The Parliamentary gazetteer of Ireland

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1. Crookhaven praised as an admirable port by Dr. Campbell

   Crookhaven · townland · Cork

   Dr. Campbell highlights Crookhaven as a particularly excellent harbour. The author notes that anywhere other than Ireland, or even anywhere else on the Cork coast, it would be highly esteemed as an admirable port.

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   Cork Harbour— ezdosive of an outer and open seaward sweep, which may be regarded as a sort of outer harbour— enters by a narrow channel of 2 miles in length, and suddenly expands into one of the finest landlocked basins in the world, — a basin capacious enough to accommodate the entire navy of England, and zoned all round with a singularly picturesque though close panorama. Ringabella creek opens on the west side of the outer harbour of Cork, a little north of Cork Head, and possesses a small estuarial character. Robert's Cove, Rocky bay. Oyster haven, and the other indentations between Cork Head and Kinsale Harbour, are generally unsheltered, or afford but slight accommodation. Kinsale Harbour, consisting of the estuary of tibe Bandon river, is not capacious, and has a bar across its entrance with 12 feet of water at ebb tide ; yet it is a safe and excellent port, and, but for the nearness to it of the superb harbour of Cork, could hardly fail to be extensively known to fEune. Courtmacsherry bay, Clonakilty bay, Ross Harbour, Glendore Harbour, Toe bay, and Barlog bay, betweeh the Old Hea^ of Kinsale and the peninsula at the east side of Baltimore Harbour, have aggregately great expanse, and contain some good coves and tolerable anchoring grounds, and possess great scope and value for the fisheries, yet are of only second and third rate importance for the purposes of general navigation and trafiic. Baltimore Harbour, and the large and intricate series of straits, sounds, and coves, which alternate with islands and peninsulas in the archipelago to the west of it, afford complete shelter and comparatively excellent accommodation. Skull Harbour, Ballydelvin bay, Crookhaven, and Barley cove, on the east side of the large peninsula which terminates in Mizen Head, have all considerable claims upon notice ; and Dr. Campbell has remarked upon Crookhaven in particular, that, in any other country than Ireland, or even on any coast except that of the county of Cork, it would be esteemed an admirable port. Dunmanus bay penetrates the land 16 miles north-eastward, is easily entered, and has almost everywhere deep water and good anchorage ; and though exposed across its mouth to the westerly gales, it contains some shelter from them behind some tiny headlands in its interior ; yet, in consequence of the immediate vicinity of Bantry bay, it is practically treated as of no value except for the uses of fishermen. Bantry bay penetrates the land 24 miles north-eastward, is one of the finest and most capacious harbours in Europe, contains the singularly excellent asylum of Berehaven, besides an absolute profusion of good anchoring ground, and boasts a seaboard of exquisite beauty, opulent grandeur, and most imposing power. The small bays in the near vicinity of Crow Head afford little or no shelter ; yet, the narrow sound between the peninsula which it terminates and Dursey Island, contains tolerably good anchoring ground. The Kenmare estuary penetrates the land 29 miles north-eastward to the mouth of the Ruaghty rivulet ; it has almost everywhere clean ground and deep water ; and it contains at least four good coves or harbours, — one about the middle of its north-west side, one near its head, and two near respectively the middle and the seaward end of its south-east side. The tidal current into the mouth of the Kenmare estuary has a rate of only about a mile in the hour ; but at 10 or 12 miles off the mouth, or about 4 miles west of Dursey Island, it runs southward, and has a rate in springs of 3 miles in the hour. Ballinaskelligs bay measures 4^ miles across the entrance, and has nearly a circular outline of about 4^ or 4} miles in diameter ; but it lies open to the south-west ; and, in spite of partial shelter off the mouth, affords little refuge or protection, and is remarkable chiefiy for the wild grandeur of its scenery. St. Finnan's bay, immediately north-north-west of Bolus Head, is an altogether open and iron-bound sweep of thp sea. Valentia Harbour consists in a larger sense of the whole semicircular and comparatively narrow sound between Valentia Island and the mainland, and in a smaller sense of a branch of that sound extending between the islands of Valentia and Inchbeg ; and while, in either sense, it is justly celebrated for its landlocked anchorage, the best in Kerry, it has of kite years become very favourably known in its smaller sense as a proposed terminus of railway from Dublin, and mail-packet station for communicating with New Brunswick. Dingle bay penetrates the land 22 miles east-north-eastward, and is, in a general view, open and dangerous ; yet Ventry Harbour, 5 miles from the seaward end of its ncrth side, is of easy access, and can accommodate the largest ships, but is swept by heavy squalls from the west, — ^Dingle Harbour, 8^ miles from the entrance, and on the same side of the lay, accommodates small coasting-vessels, but places them aground on soft mud at low ^'ater, — and Castkmaine Harbour, at the head of the Lay, extends 8 miles eastward, has a bar with only 9 feet of water across its mouth, is entered by a circuitous, narrow, and intricate channel, and contains well-sheltered interior anchoring ground. The sound between Dunmore Head and the Blasquet Islands is from

   Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 7

2. Crosbie family seats at Ardfert

   Ardfert · town · Kerry

   The mansion of Ardfert-Abbey is the ancient seat of the Crosbie family, formerly Earls of Glandore. Another old seat of the Crosbie family, known as Tobritt, is also located in the vicinity of the village.

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   ARDFERT, a parish, partly in the barony of Trughenackmy, but chiefly in that of Clanmaurice. CO. Kerry, Leinster. The Clanmaurice section contains the village of Ardfert: see next article. Area of the Clanmaurice section, 6,797 acres ; of the Trughenackmy section, 3,337 acres. Pop. of the Clanmaurice section, in 1831, 3,585; in 1841, 4,074. Houses 602. Pop. of the rural districts of the Clanmaurice section, in 1831, 2.868; in 1841, 3,419. Houses 492. Pop. of the Trujrhenackmy section, in 1841, 1,260. Houses 174. The census of 1831 does not notice the Trughenackmy section. The shore of the parish is part of the bleak and bold coast which extends between Tralee and Ballyheigue bays, is everywhere exposed to the full swell of the Atlantic, and, except in a small inlet near the village of Ardfert. nowhere affords anchorage or shelter. The country along the coast, though bare and much swept by sea-storms, is somewhat thickly inhabited. The aggregate quality of the land in the parish is moorish or otherwise inferior, yet the plain of Ardfert, extending north-northwestward from the village, and declining to the sea, lies on thick strata of argillaceous sandstone, and is rich and well-cultivated. Copper ore has been found in the parish. Adjacent to the village stands the mansion of Ardfert-Abbev, the ancient seat of the family of Crosbie, fonnerly Earls of Glandore, but now untitled; and in the vicinity is Tobritt, another old seat of the Crosbie family. Within Ardfert- Abbey demesne, and very near the mansion, stands a picturesque monastic ruin, — that from which the place has its name. The tower, the nave, and a great part of the cloisters, are in tolerable preservation ; but the form and tracery of the eastern window are completely hid by a mantle of

   Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 121

3. Deel Castle and Lough Conn views at Ardagh, Mayo

   Ardagh · townland · Mayo

   Ardagh parish in Co. Mayo lies round the head of Lough Conn and is drained by the river Deel. Deel Castle stands within the parish, and vantage-grounds command magnificent views of the lake and the Nephin mountains.

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   ARDAGH, a parish in the barony of Tyrawley, 2^ miles west-south-west of Ballina, co. Mayo, Connaught. It lies round the head of I^ough Conn, and is drained into that lake by the river Deel. Many vantage-grounds within its limits command magnificent views of the expansive isleted sheet of water, and its noble further-screen of the Nephin mountainsw Deel-Castle [which see] is in the parish. A portion of the land is waste. Length, 2 miles ;, breadth, 1|; area, 5,494 acres. Pop., in 1831, 1,813; in 1841, 2,621. Houses 450 — This parish is a vicarage in the dio. of Killalla, and forms part of the benefice of Ardagh or Kilmoremoy. The vicarial and the rectorial tithes are each compounded for £55 7s. 8d. ; and the latter are appro{>riated to the prebendary of Ardagh and vicars choral of Christ'schurch and Si. Patrick's cathedral, Dublin. The parishes which, jointly with Ardagh, constitute the benefice, are Ballinahaglish, Kilbelfad, Kilmoremoy, Attymass, and Kiloarvey : see these articles. Length of the union, 9 miles ; breadth, 8. Gross income, £1^)15 98.; nett, £919 10s. Id. Patron, the diocesan. A curate has a stipend of £75. The church, situated in Ardagh, was built in 1763, at an unknown cost, and enlarged, in 1815, by means of a loan of £1,292 6s. l|d. from the late Board of First Fruits. Sittings 800 ; average attendance 350. The Roman Catholic and dissenting chapels are in Kilmoremoy, Ballinahaglish, Kilbelfad^ Attymass, and Kilgarvey parishes. In 1834, there were in the parish of Ardagh 99 Churchmen, 4 Protestant dissenters, and 1,844 Roman Catholics; and in the united parishes 1,260 Churchmen, 5 Presbyterians, 46 other Protestant dissenters, and 33,811 Ronoan Catholics. In the same year a daily school in Ardagh, salaried with £12 from the Baptist Society, had on its books 60 boys and 30 girls ; and 32 daily schools in the union had 628 boys and 492 girls. The town of Ballina [which see] contributes largely to the union statistics.

   Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 121

4. District lunatic asylum in Armagh

   near Armagh · town · Armagh · 1842

   In 1842, a district lunatic asylum was situated in the city of Armagh, serving the counties of Armagh, Cavan, Monaghan, and Fermanagh.

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   In 1842, the number of district lunatic asylums was 10, of bridewells 105, of city or town prisons 14, and of county gaols 34. One of the lunatic a^lums, situated at the city of Armagh, served for the counties of Armagh, Cavan, Monaghan, and Fermanagh; one at Limerick, for Limerick, Clare, and Kerry ; one at Belfast, for Antrim and Down ; one at Londonderry, for Londonderry, Donegal, and T^ne ; one at Dublin, for Dublin, Meath, Louth, and Wicklow ; one at Maryborough, for Queen*8 county, King's county, Westmeath, and Longford ; one at Carlow, for Carlow, Kilkenny, Kildare, and Wexford ; one at Ballinasloe, for Qalway, Mayo, Sligo, Roscommon, and Leitrim ; one at Waterford, for Waterford ; and one at Olonmel, for Tipperary. Three of the bridewells were in the county of Antrim, 4 in Armagh, 3 in Cavan, 3 in Donegal, 1 in Down, 1 in Fermanagh, 2 in Leitrim, 3 in Londonderry, 1 in Louth, 2 in Mayo, 2 in Meath, 2 in Monaghan, 4 in Roscommon, 1 in ^go, 3 in Tyrone, 1 in Westmeath, 5 in Clare, 17 in Cork, 7 in Gal way, 8 in Kerry, 3 in Kilkenny, 1 in King*s county, 6 in Limerick, 3 in Queen*s county, 11 in Tipperary, 2 in Waterford, 3 in Wexford, and 1 in Wicklow. Two of the county gaols are at respectively Athy and Naas in the county of Kildare ; two are at respectively Gonmel and Nenagh in the county of Tipperary ; and one is at the assize-town of each of the other counties. Tread-mills exist in 29 of the county gaols ; and those of Cava^i and Cork are the minimum and the maximum of the 29 mills, and have an isoent per day of respectively 240 and 14,400 feet. The cost of the diet of the prisoners ranges from 2|d. per day in the county gaol of Carlow, to 5}d. per day in the city gaol of Kilkenny. The total expenditure of the county, city, and town gaols was £85,424 Os. Id. in 1841, and £82,664 bs. ^d. in 1842.

   Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 80

5. District lunatic asylum in Belfast

   near Belfast · city · Antrim · 1842

   In 1842, a district lunatic asylum was situated at Belfast, providing service for the counties of Antrim and Down.

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   In 1842, the number of district lunatic asylums was 10, of bridewells 105, of city or town prisons 14, and of county gaols 34. One of the lunatic a^lums, situated at the city of Armagh, served for the counties of Armagh, Cavan, Monaghan, and Fermanagh; one at Limerick, for Limerick, Clare, and Kerry ; one at Belfast, for Antrim and Down ; one at Londonderry, for Londonderry, Donegal, and T^ne ; one at Dublin, for Dublin, Meath, Louth, and Wicklow ; one at Maryborough, for Queen*8 county, King's county, Westmeath, and Longford ; one at Carlow, for Carlow, Kilkenny, Kildare, and Wexford ; one at Ballinasloe, for Qalway, Mayo, Sligo, Roscommon, and Leitrim ; one at Waterford, for Waterford ; and one at Olonmel, for Tipperary. Three of the bridewells were in the county of Antrim, 4 in Armagh, 3 in Cavan, 3 in Donegal, 1 in Down, 1 in Fermanagh, 2 in Leitrim, 3 in Londonderry, 1 in Louth, 2 in Mayo, 2 in Meath, 2 in Monaghan, 4 in Roscommon, 1 in ^go, 3 in Tyrone, 1 in Westmeath, 5 in Clare, 17 in Cork, 7 in Gal way, 8 in Kerry, 3 in Kilkenny, 1 in King*s county, 6 in Limerick, 3 in Queen*s county, 11 in Tipperary, 2 in Waterford, 3 in Wexford, and 1 in Wicklow. Two of the county gaols are at respectively Athy and Naas in the county of Kildare ; two are at respectively Gonmel and Nenagh in the county of Tipperary ; and one is at the assize-town of each of the other counties. Tread-mills exist in 29 of the county gaols ; and those of Cava^i and Cork are the minimum and the maximum of the 29 mills, and have an isoent per day of respectively 240 and 14,400 feet. The cost of the diet of the prisoners ranges from 2|d. per day in the county gaol of Carlow, to 5}d. per day in the city gaol of Kilkenny. The total expenditure of the county, city, and town gaols was £85,424 Os. Id. in 1841, and £82,664 bs. ^d. in 1842.

   Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 80

6. District lunatic asylum in Limerick

   Limerick · city · Limerick · 1842

   In 1842, a district lunatic asylum was located at Limerick, serving the counties of Limerick, Clare, and Kerry.

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   In 1842, the number of district lunatic asylums was 10, of bridewells 105, of city or town prisons 14, and of county gaols 34. One of the lunatic a^lums, situated at the city of Armagh, served for the counties of Armagh, Cavan, Monaghan, and Fermanagh; one at Limerick, for Limerick, Clare, and Kerry ; one at Belfast, for Antrim and Down ; one at Londonderry, for Londonderry, Donegal, and T^ne ; one at Dublin, for Dublin, Meath, Louth, and Wicklow ; one at Maryborough, for Queen*8 county, King's county, Westmeath, and Longford ; one at Carlow, for Carlow, Kilkenny, Kildare, and Wexford ; one at Ballinasloe, for Qalway, Mayo, Sligo, Roscommon, and Leitrim ; one at Waterford, for Waterford ; and one at Olonmel, for Tipperary. Three of the bridewells were in the county of Antrim, 4 in Armagh, 3 in Cavan, 3 in Donegal, 1 in Down, 1 in Fermanagh, 2 in Leitrim, 3 in Londonderry, 1 in Louth, 2 in Mayo, 2 in Meath, 2 in Monaghan, 4 in Roscommon, 1 in ^go, 3 in Tyrone, 1 in Westmeath, 5 in Clare, 17 in Cork, 7 in Gal way, 8 in Kerry, 3 in Kilkenny, 1 in King*s county, 6 in Limerick, 3 in Queen*s county, 11 in Tipperary, 2 in Waterford, 3 in Wexford, and 1 in Wicklow. Two of the county gaols are at respectively Athy and Naas in the county of Kildare ; two are at respectively Gonmel and Nenagh in the county of Tipperary ; and one is at the assize-town of each of the other counties. Tread-mills exist in 29 of the county gaols ; and those of Cava^i and Cork are the minimum and the maximum of the 29 mills, and have an isoent per day of respectively 240 and 14,400 feet. The cost of the diet of the prisoners ranges from 2|d. per day in the county gaol of Carlow, to 5}d. per day in the city gaol of Kilkenny. The total expenditure of the county, city, and town gaols was £85,424 Os. Id. in 1841, and £82,664 bs. ^d. in 1842.

   Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 80

7. Dursey Island and its narrow sound

   near Dursey Island · townland · Cork

   Dursey Island measures four miles south-westward and is separated by a narrow sound from Crow Head and the adjacent peninsula. Nearby lie the islets called the Calf, the Cow, and the Bull.

