop of Cork for seventeen years, died in Cloyne on the 25th of September. The date of his death is observed as his festival.

Read the passage

St. Finn-Barr was abbot of Gill- Abbey — for we must antedate the name, to avoid confusion — and bishop of Cork for seventeen years. He died in Cloyne, the 25th of September — we cannot say in what year — which is observed as his festival.f Tradition says that his remains were carried to Cork — to Gill- Abbey, we conclude — for interment, and that his relics were afterwards deposited in a silver shrine. The Annals of Innisfallen say : " A fleet, with Dermot O'Brien,
* So meet for a bard. Mr. J. J. Callanan, the author of these beautiful lines, was a native of Cork. He wrote a poem called the " Recluse of Inchidony," " Donald Com," and other pieces of some beauty. He was originally intended for the priesthood, but quitting Maynooth, entered Trinity College, where he studied for the bar. He died in 1829 at Lisbon.

Internet Archive historyofcountyc02gibsiala, Chapter 175

St. Peter's Church on North Main Street

Cork · city · Cork · 1270

St. Peter's Church stands on the western side of North Main Street in Cork. Mr. Windele described its exterior as 'mean' and its interior as 'elegant.' Henry III confirmed the chapel of St. Peter at Cork to the Bishop of Cork by charter dated 20 May 1270.

Read the passage

St. Peter's church is on the western side of the North Main Street. Mr. Windele styles the exterior " mean," and the interior " elegant." Henry III. by a charter, bearing date 20th of May, 1270, confirms to the Bishop of Cork and his successors, the patronage and advowsons of the church of St. Mary Nard,t and Killmahanok, and the chapel of St. Peter at Cork — "Capelle Set. Petri, Corcag."— Ex. Rot. Plac. 25 Ed. I. in Tur Record, Dublin.
In the South Main Street we have the main entrance to the Cork Porter Brewery, This extensive property of the two families of Beamish and Crawford, was established by the ancestors of the present proprietors, in the year 1792. It stands upon the south branch of the Eiver Lee, and covers an area of five acres, irrespective of five large malt-houses, situated in different parts of the city. The manufacture consists of single, double, and extra stout, of which about 120,000 barrels are made annually, and sold principally in the province of Munster. It is also exported to London, Liverpool, Bristol, Plymouth, Barnstable, and the west coast of

Internet Archive historyofcountyc02gibsiala, Chapter 160

As the companion tells it

As you pass through Cork on North Main Street, St. Peter's Church stands on the western side of the street. Mr. Windele called its exterior mean, but he found the interior elegant. The chapel of St. Peter at Cork was confirmed to the Bishop of Cork and his successors by charter from Henry the Third, dated the 20th of May, 1270. That same charter also confirmed the church of St. Mary Nard and Killmahanok. The Latin of the record reads Capelle Sancti Petri, Corcag, taken from the plea rolls of the 25th year of Edward the First, held in the Tower records in Dublin. So this chapel has been tied to the Bishops of Cork by a royal grant for over seven hundred years, standing here on North Main Street through all that time.

Surrender of Bandon-Bridge to Parliamentary forces

Bandon · town · Cork · 1649

Cromwell reported that Bandon-Bridge had fallen to the Parliamentary interest, with the town thrusting out young Jephson, their governor, or else deserting it out of jealousy. Broghill managed the affair.

Read the passage

" Seeking God for direction," Oliver sends a party of horse under Colonel Eeynolds, to Carrick, which he takes by surprise. From Carrick they proceed to Waterford, and take the Passage fort, and a large castle, and then sit down before the Urbs Intacta, which they could not take ; so, in order to cover his failure and retreat, Cromwell writes in the following style to the Speaker. The letter was read in parliament, and ordered to be printed and published, and " sent to all the ministers next Lord's day, who are to be, as they best may, the voice of our devout thankfulness for these great mercies." Let us see in what these mercies consisted, for they did not consist in the taking of Waterford. " It hath pleased the Lord, whilst these things have been thus transacting here, to add to our interest in Munster, Bandon-Bridge, the town — as we hear upon the matter — thrusting out young Jephson, who was their governor, or else deserting it upon that jealousy. As also Kinsale and the fort there. Out of this fort 400 men marched upon articles, when it was surrendered ; so that now, by the hand of the Lord, your interest in Munster is near as good already as ever it was since this war began. I sent a party about two days ago to my Lord of Broghill, from whom I expect to have an account of all."
We don't know how to understand what Cromwell says about Bandoru It is evident he got Broghill's version of it. Bandon was in the hands of the Boyles, the Earl of Cork's sons, who did what they pleased

Internet Archive historyofcountyc02gibsiala, Chapter 55

Whiteboys burn eight houses and a forge at Callas, Inniscarra

Inishcarra · parish · Cork · 1803

In September 1803, a group of armed men set fire to eight houses and a forge on the lands of Callas in the parish of Inniscarra, all of which were consumed. The Muskerry corps under Captain Warren apprehended seven persons in connection with the incident.

