The Parliamentary gazetteer of Ireland

Each story keeps the passage it was read from. Open one to read it as the scan has it, and, where the companion has written its own telling, that too. The passages are read off photographs of the page by machine, so a word here and there comes out wrong; they are kept as the reading produced them, so you can check any of them against the scan.

1. Foxhall residence and Glenswilly embellishment

   Foxhall · townland · Donegal

   Mr. Chambers's fine residence of Foxhall, with its plantations, combines with the glebe woodlands to embellish a portion of Glenswilly, which is naturally very romantic. Other seats in the parish include Corravaddy, Portlee, Kilton-lodge, and Moorview.

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   ('C)N \V ALL, or (-oskval, a parish, partly in the barony of Ua[)hoe, but chietly in that of Kilmacrenan, CO. Donegal, I'Uter. It contains, in its Kilmacrenan soetioM, the town of Lktterkenny: which see. Lentrth, >outh-west\vard. 15 miles; breadth, from 1 to tl'.. ArcM of the Raphoe section, 12,555 acres, S) |>i'riln's,_of which :ll acres, I rood, 5 perches are ill LoMu'h Deel.* Area of the Kilmacrenan section, ;J2,7I.» a<Te<, 1 perch, — of which 19 acres, '2 iooj!-, :1I perches are tideway. Pop. of the wholo, m 18.11, 12,979; in 1841, 12,666. Houses •J,18(). Pop. of the Raphoe section, in 1831, 2,098. in 1841, 2,(05. Houses 355. Pop. of the rural iii>tri.t> of the Kilmacrenan section, in 18.31,8,713; ill 1841, 8.450. Houses 1,494. The parish stretches inland, or west-south-westward, from near the heoil of Lou>;h Swilly, and contains the greater part of both the low Kround and the mountain-screens of (ilen>willy. The wh(de surface, though intersected with t'ien and tiny plain, and practicable declivity, is of boldly upland character ; and a)>out two-thirds of it are altogether mountainous. Adjoining Letterkcnny on the west is Ballvmacool, the beautifully situated demesne of J. J. lioyd, Esq.; a little bevond Uallymacool is Glendooen, the glebe-house of the rector; and onward, the broken woodlands of the glelx', which, stretching for a considerable extent alon>^ the partially cultivated fides of the bills, combine with the plantations around Mr. Chambers' fine residence of Foxhall, to impart pleasing embellis)unent to a portion of Glenswilly, which is naturally very romantic. The other seats are Corravaddy, iiortlee, Kiltoi^-lodge, and Moorview. The road from Strubane to Duntanaghy runs through the interior.' .Arehdall tinds an abbot, and by implication an abbey, in Con wall in the 7th century; and where could he not. if he bad plea<ied, find abbot and abbey either at that date or a nMitury earlier? ** Fiachry,'* says he, " was abbot of Congl>ail, in the territory of Gieann- Suili:;e, in T) rconneL, and of Clonard in the county of Mt-ath : he died on the 8th of Feb., l>etwecn the years .V^7 and (vV2; and Sitrick D'Trutle, archdeacon of Congbail, died in 1204."— This parish is a rectory, and a separate benetiee, in the dio. of Raphoe. Tithe compoiition, £HK): glebe, £248. Gross income, £1,048; nett, £893 13s. 9d. Patron, Trinity college, i>\iblin. A curate has a stipend of £75. The chureh was built about t>> years ago. Sittings 940;

   Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 234

2. Franciscan convent at Meelick

   Meelick · townland · Galway

   A Franciscan convent was located at Meelick (spelled 'Mcelisk' in the text), listed among the religious houses of the Roman Catholic diocese of Clonfert.

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   It iMcludes 23 parishes ; and has 21 parochial and 15 coadjutor clergy. The bishop's parishes are Loughrea and Tynagh. Tbirtv-two of the 44 chapels are reported to be " remarkably good houses, slated, large, and commodious.*' An academy has been established at Loughrea for the education of students for the Roman Catholic college. A discalced Carmelite priory, and a discalced Carmelite nunnery are at Loughrea ; a Franciscan convent at Mcelisk ; and two Dominican convents at Boula and Esker. The designations of the parishes of the diocese, together with the sites of their chapels, are, 1 . Loughrea, — Loughrea; 2. Tyna, — Tyna and Killeen; 3. KiltoUa,— Kiltolla and Killimor ; 4. KilUuadaua,— Killiuadaua and Ayle ; 5. Woodford,— Woodford and Clonea ; 6. Killimor, — Killimor and Tyrenascia ; 7. Queensborough, — Qucensborough and Taby ; 8. Ballymacwad, — Ballymacwad and Gurteen ; 9. Ballinusloe, — Ballinasloe and Crcagh ; 10. Fohana, — Fohana and Killine ; II. Leitrim, — Leitrim and Kilmeen ; 12. Ballinakill, — Knockastrim ; 13. Kiltormer, — Kiltormer and Laurencetown ; 14. Clontuskert, — Clontuskert; 15. Killeran, — Killoran and Mulla; 16. New Inn, — New Inn and Bullane ; 17. Eyrecourt, — Eyrecourt and Clonfert; 18. Killalaghton, — Killalaghton and Kilriele; 19. Carralwwn, — Carrabawn and Kill; 20. Kilcoimel, — Kilconnel and Aughrim; 21. Taughmaconnel, — Taughmaconnel ; 22. Portumna, — Portumna and Liemalash ; and 23. Lusmagh, — Lusmagh.

   Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 212

3. Franciscan friary at Oakpark founded by Coke family

   Oakpark or Painestown · townland · Carlow

   A small Franciscan friary, not noticed by Archdall, was founded at Oak-park by the family of Coke. The text notes it as an antiquity of the parish of Carlow.

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   the principal grounds to the west, and the fine, spacious deer-park to the east. A small Franciscan friary, not noticed by Archdall, was founded at Oak-park by the family of Coke. Brown-hill mansion, 1^ mile east of the town, was built by the late Robert Brown, Esq., after a design by Mr. Peters, and stands in the midst of a well-planted and judiciously disposed demesne. Both this seat and the neighbouring one of Viewmount— in the vicinity of which is one of the largest cromlechs in Irelandstand on the grounds of a quondam abbey, which was dedicated to St. Rievan. Three towers of the monastic pile were standing about 90 years ago; but the latest remains were used as building materials for Viewmount-house and Browne-hill park-wall. The property of the abbey was granted, at the suppression, to the ancestor of the Earl of Thomond. See ViEWXOUNT. The other mansions and villas are Pollerton, Straw-hall, Braganza-house, Greenrottage, Rosedlle, Summerville, Springfield-house, Erindale, Mount- Sion-cottage, Shamrock - cottage, and Belmont. The ruins of Cloghgrenan-castle stand on the southern frontier, overloolung the Barrow. Other objects of interest will be noticed in

   connection with the town This parish is a rectory,

   Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 189

4. Franciscan friary chapel in St. Peter's parish, Cork

   Cork · city · Cork · 1834

   A Franciscan friary chapel in St. Peter's parish, Cork, was attended by 4,500 worshippers and was under the care of 5 friars. This was by far the largest congregation of any place of worship in the parish.

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   St. Pefer**.]— This parish lies wboHr in the dt^. It mea«ures half-a-mile in length, ami half-a-inile ■ breadth ; and its area is 37 acre^. Pop., in I9SI, 7.943; in 1841, 8,103. Houaea 060 — St. Peter'a ii a rectory in the dio. of Cork ; but ba^ no tithes or glebe. Its share in " the Minister's Money" of the city is £200. The rectories of St. Peter, Cab- RiGNAVAR, NoHovAL, KiLXOMOGirE, and DuauKT fiiee these articles], constitute the benefice of St Peter's, and the corps of the archdeaconry of the dio. of Cork. All the other parishea are uneontign. ous with St. Peter's ; and, excepting- a tmall part of Carriguavar, they all lie beyond even the barony of Cork. Two of tbem^Nohofal and Kilmonogue^ have been erected into a |>erpetnBl curacy. Pop. of the union, in 1831, exclusive of thoM two parishes, 12,501. Gross income, £1,096 ids. 5k±i nett, £943 2s. lljd. Patron, the diocesan. The incumbent is also a vicar choral in Cork cathedral Two curates for St. Peter's have salaries of respectively £69 4s. 7id. and £50; anil two for the occasional duties of Carrignavar and I>anisky, hate salaries of respectively £10 and £5. The parodiid church of St. Peter's was built about 46 yean ago^ principally by means of subscription. Sittings l,aOU; attendance 900. A quakers* meeting-honsc is attended by 280; a Wesleyan raeetinfr-house, by lOtV; and a Franciscan friary chapel, by 4,500 ; — and the last is under the care of 5 friars. In 1834^ the parishioners of St. Peter's consisted of 2.M7 Churdbuien, 57 Presbyterians, 77 other Protestant dissenters, and 5,566 Roman Catholics; 3 Sunday schools, 2 of which were Protestant and 1 Roaiaa Catholic, had an average attendance of 520 childica; and 12 daily schools had on their books 196 hoys and 289 girls. One of the daily schools was Deane's charity school, supported by £66 7'- a-year fron a bequest by Moses Deane, and £40 from vofuntaiy contribution; one was supported by JE\9 17s. a-year from a bequest of Messrs. Pomeroy and Shearnwu, and £2 2s. from the archdeacon ; one waa a Wesleyan Methodist school, aided with £20 a-year fnaa subscription ; and one was St. Patrick's Asylum for Orphans, under Roman Catholic superintendenes, and supported by £220 a-year from voluntary eoatribution.

   Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 234

5. Franciscan friary remains at Clane

   Clane · town · Kildare · 1200–1250

   A Franciscan friary was founded at Clane in the early part of the thirteenth century by an unknown founder. Considerable remains of the friary still exist.

