The history of the county and city of Cork (vol. 2)

Each story keeps the passage it was read from. Open one to read it as the scan has it, and, where the companion has written its own telling, that too. The passages are read off photographs of the page by machine, so a word here and there comes out wrong; they are kept as the reading produced them, so you can check any of them against the scan.

1. Cork corporation grants 300 guineas to raise troops, 1778

   Cork · city · Cork · 1778

   On 15 February 1778, the Cork corporation made a grant of three hundred guineas for raising troops for his majesty's service, confirmed by the Court D'Oyer Hundred, at a time when the legality of raising troops without parliamentary consent was under consideration by English judges.

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   time, to heave and swell with " the spirit of universal emancipation," which had swept like a hurricane over the eastern and western hemispheres. They petitioned the Irish parliament. Their petition was treated with the utmost contempt,* and they, themselves, were designated as a rabble of obscure pot-drinking mechanics, who met in'holes and corners, and fancied themselves the representatives of the Catholic body, which despised them. Flesh and blood could not endure this. Shame and indignation were boiling in the veins of the Catholic committee of Dublin. They would look no longer to the borough parliament of College Green, but look to themselves. They rose, coalesced with the dissenters and republicans of the North, and established the Society of United Irishmen. The English government had long anticipated such a state of things, and had prepared to meet it by the enrolment of Irish Protestants into militia and volunteer corps. But Irish Protestants acted for themselves. On the 15th of February, 1778, the corporation made a grant of three hundred guineas for raising troops for his majesty's service. The grant was confirmed by the Court D'Oyer Hundred. The legality of raising troops, without the consent of parliament, was, at this time, under the consideration of English judges. On the 26th of March the following document was subscribed in Cork:

   " WE, THE UNDERNAMED SUBSCRIBERS, DO AGREE TO

   Internet Archive historyofcountyc02gibsiala, Chapter 112

   As the companion tells it

   Cork, a city the road passes through, was caught up in a wider upheaval. Catholics had begun to heave and swell with the spirit of universal emancipation, which had swept like a hurricane over the eastern and western hemispheres. They petitioned the Irish parliament. Their petition was treated with the utmost contempt. They were called a rabble of obscure pot-drinking mechanics who met in holes and corners, and fancied themselves the representatives of the Catholic body, which despised them. Flesh and blood could not endure this. Shame and indignation were boiling in the veins of the Catholic committee of Dublin. They would look no longer to the borough parliament of College Green, but look to themselves. They rose, coalesced with the dissenters and republicans of the North, and established the Society of United Irishmen. The English government had long anticipated such a state of things, and had prepared to meet it by the enrolment of Irish Protestants into militia and volunteer corps. But Irish Protestants acted for themselves. On 15 February 1778, the corporation made a grant of 300 guineas for raising troops for his majesty's service. The grant was confirmed by the Court D'Oyer Hundred. The legality of raising troops, without the consent of parliament, was at this time under the consideration of English judges.

2. Curran family: Kanturk schoolmaster, workhouse, emigration

   Kanturk · town · Cork

   William Curran, brother of the judge John Philpot Curran, kept a classical school in Kanturk and died in Newmarket where he was buried. Another family member was in the Kanturk workhouse, and a collection was made to send him to America.

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   * Lawrence Curran. — This Lawrence, or Lowry, Curran, was a brother to the judge, John Philpot Curran. He married a Miss Webb, by whom he had a large family. Captain John Curran, married to a Miss Armstrong, was a son of his. Another son, William, kept a classical school in Kanturk. He died in Newmarket, where he is buried. Another son was in the Kanturk workhouse. A collection was made a few years ago to send him to America.

   Internet Archive historyofcountyc02gibsiala, Chapter 119

   As the companion tells it

   Kanturk, in Cork. A family named Curran left its mark here. Lawrence Curran, brother to the judge John Philpot Curran, married a Miss Webb and had a large family. One son, William, kept a classical school in Kanturk. He died in Newmarket, where he is buried. Another son ended up in the Kanturk workhouse, and a collection was made a few years ago to send him to America.

3. Agricultural School on Western Road, Cork

   Western Road · street · Cork · 1859

   An Agricultural School was erected in 1859 on the Western Road in Cork, about a mile from Queen's College, under the auspices of the National Board. It could accommodate thirty-two pupils, though it had only fifteen at the time of writing, each paying £8 a year for lodging, board, and instruction in English and agriculture. The pupils worked on an associated farm of 120 acres.

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   There is an Agricultural School on the Western Road, about a mile from the college. It was erected in 1859, under the auspices of the National Board. It is able to accommodate 32 pupils. The present number is 15. Each pupil pays £8 a-year, for which he is comfortably lodged, boarded, and instructed in English and agriculture. The pupils work on the farm, which consists of 120 acres.

   There is a common approach from the Western Eoad to the Queen's College and the County Gaol. This is not just the thing ; nor is it in good taste. An entrance nearer the city would save time and distance. The college is at a sufficient distance, without compelling students and professors to go beyond it, by the circuitous approach of the County Gaol ; unless they choose the dirty back lanes in the neighbourhood of St, Finn-Barr's.

   Internet Archive historyofcountyc02gibsiala, Chapter 185

   As the companion tells it

   The Agricultural School on the Western Road in Cork was erected in 1859 under the auspices of the National Board, about a mile from Queen's College. It can accommodate 32 pupils, though at present it has only 15. Each pupil pays £8 a year, for which he is comfortably lodged, boarded, and instructed in English and agriculture. The pupils work on a farm of 120 acres. A common approach from the Western Road leads to Queen's College and the County Gaol, which the source calls "not just the thing" and "not in good taste." An entrance nearer the city would save time and distance. The college is far enough already without compelling students and professors to go beyond it by the circuitous approach of the County Gaol, unless they choose the dirty back lanes near St. Finn-Barr's.

4. Bettesworth's house at Mallow seized, losses recorded

   Mallow · town · Cork · 1642

   Mr. Bettesworth's house at Mallow was seized and the royal confederate troops quartered there. In depositions concerning murders and robberies committed in County Cork, now held at Trinity College Library, Bettesworth stated his losses at £2,279.

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   Mr. Clayton's castle, near Mallow, was taken — after some hard fighting — and its garrison, of twenty-four men, put to the sword. Mr. Bettesworth's house was also seized, and the royal confederate troops quartered there. In one of the four manuscript volumes of " Depositions, concerning the Murders and Robberies Committed in the County of Cork" now deposited in Trinity College Library, we find Mr. Bettesworth stating his losses at £2,279. William Kingsmill, of Ballybeg, deposes that he lost property to the amount of £7,242 12s. Id'. James Baldwin, of Ballyhay, in the barony of Fermoy, who makes his mark, I. B., lost to the value of £58 8s. " John Brice, of Cahirduggan, in the county of Cork, taylour, deposeth and saith, that on or about the llth

   * The other cattle — the ruins of which stand on the banks of the Blackwater, within Sir Denham Norrejs' demesne. This noble pile was raised by one of the Earls of Desmond.

   Internet Archive historyofcountyc02gibsiala, Chapter 33

   As the companion tells it

   Near Mallow in 1642, Mr. Clayton's castle was taken after hard fighting, and its garrison of 24 men was put to the sword. In the town itself, Mr. Bettesworth's house was seized, and royal confederate troops quartered there. Bettesworth's testimony survives in the depositions concerning murders and robberies committed in County Cork, now held at Trinity College Library. He stated his losses at £2,279. Others gave evidence too. William Kingsmill of Ballybeg deposed that he lost property worth £7,242 and 12 shillings. James Baldwin of Ballyhay, in the barony of Fermoy, who made his mark I B, lost to the value of £58 and 8 shillings. John Brice of Cahirduggan, a tailor, also began his deposition.

5. Bomb falls through roof of Christ Church, Cork

   Cork · city · Cork · 1689–1690

   During military operations in Cork, a bomb fell through the roof of Christ Church but, as noted by Cox, did no damage by providence. The incident is recorded as a remarkable escape during the conflict.

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   * Ohrist Church. " A bomb fell through the roof of Christ Church, but by God's providence, it did no damage." — Oox.

   148 HISTORY OF CORK.

   Internet Archive historyofcountyc02gibsiala, Chapter 78

   As the companion tells it

   As you pass through Cork, Christ Church stands in the city. In 1689 or 1690, during the military operations here, a bomb fell through its roof. Cox records that by God's providence it did no damage — a remarkable escape in the midst of the conflict.

6. Christ Church Tower Modifications

   Cork · city · Cork · 1720–1828

   The present Christ Church was erected in 1720 with a lofty tower 136 feet high. The tower began to sink, leading to successive reductions: 36 feet removed, then 40 feet more in 1810, and the remaining 60 feet removed by Mr. Pain in 1828.

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   Christ Church stands on the eastern side of the South Main Street. It is a plain structure with a gabled front. Mr. Windele thinks that the original erection is to be attributed to the Knights Templars. The church of 1690 had a steeple. The Protestants were confined in this church during the siege. Where could they find greater security ? A bomb — one of William's bombs — fell through the roof, which injured the church, but not the people. The Irish replied with lead stript from the steeple. The present church was erected in 1720, with a lofty tower, 136 feet high. The tower began to sink, so 36 feet were taken off, leaving 100 feet standing. In 1810 it lost 40 feet more, leaving 60, which 60 were removed by Mr. Pain in 1828. It is now as plain, externally, as a barn, with the exception of a cut stone front.

   The graveyard contains some ancient monuments, one of them as old as 1494. Here lies "Thome Eonan,"— Mayor of Cork in 1537 and 1549. Some kind and pious brother or sister prays, in 1642, " GOD'S

   Internet Archive historyofcountyc02gibsiala, Chapter 160

   As the companion tells it

   As you pass through Cork, Christ Church stands on the eastern side of South Main Street. Mr. Windele thought the original erection belonged to the Knights Templars. The church of 1690 had a steeple. During the siege, Protestants were confined in this church for security. One of William's bombs fell through the roof and injured the church but not the people. The Irish replied with lead stripped from the steeple. The present church was erected in 1720 with a lofty tower, 136 feet high. The tower began to sink. 36 feet were taken off, leaving 100 feet standing. In 1810 it lost 40 feet more, leaving 60. Those remaining 60 feet were removed by Mr. Pain in 1828. It is now as plain externally as a barn, with the exception of a cut stone front. The graveyard contains ancient monuments, one as old as 1494. Here lies Thome Eonan, Mayor of Cork in 1537 and 1549. In 1642 some kind and pious brother or sister prays, “GOD'S”

7. Conway and Swanton, Cork United Irish Directory, arrested

   Cork · city · Cork · 1798

   Conway, a watchmaker and member of the Directory of Cork, and his friend Swanton were arrested and sent to Cork jail. Conway lost his health in confinement and offered the government useful information in exchange for his liberty.

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   Conway and Swanton, both Cork men, were very actively engaged. Conway was a watchmaker, and one of the Directory of Cork. Both he and his friend Swanton were arrested and sent to Cork jail, where Conway lost his health, and offered the government 11 useful information " for his liberty.

   Internet Archive historyofcountyc02gibsiala, Chapter 130

   As the companion tells it

   As you pass through Cork, this city was where Conway and Swanton were arrested in 1798. Conway was a watchmaker and one of the Directory of Cork. Both he and his friend Swanton were sent to Cork jail, where Conway lost his health and offered the government useful information for his liberty.

8. Cork Mercantile Chronicle on city nuisances, 1805

   Cork · city · Cork · 1805

   On 3 April 1805 the Cork Mercantile Chronicle published a scathing account of public indifference to Cork's accommodation and credit. The article described lime screening, lagoons from obstructed sewers, galloping riders, speeding cars, and heaps of rubbish occupying public ways, with unfenced quays endangering night travellers.

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   " Our total indifference in this city, to everything which concerns our public accommodation and credit, has become a subject of wonder. Our nuisances seem to have a procreative power, and every day seems to shew some vexatious instance of their abominable fecundity. The day-traveller runs the risk of being blinded from the screening of lime ; he is often intercepted in his way by the lagoons of water, which the obstruction of the public sewers retain in the streets; and if he be not rode over by the gallopers who charge along the streets, or run over by the cars, which are whirled along with no less rapidity, he may felicitate himself, on his return home, upon the cheap terms of such injury as he may receive, in tumbling over a few of the many heaps of rubbish which principally occupy our public ways.