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   Great Island, 4^ miles in length ; Little Island, 2^ miles in length ; Foaty Island, 1^ mile in length ; Hawlboline Island, and Spike Island, lie within Cork Harbour. The Sovereign Islands are a mimic group across the mouth of Oyster haven. The Barrels are a little cluster of rocks in Courtmacsherry bay. A series of islets, the chief of which are Adam*8 Island, Squince Island, Low Island, High Island, Ragged Island, Skiddy Island, and Horse Island, closely flank the coast between Ross Harbour and Toe Head. The Stags of Castlehaven are a cluster of bold, beetling rocks, one mile south oif Toe Head. Kedge Island is a pendicle of insulated ground, 2 miles eastsouth-east of the entrance of Baltimore Harbour. Cape Clear Island, terminating 7 miles southwest of the entrance of Baltimore Harbour, measuring 3| miles south-westward, and possessing an extreme altitude of 436 feet above sea-level, forms — ^with the exception of the Fastnet Rock, 3^ miles south-west of it — ^the most southerly ground in Ireland, and is the point whence most vessels sailing out to the Atlantic take their leave of British soil. Sherkin Island is separated from the north-east end of Cape Clear Island by an islet-sprinkled sound of a mile in breadth, and extends 3^ miles in length north-north-eastward, so as to screen the west side of both the entrance and the interior of Baltimore Harbour. Within a straight line drawn due west from the middle of Sherkin Island to Mizen Head, lies a crowded archipelago, whose chief islands are Innismore 2^ miles in length, Innisbcg 1^ mile, Innisdriscol 1^ mile. Castle Island 1^ mile, Horse Island 1^ mile. Long Island 2| miles. East Calf, Mid Calf, West Calf, Mutton Island, Scheme Island, Carty's Island, Moan Island, Coney Island, and Goat Island. The chief of a number of islets sprinkled athwart Dunmanus bay, are Mannin, Owen, Bulge, Cold, Carbery, Furze, Horse, Leek, and Bird Islands. Bere Island, 6 miles in length in the direction of east by north, and possessing an extreme altitude of 6d4 feet above sea-level, lies within Bantry bay 5 miles north of Sheep*s Head, and screens the whole of the curved sound of from half-a-mile to a mile in breadth, which constitutes the noble harbour of Berehaven. Whiddy Island, extending 3^ miles in length northeastward, lies 1^ mile west of the town of Bantry, and screens the whole of the west side of Bantry Harbour or anchoring ground. The islands in Bantry bay, additional to Berc and Whiddy, arc all small ; and the chief of them bear the names of Garrinish, Stuke, Horse, and Sheelhane Islands. The Grelogh Rocks and the Leek Rock lie respectively 4^ miles south and 9^ south-west of Crow Head. Dursey Island measures 4 miles in leo^h south-westward, and is separated by a narrow sound from Crow Head and the adjacent parts of the peninsula which that promontory terminates; The three islets called the Calf, the Cow, and the Bull, lie respectively IJ mile south by west, Ij mile west, and 2^ miles west of Dursey Island ; and the Cow is 1^ mile distant from the Calf, and the Bull 1 mile from the Cow. The principal islands in the Kenmare estuary, within a line drawn from the north end of Dursey Island to Lamb Head, are Rossmore, Dunkerrin, Cappancush, Sheep, Pigeon, and Green Island, and Illansloe, lUansharkey, Inniskellig, Illanleagh, Illanrane, Illanslane, and Inishfinard ; and the first and second of these — Rossmore and Dunkerrin — measure respectively 1^ mile and 1 mile in length. Two Head Island, 1 mile in length, lies half-a-mile south-west of Lamb Head. Hog and Scara Islands lie respectively 2| miles south and 3^ south by west of Hog Head. Horse Island, a mere dot of land, yet of some local note, lies close to the west side of Ballinaskelligs bay. The Great Skellig and the Little SkelHg Rocks — the former soaring to an altitude of 707 feet above sea-level, and both possessing a character of singular power and wildness — ^lie respectively 8} miles west by south and 7^ due west of Bolus Head. The Lemon Rock lies 2{ miles north-east of Little Skellig, and 4} miles west-north-west half-west of Bolus Head. Puffin Island, Ij mile in length south-westward, screens the west side of St. Finnan*s bay, and approaches within about ^ of a mile of the mainland. Valentia Island measures 6h miles south-westward, and 2^ miles north-westward, screens the whole of the curved sound of Valentia Harbour, and is diversified in its surface by the hills of Carramore, Carrabeg, and Fohilly, the last of which has an altitude of 686 feet above sea-level. The islets called Long Island and Church Island lie at the south entrance to Valentia Harbour ; and Innisbeg and Lamb Island — the former upwards of a mile in length — ^lie within the north entrance. The Blasquet Islands — consisting of Inishtuiskero, Inishbeg, the Great Blasquet, Tiraght, Inishnubro, Inishmakillaan, the Foze Rock, and a number of skerries — ^lie from 1 mile to 10 miles seaward of Dunmore Head, chiefly in the direction of south-west ; and the Great Blasquet, by much the largest island of the group, measures 3^ miles in length. A sprinkling of islets and rocks, the principal of which are Illanemeil, Illanamoyne, and Garrah Island, lie nearly under a straight line between Brandon Head and Kerry Head ; and the Mucklagh Rock and Samphire Island lie respectively in Ballyheigue bay and Tralee bay. The principal islands within the estuary of the Shannon arc Innispike,

   Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 8

8. Eamhain or Eamania, the ancient noble city

   near Armagh · town · Armagh

   A city called Eamhain or Eamania — a name corrupted from Aem-huim-ue, meaning 'the noble city' — is affirmed to have been built on or near the site of Armagh. Its early history is shrouded in fable, making its true lineaments difficult to discern.

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   A citv called Eamhain or Eamania — a name corrupted from Aem-huim-ue^ * the noble city,* — is affirmed to have been built on or near the site of

   Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 137

9. Fish-curing trade at Killybegs

   Killybegs · town · Donegal

   Fish-curers maintained a considerable trade at Killybegs. Elsewhere along the western seaboard, fishermen depended largely on the herring fishery and disposed of their produce to itinerant traders.

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   occasional, and inefficient means of prosecuting fishing. Fish-curers drive a considerable trade at Galway and Killybegs ; but at most other places between the Shannon and Malin Head, the fishermen rely principally or wholly on the herring fishery, and dispose of most of their produce to travelling traders who visit the several fishing harbours. From Malin Head to Bel&st Lough, the fishermen are much more regularly employed, and find a ready sale for their produce either at home or in the markets of Glasgow and Liverpool. From Belfast Lough to Carlingford Lough, the trade of fishing, except for herrings, is regularly followed at only two or three places, and, in consequence of the superior remuneration of agricultural labour, is generally regarded with indifference. From Carlingford to Wexford, fish are alleged by fishermen to be scarce ; and from Dublin to Wexford, little fishing is carried on for the supply of the Dublin market. It is confidently asserted that a diminution of the fisheries in this great district '^ amounts to three-fourths of the quantity taken at a period not many years distant. This failure in productiveness is attributed to an over fishing, and to a destruction of spawn, — ^both imputed to the troUers." At Waterford, the fishing resource has long been believed to be abundant ; and the famous nymph bank is asserted to yield white fish in inexhaustible quantity. From Waterford, round the entire south coast, and northward to the Shannon, a recent decline in the productiveness of the fisheries, amounting now to an absolute scarcity of fish, is matter of constant local complaint ; but this scarcity seems to exist only in the bay and in-shore fisheries, to which the operations of the fishermen, owing to their poverty and insufficient gear, are chiefly confined.

   Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 60

10. Fitzgerald castle at Aghern modernized

    Aghern · parish · Cork

    A castle of the Fitzgeralds stands in a pleasant situation on the river Bride in Aghern parish. It was modernized into a good mansion and surrounded with orchards, gardens, and plantations.

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    AGHERN, or Ahern, a pansh on the west side of the barony of Kinnataloon, 5^ miles east of Rathcormack, co. Cork, Munster. Length, 3 miles ; breadth, 1 ; area, 3,489 acres. Pop., in 1831, 1,367; in 1841, 1,196. Houses 181. About 300 acres are irreclaimable mountain ; about 600 acres are waste but improveable land ; and all the remainder is arable ground or pasture. The river Bride traverses the parish eastward ; and is s()anned bv a bridge of 3 •irches. A castle of the Fitzgeralds, in a pleasant situation on the river, was modernized into a good mansion, and environed with orchards, gardens, and

    plantations This parish is a vicarage in tbe dio. of

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 112

11. Grand Canal reaches Shannon Harbour

    Shannon Harbour · electoral division · Offaly

    The Grand Canal passed through Philipstown and Tullamore to reach the river Shannon at Shannon Harbour, 7 1/2 miles from Dublin. At this point, it communicated with the extensive navigation of the Shannon from Lough Allen to the ocean.

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    The Grand Canal, which forms the largest and most remarkable of the lines exhibited on the map, sends off a main branch to communicate with the navigation of the Barrow at Athy ; sendi off six other branches which, together with this main one, have an aggregate extent of 65} miles ; passes through Philipstown and Tullamore to the river Shannon, at Shannon Harbour, 7^ miles from Dublin ; communicates there with all the extensive and ramified navigation of the Shannon from Lough Allen to the ocean ; and finally proceeds 9^ miles to Ballinasloe, there probably to communicate at some future period with a long projected system of inland navigations through the lakes of Oonnaught to the sea at Westport and Killalla. The total tonnage in the trafiic on this canal in 1822 was 134,939, and in 1837 was 215,910 ; and the amount of tolls in these years was respectively £24,866 and £40,859. In 1830, the effect of the introduction of steam-power on the Shannon, and the communication which this established between Limerick and Liverpool, began to be felt on the Grand Canal, and mainly contributed to the increase of its traffic ; and the numerous improvements on the Shannon navigation, projected by the public commissioners, will greatly facilitate the means of communication at many points on both banks, and bring a much greater range of country within reach of the advantages of the navigation, and in consequence materially augment the trafiSc on both the .Grand and the Royal Canal. From Carrick-on-Shannon past Athlone, Portumna, Killaloe, Limerick, and other places, to the sea, the river Shannon, or rather its chain of lakes, has for years past been partiaUy navigated over a distance of about 150 miles by steam-vessels either carrying goods and passengers or acting as steam-tugs. The total tonnage carried by the boats of the Inland Navigation Company on the Shannon in 1826, was 2,004 tons, and in 1836 was 47,289 tons ; and the quantity of agricultural produce carried from Limerick and shipped at Dublin for Liverpool in 1833, was 187 tons of wheat, 520 tons of flour, 543 tons of oatmeal, and 4,998 firkins of butter, — and in 1836, was 289 tons of wheat, 7,158 tons of flour, 1,156 tons of oatmeal, and 12,795 firkins of butter. The Royal Canal, begim in 1789, runs very near the Grand' Canal for 52 miles, or to Mullingar, proceeds thence north-westward by Ballymahon and Killashee, sends off a branch of 5 miles from the latter place to Longford, and joins the Shannon at Richmond Harbour, 92 miles from Dublin. In 1834, the total receipts and expenditure connected with this canal were respectively £24,000 and £11,376 ; and, in 1836, they were respectively £25,148 and £11,912. The navigation of the Barrow from the south end of the main branch of the Grand Canal at Athy has been effected by the construction of 17 locks, and the formation of a horse trackway ; and it forms a line of communication along the rich though narrow limestone valley of Carlow, with Bagnalstown, St. MuUins, New Ross, the Suir navigation, and the ocean. In 1800, the tonnage on the Barrow navigation was 19,828 tons, and the amount of tolls was £1,405 ; and, in 1835, the tonnage was 66,084 tons, and the amount of tolls was £4,966. The navigation of the Suir takes very large sea-borne vessels up to the city of Waterford ; but forms a very imperfect navigation for barges thence to Clonmel, the boatmen having great difficulty in forcing the barges through its numerous shallows and rapids. The Boyne navigation carries large sea-borne vessels up to Drogheda, and is thence aided artificially 19 miles to Navan; and, in 1837, the amount of tolls was £775 178. Id. The Newry navigation is 21 miles in length,

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 63

12. High relief rates at Portadown and Forkhill

    near Portadown · town · Armagh · 1839

    In County Armagh, the dispensaries at Portadown and Forkhill exhibited exceptionally high relief rates, affording assistance to 44 and 50 percent of their respective populations.

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    •abeeripiionB, coanty grants, and a portion of the fines imposed at petty-sessions. In 1832 and 1833, the mean annual amount of subscriptions to them was £25,448 ; and, in 1839, it was £34,604. la 1888 Mid 1833, the mean annual amount of oonnty grants to them was £25,016 ; and, in 1839, it WM i^34,060. Many of the dispensaries keep a fuH registration of patients ; but others register naitj the number of dispensations of medicine. The dispensaries are usually managed by sub- •oritars of one guinea or upwards, or by five or more of these elected by the others. In 1832 aad 1833, the arerage number of dispensary cases is reported at 1,139,150, and in 1836-1838, at 1,210,143 : but, in consequence of the imperfect state of the registration, these totals must greatly exceed the actual number ef patients. In 1839, there was, in the county of Meath, one dispensary to a population of 6,545 ; in co. Dublin, to 6,286; in co. Kildare, to 7,228 ; in co. Down, to 23,468 ; in co. Longford, to 22,511 ; in co. Leitrira, to 20,218 ; and in co. Sligo, to 19,176. In the other counties, the proportion varied between these extremes ; and throughout Ireland, the mean average was one dispensary to 13,520. The difference among counties, however, wa6 even lesa than the difference among districts of the same county. In co. Down, for example, the Eilkeel di^>en8ary afforded relief to 4 per cent, of the population, and the Donaghadee one to 4^ per cent, while the Seaford one afforded it to 35 per cent. ; and in co. Armagh, the Bellatram dispen^ sary afforded relief to 4 per cent, of the population, and the Seagoe one to 9^ per cent., while the Fortadown and the Forkhill dispensaries afforded it to respectively 44 and 50 per cent. At MoBalea, in oo. Wettmeath, the surgeon*s salary was equal to lO^d. p2r head on the population of tke district; at Ballinaoary, is the same county, to l§d. ; at Durrow, in the Abbeyleix Poor-law union, to 8|d. ; and at MountmeUick, to l^d. At Kilkeel in co. Down, the average cost of medidue was 2s. 5d. per every patient relieved ; at Castlewellan, it was 3|d. ; at Enfield, in co. Heath, it was 8d. ; and at Trim, in the immediate vicinity of Enfield, it was l|d.— About 12 of the fever hospitals of Ireland are county institutions, entirely supported by county grants, — the ma^rimum of which is fixed at £500 per annum ; but the remainder are district institutions like the dispensaries, and intended for one or more parishes, or for baronies or half-baronies. *^ The county authorities are empowered to present any sum not exceeding double the amount of the subscriptions obtained within the year, or since the last presentment. This maximum amount is in some counties freely granted ; but in others a much smaller sum is invariably presented. The Doblin fever hospitals are supported in a different manner from those in different parts of the country : that in Ck)rk-street is maintained by a large annual parliamentary grant with the ad* diiion ef some subscription ; the Hardwick fever hospital, and the fever wards of the Meath hoifital, are supported entirely by the former means. The funds for a few of the fever hospitals ace fupplied entirely by private individuals : thus the Primate supports the Armagh fever hospitals, and Lord Middleton one in the western part of the same county. A large annual donation fimn the Marquis of Hertford, added to a vohintary assessment on his property in the county of AsCrim, constitutes the means of supporting that at Lisburn. The governors of fever hospitals obtain advances from government through the intervention of the General Board of Health for Xreland, where a local board of health is formed in the vicinity of such hospitals. In other initanres these local boards of health disburse the whole of the funds obtained from government, wbikt the governors of the fever hospital support in the usual manner. In either case the famdM advanced by government are repaid by an assessment upon the county at large." In 1833, the fever hospitals amounted to 70, and were supported or aided with .£13,268 from county grants, mad £7,543 from subscription ; and, in 183D, they amounted to 90, and were supported or aided with £22,072 15s. 2d. from county grants, and £7,168 Ds. 8W. from subscription. The fever hospitals are usually managed by a corporation, or by a committee of subscribers ; they generally keep an accurate registration of patients ; and they usually admit cases of contagious disease cither from aU parts of a county on the recommendation of a magistrate, a governor, or a suhscriber, or frx>m all parts of a district on the order of a subscriber, — though some admit cases upon the mere application of the patients or their friends. — Infirmaries are intended for patients icsding in any part of their respective counties or cities ; and they afford relief to them under the classification of intern and extern. Severe casualties and all serious surgical and medical cases, not affected with supposed incurable or contagious diseases, are admissable as interns ; those of a ha serious nature are attended as extems, — that is, they are prescribed for, and obtain medicine tt the surgery. No domiciliary attendance on the extems is expected of the surgeon, even in t'/wns which have no dispensary. The funds for the eupport of the infirmaries are obtained from cjunty presentments, government grants, petty-sessions fines, and private subscriptions and donations. A grand jury, previous to 1836, could not grant more to an infirmary than £600 per uuuun ; but since that date, it may grant £1,400 for the institution itself, and £100 Irish for its surgeon's salary. In 1830, the number of infirmaries was 31) ; and, in 1833, they received £16,946 frwn county grants, and £4,500 from subscriptions and donations, — in 1830, £25,362 4s. 7d. from

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 95

13. Inexhaustible white fish at Waterford's Nymph Bank

    Waterford · city · Waterford

    Waterford's fishing resources were long believed to be abundant. The famous Nymph Bank off Waterford was specifically asserted to yield white fish in inexhaustible quantities.

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    occasional, and inefficient means of prosecuting fishing. Fish-curers drive a considerable trade at Galway and Killybegs ; but at most other places between the Shannon and Malin Head, the fishermen rely principally or wholly on the herring fishery, and dispose of most of their produce to travelling traders who visit the several fishing harbours. From Malin Head to Bel&st Lough, the fishermen are much more regularly employed, and find a ready sale for their produce either at home or in the markets of Glasgow and Liverpool. From Belfast Lough to Carlingford Lough, the trade of fishing, except for herrings, is regularly followed at only two or three places, and, in consequence of the superior remuneration of agricultural labour, is generally regarded with indifference. From Carlingford to Wexford, fish are alleged by fishermen to be scarce ; and from Dublin to Wexford, little fishing is carried on for the supply of the Dublin market. It is confidently asserted that a diminution of the fisheries in this great district '^ amounts to three-fourths of the quantity taken at a period not many years distant. This failure in productiveness is attributed to an over fishing, and to a destruction of spawn, — ^both imputed to the troUers." At Waterford, the fishing resource has long been believed to be abundant ; and the famous nymph bank is asserted to yield white fish in inexhaustible quantity. From Waterford, round the entire south coast, and northward to the Shannon, a recent decline in the productiveness of the fisheries, amounting now to an absolute scarcity of fish, is matter of constant local complaint ; but this scarcity seems to exist only in the bay and in-shore fisheries, to which the operations of the fishermen, owing to their poverty and insufficient gear, are chiefly confined.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 60

14. Inishowen Peninsula uplands

    near Inishowen · townland · Donegal

    The Inishowen peninsula, terminating at Malin Head and Inishowen Head, forms a single congeries of upland radiating from the central summit of Slievesnaught. Its isthmus from Lough Swilly to Lough Foyle is low ground.