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   The town of Clane, in the above parish, stands on the left bank of the Liffey, and on the road from Dublin to Rathangan, 6^ miles south-west by west of Celbridge, 12^ east-north-east of Rathangan, and I6j west-south-west of Dublin. This tovm waa burned in 1798, and was afterwards rebuilt A bridge of 6 arches maintains communication across the Liffey. In the immediate vicinity are an ancient earthwork of the kind called a Dun, and the ruins of an old castle, the history of which appears to be lost. An ebbev for canons regular is alleged to have been built at Clane in the 6th century bv St. Ailbe, and to have been, in the 12th century, toe meeting, place of a synod, which waa composed of 26 bishope and numerous abbots and other dignitaries, and whidi ordained that none but alumni of the eollese of Armagh should be eligible to professorships of divinity. The pretended antiquity of the abbey possibly points to a remote Culdean establishment. A Frandscaa friary, considerable remains of which still exist, was founded, nobody knows by whom, in the early pari of the 13th century. The manor of Chine formerly belonged to the fiunily of Sarsfield ; it passed from them to the fiMnily of Wogan,— .Archdall and Seward erroneously sav, to the family of O'Hogain t and it was sold by the representatives of the Wogens, ai the same tame as RATBcomtT : which see. Fani are held in the town on April 28, July 25^ and Oct* 15. Area of the town, 25 acres. Pop., in 1831, 1,216 ; in 1841, 335. Houses 51.

   CLANEBOT, or Clandkbot, a qaoodam territorial name of part of the counties of Antrim and Down, Ulster. In the reign of Edward IIL, the sept of Huffh-Boy O'Neill, who inherited part of

   Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 207

6. Franciscan friary ruins at Claregalway

   Claregalway · town · Galway · 1290–1846

   A Franciscan friary, built about 1290 by John de Cogan, stands on the margin of the river at Clare-Galway. Though dilapidated, it is a beautiful Gothic specimen still inhabited by a small community of friars, and contains accumulations of human skulls.

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   CLARE-GALWAY, a parish, partly in the barony of Clare, and partly in that of Dunkellin, 64 miles north-east by north of Gal way, co. Gal way, Connaught. Length, south-ROUth-eastward, 5 miles; breadth, from 1} to 5. Area of the Clare section, 5,431 acres, 3 roods, 27 perches, — of which 468 acres, 2 roods, 9 perches are in Lough Corrib, and 98 acres lie detached. Area of the Dunkellin section, 7>020 acres, 2 roods, 26 perches. Pop. of the whole, in 1831, 3,588; in 1841, 4,042. Houses 661. Pop. of the Dunkellin section, in 1631,2,146; in 1841, 2,586. Houses 424. The surface is gently but pleasantly diversitied; possesses considerable beauty in the centre, from the passage across it of the Clare river; and comprises, in the north and toward Lough Corrib, a large proportion of bog ; yet consists, in the aggregate, of good land. Tlie seats are Rockwood, Rock lawn, Lydacan, and Waterdale. The road from Gal way to Tuam traverses the interior; and, after having crossed the river by an old but substantial stone-bridge, sends off a branch toward Headfort and Ballinrobe. The village of Clare-Galway straggles a considerable distance along the Galway and Tuam road, chiefly northward of the river; and has a thoroughly rural, an airy, and but a paltry appearance. An old ruinous castle, built after the close of the 13th century by one of the family of de Burgos, a<ljoins the bridge, overhangs both the river and the road, and has a slightly picturesque appearance. In the wars of 1641, this castle was garrisoned by the Earl of Clanricarde ; in 1643, through the contrivance of a tenant of the Earl, the management of a Franciscan friar, and the carelessness of the warders, it was surprised by Capt. Thomas Bourke of Anbally; and, in 1651, it was taken possession of by Sir Charles Coote. A Franciscan friary, built about the year 1290, by John de Cogan, stands on the margin of the river, about 100 yards above the bridge. Though a ruin, and much dilapidated and peeled by the gradual ravages of the peasantry, it has several parts in tolerably good preservation,' and has of late years been carefully i)rotect*d from further dilapidation- It is a beautiful specimen of Gothic architec* ture; its high tower, in particular, exhibits some exquisite features, and is raised on arches ; but the

   Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 207

7. Franciscan monastery built by Dermot O'Sullivan Bere near Bantry

   Bantry · town · Cork

   Dermot O'Sullivan Bere, who died in 1466, built a beautiful small monastery for Franciscan friars on the shore near Bantry. Though reported wholly demolished by earlier writers, fragments of the edifice surrounded by its cemetery were believed still visible within Lord Bantry's demesne at the time of writing.

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   The original town was called Ballygobbin; and occupied the site of the present town. A fortification, with four regular bastions, was, in the time of Cromwell, erected by Ireton on a site to the north ; and its erection induced the inhabitants to build in* its vicinity. Ballygobbin then took the names of the Old Town and the New Town. But when the fortification was abandoned and became dilapidated, the* population wholly returned to the old site, and called the town Bantry, from its being the chief settlement of the barony. Dermot O'Sullivan Bere, who died in 1466, built on the shore, in the vicinity, a beautiful small monastery for Franciscan friars. Though both Apchdall and Dr. Smith say that, before they wrote, this edifice was wholly demolished, we believe that some fragments of it, surrounded by its cemetery, are still to be seen within Lord Bantry's demesne. The town consists chiefly of two streets running parallel with the shore, and of a transverse street ; but it is irregularly built, has amongst its houses b large proportion ot squalid cabins or huts, and presents m its interior view^ an unattractive and even repulsive appearance. The parish-church is a plain modern structure, with a belfry. The Roman Catholic chapel — the chief ecclesiastical structure of the Roman Catholic parish of Bantry, in the dio. of Cork — is a building of about 120' feet long and 50 broad, with circular-beaded windows, and a ceiling of rich stucco-work, erected at the cost of nearly £3,000. The Wesleyan meeting-house is a very plain building. The Sessions-house is used for a court of general sessions in February, and a court of petty-sessione on every alternate Friday. The bridewell is kept in excellent order.

   Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 164

8. Franciscan monastery founded 1302 at Castleconnell

   Castleconnell · town · Limerick · 1302

   Considerable remains exist of a Franciscan monastery founded in 1302 by Thomas, Lord Offaly. The church featured a narrow nave divided from side-aisles by pointed arches, with the north transept the best-preserved part, described as a good specimen of 14th-century pointed architecture.

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   preserved stone-cross in the adjacent burying-ground displays some curious antique sculpturing. " The west side is divided into 7 compartments; the upper of which contains 3 human figures ; the north crossbranch presents a man sitting and playing on a harp, together with Adam and Eve at either side of the tree ; the south cross-branch displays a human figure standing erect with uplifted hands, and two beasts, one being on the back of the other; on the fifth compartment of the shaft is an erect human figure, having two beasts on each side ; on the sixth and seventh compartments are 3 human figures. On the upper end of the east side are also 3 human figures ; the east and west cross-branches each present 3 similar figures ; the middle of the shaft at top and between the cross-branches is occupied by a large human figure, which would appear to represent Mercury, the head being covered by a flat hat with winn, — this figure stretches out its hands to two smaller figures, which raise their diminutive heads from underneath its arms, as if in admiration or prayer ; in other compartments are 3 upright human figures, and 2 similar figures supporting between them a torse, or truncated human object, — also two crowned figures, kneeling with joined and uplifted hands, in the attitude of prayer. The sides and base are ornamented with true lovers' knots." In the cemetery occur also some fragments of a smaller antique sculptured cross. Considerable remains exist of a monastery for conventual Franciscans, which was founded in 1302 by Thomas, Lord Offaly, and which, as a work of architecture, appears to have possessed more sumptuousness of ornament and delicacv of finish, than the great majority of the minor ecclesiastical buildings of Ireland. The nave of the church was narrow, and was divided firom each of its side-aisles by three pointed arches ; and one of the aisles still remains, and presents, in a fine style of design and execution, the stone-work of three windows. But the north transept is the best preserved part of the pile, and is a good specimen of that variety of the pointed style of architecture which came into use about the commencement of

   Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 205

9. Franciscan monastery founded by Hugh de Lacy or O'Neil

   near Carrickfergus · town · Antrim · 1232–1253

   The Franciscan monastery at Carrickfergus, to which the parish church belonged as a chapel, is variously stated to have been founded in 1232, 1243, or 1253 by Hugh de Lacy or O'Neil. General Fitzmaurice, Richard de Burgh, and one of the Earls of Ulster were interred within it. At the dissolution it was granted to Sir Edward Fitzgerald and then assigned to Sir Arthur Chichester.

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   referable to any particular style of architecture ; it measures 132 feet in length, but is of very unequal breadth; and it appears to have been cruciform, ver^ narrow, and most inconveniently low. Its interior indicates great neglect ; and its choir — ^hear, ye lovers of the fine arts ! — is whitewashed. The chancel window and two small windows in the west are of stained glass ; they belonged to the private chapel of Dangan, formerly the seat of the Marquis of Welleslcy, in the county of Meath, and were presented to the parish by George Burleigh, Esq. of Burleigh-hill ; and the first contains a tolerably well-executed representation of Christ's baptism in the Jordan. The vestry-room was erected by Dean Dobbs, and contains a monument to his memory. Beneath the choir. Rose, Countess of Antrim, who died in 1682, and several other illustrious persons, lie entombed. Several fragments exist, but are thrown aside, of escutcheons which formerly decorated the walls, and belonged to various noble families related to the Countess. The north transept is the pro* perty of the Marquis of Donegal, and contains the once splendid monument of the Chichester familv; but is in a state of disrepair, and is walled off from the other parts of the church. The monument formerly possessed superbness and beauty to nearly as high a degree as these properties comport with the idea of a sepulchral erection ; was constructed of marble and alabaster ; and consists of several chambers and niches, occupied with large and small effigies in the costume of life. The principal figures are Sir Arthur Chichester, first Baron of Belfast, and his lady, in a kneeling posture, fronting each other, and represented with long robes and ruffs ; between them, their infant son ; and, in a compartment below, a sculpture in armour and in a praying posture, of Sir John Chichester, who was captured in a sally firom the town against James MacSorley MacDonnell, E^rl of Antrim, and beheaded on a stone at Glynn. On black tablets, in front of the pedestal, are inscriptions in praise of the courage and virtues of the knights who lie buried beneath; and over the inside entrance of the transept is a white marble tablet, surmounted by a coronet, and bearing a long Latin in^^cription to the memory of Arthur, third Earl of Donegal, who was killed in Spain in 1706. An octagonal spire was, in 1778, erected upon the tower of the church, at an expens^e of about £500, chiefly raised by subscription. — The Presbyterian roeeting-housc, originally in connection with the Synod of Ulster, and associated during a series of years in the present century with the name of Dr. Reid, the historian of Presbyterianism in Ireland, is a neat modern structure, situated 120 yards north of the parish-church. The Covenanters* meeting-house, so long associated with the name of Dr. Paul, is a plain structure, in the Irish Quarter. The small Independent chapel adjoins the West Quay, in the vicinity of the castle. The Methodists* chapel draws attention principally in connection with the fact, that Methodism was introduced to the town, in 1752, by some soldiers of the 42d Royal Highlanders. The Roman Catholic chapel, a plain building, adjoins a burying-ground in the western environs of the Irish Quarter. — The Franciscan monastery, to which the present parish-church belonged as a chapel, is variously stated to have been founded, in 1232, 1243, and 1253, by Hugh de Lacy, or by O'Neil. General Fitzmaurice, Richard de Burgh, and one of the Earls of Ulster, were interred within the pile. In 1408, Hugh Mac Adam MacGilmore, who is said to have destroyed forty ecclesiastical edifices, and who previously tore from the windows of this monastery their iron bars, fled to it for refuge, and was soon after assassinated within it by gome

   Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 193

10. Franciscan monastery of Monasteroris at Totmoy

    Monasteroris · townland · Offaly · 1325–1521

    A Franciscan monastery was founded at Totmoy in 1325 by Sir John de Bermingham, Earl of Louth, taking its name from the Irish form of his name, Monasterferois. The edifice was a place of considerable military strength, holding out against the Earl of Surrey in 1521 before being captured and retained by the Crown, and was eventually granted to Nicholas Herbert at the general suppression.

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    CASTROPETRE. or Monasterows, a parish on the eastern border of the barony of Coolestown, and King's co., Leinster. It contains the post-town of Ei>ENDERRY» and also the village of Conaburt: see these articles. Length, westward, 64 miles; breadth, from J to 4^; area, 15,762 acres, I rood, 14 perches, — of which 800 acres, 1 rood, 14 perches constitute a detached morassy district, lying 1^ mile to the west. Pop., in 1831, 4,404; in 1841, 4,321. Hou<ses G78. Pop. of the rural districts, in ia31, -2,978; in 1841, 2,321. Houses 389. The surface, though lying on the border of the Bog of Allen, and though aggregately low and flat, and extensively interspersed with morass, is diversitied with swells and hills of diluvium, and prevailingly consists of such good land as yield an average rental throughout the parish of about .*iOs. per plantation acre. Some excellent practice in the alternate system of husbandry has been introdured near the north-west boundary, and will probably exert a benign influence {&r bevond the limits of the parish. The gravelly hill on which the church standi, in the vicinity of Edenderry, has an altitu(ie above sea-level of 318 feet, and commands a very extensive view of the Bog of Allen, and of the flat country along its border. The east side of the parish is drained northward by the Boyne, and the interior is traversed by the Grand Canal, and by the road from Kilcock to Philipstown. The mansions and villas are Monasteroris, Millmount, Ballycolgan, Rathgreedan, Ballinla, Lumville, Clarkville, Ballyuioran, Leitrim, Rathvilla, and Killeen. A monastery for Franciscans was founded, iu 1325, at Totmoy or Tlietmoy, by Sir John de Bermingham, Earl of Louth; and was called, from the Erse form of his na:iie, Mona^terferois, ** the Monastery of MacFeoris." The edifice was a place of considerable military strength ; it held out during sotne time, in 1521, against the Earl of Surrey, then Lord-lieutenant, but was eventually captured by him, and kept in the po-se>sion of the Crown ; and, at the period of the general suppression, it was given to Nicholas Herbert. A modern mansion at the place, as well as (xra'^ioiially the parish itself, perpetuates the name

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 206

11. French fleet descent on Bantry Bay, 1689

    near Bantry Bay · bay · Cork · 1689

    A French fleet under Monsieur Perrault descended on Bantry Bay in 1689 (the text misprints the year as 1789). The French were saved from an English fleet under Herbert only by unfavourable winds preventing more than a partial attack.

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    BANTRY, a spacious and sublimely scenic bay in the baronies of Bere and Bantry, co. Cork, Munster. It penetrates the country ea«t-north-eastward ; and is separated from Dunmanus bay, on the right, by a peninsula of 2^ miles in mean breadth, — and from the Keumare rirer or estuary, on the left, by a peninsula of about 7^ miles in mean breadth. It enters between Sheep Head on the right, and Blackhall Head, or the most southerly termination of the Berehaven mountains, on the left ; and it is 8 miles wide at the entrance. Its length is 20 miles ; and its interior breadth varies between 2} and 8, and in general is upwards of 5. Its chief expansions or offshoots are Berehaven bay, commencing 3| miles from Blackhall Head ; Ardagh bay, commencing 2| miles from Berehaven bay ; the magnificently picturesque harbour or bay of Glengariff, penetrating northward from near the bead of the west side ; three small estuaries at the extreme east-north-east; and the small cove at the town of Bantry. The principd islands are Bere and Whiddy, the former covering Berehaven, and the latter lying off the town of Bantry ; and on the east side of \Vhiddy are four isles, called Chapel, Horse, Hog, and Rabbit Islands. The depth of water north of Bere islands is from 10 to 16 fathoms ; south of that island, from 30 to 40 ; eastward to Whiddy island, from 15 to 25; and in the roadstead for ships between Whiddy and the mainland, from 24 to 40, on good anchorage ground. Bere island acts as a breakwater, and keeps the surface of the interior calm, during the strong and prevalent south-west winds ; and so safe and capacious is the bay that nearly all the shipping of Europe could shelter in it in deep water. **In exploring the bay," says the author of the Guide to Killarney, **the informed tourist will find its interest heightened by many traditionary and historical recollections. He will hear or recollect, with a smile, the antiquarian dreams of the venerable visionary Keating, according to whom the antediluvian Beth landed here, and first took possession of the green isUnd, with three men and fifty women. Here, on a small island, his attention will oe directed to the site of a fortress belonging to that consummate statesman and leader, Carew, Lord- President of Munster in the days of Elizabeth. Here also he will recollect the descent of a French fleet in 1789,* under the command of Monsieur Perrault, which was only saved from the English fleet under Herbert by the unfavourable state of the wind, which did not permit more than a partial attack. And here also, last not least, he will recall the more formidable event of 1796, when this island was providentially rescued by a hurricane of unparalleled fury, from the most formidable fleet that ever left the shores of France, bearing a force which there was no preparation to repel. Connected with this recollection, strikingly conspicuous as a feature of the surrounding scenery, appear the fortress and tower built at considerable expense after this invasion. Of these the best that may be said is, that they add much to the picturesque beauty of the scene ; and although they cannot offer the slightest obstacle to future in-

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 164

12. French invasion fleet anchors off Bere Island in Bantry Bay

    near Bear Island · island or archipelago · Cork · 1796–1797

    In December 1796, a French invasion fleet of sixteen ships arrived off the coast of Ireland and anchored off Bere Island in Bantry Bay. Storms and fog dispersed the fleet, and the remnant left the bay on the 27th, eventually returning to France without landing any troops except a small reconnaissance party that was captured.

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    The French invasion of 1796, alluded to in the first of our two extracts, was a national event of great moment, and is incorrectly detailed in most, not only of the journals of the period, but of subsequent historical compilations. The fleet *'for the invasion of Ireland," sailed on the 16th of December in two ilivisions from the port of Brest ; and consisted of 17 ships of the line, 13 frigates, 5 corvettes, 2 gun-boats, and 6 transports, aggregately carrying 13,975 men, 45,000 stand of arms, and an ample supply of money. One of the ships, a 74, struck on a rock when leaving the harbour ; another was, a few days afterwards, driven on shore ; and of 2,350 men whom the two carried, 1,530 perished. All the other ships of the fleet were more or less injured by disastrous occurrences in the passaq:e; and several of them, including the frigate Fratemite, which carried General Hoche and Admiral de Galles, the naval and military commanders of the expedition, parted company from the main body, soon after leaving the harbour of Brest, and never were able to rejoin it. On the 22<l, sixteen of the forty-three ships of the original fleet arrived in companv off the coast of Ireland, and anchored off Bere Island in Baiitry bay. The weather had, for several days, been stormier than it usually is even about the period of the winter solstice ; and when the wind lulled, a mass of fog rested so densely on the waters, that the numerous other ships of the fleet were vainly seeking one another along the ocean. Even the 16 ships in Bantry bay were dispensed, by a heavy gale, on the morning after their arrival ; so that when a comparative culm followed, only 7 sail-of-the-line and 1 frigate remained, carrying 4,168 men, and wanting both due command and a requisite amount of courage. This remnant of the originally great fleet, resolving to put out to sea, and to cruise oflfthe Shanjion in hope of being joined by the dissevered members of the armament, weighed anchor, and left the bay on the 27th ; but a part returned on the Ist of January, remained two or three days inactive, and then crept away to a crest-fallen return to France. Ship after ship of a large portion of the armament dropped dispiritedly into the French harbours ; the Fraternite itself, after making several narrow escapes from the English fleet, crept into Rochelle, on the 15th; but, m addition to the two which were wrecked on leaving Brest, the Impatiente was wrecked, with the almost total loss of her crew, on Mizen Head,— the Surveillante was abandoned by her crew in Bantry bay, and captured and scuttled by the British,— the Resolve was dismasted, and atterwards towed into Brest, — the Tartare was fought, captured, and taken into Cork Harbour by the Polyphemus — the Scsvola gun-boat foundered off the Irish coast, — the Ville d'Orient transport, with 400 hussars on board, was captured and carried into Kirisale, by the Unicorn, — and the Justine tran-^port probably foundered at sea. Bantry and Ireland at large were thus freed from the invaders chvetly by the direct interposition of Divine Providence. Not a Frenchman landed except an ofllicer and seven men, who went on shore to reconnoitre, and were made prisoners. The storm which dispersed and paralyied the fleet is not only remembered in the vicinity of Bantry bay, but used as an epoch for a-soisting memory.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 164

13. Gentlemen's seats around Castletown village

    Castletown · townland · Meath

    Castletown-Delvin village is nearly surrounded by the plantations of Mitchelstown (seat of George Haynes, Esq.) and Clonyn (seat of the Marquis of Westmeath). Rosmead, the handsome seat of H. W. Wood, Esq., lies to the north of Mitchelstown.