   " If the traveller by night escapes drowning he has no right to complain, for what with the darkness of the lamps, and the naked and unfenced state of the quays, to survive a night- walk is to become a matter of family thanksgiving. Every stranger who approaches this, the third city in his majesty's dominions, does it at the peril of his life, and one of the least dangerous of the highways into town is now through a sort of canal of mud, and has been so for a long time."

   Internet Archive historyofcountyc02gibsiala, Chapter 159

   As the companion tells it

   Cork, in 1805, was a city its own newspaper found hard to defend. On 3 April 1805 the Cork Mercantile Chronicle printed a scathing account of public indifference to the city's accommodation and credit, calling it a subject of wonder. The writer said the city's nuisances seemed to have a procreative power, multiplying day by day. A traveller by day ran the risk of being blinded by lime screening in the streets. He might find his way blocked by lagoons of water held in the streets by obstructed sewers. If he was not ridden down by gallopers charging through the streets, or run over by cars whirled along at speed, he could count himself lucky to have only the injuries from tumbling over the heaps of rubbish that occupied the public ways. At night the danger was worse. The lamps were dark, the quays were naked and unfenced, and to survive a walk after dark was, in the writer's words, a matter of family thanksgiving. The Chronicle called Cork the third city in his majesty's dominions, yet said every stranger approached it at the peril of his life. One of the least dangerous highways into town ran through what the writer described as a canal of mud, and had done so for a long time.

9. Criminal escapes Cork bridewell through the roof, Nov 1782

   Cork · city · Cork · 1782

   On the 20th of November 1782, a criminal confined in the Cork bridewell made a hole through the roof and leaped out, landing on barrels carried by a passing barrel carrier, and thereby escaped. Prison breaks were said to be very common in Cork at the time.

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   "Nov. 20th, 1782. One of the criminals, confined in the bridewell, made a hole through the roof, out of which he leaped, and fell on a number of barrels on the head of a barrel carrier, who was accidentally passing along, by which means he escaped.

   Internet Archive historyofcountyc02gibsiala, Chapter 100

   As the companion tells it

   In Cork, in November 1782, a criminal confined in the bridewell made a hole through the roof. He leaped out and fell on a number of barrels on the head of a barrel carrier who was accidentally passing along, and by that means he escaped. Prison breaks were said to be very common here at the time.

10. Dean Davies carried Blarney Castle materials to Dawstown

    Dawstown · townland · Cork

    Dean Davies, who was tenant of Blarney at the time of its confiscation sale, carried away sufficient materials from the castle to build his new residence at Dawstown in the neighbourhood.

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    J Tenants name, Rowland Davies. Mr. Windele says, " Dean Davies carried away with him, from the castle, sufficient materials to build his new residence at Dawstown, in the neighbourhood," — Sittorical Notices, p. 232.

    Internet Archive historyofcountyc02gibsiala, Chapter 252

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere around here, Dean Rowland Davies built himself a new residence at Dawstown. He had been tenant of Blarney Castle when it was sold off after confiscation. As Mr. Windele put it, Dean Davies carried away with him, from the castle, sufficient materials to build his new residence at Dawstown, in the neighbourhood.

11. Dominican Friars established in Friary Lane off Shandon Street, Cork

    Cork · city · Cork · 1721–1848

    By 1721, the Dominican Friars were living in a narrow lane off Shandon Street called Friary Lane, where they built a convent on the site of Shandon Castle. A new convent and chapel followed in 1784, the foundation of St. Mary's Church at Pope's Quay was laid in 1832, and a new convent was founded in 1848.

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    sesses the rent-charge of the site on which the convent stood, and which is now occupied by a new convent of the Sisters of Mercy. In 1721 we find this school of Dominican Friars living in a narrow lane off Shandon Street, on the north side of the river, called, to this day, Friary Lane. Here they built a convent on the site of Shandon Castle, where Sir George and Lady Carew lived.* In 1784 they built a new convent and chapel on the same site, and in 1832 was laid the foundation of St. Mary's Church, Pope's Quay, which is in connexion with the priory; and in 1848 the foundation of the present convent, immediately above the church.

    The CONVENT OF THE SISTERS OF MERCY of St. Mary's of the Isle, which now occupies the site of the old Dominican Priory, is a beautiful Tudor structure, designed by Mr. William Atkins. The foundation was laid in 1850. The house was first opened and occupied by the order of the Sisters of Mercy in 1852. The foundress, Miss Catherine Macauley — being an orphan — was reared by a respectable Protestant family in Dublin. She commenced her novitiate in 1827, and was installed, as a patroness of the order, in 1830. The number of the sisterhood is about thirty -five. They board, clothe, and educate about sixty orphan children, and give the advantages of their asylum to thirty-six females, whom they fit for servants. They also superintend a school — in connexion with the National Board — -of about 300 children, and take the

    Internet Archive historyofcountyc02gibsiala, Chapter 188

    As the companion tells it

    Cork has a long thread of Dominican life running through it. By 1721, the Dominican Friars were living in a narrow lane off Shandon Street, on the north side of the river, called Friary Lane. They built a convent there on the site of Shandon Castle, where Sir George and Lady Carew had once lived. In 1784 they built a new convent and chapel on the same site. Then in 1832 the foundation of St. Mary's Church at Pope's Quay was laid, in connexion with the priory, and in 1848 the foundation of the present convent was laid, immediately above the church. That old Dominican site later passed to the Sisters of Mercy of St. Mary's of the Isle. Their convent is a Tudor structure designed by Mr. William Atkins. The foundation was laid in 1850, and the house was first opened and occupied by the order in 1852. The foundress, Miss Catherine Macauley, was an orphan reared by a respectable Protestant family in Dublin. She commenced her novitiate in 1827 and was installed as a patroness of the order in 1830. The sisterhood numbers about 35. They board, clothe, and educate about 60 orphan children, and give the advantages of their asylum to 36 females, whom they fit for servants. They also superintend a school, in connexion with the National Board, of about 300 children.

12. Edward Legge marries into Walsh family of Mallow

    Mallow · town · Cork

    Edward Legge, who had voyaged to the West Indies with Sir Walter Raleigh in 1584, married Mary, daughter of Pierce Walsh of Mallow. He was the first Protestant of his family, though most of his children were raised Catholic by his wife.

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    * Edward Legge. He married Mary, daughter of Pierce Walsh, of Mallow, by whom he had six sons and seven daughters. He was the first Protestant of his family, but most of his children were brought up in the Catholic i'aich by his wife. —Collins? Peer, of England, v. iii, p. 102.

    20 HISTORY OF CORK.

    Internet Archive historyofcountyc02gibsiala, Chapter 16

    As the companion tells it

    Mallow was where Edward Legge married Mary, daughter of Pierce Walsh. They had six sons and seven daughters. He was the first Protestant of his family, but most of the children were brought up Catholic by his wife.

13. Francis Bernard created Earl of Bandon

    Bandon · town · Cork · 1800

    Francis Bernard, who had been raised to the peerage as Lord Bandon on 30 November 1793, was created Earl of Bandon on 6 August 1800. His promotion was recommended by Lord Cornwallis as part of the peerage creations used to secure support for the Act of Union.

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    According to these recommendations, Murrough O'Brien, fifth earl of Inchiquin, was created Marquis of Thomond,* December 29, 1800 ; t and Francis Bernard, who had been raised to the peerage as Lord Bandon, Nov. 30, 1793, was created Earl of Bandon, August 6, 1800.

    In the " List of Persons recommended to His Majesty for the dignity of the Peerage in Ireland,'5 we find the name of William Hare, Esq., of Cork. " William Hare, Esq., and his son, have constantly supported the Union, and given a regular attendance, [in the Irish parliament]. Mr. Hare's property is said to exceed £12,000 a year in the counties of Cork and Kerry."

    Internet Archive historyofcountyc02gibsiala, Chapter 139

    As the companion tells it

    The town of Bandon gave its name to a peerage title. Francis Bernard had been raised to the peerage as Lord Bandon on 30 November 1793, and on 6 August 1800 he was created Earl of Bandon. His promotion was recommended by Lord Cornwallis as part of the peerage creations used to secure support for the Act of Union. In the list of persons recommended to His Majesty for the dignity of the peerage in Ireland, William Hare of Cork also appeared. He and his son had constantly supported the Union, and his property was said to exceed £12,000 a year in Cork and Kerry.

14. Haulbowline fortified in the river of Cork

    near Haulbowline Island · population centre · Cork · 1602–1603

    In January 1602 the Lord Deputy and Lord President visited Haulbowline, an island in the river of Cork, and judged it fit for fortification because no shipping could pass without coming under its command. Directions were given to Paul Ive for the work. An attempt to seize the island was later made during the 1603 rebellion.

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    The recorder, who appears to have been the ringleader of the rebellion, employed the time in arming the citizens, and guarding the gates against the admission of his majesty's troops; but "they admitted several Irish, to whom they gave arms." An attempt was also made to seize Haulbowline, which had been but recently fortified. " About this this time," — January, 1602 — writes Stafford, "the Lord Deputie and the Lord President went by boate to an island in the river of Corke, called Halbolin, sixe or seven miles from the citie, which upon view they thought fit to be fortified, being so seated as that no shipping of any burden can pass the same, but under the command thereof. Whereupon direction was given to Paul Ive,

    Internet Archive historyofcountyc02gibsiala, Chapter 10

    As the companion tells it

    Near the road lies Haulbowline, an island in the river of Cork, six or seven miles from the city. In January 1602 the Lord Deputy and the Lord President went by boat to the island and judged it fit for fortification, being so seated that no shipping of any burden could pass without coming under its command. Direction was given to Paul Ive for the work. The island had been but recently fortified when, during the rebellion of 1603, the recorder of Cork, who appears to have been the ringleader, armed the citizens and guarded the gates against his majesty's troops. They admitted several Irish, to whom they gave arms. An attempt was also made to seize the island.

15. Irish fire Kinsale and retreat to forts

    Kinsale · town · Cork · 1690

    After Cork fell, Marlborough's cavalry marched toward Kinsale. Brigadier Villiers sent a trumpeter to summon the place; the Irish threatened to hang him, fired the town, and retreated into the forts.

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    MARLBOROUGH'S cavalry were on the road to Kinsale a few hours after Cork had fallen. Brigadier Villiers sent a trumpeter to summon the place. The Irish, after threatening to hang him for bringing such a message, fired the town and retreated into the forts.

    Marlborough arrived in Kinsale on the 2nd of October. On the 3rd, Major-General Tettau and Colonel Fitzpatrick, crossed in boats, with 300 men, to the peninsula or tongue of land on which the ruins of the Old Fort and Eingrone Castle now stand. They took the fort by storm, the Irish retiring to the castle. Here they lost forty men by the explosion of a barrel of gunpowder, but refused to surrender till their governor, Colonel O'Driscoll, and two hundred of the garrison, had been slain.

    Internet Archive historyofcountyc02gibsiala, Chapter 85

    As the companion tells it

    Coming up near Kinsale now. In 1690, Marlborough's cavalry were on the road here a few hours after Cork had fallen. Brigadier Villiers sent a trumpeter to summon the place, but the Irish threatened to hang him for bringing such a message. They fired the town and retreated into the forts. Marlborough arrived on the 2nd of October. The next day, Major-General Tettau and Colonel Fitzpatrick crossed in boats with 300 men to the peninsula where the ruins of the Old Fort and Eingrone Castle now stand. They took the fort by storm and the Irish retired to the castle. There they lost 40 men by the explosion of a barrel of gunpowder, but they refused to surrender until their governor, Colonel O'Driscoll, and 200 of the garrison had been slain.