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    The isthmus of Innishowen, from Lough SwiUy at Inch Island eastward to the head of Lough Foyle, is low ground ; and the whole of the great peninsula, terminating in Malin Head in the north-west and Innishowen Head in the north-east, may be regarded as one congeries of upland, filing off on all sides from the central summit of SHevesnaught, whose altitude above sea-level is S,019 feet. The heights to the north of this central one lift their summits principally in the dose or near vicinity of the sea, and are Sheskin 578 feet, Crockraw 637 feet, Crocknamara 808, Latchet 537, a height 3 miles south-east of Camdonagh 816, and Craignamaddy 1,054 ; those to the east of Slievesnaught are chiefly Squire's Cam 1,058 feet, and Orockglass 1,309 ; those to the south are Eskaheen 1,377 feet, the Scalp 1,589, Craig 749, and Clonglash 853 ; and those to the west are Slievemain 1,557, Aghaweel 1,106, Milltown 1,373, Raghtenmore 1,656, and a height 1^ mile west of Ballyliffin 818. The Donegal or western part of the grand north-west Ulster congeries of moun* tains is very distinctly separated from the rest by the valley of the Foyle up to Lifford, and may thence be sectioned off by the river Moume up to the vicinity of Newtown-Stewart, and by the rivulet Derg thence to Lough Derg, in the immediate vicinity of the great basis of the Erne, and within 4^ miles of the northern extremity of Lower Lough Erne. The mountainous district east of these boundaries is bounded on the east by the valley of the Bann and the plain of Lough Keagh, — on the south-east, by a line drawn from the western vicinity of Dungannon south-southwestward to the north-western vicinity of Clones, — and on the south-west, by the valley of the middle and lower Erne ; and though, in a loose sense, it is one great region of uplands, and measures no less an extreme distance southward than 60 miles fr^m the northern coast, yet it reaUy consists of a number of nearly separate series of heights, and places all the more crowded and lofty portions of its sur&ce within about 23 miles of the northern coast, and each of all except three or four of even its remotest summits within %5 miles of either the northern coast or the western.* The principal summits within and along the culminating-line, or within 23 miles of the northern coast, are Slievebuck 823 feet, Legavannon 1,289, a height 3} miles east of Legavannon 842, Nedstop 986, Brown Mountain 973, Dullerton 516, Slievekirk 1,225, a height 5{ miles east of Slievekirk 970, Knockivee 969, a heiglit 3^ miles south-east by east of Strabane 1,094, a height 5^ miles east by south of Strabane 1,343, Crockdoish 1,087, Slieveboy 854, MuUaghmeash 797, MuUaghcarb 1,890, Straw Mountain 2,085, Dart Mountain 1,612, a height 1^ mile east of Dart Mountain 2,037, Sawel 2,236, Munard 1,550, a height 1} mile east of Munard 2,064, Streeve 1,280, a height 1{ mile south of Streeve 980, White Mountain 1,996, Benbradagh 1,490, Camtogher 1,521, a height 2 miles north of Camtogher 1,242, Donald's Hill 1,315, Keady 1,101, a height 3 miles north of Koady 1,072, Benyevenagh 1,260, and Giant's Sconce 797 ; and the principal summits south of the culminating-line, or fkrther than 23 miles from the northem coast, are Croagh 1,260, AltamuUen 939, a height 4} miles east of AltamuUen 541, Ardbarren 628, Meagny 608, Bessy Bell 1,386, Mary Grey 826, a height 3| miles south-east of Mary Grey 1,370, Slievemore 1,262, Munteriony 1,432, a height ^ miles south of Munteriony 1,096, Broughderg, 1,088, Bellevenamore 1,261, Fir Mountain 1,188, Slievegullion 1,730, MuUyfa 808, a height 4 miles south-west of MuUy& 857, Crockenni^oe 1,1S9, Knockadrin 752, Clenvannan 730, a height 3 miles east of Clenvannan 870, a height 6( miles north-east of Clenvannan 1,117, Dooish 1,110, a height 3^ miles south-east of Dooish 980, a height 3| miles north-north-west of Pomeroy 993, a height 3^ miles north-east of Pometoy 771, Knockadrin 752, a height 2^ miles north-north-east of Lowtherstown 590, Shantavany 1,035, a height 3 miles south-south-east of Fintona 706, a height 2 miles north of Fintona 401, a height 5 iniles west of Ballygawley 690, a height 3 miles east of Shantavany 863, Barrack Mountain 946, Topped 809, a height 3 miles north-west of Topped 643, Cole 920, a height 5^ miles west of Cole 1,046, a height 2 miles west-north-west of Cole 1,031, a height 4 miles south-east of Shantavany

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 14

15. Iron ore pits on Ardmore upland road

    Ardmore · town · Waterford

    Iron ore was formerly extracted from large pits on the side of the upland road between Dungarvan and Youghal. The upland, known as Slievegrine or 'the Mountain,' was separately noted in the 1831 census with a population of 2,374.

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    the Parlour, is large and cuiious ; and it describes a boldly sinuous or serpentine curve, projecting in Ardmore Head on the west, and receding round Ardmore bay or harbour on the east. The headland is a conspicuous promontory of St. George's Channel, 8 miles south-west of Helwick Point, and the same distance north-east of Ring Point ; the bay will be noticed in connection with the village. The surface along the seaboard is champaign, and generally excellent land, affording either rich artificial pasture, or luxuriant crops of corn. But inward, and athwart the larger part of the interior, it consists of a congeries of lofty upland, topographically deaignated Slievegrine, or * the Mountain,' and is only partially arable. The higher ndges of the upland are generally carpeted with a light gravelly soil, while the hollows are, to a considerable extent, occupied by bo^. Cattle grazed on the unarable summits and declivities, especially toward the sea, where snow seldom lies 48 hours, have long been observed to bear the rigour of a severe winter better than such as are pastured on richer lands. Iron ore was at one time dug from some large pits, on the side of the upland road leading from Dungarvan to Youghal. * The Mountain,' or Slievegrine. is separately noticed in the census of 1831, and had then a pop. of 2,374. The chief objects of interest belong to our notice of the village. — This parish is a vicarage in the dio. of Lismore. The vicarial tithes are compounded for £216, and the rectorial for £432; and the latter are appropriated to the precentorship of the cathedral church of Lismore. The vicarages of Ardmore and Ballt- MACART [see that article] constitute the benefice of Ardmore. Length, 10 miles; breadth, 6. Gross income, £276; nett, £254 8s. Patron, the diocesan. A curate has a stipend of £75. The church is so ancient, that the date of erection is unknown. Sittings 150; attendance, from 30 to 60. The Ardmore Roman Catholic chapel is attended by from 700 te 1,000 ; and in common with the chapels of Bally, macart and Kinsalabeg, has 3 officiates. In 1834, the Protestants of Ardmore parish amounted to 55, and the Roman Catholics to 7»565 ; the ProtesUnts of the union to 63, and the Roman Catholics to 8,580; and 5 pay-schools in Ardmore, and a National school in Ballymacart, had en their books 367 boys and 1 18 girls.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 122

16. Kerry Head's bold coastline

    near Kerry Head · promontory · Kerry

    The text describes Kerry Head and the small portion of the peninsula it terminates as having a bold and comparatively high shoreline. This contrasts with the generally low and softly featured shores of the surrounding bays.

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    and Tralee bay, and respectively 4f miles to the north of the head of Brandon bay, 10^ miles to the north-north-west of the head of Tralee bay, and 8 miles to the west of the head of Ballyheigue bay. The shores around these bays are in themselves low and softly featured, though over nearly half of their extent they are flanked at a brief distance by loftily ascending acclivities ; and Kerry Head, as well as a small portion of shore on the peninsula which it terminates, is bold and comparatively high. A straight line from Kerry Head to Loop Head extends northward, measures 12^ miles, and passes across the entrance of the estuary of the Shannon ; and a straight line from Loop Head to Black Head, at the south side of the entrance of Galway bay, extends in the direction of north-east by north, measures 48| miles, and is very nearly coincident with the whole of the ocean ward shore of the county of Clare, — a shore somewhat infrequently and slightly indented by the sea, but slenderly variegated with the headlands of Ballard Point, Killard Point, Spanish Point, Fau^ Point, Hagg*s Head, and Fanore Point, and remarkable for its almost uniform character of stem rocky escarpment, its fencing-line of huge boulders torn down from it by the ocean, and especially its magnificent and far-famed cliffs of Mohar.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 4

17. Long Rock reef and slate quarries at Ballywalter

    Ballywalter · townland · Down

    Ballywalter parish on the east coast of Co. Down contains valuable slate quarries near the village and an extended reef called the Long Rock of Ballywalter, running parallel to the coast about half a mile offshore. The reef's southern part is never entirely covered and affords good protection toward the north-east.

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    BALLYWALTER, or WHiTECHrRCH, a parish, containing a village of the same name, in the barony of Ardes, co. Down, Ulster. Length, 2 miles; breadth, | of a mile ; area, 3,378 acres, 3 roods, S3 perches. Pop., in 1841, 1,916. Houses 349. The surface extends along the east coast of the barony ; is traversed by the road from Portaferry to Donaghadee ; and consists, in general, of fertile land. Near the village are valuable slate quarries. The village is situated on the ooast, and on the principal road, 3^ miles east by north of Greyabbey, and 4 northnorth-east of Kircubbin. Area, 24 acrei. Pop., in 1831, 604; in 1841, 743. Houses 151. Fairs are held on June 22 and Nov. 8. In front of the village, nearly parallel with the coast, and about half-a-mile distant, is an extended reef, called the Long Rock of BuDywalter. This reef admits various passives for boats at a certain time of tide ; and its southern part is never entirely covered, and affords g^ood protection toward the north-east. A small pier was constructed by the villagers on the north of a ledge of rocks in front of the village; but as it had small depth of water, and was very difficult of access, Mr. Nimmo, when surveying the Irish coast ibr the Fishery Board, recoounended the oonstmction of new works in a cove, called Maxwell's bay, on the south of the ledge. ** By clearing the inside," says he, '* and raising the southern ledge about 4 feet, running a jetty of about ICO feet from the northeast part thereof, we will form an admirable tideharbour of about 14 acres, with 18 feet at high- water springs, well sheltered from all winds, and ca|>able of being greatly improved and extended. By placing a beacon in Scullmartin, and a buoy on the end of lA>ng Rock, the roadstead in front of the village will be converted into one of the best on the east coast, in<^tead of being a place for shipwrecks, 3 or 4 of which occur almost regularly every winter. The estimate for this impiovement auiy be £2,574. A beacon of iron on Scullmartin might cost about £50. 1 have seen few places caoahle of greater ultimate improvement than Bally waiter. The upper part of the strand immediately opposite to the towo way be converted with great eaee into an inner har-

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 153

18. Lough Allen and the Shannon navigation

    Lough Allen · electoral division · Roscommon

    Lough Allen, located mainly within County Roscommon, is traversed by the young River Shannon. It serves as the inner end or starting point of the Shannon navigation system.

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    (0 afanost every person of taste in the United Kingdom, and to manj a cultivated mind throughout America and continental Europe, for their exquisitely rich and powerful scenery. Lough Allen, atoated partly on the boundary between Roscommon, but chiefly within the latter county, iii traversed by the young Shannon, and forms the inner end or commencement of the Shannon navigation ; and, though not remarkable for either force or picturesqueness of landscape, possesses a considerable amount of scenic interest. Lough Ree, situated between co. Roscommon on the west, and counties Longford and Westmeath on the east, is a large and long expansion of the Shannon ; but, in spite of several pleasant islands, of varied ramifications and somewhat intricate outline, and of an aggregately large amount of wood and artificial embellishment upon its shores, it is, for the most part, feeble in character, and poor in interest. Lough Derg, situated between 00. Tipperary on the east, and counties Galway and Clare on the west, is the largest and longest expansion of the Shannon, and possesses a picturesquely varied outline, agreeable islets, alternately bold and soft shores, and a large amount, as well as considerable variety, of rich and imposing landscape. Other lacustrine expansions of the Shannon than Loughs Allen, Ree, and Derg, are situated chiefly within co. Roscommon, or on its boundary, and are comparatively small and devoid of interest.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 23

19. Lough Corrib and the Lakes of Connaught

    Lough Corrib · lake or lakes · Galway

    Lough Corrib, situated mainly in County Galway, is a variable expanse of water ornamented with green islands. It features both luxuriant grounds and wild, lofty mountains, and forms a principal link in the natural inland navigation known as the Lakes of Connaught.

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    Lough Neagh, on the boundaries of counties Antrim, Down, Armagh, Tyrone, and Londonderry, is not only the largest lake in the United Kingdom, but one of the largest in Europe ; it is a characterless inland sea, surrounded by low shores and a generally flat country ; it possesses extensive, but, in a great measure, factitious fame, for its power of petrifaction ; and though comparatively shallow, it boasts important subordination to the ramified inland navigation of the whole of Ulster. Loughs Erne, Upper and Lower, partly in counties Cavan and Donegal, but chiefly in co. Fermanagh, are multitudinously studded with beautiful islands, and completely environed with diversified, rich, and picturesque shores, and mutually connected, as well as partly flanked, by chains of meadow-encinctured loughlets, and possessed of far more extent, power, and character, than the Winandermere of England ; and they serve, not only as a great navigable series of waters in themselves, but as the counterpart of Lough Neagh in the system of navigations for Ulster and by the Ulster canal. Lough Corrib, partly on the boundary between Mayo and Galway, but chiefly within the latter county, is a large lacustrine expanse, very variable in width, depth, and scenery, but, to a large extent, gemmed with green islands, and either bounded by luxuriant grounds or overhung by wild and lofty mountains ; and it forms a main part of the chain of natural inland navigation in what have been termed the Lakes of Connaught. Lough Mask, situated in the counties of Galway and Mayo, a little north of Lough Corrib, displays wooded isles and luscious beauty, pours its great volume of superfluent waters down a wondrous subterranean channel to Lough Corrib, and is also an important part of the navigable series of Connaught Lakes. Lough Carra, situated within Mayo very near the head of Lough Mask, is much inferior in size to the latter, but considerably similar in character. An intricate and rather numerous series of lakes and loughlets, in the vicinity of Castlebar, and chiefly between that town and Westport, are in some instances sheets of b^uty, in others huge bogholes, and in others of diversified appearance ; and they often bear the aggregate name of the Castlebar Lakes, and are, to some extent, identified with the proposed ramification of inland Connaught navigations. Lough Conn, in the north of co. Mayo, has a few islets, and is partly overhung by Mount Nephin, partly bounded by pleasant shores, and partly screened with heathy moors ; it is divided into Lough Conn proper in the north, and Lough Cullen in the south, by a brief strait of river-width, spanned by the Pontoon bridge ; and it belongs to the river-system of the Moy, and holds a place, though a subordinate one, in the proposed series of inland navigations. The Lakes of KiUamey, Upper, Middle, and Lower, in co. Kerry, the first and second small, and the third large, are known either by inspection or by £Eune,

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 23

20. Magnificent promontory of Bray Head

    near Bray Head · promontory · Wicklow

    Bray Head is described as a magnificent promontory on the coast south of Dublin Bay. Its summit reaches 791 feet above sea level and commands a superb view of the ocean, coast, and seaboard.

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    The small headland at the south side of the entrance of Dublin bay, and directly opposite Dalkcj Island, is situated 6^ miles south by west of the Bailey Light on Howth Head ; and the coast thence to Wicklow Head trends south by eastward, measures 21^ miles, departs but trivially and gently from the straight line, is nearly all a face of low bluff shore overlooked by grandly tumulated or rapidly ascending hills, and presents on its margin, a little south of the boundary^line between the counties of Dublin and Meath, the magnificent promontory of Bray Head, whose summit, at an altitude of 791 feet above sea-level, commands a superb view of ocean, coast, and seaboard. From Wicklow Head to Raven Point at the north side of the entrance of Wexford Harbour, the coast trends south-south-westward, measures 45 miles, has few and small projections and indentations, and over the northern half resembles the coast between Wicklow Head and Dublin bay, while over the southern half, it consists of the soft and beachy termination of a great expanse of champaign country. The principal headlands arc Maugher Point,>84 feet above seft-

    XU INTRODUCTION*

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 3

21. Mayo and Sligo the only wooded Connaught counties

    Mayo · parish · Mayo · 1640–1652

    Boate stated that in Connaught there were very few forests except in the counties of Mayo and Sligo, making them notable exceptions in the western province.

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    Henry XL, this country was full of woods on every side ; but the English, on gaining possession of it, cut them down, partly in order to deprive the banditti of their lurking places, and partly to gain the greater scope of profitable lands. Another cause operated, which operates in all countries — the desire to obtain wood for ,fVLel. Forests, ho^wever, were still numerous in those parts especially over which the English had not acquired a perfect and tranquil power ; but after the quelling of the great rebellion in the time of Elizabeth, the forests were still more reduced in extent and number. The same motives which operated i^ith the conquerors on their first invasion, operated now. Besides, the prospect of gain for the sale of the timber was a further inducement. Immense ship loads were sent to foreign parts ; and whereas, before this period, there waa not a single charcoal manufactory, on the subduing of the rebelUon, a great number on a very extensive scale were erected. All these causes, however, though operating probably with a progressive effect, had not denuded Ireland entirely of forests in the middle of the 17th century, iitt period when Boate published bis Natural History of that country. He complains, indeed, that great part of Ireland was very bare of woods in his time ; and that, In some places, you might travel whole days long without seeing any wood or trees, except a few about gentlemen's houses; and, particularly, instances the route from Dublin, as far as Dromore, by Dundalk and Newry^ being above 90 miles, in some parts whereof you shaU not see so much as one tree in many miles^ and adds, th{it the ' great yroods, which the maps do represent to us upon the mountains between Dundalk and Newry, are quite vanished.* Notwithstanding these complaints, there were, in the time of this author, large forests, which no longer exist. In Leinster he states, that the counties of Wicklow, and King and Queen's counties, were throughout full of woods, some many miles long an4 broad ; and that part of the counties of Wexford and Oarlow were greatly furnished with them. In Ubter, there were, in his time, great forests in the county of Donegal, and in the north part of Tyro^e ; like^e ^n Fermanagh, along lake Erne, in Antrim, and in the north part of Down. The greatest part of the latter county, however, as well as Armagh, Monaghan, and Cavan, ^hich; in the war with ^rone, were encumbered with great and thick forest^, were, in the time of Dr Boate, almost everywhere bare. With respect to Munster, he represents the counties of Kerry and Tipperary as possessing sundry great forests, notwithstanding the English, especially the Earl of Cork, had ipade great havoc with the woods. In Cionnaught he states, that there were very few forests, except ip the counties of M^yo and Sligo.**

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 36

22. Mines at Allihies near Berehaven, County Cork

    Allihies · townland · Cork

    Copper and lead mines at Allihies near Berehaven in County Cork were being worked on an extensive scale with notable success. They were among the valuable mining operations in the southern clay slate district.

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    A seventh district of great extent — and the third which contains a large aggregate of transition rocks — stretches .from Waterford on the east, to Dingle bay on the west, and comprehends very nearly the whole of co. Waterford, and large portions of the counties of Cork and Kerry. This district contains abundance of carboniferous or mountain limestone, and two varieties of transition slate, an older and aoiewer. The limestone forms the bottom of the valleys of all the principal rivers, and is found aroundthe edges of the great sea^loughs and bays. The older transition slate is grey in colour, of similar age, composition, and structure, to Uiat of Down, Eildare, Widclow, and Wexford, and extensively mitable to be used as roofing slate; and it is successfully quarried at Glenpatrick in co. Waterfd^, and West Carbery in cq. Cork. '^ The second or newer slate, usually rests unconformably on the older. The lower portions of its strata consist of alternating beds of brownish red quartzese conglomerate, and coarse red slate. These strata are succeeded by alternations of red and grey quartz rock, red quartzose slate, and clay slate, the grain becoming gradually finer as the be^s accumulate and recede farther from the conglomerate, till at length the upper beds produce varieties of purple, brownish, red, and reddish grey clay slate, which are quarried and used as roofing slate, particularly in the vaUey of the river Blackwatcr, near Lismore. In the counties of Waterford and Cork, these strata form successive undulations, the ridges of which have an east and west direction, and the beds jalways incline towards the valleys of the principal rivers, And thus form troughs, which are filled by indurated sandstone and secondary limestone, whose strata rost conformably on the day slate. The southern clay slate district contains several copper and lead mines of great value, some of which are now being worked on an extensive scale, and with signal success, particularly those of Knockmahon in co. Waterford, and of Allihies near Berehaven in co. Cork. Mining operations have lately been commenced with great spirit at Ardtully, near Kenmare, in co. Kerry ; and extensive works have, till within a short period, been carried on at the Ardley copper minesi near the southrwestem coast of co. Cork,"

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 23

23. Mizen Head's steep sea dive

    near Mizen Head · promontory · Cork

    Mizen Head forms the south-west extremity of the mainland and features a hill that drops rapidly into the sea. The summit of this hill reaches an altitude of 759 feet above sea-level.