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    CASTLETO WN-DELVIN, a parish, containing a village of the same name, in the centre of the barony of Delvin, co. Meath, Leinster. It consists of a main body and a detached district, the latter Iving a mile north of the western part of the former. Length of the main bodpr, east-south-eastward, 6^ miles ; breadth, from 1 mile to 3} miles. Area of the whole, 18,282 acres, 1 rood, 28 perches,— of which 79 acres, 2 roods, 25 perches, are water. Area of the detached districts, 2,135 acres, 5 perches. Pop. of the whole, in 1831, 4,485; in 1841. 4,588. Houses 768. The land is partly bog, and partly good tillage and pasture ground. The highest ground is in the north, and has an altitude of 350 feet. The road from Trim to Oranard traverses the interior northwestward, and that from MuUingar to Athboy northeastward. The castle alluded to in the name of the parish was built, in 1 181, by Sir Hugh de I.iacy, Lord of Meath. The vilbge is nearly surrounded by the plantations of Mitchelstown, the seat of George Havnes, Esq., and of Clonyn, the seat of the Marquis of Westmeath ; and to the north of Mitchelstown, is Rosmead, the handsome seat of H. W. Wood, Esq, The other seats are Ballyheal^, Clonmaskill, and Archerstown — the last situated m the detached district. The noble family of Nugent or De Nugent, aacient Lords of Delvin, now look to

    CAS

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 206

14. Giant's Ring and Druidical Altar near Edenderry

    Giant's Ring · monument · Down

    Near Edenderry on the east bank of the Lagan are the well-known Giant's Ring and Druidical Altar, noted antiquities in the immediate environs of Belfast. These monuments are listed among the attractive objects surrounding the town.

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    immediate environs of the town are rich in gardens, parks, mansions, villas, rural resorts, romantic hamlets, sea-bathing retreats, the whitened fields and neat houses of linen-bleachers, and other attractive objects. Among the multitude of pleasant and ornamental seats are Ormeau, the Marquis of Donegal, Bel voir. Sir Robert Bateson, Bart, and Purdysbum, Narcissus Butt, Esq., Belvidere, New Grove, and Edenderry, on the east bank of the Lagan, — near the last of which are the well-known Giant's Ring and Druidical Altar; Beechmount, Ballymurphy, Ma-

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 167

15. Glan hill rises 1,000 feet near Oughterard

    Glen · townland · Galway

    At the south-eastern extremity of the Maam-Turk chain, a low opening runs for about a mile along the shore of the western arm of Lough Corrib, after which the hill of Glan steeply rises to 1,000 feet and descends slowly toward the village of Oughterard.

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    Galway bay. The country strictly mountainous ex* tends from Lough Corrib to Aghns Point, and sends up summits of from 1,200 to 2,500 feet in height above sea-level. The chief group, as to at once eitent, altitude, central position, and scenic power, is that of BiNABOLA : which see. On the east vide of Binabola lies the vale of Lough Ina, with the iso* lated and panorama-viewing hill of Coolnacarton at its mouth : see Coolnacarton, On the east side of Lough Ina vale, and extending parallel with Bina< bola, and along the western boundary of Joyce-Country, northward to near the Killeries, is the chain of the Maam-Turk mountains, accli vitous,round.topped, pierced with gullies or passes called Alaams, and lifling their highest summit — that of Shannonafola — alM>ut 2,000 feet above the level of the sea At the south-eastern extremity of this chain occurs a lovr opening, for about a mile along the shore of the western arm of Lough Corrib ; and then steeply rises the hill of Glan to the height of 1,000 feet, and descends slowly on the opposite side toward the village of Oughterard : see Glan. Some of the best landscapes in Cunnemara occur on several of the marine iidets, and around Ballinahinch, Clzfdbn, and Corrib Lough : see these articles.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 236

16. Glasheen bleachgreen and cotton manufactory

    Glasheen · townland · Cork

    The suburb of Glasheen, in the vicinity of Cork Lough, was formerly famed for its bleachgreen and for becoming the seat of an extensive cotton manufactory.

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    the eommencemefit of Barrack-4iil], — Abbey-street. Douglas-street, ami High-street, forming a joint line of 5 furlongi south-eastward from near the com* roenoement of Evergreen-atreet to the outlet toward Passage, — and Nicholas-street, nearly a furlong in length, between Evergreen-street and Douglas-street. The outlet toward Passage is lusciously beautiful, and lauis the pedettrian into a wilderness of sweets, a maie of loveliness, an expanse of tumulated gardenground powdered all over with villas, and feathered with shrubberies, and enclosures, and woods, at least 6 miles down the river. Cork Lough, measurinf upwards of | of a mile in length, and figuring as the scene of one of Mr. Crofton Croker's * Fair^ Legends,' lies 1} furlong south of the continuation of Barrack-hill, and is approached by a short street called Lough-lane. In its vicinity is the suburb of Glasheen, formerly famed for its bleachgreen, and foe becoming the seat of an extensive cotton manufactory. Friar's Walk, a very partially edificed thoroughfare, somewhat psirallel with Evergreen-road, and a little west of it, leads to the new cemetery, the Pere la Chaise of Cork. This place was formerly a Botanic Garden, attached to the Cork Institution ; and, in 1826, was purchased by the now celebrated Friar Matthew, or the monastic community over which he presides, and devoted, with all its profusion of vegetable beauties, to the uses of a cemetery. ** It ia therefore perhaps unrivalled in the kingdom," aay Mr. and Mrs. Hall, ** being full of the rarest trees, from all parts of the world. Its walU are covered with climbing roses and other shrubs ; and, from the nature of its toil and aspect, every thing is growing in luxuriant profusion. The hand of science ban laid out its gravelled paths, and the art of the sculptor has been employeil to ornament it — occasionally with remarkably good taste and effect, but not uufrequently so as n-eatly to mar its beauty. • • • We regret to add that the cemetery is completely overgrown with weeds — gigantic nettles and docka have been permitted absolutely to cover the graves, reminding the visitor far too forcibly of the Unes on * the Sluggard,'^

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 234

17. Glenfarn Hall: Tottenham Seat in Mountain Vale

    Glenfarn · electoral division · Leitrim

    Glenfarn Hall, the seat of Charles Tottenham, Esq., occupies a romantic site in the beautiful mountain-vale of Glenfarn, which runs down to the head of Lough Macnean in the parish of Clonard, Co. Leitrim.

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    T0,3I3 acres, 4 perches, — of which 12 acres, I rood, ^4 perches are in Upper Lough Mncnean, and 48 acre-*. I rood, 34' perches are in smHll lakes. Art»a of the Dromahaire section, 22,677 acres, 26 perches, — of which 624 acres, 1 rood. 24 perches are in Upper Lough Macnean, and 8J> acres, 2 roods, 28 p(*rche«« are in small lakes. Pop. of the whole, ill 1831, 9,128; in 1841, 10,524. Houses l,6/x>. Pop. of the Ro««scloghcr section, in 1831, 2,416; in 1841, 2,944. Houses 509. Pop. of the rural districts of the Dromahaire section, in 1841, 6,568. Houses ],0Of. Lough Macnean extends along the boundary with co. Fermanagh ; and a central line of mountain wntershed in the interior separates the sources of this lake's feeders on the east from the h(?ad-streams of the Bonnet river on the west, and divides the basin-system of the Erne from that of Lough Gill and the bay of Sligo. The parochial surface comprises a large portion of the most scenic district in the county, and contains a rich series of glen and mountain landscapes. Dark moorland hills, craggy and precipitous escarpments, bold and broken slopes, winding glens, narrow ravines, fertile vales, green declivities, and luxuriant demesnes, are present^Ml in such richness and variety of composition as to produce a large amount of at once beauty, grandeur, and romance. Many of the heights are expressively outlined, and attain an altitude of upwards of 1,000 feet; but the two principal are situated respectively on the southern boundary and on the north-west border, muI have altitude^:, the former of 1,447 feet, and the latter of 1,511. Yet in spite of a great abundance of manurial limestone, a vast aggregate acreage of land remains unhnproved, marshy, and moorish. Glenfarn Hall, the seat of Cliarles Tottenham, Esq., occupies a romantic sit<; in the beautiful mountain-vale of Glenfarn, which runs down to the head of Lough Macnean. Among other seats is Hollymount, the property of S. Armstrong, Esq. The interior is bisected westward by the road from Enniskillen to- Sligo. — This parish is a vicarage, and part of the benefice of Manor-Ha MILTON [which »ce], in the dio. of Kilmorc. A portion of the rectorial tithes, compounded for £14, is impropriate in Owen Wynne, Esrj., as abbot of Clonclare ; and the rest of the tithes — ineluding both the vicarial and a part of the rectorial, which are reported to belong to the bishop, but are allowed to be levied by the incumbent for payment of a small sum in lieu of them — are compounded for £320. The church is situated in Manor- Hamilton ; but when built, or at what cost, is not known. Sittings 700 ; attendance 300. The Roman Catholic chapels of Manor-Hamilton and Glenfarn have an MtttMidance, the former of 1,000, and the latter of l,r»50; and, in the Roman Catholic parochial arrangement, they are mutually united. In 1834, the Protestants amounted to 2,024, and the Roman Catholics to 7,470; and 7 (inily schools — one of which was salaried with £8 from the National Board, one with £27 from the benefaction of Mr. Masterson, one with £12 from the Baptist Society, two with respectively £20 and £5 from subscription, and one with a graduated allowance from the London Hibernian Society — had on their books 189 boys and 254 girls. In 1840, the National Board had a school at Towneyunsenagh, and a boys' school and a girls' school at Kiltyclogher.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 211

18. Glengarriff bay crossing near Captain White's grounds

    Glengarriff · townland · Cork

    Approaching Glengarriff south of Captain White's grounds, the proposed railway carves across a chain of islands and intervening waters in the bays on an embankment and occasional arching, at an elevation of 62 feet above high water. Once Glengarriff bay is passed, the distance to Berehaven is 19 miles.