16. Moore Park, seat of the Earl of Mountcashel

    Moorepark · townland · Cork

    Moore Park, situated on the right bank of the Funcheon, was the seat of the Earl of Mountcashel. The demesne, richly wooded, contained about 800 acres. The Moore family was of Norman descent, with Richard Moore arriving in Ireland under James I and his son Stephen purchasing the Kilworth estate.

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    castle of Cloghlea, built by the Condons, was taken and retaken more than once. Moore Park, the seat of the Earl of Mountcashel, is situated on the right bank of the Funcheon. The demense, which is richly wooded, contains about 800 acres. The Moores are of Norman descent. Thomas de Moore accompanied William the Conqueror into England, and fought at the battle of Hastings. His descendant, Eichard Moore, came to Ireland in the reign of James I., whose son, Stephen Moore, purchased the estate of Kilworth, in this county. He was personally known to William III., to whom he lent £3,000, which the king repaid by appointing him the governor of the county Tipperary, and colonel of its militia. His grandson, Stephen, was raised to the peerage of Ireland, July 14th, 1764, as Baron ICil worth, and created Viscount Mountcashel, of the city of Cashel, January 22nd, 1766. He was succeeded by his second son, Stephen, who was created Earl of Mountcashel,* the 5th of January, 1781.

    The village of Glanworth, to the west of Kilworth, and five miles south west of Mitchelstown, is also on the Funcheon. The district was anciently called Glanore, or Glen-Oir, " the Golden Glen," from its great fertility. On a rock, above the Funcheon, are the ruins of Glanworth Castle, which was occupied as late as 1601, by a Lord Fermoy. The ruins consist of a square tower or keep, connected with which was a more modern building, of superior construction, containing the state apartments, within a quadrilateral, enclosed by strong walls, defended at each angle by

    Internet Archive historyofcountyc02gibsiala, Chapter 241

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere around here is Moore Park, on the right bank of the Funcheon, the seat of the Earl of Mountcashel. The demesne is richly wooded and contains about 800 acres. Not far off, the castle of Cloghlea was built by the Condons and taken and retaken more than once. The Moores are of Norman descent. Thomas de Moore accompanied William the Conqueror into England and fought at the battle of Hastings. His descendant Richard Moore came to Ireland in the reign of James I. Richard's son Stephen Moore purchased the estate of Kilworth in this county. Stephen was personally known to William III, to whom he lent 3,000 pounds. The king repaid him by appointing him governor of County Tipperary and colonel of its militia. His grandson, Stephen, was raised to the peerage of Ireland on July 14, 1764, as Baron Kilworth, and created Viscount Mountcashel of the city of Cashel on January 22, 1766. He was succeeded by his second son, Stephen, who was created Earl of Mountcashel on January 5, 1781. Nearby, the village of Glanworth, west of Kilworth and five miles southwest of Mitchelstown, is also on the Funcheon. The district was anciently called Glanore, or Glen-Oir, "the Golden Glen," from its great fertility. On a rock above the Funcheon are the ruins of Glanworth Castle, occupied as late as 1601 by a Lord Fermoy. The ruins consist of a square tower or keep, connected with a more modern building of superior construction containing the state apartments, within a quadrilateral enclosed by strong walls defended at each angle.

17. Newenham of Coolmore stands for Cork City

    Coolmore · townland · Cork · 1830

    William Henry Worth Newenham of Coolmore issued his address as a candidate for Cork City, pleasing the popular party because he was no Brunswicker, though not a decided Liberal.

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    The rejection of Gerard Callaghan was followed by one of the most severely contested elections that ever occurred in the city or county of Cork. Mr Leader and Colonel Longfield, of Longueville, were spoken of as candidates, but the 9th of March, 1829, produced the address of William Henry Worth Newenham, of Coolmore. The address pleased the popular party. Though not a decided Liberal, he was no Brunswicker; and they felt confident that he would not act as the locum tenens of Gerard Callaghan, under which aspect the public were disposed to view his bluff opponent, Dan Callaghan. After a contest, which lasted thirteen days, Mr. Dan Callaghan was declared duly elected. There were polled for Callaghan 1176, and for Newenham 1160 — majority for Callaghan 16. "Never,"

    » Mr. Dan. Meagfor.—Ttea worthy citizen died on the 8th August, 1860.

    Internet Archive historyofcountyc02gibsiala, Chapter 154

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere around here, William Henry Worth Newenham of Coolmore put out his address as a candidate for Cork City. This was the 9th of March, 1829, after the rejection of Gerard Callaghan. The popular party were pleased by what they read. Newenham was not a decided Liberal, but he was no Brunswicker either. They felt sure he would not act as the stand-in for Gerard Callaghan, which was how the public saw his opponent, Dan Callaghan. The contest that followed lasted 13 days. Dan Callaghan was declared duly elected. He polled 1176 votes, Newenham polled 1160. The majority was 16.

18. North Gate gate-house and stone bridges contracted (1620)

    Cork · city · Cork · 1620

    In 1620, city tolls were leased to Alderman Dominick Roche for twelve years on condition he spend £200 building a strong gate-house at Cork's north gate and two stone bridges replacing timber ones at the north and south gates. The work was to be completed within ten years, barring plague or war.

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    "We discover from another of the Eoche MSS., dated the 20th of March, 1620, that the city tolls were let to Dominick Eoche, Alderman, for the space of twelve years, on condition of his binding himself to bestow ^6200 on " a strong and sufficient gate-house, in and upon the north gate of the said citty," and " two sufficient stone bridges in the said citty, over the river where the timber bridges now are " — the one at the north and the other at the south gate. He stipulates to do this work within ten years, provided there be no pestilence or plague within the city, or no war arise, whereby the toll or " tax may become of less value."

    There were twenty-four guilds, or sub-corporate bodies in connexion with the corporation, who had their own special privileges and franchises. First, the merchants' guild, the date of which I cannot give. The guilds of goldsmiths, saddlers, bridle makers, pewterers, plumbers, tin-men, lattin workers, founders, braziers, glaziers, and upholsterers, were incorporated in 1657, the carpenters in 1667, the skinners in 1676, the victuallers in 1688, the masons, 1696, the coopers, 1702, the bakers, 1708, the cordwainers, 1724, the barkers, 1734, the brewers, 1743, and the painters, sawyers, and brogue-makers in 1787.

    Internet Archive historyofcountyc02gibsiala, Chapter 97

    As the companion tells it

    Cork, in 1620, made a bargain with one of its own aldermen. On the 20th of March that year, the city tolls were let to Alderman Dominick Roche for twelve years. The condition was that he bind himself to spend two hundred pounds on building a strong and sufficient gate-house at the north gate of the city. He was also to put up two sufficient stone bridges over the river where the timber bridges stood at that time, one at the north gate and the other at the south gate. He stipulated that he would complete this work within ten years, provided there was no pestilence or plague within the city, and no war arose, whereby the toll or tax might become of less value. So the old timber bridges were to give way to stone, and the north gate was to have a proper gate-house, all resting on the tolls collected from those who passed through Cork.

19. Pig-traps set in Cork city

    Cork · city · Cork

    The city of Cork was at one time so overrun with hogs and pigs that the mayor was obliged to set pig-traps to abate the nuisance, illustrating the semi-rural character of the urban streets.

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    * Even the hogs and pigs. The city was at one time so over-run with these animals, that the mayor was obliged to set pig -traps to abate the nuisance.

    Internet Archive historyofcountyc02gibsiala, Chapter 103

    As the companion tells it

    Cork here was once overrun with hogs and pigs. The nuisance grew so bad that the mayor was obliged to set pig-traps throughout the streets to deal with it. A reminder that this city's streets once had a semi-rural character, with animals wandering freely where people lived and traded.

20. Ringaskiddy village and Martello tower

    Ringaskiddy · town · Cork · 1700–1861

    Opposite Monkstown stood Fort Prospect, the residence of General Burke, and the pretty village of Ringaskiddy, above which rose a Martello tower. Dive Downes in 1700 described Ringskiddy as making the point between Carrickaline Bay and Raphine Brook, with nearby islands including Creagh, Core, Cahill, and Spike belonging to the Great Island.

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    Opposite Monkstown is Ballybricken,* the residence of Daniel Connor, Esquire ; Fort Prospect, or Prospect Villa, the residence of General Burke, and the pretty village of Einnaskiddy, above which rises a Martello tower. This neighbourhood is graphically described by Bishop Dive Downes, in 1700 : —

    " I saw Ringskiddy f and Ballybricken. Ringskiddy and Ballybricken are one ploughland and fifteen acres. Ringskiddy makes the point betwixt Carrickaline bay and Raphine brook. There is a heap of rubbish in Mr. Abraham Dickson's orchard at Ballybricken, which was a church heretofore. Captain Hayes remembers the walls standing. The people of both these places pay their tithes to Mr. Folliot, tenant to Dean Synge; nothing is allowed to any clergyman. Island Creagh, Island Core, and Island Cahill, in the harbour of Cork, (being almost unprofitable) belong to the lands of Ringskiddy. Haulbowline Island is the estate of the crown ; there is an old fort on it, built in Queen Elizabeth's time, now out of repair. Formerly the Earl of Cork was governor of it. All these islands, together with Spike Island, belong (as 'tis said) to the Great Island."

    Internet Archive historyofcountyc02gibsiala, Chapter 213

    As the companion tells it

    The road brings you through Ringaskiddy, a village in Cork. Fort Prospect, the residence of General Burke, stood opposite Monkstown, and above the village rises a Martello tower. Bishop Dive Downes described the place in 1700. He saw Ringskiddy and Ballybricken, which together were one ploughland and fifteen acres. Ringskiddy makes the point between Carrickaline Bay and Raphine Brook. In Mr. Abraham Dickson's orchard at Ballybricken there was a heap of rubbish that had been a church. Captain Hayes remembered the walls standing. The people of both places paid their tithes to Mr. Folliot, tenant to Dean Synge, and nothing was allowed to any clergyman. Island Creagh, Island Core, and Island Cahill in the harbour of Cork, being almost unprofitable, belonged to the lands of Ringskiddy. Haulbowline Island was the estate of the crown, with an old fort on it built in Queen Elizabeth's time, now out of repair. Formerly the Earl of Cork was governor of it. All these islands, together with Spike Island, belonged to the Great Island.

21. Round towers at the Seven Churches, Wicklow

    Glendalough · electoral division · Wicklow

    Sir Walter Scott describes the round towers at the Seven Churches in County Wicklow, noting one detached in the usual manner and another erected on the gable end of the ruined chapel of St. Kevin. He argues these towers were ecclesiastical buildings, possibly for the temporary retreat of priests and protection of holy things.

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    " Minarets they might have been accounted, if we had authority for believing that the ancient Christians were summoned to prayers like the Mahometans, by the voice of criers. It is, however, all but impossible to doubt that they were ecclesiastical buildings, and the most distinct idea we are able to form of them is, from the circumstance that the inestimably singular scene of Irish antiquities, called the seven churches in the county Wicklow, includes one of those round towers, detached in the usual manner, and another erected on the gable end of the Yuinous chapel of St. Kevin, as if some architect of genius had discovered the means of uniting the steeple and the church. These towers might possibly have been contrived for the temporary retreat of the priest, and the means of protecting the ' holy things ' from desecration on the occasion of alarm, which, in those uncertain times, suddenly happened, and as suddenly passed away."

    Internet Archive historyofcountyc02gibsiala, Chapter 229

    As the companion tells it

    As you pass through Glendalough, there are round towers at the Seven Churches that Walter Scott wrote about. He said they might have been called minarets, if anyone had reason to believe ancient Christians were summoned to prayer by criers, as Mahometans were. But he thought it all but impossible to doubt these were ecclesiastical buildings. At the Seven Churches in County Wicklow, one tower stands detached in the usual manner, and another is built on the gable end of the ruined chapel of St. Kevin. Scott thought it looked as if some architect of genius had found a way to unite the steeple and the church. He believed these towers may have been contrived for the temporary retreat of the priest, and for protecting the holy things from desecration when alarm came. In those uncertain times, he said, danger suddenly happened and as suddenly passed away.

