The Parliamentary gazetteer of Ireland

Each story keeps the passage it was read from. Open one to read it as the scan has it, and, where the companion has written its own telling, that too. The passages are read off photographs of the page by machine, so a word here and there comes out wrong; they are kept as the reading produced them, so you can check any of them against the scan.

1. Ballina the largest poor-law union by area in Ireland

   Ballina · townland · Mayo · 1838–1843

   Among the 130 poor-law unions established under the 1838 Act, Ballina was the largest in superficial extent at 507,154 statute acres. The union system divided Ireland into districts each served by a workhouse.

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   TiooB to the opening of workhouses, £9,402 148. lid. was for elections of guardians, ;£37,052 188. 7^ for valuation, £3,621 Is. 6d. for vaccination, £11,956 ISs. Igd. for salaries of officers, £11,505 148. Ojd. for furniture, £2,304 148. lOjd. for fixtures and fitting, £18,434 188. 7id. for bedding, £17,722 148. Id. for clothing, £1,322 188r9^d. for utensils and materials for setting the paupers to work, and £13,061 188. 4^. for other expenses ; and of the expenses incurred subsequent to the opening of workhouses, £236,471 lis. 6|d. was for maintenance of paupers in food, medicine, clothing, fuel, Ac, £19,183 10s. Ijd. for bedding, £13,586 28. lid. for furniture, £12,036 10s. 6d. for fixtures and fitting, £4,770 Ms. Id. for utensils and materials for setting the paupers to work, £2,555 28. 5d. for vaccination, £1,523 15s. 6d. for elections of guardians, £1,369 6s. for law expenses, £8,870 in instalments of workhouse loan, £34,988 8s. 4|d. for salaries of officers, and £31,326 19b. 0^ for other expenses. The unions, in the order in which they rank, or in the •rder of the dates of their declaration, together with the extent of each in statute acres, are Limerick, 124,130; Belfast, 47,702; Rathkeale, 108,340; Newcastle, 132,895; Lisbum, 119,300; Kilmallock, 151,179 ; Lurgan, 80,120 ; Londonderry, 139,199; Kinsale, 77,770 ; Tipperary, 185,561 j Gashel, 141,360; Skibbereen, 236,398; Celbridge, 85,400; Clogheen, 73,113; Nenagh, 184,712; Kaas, 199,335; Bandon, 143,460; Middleton, 145,683; Banbridge, 124,860; Fermoy, 195,316; Mallow, 151,050; Gonmel, 89,958 ; Thurles, 125,139; €allan, 106,633; Dungarvan, 163,826; Lis- MMwe, 95,397 ; Dunshaughlin, 109,096 ; Balrothery, 76,988 ; Cork, 142,688 ; Athlone, 199,109 ; Stra- Une, 134,209; Waterford, 146,467; Armagh, 154,281; Newry, 137,911; Edenderry, 140,396; Sortin, 111,248; Castle-Derg, 9,758 ; Roscrea, 155,374; Parsonstown, 150,140; Omagh, 174,603 ; Longford, 208,625 ; Trim, 113,529 ; Galway, 217,814 ; Carrick-on-Suir, 105,543 ; Ballinasloe, 126,944 y North Dublin, 38,914 ; South Dublin, 44,474 ; Dundalk, 104,372 ; Drogheda, 101,042 ; Navan, 93,327; Ennis, 143,339 ; Kilkenny, 275,825; Kells, 114,620; Shillelagh, 58,577; Sligo, 254,995; Dungannon, 102,474; Kihrush, 115,746; ScarifT, 108,975; Kilkeel, 81,726; Ennistymon, 152,609; Rathdown, 51,154; Cootehill, 104,988; Gort, 89,828; Boyle, 181,293; Ardee, 95,039 ; Cookstown, 96,730; Canick-on-Shannon, 132,516; Manor-Hamilton, 157,159; Newtown-Ardes, 93,924; MohiU, 137,768; Loughrea, 126,095; Roscommon, 176,775; Castlerea, 239,665; Tullamore, 157,968; Tuam, 135,233 ; Newtownlimavaddy, 150,625 ; Bathdrum, 207,358 ; Mullingar, 251,054 ; Mona^ban, 112,043; Carrickmacross, 60,469; Ballinrobe, 190,635; Castleblayney, 93,504; Castlebar, 148,477 ; Bailieborough, 88,027 ; Baltinglass, 143,935 ; Magherafelt, 155,847 ; Cavan, 178,723 ; Gokraine, 112,176; Abbeyleix, 113,400; Mountmellick, 220,968; Gorey, 121,585; Dunmanway, g9,802 ; Macroom, 194,981 ; Kanturk, 247,049 ; Downpatrick, 147,367 ; Oldcastle, 108,568 ; BallyaKmey, 127,057; Enniscorthy, 192,601; Clones, 71,566; New Ross, 186,596; Listowel, 209,261 ; TMee, 350,722 ; Swineford, 133,026; Ballycastle, 102,530; Ballymena, 161,326; Lame, 117,733; Antrim, 116,342; Granard, 138,970; Wexford, 111,200; Ballyshannon, 137,024; Lisnaskea, 98,147 ; BdHna, 507,154 ; Westport, 341,117 ; Enniskillen, 231,961 ; Clifden, 191,426 ; Lowtherstown, 75,783 ; Guiow, 179,709 ; Eillamey, 253,269 ; Innishowen, 159,323 ; Cahirciveen, 146,296 ; Kenmare, 271,245 ; Btntry, 137,266 ; Donegal, 156,890 ; Stranorlar, 113,956 ; Athy, 161,878 ; Clogher, 101,203 ; Letterkenay, 101,998; Milford, 112,748; Dunfanaghy, 128,220; and Glenties, 260,625. Sufficiently full and minute statistic notices of each of the unions will be found in our article on the place whence it bai its name. As to superficial extent, the largest union is Ballina, the smallest one is North Dubfin, and the smallest rural one is Rathdown ; and as to population, the largest is South Dublin, 182,755, and the smallest is Gortin, 17,315. The electoral divisions into which each union is distributed vary in number from 8 in South Dublin to 29 in Omagh ; and each consists of townlands, lad it chargeable with the support of the poor whom it furnishes to the workhouse. The 130 workhtnaes were estimated to cost between £1,100,000 and £1,200,000 ; and they have been erected by meanf of loans from government, free of interest for 10 years, and to be repaid by annual instal- Bents within 20 years. The poor-law commissioner receives a salary of £2000 ; each of 11 assistiBt oommissioners receives a salary of £700 ; and the clerk of each union, and the master and aiatron of each workhouse, receive salaries of respectively £60, £40, and £25 or £30. The clerk of the union, however, is the returning officer of the guardians ; and, in that capacity, receives a fee distinct from his salary. The clothing and diet of the paupers, and the structure and economy of the workhouses, are noticed as follows by Mr. and Mrs. Hall : — " The clothing of the adult consists of a coat and trowscrs of barragon, cap, shirt, shoes, and stockings. The female \ are supplied with a striped jerkin, a petticoat of linsey woolsey, and another of stout cotton, a cap, riiift, shoes, and stockings. The male children have each a jacket and trowscrs of iascian, a shirt, and a woollen cap. The female children have each a cotton frock and petticoat, a oip, and a linsey woolsey petticoat. Each bed is supplied with a straw mattress, with blankets, bolsten, &c The able-bodied women and children sleep in double beds ; the sick, the infirm, and tJbt male persons sleep in single beds. The diet varies in particular unions, chiefly depending on the condition of the poor in the neighbourhood, the object being to give such diet to the inmates

   Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 94

2. Ballinderry church built 1824 with Board of First Fruits loan

   Ballinderry · townland · Antrim · 1824

   The church in Ballinderry parish, Antrim, was built in 1824 by means of a loan from the late Board of First Fruits. It seats 600 with an attendance of 400.

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   This parish is a vicarage, and a separate benefice, in the dio. of Connor. The vicarial tithes are compounded for £369 4s. 74d., and the rectorial for £81 4«. 8d. ; and the latter are impropriate, and belong to the Marquis of Hertford. Gross income, £364 15s. Ud.; nett, £357 I3s. 6}d. Patron, the Marquis of Hertford. A curate has a stipend of j675, and an allowance of £25 for a house. The vicar is non-resident. The church was built in 1824, by means of a loan of £2,030 15s. 4jd., from the late Board of First Fruits. Sittings 600; attendance 400. A Presbyterian meeting-bouse is attended by 200, a Moravian meeting-house by 40, a Roman Catholic chapel by from 200 to 300 ; and the last is united, in the Roman Catholic parochial arrangement, to the chapel of Aghagallon. In 1834, the parishioners consisted of 4,0^ Churchmen, 259 Presbyterians, 139 other Protestant dissenters, and 1.200 Roman Catholics; and II daily schools, one of which was aided with £8 a-year from the London Ladies' Society, and another with £2 from the vicar and £8 from the Society for Discountenancing Vice, had on their books 188 boys and 162 giris.

   BALLINDERRY (The), a rivulet chiefly of the county of Tyrone, Ulster. Its two chief head-str^ams rise, the one near Pomeroy, and the other dA miles farther north, and flow 7 or 8 miles to a confluence in the vicinity of Cookstown. The united stream then runs 7 or 8 miles east-north-eastward to Lough Neagh, dividing, over rather more than the latter half of that distance, the county of Londonderry from the county of Tyrone.

   Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 151

3. Ballinlough village and its bogs in Roscommon

   Ballinlough · town · Roscommon

   Ballinlough in Roscommon consists of about 30 cabins, two school-houses, and a recently erected parish church crowning a rising ground amid young planted trees. A large series of bogs extends westward from near Castlerea to Tully near Ballyhaunis, intersected by streams from Loughs Cheyn and Cloonkan, sources of the river Suck.

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   BALLINLOUGH, a village in the parish of KiltuUagh, barony of Castlerea, co. Roscommon, Connaught. It stands about half-a-mile south of Lough Aelwyn, and 4} west of Castlerea, on the road from that town to Castlebar. It consists of about 30 cabins, 2 school-houses, and a recently erected parish-church ; and has a tranquil and almost deserted appearance. The cabins are dispersed in groups on uneven' ground ; and the church crowns a rising ground amid a cluster of young planted trees. See Aelwtn. Fairs are held on May 31, July 5,. Sept 26, and Oct. 31. Area of the village, 16 acres. Pop., in 1841, 191. Houses 3*2.

   Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 152

4. Ballyhuskard parish and its principal residences

   Ballyhuskard · parish · Wexford

   Ballyhuskard is a parish in the barony of Ballaghkeen, containing the villages of Ballaghkeen and Ballinamittagh. The surface declines to the west and consists generally of prime land, with principal residences at Annfield, Ballycoursey, and Cooladuff.

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   BALLYHUSKARD, a parish in the barony of Ballaghkeen, 2^ miles south-east by east of Enniscorthy, co. Wexford, Leinster. It contains the villages of Ballaghkeen and Ballinamitddaoh : which see. Length, 4} miles; breadth, 2^; area, 7,948 acres, — of which 25 acres are in the villages. Pop., in 1831, 2,487; in 1841, 2,874. Houses 516. The surface declines to the west; and consists in general of prime land. The highest ground is on the east border, and has an altitude of 293 feet. The principal residences are Annfield, Ballycoursey, and Cooladuff. — This parish is a rectory ; and also a perpetual curacy in the dio. of Ferns. The rectory is part of the benefice of St. Mary*s, Enniscorthy: see Enniscorthy. Tithe composition, £547 13s. 5d.; glebe, £40. The perpetual curacy is a separate benefice. Stipend payable by the incumbent of Enniscorthy, who also is patron, £75 ; nett income, £55. The church was built, in 1831, by means of a loan of £900 from the late Board of First FruiU. Sittings 200 ; attendance 80. Two Roman Catholic chapels at Ballincarry and Glanbryan are attended by respectively 2,000 and 1,400 ; and, in the Roman datholic parochial arrangement, are united to a chapel in the parish of Edermine. In 1834, the parishioners consisted of 159 Churchmen, 14 Protestant dissenters, and 2,375 Roman Catholics ; a Sunday school, superintended by the perpetual curate, was attended by 20 boys and 16 girls; and 5 daily schools were all supported wholly by fees, and were averagely attended in summer by 185 children.

   BALLYINGLY, or Ballinglt, a parish on the southern border of the barony of West Shelmalier, 6 miles south-west by south of Taghmon, co. Wexford, Leinster. Length, I^ mile; breadth, 1 ; area, 765 acres. Pop., in 1831, 204 ; in 1841, 221. Houses 40. The surface consists of second-rate land, and is drained along the western boundary by the rivulet

   Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 152

5. Ballymodan parish church

   Ballymodan · parish · Cork · 1646–1846

   The church at Ballymodan parish was built about 200 years before the gazetteer's publication and had been repeatedly enlarged and repaired through parochial assessment. It seated 800 with an attendance of 300.

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   benefice, in the dio. of Cork. Vicarial tithe composition, £400; glebe. £\\ 5*. Gross income, .i"4 14 .IS. ; nctt. £366 1 5s. 8<1. Patron, the diocesan. A curate has a stipend of £75. The rectorial tithes are com (bounded for the same sum as the vicarial, and are impropriate in the Duke of Devonshire. The church was built about 200 years ago, and has since i>ccn repeatedly enlarged and repaired by means ot purociiial a^se.'<sment. Sittings 800; attendance H.}<). Pre>byterian. "VVesleyan. and Primitive Weslevan meetinu'-houses, are attended by respectively Ki. 500, and 100. The Roman Catholic chapel is attended by 5,000; and, in the Roman Catholic parochial arrangement, is united to the chapel of Kilhrogan. In IKM. the parishioners consisted of 2,'2<>4 Churchmen, 111 Presbyterians, and 7,157 Roman (.\it holies ; a Sunday school, under the buperintendencc of the vicar, wa^ attended bv 280 children ; and an infant-school and a week-day school, lent tree, and jointly aided with Jb'150 a-year from sub^^ciiption. — two other daily schools, rent

   • Uut ttiiii i% inclusive of RouadhlU.

   Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 152

6. Ballymoe half-barony, Co. Galway: landscape and transfers

   Ballymoe · electoral division · Galway · 1831–1841

   The Galway half-barony of Ballymoe is a tame, morassy tract along the river Suck, with a very large proportion of bog and poorly cultivated arable land dotted with hovels. Under an act of William IV, the townlands of South Cloonlara, Cloondahamper-Blake, and Cloondahamper-Brown were transferred into it from neighbouring baronies.

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   BALLYMOE, a half.barony on the north-east frontier of co. Gal^niy. Connaught. It is bounded on the north-north>ea8t and east by co. Roscommon ; on the south by the barony of Killian ; and on the west by the baronies of Tyaquin and Dunmore. Its greatest length, from north-west to south-east, is 14| miles ; its greatest breadth, in the opposite direction, is 7k miles; and its area is 89,273 acres. It contains the whole of the parishes of Clonbern, Kilbegnet, Kilcroan, and Templetoher, and part of the parishes of Boyanagh, Drimtemple, Dunamon, Dunmore, Killerera'n. and Tuam. By the act 6 and 7 William IV., c. 84, s. 51, the townland of South Cloonlara in the parish of Boyanagh, was transferred to Ballymoe from Tyaquin, and the townlands of Cloondaham per- Blake and Cloondahamper-Brown, in the parish of Killereran, were transferred to it from Dunmore. The river Suck divides it chiefly from the Roscommon half-barony of Ballymoe. and partly from the Roscommon barony of Athlone ; and the other streams which drain it all rise in its interior or on its boundaries, and become tributary to the Suck. The general aspect of the surface, except where one considerable range of heights relieves it parallel with the Suck, is tame, morassy, and cheerless. A very large proportion is bog ; and even the arable grounds are so ill cultivated and so powdered with hovels in lieu of comfortable farm-houses as to be generally painful to the eye. But a more satisfactory view of It will be obtained through the medium of our next article, — the two half-baronies of Ballymoe being, with the exception of a great preponderance of bog in the Galway division, little less akin in character than prolongedly contiguous in position. Pop., in 1831, 28,112; in 1841, 28.666. Houses 5,185. Families employed cbietly in agriculture. 4,444 ; in manufactures and trade. 621 ; in other pursuits, 226. Males at and above 5 years of age who could read and write, 2.085 ; who could read but not wTite, 972 ; who could neither read nor w^rite, 9,472. Females at and al>ove 5 years of age who could rend and write, 574 ; who could read but not write, 527; who could neither read nor write, 11,183.

   Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 152

7. Ballymoe half-barony, Co. Roscommon: ridges and views

   Ballymoe · barony · Roscommon · 1831–1841

   The Roscommon half-barony of Ballymoe has hilly ridges and insulated heights alternating with flat bottoms and bogs, with limestone and limestone gravel abounding. From a ridge southeast of Ballintobber-castle, an extensive view opens across the flats of the Suck into Co. Galway.

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   face contains less hog and less \rater, in proportion to the superficies of arable and pasture land, than any other great division of the county. Its contour is that of hilly ridges and insulated heights alternating with flat bottoms or with bogs. From the summit of a ridge which comes in from the south-east of Ballintobber-castle, and passes toward Oran, and which is probably the highest ground in the half-barony, a very extensive view opens across the flats of the river Suck into the county of Galway. A deficiency in trees and hedge-rows, except in the vicinity of gentlemen's houses, is prevalent and great, yet is little more remarkable than in many other parts of the county. Good land rates from 24s. to 35s. per acre. Though tillage is on the increase, by far the larger proportion of the naturally arable surface is disposed iii pasturage. The soil is in many places very rich ; and limestone and limestone gravel abound. Several small turloughs occur in the bottoms between the heights ; and the streams are small and few, and all find their way into the S ick. Not a town, or even a large village, exists in the district. Pop , in 1831, 7,353; in 1841, 8,061. Houses 1 ,342. Families employed chiefly in agriculture, 1,237 ; in manufactures and trade, 1 10 ; in other pursuits, 68. Males at and above 5 years of age who could read and write, 888 ; who could read but not 'write, 536 ; who could neither read nor write, 2,002. Femsdes at and above 5 years of age who could read and write, 272 ; who could read but not write, 479 ; who could neither read nor write, 2,750.

   Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 152

8. Ballymoney parish and Tullaghgore consolidation (1609)

   near Ballymoney · town · Antrim · 1609–1841

   The parish of Ballymoney, chiefly in the barony of Upper Dunluce, Co. Antrim, contains the town of Ballymoney and the village of Stranocum. In 1609 the parish of Tullaghgore was consolidated with Ballymoney, and the surface is drained by the river Bann with large tracts of bog.

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   BALLYMONEY, a parish, partly in the liberties of Coleraine, co. Londonderry, partly in the barony of Rilconway, co. Antrim, but chiefly in the barony of Upper Duiiluce, co. Antrim. The Dunluce section contains the town of Balltmonet and the village of Stranocum: which see. Length, 7 miles; breadth, 6. Area of the whole, 22,676 acres; of the Dunluce section, 21,304 acres; of the Kilconway section, 753 acres; of the Coleraine section, 619 acres. But the area of the Dunluce section includes 53 acres, 2 roods, 35 perches, in the river Bann, and 432^ acres in the parish of Tullaghgore, which was consolidated with Ballymoney in 1609. Pop. of the whole, in 1831, 11,579; in 1841, 11,727. Houses 2,045. Pop. of the Londonderry section, in 1831, 103; in 1841, 136. Houses 24. Pop. of the Kilcon way section, in 1831, 337; in 1841, 402. Houses 69. Pop. of the rural districts of the Dunluce section, in 1831,8,785; in 1841,8,559. Houses 1,500. The surface is drained along the west by the river Bann ; it contains large tracts of bog ; it consists, in its arable lands, of fertile soil ; and it is traversed by the great road from Belfast to Coleraine,

   Dr. BoaufDrt'ii map, 1. Oran, 2. Clooneeormican, and, 3. Drumtemple, are laid down wiUiin tlio limits of the county of Horcommon ; whilst Donaraun and Ilallynakill appear on the western side of the Suck, within the county of Oafway. In the EcclosiaRtical Repristcr, no mention whatever is made of the ]>arisl) of Clooneconnican, although its existence under that name is admitted in Uie three preceding authorities. These anomalies are attributable to the same ^uishes being known nndor different appellations ; and Clooncfrnrmican is recognised in tlie Ecclesiastical Register under that of Ardclore."

   Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 152

9. Ballyreagh old castle near Portrush

   Ballyreagh · townland · Antrim

   About a mile south-south-west of Portrush stands an old castle called Ballyreagh, whose name translates as 'the town of the king.' It is located in the parish of Ballywillin (or Miltown) on the coast of Co. Antrim.