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    above Blarney, at a point 236 feet above the high water datum ; follows the right bank of the Martin to its confluence with the Shawnagh river ; and, where the Shawnagh, which hitherto had flowed soutii- weftward, makes a sudden deflection to a south-easterly course toward the Lee, the railway sweeps round in a south-westerlv direction, and, forcing its Mray by a half«mi]e tunnel through a ridge of bins, crosses the river and valley of the Lee near BallincolUg, at an elevation of 70 feet, 165^ miles from Dublin. It now resumes its south-westerly direction to t)ie river Bride ; passes 7 or 8 miles up the valley of that stream ; crosses to the valley of the Lee 2 or 8 miles below Macroom ; ascends the south-east side of tbe extensive swamps of tbe Lee about Toom ; passes close to Drumcarrow-castle, and tbe village of Indiegeelagh ; and thence, after skirting the north shores of the lakes above that village, crosses at their upper end, and. when 194 miles from Dublin, arrives at tbe road leading from Macroom to the celebrated pass of Cummineer, and at an altitude of 269 feet above the level of high-water mark. '* Here," says the Report, ** the facilities for railway formation are much diminished, and difficulties of gradient and physical obstacles interpose for nearly 20 miles, of a character which, if not unprecedented, is at least formidable, and in one or two of the points gigantic. It will rest with the Commissioners and the Government to determine how far the object attainable by surmounting them, is worthy of the cost which must accrue.' The railway still closely follows the Lee upwards of 3 miles ; then leaves the stream, enters the pass of Cvmmineer, plunges into a tunnel of 2,000 yards in length, and attains, at the south end of the tunnel and the pass, its maximum or summit altitude of 469 feet above high-water level, at nearly 199 miles from Dublin. The work crosses the vallev of Coomhoola by a viaduct about 600 or 700 yards in length, and about 200 feet in extreme height; skirts the head of Bantry hay ; and, approaching Glengariff south of Captain white's grounds, carves across a chain of islands and intervening vtifcters in the bays, on an embankment and occasional arching, at an elevation of 62 feet above high- water. " Glengariff bay once passed," says the Report, **the distance to Berebaven is 19 miles; and a line may be traced along the north shores of Bantry bay, cutting through the projecting points, and striding across a few snail inlets. A short tunnel of 800 yards, near Roosk, and the crossing of Adrigoole bay, are the chief points of difficulty in this distance." The termination recommended is upon Dinish Island, opposite Castletown-Berehaven, 23U miles from Dublin, and about 22 feet above the level of high- water. — Over 5 miles and 20 chains from the

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 177

19. Glengarriff harbour: picturesque offshoot of Bantry Bay

    Glengarriff · townland · Cork

    The harbour or bay of Glengarriff is described as a magnificently picturesque penetration northward from near the head of the west side of Bantry Bay. It is celebrated as a gem within the setting of Bantry Bay's wide and gorgeous ring.

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    BANTRY, a spacious and sublimely scenic bay in the baronies of Bere and Bantry, co. Cork, Munster. It penetrates the country ea«t-north-eastward ; and is separated from Dunmanus bay, on the right, by a peninsula of 2^ miles in mean breadth, — and from the Keumare rirer or estuary, on the left, by a peninsula of about 7^ miles in mean breadth. It enters between Sheep Head on the right, and Blackhall Head, or the most southerly termination of the Berehaven mountains, on the left ; and it is 8 miles wide at the entrance. Its length is 20 miles ; and its interior breadth varies between 2} and 8, and in general is upwards of 5. Its chief expansions or offshoots are Berehaven bay, commencing 3| miles from Blackhall Head ; Ardagh bay, commencing 2| miles from Berehaven bay ; the magnificently picturesque harbour or bay of Glengariff, penetrating northward from near the bead of the west side ; three small estuaries at the extreme east-north-east; and the small cove at the town of Bantry. The principd islands are Bere and Whiddy, the former covering Berehaven, and the latter lying off the town of Bantry ; and on the east side of \Vhiddy are four isles, called Chapel, Horse, Hog, and Rabbit Islands. The depth of water north of Bere islands is from 10 to 16 fathoms ; south of that island, from 30 to 40 ; eastward to Whiddy island, from 15 to 25; and in the roadstead for ships between Whiddy and the mainland, from 24 to 40, on good anchorage ground. Bere island acts as a breakwater, and keeps the surface of the interior calm, during the strong and prevalent south-west winds ; and so safe and capacious is the bay that nearly all the shipping of Europe could shelter in it in deep water. **In exploring the bay," says the author of the Guide to Killarney, **the informed tourist will find its interest heightened by many traditionary and historical recollections. He will hear or recollect, with a smile, the antiquarian dreams of the venerable visionary Keating, according to whom the antediluvian Beth landed here, and first took possession of the green isUnd, with three men and fifty women. Here, on a small island, his attention will oe directed to the site of a fortress belonging to that consummate statesman and leader, Carew, Lord- President of Munster in the days of Elizabeth. Here also he will recollect the descent of a French fleet in 1789,* under the command of Monsieur Perrault, which was only saved from the English fleet under Herbert by the unfavourable state of the wind, which did not permit more than a partial attack. And here also, last not least, he will recall the more formidable event of 1796, when this island was providentially rescued by a hurricane of unparalleled fury, from the most formidable fleet that ever left the shores of France, bearing a force which there was no preparation to repel. Connected with this recollection, strikingly conspicuous as a feature of the surrounding scenery, appear the fortress and tower built at considerable expense after this invasion. Of these the best that may be said is, that they add much to the picturesque beauty of the scene ; and although they cannot offer the slightest obstacle to future in-

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 164

20. Glynn cotton-mill and hamlet

    Glynn · townland · Antrim

    At Glynn, about one mile north-north-east of Carrickfergus town, there is a cotton-mill and a hamlet. The parishioners share to a large extent in the employments of the linen manufacture.

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    Only a restricted senfie, to the county of the town. In the former is the village of Straid ; on the east niaririn of the parish, and near the month of Copeland Water, is the little villa^ of Eden ; in various localities are other villai^es or hamlets; on the Woodhurn rivalet, J of a mile north-north-east of the town, are a cotton^mill and a bleachfield ; and at Glynn, about the same distance north -north-east of the town, are another cotton-mill and a hamlet. The parishioners share, to a larf^e extent, in the employments of the linen manufacture. The chief mansions and villas are tho^e of See- Park and Seoiit- Bu«;h, on the road to Belfast ; Woodburn Lodg^e and Pro«»pcct, in the vale of the Woodburn rivulei ; and Oakfield, Thornfteld, North Lodg^e, and Glynn, north-ea-it of the town.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 192

21. Gráinne Uaile's castle on Clare Island

    Clare Island · electoral division · Mayo

    Gráinne Uaile (Grace O'Malley) divided the seat of her strange power between a castle on Clare Island and that of Carriganooly. The Clare Island edifice consists simply of a square tower, common across Ireland, but retains the association of her name. A populous village and the picturesquely situated old castle stand at the principal creek on the east end of the island.

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    CL AKE^, or Claiia, an i>land in the parish of KlIgevor, haruiiy of Miirrittk, co Mayo, Connaught. It lifs ill the middle of tiie entrance of Clciv bay, ahont *2\ miles s-outh-south-west of Achilbeg, 2j northnorth-west of Buinaha Point, and 14^ west of Westport. Leii^Mh, from oaAt to west, 4;^ miles; breadth, *J ; area, .'^,959 acres, *21 pcrehes. The north-west side ri>e> to the elevation of several hundred feet, and pre-ents to the ocean a fine mural face of precipitous cliir-*; hut the south-we*«t side, though facing the whole breadth of the Atlantic, shelves down to a comparatively low and even tame seu-board. The interior surface is diver^ified in contour; and, in one place, sends up a height, which, but for its being cap. able of cultivation to the summit, might be termed a mountain. The highest ground is Knockmore, situ.ited on the west coast, and lifting its summit to the altitude of I,5'2() feet above bea- level. The island appears to be one of the most fertile of the ni.iity which surround the mainland of the kingdom ; it contains a valley which produces as luxuriant crop'i of corn and potatoes as are anywhere to be seen ; it in nearly all in a tolerably good >tate of cultivation ; and it is susceptible, under the management of skill and taste, of being made, in a suhlunury >en-e, a miniature paradise. It is the property of Sir Samuel O'Malley, Bart. The rock, ut the cast end, i>i <<iind!»tone conglomerate, but elsewhere i< chiclly slate. A lighthouse crowns a lofty clilf on the north-east extremity; and, though of 4iou))t:ul v.ilue as a sea-light, forms a good mark for esitering (.'lew bay. The co^t of maintaining this lighthou>e during* the year 1640, was i!8l3 4s. 7(i. (Jood anchornge is obtained, in south-west wind<, under the lee of the island. A small pier was built in a little sandy bay at the east end, by Sir Samuel O'.Malley's father; but it con- .vi-t* of only a wall about 7 feet thick and 228 feet loiiu'. and covers a cove of only 900 feet by 150, mostly shallow and rocky, and possessing, even at the pier-head, no greater a depth than 0 or 10 feet. Harbour improvements were projected for this cove by Mr. Ninuno, to accommodate sailing-craft, and to co-^t at Ica-t jt'j.UOO. An useful creek for yawls could be formed at Port-a-Chonile, in the middle of the south >ide of the island, at a cost of about £250. A small creek, called Luckny, near the west end, is sometin)es u^ed as a landing-place for boats; but does not seem capable of improvement. Much grain is shipped for Westport; large quantities of seamanure are landed ; and about 340 men and boys <!ivide their cares between farming and the fisheries. At the principal creek, or that at the east end of the i>land, are a rather populous village, and a picture>({uely situated old castle. Grana Uaile, of curious fame, tiivided the seat of her strange power between thir. cattle and that of Carrigaiiooly [which see]; but the (Mare edifice possesses little except the association oi her name to excite interest, and consists ''imply of one of tho>c square towers which are so connnon over Ireland. In the neighbourhood of Port-a-Chonile, are an ugly bar Imrian- looking village and ^onie remains of a I'armelite friary or abbey, which \\a< founded in l'i'J4. A window in the ruin is a very good >pecimen oi Irish art; and in the win- (low i^ prc-crved, with mon>trous veneration, the alleged >ku!l (»t Grana I'aile, ornamented with ril>- bon^ and L'old car-iings, and exhibited to pilgrims a^ a N.iliiahle relic. Yet some Scottish speculator in hoi.e ninnure is >aid To have, not many years ago, nih'd various old churchyards in the western roaiiti uiiil i^landi of their loose Ixmey ; and, in particular,

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 207

22. Grand Canal extension to Lough Corrib

    Ballyforan · townland · Roscommon

    A proposed extension of the Grand Canal was planned to run up the River Suck from Ballinasloe to Ballyforan, deflect westward past Ballinamore, and proceed down to Lough Corrib.