22. South Chapel on Dunbar Street with Hogan's Dead Christ

    Cork · city · Cork

    The South Chapel on Dunbar Street in Cork, running from Douglas Street to George's Quay, is a large edifice containing a white marble figure of the Dead Christ by the sculptor Hogan.

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    In Dunbar Street, which runs from Douglas Street to George's Quay, is the South Chapel, a large edifice. Here is the Dead Christ, a figure in white marble, by Hogan ; and in Abbey Street, which is a continuation of Douglas Street, are the South Monastery and Presbytery, and the South Convent, in both of which establishments a large number of poor children, of both sexes, receive a most excellent and practical education, fitting them for the after -duties of life.

    Internet Archive historyofcountyc02gibsiala, Chapter 172

    As the companion tells it

    As you pass through Cork, Dunbar Street runs from Douglas Street to George's Quay, and on it stands the South Chapel, a large edifice. Inside is the Dead Christ, a figure in white marble by the sculptor Hogan. Nearby, Abbey Street, a continuation of Douglas Street, has the South Monastery and Presbytery, and the South Convent. In both establishments a large number of poor children of both sexes receive a practical education fitting them for the duties of life.

23. Surrender of Kinsale fort with 400 marching out

    Kinsale · town · Cork · 1649

    Kinsale and its fort were surrendered to Parliamentary forces, with 400 men marching out upon articles of surrender. Cromwell cited this as restoring the Parliament's interest in Munster.

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    " Seeking God for direction," Oliver sends a party of horse under Colonel Eeynolds, to Carrick, which he takes by surprise. From Carrick they proceed to Waterford, and take the Passage fort, and a large castle, and then sit down before the Urbs Intacta, which they could not take ; so, in order to cover his failure and retreat, Cromwell writes in the following style to the Speaker. The letter was read in parliament, and ordered to be printed and published, and " sent to all the ministers next Lord's day, who are to be, as they best may, the voice of our devout thankfulness for these great mercies." Let us see in what these mercies consisted, for they did not consist in the taking of Waterford. " It hath pleased the Lord, whilst these things have been thus transacting here, to add to our interest in Munster, Bandon-Bridge, the town — as we hear upon the matter — thrusting out young Jephson, who was their governor, or else deserting it upon that jealousy. As also Kinsale and the fort there. Out of this fort 400 men marched upon articles, when it was surrendered ; so that now, by the hand of the Lord, your interest in Munster is near as good already as ever it was since this war began. I sent a party about two days ago to my Lord of Broghill, from whom I expect to have an account of all."

    We don't know how to understand what Cromwell says about Bandoru It is evident he got Broghill's version of it. Bandon was in the hands of the Boyles, the Earl of Cork's sons, who did what they pleased

    Internet Archive historyofcountyc02gibsiala, Chapter 55

    As the companion tells it

    Coming up now is Kinsale, in Cork. In 1649, this town and its fort were surrendered to Parliamentary forces. Oliver Cromwell had sent a party of horse under Colonel Reynolds to Carrick, which they took by surprise. From Carrick they proceeded to Waterford, took the Passage fort and a large castle, then sat down before Waterford itself, which they could not take. Seeking to cover that failure, Cromwell wrote to the Speaker of Parliament. His letter was read in Parliament, ordered to be printed and published, and sent to all the ministers the next Lord's day, who were to be the voice of devout thankfulness for what Cromwell called great mercies. Those mercies did not consist in taking Waterford. Cromwell wrote that it had pleased the Lord to add to Parliament's interest in Munster: Bandon-Bridge, the town, thrusting out young Jephson who was their governor, or deserting it upon that jealousy. As also Kinsale and the fort there. Out of this fort 400 men marched upon articles when it was surrendered. Cromwell said that now, by the hand of the Lord, Parliament's interest in Munster was near as good as ever it was since the war began. He had sent a party about two days before to Lord Broghill, from whom he expected to have an account of all.

24. Kilgobban Castle on the river Bandon

    Kilgobban · townland · Cork

    Kilgobban Castle stands on the river Bandon and was built by MacCarthy. It is listed among the castle foundations found near Inishannon.

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    The Bandon river discharges itself into the sea at Kinsale. The passage of this river through the glen, near the pretty town of Inishannon, is very beautiful. The new Protestant church in this town or village, is a very fine structure. Inishannon was formerly walled, and a place of some note. In this neighbourhood are the foundations of several castles. Kilgobban Castle, on the river Bandon, built by Mac Carthy ; Downdaniel Castle, built by Barry Oge in 1476, at the confluence of the Brinny and Bandon rivers; and Carriganassig.

    From Inishannon to Kinsale the river runs through a rich loamy soil, its banks here and there clothed with rich foliage, still j ustifying Spenser's description of

    Internet Archive historyofcountyc02gibsiala, Chapter 255

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere close to Kilgobban, a castle once stood on the river Bandon. Kilgobban Castle was built by MacCarthy. It is counted among several castle foundations found near Inishannon, a place that was formerly walled and of some note. The Bandon river runs through a glen near Inishannon, and the passage there is very beautiful. From Inishannon to Kinsale the river runs through rich loamy soil, its banks clothed with rich foliage, still justifying Spenser's description of the country. Two other castles stood in the same neighbourhood. Downdaniel Castle was built by Barry Oge in 1476 at the confluence of the Brinny and Bandon rivers. Carriganassig is also named among them.

25. Barry's Castle on Patrick's Hill, now Audley House

    Cork · city · Cork

    Barry's Castle stood on Patrick's Hill, the eastern spur of the Glanmire ridge, on the northern side of the river Lee. The site is still pointed out on old maps; the building is now called Audley House and was in the possession of Mr. Keane.

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    We now cross the opening or glen — called Blackpool, or the Watercourse — which cuts the chain of mountains on the northern side of the river. On Patrick's hill, which forms the eastern spur of the Glanmire ridge of hills, stands Barry's castle. The site is still pointed out on old maps. The castle is now called Audley House, and is in the possession of our respected fellow-citizen, Mr. Keane. On this side of the river lay the three cantreds of ground granted by Henry II. to Fitzstephen, which Fitzstephen left to his nephew, Philip de Barry, and which King John confirmed to William de Barry. The Barrymore property lies chiefly on the north bank of the river and harbour of Cork.

    The Catholic Church of St. Patrick, on the Lower Glanmire Koad, was erected in 1845 by the Eight Rev* Doctor Murphy, Catholic Bishop of Cork. It is a handsome Grecian edifice, by no means unworthy of the refined taste of the architect, Mr. G. R. Paine.

    Internet Archive historyofcountyc02gibsiala, Chapter 194

    As the companion tells it

    As you pass through Cork, on Patrick's Hill, which forms the eastern spur of the Glanmire ridge, stood Barry's Castle. The site is still pointed out on old maps. The building is now called Audley House, and was in the possession of Mr. Keane. On this side of the river lay three cantreds of ground granted by Henry II to Fitzstephen. Fitzstephen left them to his nephew, Philip de Barry, and King John confirmed them to William de Barry. The Barrymore property lies chiefly on the north bank of the river and harbour of Cork. The Catholic Church of St. Patrick, on the Lower Glanmire Road, was erected in 1845 by the Right Reverend Doctor Murphy, Catholic Bishop of Cork. It is a handsome Grecian edifice, by no means unworthy of the refined taste of the architect, Mr. G. R. Paine.

26. Battery and cannon at Rostellan

    Rostellan · townland · Cork · 1646–1786

    A wall and round tower at the west end of Rostellan demesne resembled a battery, with four brass cannon pointing down the harbour. One cannon bore the inscription 'ASSUERUS KOSTER MB FECIT, AMSTELREDAM, A? 1646,' believed to have been brought by Inchiquin when general of the Parliamentary troops; the other three dated from 1786.

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    t The battery. — The wall at the west end of Rostellan demesne, and its round tower, has the appearance of a battery, and here are four brass pieces pointing down the harbour, on one of which we read — " ASSUERUS KOSTER MB FECIT, AMSTELREDAM, A? 1646." We conclude from the date, it was brought here by Inchiquin, when general of the Parliamentary troops. The other three pieces are of more modern date, 1786.

    436 HISTORY OF COEK.

    Internet Archive historyofcountyc02gibsiala, Chapter 225

    As the companion tells it

    Close to Rostellan, a wall and round tower at the west end of the demesne have the look of a battery. Four brass cannon point down the harbour. On one you can read the inscription, "Assuerus Koster MB fecit, Amstelredam, 1646." The date suggests it was brought here by Inchiquin, when he was general of the Parliamentary troops. The other three pieces are newer, dated 1786.

27. Castlemartyr borough charter, 1663

    Castlemartyr · townland · Cork · 1663

    The first Earl of Orrery had Castlemartyr erected into a borough in 1663, with the nomination of chief magistrate, recorder, town clerk and other officers to the earl and his heirs forever, along with the privilege of sending two members to parliament.

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    Castlemartyr afterwards came into the possession of Fitzgerald, who inherited from his kinsman, Fitzstephen. It subsequently came into the possession of the Cork or Boyle family. The first Earl of Orrery got the town erected into a borough in 1663, "with the nomination of the chief magistrate, recorder, town clerk, clerk of the market, and other proper officers, to the earl and his heirs for ever;" with the privilege of sending two members to parliament.

    Smith says, Castlemartyr was anciently called Leper* '« town, from a leper-house belonging to an adjacent place called Ballyouteragh.* Luckombe, speaking of Midleton, or Chore Abbey, says, " Near the water side is an ancient building, supposed to have been used as a leperhouse." We learn from Bishop Dive Downes, that the Cork Blue-coat school stands near the convent and leper-house of St. Stephen. There can be no doubt that a disease called leprosy prevailed at one time throughout this county. The poet Spenser, comparing England with Ireland, says : —

    Internet Archive historyofcountyc02gibsiala, Chapter 234

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere around here, Castlemartyr was erected into a borough in 1663. The first Earl of Orrery brought it about. The place had come into the possession of Fitzgerald, who inherited it from his kinsman, Fitzstephen, and afterwards it came into the hands of the Cork or Boyle family. The charter of 1663 gave the nomination of the chief magistrate, recorder, town clerk, clerk of the market, and other proper officers to the earl and his heirs forever. It also carried the privilege of sending two members to parliament. So the earl held the power to name the officers who ran the town, and that power was to stay with his line. The borough was the earl's instrument. He chose its magistrates, its clerk, the keeper of its market, and the right to send voices to parliament belonged to him and to those who came after.

28. Castletownsend fishing village and harbour

    Castletownsend · townland · Cork

    To the west of Myross is the fishing village of Castletownsend, situated on the north side of the harbour of Castlehaven. The harbour is half-a-mile wide, well sheltered, and vessels of 500 tons burden can anchor there. The village derives its name from the seat of Colonel Townsend.

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    To the west of Myross is the fishing village of Castletownsend, situated on the north side of the harbour of Castlehaven. The harbour is half-a-mile wide, and well sheltered ; vessels of 500 tons burden can anchor here. There is a ferry from this to Myross. Castletownsend derives its name from the seat of Colonel Townsend. For an account of the siege of Colonel Townsend's castle, see page 195 of this volume.

    The town of Skibbereen lies five or six miles to the north-north-west of Castletownsend. It is a market and post town, in the parish of Abbeystowry.* It is situated on the southern bank of the river Hen, and consists of seven streets. "We conclude that the last census will give this town a population of over 4,000, although no part of Ireland suffered more, or lost more of its population during the great famine of 1846-1848, than the town and district of Skibbereen. Skibbereen, as well as Dunmanway, Clonakilty, and Bandon, had its woollen and linen trade ; but this belongs to their past history. It is well situated for trade. The tide, from the harbour of Baltimore, flows up to the town, and the river Hen is navigable for vessels of 200 tons to Old Court, two miles below the town. The parochial church of Abbeystowry is situated in Bridgetown. Here is a E.G. chapel, a beautiful Grecian edifice, erected in 1826, under the direction of Doctor Collins, K.C. Bishop of Eoss.