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   BALLYWILLIN, or Miltown, a parish partly on the coast of the barony of Lower Dunluce, co. Antrim, and partly on the coast of the liberties of Coleraine, co. lA>ndonderry, 3| miles north-northeast of Coleraine, Ulster. The Antrim section contains the village of Portrush : which see. Length, 3 miles; breadth, 2; area, 4,673 acres, — of which 3,056 acres are in the Londonderry section, and 44 acres are in Portrush. Pop., in 1831, 2,219; in 1841, 2,202. Houses 402. Pop. of the Londonderry section, in 1831, 1,324; in 1841, 1,170. Houses 226. Pop. of the rural districts of the Antrim section, in 1831, 508 : in 1841 , 402. Houses 75. The land consists partly of light and partly of strong soil. A small brook drains the surface uorth-northeastward, and terminates at Portrush, in a romantic cove, screened and overhung by basaltic rocks. The Skerries, a cluster of islets and sea-girt rocks, lie at a mean distance of about a mile from the mainland. A magnificent expanse of coast and ocean scenery is seen from the basaltic high grounds in the neighbourhood of Portrush, including the wide sweep of sea which opens from Loch Foyle, and about half of the northern ooast of the counties of Antrim and Londonderry, from Bengore Head and the headlands of the Giant's Causeway on the east, to Magiltigan Point and Innisbowen Head on the west. About a mile south-south-west of Portrush is an old castle with a sufficiently pretending name, Ballyreagh, • the town of the king.'— This parish is a rectory, and a separate benefice in the dio. of Connor. Tithe composition, £265; glebe, £42 9s. 4|d. Gross income, £307 9s. 4|d.; nett, £283 198. 4jd. Patron, the diocesan. A curate has a stipend of £55. The church is verv old. Sittings 300; attendance, from 50 to 100. A schoolhouse in Portrush is also used as a parochial place of worship, and has an attendance of 100. A Presbyterian meeting-house has an attendance of 400. In 1834, the parishioners consisted of 294 Churchmen, 1,919 Presbyterians, 7 other Protestant dissenters, and 138 Roman Catholics; a Sunday school was attended, on the average, by 50 children ; and 3 daily schools — one of which was aided with £2 a- year from Mr. Lyle, and another wholly supported by £6 from Miss Rice, and £26 from the Methodist Missionary Society— had oa their books 121 boys and 68 girls.

   Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 153

10. Balteagh church built 1814 by Board of First Fruits

    near Balteagh · parish · Derry · 1814–1824

    The parish church of Balteagh, co. Londonderry, was built in 1814 by means of a gift from the late Board of First Fruits, and received a gallery addition in 1824 via a loan from the same Board. The parish contains part of the luxuriant valley of the Roe, termed the garden of the North.

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    BALTEAGH, or Balltdaigh, a parish in the eastern half of the barony of Kenaught, 24 miles south-east of Newtownlimavaddy, co. Londonderry, Ulster. It contains the village ot' Drusisdrn : which see. Length, 6| miles; breadth, 5|; area, 11,505 acres, 2 roods, 21 perches. Pop., inlliSI, 3,315; in 1841,3,371. Houses £99. Pop. of the rural districts, in 1841, 3,242. Houses 573. The surface is part of the west side of the basin of the Roe ; contains part of the luxuriant valley of that river, not very hy^erbolically termed ** the garden of the North ; is bisected by the Balte^h rivulet ; ami consists partly of mountainous ujiland, partly of fertile arable grounds ; and, in a small degree, of shallow moss, covering pebbles of quartz. The roads from Newtownlimavaddy to Dungaunon and Crossferry run respectively southward along the western border, and eastward through the interior. — This parish is a rectory, and a separate benefice, in the dio. of Derry. Tithe composition, £373 18s. 6d. ; glebe, £100. Gross income, £473 18s. 6d. ; nett, £436 18s. 10|d. Patron, the diocesan. The church was built, in 1814. by means of a gift of £643 3s. Id. from the late Board of First Fruits, and received, in 1824, the addition of a gallery by means of a loan of £276 15s. 5.^d. from the Board. Sittings 150; attendance, from 80 to 100. A Presbyterian meeting-house in connexion with the General Assembly is attended by 180 in wmter, and 300 in summer. A Roman Catho-

    BAL

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 153

11. Banbridge New Market House

    near Banbridge · town · Down · 1831

    A new market-house was built in Banbridge in 1831 at the expense of the Marquis of Downshire, the town's principal proprietor. The structure was described as neat and elegant.

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    BANBRIDGE, a market and post town in the parish of Seapatrick, barony of Upper Iveagh, co. Down, Ulster. It stands on the mail-road from Dublin to Belfast, and on the left bank of the river Baiin, 2 miles north-east by north of Loughbrickland, 4 south-east by east of Guilford, 13 north by east of Newry, 19.^ south-south-west of Belfast, Hrui 6(>.i north of Dublin. A stone-bridge across the Baiin, at the foot of the town, gave origin to the name Banbridge, or Bannbridge. The prhicipal street commences at the bridge; climbs a long and roniparatively steep ascent; is crossed rectangularly at tijc summit by a transverse street; and, finally, makes a considerable, though gradual, descent down the opposite slope of the hill. The whole line is strai^'ijf, and very spacious; it all forms part of the gnat thoroughfare between Dublin and Belfast; and, previous to recent improvements, it was bisected at the >ummit by a rather imposing market-house, and heenied two great and very airy lines of street leading up, on opposite sides, to what fancy mright have figured as a citadel. Its appearance is now greatly changed, and has become quite unique. The old market-house is demolished, and its site is cut away ; the roadway of the street, at the summit and a considerable distance down the sides, is threefold, and consists of two side-roads on the former level, and a central road excavated 15 feet deep; and a handsome viaduct spans the hollow way at the site of the old market-house, and connects the two lateral sections of the town. The general aspect of the private houses, though not showy, is neat, regular, und indicative of comfort. Many of the houses and of the shops are much more pretending in character than in most towns of similar amount of population. The new market-house, built in 1831, at the cost of the Marquis of Downshire, the principal proprietor of the town, is a neat and even elegant structure. The parish-rhurch, two Presbyterian meeting-bouses, a Methodist chapel, and some school-houses, present no peculiar feature ; and, as to their statistics, will >»c noticed in the article Seapatrick: which see.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 156

12. Barony of Arklow's connection to the House of Ormonde

    Arklow · town · Wicklow

    The barony of Arklow is historically associated with the title of Baron, held by the house of Ormonde through tenure and later by the Duke of Sussex through creation. This connection highlights the noble and political significance of the area in Wicklow.

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    ARK LOW, a barony in the south-east of the co. Wicklow, Leinster. It is bounded on the west by Ballinacor ; on the north-west and north by Newcastle ; on the east by the Irish sea ; and on the south by the county of Wexford. Its greatest length, from north to south, is 16 miles ; its greatest breadth, from east to west, is 7^ ; and its area is 67,357 acres. The parishes it includes are the whole of Arklow, Ballintemple, Castle- Adam, Dunganstown. Enoreley, Kilbride, Killahurler, Kilpoole and Redcross, and part of Drumkey, Glenealv, and Kilcommon. Pop., in 1831, 22,796; in 1841*, 25,263. Houses 3,854. Families employed chiefly in agriculture, 2,161 ; in manufJBurtures and trade, 1,605; in other pursuits, 674. Males at and above 5 years of age who could read and write, 4,637 ; who could read but not write, 2,201 ; who could neither read nor vrrite, 4|149. Females at and above 5 years of age who could read and write, 3,421 ; who could read but not write, 3,125; who could neither read nor write, 4,513. The barony of Arklow gives the title of Baron, in the one case by tenure, and in the other by creation, to the house of Ormonde, and to His Royal Highness, the Duke of Sussex.

    ARKLOW, a parish on the coast, and at the

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 122

13. Belleek Manor: Knox Gore's Elizabethan mansion on the Moy

    Belleek · townland · Mayo

    Belleek Manor, the seat of Col. Knox Gore, crowns the left bank of the Moy with extensive plantations and a modern beautiful Elizabethan mansion. Nearby Belleek Castle, residence of Edward Howley, tops a knoll overhanging the river.

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    BALLINA, a post, market, and sea-port town, in the parish of Kilmoremoy, and barony of Tyrawley, CO. Mayo, Connaught. It stands on the left bank of the river Moy, 5 mile» south of the point where that stream begins to expand into Killalla bay, 9 miles north of Foxford, 29 miles west-south-west of Sligo, 54 north-west of Tulsk, and 116 from Dublin by way of Bovle and Banada, 118} by way of Longford and Ballaghadireen, and 12(^ by way of Boyle and Ballysadare. On approaching it trom Banada, and clearing the glen of Lough Talt, the traveller gradually opens the dismal waste of bog around the north base of the Lurgan hills ; but on advancing, he descries nearly the whole of the vast expanse of plain from Ballma to Sligo, intersected and wooed along the north by the arms and bosom of the Atlantic ocean, screened on the south by tbo Lurgan hills, overhung on the west by the wild and lofty uplands of Erris, climbing away to the dome of the monarch mountain Nepbin, and both variegated and embellished on the east by fertile, cultivated, and picturesque hills which blend ivith the mural eliffs of Benbulben. The approach by way of Ballaghadireen and Foxford leads almost uniformly through a poor, moorish, dreary country, and offers little relief to the eye till the banks of the Moy are reached in the immediate vicinity of the town. The approach by way of Ballysadare, or from Sligo and Ulster, conducts for a great distance along an alternation of brief fairy ^pots and large sheets of semiwilderness ; but, to adopt the words of Mr. Eraser, *' Within five miles of Hallina, we pass, at about a mile from the road, Cottlestown, the old seat of CoL Kirkwood, and, at two miles, close on the shore, and near the singularly formed and extensive range* of sand hills which are clustered about the mouth of the Moy, are Scurmore and Moy view cottages, the latter the occasional residence of the Hon. Col. Wingfield. The arid sand hills, partially covered with sea-bent, and tenanted only by rabbits and seabirds, while they are highly injurious to the navigation of the Moy, break and diversify its lucid waters, and, from their picturesque outlines, add much to the beauty of Moyview and Scurmore, and several other villas along this part of the coast. * * As we approach Ballina, the aspect of the country improves, the extensive plantations of Belleek Manor, the seat of Col. Knox Gore, crowning the left bankjt of the Moy, and emlio^^oming his modern beautiful Elizabethan mansion ; Belleek-castle, the residence of Edward Ilowley, E»q., which tops the Knoll overhanging the river; the Moy, one of the finest of our rivers, with its ample and picturesque tributary, the Bunree, ru>hing over its rocky bed ; the spacious bridges, with their broad avenues ; the town rising, on the opi>osite banks of the river, with Nephin, tho mo&t gigantic of our mountains, — are all seen in succession, and fully recompense us for the bleak unwooded bcene we have ju^t traversed.'*

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 147

14. Blacksod Bay and its fishing harbours

    Blacksod Bay · bay · Mayo

    Blacksod Bay, with its ramifications of Blacksod Harbour, Tulloghaan Bay, and Achill Sound, has considerable extent and good deep anchoring grounds with important fishing harbours, but lacks sufficient shelter and washes too poor shores to be of much commercial value.

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    Gahray bay, as measured from respectively Black Head, the middle of the Arran Islands, and the uttermost of the flanking islets on the north side of the entrance, penetrates the land to the extent of 16, of 31, and of 42 miles ; it has, within Black Head, a mean breadth of about 7^ miles ; it abounds in useful inlets on the south and across the head ; it has recently acquired a very superior artificial harbour at the town of Galway ; and, though low and tame on the northern seaboard, and unindented in outline along a large proportion of the north side, it possesses, in its soathem and eastern shores, in the Arran islands across its entranoe, in part of its northern seaboard, and in the intricate intermixture of islets and peninsuhe near its head, a very large amount of opulent landscape. Spring and neap tides rise in the bay rei^pectively 16^ and 7 feet ; and the tidal current near the north shore and opposite Black Head flows at the rate of about a mile in the hour. The bays, sounds, and estuaries of a character eminently adapted to usefulness, from Cashleh bay on the north side of Galway bay opposite to the Arran Islands, round to Killery Harbour, on the boundary between co. Galway and co. Mayo, are so numerous, so ramified, and in fact of such incessant occurrence, that we had not space for a due general notice of them even in the article Cunkkmara [which see] ; yet eminently good though these harbours are, particularly those of Kilkerrin, Birterbuy, Roundstone, and Ardbear, they are rarely visited by any craft except fishing vessels, turf-boats, a few small coasting vessels^ and occasional revenue cutters. Most of the Cunnemara marine inlets, and especially the wondrous inlet of Killery between Galway and >Iayo, present the most powerful and gorgeous combinations of Highland landscape,— such as, with few exceptions, rivals the best and excels a large proportion on the western and northern coasts of Scotland. Clew bay measures 7^ miles across the entrance, and penetrates the land to the extent of 17^ miles ; it is protected across the mouth by Clare Island, and multitudinously sprinkled, over a space of 35 or 37 square miles at the head, with small fertile green islands ; it pcMBoescs in the sounds among these islands, and in small inlets at its head, some good harbours ; and, in the scenery of its shores and sur£EU», it combines the savage, the sublime, and the softly beautiful with more richness and effect than probably any other sheet of either salt or fr^sh water in the three kingdoms, excepting the celebrated Loch Lomond in Scotland. The tidal stream off C3ew bay, and over a great extent of the adjacent coast, sets due north ; and the current, at the distance of 16 miles due west from Aclull Head, runs at (he rate of 3^ miles in the hour. Blacksod bay, with its ramifications of Blacksod Harbour, Tulloghaan bay, and Achill Sound, has aggregately a great extent, considerable ramifications, important fishing-harbours, and good deep anchoring groonds ; but it wants sufficiency of shelter, and washes too poor shores, to be ever of much subserviency to commerce. The tidal current, in setting northward across the mouth of Blacksod bay, runs at the rate of only one mile in the hour. Broadhaven, between Erris Head and Benwce Head, is capacious but open to the north over one-half of its extent, and narrow and shallow over the other half ; yet it contains sheltered anchoring ground, and might be made of great value in a leas poor and remote country. The marine indentations between Ben wee Head and Downpatrick Head are so small and ironbound as hardly, in any other instances than those of Bealderrig and Banatrahar, to afford even the most slender shelter to fishing-boats. Killalla bay, or the estuary of the Hoy, is capacious but s\ allow and encumbered with sandbanks ; yet it carries up a comparatively large amount of sh' iping toward Ballina, and has been proposed as one of three great ■larine outlets for a system a interior and very ramified navigation, whose other marine outlets

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 7

15. Bloody Foreland as a meridional extreme

    Bloody Foreland · promontory · Donegal

    Bloody Foreland in County Donegal marks the northern point of the longest meridional line in Ireland, extending to the Old Head of Kinsale in County Cork and measuring 237 miles.

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    The outline of continental Ireland b proximately that of a rhomboid ; and, in a general view, is greatly more continuous or loss indented and undulated by cuts and sweeps of the sea than the outline of continental Great Britain. The larger diagonal of the rhomboid extends from Tor Head in co. Antrim to Mizen Head in co. Cork, and measures 302 miles ;* and the shorter extends from Camsore Point in co. Wexford to Erris Head in co. Mayo, and measures 210 miles. The longest meridional line extends nearly from Bloody-Foreland in oo. Donegal to the Old Head of Kinsale in co. Cork, and measures 237 miles ; and the longest latitudinal line extends from Quintin Point at the mouth of Lough Strangford in co. Down to Emlogh-Rash on the west coast of co. Mayo, and measures about 182 miles. But the breadth of the qpuntry from Dundalk to Ballyshannon is only 85 miles ; that from Belfast to Donegal is only 90 ; and that from Dublin to the head of Galway bay, not more than 108. No part of Ireland is farther than 50 or 55 miles from either the open sea or some marine inlet ; and very few fertile or densely peopled portions of it are many miles distant from some seaward navigation. The area of the entire kingdom comprehends 13,464,300 acres of arable land, 6,295,735 of uncultivated land, 374,482 of pl^Utions, 42,929 of towns, and 630,825 of fresh water,— in all, 20,808,271 acres.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 2

16. Calp shale around Dublin

    Dublin · city · Dublin

    In the vicinity of Dublin, the calp shale rarely contains organic remains, unlike other localities where they are abundant. The surrounding district also features numerous chalybeate and sulphureous springs.

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    impure urgillaoeoaB limestone or calp, which form the precipitous cliffs of Dartrj mountain faeing the west, and which, near the summit, are capped by the upper or splintery limestone. In examining the succession of the calp strata in a western direction, commencing with the lower Umestone at Belturbet, in the county of Cavan, and crossing Slieve Rushin, the valley of Swanlinbar and Ouilcagh mountain, an important member, namely, the grey sandstone with coaly impressions, &c., b wanting, or at least very slight traces of it can be discovered ; a circumstance which proves that oonsideTable variations may be expected in the composition as well as in the thickness of the same division of the carboniferous limestone series, even within the same district or neighbourhood ; and, hence, we need not be surprised to find in some of our carboniferous districts that the ca^ division is altogether wanting, and in others that it is only slightly developed. It would be tedious and almost endless to enter upon a particular description of the numerous localities in which the calp series occurs in the north of Ireland ; at present we need only observe, that the thale district, extending from Emyvale in the county of Monaghan, to Brookborough in the county of Fermanagh, known by the name of the Slieve Beagh mountains, has long been considered to belong to the true coal formation, and sanguine expectations have been entertained of the discovery of workable beds of coal ; but having ascertained that in the order of succession it forms a portion of the calp series, it appears very improbable that these expectations will be realized. The calp district of Leinster, if it may be so called, which extends through the counties of Dublin, Meath, and Westmeath, is composed of alternations of impure black argillaceous limestone, with black shale, containing balls of clay ironstone. Some of the shale beds, which are much impregnated with sulphuret of iron, are, no doubt, the sources of the numerous chalybeate as well as folphnreous springs which occur in that district. In the neighbourhood of Dublin, the calp shale nunely contains any organic remains ; while in other localities they are very abundant, particularly in varieties of producta, spirifera, terebratula, crinoidea, both heads and stems, together with various corallines, and particularly a large variety of turbinolia, probably turbinolia fungites."

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 23

17. Cataract on the Uncion river at Ballysadare

    Ballysadare · townland · Sligo

    The Uncion river, formed by the Arrow, Owenmore, and Colloony streams, enters the head of Ardnaglass Harbour in Sligo and produces a fine cataract at Ballysadare.

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    The Qurtnamartin and the Camamart, which flow into the head or east end of Galway bay, are cf large size among rivulets; and the former is curious and wonderful for the number and mjnieriousness of its subterraneous dives and runs. The Galway or Corrib river, which enters Galway bay at the town of Galway, carries off the superfluent waters of Loughs Carra, Mask, and Corrib, a!hd drains a pendicle of co. Roscommon, and very large districts of counties Mayo and Galway ; it is proposed to be connected by artificial navigation with Lough Corrib, and to open Galway bay to an extensive and ramified navigation through Connaught to Clew bay, Killalla bay, and the Shannon ; and its principal tributaries are the Aile and the Robe into Lough Mask, tlie Bealnabrack and the Fuogh into the west side of Lough Corrib, and the Black river and the Clare, both sinking streams, into the east side of Lough Corrib. The Owenmore or Ballinahinch river to the head of Birterbuy bay, the Gowla to the side of Birterbuy bay, the Dowrus to the bay of Hallfnakill, the Culphin between Renvyle Point and the Little KiUery, and the Bunowen, the Errive, and the Bundurra, to Killery Harbour, are all inconsiderable streams. The Lewisburgh, the Bunowen, the Westport, the Glendahurk, the Glenthomas, and the other rivulets which flow into Clew bay, with the exception of the Newport river, are all very inconsiderable ; and even the Newport river is navigable for boats over a distance of only ^ of a mile, but its tributaries are the Skndagh, the Buckadoon, the Glenisland, and the Beltra. The Gulamore, the Munree, the Owenmore, and the other rivulets of north-western and northern Mayo, are chiefly mountain torrents. TIm Moy drains a large part of Mayo and a considerable part of Sligo, and enters ^he head of Killalla bay between these counties ; it is tidal to Ballina, and navigable by sea-borne vessels to within a mile of that town ; and its tributaries are the Bunree-Deel, the Yellow river, the Loghardone, the Turlough, the Guishden, the Troomony, the Coarre, the Aclarc, and several other strcmms. The Torvod and the PuUoching are small rivulets. The Easkey is navigable over about i of a mile by boats of 5 tons ; and it receives the waters of the Croagh. The Uncion, which enters the head of Ardnaglass Harbour, is formed by the Arrow, the Owenmore, and the Colloony, and makes a fine cataract at Ballysadere. The Sligo river forms the estuarial harbour of Sligo, off the superfluent waters of Lough Gill, and is fed or fonned, through that lake, by the

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 23

18. Clare Island at the entrance of Clew Bay

    Clare Island · electoral division · Mayo

    Clare Island serves as a strong natural breakwater at the entrance to Clew Bay. The island measures about four and a half miles in length, two and a half in breadth, and reaches an extreme altitude of 1,457 feet above sea-level.