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    (UiiHinttniratioHx.] — The great district of yrestem 11 i^li lands was, at a recent date, almost everywhere inacrfssihlo to a wheeled carriage, and even yet contains lar^'e tracts which continue utterly impracticalile : yet it has been extensively opened up by exi'cllent roads, and is undergoing exactly such a proce>s of rapid and ameliorating revolution as followed the construction of rends throughout the IlighlaixU of Scotland. The roads of the great low country U*ar comparison for goodness with those of ino<it parts of the other three provinces of Ireland ; and, in proportion to the density of population and the amount of prinluce, they are quite or very nearly as much ramiticd. Lines of railway, all by way of Athlonc. were recently proposed to be constructed from Duhliu to the town of Sligo in the north-east, to Hl;ick*od bay in the north-west, and to Roundstone luy in the south-east ; but they do not teem likely, for the present at least, to be cjirried into execution. The Shannon navigation is enjoyed up to the head of l.ouch Allen ; the artificial navigation of the Grand <'ahal to Hallinasloe ; and the natural navigation of the .Moy to iSallina. Projects have been seriously eiitirtained, of extending the Grand Canal to the foot ot Louirh ('orrib, extending the Royal Canal to the font of LouK'h CuUen, a little above Foxford, and coiiiiectiiu: both with a ramified navigation, chiefly natural and partly artificial, through the lakes and nv.r> of the interior with the sea at Galwa^r, Westport, and Killalia. The details of these projects are neH's.iaiily multitudinous; yet may possibly be ren- (i('re<l distinctly intelligible in a very succinct statement. The proposed extension of the Grand Canal runs up the Suck from Ballinasloe to Bally foraii, <lrfli'ct'i wi'-Jtward by Ballinainore, falls upon the riar.> river at Brook-Lodge, and proceeds down that stream to Lou.is'li I'orrib, but sends off a branch from the virinity oi Clare-Gal way direct to the heail of Loui^h Athalia at Galway. A proposed canal of altoiit one-third of a mile, through ditlicult ground, but ^tiU quite practicable, will connect Galway Har- Itour with the Galway river; and a natural navigatu)n theruv run** 25 miles north-north- west ward---3 of them }H>ing up the Galway river, and 22 to the head of Lou^'h Corrib in the vicinity of Cong; while another natural navigation of \i miles goes wi'^tward up an arm of f^ough Corrib, which deflects tioin near tlie head of the lake, and penetrates the nuMiiitain. country of Cunnemara right in the direc- (i(»n ot the head of the Killeries. A proposed canal ot 'J; mile* will connect Lough Corrib with Lough .Ma>k. ami po-t^'-is lockage to rai^e the level 36 feet; anil a natural navitration then exists of 9 miles northwa-il in LouL'h Mask, with an ofr<ihoot of 6 miles ea^twanl in Louch Carra. The line is prolonged ; northward from Lough Ma<k, by deepening the Ayle river 7 miles to roolc<lge lake', and cutting a canal | 3 nnle- tlu'iK'e to the lake* of Ca<tlebar. A oro- ' po^rd canal of 4 miles now comes up eastward from W«-«tp<>rt, with liN*kiu:e to the aggregate height of . *J2 U-t'i ; a na'ural navitration of 7 miles exists east- I iiortli-ea^twanl throukrh Castlebar lakes to Ca*tle- . bar ; a ean.il ot 4 mile« north-ea«tward, with lockage ■ ot (^> teet Ml a;ru'regate rise, will connect the Castlebar lakes uith the improvable part of tbe Castle- i

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 233

23. Granting of Boyle Abbey to Sir John King

    Boyle · town · Roscommon · 1603

    In 1603, the abbey and its largest estates were granted to Sir John King, the ancestor of the Earl of Kingston and Viscount Lorton. The King family's burying vault is located in the north side of the nave.

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    The Abbtyj] — The ruins of Boyle Abbey are situated within an enclosure about 100 yards north-northwest of the new bridge, and almost close to the new road to SHgo. The best view of them from without the enclosure, is obtained near the entrance-gate of the house of Lord Lorton's agent, and is thus described by Mr. Weld : " The part here seen consists entirely of the church and steeple, the latter rising in the centre, the north transept extending to the left, and the nave of the church to the right, under an angular point of view. No spacious or ornamented windows are observable, neither is there intricacy or varietv in the parts ; but the general effect of the ruins 18 solemn and imposing, and the lofty vaults of the circular arches in three of the sides of the steeple, soaring above the tops of the adjacent trees, comniunicate an air of grandeur to the edifice, which otherwise it might not be considered to possess. The steeple is a square tower of about 25 feet in the interior, rudelv built in the upper parts, and terminating abruptly. An abundance of ivy fringes the summit of the walls ; and, although the trees which shade the ruins are neither ver^ large nor old, yet they are disposed in a manner which contributes essentially to the embellishment of the scene." The views within the enclosure are of an altogether different character from that on the outside, and possess in the aggregate a large degree of interest ; but they comprise too many details to be capable of succinct notice. The church is cruciform, and measures from ea:«t to west 131 hei^ with a breadth of 25, and from north to south, or along the transepts, 50 feet, with a breadth of 22. The western window was a single, small, lancet-shaped opening, with carvings, now much worn, on the exterior; and the eastern window consisted of three lancet-shaped compartments, the central one of which was larger than the others. In the north side of the nave is the burying. vault of the King family, enclosed by a railing. The abbey, though a fine building, never po8se«8ed scNne features of architectural excellence ascribed to it by Arcbdall and the editor of Grose, and differs so widely from the account of it given by these writers as to render their descriptions mere ianey-writing or caricature. It belonged to the Cisterttan order of St. Bernard. Peter Mordha, its first abbot, and reputedly a man of great learning, was promoted to the see of Clonfert, and, in 117l» was drowned in the Shannon. Yet the establbhment, m it existed under him, was founded in 1148, at a pbce called Grollechdina ; and, as Boyle Abbey, it was founded in 1 161 by his successor, as an offset, or daughter, of the abbey of Mellifont. So at least says the Hiber- Ilia Doramicana; which, however, is not much to be trusted, and which treats us to a long detail of annals, containing hardly a line worth quoting. In 1603, the abbey, with some of its largest estates, was granted to Sir John King, the ancestor of the Earl of Kingston and Viscount Lorton.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 181

24. Grattan Street renamed Duncan Street, then restored

    Cork · city · Cork · 1798–1816

    Grattan Street in Cork was ordered by the corporation to be called Duncan Street in honour of Admiral Duncan, but reacquired its original name in 1816 through the influence of Sheriff Penrose.

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    ginal city^ointly form a line of 3^ furlongs southward from the North-bridge to the South-bridge; they are mutually separated— in name, at least— near the middle of the line, at the spot where now stands the exchange ; they still retain, as the site of two oi^ the old parish-churches, and in the character of many of their private edifices, memorials of their quondam importance; and they at different periods, and in compliment to successive sovereigns, temporarily bore the names of Royal-street, the Queen's Majetity'sstreet, King-street, and IIi<i Highness's-street. The Grand Parade, a very spacious street, runs 1 4 furlong northward from the river, opposite Sullivan's quay, to the west end of Patrick-ittreet, and is contniued to the north side of the island by a street utterly unworthy of so superb an associate. At the lower extremity of the Grand Parade, stands an equestrian statue of Geor^^e II. ; and near this statue is Gingle Stand, a point from which a project exiiited, in 1832, of throwing a timber bridge across the river to Sullivan's quay. The South Mull exteiuU 3 fuHungs eastward from the south end of the Grand Parade to An^le^ea bridge ; but, over about one-third of its length, is only a terrace or one-sided street overlooking the river. St. Patrick 's-strect, a very f^pacious and crowded thoroughfare, and in some retspects the most curious street in the city, goes off east south-eastward from the north end of the Grand Parade, and terminates north -north -east ward at St. Patrick's-bridge ; and it consists of three parts, each about a furlong in length, and jointlv constituting what, if completed, would be three sides of a heptagon. Another rather spacious street goes northward across the inland from Anglesen-bridge ; a straight but narrow street runs about 5 furlongs due east from the middle of South Main-street ; and very numerous streets, additional to all we have mentioned, lie east of the Main streets, and for the most part are constructed on a tolerably uniform observance of the rectilinear and rectangular alignment, but are nearly all short, narrow, dingy, or otherwise unentitled, except from incidental historical association, to any individual notice. The quays, particularly at the south point of the island in the vicinity of the Custom- Hpuse, and the ottice of the St. George Steam Packet Company, have not only a stirring and prosperous, but an ornamental and occasionally a sumptuous, appearance. Old Bride well-lant;, a very narrow and obscure alley, was formerly the site of the Corn Market, — afterwards converted into a bridewell. Portney's-lane and Dingle-lune were the site of respectively the Assembly Room and a somewhat celebrated theatre. Broad-lane also had at one time a theatre ; and, for two or three years about the middle of last century, was the place of public execution. Cross-street has its name from having: been the site of a Market Cross. Grafton's Alley has its name from bein^ the scene of the Duke of Grafton's death in I()90, from the shot of a blacksmith. Fish-Shamble-lane, now destitute of the object which obviously originated its preseist name, is said to have been known, in the days of the iri<h Volunteers, as Ireland's Kiting Liberty-street. Nilestreet was originally a canal arched over in 1705, and has its doigiiation in honour of the victory of the Nile. Grattan-street — which we formerly stated to have 'l)een so named in honour of the celelirated Henry Grattan — was ordered by the corporation, in 170f», to be called Duncan-street, in honour of Admiral Duncan ; but it reacquired its original name, in 18lM), throuii:h the influence o( Sheriff IVnrose.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 234

25. Great Connell Priory ruins, founded 1202

    Great Connell · street · Kildare · 1202

    A priory dedicated to the Virgin Mary and St. David was founded near Connell-house in 1202 by Meyler Fitzhenry, natural grandson of Henry I. Fitzhenry filled the house with regular canons from Lanthony in Monmouthshire and was buried in its chapter-house in 1220. The ruins include two Gothic windows, pillars with curious capitals, and remains of stalls, with a nave and choir measuring about 200 feet by 25.