    Internet Archive historyofcountyc02gibsiala, Chapter 265

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere around here is the fishing village of Castletownsend, sitting on the north side of the harbour of Castlehaven. The harbour is half a mile wide and well sheltered, and vessels of 500 tons burden can anchor there. A ferry runs from here to Myross. The village takes its name from the seat of Colonel Townsend. The book notes that an account of the siege of Colonel Townsend's castle can be found elsewhere in the same volume. About five or six miles to the north-north-west lies the town of Skibbereen, a market and post town in the parish of Abbeystowry. It stands on the southern bank of the river Hen and consists of seven streets. The writer expects the latest census to give the town a population of over 4,000, though no part of Ireland suffered more or lost more of its people during the great famine of 1846 to 1848 than Skibbereen and its district. Skibbereen, like Dunmanway, Clonakilty and Bandon, once had a woollen and linen trade, but that belongs to past history. It is well situated for trade. The tide from the harbour of Baltimore flows up to the town, and the river Hen is navigable for vessels of 200 tons to Old Court, two miles below the town. The parochial church of Abbeystowry stands in Bridgetown. There is a chapel here, a beautiful Grecian edifice erected in 1826 under the direction of Doctor Collins, Bishop of Ross.

29. Catholic mayor Sarsfield collects Spittal Lands rent for Jesuits, Cork, 1689

    Cork · city · Cork · 1689

    In 1689, Dominick Sarsfield, the Catholic mayor of Cork, directed his attorney Michael Goold to recover £60 in rent of the Spittal Lands from John Cornish, a butcher, for a society of Jesuits then living in Cork. The Spittal Lands later became the property of the Cork Blue-coat School.

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    We find Dominick Sarsfield, the Catholic mayor in 1689, directing Michael Goold, his attorney, to recover from John Cornish, a butcher, the sum of sixty pounds — the rent of Spittal Lands — for a society of Jesuits then living in Cork. The Spittal Lands are now the property of the Cork Blue-coat School.

    It was enacted, on the same occasion, that no public work or building shall be undertaken before an esti-

    Internet Archive historyofcountyc02gibsiala, Chapter 95

    As the companion tells it

    In 1689, the Catholic mayor of Cork, Dominick Sarsfield, set his attorney Michael Goold to recover sixty pounds in rent of the Spittal Lands from John Cornish, a butcher. The money was owed to a society of Jesuits then living in Cork. The Spittal Lands later became the property of the Cork Blue-coat School.

30. Catholic priests shipped from Cork, 1698

    Cork · city · Cork · 1698

    In 1698, seventy-five Roman Catholic priests were shipped out from Cork, with their passage and provisions paid for by act of parliament. The county had thirty regular clergy and ninety-seven seculars at the time.

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    " AJX 1698. There were in this county 30 regular clergy and 97 seculars, of whom 75 were this year shipped off from Cork, their passage and provisions being paid for by act of parliament.

    "A.D, 1703. Sixty- two Eoman Catholic priests were registered in the county and city of Cork, of whom fifty -two were in the county and four in the city.

    Internet Archive historyofcountyc02gibsiala, Chapter 103

    As the companion tells it

    Cork, ahead. In 1698, the county had 30 regular clergy and 97 seculars. That year, 75 of them were shipped off from this city, their passage and provisions paid for by act of parliament. By 1703, 62 Roman Catholic priests were registered in the county and city of Cork, 52 in the county and 4 in the city.

31. County Gaol, Cork, with Doric portico

    Cork · city · Cork

    The County Gaol in Cork, approached via a common road shared with Queen's College, featured a beautiful portico of four Doric columns believed to be copied from the Temple of Bacchus at Athens. The author criticises the shared approach to the college and gaol as being in poor taste, and notes the alternative route through dirty back lanes near St. Finn-Barr's.

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    The County Gaol has a beautiful portico, consisting of four Doric columns, copied, we believe from the Temple of Bacchus, at Athens. Mr. Joyce, the

    Internet Archive historyofcountyc02gibsiala, Chapter 185

    As the companion tells it

    In Cork, the County Gaol has a beautiful portico of four Doric columns, copied, it is believed, from the Temple of Bacchus at Athens. The approach shares a road with Queen's College, something a writer of the time calls poor taste. The alternative runs through dirty back lanes near St. Finn-Barr's.

32. Desmond's race inscription in St. Finn-Barr's churchyard

    Cork · city · Cork

    In the churchyard of St. Finn-Barr's, thinly scattered with remains of distinguished men, one stone bore the inscription: 'Here lies a branch of Desmond's race, In Thomas Holland's burial place.'

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    " Here lies a branch of Desmond's race, In Thomas Holland's burial place."

    * Burying fees. Bailies, in Scotland, at one time, demanded the tl Serial horte," or cow, i.e. the best in the possession of the tenant when he died.

    Internet Archive historyofcountyc02gibsiala, Chapter 182

    As the companion tells it

    As you pass through Cork, St. Finn-Barr's churchyard holds the remains of distinguished men, thinly scattered. One stone bore the inscription:

33. Dunmanway castle built 1507 by Catherine Desmond

    Dunmanway · town · Cork · 1507

    Dunmanway, meaning 'Fort of Gables,' is a market and post town in the parish of Fanlobbus, ten miles north-east of Clonakilty. Its castle was built in 1507 by Catherine, daughter of Thomas of Drogheda, eighth Earl of Desmond, described as 'a truly hospitable woman.'

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    * Dun-na-m-beann, or " Fort of Gables," now anglicised into Dunmanway. The castle was built in 1507, by Catherine, the daughter of Thomas of Drogheda, eighth Earl of Desmond, " a truly hospitable woman."

    t National Board. The number of children on the roll of National Schools, in this county, on the 81st December, 1859, was — Catholics, 17,205 ; Protestants of all denominations, 516. The numbers in the province of Munster, were Catholics, 49,092 ; Protestants, 1974. Total of all denominations, 51,066.

    Internet Archive historyofcountyc02gibsiala, Chapter 260

    As the companion tells it

    Dunmanway takes its name from words meaning Fort of Gables. A market and post town in the parish of Fanlobbus, ten miles north-east of Clonakilty. Its castle was built in 1507 by Catherine, daughter of Thomas of Drogheda, eighth Earl of Desmond. She was remembered as a truly hospitable woman.

34. Earl of Cork entertains officers at Lismore

    Lismore · town · Waterford

    Lord Cork supplied the general with £500 and entertained him and all his officers nobly at Lismore during the military operation centred on Kinsale.

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    tenants.* He supplied the general with £500, and entertained him and all his officers nobly at Lismore."

    This remarkable man, as we learn from his autobiography, or True Eemembrancer, was born in the city of Canterbury, on the 3rd of October, 1566. His father died when he was but ten years old, in 1576, and a brother in 1586.

    Internet Archive historyofcountyc02gibsiala, Chapter 16

    As the companion tells it

    Lismore is a town the road passes through. During the military operation centred on Kinsale, the Earl of Cork supplied the general with £500 and entertained him and all his officers nobly here. The earl himself was a remarkable man, born in Canterbury on the 3rd of October 1566. His father died when he was ten, in 1576, and a brother in 1586.

35. Earl of Cork warns of Turkish fleet threat

    Kinsale · town · Cork · 1631

    The Earl of Cork wrote to Lord Dorchester with a map of Baltimore, warning that the Turks intended to attempt the forts of Cork and Kinsale. He noted that the fort at Hawlbolyn and the fort of Castle-park near Kinsale had their wards and ordnance withdrawn beforehand.

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    * Another attempt. In Lord Cork's letter to Lord Dorchester, with a map of Baltimore, he says the Turks were to attempt the forts of Cork and Einsale, the one being the fort of Hawlbolyn, at the mouth of the river of Cork, and the fort of Castle-park, near Kinsale, from both which forts the wards and ordnance were withdrawn before." The letter is dated from " Dublin, 19th February, 1631"

    Internet Archive historyofcountyc02gibsiala, Chapter 267

    As the companion tells it

    As you come through Kinsale, in 1631 this town was thought to be in the path of a Turkish fleet. The Earl of Cork wrote to Lord Dorchester from Dublin, warning that the Turks intended to attempt the forts of Cork and Kinsale. The fort of Castle-park near here had already had its wards and ordnance withdrawn before the letter was written on the 19th of February, 1631.

36. Etymology and Origin of the Name Cork

    Cork · city · Cork

    The city of Cork is believed to derive its name from the marshy ground on which it stands, 'Corcach' signifying a marsh, though some attribute it to Core, King of Munster, grandfather of Aenghus, the first Christian king of Munster. Cork was also styled 'Corcach Mor Mumhan,' or the great Cork of Munster.

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    Corcach signifies a marsh — we still have our " marsh," although it is built on — and corrach, a boat. Doctor Smith translates it " a naval place, or a place of curraghs," or boats. He then launches out into a learned disquisition on the Coriondi, or Navigators, who made their boats of skins or leather ; on the Welsh cruffh, the Latin corium, and the Greek xrous. Cork was also styled Corcach Mor Mumhan, or the great Cork of Munster.

    St, Finn-barr has the best claim to be considered the

    Internet Archive historyofcountyc02gibsiala, Chapter 156

    As the companion tells it

    As you come through Cork, the name itself is worth stopping on. Corcach means a marsh. The city still has its marsh, though it is built on. Corrach also means a boat, and Doctor Smith translates it as "a naval place, or a place of curraghs," or boats. He goes on about the Coriondi, the Navigators, who built their boats of skins or leather, and traces the word through Welsh cruffh, Latin corium, and Greek. Cork was also styled Corcach Mor Mumhan, the great Cork of Munster.

37. Founding of Kilcrea Abbey

    Kilcrea · townland · Cork · 1467

    The castle and beautiful abbey of Kilcrea are situated on the banks of the river Bride in the parish of Desertmore. The abbey was founded in 1467 by Cormac MacCarthy, who ordered strict Sabbath observance in his territory.

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    To the south, on the banks of the Bride, in the parish of Desertmore, are the castle and the beautiful abbey of Kilcrea, founded in 3 467, by Cormac Mac

    * The paper manufactured here. — Mr. Alfred Greer, the proprietor, has another mill for the manufacture of coarser paper, at Glenville, on the Bride, distant about ten miles from Cork. The excise duty paid on the paper manufactured at these two mills, averaged, during the last few years, between nine and ten thousand pounds. Mr. Allen has paper mills for the manufacture of brown, sugar, and tissue paper, on the Shourna river, about 2| miles from St. Ann's, Blarney ; and Mr. Phair has one at Butlerstown, Glanmire. This mill has been working many years, making brown and sugar paper. These are all the paper mills in the county.

    Internet Archive historyofcountyc02gibsiala, Chapter 251

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere around here, on the banks of the river Bride in the parish of Desertmore, stand the castle and the abbey of Kilcrea. Cormac MacCarthy founded the abbey in 1467. He ordered strict observance of the Sabbath throughout his territory.

38. Idle vagabonds rioted in Cork suburbs near Maypole, 1768

    Cork · city · Cork · 1768

    In April 1768, a great number of idle vagabonds annoyed the city of Cork by assembling in different parts of the suburbs on the Sabbath day, cutting and hacking one another and any inhabitants who fell in their way. Several pitched battles were appointed to be fought about the Maypole.

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    " April 28th, 1768. For some weeks past a great number of idle vagabonds had annoyed the city, by assembling in different parts of the suburbs on the Sabbath day, for the purpose of cutting and hacking, not only one another, but any of the inhabitants who might fall in their way. Several pitched battles were appointed to be fought by these gentry about the Maypole."

    Internet Archive historyofcountyc02gibsiala, Chapter 106

    As the companion tells it

    As you pass through Cork, there is a story from April 1768. For some weeks, a great number of idle vagabonds had annoyed the city, assembling in different parts of the suburbs on the Sabbath day, for the purpose of cutting and hacking one another and any inhabitants who fell in their way. Several pitched battles were appointed to be fought about the Maypole.

39. Lord Muskerry's horse marched from Dromagh castle

    Dromagh · townland · Cork · 1652

    During the siege of Limerick in July 1652, Lord Muskerry raised an army for its relief. Lord Broghill received intelligence that a body of Muskerry's horse had marched from the castle of Dromagh, near the Blackwater, and gave pursuit.