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    The Arran Islands — ^forming a tolerably compact group of 16 miles in length and 3 in extreme breadth, and consisting of a tiny sub-group called the Branach isles in the north-west, Arranmore or lUanmore, 6} miles in length, and two other islands respectively 3 miles and 2 miles in length —extend north-westward right across the entrance of Galway bay, lifting their highest ground 460 feet above sea-level and forming a strong natural protection to the bay against the furious western surges of the Atlantic. Numerous islets are sprinkled in intricacy athwart the head of Galway bay ; and the chief of them are called Mutton, Hare, and Tawna Islands, Meenish, and Elaneddy. The principal islands and islets in the crowded archipelago, between Cashleh bay and Slyne Head, are Garomna 4^ miles in length, Littermore 3^ miles in length, LittermuUen 2 miles in length, Innisbaraha 1 mile in length, Innistravin 1 mile in length, Annaghvaan 1 mile in length, lUanrura, m^nlrin, Dlanirach, Birr, Dynish, Furnish, Innisherk, Knappogh, Carricketra, Tynish 1^ mile in length, Mynish 1^ mile in length, Innisnooskery, Carrickmashin, Skird Rocks, Mason Island, Toneyall, Myle Rocks, Crunakarra, Crunakeel, Smithes Rock, Floor Rock, Fruhillan, Innishtrech, Innidackan, Innishnee 3 miles in length, Carrickcauly, Little Bellows, the Bellows Rocks, Carrickirk, Innisdaury, Fox Island, Hanora, and Duck Island. Innisboffin, 3| miles long and 2^ broad, lies 4^ miles west by north of Renvyle Point, or the extreme southern screen of the entrance of Killery Harbour ; and Innishark, 1| mile in length, lies j of a mile west-south-west of Innisboffin. The principal islands between Slyne Head on the south and Innisboffin and Innishark on the north, are Lyin, Innisdoogan, Clarks, Breakers, Knockatoorish, Tonterry, Muingcruton, Tarbert, Innisturk, Eshall, Grua, Omcy 1^ mile in length, High Ishmd, Friar Island, Oudda, Frughillaan, Innisbrooan, Black Rock, GlassiUaan, and Innisgort. Several islets and many rocks lie dose to the shore of Innisboffin. Innisbruan and a tiny group called the Cramp Islimds lie a4iaoent to Renvyle Point. Another tiny group, called the Innistegil Islands, lie in the mouth, or rather throat, of Killery Harbour. Freehill Island lies 2^ mUes north-west of the Innistegil itH^nAm Innisturk, 2^ miles in length, and 1| in breadth, lies 5 miles north-north-east of Innisboffin, and 7 miles west of Devlin Point. Innisdalla, Ballybeg Island, and Cahir Island, lie respecUvely 2^ miles south-east, 2 east, and 2^ east by north of Innisturk. Clare Island, 4^ miles in length, 2^ in breadth, and 1,457 feet in extreme altitude above sea-level, lies 5^ miles northnorth-west of Emlogh Point, and forms a strong natural breakwater at the entrance of Clew bay. Even the chief of the multitudinous isles and islets at the head of Clew bay are so many, that we most refer for the enumeration of them to the article on Clew bay in the body of our Work. Achillbeg, 1^ mile in length, lies closely ac^acent to the south-eastern extremity of Achill, and 2^ miles north by east of Clare Island. Achill— separated from the mainland partly by a very narrow and shallow strait, and partly by AchiU Sound or the south-eastern limb of Blacksod bay — ^measures 13| miles in the direction of west by south, and 11^ miles in the direction of north-north- west, and lifts the four principal summits of its wild and upland surface, Knockmore, Minnaun, Slievemore, and Croghan, to the altitude of respectively 1,119, 1,530, 2,217, and 2,222 feet above sealeveL Annagh Island and Innisbegil, respectively 2 miles and 1^ mile in length, lie in Achill 8oand. Davillaun, 1 mile in length, lies 2 miles south-south-west of the south-western extremity of the Mullet peninsula ; and Davillaunbeg, Gaughta, and Leamarcha Islands, lie between it and the mainland. A cluster of Skerries, called the Black Rock, lies 5^ miles west of Davillaun ; and a comparatiTely wide sprinkling of rocks, the chief of which is called Carricklaven, occurs between DaviOaon and South Inniskea. The southern extremity of South Inniskea lies 3 miles north-west of Davillaon ; the east shores of South and North Inniskea lie from 2 miles to 3} miles west of the Mnllei ; and theee two islands are mutually separated by a very narrow strait, and measure each 2 miles in length. The islets of Carrigee, Duffer, Inniskeeragh, Innisglora, 1 mile in length, and David^s Island, lie between North Inniskea and Erris Head. Kid Island, the Stags of Bruadhaven, Muck Island, and several other islets and rocks, lie in the vicinity of Ben wee Head. Illanmaster ^lyf Horse Idand lie near the shore between Ben wee Head and Downpatrick Head. Bartragh, a low and narrow island, 2| miles in length, lies in Killalla bay, opposite the town of Killalla. Derrineh islet Hes in Ardnaglass harbour. Magain's Island, Coney Island 1 mile in length, Black Bo^ the site of a lighthouse, the Wheaten Rocks, seen only in spring tides, and Bird Rock, lie

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 8

19. Coal beds and cliff geology at Murlough Bay

    near Murlough Bay · bay · Antrim

    The coal beds occurring around Murlough Bay are distinct from those on the west of Fair Head, numbering six beds of varying thickness. The cliff on the north side of the bay exhibits a complex descending series of columnar greenstone, sandstone, and coal, reaching 437.5 feet in height.

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    Minerals.'] — The primary reck district of the county is confined to a small mountain-group in the extreme north-east, around Knocklade. Though consisting chiefly of mica schist, it presents various features of high interest, both in Rself and on account of its skirting the small coalfield of Fair Head. The old red sandstone and the rocks which accompany it are still more limited, and, excepting in a few unimportant patches, are found only in a band between the primary district and Red bay. — The coal district is situated on the north coast, both east aad west of Fair Head. Only one workable bed appears to exist west of the heaaland; it is 4^ feet thick, and looks out from the face of the magnificent and far-stretching cWffi it has been wrought by means of adits or galleries driven inwards at the level of high water nark ; and it dips southward at such an angle that the adits were, in some instances, carried upwards of 900 feet before meeting the declining stratum. The beds east or rather south-east of Fair Head, occur around Murlough bay, and appear to be quite distinct from those on the west; they are six in number, and vary from 12 to 30 inches in thickness; ibur of them are bituminous, and two carbonaceous; and the latter lie, the one immediately above, and the other below, an apparently intruded mass of columnar trap, 70 feet thick. A section of the cliff on the north side of Murlough bay exhibits, in descending series, about 100 feet of columnar greenstone, 20 of brownish red sandstone, 1 of biCumiiK)us ooal, 80 of 'red sandstone, 6 of black shale, 2^ of highly bituminous ooal, 40 of brownish red sandstone, one.hulf of highly bituminous coal, 20 of red sandstone, 10 of black shale, 2^ of bituminous coal, 60 of bla<*k shale, 24 of uninflammable carbonaceous coal, 2 of black shale passing into flinty slate, 70 of columnar trap, 2 of black shale, 8;^ of uninflammable carbonaceous coal, alternating with thin beds of black shale, and 10 to the base of the cliff but really an unascertained thickness of black shale. The height of the cliff is 437^ feet. The collieries on both sides of Fair Head, though now neglected, partly owing to the difficulty of working to the depth of old excavations, and partly from the want of a safe harbour for shipping the ooal, were wrought at a very remote period, and possibly mav be among the most ancient in the British empfre. While miners, about the year 1770, were working an unexplored part of the cliff near Ballycastle, an old excavation was unexpectedly discovered, and was found to be very extensive, and to have been wrought upon a regular system by evidently expert miners, but with implements different from those now in u^e. No traidition now remains of the period or persons of the ancient miners.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 114

20. Cotton and Granshaw bog reclamation begun 1743

    Cotton · townland · Down · 1743

    A great bog at Cotton and Granshaw comprising 1,000 acres lay within the manor of Bangor. Reclamation and improvement of the bog was begun in 1743.

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    BANGOR, a parish, partly in the barony of Lower Castlereagh, but chiefly in that of Ardes, co. Down, Ulster. The Castlereagh section contains the village of Crawfordsbdrn; and the Ardes section contains the town of Bangor, and the villages of Conlio and Groom«port: see these articles. Length, 6 miles; breadth, 4. Area of the whole, 17,027 acres; of the rural districts of the Castlereagh section, 4,057 acres ; of the rural districts of the Ardes section, 12.646 acres. Pop. of the whole, in 1831, 0,355; in J841, 10,060. Houses 1,748. Pop., in 1831, of the Castlereagh section, 1,^20; of the rural districts of the Ardes sectidn, 4,508. Pop., in 1841, «f the rural districts of the Castlereagh section, 1 ,418 ; of the rural districts ef the Ardes section, 4<48I. Houses, in 1841, of the rural districts of the two sections, respectively 245 and 757. The parochial limits include the Copeland Islands : which see. The whole parish, excepting the islands, extends along the south shore of Belfast Lough, from near the south headland at its entrance, to a point about 3^ miles west of the town. The surface is agreeably variegated, well-cultivated, and opulently embellished ; and consists of land very various in quality, but all, or almost all, profitable. The great bog ef Cotton and Granshaw, comprising 1,000 acres, lies within the manor of Bangor, and was begun to be veckimed and improved in 1743. The streams are mere rills or short rivulets, all running northward to the Lough ; and the largest of them is only 4 miles in length, flows along the boundary between Ardes and Castlereagh, and enters the Lough at the wefft •kirt of the town. The lacu^rine water-area lies all in Castlereagh, and amounts ta only 22 acres, 2 roods, 35 perches. The coast, eastward of the town, and particularly around the village of Groomsport, is rocky. A lead mine was formerly worked by the Mining Companjr ef Ireland. Adjoinmg Crawibrdsburn village, 2^ miles west of Banger, and close to the shore near the Grey Rocks, is the beautifully lituated mansion of Crawfordsburn, the seat of Sharman Crawford, Esq. ; a mile south of this is Ballyleidy, the seat ef Lord Dufferin ; near Ballyleidy, is Rathgail House, the seat of J. R. Cleland, Esq.; contiguous to Bangor is Bangor-castle, the seat of •the Earl of Bangor, the proprietor of the town; and about a mile south of this is Ballow, the seat of W. S. Nicholson, Esq. The other seats are Portavoe *nd Springhill. A iiill near the town commands a charming view of the water and coasts of Belfast Lough, and of part of the baronies of Ardes and Castlereagh — This parish is a perpetual impropriate curacy, and a separate benefice, in the dio. of Down. Salary from the lay rectors, £55 8s. 8d. ; glebe, .£a5. Gross income, £95 Ss. 8d. ; nett, jf91 Us. 8d. Patrons, the Earl of Bangor, and Robert Ward, Esq. All the townlands except two are tithe freei and the tithes of these two are compounded for £52 6s. 9d., and are impropriate in the patrons. The dHirch was built in 1833, at the cost of £950 10s. Ud.4 of which jb'200 was contributed by Lord Dufferin, £271 10:». by Col. John Ward, £50 each bv Lord Banger, Edward Ward, Esq., and S. Crawford, Esq., and £154 14^, 9d. by parochial assessment. Sittings 500; attendance, from 200 to 800. Two Presbyterian meeting-houses are attended respectively by from 600 to 1<000, aad by 400; and a Methodist chapel is attended by from 100 to 200. In 1834, the parishioners consisted of 757 Churchmen. 8,182 Presbyterians, 113 other Protestant dissenters, and 250 Roman Catholics; 11 Sunday schools were numerously attended; and 18 daily

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 161

21. Croaghpatrick and Clew Bay landscape in Aughaval parish

    Croaghpatrick · electoral division · Mayo

    The parish of Aughaval in Mayo contains the town of Westport and features the mountain of Croaghpatrick, described as magnificent with panoramic views. The coastline along Clew Bay extends seven miles and is praised as a near-perfect gallery of landscape scenery.

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    AUGHAVAL, or Ougheval, a parish on the northern border of the barony of Murrisk, co. Mayo, Connaught. It contains the towns of Westport and Westport-Quat : which see. Length, 12 miles; breadth, 4; area, 33,695 acres. Pop., in 1831, 15,315; in 1841, 13,441. Houses 2,255. Pop. of the rural districts, in 1841. 8,529. Houses 1,568. In the north -ea!4t corner are the rich vale, the beautiful town, the charming demesne, and the brilliant bay of Westport ; near the north-west comer rises the magnificent and panoramic- vie whig Croaghpa- TRicK [which see]; and respectively on the west border, and 4 miles to the west of it, rise Knockaskiheez and Oughty, the former lifting its summit ],288 feet, and the latter 1,104 feet above sea-level. The sea- board westward from West port- Quay extends 7 miles along Clew bay, and is almost everywhere a perfect gallery of landscape ; and the corner of the parish around Westport, Westport - Quay, and Belclare, is highly ornate, and occasionally luscious; but the great inland district south from Croaghpatrick to within 2 miles of the head of Killery harbour, is almost a wilderness of coarse moors and uplands, — a rough and tumultuous intermixture of mountain, bog, pool, pasture, and defile. The Owenwee river flows in the north, the Owenmore in the centre, and the Owendufi'on part of the south - em boundary. Two lakes, respectively in the south, and near the centre, have an altitude, the former of 791 feet, and the latter of 59*2, above sea-level. The road from Westport to Louisburgh passes alonr the coast. — This parish is a vicarage, and part of the benefice of Westport [which see], in the dio. of Tuam. Vicarial tithe composition, £225; glebe, £25. The rectorial tithes are compounded for £75, and are appropriated to the archdeaconry of Tuam and the prebend of Killybegs. The church was built in 1797 by means of a gift of £461 10s. 9id. from the late Board of First Fruits. Sittings 600; attendance 300. The Westport Roman Catholic chapel is attended by from 3,000 to 4,000; the Lickanvy one by 1,100, and the Drummin one by from 600 to 700 ; and in the Roman Catholic parochial arrangement, these chapels are mutually united, and have 4 officiates. The Presbyterian and the Methodist meeting-houses in Westport have an attendance, the former of from 36 to 40, and the latter of from 80 to 100. In 1834, the parishioners consisted of 483 Churchmen, 58 Presbyterians, 53 other Protestant dissenters, and 14,558 Roman Catholics ; 5 daily schools, which returned no precise lists, were

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 146

22. Cromlechs near Cairngrainey, Ballintoy, and Island Magee

    near Island Magee · parish · Antrim

    The chief cromlechs of County Antrim are found near Cairngrainey, near Ballintoy, and at the north end of Island Magee, alongside numerous cairns, raths, and earthen mounds along the coast and interior.

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    History and Aniiquities.'] — The ancient or uncorrupted name of Antrim is Andruim or Endruim, 'the habitation upon the waters;' a name which probably refers to one locality, whence a designation was diffused over the whole county, yet which has been thought expressive of the county's nearly insulated position. The early history of the district is strictly that of the kingdom of Dalriada [which see] ; and the later history is so unconsecutive, or so generally identified with the towns and strengths, that it must be narrated piecemeal in our notice of celebrated localities. Cairns, cromlechs, pillar-stones, ratbs, and earthen mounds, all strictly similar to those which prevail from Belfast Lough to Meath, abound along the whole coast, and occur somewhat numerously even in the interior. The most remarkable of the cairns — all of which are rude, and indicate the work of quite a barbarous people — are one on Colin mountain, 3 miles north of Lisbum, one on Slieve True, west of Carrickfergus, and two on Colinward. The chief cromlechs are one near Cairngrainey, one near Ballintoy, and one at the north end of Island Magee. Raths and mounds are so plentiful that no fewer than 237 have been enumerated in the two parishes of Killead and Bf uckamore ; and they are so featureless that only 7, situated at respectively Dunethery, Dundermot, Dunmacalter, Dunmaul, Cushendall, Camlent, and Ballykennedy, may be named as in any respect interesting specimens. Archdall enumerates 48 monastic estalvliihments in Antrim, but says that 20 of them had ceased to be known. The onl^ ones which now figure in either ruin or history will be noticed in the articles on Carrickfergus, Woodburn, Glenarm, Kells, Massarene, Muckamore, Whiteabbey, Killead, Rathlin, Ballycastle, and Glynn. The round towers of the county, 4 in number, are situated at Antrim, at Trummery, at Armoy, and in Ram*8 Island. The chief deserted or ruinous military castles are those of Carrickfergus, Olderfleet or Lame, Dunluce, Dunseveric. Red bay, and Cushendall; and the only modernized and inhabited ones are Shane's castle and Castle-Upton. All these antiquities, as well as any others which deserve notice, will figure in the articles on their respective localities.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 120

23. Dromineer marble quarry

    Dromineer · town · Tipperary

    A quarry on the shores of Lough Derg at Dromineer produced a dove-coloured shell marble in great quantity.

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    All the preceding were worked by the Mining Companj of Ireland; and the following were worked by other parties : — ^Moneypoint quarry, within 4 miles of Eilrush, on a cliff overhanging the Shannon, in co. Clare, produces a fine, hard, close-grained, gritty flag, varying from 1^ to 4 inches in thickness, and containing from 10 to 20 superficial feet, and it yielded about 60,000 yards per annum, worth £2,250 at the quarry; the Clounderlough quarry, at Cloonderlough bay. Lough Berg, co. Clare, produces a fine Bourdella marble, and was open only for specimens ; the lead mines near Ennis, co. Clare, were of unascertained condition ; the Rockfarm limestone quarries, situated on Little Island, opposite to West Passage, and thence a mile along the verge of the Cork river in co. Cork, annually produced 12,000 tons of manufactured, and 44,000 tons of rough limestone, the former worth 13s. per ton, and the latter worth Is. 4d. ; the Irish dove marble and limestone quarries at Carrigacrump near doyne, in co. Cork, produced 2,000 tons and upwards per annum, the value of which depended on the mode of manufacture ; the Allihies copper mine, near Castletown-Berehaven, in co. Cork, produced from 6,000 to 7,000 tons per annum, worth £9 per ton ; the Audley copper mine, near Skibbereen, in co. Cork, was of unascertained condition ; the Dromagh collieries, near Kanturk, co. Cork, were of unascertained condition ; the lead mines near Newtown- Ardes, in co. Down, were of unascertained condition ; the black marble quarry, situated chiefly bn the estate of Sir Valentine Blake, on the verge of Lough Corrib, in CO. Galway, produced about 1,000 tons per annum, worth from £1 to £% per ton at London and New York ; the quarry of very fine sienna and dove marble at Shannon Harbour, in co. Galway, was of unascertained condition ; the Yalentia quarry, on the Island of Yalentia, co. Kerry, yields 4t>ofing slate and flagging — the latter stronger, larger, and more handsome than almost any other flagging which even the London market can command, — and annually produced to the value of about £\ ,800 in flags, and ;£650 in slates ; the Castlecomer, Clough, and Newtown collieries, in co. Kilkenny, annu* ally produced 42,544 tons of coal, and 53,354 tons of cubn, the former worth from 15s. to 20s. per ton, and the latter from 48. to 5s. ; the Faroda colliery, in co. Kilkenny, produced 2,500 tons per annum, worth 6s. 8d. per ton ; the Callylihane, Wolf hill, Clogrenna, and Camafea collieries, in co. ' Kilkenny, produced 16,000 tons per annum, worth 4s. per ton ; the Rushes, Dromagh, TaUerton, Ardategle, and Courleane collieries, in co. Kilkenny, were, for the time, not worked ; the Clonmacnoise marble quarry, in King*s co., produces a shell-grey marble, variously tinted, and of a sound and useful description, but was of unascertained condition ; the Arigna mines, extending over the western side of Lough Allen, in counties Leitrim and Roscommon, produced about 2,340 tons of iron ; a quarry near the Askeaton road, about 7 miles from the city of Limerick, produces a fine maroon coloured marble, but had not been worked to any considerable extent ; Lyons, Ballysimon, and Guillogue quarries, in the vicinity of the city of Limerick, produce black marble in blocks of any size, but were of unascertained condition ; the Dromineer quarry, on the shores of Lough Derg, CO. Tipperary, produces a dove-coloured shell marble, in great quantity ; the Castlebegs quarry, on the shores of Lough Derg, co. Tipperary, produces a dull black marble, but was of unascertained condition ; the Slieveardagh collieries, near Killenaule, in co. Tipperary, annually produced 20,000 tons, worth 10s. per ton ; the Dromglass colliery, near Dungannon, in co. Tyrone, was of unascertained condition ; the Coal-Island colliery, near Dungannon, in co. Tyrone, was also of unascertained condition ; the Ballymurtagh copper mine, near Rathdrum, in co. Wicklow, annually produced from 5,000 to 6,000 tons, worth ;£4 per ton ; the Cronebane and Tygroney copper mines near Rathdrum in co. Wicklow, annually produced from 4,000 to 5,000 tons, worth £A per ton ; the Connoree copper mine near Rathdrum, in co. Wicklow, annually produced from 1,000 to 1,500 tons, worth £6 per ton ; the Ballygahan copper mine near Rathdrum, in co. Wicklow, annually produced from 200 to 300 tons, worth £A per ton ; the Glenmalure lead mine near Rathdrum, in CO. Wicklow, annually produced from 180 to 200 tons, i^rorth £15 per ton,

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 23

24. Dundrum demesne within Ballintemple parish, Tipperary

    Dundrum · town · Tipperary

    Lord Hawarden's beautiful demesne of Dundrum lies within the parochial limits of Ballintemple, Co. Tipperary. The parish contains finely variegated and well-wooded landscape and is traversed by the road from Tipperary to Holycross.