Read the passage

" A.D. 1803, Sept. 4.— Between two and three this morning, eight houses and a forge, on the lands of Callas, in the parish of Inniscarra, were set on fire by a set of villians, and consumed. The Muskerry corps, commanded by Captain Warren, succeeded in apprehending seven persons."
But this was not confined to our county. As the following refer to our mail coaches we mention them :

Internet Archive historyofcountyc02gibsiala, Chapter 148

William Hare of Cork ennobled for Union support

Cork · city · Cork · 1800

William Hare of Cork, whose property was said to exceed £12,000 a year in the counties of Cork and Kerry, was created Lord Ennismore on 30 July 1800 for his constant support of the Union. Both he and his son sat for Athy and had bought their seats from the Duke of Leinster.

Read the passage

In the " List of Persons recommended to His Majesty for the dignity of the Peerage in Ireland,'5 we find the name of William Hare, Esq., of Cork. " William Hare, Esq., and his son, have constantly supported the Union, and given a regular attendance, [in the Irish parliament]. Mr. Hare's property is said to exceed £12,000 a year in the counties of Cork and Kerry."
* The Marquis Thomond was created an Englishpeer, October 2, 1801. He was succeeded in 1808 by his nephew, William. William was succeeded by his brother James, the third and last marquis, August 21, 1846.

Internet Archive historyofcountyc02gibsiala, Chapter 139

As the companion tells it

Cork was home to William Hare, whose property was said to exceed £12,000 a year in the counties of Cork and Kerry. On 30 July 1800 he was created Lord Ennismore, for he and his son had constantly supported the Union and given regular attendance in the Irish parliament. Both sat for Athy, having bought their seats from the Duke of Leinster.

Youghal Catholics restored to property after Commonwealth

Youghal · town · Cork · 1660

In February 1660, many inhabitants of Youghal who had been certified as 'Innocent Papists' were allowed by letters patent to take possession of property from which they had been deprived during the Commonwealth period.

Read the passage

There were some concessions made to Catholics this year. Many of the inhabitants of Youghal were allowed, by letters patent, bearing date the 14th of February, 1660, to take possession of the property of which they had been deprived during the commonwealth, they being certified "Innocent Papists." The Duke of Ormond succeeded, in the May of 1661, in getting Lord Muskerry restored to his honors, and most of his estates; but Castlemore and some other places remained in the possession of Broghill and other English adventurers.
Lord Broghill displayed great zeal in the discovery of Popish plots, and in the hunting up and driving out all sorts of fanatics. He was the Irish Titus Gates of his day. Maurice says, " The Lord Orrery, in order effectually to keep all things quiet in the province, had several spies placed up and down, to whom he allowed annual pensions, who gave him constant intelligence of all things that stirred, and by this means he discovered the above mentioned plot " — to seize the castle of Dublin. It appears from the following letter of Charles I. to Orrery that there was something in this plot to seize Dublin castle : —

Internet Archive historyofcountyc02gibsiala, Chapter 68

Christ Church and St. Peter's, Cork's two old parishes

South Main Street · street · Cork · 1630

The Main Street of Cork contained two churches: Christ Church, or the church of the Holy Trinity, in South Main Street, and St. Peter's Church in North Main Street. A Roche MS dated 24 November 1630 records that the walled city contained only two small parishes.

Read the passage

The Main Street contains two churches; Christ Church, or the church of the Holy Trinity, in the South Main Street, and St. Peter's Church in the North Main Street. We discover from one of the Eoche MSS., bearing date Nov. 24th, 1630, that the
* Properly one street. " Forming the point of division between those streets, until March, 1 837, stood the Exchange and Tholsel. This building occupied th« site of the " Golden Castle," erected by the Roches, to whose representative, Ed. B. Roche, Esq., of Trabolgan, the corporation still pay a rent of £20."— Winders Historical Notices, p. 17.

Internet Archive historyofcountyc02gibsiala, Chapter 160

As the companion tells it

Along here on South Main Street stood Christ Church, known also as the church of the Holy Trinity. The walled city of Cork held only two small parishes, according to a Roche manuscript dated 24 November 1630. The other was St. Peter's Church, over on North Main Street.