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    Ireton was engaged in the seige of Limerick, on the July of 1652, when Lord Muskerry raised an army for its relief. Lord Broghill, who received intelligence that a body of Lord Muskerry's horse had marched from the castle of Dromagh, near the Blackwater, gave pursuit. We give Lord Broghill's account of the affair: — "In the morning early, I passed the river, near Clonmeen, where I met with ninety Irish, who were under protection. I asked them what they were assembled for ? They answered, they came out of curiosity to see the battle. Having asked them how they knew there was to be a battle ? they answered, they had a prophecy that there was to be one fought on that ground, one time or other, and they knew none more likely than the present. Upon which I again asked them, on what side the victory was to fall? They shook their heads, and said the English are to get the day.

    " Having begun to march to their camp, the Irish

    Internet Archive historyofcountyc02gibsiala, Chapter 60

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere around here, in July 1652, Lord Muskerry raised an army to relieve Limerick, where Ireton had the city under siege. Lord Broghill received intelligence that a body of Lord Muskerry's horse had marched from the castle of Dromagh, near the Blackwater, and gave pursuit. Broghill told what happened next. In the morning early, he passed the river near Clonmeen, where he met with 90 Irish who were under protection. He asked them what they were assembled for. They answered they came out of curiosity to see the battle. He asked them how they knew there was to be a battle. They said they had a prophecy that there was to be one fought on that ground, one time or other, and they knew none more likely than the present. He asked on what side the victory was to fall. They shook their heads, and said, "the English are to get the day."

40. Lord Shannon's borough influence in Cork

    Charleville · town · Cork · 1800

    Lord Shannon had more or less influence in four boroughs in County Cork, which were worth £60,000 in compensation money. He was joint patron with Lord Cork of Charleville, receiving £7,500 for that borough.

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    The compensation money paid for disfranchising and decreasing the representation in Irish boroughs amounted to £1,260,000. "Paid by the people,5' said Grattan, " for getting themselves turned out of parliament." The expression is more epigrammatic than true. It was not the people but the nominees of the noblemen, that were turned out. This was well understood, and it was the noble patrons of these boroughs that got the money. The price given for each borough was £15,000. Now as Cork had seven boroughs disfranchised, namely, Charleville, Midleton, Baltimore, Clonakilty, Castlemartyr, Doneraile, and Eathcormac, the noble patrons must have pocketed — deducting the small sums they may have given their nominees, £105,000. Lords Cork and Shannon, who were joint patrons of Charleville, received £7,500 for this small borough. Lord Shannon had more or less influence in four boroughs in this county, which were worth £60,000. Mr. Hare, afterwards Lord Ennismore,

    266 HISTORY OF CORK.

    Internet Archive historyofcountyc02gibsiala, Chapter 140

    As the companion tells it

    Charleville was one of seven boroughs in County Cork that lost their representation in parliament around 1800. The price paid for disfranchising each Irish borough was £15,000, and across the country the compensation money came to £1,260,000. Grattan called it money "paid by the people for getting themselves turned out of parliament," though in truth it was the nominees of the noblemen who were turned out, and the noble patrons who received the money. Lords Cork and Shannon were joint patrons of Charleville, and they received £7,500 for this small borough. Lord Shannon had more or less influence in four boroughs in County Cork, which together were worth £60,000 to him in compensation. Charleville is the town you pass through near here.

41. Millikin, author of 'Groves of Blarney', born at Castlemartyr

    Castlemartyr · townland · Cork · 1767–1815

    Richard Alfred Millikin, author of the 'Groves of Blarney' and other poems, was born at Castlemartyr in 1767 and died in 1815. He practised as an attorney in Cork and was regarded as a man of true genius.

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    But Richard Alfred Millikin, the author of the " Groves of Blarney," " Ode to the Lee," " Knop, a Fairy Tale," and many other poems, was a man of true genius. He was born at Castlemartyr, in 1767, and died 1815. He practised for some years as an attorney, in Cork.

    492 HISTORY OF COEK.

    Internet Archive historyofcountyc02gibsiala, Chapter 253

    As the companion tells it

    Close to Castlemartyr, Richard Alfred Millikin was born in 1767. He wrote the Groves of Blarney, an Ode to the Lee, a fairy tale called Knop, and many other poems, and was called a man of true genius. He practised as an attorney in Cork for some years, and died in 1815.

42. Mitchelstown alms houses and endowment

    Mitchelstown · townland · Cork · 1749

    Alms houses called 'the college' and a minister's house were erected on the Mitchelstown property, with an endowment of £1,200 a-year attached. Smith in 1749 had described the fine house, park, gardens, and improvements of the place.

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    Smith, writing in 1749, says, " Mitchelstown is the principal place in this barony." He speaks of " the fine house and park,* and improvements, and the gardens kept in fine order." The gardens of Mitchelstown Castle were, till within the last few years, the finest in the county. A number of very excellent alms' houses, called "the college" and a minister's house, have been erected on this property, to which an endowment of £1,200 a-year is attached. Smith describes the church, in his time— which was a chapel-of-ease — as in decent repair; and the walls of the old church, as built of large blocks of a very fine -freestone. " Here were the remains of one of the round towers, which stood 30 yards from the south west angle of the church, and fell in the memory of several people."

    Colgan says this place was a bishopric. The Baculus Finachani, or St. Finachan's staff, "on which the

    Internet Archive historyofcountyc02gibsiala, Chapter 242

    As the companion tells it

    Close to Mitchelstown, alms houses called the college and a minister's house were erected on this property, with an endowment of £1,200 a-year attached. Smith, writing in 1749, called Mitchelstown the principal place in this barony. He spoke of the fine house and park, the improvements, and the gardens kept in fine order. The gardens of Mitchelstown Castle were, till within the last few years, the finest in the county. Smith describes the church in his time, a chapel-of-ease, as in decent repair, and the walls of the old church as built of large blocks of a very fine freestone. Here were the remains of one of the round towers, which stood 30 yards from the south west angle of the church, and fell in the memory of several people. Colgan says this place was a bishopric. The Baculus Finachani, or St. Finachan's staff, on which the

43. Mountjoy defeats O'Neill and O'Donnell at Kinsale

    Kinsale · town · Cork · 1601

    Charles Blount, Lord Mountjoy, about thirty-five years old, had already beaten Hugh O'Neill and O'Donnell before Kinsale and supplanted the Earl of Essex in Elizabeth's court, making him the dominant military and political figure in Ireland.

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    The reader may wish to know more of a man who held opinions so much in advance of his age. Charles Blount, or Lord Mountjoy, was at this time about thirty-five years of age, although he had beaten Hugh O'Neill, and O'Donnell before Kinsale, and supplanted the Earl of Essex, in the court of Elizabeth — a feat of

    Internet Archive historyofcountyc02gibsiala, Chapter 8

    As the companion tells it

    You're coming into Kinsale, the Cork town where the great turn of 1601 played out. Charles Blount, Lord Mountjoy, about 35 years old, had already beaten Hugh O'Neill and O'Donnell before Kinsale, and supplanted the Earl of Essex in Elizabeth's court. A man, the book says, who held opinions so much in advance of his age.

44. Passage West town and James II land grant

    Passage West · town · Cork

    Passage consists of wharfs, docks, terraces, and a slender line of houses along the river, with a Protestant church, a Catholic chapel, and a Methodist meeting house. Pembrokestown and the town of Passage were granted to John Parsons by James II and later came into the possession of the Stamers and Bolands through intermarriage.

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    Proceeding down the river we pass, on the right, Eing-Mahon, Lakelands, Old-Court, Ardmore, Rockingham, Horsehead, Pembroke and Passage, which consists of wharfs, docks, two or three terraces, and a slender line of houses running along the river. A few better built mansions are beginning to climb the sides 'of the hill. The town contains a Protestant church, a Catholic chapel, and a Methodist meeting house. Pembrokestown and the town of Passage was granted to John Parsons by James II., and came into the possession of the Stamers and the Bolands, who intermarried with the Parson family.

    There is a railway, about six miles in length, from Cork to Passage. We learn from the Cork Directory of Thomas Holt, published in 1837, that in 1810,

    Internet Archive historyofcountyc02gibsiala, Chapter 210

    As the companion tells it

    Passage West sits along the river, a town of wharfs and docks, two or three terraces, and a slender line of houses running along the water. A few better built mansions were beginning to climb the sides of the hill. The town had a Protestant church, a Catholic chapel, and a Methodist meeting house. Pembrokestown and the town of Passage were granted to John Parsons by James II. The land later came into the possession of the Stamers and the Bolands, who intermarried with the Parson family. A railway ran from Cork to Passage, about six miles in length.

45. Post-Famine emigration from Cork

    Cork · city · Cork · 1851–1860

    Between May 1851 and December 1860, 146,422 people emigrated from the county and city of Cork. This mass departure was driven by low wages and underemployment, with agricultural labourers working only four days a week on average.

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    "We cannot be surprised, under such circumstances, at the numbers that leave our shores in search of employment elsewhere. From the 1st of May, 1851, to the 31st of December, 1860, 146,422 emigrated from the county and city of Cork alone. The returns for the year 1860 shew an increase of about a third over 1859. The total number of emigrants from Ireland, from the 1st of May, 1851, to the 1st of September, 1860, was 1,140,982. I make these statements on the authority V)f the Irish Registrar General.

    We may regret to see such numbers leaving our shores, but it is better they should go than starve at home. It is better for those that go and those that remain. The Irish have ever been distinguished for attachment to their country. The EXILE OF ERIN is not an overdrawn picture of an expatriated Irishman, but there are no people more sensible of the importance of emigration. There seems of late to prevail amongst them the same sort of natural instinct as that which impels a hive of bees to cast a swarm, or the feathered tribes to leave our shores at the approach of winter. And this state of things will prevail while wages and the means of support in Ireland continue at their present low standard.

    Internet Archive historyofcountyc02gibsiala, Chapter 272

    As the companion tells it

    As you travel through Cork, this is a city and county that lost vast numbers of people after the famine. Agricultural labourers were working only four days a week on average, and wages stayed low. Between the 1st of May 1851 and the 31st of December 1860, 146,422 people emigrated from the county and city of Cork alone. The year 1860 showed an increase of about a third over 1859. Across all of Ireland, the total number of emigrants from the 1st of May 1851 to the 1st of September 1860 was 1,140,982. These figures come from the Irish Registrar General. The author of this record wrote that we may regret seeing such numbers leave our shores, but it is better they should go than starve at home. It is better, he said, for those who go and those who remain. The Irish have ever been distinguished for attachment to their country. He noted that the Exile of Erin is not an overdrawn picture of an expatriated Irishman. He compared what was happening to a hive of bees casting a swarm, or the feathered tribes leaving at the approach of winter. And he said this state of things would prevail while wages and the means of support in Ireland continued at their present low standard.

46. Queenstown port trade, 1859

    Cobh · municipal district · Cork · 1859–1860

    In 1859, 1,680 ships called at Queenstown, carrying corn, sugar, guano, timber, rice and other goods. The port's merchant Philip Scott testified before a House of Commons committee in June 1860 about the volume and economics of this trade.

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    The general business of the town depends on the number of vessels that visit the port. Mr. Philip Scott, in his examination before a committee of the House of Commons, in June 1860, said: — "I am a merchant and a shipowner at Queenstown ; the number of vessels which arrived in Queenstown last year, laden with corn, was 778 ; of these 196 discharged at Cork, and the remaining 682 proceeded to various ports, principally of Ireland. I would allow five shillings per ton off the freight rather than send my vessel round to Limerick ; the total number of ships which called at Queenstown in 1859 was 1,680; of these 778 were laden with corn, 186 with sugar, 72 with guano, 188 with timber, 21 with rice, and 435 with various stuffs. There is a large steamboat trade between Cork and England ; and nearly all the American steamers call there, both outward and homeward bound. The passenger traffic of these vessels was on the increase, and would ultimately be expected to reach 400 or 500 a-week."