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    BALLINTEMPLE, a parish on the southern border of the barony of Lower Kilnemaiiagh, 4 miles north-east of Tipperary, co. Tipperary, Munster. Length, 2 miles; breadth, 1|; area, 4,208 acres. Pop , in 1831, 786 ; in 1841, 656. Houses 81. The surface is drained and separated from the barony of Clanwilliam on the south-west and south by a considerable affluent of the Suir ; it is traversed northeastward by the road from Tipperary to Holvcross ; and it contains some finely variegated and wellwooded landscape, and consists, for the most part, of good land. Within the parochial limits is Lord Hawarden's beautiful demesne of Dundrum : which see — This parish b a rectory in the dio. of Cashel. Tithe composition, £242. The rectories of BaUintemple, Kulpatbick, Ouohtebleague, and Rath- LTNAN [see these articles], constitute the benefice of Ballintemple. Length, 4^ miles ; breadth, from a few hundred yards to upwards of 2 miles. Gross income, £780 18s. 24d. ; nett, £629 9s. 5|d. Patron, the diocesan. The church is situated in Ballintemple ; but when it was built, or at whose cost, is unknown. Sittings 300; attendance, between 100 and 150. Two Roman Catholic chapels in Ballintemple and Oughterleague have 3 officiates, and an attendance of respectively 700 and 970. In 1834, the Protestants of the parish amounted to 153, and the Roman Catholics to 661 ; the Protestants of the union to 232, and the Roman Catholics to 4,597 ; 3 daily schools in the parish were attended by 215 children ; and these, with 4 other schools in the union, had on their books 317 boys and 192 ^rls. Two of the schools in the parish were respectively for boys and for girls, and were aided, the latter with £10 a- year, and the former with £30 and other advantages,, from Lord Hawarden*

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 152

25. Efforts to build Roman Catholic cathedral in Armagh

    near Armagh · town · Armagh

    Efforts were recently underway to erect a splendid new Roman Catholic cathedral in Armagh. The Roman Catholic primate also resided alternately at Armagh and Drogheda.

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    ciation for Discountenancing Vice, 19 with the Board of Erasmus Smith, 22 with the Kildare-strcet Society, and 59 with the London Hibernian Society. — The Roman Catholic dio. of Armagh is distributed into 51 parishes : two of these, Armagh and Drogheda, are bishops' parishes, and are served by the primate and 6 curates; and the others are served by 49 officiates, and 60 coadjutor officiates. Efforts have recently been made for the erection of a splendid new Roman Catholic cathedral in Armagh. The Roman Catholic primate resides alternately at Armagh and Drogheda. The convents within the dio. are a Dominican with 3 friars in Armagh, a Dominican with 2 fnars in Dundalk, a Franciscan with 3 friars in Armagh, an Augustinian with 3 fnars in Armagh, a presentation with 12 nuns in Armagh, and a Sienna convent of St. Catherine with 22 nuns in Armagh.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 138

26. Eminently dangerous bay of Tramore

    near Tramore Bay · bay · Waterford

    Tramore Bay is situated along the coast between Newtown Head and Bonmahon Head. It is noted in the text as an eminently dangerous bay.

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    level, — ^liGzen Head, 41 feet,— Arklow Rock, 411 feet, — ^Kilmichael Point, — ^Brehoge Point, — ^Poolfihone Head, — Glascarrick Point, — and Cahore Point ; and the principal heights on or near the margin of the seaboard are OoUon Hill, 782 feet, — ^Bola Hill, 894 feet, — Buckronej, 917 feet, — Knockaurey, 860 feet, — ^Lamberton Hill, 410 feet, — Croghan-Kinshela Mountain, 1,985 feet, — and Tara Hill, 825 feet, — all, except the last, within the county of Wicklow, and north of Kilmichad Point. Rosclare Point, at the south side of the entrance of Wexford Harbour, is situated 2 miles south of Raven Point, and has an altitude of 58 feet above sea-leveL A straight line from Rosclare Point to Greenore Point extends south-south-eastward, measures 5} miles, and cuts off from the sea the open and slenderly penetrating bay of Greenore ; a straight line from Greenore Point to Camsore Point, at the south-eastern extremity of the mainland of the kingdom, extends south-southwestward, measures 5^ miles, and is very nearly coincident with the shore ; a straight line from Camsore Point to Crossfamogue Point, extends half a point south of westward, measures 9^ miles, and places all the shore at the mean distance of about half-a-mile to the north ; and a straight line from Crossfamogue Point to Hook Head, at the east side of the entrance of Waterford Harbour, extends in the direction of south-west by west, measures 14} miles, and lies across the entrance of the series of bays or large sweep of waters which wash the east side of the long peninsula of Hook, and whose principal section bears the name of BaUyteigue. Very nearly the whole coast, from the entrance of Wexford Harbour round to the isthmus of Hook peninsula, is low and beachy, and consists of the tardy slope into the sea of a low flat region of rich arable lands ; and the coast of Hook peninsula, though forming the breastwork of likewise a low country, presents to the waves a bold face of defiance, and shoots out the headlands of Inguard Point, Bagenbon Head, and Nord Point, and several minor projections. Swiney Head, at the west side of the entrance of Waterford Harbour, is situated 3| miles west by north of Hook Head ; a straight line thence to Brownstown Head extends west by southward, measures 3^ miles, and places to the north the open, iron-bound, slightly penetrating bay of Allands ; a straight line from Brownstown Head to Newtown Head extends west by northward, measures 2| miles, and places to the north the ^imminently dangerous bay of Tramore ; a straight line from Newtown Head to Bonmahon Head extends westward, measures 9^ miles, and is nearly coincident with the coast ; and a straight line from Bonmahon Head to Ballyvoile Head extends in the direction of south-west by west, measures 5^ miles, and places the coast-line at the mean distance of about half-a-mile to the north. The whole of the coast from Waterford Harbour to Ballyvoile Head terminates or bounds a low seaboard ; yet, excepting a brief space within Tramore bay, it is all bluff and menacing, and maintains a fierce conflict with the billows. A line from Ballyvoile Head to Helwick Head extends south-south-westward, measures 4 miles, and passes across the entrance of Clonea bay and Ihmgarvan Harbour ; a straight line from Helwick Head to Mine Head extends south-south-westward, measures 4^ miles, and passes a very little to seaward of the slightly undulating coast ; a straight line from Mine Head to BallymacEurt Head extends in the direction of south-west by west, measures 2^ miles, and is identical with the coast ; a straight line from Ballymacart Head to Ram Head extends south-westward, measures 4^ miles, and passes across the entrance of Ardmore bay, placing Ardmore Head a little to the north ; a straight line from Ram Head to East Point extends westward, measures 4| miles, and, placing Arigna Head a little to the north, passes across the entrance of Whiting \i,j ; and a straight line frt>m East Point to Cable Island extends in the direction of south by west, measures 3} miles, and passes across the entrance of Toughal bay or the estuary of the Blackwater. The whole coast from Dungarvan Harbour to Toughal bay, presents a prevailingly bluff &ce to the sea, and is overlooked by the heavy, lumpish, prolonged mass of the Drum or Slievegrian mountain, whose summits are about 4} miles distant frt>m the shore, and possess an altitude of from 700 to nearly 1,000 feet above se^-leveL The coast from Cable Island, or from the small point of the mainland near it and directly opposite, away west-south-westwimi to Roche's Point at the east side of the entrance to Cork Harbour, has in general a flowing outline, and variously follows, passes 1^ mile beyond, or recedes half-a-mile within, a straight line of 17^ miles in extent. About one-tiiird of this coast, or to the west side of the entrance of Ballycotton bay, is a beach of sand upon bog ; the remainder is in general a low bluff breastwork ; the whole bounds a large and fertile sheet of comparatively champaign country ; and one place, 3} miles east of Roche's Point, runs out into the promontory of Poor Head.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 3

27. Erris Head's bold coastline

    Erris Head · promontory · Mayo

    The stretch of coast from Annagh Head to Erris Head is described as bold but not exceptionally high. The loftiest ground on or near its margin has an altitude of 286 feet above sea level.

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    Two straight lines from Black Head to respectively the headland between Cashleh bay and Greatman*8 bay, and Goulin Head or the exterior point of a group of islands seaward of Greatman's bay, may both be regarded as passing across the entrance of Galway bay ; and the former extends in the direction of north-west by west, and measures 16 miles, while the latter extends west-northwestward, and measures 23 miles. A line from the headland between Cashleh and Greatman's bays to Slyne Head extends in the direction of north-west by west, measures 26^ miles, traverses Garomna Island and Ardcastle Point, passes along nearly the middle of a comparatively large archipelago, and places the shore of the mainland at the mean distance of probably about 5 miles to the north-east ; a line from Slyne Head to Achris Point extends northward, measures 10 miles, places the head of Ardbear Harbour 7^ miles to the east, and stretches at the mean distance of about 3^ miles seaward from the shore of the mainland ; and a line from Achris Point to Devlin Point extends north-eastward, measures 26^ miles, is coincident with about two miles of the shore and with Claggan and Renvyle Points, and passes across the entrance of Claggan bay and BallinakiU and KiUery Harbours. The whole coast from Galway bay to Killery is exceedingly broken, intricate, and wild, consisting of a lab3rrinth of peninsulse, islands, and intervening waters, presenting to the sea an absolute melee of frowning headlands and heights, backed on the immediate seaboard with stem hills or soaring mountains, and possessing a very near aggregate resemblance to the western or Deucaledonian coast of Scotland, and even to a considerable portion of the coast of Norway. A straight line from Devlin Point to Emlogh Point, extends in the direction of north by west, measures 4^ miles, and places the shore at the mean distance of about half-a-mile to the east ; a line from Emlogh Point to the south-west extremity of Achillbeg extends in the direction of north by west, measures 7^ miles, places Clare Island immediately to the west, and passes across the entrance of Clew bay ; a line from the south-west extremity of Achillbeg to AchiU Head extends north-westward, measures 15 miles, and places the shore at the mean distance of from 1^ to IJ mile to the north-east ; and a line from Achill Head to the south-west extremity of the peninsula of the Mullet extends in the direction of north-east by half north, measures 10 miles, and first coincfides with Saddle Head, and then passes across the entrance of Blacksod bay. Both Achillbeg and Achill lie so compactly with the mainland, or are separated frx>m it by such narrow and shallow sounds, and blend with it in such close admixture of view, that they cannot be treated apart from it in an exhibition of the coast-line ; and the latter, along the whole of both its seaward sides, flings down stupendous declivities to the ocean, and, in the vicinity of Achill Head, stoops precipitously to the water's edge in the awful cliff of Croghan, from a summit above sea-level of 2,222 feet. The coast from the south-west extremity of the Mullet to Annagh Head trends north by eastward, measures 10| miles, and is low, featureless, and but slightly undulated ; and the coast from Annagh Head to Erris Head trends in the direction of north-east by north, measures 6 miles, and is bold but not very high, the loftiest ground on or near its margin having an altitude above sea-level of 286 feet. A straight line from Erris Head to Benwee Head extends east-northeastward, measures 8^ miles, and passes across the entrance of Broad Haven. The coast from Benwee Head to Downpatrick Head trends in the direction of east by south, lies all from a furlong to 2^ miles south of a straight line of 18^ miles in extent, — is everywhere bold, rugged, and grand, — presents iu some places the most romantic and sublime sea-cliffs, torn by cavernous openings or dissevered into ravines, fissures, and high natural arches, — ^and possessing, either on its very margin or on the near part of its seaboard, the summits of Pollagh, Clinsk, Tannymore, Glencolrj, Maumakeogh, Keadochmeel, Knocknadurave, Aughalcague, and Knockbohe, four of which have altitudes above sea-level of respectively 1,002, 1,117, 1,155, and 1,243 feet. A straight line from Downpatrick Head to Benwee-Givraun extends in the direction of south-east by east) measures 6 miles, and first nearly coincides with 3^ miles of coast and with Benmore, and then passes across

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 4

28. Fishing indifference from Belfast to Carlingford Loughs

    near Carlingford Lough · estuary · Louth

    Between Belfast Lough and Carlingford Lough, the fishing trade was regularly followed at only a few places. Due to the higher wages available in agricultural labour, fishing was generally viewed with indifference.

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    occasional, and inefficient means of prosecuting fishing. Fish-curers drive a considerable trade at Galway and Killybegs ; but at most other places between the Shannon and Malin Head, the fishermen rely principally or wholly on the herring fishery, and dispose of most of their produce to travelling traders who visit the several fishing harbours. From Malin Head to Bel&st Lough, the fishermen are much more regularly employed, and find a ready sale for their produce either at home or in the markets of Glasgow and Liverpool. From Belfast Lough to Carlingford Lough, the trade of fishing, except for herrings, is regularly followed at only two or three places, and, in consequence of the superior remuneration of agricultural labour, is generally regarded with indifference. From Carlingford to Wexford, fish are alleged by fishermen to be scarce ; and from Dublin to Wexford, little fishing is carried on for the supply of the Dublin market. It is confidently asserted that a diminution of the fisheries in this great district '^ amounts to three-fourths of the quantity taken at a period not many years distant. This failure in productiveness is attributed to an over fishing, and to a destruction of spawn, — ^both imputed to the troUers." At Waterford, the fishing resource has long been believed to be abundant ; and the famous nymph bank is asserted to yield white fish in inexhaustible quantity. From Waterford, round the entire south coast, and northward to the Shannon, a recent decline in the productiveness of the fisheries, amounting now to an absolute scarcity of fish, is matter of constant local complaint ; but this scarcity seems to exist only in the bay and in-shore fisheries, to which the operations of the fishermen, owing to their poverty and insufficient gear, are chiefly confined.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 60

29. Forest of Ballyhooley and the Nagle mountains

    Ballyhooly · town · Cork

    A part of the Nagle mountains rises behind the village of Ballyhooley, anciently covered with a great expanse of forest called the forest of Ballyhooley, named from the castellated mansion of the Roches. The mountains are extensively sheeted with wood.

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    to Doneraile. Area, 17 acres. Pop., in 1831, 533; in 1841, 418. Houses 67- A dispensary here is within the Fermov Poor-law union ; and is one of the very few of which the Commissioners obtained no statistic returns. The present parish-church, the remains of a former one, and the ruins of an ancient and extensive castle of the Roches, all crown a rock at the village ; and, as seen from the adjacent demesne of the Earl of Listowel, they form an excellent subject for the pencil, and give a fine relief to the massive richness of surrounding woods which overhang the winding course of the river. A part of the Nttgle mountains rises behind the village, extensively sheeted with wood, and anciently covered with still greater expanse of forest, called the forest of Ballyhooley, from the castellated mansion of the Roches. This castle, after the forfeiture of its original owners, passed into the possession of Sir Richard Aidworth. Convamore, the seat of the Earl of Listowel, stands on the Blackwater, flings embellishment over much of the parish, and reciprocates groupings of scenery with the hills, and lands, and woods, and hinuous vale around it. Excepting a small proportion of coarse mountain ground, the whole parochial area consists of good land ; and it possesses so varied and expressive a contour as to be almost everywhere richly scenic. Mr. Brewer, speaking of Convamore, 8ays, '* This very handsome mansion is of recent erection, and is highly ornamental to the fine scenery amidst which it is placed. The view from the front of the house is truly admirable. Here the Blackwater is seen winding through noble masses of wood, and conducting the eye to the picturesque spectacle of a decayed castle seated on a lofty eminence upon the border of the waters. Whilst the views from the grounds are thus attractive to the lover of nature, the interior of the mansion abounds in objects calcu^ lated to gratify the admirer of the arts. The collection of paintings here reposited is, we believe, unrivalled in the county of Cork, and ranks among the best in Ireland." — Ballyhooley is a rectory in the <lio. of Cloyne. Tithe composition, £468; glebe, £,57 1*2-. id. This rectory and the vicarage of KiLLATHT [which scc] constitute the benefice of Ballyhooley, and the corps of the prebend of Aghultie. Length, 6 miles; breadth, 3^. Pop., in 1831, n,699. Gross income, £675 123. 4d. ; nett, £556 14s. 5d. Patron, the diocesan. The church was built, in 1774, at the cost of £553 168. lid. Sittings 160; attendance 35. The Roman Catholic chapel has an attendance of 1,800; and, in the Roman Catholic parochial arrangement, is united to the chapel of Castletown. In 1834, the Protestants of the parish amounted to 68, and the Roman Catholics to 2,346; the Protestants of the union to 81, and the Roman Catholics to 3,764; and 4 daily schools in the union, 3 of which were in Ballyhooley, and 1 in Killatby, had on their books 146 boys and 69 girls. Two oif the Ballyhooley schools were nominally in connexion with the National Board, and in receipt of £20 each from local subscriptions. In 1840, these two schools were salaried with respectively £12 and £10 from the Board, and had on their bookg 217 boys and 150 giris.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 152

30. Granges as monastic appendages

    Muckamore · townland · Antrim

    The seven granges of Antrim, including Muckamore, were extra-parochial districts that historically served as appendages to monastic establishments. With the exception of one or two, these granges were tithe-free.

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    addition to the parishes are the seyen granges or extra-parochial little districts of Muckamore, NaU teen, Ballyseullion, D^agh, Shilvoden, Killagan, and Drumtulk^h ; and all these, excepting BallyscuUion, are a1<iO in Connor. But in the population books of J831, we iind only the first three recognised as granges, Killagan entered as a parish, and the other three apparently confounded with the parishes to which they are contiguous or attached ; and in the population books of 1841, we find one of the seven entered as a parish, and all the other six as granges, and find also the additional granges of Ballyrobert, Ballywalter, Molusk, Umgall, Innispollan, Layd, Killyglen, Dundermot, and Carmayy. The granges appear to have been appendages of monastic establishments ; and, excepting in one or two instances, they are tUhe-free.

    Towns and Villages,'^ — Named in the order of the baronial divisions, the towns, villages, and principal hamlets are Carrickfergus, the capital of its separate jurisdiction, and the assixe-town of the whole county ; Broughshane, Kells, Connor, and Henryville, in Lower Antrim; Antrim, BaUyclare, Ballyeaaton, Doagh, Fourmileburn, and Parkgate, in Upper Antrim ; BaUyclare, Ballinure, Ballycarry, Cariunoney, Whiteabbey, Whitehouse, Glynn, Invcrbeg, Invermore, and Roughfort, in Lower Belfast; Belfast, Miltown, Dunmurry, Lambeg, Springfield, and Templepatrick, in Upper Belfast ; Ballycastle, Bushmills, Ardmoy, Ballintoy, and Moss-side, in Carey ; Portrush and Dervock, in Lower Dunluce ; Bally money and Stranocum, in Upper Dunluce ; Glenarm, Cushendall, Camlough, and Straight- Kelly, in I^w£r Glenarm ; Larne and Oldmills, in Upper Glenarm ; Newtowncrommelin, Clough, and Cloughmills, in Kilconway; Massarene, in Lower Massarene ; Lisburn, Crumlin, Aghalee, and Glenavy, in Upper Massarene ; Ballyjnena, Portglenone, Ahoghill, Gracchill, Carnearney, Cullejr. backey, and Galgorim, in I^wer Toome ; and Ran- (lalstown and Toonie, in Upper Toom. Carrickft^rguft, Belfast, Antrim, and Lisburn are corporate tou'n»; and the m^ority of both the towns and villages are the scenes of markets and fairs.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 119

31. Harley-Park and Colebrook seats on Slievardagh coalfield

    Ballingarry · town · Tipperary

    Ballingarry parish in Slievardagh contains Harley-Park, seat of James P. Poe, and Colebrook, seat of C. Langley, along with the mansions of Ballingarry and Ballyhain. The northern part of the parish overlies the Slievardagh coalfield.

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    BALLINGARRY, or Gare, a parish, containing a village of the same name,, on the eastern border of the barony of Slievardagh and co. Tipperary, Munster. Length, 7 miles v breadth, 4 ; area, 13,714 acres, 1 rood, 33 perches. Pop., in 1831, 5,879; in 1841, 7,062. Houses 1,091. The surface, ins general view, consists of good arable and pasture land ; it is drained, and divided from co. Kilkenny, on the east, by the Munster river ; and it is superincumbent,, in the north, on part of the Slievardagh coalfield. Within the limits are Harley-Park, the seat of James P. Poe, Esq., Colebrook, the seat of C. Langley, Esq., and the mansions of Ballingarry and Ballyhain. The village of Ballingarry stands 5 miles north-west of Callau, but is not situated on any great line of thoroughfare. Area, 1 7 acres. Pop., in 1831, 530 ; in 1841, 643. Houses 111. A dispensary here is within the Callan Poor-law union, and serves for a district containing 8,165 inhabitants ; and, in 1839, it received £141 16s., expended £120 10s., and had recommended to it 2,449 patients. — This parish is a vicarage, and a separate benefice, in the dio. of Cashel. The vicarial tithes are compounded for £246 3s. 1 d., and the rectorial for £492 68. 2d ;. and the latter are impropriate, and belong t« the t^

    BAL

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 152

32. Imperial Parliament grants for improving Donaghadee Harbour

    near Donaghadee · town · Down · 1801–1843

    The Imperial Parliament granted substantial sums of money for the improvement of harbours in Ireland. Donaghadee received £132,672 for its harbour improvements.