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    borongfa, Liffey-eotta^, and Clowningi, the first the seat of T. £. Power, Esq. Near Connellhouse are the ruins of a monastery, of which the following account is given by Archdall: " A priory was founded here in 1202, under the inrocation of the Virgin Blary and St. David, by Meyler Fitzhenry, whose fiither was natural son to iking Henry I. : he came into this kingdom with the first adventurers, young, and in high esteem for his personal bravery and warlike exploits. He filled this house with regular canons from the monastery of Lanthony in Monmouthshire ; and, dying in the year 1220, was interred in the chapter-house of this priory. The prior of this house was a lord of parliament, to which he was seldom summoned. The priorv is now so much gone to decay, that scarcely any description can be given of its ruins: one part, supposed to be the nave and choir, but between which no distinct separation can be made, measures about 200 feet in length by 25. Two Gothic windows have alone resisted the ravages of time ; there are some pillars with curious capitals, and a few remains of stalls. On an adjoining hill is a small square house, with pediment fronts, seeminglv a turret belonging to the priory." — This parish is a perpetual curacy, in the dio. of Kildare ; yet a tithe composition, to the amount of £108 7s. 8d., is payable to the incumbent. Of the rectorial tiUies, composition to the amount of £14 9s. 9d. belongs to Robert Latouche, Esq.; of £20 13s. 7d., to Edward Mooney, Esq. ; of £9 12s. 7d., to Sir George Cockbume, Bart. ; of £12 18s. 4d., to the Rev. James Jones and his heirs; and of £3 3s. 3d., to the Bishop of Kildare ; but the proportions of Messrs. Latouche, Mooney, and Jones, are not claimed. The perpetual curacies of Great Connell and Ladytown [see that article], constitute the benefice of Great Connell. Length, 6| miles; breadth, 4. Pop., in 1831, 2,313. Gross income, £140 4s. 2d.; nett, £112 8s. Patron, the diocesan. The incumbent holds also the benefice of Jerpoint-East, in the dio. of Ossory. The church was built about 61 years ago by means of private donations and parochial assessment. Sittings 70; attendance 7. In 1834, the Protestants of the parish and union amounted to 89; the Roman Catholics of the parish, to 1,789; the Roman Catholies of the uidon, to 2,200; and 5 daily schools in the parish and union— one of which was a classical boarding and dav school — had on their books 63 boys and 61 giris. in 1839, the National Board granted £170 toward the building and furnishing of a boys* school and a girls' school at New Bridge.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 234

26. Great Rock of Cronroe and Cronroe House

    Cronroe · townland · Wicklow

    The village of Cronroe in Wicklow is noted for Cronroe-house, the seat of Isaac A. Eccles, which sits beneath a stupendous rocky eminence called the Great Rock of Cronroe. The summit of this rock commands views of the town of Wicklow, the woods of Rossanna, and the coast.

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    CRO.NROE, a village in the parish of Rathnew, barony of Newcastle, co. Wicklow, Leinster. It stands on the coast in the vicinity of Ashford. Cronroe-house, the seat of Isaac A. Eccles, Esq., occupies an ele%'ated site, backed by a stu|iendous rocky eminence, called the Great Rock of Cronroe. The summit of this rock commands an exquisite view of the valley and town of Wicklow, the woods of Rosaima, the hills of Ballyguile, and Killavarney, and a considerable extent of coast and sea. Fairs are held on May 12, and Oct. 2. Pop. returned with the parish.

    CROOK, a parish on the east border of the barony of Gualtier, in the inMnediate vicinity of East Passable, and .5 miles east by south of Waterford, co. Waterford, Munster. Length, 2 mile*; breadth, 1; area, l.OaS acres. Pop., m 1831, 970; in 1841, 814. Houses 139. It lies along tbe upper part of Waterford Harbour, is traversed by the road from Passage to Wat«rford, and consists of laud of middle-rate quality. A castle, now in ruin, was erected in the ISth century by Lc Poer, Baron d Curraghmore, and was occupie<l by the Knights Templars This parish is a rectorv, and a separate benefice, in the dio. of Waterford. Tithe composition, £ 1905s. .Id. ; glebe. £9. Gro^s income, £ 199 5s. 3d. ; nett, £135 4s. Id. Patron, the Crown. The incumbent holds also, at a salary of £50, a readership under one of the dignitaries of the cathedral. A subdenomination of the parish is wholly impropriate. In 1834, the Protestants amounted to K and the Roman Catholics to 996; and there was neither church, chapel, nor school.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 234

27. Green Lane at Clontarf, a favourite promenade

    Clontarf · parish · Dublin

    The Green Lane avenue at Clontarf is a favourite resort of visitors, commanding pleasant walks with views of Dublin Bay. The encircling country is luscious with cultivation and warm with sheltering wood.

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    CLONTARF, a village or small town in the above parish, stands on the north shore of Dublin bay, 2^ miles east-north-east of Dublin. The principal part of it is a street which extends inland from the shore to the gate of Clontarf-castle, and forms a noble vista in front of that edifice. But the most pleasing parts consist of single buildings, and rows, chains, and clusters of houses, scattered with unstudied diversity of site, through shaded and rural lanes. Several of the buildings are large ami handsome villas, emulating the magnitude and splendour of manorial mansions ; and others are cottages of a soft and embellished character, well suited to the use of persons who desire such sea-bathing quarters or summer retreats as eminently combine tranquil rural retirement with near vicinity to the metropolis. Along the edge of the water are numerous small erections called the Sheds of Clontarf, which were formerly occupied by fishermen for drying their fish ; and interspersed with them are neat dwellings, which have been erected as lodging-houses for sea-bathers. The green and devious lanes of the town form a series of pleasant walks, and command, from various points, exquisite views of the scenery of the bay ; the avenue called the Green Lane, in particular, is a favourite resort of visitors ; and the whole of the encincturing country is luscious with cultivation, and warm with sheltering wood. — The inhabitants live partly by fishing, mining, and agricultural labour, but chiefly by letting lodgings and bathing machines to summer visitors, and by " carrying passengers backward and forward during the bathing months on cars, jingles, and shandredans." A lead mine, which extends under the sea, has been advantageously worked.

    At a short distance from the town, on the road to* Dublin , is the nol)le villa of Marino, with its admired Cassino. See Marimo In the vicinity of

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 219

28. Grotesque bone carving found near Carrigrohane

    near Carrigrohane · townland · Cork

    A curious fragment carved in minute detail on bone, possibly part of a human skull, was dug up in the neighbourhood of Carrigrohane by Mr. Croker. It represents a dragon stirring an emaciated human figure with a pole, bearing the Latin legend 'Mittet malos in caminum ignis,' and its original purpose remains a mystery.

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    CARRIGROHANE, or Kilcrohanmore, a parish in the baronies of Cork and East Muskerry, CO. Cork, Munster. It lies on the river Lee, 3 miles \ve»t by south of Cork, and contains in its Muskcrry section the town of Ballincollio : which t^ee. Length, 3 miles ; breadth, 1 ^ ; area, 2,658 acres, — of which 1,605 acres are in the barony of Cork section. Pop., in 1831, 2.152; in 1841, 2,279. Houses 307. Pop. of the barony of Cork section, in 1 83 1 , 600 ; in 1 84 1 , 756. Houses 1 1 9. Pop. of the rural districts of the Muskerry section, in 1841,236. Houses 34. The districts of Balliucollig, Coolroe, Great Island, and Ordnance Ground, formerly belonged to the Barretts, and were transferred to East Muskerry by the Act 6 and 7 William IV. Pop. of these di>>tricts, in 1831, 1,321. The Lee, while in contact with the parish, possesses much gentle beauty, and some features of romance ; receives, on its left bank, the southern Awbeg through a picturesque and richly- wooded glen ; and occasionally produces, in some deep pools, a species of freshwater mussels containing pearls, some of which are of the size of a pea, and of a good water. The land of the parish is prevailingly good, and comparatively well cultivated. At B^IincoUig is the ruin of a considerable castle which belonged to the Barretts, and was garrisoned in the wars both of Cromwell and of James II. ; and 1^ mile farther down the Lee, and confronting the seats of Mount- Duncombe, Kiteborough, and Lee- View, is the picturesque ruin of Carrigrohanc-castle, perched on a precipitous rock which overhangs the river. This pile is said to have been constructed by the IVIac- Carthys ; it suffered considerable dilapidation during the troubles of 1641 ; and«lt was soon afterwards repaired, and became the fastness of a notorious rapparee, called Captain Cape, and of a gang of desperate associated bandits, who waylaid travellers, and savagely plundered the surrounding country. It contains gloomy apartments and vaulted dungeons, enclosed by massive walls ; and consists of two piles of different age, altitude, bulk, and architecture, — the larger and older of which is oblong, threestoried, and roofless. A remarkably fine sycamore tree long reared its majestic form adjacent to the entrance of the castle, but was cut down soon after 1801. A cave at the base of the rock on which the ruin stands is believed by the peasantry to communicate with the great caverns of Ovens, 4 miles distant ; and a deep pool, called Hell's-Hole, overhung by lofty limestone cliffs, and situated at a sudden bend of the river above the site of the castle, is absurdly imagined to be haunted by a monstrous biped, having a mane like a horse, and a body like an eel, ** In this neighbourhood^" says ]Mr. Croker, '* a curious fragment, now in my possession, was dug up : it is a grotesque carving minutely executed on bone, (supposed to have been part of a human skull,) representing a dragon stirring with a pole an emaciated human figure or corpse ; and between them is a label bearmg the legend, * Mittet inalos in caminu ignis.' To assign correctly the object or use of this piece of monkish labour, is now a matter of impossibility, although it may once have attained extensive celebrity." — This parish is a rectory in the dio. of Cork. Tithe composition, £330 ; glebe. £36. The rectories of Carrigrohane, andCurricuppane, and the vicarage of Corbally, contititute the benefice of Carrigrohane ; and, jointly with the sinecure rectory of Kinneigh, they constitute also the corps of the precentorship of St. Fiiibarr's cathedral, Cork. Pop., in 1831, 2,961. Gross income, X682 16s. 8d., besides £225 IDs. from

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 196

29. Gurteen incomplete mansion

    Gurteen · street · Tipperary

    A site of extensive woods below Clonmel where a superb mansion was commenced several years prior to 1846 but never completed.