College of Youghal: foundation by Earl of Desmond

Youghal · town · Cork · 1782

The College of Youghal was founded by Thomas of Drogheda, eighth Earl of Desmond. The original religious school consisted of a warden, eight fellows, and eight singing men living communally on an income of £600 per annum. The present college, a square building, was erected by Mr. Giles in 1782. The Earl of Cork resided there for many years.

Read the passage

The college of Youghal, as we have stated, in vol. i., p. 80, was founded by Thomas of Drogheda, eighth Earl of Desmond. There is scarcely a vestige of the old house in existence. The present college, a good substantial square building, was erected by Mr. Giles, in 1782. The religious school, or fraternity, first established on the site, consisted of a warden, eight fellows and eight singing men, who lived in a college manner, at a table, on an income of £600 per annum — a tremendous sum in those days. We have already explained (in vol. ii., chap. 2) how Sir Walter Raleigh got this property, and how he lost, or sold it, and how
* Drew family. William, second son of Richard, fourth Duke of Normandy, came to England with his nephew, William the Conqueror. He had three sons, Walter, Drew, and fiichard. Drew, the second sou, is the ancestor of the Drews of Mocollop Castle, County Waterford. -Surke't Peerage.

Internet Archive historyofcountyc02gibsiala, Chapter 238

The history of the county and city of Cork (vol. 2)

The stories, best first

Dispute over credit for Battle of Liscarroll

Friars granted passage through Cork city walls, 1317

Giolla Aedha O'Muidhin, Bishop of Cork, and the naming of Gill Abbey

Grand review of United Independent Volunteers in Cork

Inchiquin captures Dundalk, Newry and Trim Castle

Irish royalists march from Ballyhoura to Mallow

King William's-town sold in Encumbered Estates Court

Lamps broken outside South Gate, Cork, 1773

Lord Wimbledon's forces lodged at Kinsale

Monkstown chapel and Benedictine tradition

New Gothic church at Ballymodan

Parliamentary troops seize £4,000 from Sir Robert Tynte near Youghal

Pikes fabricated in Cork for rebellion

Prison break from North Gaol, Cork

Saunders as governor of Kinsale defies Cromwell for Parliament

Tracton Abbey — Cistercian foundation with relic of the true cross

Youghal churchyard: round tower and cannon

Youghal railway completed by D. Leopold Lewis

Hely Hutchinson returned for Cork City, 1812

Glanworth Castle ruins on the Funcheon

Aghadoe House: estate held by de Capell family since 1172

Armed societies fire volleys on the Mall in Cork

Berkeley's annual charity to Cloyne and Aghada poor

Bishop's house at Ross burnt by rebels

Blackpool glen cutting the northern mountain chain

Captain Batten killed at siege of Dungarvan

Catholic Cathedral built on north side of Cork, 1808

Church of Courtmather ruins near Sandy Cove

Cloyne burial tradition of holy bishop Ryan

Cork called dirtiest city in the empire, 1804

Cromlech on Saleen strand, Rostellan demesne

Dungarvan surrenders to Lord Broghill

Famine population collapse in County Cork

Fermoy attacked by Brigadier Carroll's forces

Flat strand at Youghal: lost race-course and bogwood

Flax manufactory at Trabolgan and Kildinan

Forts of Cork repaired with Earl of Cork's loan

Franciscan Friars' church built 1830 near Fishamble Lane

Glenbrook Hotel, Baths and Glenbrook House

Green-Coat School and alms-houses at Shandon

Haulbowline Island Elizabethan fort

Hearth-money returns: Cork religious demographics, 1732

Lough of Cork on high ground south of city

Mayor of Cork required armed guard during riots, 1761

Midleton charter and borough history

Mountjoy warns of famine, February 1603

Newmarket — forfeited MacAuliffe estates granted to Aldworths

Quaker preacher maintained at Kinsale garrison

Redmond Roche of Cahirduggan expelled for rebellion

Robber Bill Thunder shot near Mallow

Round tower and old church at Mitchelstown

Spike Island Fort: rectangular bastioned fort with 28 guns

St. Finn-Barr dies in Cloyne, feast observed September 25th

St. Peter's Church on North Main Street

Surrender of Bandon-Bridge to Parliamentary forces

Whiteboys burn eight houses and a forge at Callas, Inniscarra

William Hare of Cork ennobled for Union support

Youghal Catholics restored to property after Commonwealth

Christ Church and St. Peter's, Cork's two old parishes

College of Youghal: foundation by Earl of Desmond