    Queenstown is governed by Town Commissioners. A portion of the town is well lighted and cleaned, but much yet remains to be done, especially in the neighbourhood of Holy- Ground.*

    Internet Archive historyofcountyc02gibsiala, Chapter 215

    As the companion tells it

    The road passes through or near Cobh. In 1859, 1,680 ships called at this port, then called Queenstown. Philip Scott told a committee of the House of Commons in June 1860 what that trade looked like. He opened by saying, "I am a merchant and a shipowner at Queenstown." He said 778 of those ships were laden with corn. Of those, 196 discharged at Cork, and 682 proceeded to various ports, principally of Ireland. He said he would allow five shillings per ton off the freight rather than send his vessel round to Limerick. The rest of the ships carried 186 loads of sugar, 72 of guano, 188 of timber, 21 of rice, and 435 of various stuffs. There was a large steamboat trade between Cork and England, and nearly all the American steamers called there, both outward and homeward bound. The passenger traffic of these vessels was on the increase and expected to reach 400 or 500 a week.

47. Sarah Curran married at Woodhill

    Woodhill · townland · Donegal

    Woodhill, residence of Cooper Penrose, was the scene of Sarah Curran's marriage to Captain Henry Sturgeon. Sarah, daughter of John Philpot Curran, had been previously betrothed to Robert Emmet.

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    * Woodhill, the residence of Cooper Penrose. Sarah, the daughter of John Pliilpot Curran, who was hetrothed to Emmet, was married beneath this roof to Captain Henry Sturgeon.

    404 HISTORY OF CORK.

    Internet Archive historyofcountyc02gibsiala, Chapter 209

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere close to Woodhill stood the residence of Cooper Penrose. Sarah, the daughter of John Philpot Curran, who had been betrothed to Emmet, was married beneath this roof to Captain Henry Sturgeon.

48. South Mall canal closed in 1801

    South Mall · street · Cork · 1801

    The South Mall, running at a right angle with the southern end of the Grand Parade, had its central canal crossed by wooden bridges until it was arched and closed in 1801. The street contains notable structures including the Bank of Ireland, the National Bank, the County Club, and the Commercial Building connected to the Imperial Hotel.

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    THE SOUTH MALL runs at a right angle with the lower, or southern, end of the Parade. The centre of the South Mall was also occupied by a canal — crossed by wooden bridges — which was not arched, or closed in, till 1801. This street contains some fine structures, namely, the Bank of Ireland, the National Bank, the County Club, and the Commercial Building, in connexion with which we have the Imperial Hotel, which occupies the western corner of Pembroke Street. On the opposite corner is the Cork Library. This excellent institution was established in 1792. It contains a large number of works on general literature. It is governed by a committee, chosen from the subscribers. The subscription is a guinea a- year.

    The Protestant Hall arose out of the refusal to allow Father Gavazzi to lecture on Roman Catholicism in the Cork Atheneeum. The site of the hall is situated on a piece of ground to the rere of the houses afrthe south side of the South Mall, from which it has an entrance opposite Cook Street. It has also an entrance from Queen Street, immediately to the rere of Father Mathew's chapel. The hall is 98 feet long by 45 feet wide, in the clear of walls, and 36 feet high from floor to ceiling. It is lighted from the sides and end by large semi-circular headed windows, finished internally with pilasters and rich dressings. The piers between the windows are occupied by coupled Corinthian pilasters, which support a rich cornice and entablature, having breaks over the pilasters, running

    Internet Archive historyofcountyc02gibsiala, Chapter 165

    As the companion tells it

    This is South Mall in Cork. It runs at a right angle with the southern end of the Parade. The centre of the street was once occupied by a canal, crossed by wooden bridges. That canal was not arched over or closed in until 1801. The street contains some fine structures. Among them are the Bank of Ireland, the National Bank, the County Club, and the Commercial Building, connected to the Imperial Hotel, which occupies the western corner of Pembroke Street. On the opposite corner is the Cork Library, established in 1792. It contains a large number of works on general literature, governed by a committee chosen from the subscribers. The subscription is a guinea a year. The Protestant Hall arose out of the refusal to allow Father Gavazzi to lecture on Roman Catholicism in the Cork Athenaeum. The hall sits on ground behind the houses on the south side of the street, with an entrance opposite Cook Street. It also has an entrance from Queen Street, immediately behind Father Mathew's chapel. The hall is 98 feet long by 45 feet wide, in the clear of walls, and 36 feet high from floor to ceiling. It is lighted from the sides and end by large semi-circular headed windows, finished internally with pilasters and rich dressings. The piers between the windows are occupied by coupled Corinthian pilasters, which support a rich cornice and entablature.

49. Spike Island convicts employed on fortifications

    Spike Island · townland · Cork · 1860

    Convicts at Spike Island were put to work on the island's fortifications under the engineer department. The value of their labour in the preceding year nearly equalled the entire expense of running the prison, and prisoners were described as fairly fed and fairly worked.

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    The convicts at Spike are engaged at the fortifications of the island, under the superintendence of the engineer department. The amount of work performed by the convicts last year, was nearly equal to the entire expense of the prison. The prisoners are fairly fed and fairly worked, and when they leave the prison are generally better able to do a fair day's work than when they entered it,

    Enlarged and enlightened principles, based upon the great laws and motives that regulate and influence our nature, have been laid down and most successfully carried out by the present board of Irish Prison Directors. Captain Walter Crofton, C.B., in a pam-

    Internet Archive historyofcountyc02gibsiala, Chapter 219

    As the companion tells it

    Close to Spike Island, in 1860, convicts were put to work on the island's fortifications, under the engineer department. The work they did the year before was nearly equal to the entire expense of running the prison. The prisoners were fairly fed and fairly worked, and when they left the prison they were generally better able to do a fair day's work than when they entered it. The source says "enlarged and enlightened principles" had been laid down and carried out by the board of Irish Prison Directors, under Captain Walter Crofton.

50. William Kingsmill's losses at Ballybeg

    Ballybeg · townland · Cork · 1642

    William Kingsmill of Ballybeg gave a deposition concerning property losses during the 1642 rising in County Cork, stating he lost property to the amount of £7,242 12s. 1d., one of the largest individual losses recorded in the depositions.

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    Mr. Clayton's castle, near Mallow, was taken — after some hard fighting — and its garrison, of twenty-four men, put to the sword. Mr. Bettesworth's house was also seized, and the royal confederate troops quartered there. In one of the four manuscript volumes of " Depositions, concerning the Murders and Robberies Committed in the County of Cork" now deposited in Trinity College Library, we find Mr. Bettesworth stating his losses at £2,279. William Kingsmill, of Ballybeg, deposes that he lost property to the amount of £7,242 12s. Id'. James Baldwin, of Ballyhay, in the barony of Fermoy, who makes his mark, I. B., lost to the value of £58 8s. " John Brice, of Cahirduggan, in the county of Cork, taylour, deposeth and saith, that on or about the llth

    * The other cattle — the ruins of which stand on the banks of the Blackwater, within Sir Denham Norrejs' demesne. This noble pile was raised by one of the Earls of Desmond.

    Internet Archive historyofcountyc02gibsiala, Chapter 33

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere around here, William Kingsmill of Ballybeg saw his property swept away in the rising of 1642. His testimony survives among the depositions concerning murders and robberies committed in County Cork, now held in Trinity College Library. Kingsmill swore he lost property to the amount of £7,242 12s. 1d., one of the largest single losses recorded in those pages. Others in the county suffered too. Mr. Bettesworth stated his losses at £2,279. James Baldwin of Ballyhay, in the barony of Fermoy, who made his mark, lost to the value of £58 8s. But Kingsmill's figure stands apart, a measure of what was taken from this place in that violent year.

51. Youghal's name and wooded coast origins

    Youghal · town · Cork

    The name Youghal, or Eo-coill, signifies a 'yew wood.' Nearly the whole of the coast between Killeagh and Youghal was once covered with timber, which left deposits of peat. The estuary of the Blackwater attracted settlers from the remotest times due to abundant river and sea supplies.

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    From Youghal to Cork is twenty-seven miles by rail, and from Killeagh to Youghal, seven miles. The railway runs near the shore. Nearly the whole of this coast was at one time covered with timber, which has left the usual deposit of peat, or turf. Youghal, or Eo-coill, signifies a " yew wood." The following beautiful passage, from Mr. Hayman's Annals of Youghal — a work to which we must refer the reader for a correct and circumstantial history of this old and interesting town — is as true as it is poetical: — " The opening scene of human colonization is, generally, beside a river's mouth. On the shore, the wigwam of the savage first sends up its wreathing volumes of smoke; and by-and-by the settlement is formed, and some chief chosen to give laws to the community. The estuary of the Blackwater in Munster must have attracted the attention of settlers from the remotest times. The aborigines, who shunned the toil of cultivating the earth, would find strong inducement to tarry on a spot where, by launching a canoe, their animal cravings would be immediately satisfied with the abundant supplies of both river and sea."

    Youghal is a borough town, and before the act of

    Internet Archive historyofcountyc02gibsiala, Chapter 235

    As the companion tells it

    The town of Youghal takes its name from Eo-coill, which signifies a yew wood. Nearly the whole of the coast from Killeagh to Youghal, seven miles, was at one time covered with timber. That forest has left its deposit of peat, or turf, in the ground. A writer called Hayman, in his Annals of Youghal, described how the first human settlements generally begin beside a river's mouth. On the shore, he said, the wigwam of the savage first sends up its wreathing volumes of smoke, and by-and-by the settlement is formed, and some chief chosen to give laws to the community. The estuary of the Blackwater in Munster must have attracted the attention of settlers from the remotest times. The aborigines, who shunned the toil of cultivating the earth, would find strong inducement to tarry on a spot where, by launching a canoe, their animal cravings would be immediately satisfied with the abundant supplies of both river and sea. Youghal is a borough town, and before the act of

52. Ballybricken church ruins described by Dive Downes

    Ballybricken · townland · Cork · 1700

    Writing in 1700, Bishop Dive Downes noted that Ringskiddy and Ballybricken formed one ploughland and fifteen acres at the point between Carrickaline Bay and Raphine Brook. A heap of rubbish in Mr. Abraham Dickson's orchard at Ballybricken was formerly a church whose walls Captain Hayes remembered standing.

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    " I saw Ringskiddy f and Ballybricken. Ringskiddy and Ballybricken are one ploughland and fifteen acres. Ringskiddy makes the point betwixt Carrickaline bay and Raphine brook. There is a heap of rubbish in Mr. Abraham Dickson's orchard at Ballybricken, which was a church heretofore. Captain Hayes remembers the walls standing. The people of both these places pay their tithes to Mr. Folliot, tenant to Dean Synge; nothing is allowed to any clergyman. Island Creagh, Island Core, and Island Cahill, in the harbour of Cork, (being almost unprofitable) belong to the lands of Ringskiddy. Haulbowline Island is the estate of the crown ; there is an old fort on it, built in Queen Elizabeth's time, now out of repair. Formerly the Earl of Cork was governor of it. All these islands, together with Spike Island, belong (as 'tis said) to the Great Island."

    We have no difficulty in detecting Rocky Island in Creagh Island, for creagach is rocky in Irish. Core, Chore, or Ford Island, may stand for Eing Island, approached by a ford. Between Spike, Eocky, Haulbowline and Queenstown, is Eat Island, a barren rock. Eocky Island is an important powder magazine, it contains at the present time about 300 tons of powder. Haulbowline, f a depot for naval and military stores.

    Internet Archive historyofcountyc02gibsiala, Chapter 213

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere close to Ballybricken, Bishop Dive Downes came in 1700 and saw what was left of a church. He wrote that Ringskiddy and Ballybricken were one ploughland and fifteen acres, with Ringskiddy making the point between Carrickaline Bay and Raphine Brook. At Ballybricken there was a heap of rubbish in Mr. Abraham Dickson's orchard, which had been a church heretofore. Captain Hayes remembered the walls standing. The people of both places paid their tithes to Mr. Folliot, tenant to Dean Synge, and nothing was allowed to any clergyman. Downes noted the islands in the harbour of Cork as well. Island Creagh, Island Core, and Island Cahill, being almost unprofitable, belonged to the lands of Ringskiddy. Haulbowline Island was the estate of the crown. There was an old fort on it, built in Queen Elizabeth's time, now out of repair. Formerly the Earl of Cork was governor of it. All these islands, together with Spike Island, belong, as it is said, to the Great Island.