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    line of the andulftting shore ; a line from the west side of the entrance of Kinsale Harbour to the Old Head of Kinsale, at the termination of a narrow and comparatively long peninsula, extends ■oath by westward, measures 6^ miles, and places the east coast of the peninsula, with its small headlanda, ai the mean distance of about three-fourthi of a mile to the west ; a line from the Old Head of Kinsale to the Seven Heads extends westnsouth-westward, measures 8{ miles, and passes across the entrance of Courtmacsherry bay, placing Kinahemsey Point, Barry Point, and other small headlands within the bay to the north-west ; a line from the Seven Heads to Gaily Head extends wett-south- westward, measures 9^ miles, and passes across the entrance of Clonakilty bay ; a line from Gaily Head to Toe Head extends west-south-westward, measures 12^ miles, and passes across the entrance of the large exterior bay whose ramifications, or interior parts, constitute the bays of Boss, Glandore, and Castlehaven ; a line frt>m Toe Head to the east side of the entrance of Baltimore Harbour extends in the direction of west by south, measures 6^ miles, and is partly coincident with the shore, but chiefly passes across the entrance of the twin bays of Toe and Barlog ; and a line from the east side of the entrance of Baltimore Harbour to Mizen Head at the south-west extremity of the mainland, extends in the direction of half a point south of west, measures 19^ miles, passes through the middle of Innisherkin, places the centre of Cape Clear Island 2^ miles to the south, places to the north the intricate archipelago terminating in Roaring- Water bay, and coincides over only a mile or two with either the shore itself or its immediate vicinity. The whole coast from Cork Harbour to Baltimore is exceedingly diversified, abounds in pleasant and brilliant scenery, and, in a general view, presents a bluff breastwork to the sea, has soft and gentle shores in the upper parts of its bays or other recesses, and terminates a seaboard of prevailingly undulating and tumulated sarhce. The coast westward of Baltimore, or rather on the west flank of the archipelago terminating in Roaring- Water bay, consists of the steep hce of lofty declivities, overlooked by the mountain-summits of Knockmadden and Mount- Gabriel, at the altitude of respectively 1,029 and 1,335 feet above sea-level ; and even Mizen Head itself exhibits the rapid dive into the sea of a hill whose summit has an altitude of 759 feet. A straight line frt>m Mizen Head to Sheep^s Head extends in the direction of north by west, measures 6^ miles, and nearly coincides with the shore to Three Castle Head, and then passes across the entrance of Dunmanus bay -, a line from Sheep's Head to BlackbuU Head extends west-northwestward, measures 8} miles, and passes across the entrance of Bantry bay ; a line from BlackbuU Head to Crow Head extends westward, measures 5} miles, and places the shore at the mean distance of about three-fourths of a mile to the north ; a line from Crow Head to Lamb Head extends in the direction of north by east half east, measures 11 miles, traverses a small part of Dursey Island, nearly coincides with Garrinish Point, places Cod's Head 1^ mile to the east, and then passes across the entrance of the Kenmare estiuury ; and a line from Lamb Head to Bolus Head extends west-north-westward, measures 9^ miles, places the shore to Hogg Head at the mean distance of 1} mile to the north, and then passes across the entrance of BallinaskeUigs bay. The shore and the seaboard, over all the distance frt>m Mizen Head to Bolus Head, even including by fiur the greater portion of the iar-extending inroads of the sea, are lofty, rugged, and impressive, affording shelter frx>m the winds chiefly or almost only among curves of cliffs and between spurs of mountains ; and Bolus Head itself lifts its summit to the altitude of no less than 1,351 feet above 8ea4eveL The coast from Bolus Head to Bray Head, at the western extremity of Yalentia Island, prevailingly trends north-north-westward, is defined by a straight line of 7 j miles in extent, bat Hfis to the east of that line at the mean distance of about a mile ; and it maintains the same diaracter as the coast south-east of Bolus Head, and is immediately overhung by the summits of KnockagaUsky, Lateeve Hill, Coraghmore, and Corraghbeg. Yalentia Island lies so compactly with the mainland, and in a general view so much and curvingly within the mainland's prevailing coast-Hne, that it cannot be very easily treated as possessing an insular situation. Straight lines from Bray Head to Mount-Ea^e, from Bray Head to Doulas Head, and from Doulas Head to Monni-Eag^e, measure and extend respectively 14 miles north by half-westward, 6} miles northeastward, and 11^ miles north-north-westward ; and both the first and the third of them may be regarded as passing across the entrance of Dingle bay. The south-west base or epur of Mount-Eagle^ Ibrming the real screen of the north side of the entrance of Dingle bay, is situated 1^ mile southcast of Dnnmore Head, the reputed screen ; and a straight line from the latter to Cape Sybil extends northward, measures 5 miles, and is nearly coincident with the bold and mountain-laden shore. The coast from Cape Sybil to Brandon Head trends north-eastward, measures 15^ miles, is marked by Dunoorlin and Ballydavid Heads and indented with Smerwick Harbour, and exhibits surpassing wildness and loftiness on its immediate seaboard, a chief and fetr-spreading feature being the sea-washed mountain of Brandon, whose summit soars to the altitude of 3,126 feet above sea-leveL A straight line from Brandon Head to Kerry Head extends north-eastward, measures 12} miles, 1 1^ mile to the north-west of the termination of the low flat peninsula between Brandon bt/

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 3

24. Mohill census population anomaly

    Mohill · town · Leitrim · 1841

    Mohill in southern Leitrim was noted by census commissioners as a town approaching 2,000 inhabitants, yet retained in rural population statistics. This inflated the apparent density of the surrounding countryside on the census map.

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    as when towns are excladed a limit must be drawn. We have taken, of course, that already explained as marking our civic district, viz. 2,000 inhabitants ; but there are many towns very little below this limit, and in such cases, especially when two of more happen to lie together, the rural population appears more dense than it really is. An instance of this may be seen in the southern portion of the county of Leitrim, where there is no town above 2,000 inhabitants. But the towns of Carrick-on-Shannon and Mohill, approaching to that number, are retained in the rural population. That district, accordingly, appears more densely peopled than it probably will be in ten years more, when the towns may be expected to contain more than 2,000. A similar case occurs in the district around Clonakilty. These anomalies, however, do not disturb the general effect of the map as a graphic representation; and the shading on such maps ought never to b& considered in any other light!'

    s

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 108

25. Old castle at Baron's Court demesne, Co. Tyrone

    Baronscourt · townland · Tyrone

    An extant old castle crowns a thickly wooded rising ground on the east side of Baron's Court demesne in the parish of Ardstraw, County Tyrone. The demesne also features three wooded and beautiful lakes.

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    posite the Holme, wm burned by Sir Phelkn Roe O'Neil in 1641, rebuilt bjr Sir WilliaiB Stewart after he became Lord Mountjoy, and again homed by King James on his retreat trom Londonderry. Another extant old castle crowns a thickly wooded rising groand on the east side of Baron's-court demesne. Raths or Danish forts are so numerous that about a dozen may be counted within a mile cm the western skirts or Mary Grey. A cromlegh, called by the country people a clogh-ogle,* stands on a hill a mile north of Newtown- Stewart. It consists of 3 upright stones, triangularly placed, and about 7 feet high, supporting a horizontal stone, 15 or 16 inches thick, 11 feet long, and nearly 7 feet broad.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 122

26. Parish church built in 1814 near Ballycastle

    near Ramoan · parish · Antrim · 1814

    The parish church in this parish (diocese of Connor, near Ballycastle) was constructed in 1814 using funds of £838 15s. 4¼d. raised by the parish and a grant of £738 9s. 2½d. from the Board of First Fruits. It seated 500 with attendance varying from 150–200 in winter to 300–400 in summer.

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    Oct 14. The road from Ballycastle to BiuhmilU passes through the village ; and an ample ramification of other roads traverses the interior — Thii parish is a rectory, and a separate benefice in the dio. of Connor. Tithe composition, exclusive of a portion assigned to the perpetual curate of Dunseverick parish, £389 19s. 5d. Gross income, £461 9s. Ad.; nett, £315 9s. lO^d. Patron, the diocesan. A curate receives a stipend of £70. Some of the townlamls of the pansh are within the perpetual curacy of Dunsbyebick: which see. The church was built in 1814, by means of £838 15s. 4id., raised by the parish, and £738 9s. 2}d. granted by the late Board of First FruiU. Sittings 500; attendance, from 150 to 200 in winter, and from 300 to 400 in summer. A Presbyterian meeting-house is attended by from 250 to 300, and a Roman Catholic chapel by 250 ; and the latter is united, in the Roman Catholic parochial arrangement, to the chapel of Armoy. In 1834, the parishioners consisted of 2,122 Churchmen, 933 Presbyterians, and 1,064 Roman Catholics ; and 6 daily schools, at Ballintov, Croaghbeg, Lisbetnagroagh, Drumnagosson, Prollisk, and litland-Macallen, had on their books 390 boya and 102 girls. The schools at Prollisk and Ishind- Macallen were wholly supported on an annual grant of £26 each from the Methodist Missionary Society, and that at Ballintoy was aided with £15 a-year, charged on lands by the will of a James Stewart

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 152

27. Religious convents in Armagh

    near Armagh · town · Armagh

    Armagh housed several religious convents and houses, including Dominican, Franciscan, and Augustinian friaries, along with Presentation and Sienna convents. These communities contained dozens of friars and nuns.

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    ciation for Discountenancing Vice, 19 with the Board of Erasmus Smith, 22 with the Kildare-strcet Society, and 59 with the London Hibernian Society. — The Roman Catholic dio. of Armagh is distributed into 51 parishes : two of these, Armagh and Drogheda, are bishops' parishes, and are served by the primate and 6 curates; and the others are served by 49 officiates, and 60 coadjutor officiates. Efforts have recently been made for the erection of a splendid new Roman Catholic cathedral in Armagh. The Roman Catholic primate resides alternately at Armagh and Drogheda. The convents within the dio. are a Dominican with 3 friars in Armagh, a Dominican with 2 fnars in Dundalk, a Franciscan with 3 friars in Armagh, an Augustinian with 3 fnars in Armagh, a presentation with 12 nuns in Armagh, and a Sienna convent of St. Catherine with 22 nuns in Armagh.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 138

28. Rev. Hardagan bequest funds Annaghdown schools

    Annaghdown · townland · Galway

    Two schools in Annaghdown chapel and at Woodpark were each aided by the interest of £100 Irish bequeathed by the Rev. Redmond Hardagan, a Roman Catholic clergyman of the parish. In 1834 the parish had eight day-schools serving 228 boys and 104 girls.

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    19s. 9]d. Patron, the diocesan. The church, situated m Annaghdown, was built about the year (798^ by means ef a gift of £461 lOs. 9^d. from the late Board of First Fruits. Sittings 200 ; average attendance, from 12 to 20. The Annaghdown Roman Catholic chapel is attended by from 600 to 700 ; the Woedpark school-house, used as a Reman Catholic chapel, is attended by 125; and they have jointly two officiates. There are chapels also in Lackagh and Killascobe. In 1834, the Protes* tants of Annaghdown parish amounted to 27, and the Roman Catholics to 6,504 ; the Protestants of the united parishes to 43, and the Roman Catholics to 11,458; the day-schools of Annof^hdown parish to 8, with, in the case of 6 of them, 228 boys and 104 girls ; and the day-schools of the union to 16, with 374 boys and 185 girls. The two schools in Annaghdown chapel and at Woodpark, were each aided with the interest of £100 Irish, bequeathed by the Rev. Redmond Hardagan, Roman Catholic clergyman of the parish. A Sunday school u'as kept in the church. In 1840-41, a dispensary in Annaghdown, included within the Galway Poor-law union, received £175 16s., expended £180 Us. 6d., and made 5,725 dispensations of medicine. Its district is so large or so undefined as to extend no small distance beyond Headford ; and the residence of the medical attendant is, most inconveniently, at one of the extremities.

    ANNAGHWJFF. See ANNADUFt.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 112

29. Roman Catholic chapel united to Armoy

    near Armoy · parish · Antrim · 1834

    The Roman Catholic chapel in this parish was united, under Roman Catholic parochial arrangement, to the chapel of Armoy. In 1834 the parish had 1,064 Roman Catholics out of a total population including 2,122 Churchmen and 933 Presbyterians.

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    Oct 14. The road from Ballycastle to BiuhmilU passes through the village ; and an ample ramification of other roads traverses the interior — Thii parish is a rectory, and a separate benefice in the dio. of Connor. Tithe composition, exclusive of a portion assigned to the perpetual curate of Dunseverick parish, £389 19s. 5d. Gross income, £461 9s. Ad.; nett, £315 9s. lO^d. Patron, the diocesan. A curate receives a stipend of £70. Some of the townlamls of the pansh are within the perpetual curacy of Dunsbyebick: which see. The church was built in 1814, by means of £838 15s. 4id., raised by the parish, and £738 9s. 2}d. granted by the late Board of First FruiU. Sittings 500; attendance, from 150 to 200 in winter, and from 300 to 400 in summer. A Presbyterian meeting-house is attended by from 250 to 300, and a Roman Catholic chapel by 250 ; and the latter is united, in the Roman Catholic parochial arrangement, to the chapel of Armoy. In 1834, the parishioners consisted of 2,122 Churchmen, 933 Presbyterians, and 1,064 Roman Catholics ; and 6 daily schools, at Ballintov, Croaghbeg, Lisbetnagroagh, Drumnagosson, Prollisk, and litland-Macallen, had on their books 390 boya and 102 girls. The schools at Prollisk and Ishind- Macallen were wholly supported on an annual grant of £26 each from the Methodist Missionary Society, and that at Ballintoy was aided with £15 a-year, charged on lands by the will of a James Stewart

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 152

30. Royal Canal joins Shannon at Richmond Harbour

    Richmond Harbour · landing-place · Longford · 1789

    Begun in 1789, the Royal Canal ran near the Grand Canal for 52 miles to Mullingar, proceeded via Ballymahon and Killashee, sent a branch to Longford, and joined the Shannon at Richmond Harbour, 92 miles from Dublin.

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    The Grand Canal, which forms the largest and most remarkable of the lines exhibited on the map, sends off a main branch to communicate with the navigation of the Barrow at Athy ; sendi off six other branches which, together with this main one, have an aggregate extent of 65} miles ; passes through Philipstown and Tullamore to the river Shannon, at Shannon Harbour, 7^ miles from Dublin ; communicates there with all the extensive and ramified navigation of the Shannon from Lough Allen to the ocean ; and finally proceeds 9^ miles to Ballinasloe, there probably to communicate at some future period with a long projected system of inland navigations through the lakes of Oonnaught to the sea at Westport and Killalla. The total tonnage in the trafiic on this canal in 1822 was 134,939, and in 1837 was 215,910 ; and the amount of tolls in these years was respectively £24,866 and £40,859. In 1830, the effect of the introduction of steam-power on the Shannon, and the communication which this established between Limerick and Liverpool, began to be felt on the Grand Canal, and mainly contributed to the increase of its traffic ; and the numerous improvements on the Shannon navigation, projected by the public commissioners, will greatly facilitate the means of communication at many points on both banks, and bring a much greater range of country within reach of the advantages of the navigation, and in consequence materially augment the trafiSc on both the .Grand and the Royal Canal. From Carrick-on-Shannon past Athlone, Portumna, Killaloe, Limerick, and other places, to the sea, the river Shannon, or rather its chain of lakes, has for years past been partiaUy navigated over a distance of about 150 miles by steam-vessels either carrying goods and passengers or acting as steam-tugs. The total tonnage carried by the boats of the Inland Navigation Company on the Shannon in 1826, was 2,004 tons, and in 1836 was 47,289 tons ; and the quantity of agricultural produce carried from Limerick and shipped at Dublin for Liverpool in 1833, was 187 tons of wheat, 520 tons of flour, 543 tons of oatmeal, and 4,998 firkins of butter, — and in 1836, was 289 tons of wheat, 7,158 tons of flour, 1,156 tons of oatmeal, and 12,795 firkins of butter. The Royal Canal, begim in 1789, runs very near the Grand' Canal for 52 miles, or to Mullingar, proceeds thence north-westward by Ballymahon and Killashee, sends off a branch of 5 miles from the latter place to Longford, and joins the Shannon at Richmond Harbour, 92 miles from Dublin. In 1834, the total receipts and expenditure connected with this canal were respectively £24,000 and £11,376 ; and, in 1836, they were respectively £25,148 and £11,912. The navigation of the Barrow from the south end of the main branch of the Grand Canal at Athy has been effected by the construction of 17 locks, and the formation of a horse trackway ; and it forms a line of communication along the rich though narrow limestone valley of Carlow, with Bagnalstown, St. MuUins, New Ross, the Suir navigation, and the ocean. In 1800, the tonnage on the Barrow navigation was 19,828 tons, and the amount of tolls was £1,405 ; and, in 1835, the tonnage was 66,084 tons, and the amount of tolls was £4,966. The navigation of the Suir takes very large sea-borne vessels up to the city of Waterford ; but forms a very imperfect navigation for barges thence to Clonmel, the boatmen having great difficulty in forcing the barges through its numerous shallows and rapids. The Boyne navigation carries large sea-borne vessels up to Drogheda, and is thence aided artificially 19 miles to Navan; and, in 1837, the amount of tolls was £775 178. Id. The Newry navigation is 21 miles in length,

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 63

31. Shanbally Castle, Viscount Lismore's mansion

    Ballyporeen · town · Tipperary

    A mile north-east of Ballyporeen stands Shanbally-castle, the splendid mansion of Viscount Lismore. Ballyporeen village itself sits on the road from Dublin to Cork, about 3 miles south-west of Clogheen.

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    BALLYPOREEN, a village in the parish of Templetenny, barony of IfTa and Ofla West, co. Tipperary, Munster. It stands on the r«ad from Dublin to Cork, 2 miles north-west of the boundary between the counties of Tipperary and Cork, and about 3 miles south-west of Clogheen. It is 2 miles distant from the nearest station of the Cork line of railway, at the distance of 1 10 miles from Dublin ; and will be brought by it within 5 hours and 10 minutes travelling time of Dublin, and 21 hours and 10 minutes of London. A dispensarv here is within the Clogheen Poor-law union; and, in 1839-40, its receipts were £132 18s. The village gives name to a Roman Catholic parish in the diocese of Waterford. See Templetenny. A mile north-east of it is Shanbally-castle, the splendid mansion of Viscount Lismore. Area of the village, 27 acres. Pop., in 1831, 513: in 1841, 772. Houses 142.

    BALLYQUILLANE, an ancient parish, 3 mile» south of Stradbally, barenv of Stradbally, QueenV CO., Leinster. It » tcmched or traversed by the road from Thurles to Athy. It was a rectory in the dio. of Leighlin, valued in the king's books at £1 5s.; but it has been s& completely incorporated with some adjoining parish,- that no trace of it appears in documents of the last 20 years.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 152

32. Slieve Bloom range's considerable greatness

    near Slieve Bloom Mountains · mountain or mountain range · Laois

    The Slievebloom range between King's county and Queen's county is noted as one of the only heights of considerable greatness in Ireland outside the seaboard mountain tracts.