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    Money granted by the Impesial Parliament for the Improvement of Harbours in or connected with Ireland, was, for — Howth £345,194, Kingstown £304,335, Donaghadee £132,672, Port Patrick £125,379, Dunmore £79,175, Hobb» Point £23,422.— Total £1,010,177-

    By the Act I and 2 WilL IV. c. 33, an advance of £500,000 was made in support of public works in Ireland. Upwaids of one million sterling has been advanced by the legislature to carry the Irish Poor-law Act into operation. Various other items might be added to show the liberality of the imperial legiislature towards Ireland.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 67

33. Imperial Parliament grants for improving Dunmore Harbour

    Dunmore · townland · Waterford · 1801–1843

    The Imperial Parliament granted a substantial sum of money for the improvement of harbours in Ireland. Dunmore received £79,175 for its harbour improvements.

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    Money granted by the Impesial Parliament for the Improvement of Harbours in or connected with Ireland, was, for — Howth £345,194, Kingstown £304,335, Donaghadee £132,672, Port Patrick £125,379, Dunmore £79,175, Hobb» Point £23,422.— Total £1,010,177-

    By the Act I and 2 WilL IV. c. 33, an advance of £500,000 was made in support of public works in Ireland. Upwaids of one million sterling has been advanced by the legislature to carry the Irish Poor-law Act into operation. Various other items might be added to show the liberality of the imperial legiislature towards Ireland.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 67

34. Imperial Parliament grants for improving Howth Harbour

    Howth · townland · Dublin · 1801–1843

    The Imperial Parliament granted a substantial sum of money for the improvement of harbours in Ireland. Howth received £345,194 for its harbour improvements.

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    Money granted by the Impesial Parliament for the Improvement of Harbours in or connected with Ireland, was, for — Howth £345,194, Kingstown £304,335, Donaghadee £132,672, Port Patrick £125,379, Dunmore £79,175, Hobb» Point £23,422.— Total £1,010,177-

    By the Act I and 2 WilL IV. c. 33, an advance of £500,000 was made in support of public works in Ireland. Upwaids of one million sterling has been advanced by the legislature to carry the Irish Poor-law Act into operation. Various other items might be added to show the liberality of the imperial legiislature towards Ireland.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 67

35. Imperial Parliament grants for improving Kingstown Harbour

    near Dún Laoghaire · town · Dublin · 1801–1843

    The Imperial Parliament granted a substantial sum of money for the improvement of harbours in Ireland. Kingstown received £304,335 for its harbour improvements.

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    Money granted by the Impesial Parliament for the Improvement of Harbours in or connected with Ireland, was, for — Howth £345,194, Kingstown £304,335, Donaghadee £132,672, Port Patrick £125,379, Dunmore £79,175, Hobb» Point £23,422.— Total £1,010,177-

    By the Act I and 2 WilL IV. c. 33, an advance of £500,000 was made in support of public works in Ireland. Upwaids of one million sterling has been advanced by the legislature to carry the Irish Poor-law Act into operation. Various other items might be added to show the liberality of the imperial legiislature towards Ireland.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 67

36. Iron turning and fluting manufactory near Lisburn

    near Lisburn · town · Antrim · 1806

    A manufactory for turning and fluting iron was established near Lisburn approximately 40 years prior to 1846. Iron casting also made a notable figure in Belfast.

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    Some employ journeymen, and others let a loom or two to poorer fellow-weavers. But nearly all earn smaller profits than the cultivator of the soil ; and not a few are forced by necessity, or induced by economy, io combine, on an exceedingly humble scale, the occupations of the manufacturer and the farmer. But, lor a view of the bulky parts of the linen manufacture, as well as of kindred productive pursuits, see the articles on the larger towns, particularly the article on Belfast. The cotton manufu:ture was projected at Belfast, in 1777, by Messrs. Joy & M'Cabe ; it has been doubled in extent since 1800 ; it now employs from 25,000 to 27,000 persona in the district along Belfast Lough and the Lagan ; and it has been regarded as a chief means of the assimilation of that district in competency and comfort to the manufacturing sections of England and Scotland. The manufacture of canvas was introduced to Belfast in 1784; rope-making, about 32 years earlier; paper-making, at Dunmurry, by a person of^ the name of M'Manus, and, in a short time, at different places in 10 mills ; blanket-making, at Larobeg, by the Wolfenden family, who settled in Ireland about 250 years ago ; and the manu&cture of sulphuric acid, near Lisbum, by Mr. Gregg of Belfast. Stockings and coarse woollen cloth are very ^nerally woven throughout the county; silk- weaving employs about 20 persons; soap and candles have been bulkily produced for exportation ; leather waSf at one time, manufactured in almost every town ; the casting of iron makes some figure in Belfast: a manufactory for turning and fluting iron was established about 40 years ago near Lit* bum ; potteries, for coarser wares, at Lambeg, at Ballycastle, and near the Maze; ship-building has been considerably cariied on at Belfast ; and saddlery, scythe-stones, and various articles for home use, compose a large and diffusive miscellaneous manufacture.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 117

37. Jaspers in Kilkenny granite district

    Kilkenny · city · Kilkenny

    Jaspers of various sizes were discovered in yellow clay a few feet below the surface near the southern extremity of the granite district in County Kilkenny.

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    becomes evident that the bottom of the tertiary deposit must be at least 164 feet below the lerel of the sea. The clay district of Lough Neagh is similar to the potter's clay district of Bohvey, in Devonshire ; and pits have been opened in many parts for the purpose of raising pipe day ; but hitherto no beds of a pure white colour have been discovered, at least none which preeerre their white colour when exposed to the heat of the potter's baking furnace ; but there can be no doubt, if proper trials were made in different parts of the district, that pure white potter's clay would be discovered. Potter's clay, similar to that of Lough Neagh, occurs in a valley resting on the carboniferous limestone situated to the south-east of Cahir, in the county of Tipperary ; and many years since, considerable quantities of clay were raised, and exported from thence to the potteries of England. White clay also occurs in a similar position, resting on limestone near St. John's Point, and other localities on the western bank of Lough Ree, in the county of Roscommon." Yesuvian, though of not well developed crystal, has been found at Kilranelagh, in a rock composed of common garnet, quartz, and felspar. Grenalite occurs in a micaceous compound, in the lead mines of Wicklow. The precious beryl has been found embedded in granite near Loughs Bray in CO. Wicklow. Cronebane has been found in the mountains of Wicklow and Dublin. Andalusite occurs in the micaceous schist of Djouce mountain in Wicklow. A mineral nearly allied to andalusite has been found in great abundance at Killincy in co. Dublin. A crystallized mineral of characters very similar to those of indurated talc, accompanies the andalusite of Djouce mountain. Hollow spar, in very distinct specimens, has been found at and near Baltinglass in co. Wicklow. Pitch-stone, traversing granite, occurs near Newry in co. Down. Granular sulphate of baryies, mcoompanied by iron pyrites, has been found on the shore near Clonakilty in co. Cork. Wavellite, Tery similar in its external character and in its analysis to the wavellite of Devonshire, as described bj Sir Humphrey Davy, has been found about 10 miles south-east of the city of Cork. Jaspers of Tarious sizes have been discovered in yellow clay, a few feet below the surface, near the southern extremity of the granite district in co. Kilkenny. Amethysts have been found in the cliffs in the Tidnity of Kerry Head. Transparent crystals, popularly known as Kerry stones, and harder, larger, and more brilliant than Bristol stones, are comparatively abundant in various parts of Kerry. Gold was for several years obtained in rather large quantity on the mountain of Croghan- Kinshela in co. Wicklow. Silver appears to have been obtained in considerable quantities, previous to the Carlist wars of the 17th century, in the lead mines of Antrim, Sligo, and Tipperary. Copper is found at Ross Island in the lower lake of KiUarney ; at Muckross, on the shores of that lake ; at Cronebane and Ballymurtagh in co. Wicklow ; and in some parts of counties Cork, Clare, Mcath, Waterford, and Dublin. Lead occurs near Enniscorthy in co. Wexford ; at Derrynoose in co. Armagh ; near Glendalough in co. Wicklow ; near the city of Dublin ; and in parts of counties Sligo, Antrim, Tipperary, and Donegal Iron ores are plentiful in various parts of Ireland ; and, in the 17th century, they were worked in a number of districts till the circumjacent timber available for smdting was exhausted. The grey ore of manganese has been found in the peninsula of Howth, in various parts of co. Kilkenny, in the Mayo mountains of Glanmore, and in several other counties. Cobalt accompanies the copper of Muckross in co. Kerry ; and a variety of the earth black cobalt ore of Werner, has been found in the peninsula of Howth. Tin stone occurs in Croghanym«h<>U in CO. Wicklow. Porcelain earth, equal in purity to the china clay of Cornwall, has been found in the south-west of co. Wicklow. Mineral springs, chiefly chalybeate, occur in almost every county ; and those most in repute, as the resorts of invalids, are the spa of Ballyspellan near Urlingford in co. Kilkenny, the spa of Lucan near Dublin, the spa of Swanlinbar in co. Cavan, and the spa of Mallow in co. Cork.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 23

38. Killydonnell Abbey ruins within Fort Stewart demesne

    Killydonnell · townland · Donegal

    Within the demesne of Fort Stewart, the seat of Sir James Stewart, Bart., on the shore of Lough Swilly near Ramelton, stand the ruins of Killydonnell Abbey. Shellfield is the only other residence of note in the vicinity.

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    AUGHNISH, or Aghnish, a parish in the barony of Kilmacrenan. and containing the greater part of the town of Ramelton, co. Donegal, Ulster. See Ram ELTON. Length of the parish, 4^ miles ; breadth, 2; area, J>,195 acres. Pop., in l»:il, 4,038; in 1841, 4.974. Houses 851. Pop. of the rural districts, in 1831,3.490; in 1841,3.546. Houses 606. The surface consists of two sections, which are mutually 2^ mdes asunder ; it thinks the south side of Ramelton bay. and extends along a part of the west side of Lough Swilly; and is agreearlily varied in contour, and considerably improved in georgy. Fort Stewart, the seat of Sir James Stewart, Bart., stands on the shore of Lough Swilly, near a ferry across the lough, about *2 miles east of Ramelton ; and Shellfield, the only otlRT residence of not«, stands in its vicinity. Within Fort Stewart demesne are the ruins of Killydonoll abbey. The small island of Aughnish, situated in Ramelton bay, belongs to the parish. A cofisi4]erable quantity of linen is manufactured, not only in the town, but in the country ; and there are extensive bleachtields, and several flour mills. — This parish is a rector v in the dio. of Raphoe, and ron*ititutes the seat of tLe benetkeof Tulltaonish: which see. Tithe composition, £509 7«. 4d. The rhiM-ch was built, in I8'25. at the cost of £2,146 8s. 01^(1.; and, excepting £563 16s. lid., this cost >vas defrayed by donations from Trinity college, Dublin, the late Archbishop of Dublin, the late Sir James Stewart, the late Thomas Brooke, and the Rev. C. H. Ussher, the incumbent. Sitting 500 ; attendance •J38. Three Presbyterian roeetnig-houses of the General Assembly, two of which were formerly of the Synod of Ulster, and the other of the Secession Synoii, are attended by respectively 750, 365, and 300. T wo Covenanting meeting-houses are attended each by 250, a We>leyan meeting-hou«e by 75, and a Roman Catholic chapel, which has an officiate for itself. l>y 600. h\ 1834, the parishioners consisted of 524 Churchmen, 1.898 Presbyterians, and 2,769 Roman Catholics ; a Sunday school at Glenlary was attended by 79 bovs and 63 girls; and 10 daily schools, 3 of which were in connexion with the London Hibernian Society, and one was aided with JL'll Is. 6d. from Robinson's Benefaction, had on their books 718 boys and 497 girk. In 1840, a boys* school and a girls* school in Ramelton were salaried each with £4 from the National Board.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 146

39. Knockmealdown Mountains interior range

    near Knockmealdown Mountains · mountain or mountain range · Waterford

    The Knockmealdown mountains form a broad interior range extending 15 miles nearly parallel to the coast. They place their watershed along the boundary between County Waterford and County Tipperary, lying 13 to 24 miles from the sea.

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    The Cummeragh or MonavuUagh mountains in co. Waterford, form a continuous range, with some offshoots and partial disseverments, from the vicinity of the head of Dungarvan Harbour, northward to the southern vicinity of the town of Clonmel ; they lie at the distance of from 4^ to 18 miles from the sea ; and their principal summits are a height 3| miles north-north-west of the town of Dungarvan 608 feet, a height 3| miles north-east by north of Dungarvan 966, a height 4 miles north-north-east of Dungarvan 1,039, a height 6J miles north-east of Dungarvan 1,321, a height 7 miles west-south-west of Kilmacthomas 1,952, Seefin 2,387, a height 2 miles east-north-east of Seefin 2,180, a height 3^ miles east of Seefin 1,248, a height 2| miles north-west of Seefin 1,321, a height 3 miles north-east of Seefin 2,597, a height 3| miles north-north-east of Seefin 2,504, a height 5J miles west-north-west of Seefin 864, a height 4J miles north-north-west of Seefin 867, a height 4| miles north-north-east of Seefin 2,028, a height 7| miles north-east by east of Seefin 1,285, Knockanaffrin 2,478, a height 1^ mile north-north-west of Knockanaffrin 2,181, a height 2 miles north-north-west of Knockanaffrin 1,751, a height 3J miles north by west of Knockanaffrin 1,225, a height 3| miles east-south-east of Clonmel 1,875, a height 1^ mile south of Clonmel 1,081, a height 3| miles south-east of Clonmel 1,225, a height 4 miles south-south-west of Clonmel 1,071, a height 4f miles south-west of Clonmel 721, a height 1| mile north by west of Kilmacthomas 400, and a height 1^ mile north of Kilmacthomas 540. The mountains of Drum extend parallel to the coast between Dungarvan and the vicinity of Youghal Harbour, at the distance of from 1 J mile to 8 miles from the sea ; and their principal summits have altitudes of 500, 664, 709, 759» 625, 664, 782, 728, 993, 695, 807, and 452 feet above sea-level. The Knockmeledown mountains are a broad interior range, at the distance of from 13 to 24 miles from the sea, extending 15 miles in a direction nearly parallel with the coast, and placing their watershed along the boundary between co. Waterford and co. Tipperary; and their principal summits are a height 2| miles north-west of Cappoquin 653 feet, a height 3 miles north-east of Cappoquin 689, Crow Hill 1,003, a height IJ mile west-north-west of Crow Hill 1,096, Dyrick 1,297, Knocknamask 1,591, a height 1| mile east of Knocknamask 1,417, Knocknafallia 2,199, Knockanare 2,149, Knockmeledown 2,609, Knockasterkin 2,084, a height 1^ mile west-south-west of Knockasterkin 1,668, a height 3 miles south by west of Knockasterkin 1,086, a height 3 miles north-west of Lismore 732, a height 4| miles north-north-east of Ballyduff, 1,031, a height 3j miles north of Ballyduff 1;164, a height

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 16

40. Lead mines at Ballyhighland, Wexford

    Ballyhighland · townland · Wexford

    Lead mines in the vicinity of the Ballyhighland seat near Killane were worked, then abandoned, and a few years before 1846 re-opened. The seat was the property of John Howlen, Esq.

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    BALLYHIGHLAND, a seat andamimng locality at or near the boundary between the baronies of Bantry and Scare walsh, and 2 miles east of the vil* lage of Killane, co. Wexford, Leinster. The seat is the property of John Howlen, Esq. ; and lead mines in its vicinity were worked, abandoned, and a few years ago re-opened.

    BALLYHOE, a lake on the boundary between CO. Meath, Leinster, and co. Monaghan, Ulster. It is situated 3^ miles north of Drumcondra, close to the road from Dublin to Londonderry ; and is formed by an expansion of the river Lagan. ^ The country around, though prevailingly hilly, is broken and varied with meadows, marshes, bogs, and loughleta. In 1539, a battle was fought here by the English under Lord Grey, and the Ulster Irish under O'NeiL

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 152

41. Little Island and its old castle on the Suir

    Little Island · townland · Waterford

    Little Island in the River Suir belongs to the parish of Ballinakill, Co. Waterford. The island is about a mile long and 180 acres in area, containing an old castle and possessing a pleasant, charming, softly picturesque aspect.

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    B.VLLINAKILL, or Balltnakill, a parish in the north-wcKt corner of the barony of Gualtier, co. Waterford, Munster. Length, I| mile; breadth, 1; area, 1.877 acres. Pop., in 1831, 609; in 1841, 639. Hou«eH 81. The surface lies along the Suir, from a point al>out a mile east of Waterford, and entirely consists of excellent arable land. Little Island, in the Suir, belongs to the perish; it is about a mile in length, and 180 acres in area; and it contains an old castle, and has a pleasant, charming, softly picture*que aspect. Opposite this island, and nearly on the lip of the river, i^tandt the agreeable seat of Ballinakill.house. The road from Waterford to Passage traverses the parish, and commands, at most I points, a brilliant vi^'W of the city, the luxuriant banks of the river, and a considerable stretch of , water, studded with sailing vessels, or ploughed [

    with steamers. — This parish is a vicarage in the dio. of Waterford. The vicarial tithes are compounded for £55 Is. 9d., and the rectorial for £84 Is. 9d. ; and the latter are appropriated to the dean and chapter of Waterford cathedral. The vicarages of Ballinakill, Balltgukner, Kilmaclkaoue, and Kil- M AcoMB [see these articles], constitute the benefice of Ballinakill. Length, 4 miles; breadth, 2|. Gross income, £245 Os. lOd. ; nett, £226 12s. 9d. Patron, the diocesan. The church, situated in Ballinakill, was built in 1818 by means of a gia of £a30 158. 4^d. from the late Board of First Fruits. Sittings 200; average attendance, 180 in summer, 100 in winter. The Roman Catholic chapel is in Ballygunner. In 1834, the Protestants of the parish amounted to 90, and the Roman Catholics to 529; the Protestants of the union to 174, and the Roman Catholics to 3,026; and 3 dailv schools in the union, one of which was in Ballinakill, had on their books 1 13 boys and 57 girls. The Ballinakill school is whollv supported by bequest of Bishop Fay ; it boards, educates, and apprentices 50 boys, though, in 1834, it had only 47 on the foundation ; and it affords instruction in reading, writing, arithmetic, book-keeping, and grammar.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 148

42. Metallic mine at Derrynoose, County Armagh

    near Derrynoose · parish · Armagh

    A metallic mine at Derrynoose in County Armagh was one of only two mines still operating in the north of Ireland. Formerly productive mines across the region had been abandoned following a decline in copper and lead prices.

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    " With the exception of granite, which is used as ft valuable building-stone, and some inferior slate quarries which occur in different parts of the counties of D^rry, Tyrone, and Donegal, and also in parts of the counties of Down, Klldare, and Wicklow, the only valuable rock, in an economical point of view, is primary limestone, which occurs in great abuj^idance throughout the schistose districts of the counties of Derry, Donegal, Tyrone, and Galway. This substance is chiefly valuable for manure when burned into lime ; but in some districts the limestone beds occasionaUy produce beautiful varieties of crystalline marble of various tints, as white, rose, find dove colour ; and, in co. Galway, large quarries have been opened, containing a valuable kind of serpentine, -striped and mottled, white and green, from which blocks of large dimensions have been raised. The whole of these primary and transition schistose districts contain metalliferous veins ; but a few only of those which are known have been worked, and, no doubt, many yet remain undiscovered. Owing to the great decrease in the prices of copper and lead during the last few years, many mines, formerly at work, have been abandoned ; and at present no metallic mines are in operation in the north of Ireland, with the exception of one containing lead at Clonhig, ftear Kewton-Ardes, in co. Down, and another at Derrynoose, in co. Armagh^ Of the numerous copper and lead veins known in co. Wicklow, only four are at present at work ; namely, the lead mines of Lugganure and Glenmalure, situated on the boundary of the granite and slate, and the copper mines of 3allymurtagh and Cronbane, in ihe vale of Ovoca, 6 miles to the west of Arklow^ The metalliferous relations of the counties of Wicklow and Wexford have been described in great detail by Mr. Weaver, in his valuable Memoir, contained in the 6th vol. of * The Transactions of the Geological Society of London.* It is consequently unnecessary to enter further on the subject in this place. At present there are no mines working in the primary mountain districts of the counties of Leitriqi, Sligo, Mayo, and Galway ; but many, both of copper and lead, are known, and have been worked at former periods with considerable success."

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 23

43. Mining operations commenced at Ardtully near Kenmare

    Ardtully · townland · Kerry

    Mining operations had lately been commenced with great spirit at Ardtully, near Kenmare in County Kerry. This was part of renewed mining activity in the southern clay slate district of Waterford, Cork, and Kerry.