53. Castlemartyr as seat of Mac Tire, chieftain of Uí Mocaille

    Castlemartyr · townland · Cork

    Castlemartyr, formerly called Ballymartyr, was the dwelling place of Mac Tire, chieftain of the ancient sept of Uí Mocaille, from which the barony of Imokilly derives its name. It is now the residence of the Earl of Shannon.

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    Castlemartyr, the residence of the Earl of Shannon, is not far from the Mogeely station. It was formerly called Ballymartyr. Here, before the English conquest, dwelt Mac Tire, chieftain of the ancient sept of Ui Mocaille, from which the barony of Imokilly gets its name. This was the Mac Tirid ^ho, "stealing

    * Brodrick. — Sir Alan Brodrick, knt., came to Ireland, and succeeded Sir Adam Loftus, in 1660, as surveyor and estimator of Irish forfeited estates. He obtained considerable grants of land in Ireland. Alan Brodrick, an eminent lawyer, chairman of the Irish House of Commons, Solicitor and Attorney-General, and Lord High Chancellor, was advanced to the peerage of Ireland, in 1715, as Baron Brodnck, of Midleton, and was created Viscount Midleton in 1717. The present and sixth viscount succeeded to the title on the death of his cousin, in 1848.

    Internet Archive historyofcountyc02gibsiala, Chapter 233

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere close to Castlemartyr, this place was once called Ballymartyr. Before the English conquest, it was the dwelling place of Mac Tire, chieftain of the ancient sept of Uí Mocaille. The barony of Imokilly takes its name from that sept. Today it is the residence of the Earl of Shannon. The Brodrick family came into this land through Sir Alan Brodrick, who arrived in Ireland and succeeded Sir Adam Loftus in 1660 as surveyor and estimator of Irish forfeited estates. He obtained considerable grants of land. Another Alan Brodrick, an eminent lawyer, served as chairman of the Irish House of Commons, as Solicitor and Attorney-General, and as Lord High Chancellor. He was advanced to the peerage of Ireland in 1715 as Baron Brodrick of Midleton, and created Viscount Midleton in 1717. The sixth viscount succeeded to the title on the death of his cousin in 1848.

54. Castlemore retained by Broghill after Restoration

    Castlemore · townland · Cork · 1661

    Though Lord Muskerry was restored to most of his honors and estates in May 1661, Castlemore and some other places remained in the possession of Lord Broghill and other English adventurers.

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    There were some concessions made to Catholics this year. Many of the inhabitants of Youghal were allowed, by letters patent, bearing date the 14th of February, 1660, to take possession of the property of which they had been deprived during the commonwealth, they being certified "Innocent Papists." The Duke of Ormond succeeded, in the May of 1661, in getting Lord Muskerry restored to his honors, and most of his estates; but Castlemore and some other places remained in the possession of Broghill and other English adventurers.

    Lord Broghill displayed great zeal in the discovery of Popish plots, and in the hunting up and driving out all sorts of fanatics. He was the Irish Titus Gates of his day. Maurice says, " The Lord Orrery, in order effectually to keep all things quiet in the province, had several spies placed up and down, to whom he allowed annual pensions, who gave him constant intelligence of all things that stirred, and by this means he discovered the above mentioned plot " — to seize the castle of Dublin. It appears from the following letter of Charles I. to Orrery that there was something in this plot to seize Dublin castle : —

    Internet Archive historyofcountyc02gibsiala, Chapter 68

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere around here is Castlemore. In May 1661, the Duke of Ormond succeeded in getting Lord Muskerry restored to his honors and most of his estates. But Castlemore and some other places did not go back to him. They remained in the possession of Lord Broghill and other English adventurers. Lord Broghill, also known as Lord Orrery, displayed great zeal in the discovery of Popish plots, and in hunting up and driving out all sorts of fanatics. He was called the Irish Titus Gates of his day. Maurice writes that the Lord Orrery, in order effectually to keep all things quiet in the province, had several spies placed up and down, to whom he allowed annual pensions, who gave him constant intelligence of all things that stirred, and by this means he discovered the above mentioned plot, to seize the castle of Dublin. A letter from Charles I to Orrery suggests there was something to this plot. So Muskerry got back most of what was his, but not this. Broghill held on.

55. Castlereagh expects Cork support for the Union

    Cork · city · Cork · 1798

    Writing from Phoenix Park on 23 November 1798, Lord Castlereagh told Wickham that he had every reason to hope a different, pro-union sentiment prevailed at Cork, noting that both Protestants and Catholics of that city were alive to the commercial benefits of union. Lord Cornwallis separately reported to the Duke of Portland that the citizens of Cork were partial to the measure.

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    Lord Castlereagh, writing to Wickam, and speaking of the opposition in Dublin, says, " there is every reason to hope that a different sentiment prevails at Cork. The Protestants and Catholics of that city, who seldom agree on any point, are both alive to the great commercial benefits they would derive from it." The letter is dated Phoenix Park, Nov. 23, 1798.

    260 HISTORY OF CORK.

    Internet Archive historyofcountyc02gibsiala, Chapter 137

    As the companion tells it

    In November 1798, Lord Castlereagh wrote from Phoenix Park to Wickham about the union. Dublin opposed it, but he had, in his words, every reason to hope that a different sentiment prevails at Cork. The Protestants and Catholics of this city, who seldom agreed on anything, were both alive to the commercial benefits they would derive from it.

56. Cork City Gaol on the Sunday's Well side of the river

    near Sunday's Well · population centre · Cork · 1851–1860

    The City Gaol, described as a fine building on the Sunday's Well side of the river, saw committals fall from 3,434 in 1851 to 960 in 1860. The daily average of prisoners dropped correspondingly over the decade.

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    The City Gaol is on the Sundays-well side of the river. It is also a fine building. The following is the number of committals for the last ten years, and the daily average :

    Y No. Com- Daily — No. Com- Daily

    Internet Archive historyofcountyc02gibsiala, Chapter 186

    As the companion tells it

    As you pass through Sunday's Well, the City Gaol stands on this side of the river, a fine building. In 1851 there were 3,434 committals. By 1860 that had fallen to 960. The daily average of prisoners dropped correspondingly over the decade.

57. Court of D'Oyer Hundred enacts anti-corruption bye-laws in Cork

    Cork · city · Cork · 1721

    On 29 January 1721, a Court of D'Oyer Hundred was convened in Cork, at which a number of bye-laws were enacted to check jobbery and corruption in the city corporation. One bye-law abolished petty duties collected by mayors from freemen and fixed the mayor's salary at £365 per year.

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    A court of D'Oyer Hundred was convened on the 29th of January, 1721, where a number of bye-laws were enacted, to check jobbery and corruption. Here is one of them : —

    " And whereas, the mayors for the city, for some time heretofore, have collected several petty duties from the freemen at large, contrary to their rights and franchises ; which duties, and all pretence of right to the levying or taking the same from the freemen from henceforth, to be abolished ; by which means the maintenance usually allowed the mayor will be very much lessened. It is enacted, ordained, and agreed, that the present mayor, William Hawkins, Esq., shall have a salary of three hundred and sixty-five pounds sterl. allowed him, for the support and honour of the magistracy for this present year, to be paid quarterly by the

    Internet Archive historyofcountyc02gibsiala, Chapter 94

    As the companion tells it

    As the road takes you through Cork, there is a story from January 1721. On the 29th of that month a court of D'Oyer Hundred was convened in the city, and a number of bye-laws were enacted to check jobbery and corruption in the corporation. One of them dealt with a practice that had gone on for some time. The mayors of Cork had been collecting several petty duties from the freemen, contrary to their rights and franchises. The bye-law abolished those duties, and all pretence of right to levy them from the freemen. Because that would lessen the mayor's maintenance, the court enacted that the present mayor, William Hawkins, should have a salary of 365 pounds for the support and honour of the magistracy for that year, to be paid quarterly.

58. Droope's mill-stream diverted to deny water to Cork city

    Cork · city · Cork

    During the siege of Cork, the course of Droope's mill-stream, which ran through the north of the city and drove a grist mill, was turned to deprive the defenders of its use.

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    The Dean continues his journal : " I also took care to have the course of Droope's mill-stream turned, which ran through the north of the city, and drove a grist mill there. In the morning our heavy cannon were landed near the Eed Cow, by Eed Abbey, and there a battery was raised of thirty-six pounders, which playing against the city wall, soon made it tumble ; whereon the enemy let the bishop | come out to us, whom they made prisoner in the city, with all the clergy, and about one thousand three hundred of the Protestants; and towards evening they beat a parley, and came to a treaty, whereon a truce was granted until the next morning.

    " 28th. — The enemy not accepting of the conditions offered, our cannon and bombs began to play most

    Internet Archive historyofcountyc02gibsiala, Chapter 82

    As the companion tells it

    During the siege of Cork, the course of Droope's mill-stream was turned. It ran through the north of the city and drove a grist mill there, and the Dean saw to cutting it off, to deny the defenders its use. Heavy cannon were landed near the Red Cow, by Red Abbey, and a battery of thirty-six pounders was raised there. Playing against the city wall, it soon made the wall tumble. The enemy then let the bishop come out, whom they had made prisoner in the city, with all the clergy and about 1,300 Protestants. Towards evening they beat a parley and came to a treaty, and a truce was granted until the next morning. On the 28th the enemy not accepting the conditions offered, the cannon and bombs began to play.

59. Earl of Clarendon receives freedom of Cork in gold box

    Cork · city · Cork · 1685–1686

    Henry, second Earl of Clarendon and brother-in-law of James II, received the freedom of the city of Cork in a gold box in 1685. He was removed from the Lord Lieutenancy of Ireland the following year for refusing to change his religion, replaced by Richard, Duke of Tyrconnell.

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    But James did not allow to others the same liberty of conscience which he sought for himself and his fellow-religionists. We find him superseding his own brother-in-law — Henry, second Earl of Clarendon — in the government of Ireland, as he would not change his religion. Friendship, gratitude, and even the ties of kindred were sacrificed on the altar of his faith. This nobleman, who received the freedom of the city of Cork in a gold box in 1685, was removed from the

    140 HISTORY OF CORK.

    Internet Archive historyofcountyc02gibsiala, Chapter 73

    As the companion tells it

    In Cork, in 1685, Henry, second Earl of Clarendon, received the freedom of the city in a gold box. He was James's brother-in-law, but James did not allow others the same liberty of conscience he sought for himself. Clarendon would not change his religion, and so James superseded him in the government of Ireland. "Friendship, gratitude, and even the ties of kindred were sacrificed on the altar of his faith." He was replaced by Richard, Duke of Tyrconnell.

60. Elizabeth Coppinger tombstone at St. Anne's Shandon

    near Shandon · locality · Cork · 1681

    A tombstone in the churchyard of St. Anne's Shandon bears an inscription recording that Elizabeth Coppinger, 'chief of the name', died on 28 July 1681 aged 71 years and erected the monument at her own charges.

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    One of the tombstones in the churchyard bears this inscription: "This monument is erected at the charges of Elizabeth Coppinger, chief of the name, who deceased the 28th of July, 1681, aged 71 years."

    The Green -Coat School, in connexion with this church, was established in 1720. There is still a school on the premises, where twenty-two boys get a plain English education, and a blue jacket once a year. Onthesame groundare asylumsfor poormen and women, but they appear in a very decayed state. These institutions are thus described by Mr. Windele, in 1844 : —

    Internet Archive historyofcountyc02gibsiala, Chapter 190

    As the companion tells it

    As you pass through Shandon in Cork, there is a churchyard at St. Anne's where one tombstone carries an inscription. It records that Elizabeth Coppinger, chief of the name, died on the 28th of July 1681, aged 71 years. The monument was erected, the stone says, at her own charges. Chief of the name meant she held the leading place among the Coppingers. She lived to 71 in a century when many did not, and she paid to have that fact set down.