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    The mountains of Donegal, Londonderry, and Antrim occupy nearly all the northern seaboard ; the mountains of Antrim, Louth, and Dublin, and the alpine masses of Down and Wicklow, occupy about two-thirds of all the east ; the mountains of Waterford and Cork occupy the greater part of the south ; and the alternate alpine uplands and lofty hills of Kerry, Clare, Galway, Mayo, Sligo, and Donegal, occupy very nearly the whole of the west. These mountain tracts rarely extend more than 20 miles inland ; and, excepting some unimportant extensions of the northern Cork congeries into Limerick and Tipperary, the Blackstairs or Mount-Leinster range between Wexford and Carlow, and the Slievebloom range between Eing^s county and Queen's county, they are the only heights of considerable greatness in Ireland. The south-western and the western congeries, in consequence of their exposure to the prevailing winds of the country and the fierce assaults of the Atlantic, are, to a large extent, cut into a deep and rugged alternation of steep promontory and far-invading bay ; and, in most of these alternations, they present the interesting phenomenon, that the bed or bottom of the bays consists of secondary or carboniferous limestone, while the promontories are composed of either primitive or transition rocks, particularly of granite, mica shite, quartz rock, greywacke, and old red sandstone conglomerate. All the mountains nearest the coast, most of those on the interior or landward side of the seaboard, and even some of the few which occur toward the central districts of the kingdom, are in a great measure destitute of naturally systematic arrangement, consisting not so much of ranges or groups as of utterly irregular amassments, and occasionally of isolated heights ; and the principal series which present an elongated and continuous character of the form of a ridge in any part of the country are the Carlingford mountains in Louth, the Mount-Leinster or Blackstairs mountains between Wexford and Carlow, the Cummeragh mountains across Waterford, the Enockmeledown mountains between Waterford and Tipperary, the Galtee mountains in Tipperary, Cork, and Limerick, the Nagles mountains in Cork, and the Slievebloom mountains between Queen's county and King's county. Some of the congeries or amassments of mountains, as those of Donegal and Galway, are a singular combination of irksomeness and romance, of hoyden tameness and piquant interest ; some, as those of Mayo, eastern Tyrone, northern Kilkenny, and eastern and western Clare, are dingily and drearily moorish ; some, as those of Antrim, combine the featureless tableau in surface with the most varied and powerful escarpment in declivity ; some, as those of northern Clare and southern Tipperary, particularly the Galtees, unite the finest curvatures of outline with the deepest verdure in colour ;

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 12

33. Surveyed railway from Armagh to Dublin via Castleblaney and Ardee

    near Armagh · town · Armagh

    An independent railway line was surveyed to connect Armagh with Dublin by way of Castleblaney and Ardee, crossing the Boyne nearly midway between Drogheda and Navan. The commissioners' own line passed through Navan, Carrickmacross, and Castleblaney.

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    Communications.'] — The roads of the county are in general good and well kept; and they are so abundantly, minutely, and intncately ramified as to be describable only by means of a road map. One principal line runs parallel with the Newry canal, and forks toward Lurgan and Portadown; good roads connect all the towns and large villages ; and principal roads radiate from Armagh toward Dungannon, Moy, Lurgan, Tanderagee, Acton, Newry, Dundalk, Castleblaney, Keady, and Tynan, and pass away, in most instances, to large towns or sea- ports at a distance. Water-communication is maintained with Belfast and its bay through the Bann and the Lagan navigation; witn Newry town and Carling. ford bay, by the Newry navigation ; with Enniskillen and all the ramifications of Lough Erne, by the Ulster canal; and with part of Tyrone, and the interior shores of Londonderry and Antrim, by the far-spreading expanse of Lough Neagh. — The railway Commissioners projected a line of railway to -xmnect Armagh and Dublin, and were anticipated by joint-stock companies or private parties in the projection and survey of other lines traversing or immediately aifectiiig the county. A line from Belfast to Armagh was sanctioned by parliament previous to the Commissioners' appointment ; and, at the close of 1841, it was open from Belfast to Lurgan. A line was surveyed to deflect from the former at Portadown, run parallel to the Newry canal, and join at Newry a coast-line tbence by Dundalk to the northern terminus of the Dublin and Drogheda railway. Another line, quite independent of thb, was surveyed to connect Armagh with Dublin by way of Castleblaney and Ardee, and across the Boyne nearly midway between Drogbeda and Navan. A line was surveyed also to run northward from Armagh, and connect it along the western shore of Lough Neagh, and by way of Coleraine. with Portrush on the north coast of Antrim. The Commissioners' own line passes through the towns of Navan in Meath, and Carrickmacross and Castleblaney on the east border of Monaghan, and sends off, at the first of these, a branch toward Enniskiilen. The Commissioners calculate that, including intermediate stages, the number of passengers daily, in one direction, on the Armagh and Dublin line, will be 7,481 ; and on the Armagh and Belfast line, 4,213.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 130

34. The Aran Islands as a natural breakwater

    near Aran Islands · island or archipelago · Galway

    The Aran Islands form a compact group extending across the entrance of Galway Bay. They provide a strong natural protection to the bay against the Atlantic surges, with their highest ground reaching 460 feet above sea-level.

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    The Arran Islands — ^forming a tolerably compact group of 16 miles in length and 3 in extreme breadth, and consisting of a tiny sub-group called the Branach isles in the north-west, Arranmore or lUanmore, 6} miles in length, and two other islands respectively 3 miles and 2 miles in length —extend north-westward right across the entrance of Galway bay, lifting their highest ground 460 feet above sea-level and forming a strong natural protection to the bay against the furious western surges of the Atlantic. Numerous islets are sprinkled in intricacy athwart the head of Galway bay ; and the chief of them are called Mutton, Hare, and Tawna Islands, Meenish, and Elaneddy. The principal islands and islets in the crowded archipelago, between Cashleh bay and Slyne Head, are Garomna 4^ miles in length, Littermore 3^ miles in length, LittermuUen 2 miles in length, Innisbaraha 1 mile in length, Innistravin 1 mile in length, Annaghvaan 1 mile in length, lUanrura, m^nlrin, Dlanirach, Birr, Dynish, Furnish, Innisherk, Knappogh, Carricketra, Tynish 1^ mile in length, Mynish 1^ mile in length, Innisnooskery, Carrickmashin, Skird Rocks, Mason Island, Toneyall, Myle Rocks, Crunakarra, Crunakeel, Smithes Rock, Floor Rock, Fruhillan, Innishtrech, Innidackan, Innishnee 3 miles in length, Carrickcauly, Little Bellows, the Bellows Rocks, Carrickirk, Innisdaury, Fox Island, Hanora, and Duck Island. Innisboffin, 3| miles long and 2^ broad, lies 4^ miles west by north of Renvyle Point, or the extreme southern screen of the entrance of Killery Harbour ; and Innishark, 1| mile in length, lies j of a mile west-south-west of Innisboffin. The principal islands between Slyne Head on the south and Innisboffin and Innishark on the north, are Lyin, Innisdoogan, Clarks, Breakers, Knockatoorish, Tonterry, Muingcruton, Tarbert, Innisturk, Eshall, Grua, Omcy 1^ mile in length, High Ishmd, Friar Island, Oudda, Frughillaan, Innisbrooan, Black Rock, GlassiUaan, and Innisgort. Several islets and many rocks lie dose to the shore of Innisboffin. Innisbruan and a tiny group called the Cramp Islimds lie a4iaoent to Renvyle Point. Another tiny group, called the Innistegil Islands, lie in the mouth, or rather throat, of Killery Harbour. Freehill Island lies 2^ mUes north-west of the Innistegil itH^nAm Innisturk, 2^ miles in length, and 1| in breadth, lies 5 miles north-north-east of Innisboffin, and 7 miles west of Devlin Point. Innisdalla, Ballybeg Island, and Cahir Island, lie respecUvely 2^ miles south-east, 2 east, and 2^ east by north of Innisturk. Clare Island, 4^ miles in length, 2^ in breadth, and 1,457 feet in extreme altitude above sea-level, lies 5^ miles northnorth-west of Emlogh Point, and forms a strong natural breakwater at the entrance of Clew bay. Even the chief of the multitudinous isles and islets at the head of Clew bay are so many, that we most refer for the enumeration of them to the article on Clew bay in the body of our Work. Achillbeg, 1^ mile in length, lies closely ac^acent to the south-eastern extremity of Achill, and 2^ miles north by east of Clare Island. Achill— separated from the mainland partly by a very narrow and shallow strait, and partly by AchiU Sound or the south-eastern limb of Blacksod bay — ^measures 13| miles in the direction of west by south, and 11^ miles in the direction of north-north- west, and lifts the four principal summits of its wild and upland surface, Knockmore, Minnaun, Slievemore, and Croghan, to the altitude of respectively 1,119, 1,530, 2,217, and 2,222 feet above sealeveL Annagh Island and Innisbegil, respectively 2 miles and 1^ mile in length, lie in Achill 8oand. Davillaun, 1 mile in length, lies 2 miles south-south-west of the south-western extremity of the Mullet peninsula ; and Davillaunbeg, Gaughta, and Leamarcha Islands, lie between it and the mainland. A cluster of Skerries, called the Black Rock, lies 5^ miles west of Davillaun ; and a comparatiTely wide sprinkling of rocks, the chief of which is called Carricklaven, occurs between DaviOaon and South Inniskea. The southern extremity of South Inniskea lies 3 miles north-west of Davillaon ; the east shores of South and North Inniskea lie from 2 miles to 3} miles west of the Mnllei ; and theee two islands are mutually separated by a very narrow strait, and measure each 2 miles in length. The islets of Carrigee, Duffer, Inniskeeragh, Innisglora, 1 mile in length, and David^s Island, lie between North Inniskea and Erris Head. Kid Island, the Stags of Bruadhaven, Muck Island, and several other islets and rocks, lie in the vicinity of Ben wee Head. Illanmaster ^lyf Horse Idand lie near the shore between Ben wee Head and Downpatrick Head. Bartragh, a low and narrow island, 2| miles in length, lies in Killalla bay, opposite the town of Killalla. Derrineh islet Hes in Ardnaglass harbour. Magain's Island, Coney Island 1 mile in length, Black Bo^ the site of a lighthouse, the Wheaten Rocks, seen only in spring tides, and Bird Rock, lie

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 8

35. The Avoca's wooded mountain vale

    Avoca · town · Wicklow

    The River Avoca is celebrated for the exquisite combination of power and beauty found in its richly wooded mountain vale. It forms a very indifferent harbour at its mouth near Arklow.

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    The Liffey is a stream of brilliant beauty, and acquires fame from washing and bisecting the metropolis ; it rises on very lofty ground among the northern Wicklow mountains, describes a singularly circuitous course, and drains large districts of counties Wicklow, Kildare, and Dublin, and a small portion of co. Meath ; it is navigable for sea-borne vessels to Carlisle Bridge in Dublin^ and for boats over a distance of 3^ miles; and its principal tributaries are the Poddle, the Bradogue, the Camoe, and the Rye into its own current, and the Tolka and the Dodder into its estuary, the upper part of the bay of Dublin. — The Bray river possesses an entire basin of magni* ficent, grand, and romantic landscape ; it drains a small part of co. Wicklow, and a smaller one of CO. Dublin, and is occasionally navigable over J of a mile to the town of Bray ; and its principal tributaries are the Enniskerry, the Powerscourt, and the Qlencree rivulets. — The Tartry drains the larger part of the north-eastern section of co. Wicklow, but is remarkable chiefly for the wild grandeur of a portion of its scenery. — The Ovoca is celebrated for the exquisite combination of power with beauty in its richly wooded motintain vale ; it drains the central and south-eastern districts of CO. Wicklow, and forms at its embouchure a very indifferent harbour for the town of Arklow ; and its principal tributaries, or rather head streams, are the Avonmore, the Avonbeg, and the Derry or Aughrim. — ^The Slaney drains considerable portions of counties Wicklow and Carlow, and about one-half of co. Wexford ; it is navigable by sea-borne vessels up its estuaoy to the town of Wexford, and by small vessels up its own stream to Enniscorthy ; and its principal tributaries are the Little Slaaiey, the Derreen, the Derry, the Low, the Boro, the Win, the Bann, and the Cloady. The chief of several rivnlets on the south of co. Wexford, is the Corug, to the head of Bannow Harbour. — The river Barrow, and its main tributary the Nore, drain a pendicle of co, Tipperary, a large part of King's co., very nearly the whole of Queen's co., large districts of coun-^ ties Kildare and Carlow, the larger part of co. Kilkenny, and a considerable part of co. Wexford ; their united stream is navigable by sea-borne vessels of large burden 4;o New Boss; the Barroir itself is tidal and naturally navigable to St. Malins, and navigable, with artificial aid, to Athy, whence it is connected by canal with Dublin^ and its principal tributaries an; the Ownass, the Feagile, the Little Barrow, the Douglas, the Fishoge, and the Burrin ; and the Kore is tidal ta Innistiogue, and navigable by boats to Thomastown, and has for its principal tributaries the King's river, the Dinane river, and the Ballyduff, Dobbin's Mill, Jerpoint, and Thomastown rivulets. — The 9uir drains very nearly the whole of co. Tipperary, a large part of co. Waterford and a considerable part of co. Kilkenny ; it is navigable for large sea-borne vessels to Waterford, and for river craft to Clonmel ; and its principal tributaries are the Black river, the Aherlow, the Far, the Nier, the Honour, the Linane, the Blackwater, and the Barrow. The rivulets of co. Waterfoard east of Dungarvan Harbour, the chief of which are the Maghan and the Tay, are neither long nor kirgc. The Colligan and the Brickey jointly form an estoarial harbour at Dungarvan. The Blackwater is one of the largest and most beautiful rivers of Ireland ; it drains small parts of counties Limerick and Kerry, a very large proportion of co. Cork, and a considerable proportion of CO. Wateiford ; it is navigable for barges 12 miles, or to the mouth of the Bride, and navigable for lighters, as well as tidal, 20 miles, or to Lismore Canal ; and its principal tributaries are the Allua, the Awbeg, the Funcheon, the Arraglin, the Ounashade, the Finisk, the Bride, and the Lickey. The Castlemartyr and the Fenis rivulets possess no consequence. The Middleton river, which enters the north-east comer of Cork Harbour, is navigable 3 miles from the East Ferry to the town of Middleton ; and it receives the waters of the Ballinasloe, the Lisgoold, the Gurtaerue, and the Dungoumey, The Lee drains a large part of co. Cork ; is navigable for large sea-borne vessels to Cork, 12 miles from the mouth of Cork Harbour, and for boats 2 miles above Cork ; and its principal tributaries are the Dripsey, the Perrot, the Bride, the Blarney, and the Glanmire. The Carrigaline river forms a small but snug estuarial harbour within the west side of Cork Harbour, The Bandon river washes the towns of Dunmanway, Enniskeen, Bandon, Innishannon, and Kin^* sale ; and forms the fine, prolonged, estuarial harbour of Kinsale ; and its tributaries are the Cahir, the Black Cascades, and the Blackwater. The Arigadeen river is tidal about 4 miles trojoti Courtmacsherry, and navigable for craft of 30 or 40 tons to Timoleague, about 3 miles above Courtmacsherry, The Hen washes Skibbereen, and forms the estuarial harbour of Baltimore ; ami is navigable for boats and tidal one mile above Skibbereen, and navigable for vessels of burden to within 3 miles of the town. The Roaring- Water, the Skull, and the Four-mile- Water, are all trifling, except in connection with their large estuaries. The Dunemark, the Moyalt, and ther Comhola, which flow into the head of Bantry bay, are small mountain rivers ; and the first has,, close to its mouth, a somewhat celebrated water&ll. The Ruaghty or Roughty, which flows into the head of the Kenmare estuary, is navigable for large hookers to Roughty Bridge ; and it receives the waters of the Aughberg and the Cleady. The Blackwater, on the noi*th side of the Kenmaso

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 23

36. Ulster Canal connects Belturbet to Belfast and Newry

    Belturbet · town · Cavan · 1838

    The recently constructed Ulster canal was designed to connect the Blackwater and Lough Neagh with Lough Erne. This brought Belturbet, Belleek, and the surrounding country into water-communication with Belfast and Newry.

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    and connects Lough Neagh with the town of Newrj and the head of Lough Carlingford ; and, in 1637, its tonnage amounted to 102,332 tons, and its tolls to ;£3,505. The Tyrone navigation connects the collieries at Goal Island near Dungannon, with the river Blackwater and Lough Neagh ; it was constructed under grossly mistaken impressions of the value of the Tyrone coal-field ; and, in 1836, its tonnage amounted to 7,291 tons, only 718 of which were coals. The Lagan navigation connects Belfast with Lough Neagh ; and, including the river, the lake, and the Tyrone navigation, or from Belfast to Ck>al Island, it extends 61 miles. In 1836, the tonnage of this navigation was 44,700 tons, and the tolls amounted to £2,060 10s. 8d. A very important work, the Ulster canal, was quite recently constructed to connect the Blackwater and Lough Neagh with Lough Erne, and to bring Belturbet, Belleek, and all the country lying around and between them, into water-communication with Belfast and Newry ; and, in 1838, this canal was completed as far as to Monaghan, and promised to be a most useful work.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 63

37. Ulster Canal reaches Monaghan

    Monaghan · town · Monaghan · 1838

    The Ulster canal was constructed to connect the Blackwater and Lough Neagh with Lough Erne. By 1838, the canal had been completed as far as Monaghan and was expected to be a highly useful infrastructure project.

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    and connects Lough Neagh with the town of Newrj and the head of Lough Carlingford ; and, in 1637, its tonnage amounted to 102,332 tons, and its tolls to ;£3,505. The Tyrone navigation connects the collieries at Goal Island near Dungannon, with the river Blackwater and Lough Neagh ; it was constructed under grossly mistaken impressions of the value of the Tyrone coal-field ; and, in 1836, its tonnage amounted to 7,291 tons, only 718 of which were coals. The Lagan navigation connects Belfast with Lough Neagh ; and, including the river, the lake, and the Tyrone navigation, or from Belfast to Ck>al Island, it extends 61 miles. In 1836, the tonnage of this navigation was 44,700 tons, and the tolls amounted to £2,060 10s. 8d. A very important work, the Ulster canal, was quite recently constructed to connect the Blackwater and Lough Neagh with Lough Erne, and to bring Belturbet, Belleek, and all the country lying around and between them, into water-communication with Belfast and Newry ; and, in 1838, this canal was completed as far as to Monaghan, and promised to be a most useful work.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 63

38. Valley of the Roe called garden of the North

    near Balteagh · parish · Derry

    The parish of Balteagh, co. Londonderry, contains part of the luxuriant valley of the River Roe, hyperbolically termed the garden of the North. The surface consists partly of mountainous upland and partly of fertile arable grounds.