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    A seventh district of great extent — and the third which contains a large aggregate of transition rocks — stretches .from Waterford on the east, to Dingle bay on the west, and comprehends very nearly the whole of co. Waterford, and large portions of the counties of Cork and Kerry. This district contains abundance of carboniferous or mountain limestone, and two varieties of transition slate, an older and aoiewer. The limestone forms the bottom of the valleys of all the principal rivers, and is found aroundthe edges of the great sea^loughs and bays. The older transition slate is grey in colour, of similar age, composition, and structure, to Uiat of Down, Eildare, Widclow, and Wexford, and extensively mitable to be used as roofing slate; and it is successfully quarried at Glenpatrick in co. Waterfd^, and West Carbery in cq. Cork. '^ The second or newer slate, usually rests unconformably on the older. The lower portions of its strata consist of alternating beds of brownish red quartzese conglomerate, and coarse red slate. These strata are succeeded by alternations of red and grey quartz rock, red quartzose slate, and clay slate, the grain becoming gradually finer as the be^s accumulate and recede farther from the conglomerate, till at length the upper beds produce varieties of purple, brownish, red, and reddish grey clay slate, which are quarried and used as roofing slate, particularly in the vaUey of the river Blackwatcr, near Lismore. In the counties of Waterford and Cork, these strata form successive undulations, the ridges of which have an east and west direction, and the beds jalways incline towards the valleys of the principal rivers, And thus form troughs, which are filled by indurated sandstone and secondary limestone, whose strata rost conformably on the day slate. The southern clay slate district contains several copper and lead mines of great value, some of which are now being worked on an extensive scale, and with signal success, particularly those of Knockmahon in co. Waterford, and of Allihies near Berehaven in co. Cork. Mining operations have lately been commenced with great spirit at Ardtully, near Kenmare, in co. Kerry ; and extensive works have, till within a short period, been carried on at the Ardley copper minesi near the southrwestem coast of co. Cork,"

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 23

44. Mizen Head as a diagonal extreme

    near Mizen Head · promontory · Cork

    Mizen Head in County Cork marks the southern end of the larger diagonal of Ireland's rhomboid outline, extending from Tor Head in County Antrim and measuring 302 miles.

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    The outline of continental Ireland b proximately that of a rhomboid ; and, in a general view, is greatly more continuous or loss indented and undulated by cuts and sweeps of the sea than the outline of continental Great Britain. The larger diagonal of the rhomboid extends from Tor Head in co. Antrim to Mizen Head in co. Cork, and measures 302 miles ;* and the shorter extends from Camsore Point in co. Wexford to Erris Head in co. Mayo, and measures 210 miles. The longest meridional line extends nearly from Bloody-Foreland in oo. Donegal to the Old Head of Kinsale in co. Cork, and measures 237 miles ; and the longest latitudinal line extends from Quintin Point at the mouth of Lough Strangford in co. Down to Emlogh-Rash on the west coast of co. Mayo, and measures about 182 miles. But the breadth of the qpuntry from Dundalk to Ballyshannon is only 85 miles ; that from Belfast to Donegal is only 90 ; and that from Dublin to the head of Galway bay, not more than 108. No part of Ireland is farther than 50 or 55 miles from either the open sea or some marine inlet ; and very few fertile or densely peopled portions of it are many miles distant from some seaward navigation. The area of the entire kingdom comprehends 13,464,300 acres of arable land, 6,295,735 of uncultivated land, 374,482 of pl^Utions, 42,929 of towns, and 630,825 of fresh water,— in all, 20,808,271 acres.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 2

45. Mount Eagle screens Dingle Bay

    Mount Eagle · site · Kerry

    The south-west base or spur of Mount Eagle forms the real screen on the north side of the entrance to Dingle Bay. It is situated 1.5 miles south-east of Dunmore Head, which is merely the reputed screen.

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    line of the andulftting shore ; a line from the west side of the entrance of Kinsale Harbour to the Old Head of Kinsale, at the termination of a narrow and comparatively long peninsula, extends ■oath by westward, measures 6^ miles, and places the east coast of the peninsula, with its small headlanda, ai the mean distance of about three-fourthi of a mile to the west ; a line from the Old Head of Kinsale to the Seven Heads extends westnsouth-westward, measures 8{ miles, and passes across the entrance of Courtmacsherry bay, placing Kinahemsey Point, Barry Point, and other small headlands within the bay to the north-west ; a line from the Seven Heads to Gaily Head extends wett-south- westward, measures 9^ miles, and passes across the entrance of Clonakilty bay ; a line from Gaily Head to Toe Head extends west-south-westward, measures 12^ miles, and passes across the entrance of the large exterior bay whose ramifications, or interior parts, constitute the bays of Boss, Glandore, and Castlehaven ; a line frt>m Toe Head to the east side of the entrance of Baltimore Harbour extends in the direction of west by south, measures 6^ miles, and is partly coincident with the shore, but chiefly passes across the entrance of the twin bays of Toe and Barlog ; and a line from the east side of the entrance of Baltimore Harbour to Mizen Head at the south-west extremity of the mainland, extends in the direction of half a point south of west, measures 19^ miles, passes through the middle of Innisherkin, places the centre of Cape Clear Island 2^ miles to the south, places to the north the intricate archipelago terminating in Roaring- Water bay, and coincides over only a mile or two with either the shore itself or its immediate vicinity. The whole coast from Cork Harbour to Baltimore is exceedingly diversified, abounds in pleasant and brilliant scenery, and, in a general view, presents a bluff breastwork to the sea, has soft and gentle shores in the upper parts of its bays or other recesses, and terminates a seaboard of prevailingly undulating and tumulated sarhce. The coast westward of Baltimore, or rather on the west flank of the archipelago terminating in Roaring- Water bay, consists of the steep hce of lofty declivities, overlooked by the mountain-summits of Knockmadden and Mount- Gabriel, at the altitude of respectively 1,029 and 1,335 feet above sea-level ; and even Mizen Head itself exhibits the rapid dive into the sea of a hill whose summit has an altitude of 759 feet. A straight line frt>m Mizen Head to Sheep^s Head extends in the direction of north by west, measures 6^ miles, and nearly coincides with the shore to Three Castle Head, and then passes across the entrance of Dunmanus bay -, a line from Sheep's Head to BlackbuU Head extends west-northwestward, measures 8} miles, and passes across the entrance of Bantry bay ; a line from BlackbuU Head to Crow Head extends westward, measures 5} miles, and places the shore at the mean distance of about three-fourths of a mile to the north ; a line from Crow Head to Lamb Head extends in the direction of north by east half east, measures 11 miles, traverses a small part of Dursey Island, nearly coincides with Garrinish Point, places Cod's Head 1^ mile to the east, and then passes across the entrance of the Kenmare estiuury ; and a line from Lamb Head to Bolus Head extends west-north-westward, measures 9^ miles, places the shore to Hogg Head at the mean distance of 1} mile to the north, and then passes across the entrance of BallinaskeUigs bay. The shore and the seaboard, over all the distance frt>m Mizen Head to Bolus Head, even including by fiur the greater portion of the iar-extending inroads of the sea, are lofty, rugged, and impressive, affording shelter frx>m the winds chiefly or almost only among curves of cliffs and between spurs of mountains ; and Bolus Head itself lifts its summit to the altitude of no less than 1,351 feet above 8ea4eveL The coast from Bolus Head to Bray Head, at the western extremity of Yalentia Island, prevailingly trends north-north-westward, is defined by a straight line of 7 j miles in extent, bat Hfis to the east of that line at the mean distance of about a mile ; and it maintains the same diaracter as the coast south-east of Bolus Head, and is immediately overhung by the summits of KnockagaUsky, Lateeve Hill, Coraghmore, and Corraghbeg. Yalentia Island lies so compactly with the mainland, and in a general view so much and curvingly within the mainland's prevailing coast-Hne, that it cannot be very easily treated as possessing an insular situation. Straight lines from Bray Head to Mount-Ea^e, from Bray Head to Doulas Head, and from Doulas Head to Monni-Eag^e, measure and extend respectively 14 miles north by half-westward, 6} miles northeastward, and 11^ miles north-north-westward ; and both the first and the third of them may be regarded as passing across the entrance of Dingle bay. The south-west base or epur of Mount-Eagle^ Ibrming the real screen of the north side of the entrance of Dingle bay, is situated 1^ mile southcast of Dnnmore Head, the reputed screen ; and a straight line from the latter to Cape Sybil extends northward, measures 5 miles, and is nearly coincident with the bold and mountain-laden shore. The coast from Cape Sybil to Brandon Head trends north-eastward, measures 15^ miles, is marked by Dunoorlin and Ballydavid Heads and indented with Smerwick Harbour, and exhibits surpassing wildness and loftiness on its immediate seaboard, a chief and fetr-spreading feature being the sea-washed mountain of Brandon, whose summit soars to the altitude of 3,126 feet above sea-leveL A straight line from Brandon Head to Kerry Head extends north-eastward, measures 12} miles, 1 1^ mile to the north-west of the termination of the low flat peninsula between Brandon bt/

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 3

46. Nimmo's proposed pier at Annagh

    Annagh · townland · Mayo

    Engineer Mr. Nimmo identified the bight of Annagh on the Mullet's west coast as the only suitable location for a small pier, estimating a cost of £1,000. He suggested it would support a fishing village convenient to Binghamstown and Belmullet.

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    ANNAGH, a small peninsula, popularly but quite erroneously called an island, in the district of the Mullet, barony of Erris, co. l^iayo, Connaught. It projects from the west coast of the Mullet, at a point 5} miles south-south-west of Erris Head, and forms the south screen of the landlocked natural harbour of Portafranka : which see. It has an area of about 300 acres, and is connected with the mainland by a very narrow isthmus of sand. Mr. Nimmo recommended the construction, in the bight of Annagh, of a small pier which should cost £1,000; and pronounced the place the only suitable position for one on all the west coast of the Blullet. *' A lishing-village here," he suggests also, " would be within a couple of miles of the rising towns of Bingbamstown and Belmullet, and of course most conveniently situated for communication with the interior."

    ANNAGH, an extensive bog, partly in the half barony of Bally moe, co. Galway, but chiefly in the tMirony of Castlerea, co. Roscommon, Connaught. It extends 4^ miles south-i<outh-eastward from a point 2j miltfs we^^t of Castlcrea to a point halfa-mile north-east of Bnllymoe ; and comprehends Hn area of 4,4(M English avrw. Thin statement, however, ait well as our further notice of the

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 112

47. North Ballintobber barony along the Shannon

    Termonbarry · parish · Roscommon · 1641–1841

    The eastern section of the Ballintobber territory, now North Ballintobber barony, extends along the Shannon from the demesne of Charleston near Drumsna and Jamestown to the mouth of the Feurish river below Tarmonbarry. It contains extensive bog between the Shannon and the Slievebawn ridge, with only the villages of Tarmonbarry and Rooskey.

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    BALLINTOBBER, the most extensive subdivision or baronial district of co. Roscommon, Connaught. It exists in three mutually detached sections, which figure on the map like tnree of the nine integral parts or grand subdivisions of the county ; and, though recently erected into three distinct baronies, named Castlerea, North Ballmtobber, and South Ballintobber, it formerly constituted only one barony. Mr. Weld, estimating the superficial extent of the whole at 162,622 acres, distributes it into 122,962 acres of arable land, 37,73'( acres of bog, and 2,106 acres of water. The eastern section, now the barony of North Ballintobber, has the form of a slender oblong, extends along the Shannon, from the demesne of Charleston, near Drumsna and Jame»- town, to the mouth of the Feurish river below Tarmonbarry; and is, in consequence, zoned on one side by the river and its lacustrine expansions, and on the ether by the barony of Roscommon. The southern section, now constituting the barony of South Ballintobber, and containing the town of Roscommon, has proximately a square form ; reaches, at the near* est point, to within 3 miles of the eastern section's extremity at the mouth of the Feurish; and is bounded on the north by the barony of Reseommon, on the east by the Shannon, on the south by the barony of Athlone, and on the west bv the barony of Athlone and the half-barony of Ballymoe. The western section, now called the barony of Castlerea, has a very irregular outline, approaches to within Y^ mile of the north-west corner of the southern section, and 6} miles of the nearest part of the eastern section ; sends oat a long south-westward projection between co. Mayo and co. Galway ; and is elsewhere bounded by the half-barony of Ballymee, and the baronies of Roscommon and Boyle. The sections are not remarkably unequal in size, but the eastern is the smallest, and the western the largest. — The eastern section, or North Ballintobber, comprises the parishes of Kilmore and Tarmonbarfy, and the chief part of Kilglass; it contains, between the Shannon and the north end of the great sandstone ridge of Slievebawn, a lar^e aggregate of bog ; it consists, te the west of the Slievebawn ridge, of highly improvable land [see Gillstown] ; and, though it contains numerous hamlets, or clusters of cabins, especially on sound land in the vicinity of its bogs, it has only inconsiderable villages, and no towns except Tarmonbarry and Rooskey. Area, 34,123 acres. Pop., in 1641, 19,3^0. Houses 3,367. Families employed chiefly in agriculture, 2,920; in manufactures aiid trade, 469; in other pursuits, 169. Males at and above 5 years of age who could read and write, 2,694; who could read but not write, 1.647; who could neither read nor write, 4,042. Females at and above 5 years of age who could read and write, 809 ; who could read but not write,

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 152

48. Old church ruins on Foughart Hill

    Faughart · parish · Louth

    The remains of an old church stand on Foughart Hill within the parish of Ballymascanlon. The parish church of Ballymascanlon itself is also old and of unknown date, enlarged in 1821.

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    acres. Pop. of the whole, in 1831, 6,339 ; in 1841, 6,674. Houses 1,159. Pop. of the Lower Dundalk section, in 1841. 6,565. Houses 1,137. A range of mountains extends about 7^ miles north and south, and occupies nearly half the area; but, excepting one summit called Carraquet, the range has no particular name. It is all salubrious, affords tolerable summer pasture, and varies in value from 5s. to 30s. per plantation acre. The rest of the area is low ground ; all, excepting about 200 acres of meadow, regularly subject to tillage ; and worth, per plantation acre, from 30s. to £3. Bogs are aggregately of very trivial extent. The rivulet Flurry bisects the interior south-eastward to fall into the sea at Dundalk. A little circular loughlet gives the name of Loughanmore to the townland in which it lies, and possesses some features of beauty. Limestone abounds and is quarried ; and iron ore is supposed to be plentiful in the uplands. The interior is traversed by both the old and the new roads from Dublin to Belfast, and by both the trunk and the ramifications of the road from Carlingford to Newry. Within the parochial limits are the village of Ravensdale, and the demesnes and mansions of Ravensdale and Ravensdale Park. See Ratenb- DALE. Other seats are numerous; but, excepting Bally mascanlon-house, the seat of J. W. M*Neale, Esq., they are noticeable only in the aggregate. Two bleach-greens, a small starch manufactory, and about 50 or 60 looms, sum up the chief means of manufacturing produce. A disnensary in the parish is within the Dundalk Poor-law union; and, in 1839-40, it received and expended £72 13s., and administered to 814 patients. The antiquities are the remains of an old church on Foughart hill, the remains of an old castle at Ballymascanlon, several raths or Danish forts, and a pensile monument, consisting of three great pillars and a ponderous impost, and called the Giant's Load. One of the raths is noticed in the following terms bjjr Dr. Ledwich : " On the lands of Ballymascanlon, in the countv of Louth, is a large rath, and on it a great stone, having in the centre a cross with four smaller ones. About 30 yards from the rath is an entrance into a cave running under the rath, but it has not been explored. Tradition calls this the tomb of MacScanlan. One of that name was king of Fignitie, and had a great battle with the Gauls, a. d. 833. Whether Fignitie was Ballymascanlon is not easv to determine: however, the stone with crosses and the cave show a compound of Christian and pagan ideas similar to that at New Grange ; and hence I am led to conclude, from the substructure of the latter, that it was the work of semi-Christian Ostmen of the 9th century." — This parish was anciently a lordship of the abbey of MelUfbnt; and its rectorial tithes belonged to that abbey's community. It is now tithe free, and wholly impropriate ; and it forms a perpetual curacy and separate benefice, in the dio. bf Armagh. The impropriators are the representatives of Sir H. J. Goodricke. Bart. ; and toev pay the curate £18 9s. 2id. of salary,— who also has £73 18s. from Boulter's Fund, and a glebe worth £30. Gross income, £122 7s. 2id. ; nett, £105 14s. djd. Patrons, the impropriators. The church is old and of unknown date; but was enhirged in 1821, bv means of a loan of £507 13s. lO^d. from the late Board of First Fruits. Sittings 300; attendance, 50 in winter, 90 in summer. The church of Fau^hart is within the border of Ballymascanlon ; yet wOl more properly be noticed in the article on its own parish. Two Roman Catholic chapels at Dolargy and Redmont are included in one parochial arrangement, and have attendances, the former of from 8U0 to 9UUli and the latter of 600. A Roman Catholic chapel at

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 152

49. Old Head of Kinsale peninsula

    near Old Head of Kinsale · promontory · Cork

    The Old Head of Kinsale sits at the termination of a narrow and comparatively long peninsula. A line from the west side of the entrance of Kinsale Harbour to the Old Head extends south by westward for about 6.5 miles.

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    line of the andulftting shore ; a line from the west side of the entrance of Kinsale Harbour to the Old Head of Kinsale, at the termination of a narrow and comparatively long peninsula, extends ■oath by westward, measures 6^ miles, and places the east coast of the peninsula, with its small headlanda, ai the mean distance of about three-fourthi of a mile to the west ; a line from the Old Head of Kinsale to the Seven Heads extends westnsouth-westward, measures 8{ miles, and passes across the entrance of Courtmacsherry bay, placing Kinahemsey Point, Barry Point, and other small headlands within the bay to the north-west ; a line from the Seven Heads to Gaily Head extends wett-south- westward, measures 9^ miles, and passes across the entrance of Clonakilty bay ; a line from Gaily Head to Toe Head extends west-south-westward, measures 12^ miles, and passes across the entrance of the large exterior bay whose ramifications, or interior parts, constitute the bays of Boss, Glandore, and Castlehaven ; a line frt>m Toe Head to the east side of the entrance of Baltimore Harbour extends in the direction of west by south, measures 6^ miles, and is partly coincident with the shore, but chiefly passes across the entrance of the twin bays of Toe and Barlog ; and a line from the east side of the entrance of Baltimore Harbour to Mizen Head at the south-west extremity of the mainland, extends in the direction of half a point south of west, measures 19^ miles, passes through the middle of Innisherkin, places the centre of Cape Clear Island 2^ miles to the south, places to the north the intricate archipelago terminating in Roaring- Water bay, and coincides over only a mile or two with either the shore itself or its immediate vicinity. The whole coast from Cork Harbour to Baltimore is exceedingly diversified, abounds in pleasant and brilliant scenery, and, in a general view, presents a bluff breastwork to the sea, has soft and gentle shores in the upper parts of its bays or other recesses, and terminates a seaboard of prevailingly undulating and tumulated sarhce. The coast westward of Baltimore, or rather on the west flank of the archipelago terminating in Roaring- Water bay, consists of the steep hce of lofty declivities, overlooked by the mountain-summits of Knockmadden and Mount- Gabriel, at the altitude of respectively 1,029 and 1,335 feet above sea-level ; and even Mizen Head itself exhibits the rapid dive into the sea of a hill whose summit has an altitude of 759 feet. A straight line frt>m Mizen Head to Sheep^s Head extends in the direction of north by west, measures 6^ miles, and nearly coincides with the shore to Three Castle Head, and then passes across the entrance of Dunmanus bay -, a line from Sheep's Head to BlackbuU Head extends west-northwestward, measures 8} miles, and passes across the entrance of Bantry bay ; a line from BlackbuU Head to Crow Head extends westward, measures 5} miles, and places the shore at the mean distance of about three-fourths of a mile to the north ; a line from Crow Head to Lamb Head extends in the direction of north by east half east, measures 11 miles, traverses a small part of Dursey Island, nearly coincides with Garrinish Point, places Cod's Head 1^ mile to the east, and then passes across the entrance of the Kenmare estiuury ; and a line from Lamb Head to Bolus Head extends west-north-westward, measures 9^ miles, places the shore to Hogg Head at the mean distance of 1} mile to the north, and then passes across the entrance of BallinaskeUigs bay. The shore and the seaboard, over all the distance frt>m Mizen Head to Bolus Head, even including by fiur the greater portion of the iar-extending inroads of the sea, are lofty, rugged, and impressive, affording shelter frx>m the winds chiefly or almost only among curves of cliffs and between spurs of mountains ; and Bolus Head itself lifts its summit to the altitude of no less than 1,351 feet above 8ea4eveL The coast from Bolus Head to Bray Head, at the western extremity of Yalentia Island, prevailingly trends north-north-westward, is defined by a straight line of 7 j miles in extent, bat Hfis to the east of that line at the mean distance of about a mile ; and it maintains the same diaracter as the coast south-east of Bolus Head, and is immediately overhung by the summits of KnockagaUsky, Lateeve Hill, Coraghmore, and Corraghbeg. Yalentia Island lies so compactly with the mainland, and in a general view so much and curvingly within the mainland's prevailing coast-Hne, that it cannot be very easily treated as possessing an insular situation. Straight lines from Bray Head to Mount-Ea^e, from Bray Head to Doulas Head, and from Doulas Head to Monni-Eag^e, measure and extend respectively 14 miles north by half-westward, 6} miles northeastward, and 11^ miles north-north-westward ; and both the first and the third of them may be regarded as passing across the entrance of Dingle bay. The south-west base or epur of Mount-Eagle^ Ibrming the real screen of the north side of the entrance of Dingle bay, is situated 1^ mile southcast of Dnnmore Head, the reputed screen ; and a straight line from the latter to Cape Sybil extends northward, measures 5 miles, and is nearly coincident with the bold and mountain-laden shore. The coast from Cape Sybil to Brandon Head trends north-eastward, measures 15^ miles, is marked by Dunoorlin and Ballydavid Heads and indented with Smerwick Harbour, and exhibits surpassing wildness and loftiness on its immediate seaboard, a chief and fetr-spreading feature being the sea-washed mountain of Brandon, whose summit soars to the altitude of 3,126 feet above sea-leveL A straight line from Brandon Head to Kerry Head extends north-eastward, measures 12} miles, 1 1^ mile to the north-west of the termination of the low flat peninsula between Brandon bt/

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 3

50. Peculiar jurisdictions of deans in Lismore, St Canice, St Patrick, and Christ Church

    Lismore · town · Waterford

    The deans of Lismore, St Canice, St Patrick, and Christ-church exercised peculiar jurisdictions within their respective deaneries. These were notable exceptions to the standard ecclesiastical authority structure.