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    BALTEAGH, or Balltdaigh, a parish in the eastern half of the barony of Kenaught, 24 miles south-east of Newtownlimavaddy, co. Londonderry, Ulster. It contains the village ot' Drusisdrn : which see. Length, 6| miles; breadth, 5|; area, 11,505 acres, 2 roods, 21 perches. Pop., inlliSI, 3,315; in 1841,3,371. Houses £99. Pop. of the rural districts, in 1841, 3,242. Houses 573. The surface is part of the west side of the basin of the Roe ; contains part of the luxuriant valley of that river, not very hy^erbolically termed ** the garden of the North ; is bisected by the Balte^h rivulet ; ami consists partly of mountainous ujiland, partly of fertile arable grounds ; and, in a small degree, of shallow moss, covering pebbles of quartz. The roads from Newtownlimavaddy to Dungaunon and Crossferry run respectively southward along the western border, and eastward through the interior. — This parish is a rectory, and a separate benefice, in the dio. of Derry. Tithe composition, £373 18s. 6d. ; glebe, £100. Gross income, £473 18s. 6d. ; nett, £436 18s. 10|d. Patron, the diocesan. The church was built, in 1814. by means of a gift of £643 3s. Id. from the late Board of First Fruits, and received, in 1824, the addition of a gallery by means of a loan of £276 15s. 5.^d. from the Board. Sittings 150; attendance, from 80 to 100. A Presbyterian meeting-house in connexion with the General Assembly is attended by 180 in wmter, and 300 in summer. A Roman Catho-

    BAL

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 153

39. Almoritia parish church built 1815

    Ballymore · town · Westmeath · 1815–1834

    Almoritia parish, 2.5 miles north-north-east of Ballymore, Co. Westmeath, had its church built in 1815 by means of a loan from the late Board of First Fruits. A hedge-school, the only place of education in the parish, was attended by about 12 children in 1834.

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    Meatfa ; and, jointly with the rectory of Pierce^ TOWN, [which tee,] constitutes the benefice of Almoritia. Length, 5^ miles; breadth, 3. Tithe composition of Almoritia parish, jC70. Gross income of the benefice, £231 ; nett, £194 6s. Patron, the diocesan. The church was built in 1815, bj means of a loan of £553 16s. lid. from the late Board of First Fruits. Sittings 60; average at< tendance, between 30 and 40. The Roman Catholic chapel is at Ballinacurra in Piercetown. In 1834, the Protestants of Almoritia parish amounted to 16, and the Roman Catholics to 678; the Protestants of the union to 64, and the Roman Catholics to 1,731. A hedge-school, the only place of education in Almoritia, was, in 1834, attended by. no more than about 12 children.

    ALNAPEST, a short range of mountain, in the south' west comer of the barony of Raphoe, coi Donegal, Ulster. It forms part of the south screen of the river Finn, and of one of its affluents, and is situated 15 miles west by south of Lifford.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 112

40. Ancient church of Aghade of unascertainable date

    Aghade · townland · Carlow

    The parish church of Aghade, situated in the village, is so old that neither the date nor the cost of its erection can be determined. It seated 250 with an attendance of 170, many from neighbouring parishes.

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    AGHADE, a parish in the barony of Forth, 2| miles south of Tullow, co. Carlow, Leinster. Length, 2 miles; breadth, half-a-mile; area, 1,698 acres. Pop., in 1831, 368; in 1841, 521. Houses 89. The land, agjgregately viewed, is of but middling quality. — This parish is an impropriate curacy in the dio. of Leighlin ; but, jointly with the vicarage of Ballon, forms the benefice of Aghade. See Ballon. The tithes of the parish are compounded for £135; and belong, two-thirds to the incumbent, and one- third to Lord Downes. Gross income of the benefice, £170; nett, £106. Patron, the diocesan. The church of the union, situated in Aghade, is so old, that the date and cost of its erection are unascertainable. Sittings 250 ; attendance 170, — two-thirds of whom come from neighbouring parishes. The Roman Catholic chapel is averagely attended by about 660 of the inhabitants of the union. In 1834, the Roman Catholics of Aghad« amounted to 332, and of Ballon, to 1,406; and the Churchmen of both parishes, to 109. In Aghade are a pay-school, and a school salaried with £4 from the incumbent, and £8 from the society for Discountenancing Vice.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 112

41. Arigna iron mines at Lough Allen

    Arigna · electoral division · Leitrim

    Mines extending over the western side of Lough Allen in Leitrim and Roscommon produced about 2,340 tons of iron annually.

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    All the preceding were worked by the Mining Companj of Ireland; and the following were worked by other parties : — ^Moneypoint quarry, within 4 miles of Eilrush, on a cliff overhanging the Shannon, in co. Clare, produces a fine, hard, close-grained, gritty flag, varying from 1^ to 4 inches in thickness, and containing from 10 to 20 superficial feet, and it yielded about 60,000 yards per annum, worth £2,250 at the quarry; the Clounderlough quarry, at Cloonderlough bay. Lough Berg, co. Clare, produces a fine Bourdella marble, and was open only for specimens ; the lead mines near Ennis, co. Clare, were of unascertained condition ; the Rockfarm limestone quarries, situated on Little Island, opposite to West Passage, and thence a mile along the verge of the Cork river in co. Cork, annually produced 12,000 tons of manufactured, and 44,000 tons of rough limestone, the former worth 13s. per ton, and the latter worth Is. 4d. ; the Irish dove marble and limestone quarries at Carrigacrump near doyne, in co. Cork, produced 2,000 tons and upwards per annum, the value of which depended on the mode of manufacture ; the Allihies copper mine, near Castletown-Berehaven, in co. Cork, produced from 6,000 to 7,000 tons per annum, worth £9 per ton ; the Audley copper mine, near Skibbereen, in co. Cork, was of unascertained condition ; the Dromagh collieries, near Kanturk, co. Cork, were of unascertained condition ; the lead mines near Newtown- Ardes, in co. Down, were of unascertained condition ; the black marble quarry, situated chiefly bn the estate of Sir Valentine Blake, on the verge of Lough Corrib, in CO. Galway, produced about 1,000 tons per annum, worth from £1 to £% per ton at London and New York ; the quarry of very fine sienna and dove marble at Shannon Harbour, in co. Galway, was of unascertained condition ; the Yalentia quarry, on the Island of Yalentia, co. Kerry, yields 4t>ofing slate and flagging — the latter stronger, larger, and more handsome than almost any other flagging which even the London market can command, — and annually produced to the value of about £\ ,800 in flags, and ;£650 in slates ; the Castlecomer, Clough, and Newtown collieries, in co. Kilkenny, annu* ally produced 42,544 tons of coal, and 53,354 tons of cubn, the former worth from 15s. to 20s. per ton, and the latter from 48. to 5s. ; the Faroda colliery, in co. Kilkenny, produced 2,500 tons per annum, worth 6s. 8d. per ton ; the Callylihane, Wolf hill, Clogrenna, and Camafea collieries, in co. ' Kilkenny, produced 16,000 tons per annum, worth 4s. per ton ; the Rushes, Dromagh, TaUerton, Ardategle, and Courleane collieries, in co. Kilkenny, were, for the time, not worked ; the Clonmacnoise marble quarry, in King*s co., produces a shell-grey marble, variously tinted, and of a sound and useful description, but was of unascertained condition ; the Arigna mines, extending over the western side of Lough Allen, in counties Leitrim and Roscommon, produced about 2,340 tons of iron ; a quarry near the Askeaton road, about 7 miles from the city of Limerick, produces a fine maroon coloured marble, but had not been worked to any considerable extent ; Lyons, Ballysimon, and Guillogue quarries, in the vicinity of the city of Limerick, produce black marble in blocks of any size, but were of unascertained condition ; the Dromineer quarry, on the shores of Lough Derg, CO. Tipperary, produces a dove-coloured shell marble, in great quantity ; the Castlebegs quarry, on the shores of Lough Derg, co. Tipperary, produces a dull black marble, but was of unascertained condition ; the Slieveardagh collieries, near Killenaule, in co. Tipperary, annually produced 20,000 tons, worth 10s. per ton ; the Dromglass colliery, near Dungannon, in co. Tyrone, was of unascertained condition ; the Coal-Island colliery, near Dungannon, in co. Tyrone, was also of unascertained condition ; the Ballymurtagh copper mine, near Rathdrum, in co. Wicklow, annually produced from 5,000 to 6,000 tons, worth ;£4 per ton ; the Cronebane and Tygroney copper mines near Rathdrum in co. Wicklow, annually produced from 4,000 to 5,000 tons, worth £A per ton ; the Connoree copper mine near Rathdrum, in co. Wicklow, annually produced from 1,000 to 1,500 tons, worth £6 per ton ; the Ballygahan copper mine near Rathdrum, in co. Wicklow, annually produced from 200 to 300 tons, worth £A per ton ; the Glenmalure lead mine near Rathdrum, in CO. Wicklow, annually produced from 180 to 200 tons, i^rorth £15 per ton,

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 23

42. Athlone borough charter and castle precinct

    Athlone · town · Westmeath · 1606–1689

    The borough of Athlone, as defined by its governing charter, extended one and a half miles in every direction from the middle of the bridge over the Shannon, explicitly excluding the castle of Athlone and its precinct. The borough was first incorporated under James I.

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    Municipal Avoirs, jrc] — The limits of the borough, as descnbed by the governing charter, extend to ** all that whole circuit and extent of land and water, lying within the compass of one mile and a-half from the middle of the bridge over the Shannon, commf nly caHed the Bridge of Athlone, directly forth in a right line every way round, except the castle of Athlone and the precinct thereof.*' The boundaries, under the new arrangement, are greatly more limited, and include, on the Connanght aide, only the area between the canal and the Shannon, and on the Leinster side an irregularly heptagonal area of about 7 furlongs by less than ha>f-a-mile. The borough was first incorporated bv charter of 4 James L ; and it afterwards received charters of 16 and 17 James L, 17 and 25 Charles II., and 5 James II. The corporation, as constituted by charter, is called " The Sovereign, Bailifils, Burgesses, and Freemen, of the town of Athlone," and consists of a sovereign, 2 bailiflfs, 13 burgesses, one of whom is the constable of the castle, a recorder, a tOHHclerk, a sergeant-at-moce, and a bHlet-master. The circumstance of the town lying in two baronies, counties, and provinces, gives rise to* several jurisdictions within the borough, and cicGasions inconvenience and confusion in judicial administration. Quarter^essions for the division of Moate, which includes the Leinster town, are held fosr times »-vear at Moate; and for the division of Roscommon, which includes the Connaught town, are held twice a-year at Roscommon^ and twice a-yeaf at Athlone. Petty-sessions, presided over by countv magistrates, are held within both divisions of the boroagh ; but do not in general take cognisance of efifences committed within the jurisdiction of the corporation. Courts leet and baron arc authorised by charter of 27 Charles II., granted to Richard, Lord Ranelagh and bin heirs, to be held within the half quarter of land of Athlone, alias Beallagh ; but they have long been extinct, and even cannot be proved to have ever existed. The seneschal of the manor of Treyford, appointed by Lord Castlemain, and holding his court at Moate, claims jurisdiction over part of the Leinster to\iiv and entertains cases to the amount of £2 Irish. The sovereign of the borough, or bis deputy, sits at his oflSce, in his magisterial capacity, three times a-week ; he there decides upon questions of trespass,, servants* wages, and nuisances ; and he sends toe more serious offences to the assizes, and miner delinquencies to the (^rter- sessions. A borough court, which was presided over by the soveseign, and entertained claims to the amount of £5 Irish, ceased to be held about the year 1821. The sergeant-at-mace is the sole police force of the corporation. Borough constables were formerly appointed by the sovereign, but have been discontinued. Parties of the countv constabulary are stationed in the town, and obey the sovereign as a justice-of-the» peace. The corporation possesses no landed property. The average annual amount of their receipts from tolls, customs, pontage, murage, and all other sources, during 29 years, ending in 1832, was £300 19s. 7id. ; and their annual average expenditure £303 3s 1 |d. In 1841-2, their receipts were £401 ; expenditure, £261. The borough, previous to the union, sent two members to parliament ; and since then, it has sent one. Constituency, before the passing of the Reform act, 71 ; in 1835, 27 freemen, and 310 £10 householders; in 1841, 15 freemen, and 327 ^10 householders. Area of the town, 491 acres,— ol which 73 acres are water. Pop., in 1831, 11,406; in 1841, 6,393. Houses 974.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 145

43. Augustinian priory at Aughrim

    Aughrim · parish · Galway

    A priory for Augustinian canons is said to have been founded in the village of Aughrim during the 13th century by Theobald, the first Butler of Ireland. It is noted as a significant historical religious foundation in the parish.

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    AUGHRIM, a parish partly in the barony of Clonmacnoou, but chiefly in that of Kilconnel, co. Galway, Connaught. The Kilconnel section contains the village of Aughrim. Length, 3i miles ; breadth, 3. Area of the Clonmacnoon section, 2,021 acres ; of the Kilconnel section, 5,231 acres. Pop. of the whole, in 1831, 2,205; in 1841, 2,127. Houses 371. Pop. of the Clonmacnoon section, in 1831, 5(30 ; in 1841, 498. Houses 83. Pop. of the rural districts of the Kilconnel section, in 1831, 1,058; in 1841, 1,171. Houses 1 99. The village of Aughrim stands on the mail-road between Dublin and Galway, 29 miles east of Galway, and 3 south-west of Ballinaj*loe. Area, 47 acres. Pop., in 1831,587; in 1841, 4.58. Houses 89. In the village are a post-oflice, a dispensary, the parochial places of worship, and two or three of the parish schools. In 1839-40, the dispensary received £115 Is. 6d., expended £115 15s. 2^d., and administered to 1,701 patients. A priory is said to have been founded here, in the ISth century, for Augustinian canons, by Theobald, the first Butler of Ireland. A fair is held on Oct. 14; and in March, Sept-, and Dec. The village has a clean and comparatively snug appearance ; consists of various short streets, chiefly of cottages or cabins ; and borrows much ornament from the neat parish-church, and the embowered glebe house on its flank. Most of the land of the parish consists of light and indiflferent meadow and field pasture ; and part of this is reclaimed morass, low, flat, monotonous, and moist. Aughrim Bog, a little north-east of the village, is 1^ mile long, and comprises 685 English acres. " This bog," says Mr. Griffith, "is amongst the wettest I have ever met with, and the centre is nearly occupied with lakes; but there is ample fall for the discharge of the water, both to the north and south ;" and he estimates the expense of reclaiming it at £709 1 Is. 9d. — This parish in a rectory in the dio. of Clonfert. Tithe composition, £106 3s. Ofd. The rectories of Aughrim, Killaghton, and Kilgerril, and the vicarage of Killimore-Dalt, [see these articles,] constitute the benefice of Aughrim. Length, 5 miles ; breadth, 3. Gross income, £449 19s. 2|d. ; nett, ^'404 15s. 5|d. Patron, the diocesan. The church was built, in 1819, by means of a parochial assessment of £180, and a loan from the late Board of First Fruits of £1,384 12s. 3|d. Sittings 300; average attendance 150. Two meeting-houses, the one Wesleyan and the other Primitive Wesleyan, are attended by respectively 50 and 40. The Aughrim Roman Catholic chapel has an attendance of 550 ; and, jointly with Kilconnel chapel, is under the care of one ofliiciate. There are Roman Catholic chapels also in Killaghton and Killimore-Daly. In 1834, the Protestants of the parish amounted to 336, and the Roman Catholics to 2,029 ; the Protestants of the union to 482, and the Roman Catholics to 8,566 ; a Sunday school in the parish was attended by 40 children ; and 9 daily schools in the union had on their books 412 boys and 187 girls. Three of the daily schools were m the parish ; and one of these had £26 a-year from the London Wesleyan Missionary Society, and another £8 from the rector, and a graduated allowance irom the London Hibernian Society.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 147

44. Ballymacelligott parish landscape and mansions

    Ballymacelligott · townland · Kerry · 1824

    Ballymacelligott parish in Kerry lies along the Castleisland-Tralee road, which passes through a beautiful, luxuriant valley overlooked by the mansions of Rattany, Arbela, and Chute-Hall. The parish church was built in 1824 with a loan from the Board of First Fruits.

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    BALLYMACELLIGOTT, a parish in the barony of Trughenackmy, 4^ miles east-south-east of Tralee, co. Kerry, Munster. Length, 3.^ miles; breadth. 3 ; area, 14,018 acres. Pop., in 1831, 3,535 ; in 1841,4,058. Houses660. About one-third of the area is bog or coar^^e upland pasture ; and the remainder is variously third-rate, second-rate, and first-rate land. Two small river systems give the western and the eastern divisions respectively a westerly and a south-westerly exposure. The road from Castle- Island to Tralee traverses the interior ; and, while within the parochial limits, pusses along a beautiful and generally luxuriant valley, and is overlooked by the nian>ions of Rattany, Arbela, and Chute-Hall. — This parish is a rectory in the dio. of Ardfert and Aghadoe. Tithe composition, £336 18s. 5<I. ; glebe, £\5. The rectories of Ballymacelligott, Cur- RENH, and Nohotal-Kerry [see these articles], constitute the benefice of Ballymacelligott. Length and breadth, each 5 miles. Gross income, £49G lis 4d. ; nett, £429 14s. Ch\. Patron, the Crosbie ♦hmily of Ardfert Abbey. The church was built in 1824, by means of a loan of £64G 3s. Id. from the late Board of First Fruits. Sittings 250 ; attendance, KM) in winter and 180 in summer. Two Roman Catholic chapels have each an attendance of 900 ; and are served by one officiate. A Methodist meeting-house has an attendance of 50. In 1834, the Protestants of the jmrish amounted to 450, and the Roman Catholics to 3,656 ; the Protestants of the union to 465, and the Roman Catholics to 4,057 ; and 6 daily schools — 5 of which were in the parish, and one of these aided with £5 5s. a-year from the incumbent, and £14 from the Incorporated Society — had on their hooks 179 bovs and 101 girls.

    BALLYMACHrOH, a parish on the southern border of the barony of Clonmahon, and co. Cavan, ri>ter. Length, 3 miles ; breadth, 2| ; area, 7,728 acres, 2 roods, 3 perches, — of which 1,809 acres, 2 roo<ls, 34 perches are in Lough Sheelan, and 18 acres, 18 perrhc< are in small lakes. Pop., in 1831, 3,428; in 1841,3,518. Houses 595. It lies 5^ miles

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 152

45. Ballyronan port and trading village on Lough Neagh

    near Ballyronan · village · Derry

    Ballyronan stands on the west shore of Lough Neagh and serves as a port for Moneymore and the surrounding country. It has a distillery, a brewery, stores, and a quay, and trades by means of sloops with distant places reached through the ramified navigations leading out from Lough Neagh.

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    BALLYRONAN, a village on the eastern margin of the barony of LoughinshoUn, co Londonderry, Ulster. It stands on the west shore of Lough Neagh, 4 miles east of Moneymore. Its site is within the estate of the Salters' Company. It has a distillery, a brewery, stores, and a <juay ; serves as a port for Moneymore and the circumjacent country ; and trades, by means of sloops, with various distaint places which are reached by the ramified navigations leading out from Lough Neagh. Pop. not specially returned.

    BALLYROOSKY, a village in the parish of Clondavadock, barony of Kilmacrenan, co. Donegal, ULster. Area 10 acres. Pop., in I84I, 284. Houses 48.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 152

46. Ballysaggartmore demesne near Lismore

    Ballysaggartmore · electoral division · Waterford

    Ballysaggartmore is a beautiful demesne on the River Blackwater, formed not many years prior to the text's publication. Its plantations sweep round the heights and blend with the woods of Lismore Castle, contributing to the rich landscape.

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    BALLYSAGG ARTMORE, a beautiful demesne on the river Black water, a little above Lismorecastle, barony of Coshbride and Coshmore, co. Waterford, Munster. Its formation was commenced not many years ago; yet its plantations sheet the declivities of the ravines, sweep round the adjacent heights, blend with the woods of Lismore-castle, and contribute much warmth and beauty to the naturally rich and the highly embellished landscape around the city of Lismore. The demesne is the propertv of Arthur Keily, Esq. See Lismors. BALLYSAKEERY. See Bausakeery. BALLYSAX, a parish in the barony of East Ophaly, 2J miles south-west of Kilcullen Bridge, CO. Kildare, Leinstcr. Length, 5^ miles; breadth, 3^ ; area, 7,207 acres, 2 roods, 3 perches. Pop., in 1831, 996; in 1841, 1,220. Houses 194. A section, con>i!<tiiig of the townlands of Ballyfair, Ballysax- Plain, Ballysax- Hills, Great Ballysax, Little Ballysax, Great Brownstown, and Little Brownstown, formerly belonged to West Ophaly, but was transferred by the Act of 6 and 7 William IV., to East Ophaly. Pop. of that section ; in 1841, 819. The soil consists chiefly of limestone gravel of a fair quality for tillage ; but all the south-west comer is tilled with a section of Maddenstown bog. 'i'be highest ground occurs toward the south, and has an altitude, of 385 feet. All the northern district, to the extent of 2,441 acres, 1 rood, 30 perches, is part of the celebrated racing-ground, and fine undulated down, called the Curragb, See Gurragh. Several of the lodges connected with the racing-groimd are in Ballysax ; and the seats of Maddenstown, Bohergo^, Ballysax- House, and Ballysax- Lodge, are situated m

    the south This parish is a rectory, and a separate

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 152

47. Calp and shale division on the Sligo coast

    Benbulbin · mountain or mountain range · Sligo

    The geological calp and shale division is best exhibited along the west coast of Leitrim and Sligo, specifically in the stretch between Ballyshannon and Benbulbin.

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    In the calp series, a black argillaceous limestone, to which the name of calp was given by Afr. Kirwan, alternates with black shale, and contains flattened spheroids of pyritous clay ironstono. '^ In some districts the lower beds of this series consist of alternations of sandstone, shale, and limestone, more or less pure ; in others, the sandstone is wanting, but the upper beds in all consist of thin alternating beds of impure limestone and shale. In some localities, the lower beds, in addition to the sandstone and shale, contain indications of carbonaceous matter ; and impure beds of coal, varjring in thickness from half an inch to two inches, have been observed ; which circumstance, as in the case of the yellow sandstone, has led to many fruitless trials for coal. The thickness of the calp series, where fully developed, is very considerable ; on the north-west coast of co. Leitrim, it exceeds 1,700 feet, though in co. Cavan, between Belturbet and Ballyconnel, it is not more than 400 feet. In some districts, the upper members of the lower limestone alternate with beds of dark bluish grey shale, and thus graduate so imperceptibly into the calp or black shale division, that it is impossible to draw a precise line between them ; while in others the division is so distinctly marked, that the boundary may at once be clearly defined. In flat countries where the gradation is usually insensible, the first decided indication is the occurrence of beds of black shale, containing baUs or flattened spheroids of clay ironstone ; these beds are usually interstratified with the black or dark bluish grey argillaceous limestone, similar to that which occurs in abundance in the neighbourhood of Dublin. This division is much more fully developed in the northern districts of the carboniferous limestone, than in the midland or southern ; and it was solely from the clear exhibition of their strata as seen in the precipitous clifls of the remarkable carboniferous mountain district of the counties of Sligo, Fermanagh, Cavan, Leitrim, and Roscommon, that the subdivision of the series has been attempted. This district, which is unique in Ireland, and which bears a striking resemblance in character as well as composition, to the carboniferous mountain districts of Derbyshire, north-west of Yorkshire and Cumberland, exhibits in perfection the whole of the carboniferous limestone, as well as the millstone grit series of Ireland. The calp and shale division is perhaps best developed on the west coast of the counties of Leitrim and SUgo, between Ballyshannon and Benbulben. In this line of section the strata dip to the southward, at an angle of from 2^ to 5^ from the horizon. The lower limestone of Ballyshannon is succeeded by beds of black shale, containing baUs of clay ironstone, interstratified with impure argillaceous limestone ; these beds continue as far as the parallel of Bundoran, where they are succeeded by a series of alternations of grey, and occasionally reddish-grey, sandstone and black shale, with argillaceous limestone. Some of the sandstone beds contain casts of cala^ mites enveloped in coaly matter ; and some thin but irregular beds of coal have been observed, though none worth working have been discovered; and, from the nature of the country, it is improbable that such do exist. These beds are succeeded by alternations of black shale, with

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 23

48. Calp series thickness in Cavan

    Belturbet · town · Cavan

    The calp series of black argillaceous limestone and shale is notably thin in County Cavan, measuring only about 400 feet thick between the towns of Belturbet and Ballyconnell.

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    In the calp series, a black argillaceous limestone, to which the name of calp was given by Afr. Kirwan, alternates with black shale, and contains flattened spheroids of pyritous clay ironstono. '^ In some districts the lower beds of this series consist of alternations of sandstone, shale, and limestone, more or less pure ; in others, the sandstone is wanting, but the upper beds in all consist of thin alternating beds of impure limestone and shale. In some localities, the lower beds, in addition to the sandstone and shale, contain indications of carbonaceous matter ; and impure beds of coal, varjring in thickness from half an inch to two inches, have been observed ; which circumstance, as in the case of the yellow sandstone, has led to many fruitless trials for coal. The thickness of the calp series, where fully developed, is very considerable ; on the north-west coast of co. Leitrim, it exceeds 1,700 feet, though in co. Cavan, between Belturbet and Ballyconnel, it is not more than 400 feet. In some districts, the upper members of the lower limestone alternate with beds of dark bluish grey shale, and thus graduate so imperceptibly into the calp or black shale division, that it is impossible to draw a precise line between them ; while in others the division is so distinctly marked, that the boundary may at once be clearly defined. In flat countries where the gradation is usually insensible, the first decided indication is the occurrence of beds of black shale, containing baUs or flattened spheroids of clay ironstone ; these beds are usually interstratified with the black or dark bluish grey argillaceous limestone, similar to that which occurs in abundance in the neighbourhood of Dublin. This division is much more fully developed in the northern districts of the carboniferous limestone, than in the midland or southern ; and it was solely from the clear exhibition of their strata as seen in the precipitous clifls of the remarkable carboniferous mountain district of the counties of Sligo, Fermanagh, Cavan, Leitrim, and Roscommon, that the subdivision of the series has been attempted. This district, which is unique in Ireland, and which bears a striking resemblance in character as well as composition, to the carboniferous mountain districts of Derbyshire, north-west of Yorkshire and Cumberland, exhibits in perfection the whole of the carboniferous limestone, as well as the millstone grit series of Ireland. The calp and shale division is perhaps best developed on the west coast of the counties of Leitrim and SUgo, between Ballyshannon and Benbulben. In this line of section the strata dip to the southward, at an angle of from 2^ to 5^ from the horizon. The lower limestone of Ballyshannon is succeeded by beds of black shale, containing baUs of clay ironstone, interstratified with impure argillaceous limestone ; these beds continue as far as the parallel of Bundoran, where they are succeeded by a series of alternations of grey, and occasionally reddish-grey, sandstone and black shale, with argillaceous limestone. Some of the sandstone beds contain casts of cala^ mites enveloped in coaly matter ; and some thin but irregular beds of coal have been observed, though none worth working have been discovered; and, from the nature of the country, it is improbable that such do exist. These beds are succeeded by alternations of black shale, with

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 23

49. Carboniferous limestone at Carlow in the Barrow valley

    Carlow · townland · Carlow

    In the valley of the Barrow at Carlow, the whole carboniferous limestone series of the south is clearly developed. Notably, the calp or black shale division appears to be absent, and the upper limestone rests directly on the black marble beds of the lower limestone.

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    of Ireland. The first position in which it occurs, and where it presents the usual characters of the series, is surrounding the Leinster and Tipperarj coal districts in the Queen*s county and the counties of Garlow, Kilkenny, and Tipperary. < In the valley of the Barrow at Carlow, where the whole carboniferous limestone series of the south is clearly developed, it would appear that the calp, or black shale division is wanting, and that the upper limestone rests directly on the black marble beds of the lower. The upper limestone of the Queen*s county and the county of Kilkenny is characterized by the number and size of the caverns it contains, the most remarkable of which are the Great Cave of Dunmore, situated on the edge of the Leinster coal district, 8 miles north of Kilkenny ; and of Clopocke, 5 miles south of Stradbally, in the Queen's county. The upper limestone also occurs, underlying the anthracitous coal district of the counties of Glare, Limerick, Kerry, and Cork. Its distinctive characters are clearly developed at Foynes, adjoining the river Shannon in the county of Limerick, close to the eastern boundary of the coal country. In this locality the strata present numerous mural precipices, and the upper beds contain in abundance layers and insulated masses of homstone. Organic remains occur, though less abundantly than usual ; but no dependence can be placed on them, owing to their being common to the lower as well as to the upper series. It is doubtiul whether or not the upper limestone occurs in the valley of the river Blackwater, along the southern boundary of the Cork coal district, and from thence westward to Killamey ; in that direction the strata are so much disturbed, that it is nearly impossible to determine either the dip or the strike. It seems probable that the strata of the coal formation rest unconformably on the lower limestone, that the upper is wanting in the valley of the river, and that the usual disturbance and derangement of the strata have been occasioned by a fault occurring in the line of the river, which, for the most part, forms the boundary between the limestone and the coal formation."

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 23

50. Clopocke cave near Stradbally, Queen's County

    Stradbally · town · Laois

    A cave at Clopocke, located five miles south of Stradbally in the Queen's County (County Laois), is noted as one of the most remarkable caverns occurring in the upper limestone that characterises the Leinster coal district region.

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    of Ireland. The first position in which it occurs, and where it presents the usual characters of the series, is surrounding the Leinster and Tipperarj coal districts in the Queen*s county and the counties of Garlow, Kilkenny, and Tipperary. < In the valley of the Barrow at Carlow, where the whole carboniferous limestone series of the south is clearly developed, it would appear that the calp, or black shale division is wanting, and that the upper limestone rests directly on the black marble beds of the lower. The upper limestone of the Queen*s county and the county of Kilkenny is characterized by the number and size of the caverns it contains, the most remarkable of which are the Great Cave of Dunmore, situated on the edge of the Leinster coal district, 8 miles north of Kilkenny ; and of Clopocke, 5 miles south of Stradbally, in the Queen's county. The upper limestone also occurs, underlying the anthracitous coal district of the counties of Glare, Limerick, Kerry, and Cork. Its distinctive characters are clearly developed at Foynes, adjoining the river Shannon in the county of Limerick, close to the eastern boundary of the coal country. In this locality the strata present numerous mural precipices, and the upper beds contain in abundance layers and insulated masses of homstone. Organic remains occur, though less abundantly than usual ; but no dependence can be placed on them, owing to their being common to the lower as well as to the upper series. It is doubtiul whether or not the upper limestone occurs in the valley of the river Blackwater, along the southern boundary of the Cork coal district, and from thence westward to Killamey ; in that direction the strata are so much disturbed, that it is nearly impossible to determine either the dip or the strike. It seems probable that the strata of the coal formation rest unconformably on the lower limestone, that the upper is wanting in the valley of the river, and that the usual disturbance and derangement of the strata have been occasioned by a fault occurring in the line of the river, which, for the most part, forms the boundary between the limestone and the coal formation."

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 23

51. Franciscan friary founded at Corrick in 15th century

    Corick · townland · Tyrone · 1400–1499

    A Franciscan friary was founded in the 15th century at Corrick in the parish of Badony Upper, County Tyrone. Some vestiges also remain of an ancient castle in the parish. Archdall recorded a tradition that St. Patrick founded the church of Both-dhomnaigh in the valley of Colann-aicle.

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    B ADO NY, or Bodony Upper, a parish in the barony of Strabane, 6^ miles north-e&st of Newtown- Stewart, CO. Tyrone, Ulster. Length, 14 miles; breadth, 3; area, 38,288 acres, 1 rood, 25 perches, — of which 150 acres, 2 rootU, 9 perches are water. Pop, in 1 an, 5,715; in 1841, 5,822. Houv^s 1,071. Tiie surface is chietly mountainous, and the land of poor q^iality. Cattle and horses are numerously reared arxi pastured on the uplands. Most of the small farmers, as in adjoining parishes, are linen weavers. Some vestiges remain of an ancient castle. A Franciscan friary was founded in the 15th century, at

    Corrick The original parish of Badony — a name cor-

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 147

52. George Farquhar, comic dramatist, native of Ballyshannon

    Ballyshannon · town · Donegal

    George Farquhar, the noted comic dramatist, was a native of Ballyshannon. The text records this as a notable association between the town and a literary figure.

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    reeve and free burgesses ; it became a elote borough long before the union ; it was wielded at will first by the Connolly family, and next by the Earl of Belmore ; and when it was disfranchised at the extinction of the Irish parliament, the Earl received the whole of the £15,000 of compensation. Certain lands are spoken of by tradition as having been borough property ; but no evidence exists to authenticate or even countenance the claim. Two open spaces of no great extent, the one the site of the barrack, and the other used as the fair green, are still called commons. The very quondam existence of the corporation is now almost totally forgotten by the inhabitants. A seneschal's court — apparently created by a charter granting large possessions to Henry Ffolliott^ Baron of Ballyshannon, in 1622 — is held under the lord of the manor, and has jurisdiction within the town, and without it, about two miles in one direction and somewhat less in another, to the amount of 40s. — Bally shannon appears from its history to have been scourged witli many of the feuds which, in former times, arose from the unsettled condition of the country ; and it has still a fragment of the ancient castle of the Earls of T^rconnel, who were long chieftains of a large circumjacent district. George Farquhar, the comic dramatist, was a native. About a mile from the town stand the ruins of the abbey of Asheroe, by the side of a limpid stream, and crowning a very curious limestone rock. Area of the town, 352 acres ; of which 180 acres are in the Kilbarron section. Pop., in 1831, 3,775; in 1841, 4,307. Houses 597. Pop. of the Kilbarron section, in 1831, 2,385 ; in 1841, 2,423. House8409.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 153

53. Limerick pasture land valued highest in Ireland

    Limerick · city · Limerick

    Pasture land in Limerick commanded the highest agricultural land values in Ireland, averaging £3 8s. per Irish acre, as reported in Wakefield's survey of agricultural conditions.

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    " The tenure of landed property in Ireland differs, in one respect, very considerably from that by which land is held in Englaud ; for, with but two exceptions, there arc no manorial rights in Ireland. The income of estates varies very much — from the lowest value to upwards of £100,000 per annum. There are several estates of upwards of 60,000 acres. It was formerly a common practice, to grant leases for ever, or for 999 years, or renewable for lives on a payment of a certain fine. Hence the property of very extensive estates at present, is vested in those who receive very little rent from them. In Ireland landlords never erect buildings on their estates, nor expend any thing in repairs ; and the leases, in general, contain very few clauses. Six months credit is generally given on the rents, which renders the tenant very dependent on the landlord. In many leases the tenant is bound, besides paying his rent, to labour for his landlord at an inferior rate of wages. The system of what are called * middle men,' prevails very much in Ireland : these are persons who rent land from the proprietors, and let them again to the real occupiers. Sometimes there are several renters between the landlord and the occupier ; and the latter is answerable, not only for the rent to the person under whom he directly holds, but also for the rent due by each renter to the person above him, and by the first renter to the proprietor. This system arises from the poverty of the Irish farmers in general ; but it evidently not only proceeds from poverty, but tends to increase it. The leases commonly granted, are 61 years and lives — 31 years and lives — 31 years — 21 years and lives — and 21 years. In some counties, according to Mr. Wakefield, the green, or cultivated acres, average from £2 lOs. to £^ 88. ; the latter is the case with the pasture land of Limerick, whereas the green acres in Mayo and Fermanagh do not average above £l 6»^ OT £1 7s. Id. Irish money per Irish acre. In some parts of Ireland the value of estates is at 30 years' purchase ; in general it does not exceed 20 ; and in some places it is not more than 16 or 18.*'

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 26

54. Lough Gara's beautiful outline

    near Lough Gara · lake or lakes · Roscommon

    Lough Gara lies on the mutual borders of counties Roscommon, Mayo, and Sligo. It has a singularly beautiful outline and possesses some extent of interesting shore, yet fails to produce a generally pleasing effect.