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    The ettahliihed church of Ireland is Protestant Episcopalian, dosd/ modelled upon the Angiicany and to intimatelj connected with it that the two are often styled the United Church of England •od Ireland. The original episcopacy of Ireland comprised a very large though unascertained anmber of bishopricB ; it afterwards became, for many centuries, reduced to 32 ; and it eventually sofTered a consolidation of these 32, first into 22, and next into 12. All the thirty-two dioceses stiU continue distinct in statistics ; all have a separate constitution and separate officers ; and the Barnes of all are as ftilly retained in topography as if each had still its own bishop. Four of the thirty-two, down to the period of the last and recent consolidation, were archbishoprics, — Armagh, Dublin, Cashel, and Tuam ; and the occupants of them were entitled respectively the Primate and Metropolitan of all Ireland, the Primate and Metropolitan of Ireland, the Primate and Metropolitan of Munster, and the Primate and Metropolitan of Connaught. The sees suffiragan to Armagh were Dromore, Down, Connor, Derry, Raphoe, Clogher, Kilmore, Ardagh, and Meath ; those suffragan to Dublin were Kildare, Ossory, Ferns, and Leighlin ; those suffragan to Cashel were Bmly, Waterford, Lismore, Cork, Boss, Cloyne, Limerick, Ardfert, Killaloe, and Kilfenora ; and thoae suffragan to Tuam were Clonfert, Kilmacduagh, Elphin, Killalla, and Achonry. The ten tnioni of sees which reduced the number of bishops to 22, and for a long period limited the hierarchy to that number, were Connor with Down, Ardagh with Tuam, Leighlin with Ferns, £mly with Cashel, Lismore with Waterford, Ross with Cork, Ardfert with Limerick, Kilfenora with Killaloe, Kilmacduagh with Clonfert, and Achonry with Killalla. Three other consolidated dioceses survive more or less in name, and in some remnant of their chapters, but have lost their distinctive limits and statistics; and these are Glendalough united to Dublin, Clonmacnoise united to Meath, and Aghadoe united to Ardfert. The Church Temporalities Act of 1833 reduced the archbishoprics of Cashel and Armagh to the rank of bishoprics, transferred to the province of Armagh the bishoprics of Tuam, Killalla, Achonry, and Elphin, in the province of Tuam, transferred to the province of Dublin all the bishoprics in the province of Cashel, and the bishoprics of Clonfert and Kilmacduagh in the province of Tuam, remodelled the arrangement of several imounts of episcopal revenue, ordained the consolidation of all the sees of Ireland under 2 archbishops and 10 bishops, and appointed the consolidation to be effected gradually on the demise of the several bishops whose sees if ere to be united. The twelve principal sees, under the act, • together with the see or sees united to each, are — ^in the province of Armagh — Armagh with Clogher, 3Ieath without any annexation, Derry with Raphoe, Down with Connor and Dromore, Kilmore with Ardagh and Elphin, and Tuam with Killalla and Achonry ; and — in the province of Dublin, — Dublin with Kildare, Ossory with Leighlin and Ferns, Cashel with Emly, Waterford, ind Lismore, Ciojme with Cork and Ross, Killaloe with Kilfenora, Clonfert, and Kilmacduagh, and Limerick with Ardfert. The only dioceses which the new arrangement did not affect as to their extent or annexation, were Meath unannexed and Limerick united to Ardfert. At the close of l!i43, the diocese of Clogher still continued separate from Armagh, and the diocese of Kildare from Dublin ; so that the number of bishops, including the two archbishops, was then 14. The order of precedence is the archbishop of Armagh, the archbishop of Dublin, the bishop of Meath, the bishop of Kilddre, and the other bishops according to the date of their consecration. The einscopal income is derived principally from lands let upon lease of 21 years, and renewed from tune to time at the originally small rent upon pa3rment of fines of fluctuating amount ; and, on an ftverage of three years ending in December, 1831, it amounted to ;£151,127 128. 4^d. gross, and il28,h08 Bs. 3Jd. nett ; but, under the new arrangement, it is reduced to £82,953, — lca>ing a hddance of £G8,175 to be managed by a Board of Commissioners for the general purposes of eccleli&stical discipline and education. The proprietor of the district called the Lordship of Kcwry, is the only party who wields episcopal power within that district, — ^holding his ecclesiastical court, and prranting licences of marriages and probates of wills, under the seal of the religious house to which the Lordship belonged prior to the Reformation ; the warden of Galway wields a peculiar power, closely akin to that of a bishop, within the parishes of the wardenship of Oalway ; and the deans of Lismore, St Canice, St Patrick, and Christ-church, exercise peculiar jurisdictions within their respective deaneries. Three of the 32 dioceses, Meath, Kilmore, and Ardagh, have neither chapter, cathedral, nor economy ; and the first of these has, in lieu of the chapter, a synod presided over by the archdeacon, and consisting of all the beneficed clergymen of the diocese. The corporations of deans and chapters are 30 in number, the diocese of Dublin having two, and each of the remaining 26 dioceses one. The m^ority of the deans and chapters consist of a dean, a precentor, a chancellor, a treasurer, an archdeacon, and prebendaries, — ^the last varying in number, from one as in Dromore to 20 as in St. Patrick's of Dublin. The order of precedence among th«

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 89

51. Precious beryl near Loughs Bray

    near Lough Bray · lake or lakes · Wicklow

    The precious beryl was found embedded in granite near Loughs Bray in County Wicklow.

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    becomes evident that the bottom of the tertiary deposit must be at least 164 feet below the lerel of the sea. The clay district of Lough Neagh is similar to the potter's clay district of Bohvey, in Devonshire ; and pits have been opened in many parts for the purpose of raising pipe day ; but hitherto no beds of a pure white colour have been discovered, at least none which preeerre their white colour when exposed to the heat of the potter's baking furnace ; but there can be no doubt, if proper trials were made in different parts of the district, that pure white potter's clay would be discovered. Potter's clay, similar to that of Lough Neagh, occurs in a valley resting on the carboniferous limestone situated to the south-east of Cahir, in the county of Tipperary ; and many years since, considerable quantities of clay were raised, and exported from thence to the potteries of England. White clay also occurs in a similar position, resting on limestone near St. John's Point, and other localities on the western bank of Lough Ree, in the county of Roscommon." Yesuvian, though of not well developed crystal, has been found at Kilranelagh, in a rock composed of common garnet, quartz, and felspar. Grenalite occurs in a micaceous compound, in the lead mines of Wicklow. The precious beryl has been found embedded in granite near Loughs Bray in CO. Wicklow. Cronebane has been found in the mountains of Wicklow and Dublin. Andalusite occurs in the micaceous schist of Djouce mountain in Wicklow. A mineral nearly allied to andalusite has been found in great abundance at Killincy in co. Dublin. A crystallized mineral of characters very similar to those of indurated talc, accompanies the andalusite of Djouce mountain. Hollow spar, in very distinct specimens, has been found at and near Baltinglass in co. Wicklow. Pitch-stone, traversing granite, occurs near Newry in co. Down. Granular sulphate of baryies, mcoompanied by iron pyrites, has been found on the shore near Clonakilty in co. Cork. Wavellite, Tery similar in its external character and in its analysis to the wavellite of Devonshire, as described bj Sir Humphrey Davy, has been found about 10 miles south-east of the city of Cork. Jaspers of Tarious sizes have been discovered in yellow clay, a few feet below the surface, near the southern extremity of the granite district in co. Kilkenny. Amethysts have been found in the cliffs in the Tidnity of Kerry Head. Transparent crystals, popularly known as Kerry stones, and harder, larger, and more brilliant than Bristol stones, are comparatively abundant in various parts of Kerry. Gold was for several years obtained in rather large quantity on the mountain of Croghan- Kinshela in co. Wicklow. Silver appears to have been obtained in considerable quantities, previous to the Carlist wars of the 17th century, in the lead mines of Antrim, Sligo, and Tipperary. Copper is found at Ross Island in the lower lake of KiUarney ; at Muckross, on the shores of that lake ; at Cronebane and Ballymurtagh in co. Wicklow ; and in some parts of counties Cork, Clare, Mcath, Waterford, and Dublin. Lead occurs near Enniscorthy in co. Wexford ; at Derrynoose in co. Armagh ; near Glendalough in co. Wicklow ; near the city of Dublin ; and in parts of counties Sligo, Antrim, Tipperary, and Donegal Iron ores are plentiful in various parts of Ireland ; and, in the 17th century, they were worked in a number of districts till the circumjacent timber available for smdting was exhausted. The grey ore of manganese has been found in the peninsula of Howth, in various parts of co. Kilkenny, in the Mayo mountains of Glanmore, and in several other counties. Cobalt accompanies the copper of Muckross in co. Kerry ; and a variety of the earth black cobalt ore of Werner, has been found in the peninsula of Howth. Tin stone occurs in Croghanym«h<>U in CO. Wicklow. Porcelain earth, equal in purity to the china clay of Cornwall, has been found in the south-west of co. Wicklow. Mineral springs, chiefly chalybeate, occur in almost every county ; and those most in repute, as the resorts of invalids, are the spa of Ballyspellan near Urlingford in co. Kilkenny, the spa of Lucan near Dublin, the spa of Swanlinbar in co. Cavan, and the spa of Mallow in co. Cork.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 23

52. Principal mountain summits of County Antrim

    near Knocklayd · mountain or mountain range · Antrim

    The principal summits of the Antrim hills are Slieve Mish and Knocklayd. Both mountains have an altitude of less than 1,600 feet above sea-level.

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    The upland division forms, in a general riew, a wild and waste declining platform, — whose seaward face is shorn into bold escarpments, and shelving or mural or colonnaded precipices,— whose summits and interior contour are tamely outlined and slenderly diversified, — and whose westward declivity . is a slowly descending slope toward the basin of Lough Neagh. So near, in general, does the summit-line run to the coa.«t, that the interior streams dT the county, which fidl directly into the sea, or belong not to the systems of the Bann and the Lagan, have, with the exception of the Bush river, a medium length of probably less than three miles. Along tiie summit-line, and athwart nearly all the seaward declivity, the mountains are quite a picture-gallery of landscape ; they combine, in the rarest proportions, power, gfandeur, romance, and beauty; and, in various points, or even along considerable stretches, as at the Giant*s Causeway, at Fair Head, and at Gleiiarm, they so thrill the fancy and, delightfully overawe the mind, as to be altogether worthy of the stirring and fiu'-spread fame which they have acquired among tourists * in search of the picturesque an<l the sublime.* But the details of ^is magnificent coast, this superbly-adorned and opulently varied sea-»creen, ¥rill come so minutely before us piece by piece, in the progress of our work, that, to prevent repetition, we must at present forbear ail attempt at description. The mountains — or rather hills, for thev are moderate in altitude — commence 5 miles south-west by south of Belfast, and about the same distance north- north-east of the roo^t southerly point in the county ; and they extend in an almokt unbroken but curving and sinuous chain of groups and congeries, quite round the coast to the boundary with Londonderry. The principal summits are Slamish, about the middle, and Knocklead, ill the north ; both of which have an altitude of less than 1,600 feet above sea-level. The ravines and gleiis which fling the roaring hill-torrents down to the sea, form singular foils to the inunense masses of basalt and limentone which, now amorphous, and now either of most fantastic or of almost architecturiil format, project from the groups as headlands and promontories. Amon;? the heights which nut ' sheer out to the sea, and htoop precipitously <!o\vii ,

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 113

53. Rebuilding Thomond Bridge in Limerick

    Thomond Bridge · street · Limerick · 1831–1845

    The Board of Works awarded £9,000 for the rebuilding of Thomond Bridge in Limerick. Other Limerick-area public works included completing Wellesley Bridge and docks, and improving local navigation.

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    No. 41. Road from Woodford to new line to Limerick, £959. 46. Road from Glenquin to Goulbum Bridge, County Limerick, £600. 5. Limerick Navigation Company, to improve Works, £8,910. 6. Road leading to Ennis, £205. 7. Ditto to Waterford, £560. 15. Completing Wellesley Bridge and Docks, £25,000. 34. Road leading to Waterford, £296. 35. Road leading to Ennis, £117. 36. Road leading from Abbeyfeal to Glinn, £1,181. 61. Rebuilding Thomond Bridge, £9,000. 68. Barrii^n'a Hospital, £2,500. 70. Limerick Navigation Company, to improve quays, &c., £6,500. 75. Roadfrom Mitcbelstown to Kiliinnane, £1,150. 80. Limerick Bridge, £40,000. 93. Road from Buttevant to Kilfinnane, £400 Total, £97,379.

    The following Return shows the Gross Amount of Public Money advanced under each separate Head of Account for Public Works in Ireland. A lengthened detailed statement was laid before Parliament^ 17th August, 1839, showing the specific application of each sum of money granted: —

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog

54. River Bann and Lough Neagh drainage

    near Coleraine · town · Derry

    The River Bann rises on the south side of the Mourne mountains, traverses Lough Neagh, and falls into the sea. It is tidal and navigable to the Salmon-Leap at Coleraine, a distance of 4 miles.

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    The riyer Foyle is formed by the Finn and the Moume, both voluminous streams, at the bridge of Liffbrd ; drains large sections of the counties of Donegal, Tyrone, and Londonderry ; and, over the lower part of its course, is identified with the shallow but wide marine expansion of Lough Foyle. It is tidal from Magilligan Point to Castle-Finn, a distance of 35 miles ; and navigable for sea-borne vessels to the bridge of Londonderry, a distance of 20 miles, — and for small craft or lighters to the canal at Strabane, and to Castle-Finn, distances above Londonderry of respectively 8 and 17 miles. Its tributkries are the Roe and the Faughan, flowing into the Londonderry side of Lough Foyle ; the Bermot, the Ballymagorry, the Soolybum, and the Bumdale, the two former on the east bank, and the two latter on the west bank, between Londonderry and Lifibrd ; the Derg, joining the Moume, 5 miles above Strabane ; the Moumebeg, joining the Derg, 2 miles above Castle-Derg ; the Eillinbum, the Glenderagin bum, and the Leheny bum, joining the Berg ; the Moyle, the Monterlony, and the Strule, which unite in the vicinity of Newtown-Stewart to form the Moume ; and the Drumnakilty, Berach, Braea, Ballinahally, Whiggery, Fintona, Glenelly, and Owenreagh, bums and rivulets, falling into the great head streams. — The river Bann drains Urge portions of the counties of Down, Armagh, Tyrone, Londonderry, and Antrim, rises on the south side of the Moume mountains, traverses Lough Neagh, and falls into the sea 5 miles westsouth-west of the boundary between Antrim and Londonderry. It is tidal and navigable to the Balmon-Leap at Coleraine, a distance of 4 miles ; and its tributaries are the Ballymoncy, on its right bank, 4 miles above Coleraine, — the Roe, or Macaskin, on its left bank, 4^ miles above Coleraine, — the Agivey, on its left bank, 5 miles above Coleraine, — the Clady, on its left bank, a little below the bridge of Portglenone, — the Ballinderry, on the west side of Lough Neagh, — the Blackwater, at the south-west comer of Lough Neagh, — ^the Six-mile- Water, at the northeast comer of Lough Neagh, — ^and the Maine Water, east of the middle of the north end of Lough Neagh. — The Bush river, on the north coast of co. Antrim, runs only 10 miles, and is occasionally very shallow. The Glenariff and the Glenarm rivulets, on the east coast of Antrim, are tidal over a distance of respectively about 100 perches and about 500 yards ; and all the other rivulets of the north and east of Antrim, have a brief run, are unnavigable, and are Fery slenderly affected by the tides. — ^The Lagan rises among the Slieve-Croob mountains, drains a large part of co. Down, and a considerable part of co. Antrim, and falls into the head of Belfiist Lough at the town of Belfast ; and it is naturally navigable to the vicinity of Lislmm, and is connected by an artificial navigation with Lough Neagh. The Blackwater and the Ballinahinch rivulets fall into the west side of Lough Strangford ; and the latter forms a small estoarial harbour in the vicinity of Downpatrick. The Blackstaff, the Slidderyford, the Kilkeel, and the other rivulets which flow down the east side of co. Down to -the Irish sea, are all very inconsiderable. The Newry river flows into the head of Lough Carlingford ; and, though of comparatively small length and volume, is navigable to Newry, and connected, by artificial navigation, with the Upper Bann and Lough Neagh. — ^The Flurry and the Castletown or Dundalk rivulets drain most of the southern district of co. Armagh, and the northern district of co. Louth, and fidl into Dundalk Harbour, at the head of Dundalk bay ; the Fane rivulet drains portions of counties Aniutgh, Monaghan, and Louth, and falls into Dundalk bay in the vicinity of Lurgan-Green ; and the Glyde and the Dee drain portions of co. Monaghan and co. Meath, and a large portion of co. Louth, and have a joint embouchure at the south side of Dundalk bay. — The Boyne rises in the north-west of 00. Kildare, drains small portions of King^s co., and counties Westmeath, Cavan, and Louth, and bisects and drains the greater part of co. Meath ; it is navigable by sea-bome vessels to Drogheda, tidal to Oldbridge 2^ miles above Drogheda, and navigable, with artificial aid, and by river craft, to Navan ; and its principal tributaries are the Yellow river from King's co., the Blackwater from eo. Kildare, the Stonyford river from co. Westmeath, and the Blackwater and its affluent the Moynalty from co. Cavan. — Nanny Water drains most of the coast district of co. Meath ; but it is •I little practical note. A stream along the boundary between co. Meath and co. Dublin, and four

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 23

55. River Boyne course and tributaries

    Drogheda · town · Louth

    The Boyne rises in north-west Kildare, bisects and drains much of Meath, is navigable by sea-borne vessels to Drogheda, tidal to Oldbridge, and navigable with artificial aid to Navan. Its tributaries include the Blackwater, Stonyford, and Moynalty.