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    Loogh Melvin, on the mutual borders of counties Leitrim and Fermanagh, is partly overhung by the Dartry mountains, and partly bounded by low, rocky, moorish grounds ; and, with the aid of a few wooded islets, it presents, on the whole, an agreeable appearance. Loughs Macnean, Upper and Lower, on the mutual borders of counties Leitrim, Cavan, and Fermanagh, are wild sheets of water, cradled amidst a region of brilliant highland scenery. Lough Oughter, in oo. Gavan, and in the channel or river-course of the Upper Erne, is a singularly intricate and almost labyrinthine intermixture of water with bold headlands, deep, projecting, wooded peninsulas, and large fertile islands. Lough Key, in the north of co. Roscommon, and in the river-course of the Boyle, is a luscious sheet of water, gemmed with beautiful islands, and zoned with fertile and ornate grounds. Lough Gara, on the mutual borders of counties Roscommon, Mayo, and Sligo, has a singulariy beautiful outline, and possesses some extent of interesting shore, yet fails to produce a generally pleasing effect. Lough Arrow, partly on the boundary between Roscommon and Sligo, but chiefly within the latter county, is studded with some beautiful islands, and surrounded with not uninteresting shores. Lough Gill, partly on the mutual border of Leitrim and Sligo, but chiefly within the latter county, has some charming islands, is surrounded by bold and singularly varied mountain ranges, and has been pronounced inferior in scenery only to the lakes of Killamey. Lough Dereveragh, in co. Westmeath, is a beautiful and comparatively large sheet of water. Lough Owhel, a little south of Lough Dereveragh, is a limpid lake, fed by internal springs, and affording to the Royal Canal its main supply of water. Lough Iron, in co. West* meath, and a little north-west of Lough Owhel, has, in general, flat and boggy shores. Lough Eonel, in oo. Westmeath, and south of Lough Owhel, is languishingly beautiful Lough Sheelin, on the mutual border of counties Meath, Westmeath, and Cavan, but chiefly within the last of these counties, is a beautiful though only third-rate expanse of water, greatly adorned on its north shores by recent georgic and park improvements. Lough Ganny, Gaiinagh, or Gouna, on the mutual border of counties Longford and Cavan, forms the young Erne by its superfluent waters, and has been pronounced the most beautiful of the Leinster lakes. Lough Ramor, in the southeast of 00. Cavan, is beautified with several wooded islets, and has considerably varied shores. The CootehiH lakes, on the mutual border of counties Cavan and Monaghan, are replete with luscious beanty, and completely screened with highly embellished demesnes. Lough Derg, in the southeast eomer of co. Donegal, is a gloomy mountain lake, remarkable for St. Patrick*B Purgatory on one of its dismal islets. Lough Esk, in the south of Donegal, is a pleasant and ornate sheet of water, of medium character between highland and lowland. Lough Veagh, a little north of the eeatre of co. Donegal, is a magnificent though not large mountain lake. Lough Carrowmore, in the north-east of co. Mayo, is a dreary expanse of water, amidst a vast region of wild moorlands. Loughs Bray, in the north of co. Wicklow, are mere loughlets, remarkable for the great elevation at which they lie, and the sublime scenery in which they are cradled. The lakes of Glendalough, near the centre of co. Wicklow, are noticeable, not strictly on their own account, but in associatioo with the many and singular architectural ruins of their small and savagely wild %len. The lakes of Inchegeelagh or Allua, in the west of co. Cork, have an agreeable mountain character. Lougfa Gougane Barra, on the western margin of co. Cork, a few miles west of the lakes of Inche* geehgh, is a loughlet of the most thrilling mountain romance. The lakes of Carra, Upper and Lower, in the west of co. Kerry, lie in a wild and beautiful glen, and have, for a number of years past, commanded the attention of many visitors to the lakes of Killamey. Lough Currane, on the coast of Ballinaskelligs bay in co. Kerry, has a mingled character of mooriehncss and moun* tain might.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 23

55. Upper limestone cliffs at Foynes, Limerick

    Foynes · town · Limerick

    The distinctive characters of the upper limestone are clearly developed at Foynes on the River Shannon in County Limerick, close to the eastern boundary of the coal country. The strata present numerous mural precipices, with upper beds containing abundant layers and masses of hornstone.

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    of Ireland. The first position in which it occurs, and where it presents the usual characters of the series, is surrounding the Leinster and Tipperarj coal districts in the Queen*s county and the counties of Garlow, Kilkenny, and Tipperary. < In the valley of the Barrow at Carlow, where the whole carboniferous limestone series of the south is clearly developed, it would appear that the calp, or black shale division is wanting, and that the upper limestone rests directly on the black marble beds of the lower. The upper limestone of the Queen*s county and the county of Kilkenny is characterized by the number and size of the caverns it contains, the most remarkable of which are the Great Cave of Dunmore, situated on the edge of the Leinster coal district, 8 miles north of Kilkenny ; and of Clopocke, 5 miles south of Stradbally, in the Queen's county. The upper limestone also occurs, underlying the anthracitous coal district of the counties of Glare, Limerick, Kerry, and Cork. Its distinctive characters are clearly developed at Foynes, adjoining the river Shannon in the county of Limerick, close to the eastern boundary of the coal country. In this locality the strata present numerous mural precipices, and the upper beds contain in abundance layers and insulated masses of homstone. Organic remains occur, though less abundantly than usual ; but no dependence can be placed on them, owing to their being common to the lower as well as to the upper series. It is doubtiul whether or not the upper limestone occurs in the valley of the river Blackwater, along the southern boundary of the Cork coal district, and from thence westward to Killamey ; in that direction the strata are so much disturbed, that it is nearly impossible to determine either the dip or the strike. It seems probable that the strata of the coal formation rest unconformably on the lower limestone, that the upper is wanting in the valley of the river, and that the usual disturbance and derangement of the strata have been occasioned by a fault occurring in the line of the river, which, for the most part, forms the boundary between the limestone and the coal formation."

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 23

56. Valentia slate and flag quarry

    near Valencia Island · island or archipelago · Kerry

    A quarry on Valentia Island yielded roofing slate and high-quality flagging. It annually produced about £1,800 worth of flags and £650 in slates.

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    All the preceding were worked by the Mining Companj of Ireland; and the following were worked by other parties : — ^Moneypoint quarry, within 4 miles of Eilrush, on a cliff overhanging the Shannon, in co. Clare, produces a fine, hard, close-grained, gritty flag, varying from 1^ to 4 inches in thickness, and containing from 10 to 20 superficial feet, and it yielded about 60,000 yards per annum, worth £2,250 at the quarry; the Clounderlough quarry, at Cloonderlough bay. Lough Berg, co. Clare, produces a fine Bourdella marble, and was open only for specimens ; the lead mines near Ennis, co. Clare, were of unascertained condition ; the Rockfarm limestone quarries, situated on Little Island, opposite to West Passage, and thence a mile along the verge of the Cork river in co. Cork, annually produced 12,000 tons of manufactured, and 44,000 tons of rough limestone, the former worth 13s. per ton, and the latter worth Is. 4d. ; the Irish dove marble and limestone quarries at Carrigacrump near doyne, in co. Cork, produced 2,000 tons and upwards per annum, the value of which depended on the mode of manufacture ; the Allihies copper mine, near Castletown-Berehaven, in co. Cork, produced from 6,000 to 7,000 tons per annum, worth £9 per ton ; the Audley copper mine, near Skibbereen, in co. Cork, was of unascertained condition ; the Dromagh collieries, near Kanturk, co. Cork, were of unascertained condition ; the lead mines near Newtown- Ardes, in co. Down, were of unascertained condition ; the black marble quarry, situated chiefly bn the estate of Sir Valentine Blake, on the verge of Lough Corrib, in CO. Galway, produced about 1,000 tons per annum, worth from £1 to £% per ton at London and New York ; the quarry of very fine sienna and dove marble at Shannon Harbour, in co. Galway, was of unascertained condition ; the Yalentia quarry, on the Island of Yalentia, co. Kerry, yields 4t>ofing slate and flagging — the latter stronger, larger, and more handsome than almost any other flagging which even the London market can command, — and annually produced to the value of about £\ ,800 in flags, and ;£650 in slates ; the Castlecomer, Clough, and Newtown collieries, in co. Kilkenny, annu* ally produced 42,544 tons of coal, and 53,354 tons of cubn, the former worth from 15s. to 20s. per ton, and the latter from 48. to 5s. ; the Faroda colliery, in co. Kilkenny, produced 2,500 tons per annum, worth 6s. 8d. per ton ; the Callylihane, Wolf hill, Clogrenna, and Camafea collieries, in co. ' Kilkenny, produced 16,000 tons per annum, worth 4s. per ton ; the Rushes, Dromagh, TaUerton, Ardategle, and Courleane collieries, in co. Kilkenny, were, for the time, not worked ; the Clonmacnoise marble quarry, in King*s co., produces a shell-grey marble, variously tinted, and of a sound and useful description, but was of unascertained condition ; the Arigna mines, extending over the western side of Lough Allen, in counties Leitrim and Roscommon, produced about 2,340 tons of iron ; a quarry near the Askeaton road, about 7 miles from the city of Limerick, produces a fine maroon coloured marble, but had not been worked to any considerable extent ; Lyons, Ballysimon, and Guillogue quarries, in the vicinity of the city of Limerick, produce black marble in blocks of any size, but were of unascertained condition ; the Dromineer quarry, on the shores of Lough Derg, CO. Tipperary, produces a dove-coloured shell marble, in great quantity ; the Castlebegs quarry, on the shores of Lough Derg, co. Tipperary, produces a dull black marble, but was of unascertained condition ; the Slieveardagh collieries, near Killenaule, in co. Tipperary, annually produced 20,000 tons, worth 10s. per ton ; the Dromglass colliery, near Dungannon, in co. Tyrone, was of unascertained condition ; the Coal-Island colliery, near Dungannon, in co. Tyrone, was also of unascertained condition ; the Ballymurtagh copper mine, near Rathdrum, in co. Wicklow, annually produced from 5,000 to 6,000 tons, worth ;£4 per ton ; the Cronebane and Tygroney copper mines near Rathdrum in co. Wicklow, annually produced from 4,000 to 5,000 tons, worth £A per ton ; the Connoree copper mine near Rathdrum, in co. Wicklow, annually produced from 1,000 to 1,500 tons, worth £6 per ton ; the Ballygahan copper mine near Rathdrum, in co. Wicklow, annually produced from 200 to 300 tons, worth £A per ton ; the Glenmalure lead mine near Rathdrum, in CO. Wicklow, annually produced from 180 to 200 tons, i^rorth £15 per ton,

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 23

57. 1388 market and fair grant at Ballymore

    Ballymore · town · Westmeath · 1388

    In 1388 Theobald de Vernon, lord of the manor of Ballymore, obtained a grant of a weekly market and an annual fair of fifteen days' continuance.

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    BALLYMORE, a market and post town, chiefly in the above parish, and partly in that of Killare, barony of Rathconrath, co. Westmeath, Leinster. It stands on the road between Athlone and Mullingar, about 12 miles west-south-west of Mullingar, and 50 west by north of Dublin. Area of the town, 94 acres ; of which 23 acres are in Killare. Pop., in 1831, 663; in 1841, 574. Houses 107. Pop. of the Killare section, in 1831, 153; in 1841, 181. Houses 29. It is a long, irregular, ill-built town, remarkable only for some historical associations, and for its horse and cattle fairs. In 1388, Theobald de Vernon, lord of the manor, obtained a grant of a weekly market, and of an annual fair of 15 days* continuance. A market is now held on Saturday ; and fairs are held on Whitmonday, and Oct. 14^ In the cemetery attached to the parish-church is a decayed chapel, the ancient place of sepulture of the Magan family of Emo and Togherstown ; and around the cemetery is a double and very ornamental line of elm trees. In 1642, the town was garrisoned by the royalists under Sir James Dillon; and, on the approach of the parliamentarian army, it was burnt and abandoned by Sir James. It was fortified anew for James II., underwent a^ siege from General de Ginkle, and made a stout resistance ; but, on Jane 8th, 1691, its garrison surrendered at discretion; and, on the conclusion of a peace, its fortifications were destroyed. Ballymore, with an extensive drcurojacent territory, was, after the settlement of the Anglo-Normans, assigned to Sir Theobald de Verdun, in right of his wife, Margaret, eldest daughter of Walter de Lacy, lord of Meath; and it after* wards passed by marriage into the possession of Englishmen who resided m their own country. In consequence of the absence of these proprietors, the estates around the town, and at some distance from it, were seized by the septs of D* Alton, Dillon, 0*Melaghlin, and Macgeoghegan. In 1600, Sir Francis Shaen was in |>osses8ion of the town and

    BAL

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 152

58. All-Saints parish and Newtowncunningham village

    Newtowncunningham · town · Donegal · 1734–1841

    All-Saints parish in the barony of Raphoe, Co. Donegal, lies 6 miles west of Londonderry and contains the village of Newtowncunningham. The church was built previous to 1734, and the parish supported Presbyterian, Roman Catholic, and Established Church congregations.

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    ALL-SAINTS, a parish in the barony of Raphoe, CO. Donegal, Ulster. It lies 6 miles west of Londonderry ; and contains the village of Newtown- Contngham: which see. Length, 7 miles ; breadth, upwards of 4; area, 9,674 acres. Pop., in 1831, 4.172; in 1841, 4,280. Houses 711. Pop. of the rural districts, in 1841, 4,094. Houses 682. The western frontier is part of the shore of Lough Swilty. The land of the parish is, in general, very ^ood ; the soil is productive, and experiences some improvement in cultivation ; and such bogs as exist are beneficial for fuel. — This parish is ecdesiastirally viewed as pert of the parish of Taiwhboyne ; yet forms a perpetual curacy in the dio. of Raphoe. Gross income, £105 1 Is. 4a ; nett, £89 5s. Patron, the incumbent of Taughboyne. The church was built previous to 1734; but at what cost is not known. Sittings 250 ; average attendance 90. Two meeting-houses of the General Assembly, the one formerly Secessional, and the other of the Synod of rUter, are attended by respectively 400 and 180. The Roman Catholic chapel has an attendance of 1 ,040 ; and is officiated in on every alternate Sunday by one of two clergymen, who officiate also in the chapels of Taughboyne and Raymoghy. In 1834, 762 of the inhabitants were members of the Established church, 1,784 were Presbyterians, and 1,596 were Roman Catholics. In the same year, 5 day-schools — one of which was aided with £20 annually from subscription, and another with £2 from subscription and £11 Is. 6d. from Robinson's benefaction — had on their books 116 boys and 63

    firls ; and a Sunday school had 24 boys and 16 girls, n 1840, the National Board had a school at Newtown-Conyngham.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 112

59. Antrim parish church built 1596, enlarged 1810

    near Antrim · town · Antrim · 1596–1810

    The parish church of Antrim, an edifice with small Gothic windows, was built in 1596 at an unknown cost and enlarged in 1810 using a donation from Lord Ferrard and a loan from the late Board of First Fruits.

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    1841,1,550. Houses S65. Area of the rural districts of the Upper Antrim section, 5,253 acres. Pop. of these distncts, in 1831. 1,607; in 1841, 1,667. Houses 306. Antrim bay, which forms the north-east horn of Lough Neagh, makes an inward curvature along all the south-west boundary; and 8ix-mile- Water, which separates Upper Antrim from Lower Massarene, traces all the southern boundary. But while most of the parochial surface declines to the inland sea and the Six-mile- Water, part is drained to them by independent brooks, and part impinges westward on the basin of the Maine. The land is, for the most part, excellent, and, though destitute of the natural elements of landscape, is warmed into pleasantness and even luxuriousness of aspect, chiefly by the embellishments of extensive pleasure-grounds, and in a small degree by the operations of husbandry. Antrimcastle, close to the town, and on the margin of Sixmile- Water, is an ancient mansion of the Viscounts Massarene, long much neglected, but improved about 30 years ago, and now the property of the Earl of Ferrard. The demesne, extendmg between it and Lough Neagh, is rich in old and noble trees, and, in particular, contains gigantic specimens of silver fir. On the west side of the parish stands Shane's Castle [which see]. East of this, and a little north-north-west of the town, is the demesne of Steeple, remarkable for its round tower, the least dilapidated of the four round towers in the county. This tower is 95 feet in height ; and, at a yard from the base, is 53 feet in circumference. Loopholes for the admission of air and light, and orifices in the wall for joists, divide it into three stories. A little above the highest loopholes, which fiice the cardinal points, the tower tapers in the form of a sugar-loaf. A conical covenng of granite, shaped like a cap or bonnet, formerly surmounted the whole ; but being shattered, probiably b^ lightning, in 1£^, it was taken down, and substituted by a covering of sandstone. At the base of the tower, two rows of stones project about 8 inches ; and above these is the door, 4^ feet by 2, surmounted by a stone sculptured in basso relievo with a cross. In the vidnitv of Steeple, are the seats of Spring Farm, Birch-hill, and Holywell. Other objects of interest belong to our notice of the town, and to the article on Lough Neagh — This parish is a vicarage and a separate benefice in the dio. of Connor. Vicarial tithe composition and gross income, £279 4s. 2d. ; nett, £2Si Ids. 11^. Pa- Iron, the Marquis of Donegal. The rectorial tithes are compounded for £Z\S TSs. 8d., and belong to the patron, but are leased to Lord Ferrard. The parish, church, an edifice with small Gothic windows, was built in 1596 at an unknown cost, and enlarged in 1810 by means of a donation of i:461 firom Lord Ferrard, and a loan of £1,364 from the late Board of First Fruits. Sittings 350; attendance 800. Two Presbyterian meeting-houses are attended by respectirely 800 and 225; a Wesleyan and Primitive Wesleyau, each by 75; a Quakers', by 18; and a Roman Catholic, by 700 ; and the hist has two officiates who officiate also in Drumaul and Connor chapels. In 1834, the parishioners consisted of 750 Churchmen, 3,4il Presbyterians, 120 other Protestant dissenters, and 1,252 Roman Catholics. In the same year, 11 daily schools had on their books 351 boys and 187 girls; and 2 Sunday schools had 320 children. One oif the daily sdiools, free and for females, was aided with £27 lOs. a-year from the Board of Erasmus Smitii ; another, free and for boys, was aided with £90 from the same source, and £2 from the vicar; and another, for infiints, was aided with £15 from subscriptions. In 1840, the National Board gave snuul salaries to 3 schools at Antrim, Creavery, and Rallimore ; and granted respectively £74 8^ 4d., and

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 120

60. Ardbraccan church and episcopal throne

    Ardbraccan · townland · Meath · 1777

    The church at Ardbraccan was built in 1777 with a donation from Bishop Maxwell and a parish contribution. It is described as a homely structure in the domestic rather than architectural style and contains an episcopal throne in its interior.

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    Rataine, and Clonmacdupf, [see these articles,] forms the benefice of Ardbraccan. Length, 8 miles ; breadth, 5^. Gross income, £890 lis. l^d. ; nett. £686 17s. 4d. Patron, the Crown. A curate has a stipend of £100. a house, and upwards of 19 acres of land. The church is a homely structure, rather in the domestic than in the architectural style ; and contains, in the interior, an episcopal throne. It was built in 1777 by means partly of a donation of unknown amount from Bishop Maxwell, and partly of a contribution of £369 4s. 7.id. from the parish. Sittings 350 ; attendance, from 160 to 200 A Roman Catholic chapel at Bohermeen is attended by 2,000, and one at Boyerstown by 800 ; and, along with Courtown chapel in Rathbovne parish, are under the care of two officiates. There is a Roman Catholic chapel also at Churchtown. In 1834, there were in the parish 311 Protestants, and 3,613 Roman Catholics; and, in the union, 391 Protestants, and 6,517 Roman Catholics. In the same year, there were in the parish, the Ardbraccan freeschool, aided with £8 from the bishop, and £2*2, house and garden, from the rector, and attended by 84, — the Boyerstown free-school, aided with £2 lOs. from Lord Ludlow. £2 10s. from bequest by Rev. Mr. Branningan, P.P.. and £15 from subscription, and attended by 211, — the Bohermeen free-school, aided with £3 5s., a house and garden, and attended by 161, — and two hedge-schools, attended by 10 and 45 ; and the only other school in the union was one in Churchtown.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 121