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    The riyer Foyle is formed by the Finn and the Moume, both voluminous streams, at the bridge of Liffbrd ; drains large sections of the counties of Donegal, Tyrone, and Londonderry ; and, over the lower part of its course, is identified with the shallow but wide marine expansion of Lough Foyle. It is tidal from Magilligan Point to Castle-Finn, a distance of 35 miles ; and navigable for sea-borne vessels to the bridge of Londonderry, a distance of 20 miles, — and for small craft or lighters to the canal at Strabane, and to Castle-Finn, distances above Londonderry of respectively 8 and 17 miles. Its tributkries are the Roe and the Faughan, flowing into the Londonderry side of Lough Foyle ; the Bermot, the Ballymagorry, the Soolybum, and the Bumdale, the two former on the east bank, and the two latter on the west bank, between Londonderry and Lifibrd ; the Derg, joining the Moume, 5 miles above Strabane ; the Moumebeg, joining the Derg, 2 miles above Castle-Derg ; the Eillinbum, the Glenderagin bum, and the Leheny bum, joining the Berg ; the Moyle, the Monterlony, and the Strule, which unite in the vicinity of Newtown-Stewart to form the Moume ; and the Drumnakilty, Berach, Braea, Ballinahally, Whiggery, Fintona, Glenelly, and Owenreagh, bums and rivulets, falling into the great head streams. — The river Bann drains Urge portions of the counties of Down, Armagh, Tyrone, Londonderry, and Antrim, rises on the south side of the Moume mountains, traverses Lough Neagh, and falls into the sea 5 miles westsouth-west of the boundary between Antrim and Londonderry. It is tidal and navigable to the Balmon-Leap at Coleraine, a distance of 4 miles ; and its tributaries are the Ballymoncy, on its right bank, 4 miles above Coleraine, — the Roe, or Macaskin, on its left bank, 4^ miles above Coleraine, — the Agivey, on its left bank, 5 miles above Coleraine, — the Clady, on its left bank, a little below the bridge of Portglenone, — the Ballinderry, on the west side of Lough Neagh, — the Blackwater, at the south-west comer of Lough Neagh, — ^the Six-mile- Water, at the northeast comer of Lough Neagh, — ^and the Maine Water, east of the middle of the north end of Lough Neagh. — The Bush river, on the north coast of co. Antrim, runs only 10 miles, and is occasionally very shallow. The Glenariff and the Glenarm rivulets, on the east coast of Antrim, are tidal over a distance of respectively about 100 perches and about 500 yards ; and all the other rivulets of the north and east of Antrim, have a brief run, are unnavigable, and are Fery slenderly affected by the tides. — ^The Lagan rises among the Slieve-Croob mountains, drains a large part of co. Down, and a considerable part of co. Antrim, and falls into the head of Belfiist Lough at the town of Belfast ; and it is naturally navigable to the vicinity of Lislmm, and is connected by an artificial navigation with Lough Neagh. The Blackwater and the Ballinahinch rivulets fall into the west side of Lough Strangford ; and the latter forms a small estoarial harbour in the vicinity of Downpatrick. The Blackstaff, the Slidderyford, the Kilkeel, and the other rivulets which flow down the east side of co. Down to -the Irish sea, are all very inconsiderable. The Newry river flows into the head of Lough Carlingford ; and, though of comparatively small length and volume, is navigable to Newry, and connected, by artificial navigation, with the Upper Bann and Lough Neagh. — ^The Flurry and the Castletown or Dundalk rivulets drain most of the southern district of co. Armagh, and the northern district of co. Louth, and fidl into Dundalk Harbour, at the head of Dundalk bay ; the Fane rivulet drains portions of counties Aniutgh, Monaghan, and Louth, and falls into Dundalk bay in the vicinity of Lurgan-Green ; and the Glyde and the Dee drain portions of co. Monaghan and co. Meath, and a large portion of co. Louth, and have a joint embouchure at the south side of Dundalk bay. — The Boyne rises in the north-west of 00. Kildare, drains small portions of King^s co., and counties Westmeath, Cavan, and Louth, and bisects and drains the greater part of co. Meath ; it is navigable by sea-bome vessels to Drogheda, tidal to Oldbridge 2^ miles above Drogheda, and navigable, with artificial aid, and by river craft, to Navan ; and its principal tributaries are the Yellow river from King's co., the Blackwater from eo. Kildare, the Stonyford river from co. Westmeath, and the Blackwater and its affluent the Moynalty from co. Cavan. — Nanny Water drains most of the coast district of co. Meath ; but it is •I little practical note. A stream along the boundary between co. Meath and co. Dublin, and four

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 23

56. River Lagan and Belfast Lough

    near Belfast · city · Antrim

    The Lagan rises among the Slieve-Croob mountains, drains parts of Down and Antrim, and falls into Belfast Lough at the town of Belfast. It is naturally navigable to Lisburn and connected by artificial navigation with Lough Neagh.

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    The riyer Foyle is formed by the Finn and the Moume, both voluminous streams, at the bridge of Liffbrd ; drains large sections of the counties of Donegal, Tyrone, and Londonderry ; and, over the lower part of its course, is identified with the shallow but wide marine expansion of Lough Foyle. It is tidal from Magilligan Point to Castle-Finn, a distance of 35 miles ; and navigable for sea-borne vessels to the bridge of Londonderry, a distance of 20 miles, — and for small craft or lighters to the canal at Strabane, and to Castle-Finn, distances above Londonderry of respectively 8 and 17 miles. Its tributkries are the Roe and the Faughan, flowing into the Londonderry side of Lough Foyle ; the Bermot, the Ballymagorry, the Soolybum, and the Bumdale, the two former on the east bank, and the two latter on the west bank, between Londonderry and Lifibrd ; the Derg, joining the Moume, 5 miles above Strabane ; the Moumebeg, joining the Derg, 2 miles above Castle-Derg ; the Eillinbum, the Glenderagin bum, and the Leheny bum, joining the Berg ; the Moyle, the Monterlony, and the Strule, which unite in the vicinity of Newtown-Stewart to form the Moume ; and the Drumnakilty, Berach, Braea, Ballinahally, Whiggery, Fintona, Glenelly, and Owenreagh, bums and rivulets, falling into the great head streams. — The river Bann drains Urge portions of the counties of Down, Armagh, Tyrone, Londonderry, and Antrim, rises on the south side of the Moume mountains, traverses Lough Neagh, and falls into the sea 5 miles westsouth-west of the boundary between Antrim and Londonderry. It is tidal and navigable to the Balmon-Leap at Coleraine, a distance of 4 miles ; and its tributaries are the Ballymoncy, on its right bank, 4 miles above Coleraine, — the Roe, or Macaskin, on its left bank, 4^ miles above Coleraine, — the Agivey, on its left bank, 5 miles above Coleraine, — the Clady, on its left bank, a little below the bridge of Portglenone, — the Ballinderry, on the west side of Lough Neagh, — the Blackwater, at the south-west comer of Lough Neagh, — ^the Six-mile- Water, at the northeast comer of Lough Neagh, — ^and the Maine Water, east of the middle of the north end of Lough Neagh. — The Bush river, on the north coast of co. Antrim, runs only 10 miles, and is occasionally very shallow. The Glenariff and the Glenarm rivulets, on the east coast of Antrim, are tidal over a distance of respectively about 100 perches and about 500 yards ; and all the other rivulets of the north and east of Antrim, have a brief run, are unnavigable, and are Fery slenderly affected by the tides. — ^The Lagan rises among the Slieve-Croob mountains, drains a large part of co. Down, and a considerable part of co. Antrim, and falls into the head of Belfiist Lough at the town of Belfast ; and it is naturally navigable to the vicinity of Lislmm, and is connected by an artificial navigation with Lough Neagh. The Blackwater and the Ballinahinch rivulets fall into the west side of Lough Strangford ; and the latter forms a small estoarial harbour in the vicinity of Downpatrick. The Blackstaff, the Slidderyford, the Kilkeel, and the other rivulets which flow down the east side of co. Down to -the Irish sea, are all very inconsiderable. The Newry river flows into the head of Lough Carlingford ; and, though of comparatively small length and volume, is navigable to Newry, and connected, by artificial navigation, with the Upper Bann and Lough Neagh. — ^The Flurry and the Castletown or Dundalk rivulets drain most of the southern district of co. Armagh, and the northern district of co. Louth, and fidl into Dundalk Harbour, at the head of Dundalk bay ; the Fane rivulet drains portions of counties Aniutgh, Monaghan, and Louth, and falls into Dundalk bay in the vicinity of Lurgan-Green ; and the Glyde and the Dee drain portions of co. Monaghan and co. Meath, and a large portion of co. Louth, and have a joint embouchure at the south side of Dundalk bay. — The Boyne rises in the north-west of 00. Kildare, drains small portions of King^s co., and counties Westmeath, Cavan, and Louth, and bisects and drains the greater part of co. Meath ; it is navigable by sea-bome vessels to Drogheda, tidal to Oldbridge 2^ miles above Drogheda, and navigable, with artificial aid, and by river craft, to Navan ; and its principal tributaries are the Yellow river from King's co., the Blackwater from eo. Kildare, the Stonyford river from co. Westmeath, and the Blackwater and its affluent the Moynalty from co. Cavan. — Nanny Water drains most of the coast district of co. Meath ; but it is •I little practical note. A stream along the boundary between co. Meath and co. Dublin, and four

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 23

57. Rolling fertile hills of Down and Armagh

    near Down · parish · Down

    The low country of Ulster, particularly in Down and Armagh, is characterised by a vast, continuous series of low, curved, fertile hills isolated by sinuous dells and mimic vales.

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    The low or champaign country of Ireland can, to a very small extent, be regarded as a series of ▼alleys like the low surface of England, and still less as an alternation of vales with hiUs as in the low grounds of Sootloid ; but on the contrary, is for the most part either such an expanse of apparently dead level, or such a sheet of fitful undulations, or such a labyrinth of diluvial hills and winding hollows, that the stranger who scans it with the most practised eye is rarely able to conjecture the direction of any one prevailing declination. A very large proportion of the low country of Ulster, particularly in Down and Armagh, is such a continuous, vast, and mazy series of low, curved, fertile hills, cut into individual isolation by sinuous dells and dingles and mimic vales, that a Briton who travels among them during only a few hours begins to feel bewilderment with their close scenes of beauty ; a considerable proportion of the entire low grounds of the kingdom, particularly the corcasses of Clare and Limerick, " the golden vale " in Limerigk and Tipperary, and the great grazing district of Dublin and Meath, present the appearance of the most luxuriant steppe or prairie, cut into small sections and sprinkled with human dwellings ; another considerable or even large proportion, as the great district called the Bog of Allen, is a dismal level of brown bog, a horrible chaos of peat and morass, occasionally broken and relieved by edgings of wood and intervening tracts of fiat arable land ; another considerable proportion, as most of the county of Longford and of the great plain of Connaught, combines the characters or interweaves the texture of the grazing fiats and the level bogs ; a smaller proportion, as the remainder of the plain of Connaught and a part of the north of Clare, is a verdant plain profusely encumbered with enormous blocks of naked rock, and forming the '^ Arabia Pctrea" of Ireland; another smaller proportion, or most of the county of Cavan, presents a prevailingly low surface, broken and marred with the tilting up and the cropping out of rock, just as if it had in some degree been shaken and disturbed by an earthquake ; and multitudes of pendicles and tiny districts dispersed throughout the greater part of the otherwise level country, are sheets of horizontal strata lying upon horizontal carboniferous limestone, and tumulated with hillocky accumulations of limestone diluvium. ''The peculiar flatness of the interior of Ireland," observes Mr. GriflSth, ''has been the probable cause of those vast accumulations of alluvial matter, composed of clay and limestone gravel, which, in the form of low but steep ridges of hill, occur so abundantly throughout the middle districts, and which are generally known by the name of Eskcrs. These ridges of limestone gravel probably cfiginated at a period when the country was either wholly or partially submerged, from eddies formed by undulations in the surface. That the surface of the country was exposed to the action of rapid currents of water, is evidenced by the deep parallel scratches, sometimes amounting to lurrows, which may be frequently observed on the surface of solid rocks, when the diluvial soil has been removed. It is probable, also, that the gravel hills were rapidly deposited from water in violent action, from their frequently consisting of an intermixture of large masses of rock partially rounded, with small gravel, and even with clay and sand, The origin of those immense tracts of bog which are everywhere spread over the interior of the fiat country may also be attributed to the stagnant water pent up, as we now find it, above the level of the dry country, by gravel hills which form a continuous ridge, though not of equal height, round the bog edge,* Thus we find Eskers surrounding the several divisions of the great Bog of Allen, and the whole of the bogs contained in the valleys of the rivers 8hannon, Suck, Brusna, Camlin, Inny, and the Barrow, and of its several tributary streams. In many parts of Ireland, the study of the gravel hills becomes highly interesting and instructive, as throwing a light on the direction of the current of the waters. Thus in the county of Mayo, to the eastward of the town of Westport, the whole of the numerous gravel hills with which the country is studded are extremely narrow in a north and south direction, and very long in an east and west direction, having bluff fietces at the eastern extremity, and deep and lengthened valleys between them. This fact shows that, in this place, the direction of the current was westward towards Clew bay ; and it may be remarked that the whole of the limertone gravel islands in that bay partake of the appearance and character of inland gravel hills. In the northern part of the county of Mayo, near to Lough Conn and Killalla bay, the direction of the gravel hills is north and south, having their bluff heads to the south ; hence it msj be argued, that in the >'icinity this current took a northerly course."

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 13

58. Royal College of St. Patrick Maynooth instituted

    Maynooth · town · Kildare · 1795

    The Royal College of St. Patrick at Maynooth was instituted by act of parliament in 1795 for the education of Roman Catholics. It served as a major theological college in Ireland.

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    The colleges for theology, science, and literature, and the schools of medicine and surgery in Ireland, are Trinity College, Dublin, incorporated in 1591, and opened for students in 1593 ; the College of St. Columba, in the county of Meath, opened on Aug. 1, 1843, in strict and exdusiye connection with the United Church <k England and Ireland ; the Royal College of St. Patrick, at Maynooth, instituted by act of parliament, in 1795, for the education of Roman Catholics ; St. Patrick's College at Carlow, St. Jarlath's College at Tuam, and St. Patrick's College at Armagh, for the education of Roman Catholics ; the Roman Catholic Coll^^ at Dublin for Foreign Missions i the Royal Belfast Academical Institution, practically for the education of Protestant Dissenting ministers ; the Belfeist Academy, instituted in 1786 ; the King and Queen's College of Physicians in Ireland, founded by charter of Charles II. ; the School of Physic in Ireland ; the Association of Graduates in Medicine of Trinity College, Dublin, instituted in 1837 ; the Association of Members of the King and Queen's College of Physicians in Ireland, instituted in 1816 ; the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland ; the School of Surgery ; the Dublin Obstetrical Society, establiiJied in 1838 ; the Theatre of Anatomy and School of MecUcine and Surgery, in Peter-^reet, Dublin ; the Apothe* caries' Hall of Ireland ; the School of Medicine of the Apothecaries* Hall of Ireland ; the Society of Apothecaries, established in 1835 ; and the Medical Association of Ireland, established in 1839. The principal literary and scientific institutions have their seat in Dublin, and are the Royal Dublin Society, the Royal Irish Academy, the Royal Hibernian Academy, the Royal Irish Art Union, the Royal Zoological Society, the Geological Society, the Dublin Natural Histoiy Society, the Civil Engineers' Society of Ireland, the Royal Institute of Architects, the Dublin Mechanics* Institution, the Royal Agricultural Society, the Royal Horticultural Society, and the Practical Floral and Horticultural Society. One hundred and two local farming societies exist throughout Ireland, in connection with the Royal Agricultural Society. The number of newspapers in the course of publication in the boroughs of Ireland, at the close of 1843, were 7 in Belfast, 1 in Carlow, 1 in Ennis, 3 in Cork, 1 in Ballyshannon, 1 in Downpatrick, 2 in Newry, 22 in Dublin, 2 in Ennis^ kUlen, 1 in Tuam, 2 in Gbdway, 3 in Tralee, 2 in Kilkenny, 2 in Limerick, 3 in Londonderry, 1 in Longford, 2 in Drogheda, 1 in Ballina, 2 in Castlebar, 1 in Achill, 1 in Monaghan, I in Maryborough, S in Boyle, 2 in Sligo, 1 in Nenagh, 2 in Clonmel, 3 in Waterford, 2 in Athlone, and 2 in Wexford. The number of stamps issued for newspapers for a series of years from 1827 to 1841, both inclusive^ shows an increase of circulation of nearly double the amount at its commencement : —

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 88

59. Scenic sublimity of the Antrim coast cliffs

    near Giant's Causeway · population centre · Antrim

    The mountains along the seaward face of County Antrim offer rare landscape beauty, combining power, grandeur, romance, and beauty. At locations such as the Giant's Causeway, Fair Head, and Glenarm, the coast cliffs thrill the fancy and delightfully overawe the mind.

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    The upland division forms, in a general riew, a wild and waste declining platform, — whose seaward face is shorn into bold escarpments, and shelving or mural or colonnaded precipices,— whose summits and interior contour are tamely outlined and slenderly diversified, — and whose westward declivity . is a slowly descending slope toward the basin of Lough Neagh. So near, in general, does the summit-line run to the coa.«t, that the interior streams dT the county, which fidl directly into the sea, or belong not to the systems of the Bann and the Lagan, have, with the exception of the Bush river, a medium length of probably less than three miles. Along tiie summit-line, and athwart nearly all the seaward declivity, the mountains are quite a picture-gallery of landscape ; they combine, in the rarest proportions, power, gfandeur, romance, and beauty; and, in various points, or even along considerable stretches, as at the Giant*s Causeway, at Fair Head, and at Gleiiarm, they so thrill the fancy and, delightfully overawe the mind, as to be altogether worthy of the stirring and fiu'-spread fame which they have acquired among tourists * in search of the picturesque an<l the sublime.* But the details of ^is magnificent coast, this superbly-adorned and opulently varied sea-»creen, ¥rill come so minutely before us piece by piece, in the progress of our work, that, to prevent repetition, we must at present forbear ail attempt at description. The mountains — or rather hills, for thev are moderate in altitude — commence 5 miles south-west by south of Belfast, and about the same distance north- north-east of the roo^t southerly point in the county ; and they extend in an almokt unbroken but curving and sinuous chain of groups and congeries, quite round the coast to the boundary with Londonderry. The principal summits are Slamish, about the middle, and Knocklead, ill the north ; both of which have an altitude of less than 1,600 feet above sea-level. The ravines and gleiis which fling the roaring hill-torrents down to the sea, form singular foils to the inunense masses of basalt and limentone which, now amorphous, and now either of most fantastic or of almost architecturiil format, project from the groups as headlands and promontories. Amon;? the heights which nut ' sheer out to the sea, and htoop precipitously <!o\vii ,

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 113

60. Shane's Castle on west side of Antrim parish

    Shane's Castle · townland · Antrim

    Shane's Castle stands on the west side of the parish of Antrim and is noted as one of only two modernized and inhabited castles in the county.

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    1841,1,550. Houses S65. Area of the rural districts of the Upper Antrim section, 5,253 acres. Pop. of these distncts, in 1831. 1,607; in 1841, 1,667. Houses 306. Antrim bay, which forms the north-east horn of Lough Neagh, makes an inward curvature along all the south-west boundary; and 8ix-mile- Water, which separates Upper Antrim from Lower Massarene, traces all the southern boundary. But while most of the parochial surface declines to the inland sea and the Six-mile- Water, part is drained to them by independent brooks, and part impinges westward on the basin of the Maine. The land is, for the most part, excellent, and, though destitute of the natural elements of landscape, is warmed into pleasantness and even luxuriousness of aspect, chiefly by the embellishments of extensive pleasure-grounds, and in a small degree by the operations of husbandry. Antrimcastle, close to the town, and on the margin of Sixmile- Water, is an ancient mansion of the Viscounts Massarene, long much neglected, but improved about 30 years ago, and now the property of the Earl of Ferrard. The demesne, extendmg between it and Lough Neagh, is rich in old and noble trees, and, in particular, contains gigantic specimens of silver fir. On the west side of the parish stands Shane's Castle [which see]. East of this, and a little north-north-west of the town, is the demesne of Steeple, remarkable for its round tower, the least dilapidated of the four round towers in the county. This tower is 95 feet in height ; and, at a yard from the base, is 53 feet in circumference. Loopholes for the admission of air and light, and orifices in the wall for joists, divide it into three stories. A little above the highest loopholes, which fiice the cardinal points, the tower tapers in the form of a sugar-loaf. A conical covenng of granite, shaped like a cap or bonnet, formerly surmounted the whole ; but being shattered, probiably b^ lightning, in 1£^, it was taken down, and substituted by a covering of sandstone. At the base of the tower, two rows of stones project about 8 inches ; and above these is the door, 4^ feet by 2, surmounted by a stone sculptured in basso relievo with a cross. In the vidnitv of Steeple, are the seats of Spring Farm, Birch-hill, and Holywell. Other objects of interest belong to our notice of the town, and to the article on Lough Neagh — This parish is a vicarage and a separate benefice in the dio. of Connor. Vicarial tithe composition and gross income, £279 4s. 2d. ; nett, £2Si Ids. 11^. Pa- Iron, the Marquis of Donegal. The rectorial tithes are compounded for £Z\S TSs. 8d., and belong to the patron, but are leased to Lord Ferrard. The parish, church, an edifice with small Gothic windows, was built in 1596 at an unknown cost, and enlarged in 1810 by means of a donation of i:461 firom Lord Ferrard, and a loan of £1,364 from the late Board of First Fruits. Sittings 350; attendance 800. Two Presbyterian meeting-houses are attended by respectirely 800 and 225; a Wesleyan and Primitive Wesleyau, each by 75; a Quakers', by 18; and a Roman Catholic, by 700 ; and the hist has two officiates who officiate also in Drumaul and Connor chapels. In 1834, the parishioners consisted of 750 Churchmen, 3,4il Presbyterians, 120 other Protestant dissenters, and 1,252 Roman Catholics. In the same year, 11 daily schools had on their books 351 boys and 187 girls; and 2 Sunday schools had 320 children. One oif the daily sdiools, free and for females, was aided with £27 lOs. a-year from the Board of Erasmus Smitii ; another, free and for boys, was aided with £90 from the same source, and £2 from the vicar; and another, for infiints, was aided with £15 from subscriptions. In 1840, the National Board gave snuul salaries to 3 schools at Antrim, Creavery, and Rallimore ; and granted respectively £74 8^ 4d., and

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 120