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    the villas of Haywood, OlencoRnor, and Sonniwrville, the residences respectively of Mr. Ry«U* Mr. Bagwell, and Mr. Bnulshaw. At 2 mile* from the town on the road to Cahir, is Barn, the handsome mansion of Stephen Moore, E^q. ; and at 4 miles on the same road, is Woodroffe, the extensively wooded demesne of Win. Perry, "Esq. Qa the road to Thurles are Rathronan-houae, and Daiw ling-hill, the seats respectively of Sir Hugh Gough, Hart., and Baron Pennefather. Below the town, at from 2 to 4 miles, are Newtown, the aeat of the Osborne family ; Tickencore, the site of a fomer seat of that family ; the interesting and prolong mountain ravine of Glen-Patrick ; and the extennfe woods of Gurteen, where a superb mansion was commenced several years ago, but not completed. On the road to Cork, and on the left bank of the Suir, is Marlfield, the seat of John Bagwell, Esq., the principal proprietor of the town ; this mansion commands a full view of some of the finest scenei/ in the parish ; and the boldly rising hills, and loof reaches of wood-clad banks of the river oonnectM with its demesne, constitute pleasant close scenes along the road, and contribute largely to the general landscape of the valley. About 3 milea from the town on the same road, and on an eztensire, planted, natural terrace, stands Knocklefty, the seat of Earl Donoughmore, — a plain low structure, commandinf a charming prospect of highly embellished risii^ grounds, and surrounded bv an extensive demesne wliich contains some venerable and conspicuous specimens of aged forest trees. Opposite Knocklofty, and on the right bank of the Suir, stands Kilmanahan Castle, the seat of Nuttall Greene, Esq., — a castellated mansion on a delightful site, and grouping with picturesque effect in a series of views obtained from the public road. Many of the objects we have noticed are within the parish, and ethen are in its immediate environs; yet, as seen in oar faint and incomplete etching, tney utterly &jl la represent to the imagination the aggregate* hautj and splendour which smile and sparkle upon the fiur face of the parochial surface.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 216

30. Hacket's Franciscan Abbey, steeple fell 1757

    Cashel · town · Tipperary · 1216–1757

    A Franciscan monastery called Hacket's Abbey was founded by W. Hacket in the reign of Henry III, situated at the rear of Friar-street. Its beautiful steeple fell in February 1757, and ancient sculptures with curious inscriptions were discovered among the ruins.

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    Other Public Buillings.^ — Hore Abbey stands on the plain 550 yards west, in a straight line, from the summit of the Rock; and served to mark the northwest angle of the ancient limits of the borough. Its ruins are sufficient in both magnitude and character to produce an imposing effect. Its tower b square, spacious, and loftv, and measures about 20 fieet on each side within the walls ; its east window is small and plain ; in the walls of the choir are some remains of stalls ; the nave is 00 feet long and 23 broad, and exhibited in each side an arcade of Gothic arches, with lateral aisles about 13 feet broad; on the south side of the steeple is a small door leading into an open part about 30 feet long and 24 broad, — the side walls much broken, and the gable end pierced with a long window ; and on the north side of the steeple is a small division, with a low arched apartment, which appears, from some niches with apertures in the walls, to have been used as a confessional. This abbey was founded in 1272, by David MacCarville, Archbishop of Cashel, set apart for the use of a community of Cistertians brought from Mellifont in Louth, and endowed with the revenues of the Benedictines, whom the Archbishop expelled from ** the abbey of the Rock of Cashel, near the cathedral of St. Patrick." — A monastery, called Racket's Abbey, was founded by W. Hacket, in the reign of Henry III., for Conventual Franciscans ; and was situated at the rear of Friar-street. In Feb. 1757. its beautiful and lofty steeple fell to the ground ; and many years ago, the whole pile had become such a rubbishy tumulus of ruin, that its divisions could not without difTicultv be traced. Among its ruins many ancient pieces ot sculpture, containing curious inscriptions, have been discovered. — In 1*24.3, David MacKeliy, a Dominican, and Archl>i>hop of Cashel, founded, adjacent to the town, but not within the borough limits, a Dombiican friary, arul peopled it with a community firom the friary of Cork. This monastery is said, by Archdall, to hare hten " the noblest and most beautiful building belonging to the Dominican order in Ireland.** — About the year 1230, Sir David Le Latimer, seneschal to Marian, Archbishop of Cashel, found an hospital, with 14 beds and 3 chaplaincies, for the sick and iniirm poor ; Marian, the Archbishop, endowed it with two flagons of ale out of every brewing made for sale within the limits of 30 messuages in the town ; and MacCarville, the founder of the Cistertian abbey, ** did, by force and violence,** unite it to that abbey, or make a transference of til its property to the Cistertian monks. The mini of tb«

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 200

31. Haggs Head peninsula screening Liscanor Bay

    near Hag's Head · promontory · Clare

    The coast of the barony of Corcomroe in County Clare projects in a bold, broad peninsula that screens the north side of Liscanor Bay and terminates at Haggs Head. The coastline presents a grand rampart of rock to the Atlantic Ocean.

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    CORCOMROE, a maritime barony of co. Clare, Munster. It is bounded, on the north, hf Burren; on the east, by Inchiquin ; on the south, by Indiiquia and Ibrickane; and on the west, by the Atlantic Ocean and the South Sound. Its greatest length, from east io west, is 10} miles ; its greatest breadth is 10; and its area is 61,385 acres, 9 perches,— 4if which 292 acres, 3 roods, 26 perches are water. Its coast contains the head and the north side of Liscanor bay, and two or three very small creeks or coves ; it projects in the bohl and comparatively broad peninsula which screens the north side of Liscanor bay, and terminates in Haggs Head ; and it presents to the ocean, for the most part, a bluff and grand rampart of rock. The interior is variously upland and hilly ; and contains much lofty, and very little level, gronod. The soil, to use the words of Hely Dutton, ** consists of a fertile day on whinstone rock, called hers cold stone, to distinguish it from limestone, which is called hot soU- It wants only draining, liming, and a proper course of cropping, to make those lands that now [in 1808] pay only a few shillings per acre, worth from two to three guineas." Lough Licken lies nearly in the centre of the barony ; and several loughlets occur in other districts. Most of the drainage is effected by a considerable rivulet which traces the northern boundary to the South Sound, and by the Forsett river, which comes ia from Inchiquin, and runs to the head of Liscanor bay ; but a small district in the east is drained eastward to Loughs Inchiquin and Tador and the river

    Fergus This barony contains the paruhea of Cloocy,

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 234

32. Hampton Lodge, seat of Mrs. Williams

    near Drumcondra · townland · Dublin

    Hampton Lodge was the seat of Mrs. Williams, widow of the late secretary of the Bank of Ireland, and stood amidst grounds of singular neatness. It was among the notable residences along the Liffey toward Clontarf.

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    artificial mineral well eager crowds of belles and lieaux, both invalid and bale. Belvidere, the seat of Sir Cor(hill Coghill, is a handsome brick building, and was formerly occupied by Lord-chancellor Lifford. Drumcondra-castle, the seat of Richard WiU liains, Eijq., is a square, castellated edifice, and was formerly occupied by Sir James Galbraith. Drumcondra-house, the seat of W. Stewart Hamilton, Esq., is a magnificent square building of Portland stone, and was erected by the late Earl of Charleville. Hampton Lodge is the seat of Mrs. Williams, the widow of the late secretary of the Bank of Ireland ; and stands amidst grounds of singular neatness. The road in view of these mansions, and along the Liffey toward Clontarf, wears almost the appearance of an extensive walk in a nobleman's demesne, overlooked by not one cabin, and umbrageously shaded by rows of stately trees. — This parish is wholly impropriate, and forms a perpetual curacy, and separate benefice, in the dio. of Dublin. Gross and nett income, £69 4s. 7|d. Patron, the corporation of the city of Dublin. The tithes belong to that corporation, but are not collected. The church was officially reported in 1837 to be in ruins, but was in use in 1B34, and had an attendance of from 150 to 300. The Roman Catholic chapel has an attendance of 300 ; and, in the Roman Catholic parochial arrangement, is united to the chapels of Clontarf, Coolock, and Santry. In 1834, the Protestants amounted to 787* and the Roman Catholics to 1,926; a subscription infant-school had on its books 15 boys and 27 girls; and a female school, attached to a nunnery, and supported partly by the nuns and partly by subscription, had on its books 80 girls.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 220

33. Harbourless sweep of coast from Killala Bay to Broad Haven

    near Broad Haven · bay · Mayo

    The long, slightly indented stretch of coastline from Killala Bay to Broad Haven in Mayo offers no safe asylum for ships. It provides only a few inferior retreats for fishermen's boats.

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    Islands and Coasts.'] — A large aggre^te area on the west is insular and peninsular. But the islantis and peninsula;, for the most part, arc interlaonl, and jointly form an exceedingly intricate and profusely intersected broad belt of coast. The principal islands, named from north to south, are Injiidkrs, Achill, Inisbegil, Annach, Clare, Iiinisturk, lniii»- boflTm, Innishark, Lettermullen, and Arnnmon. The sounds which intersect the islands and peninsu1a>, and the bays which indent the mainland, afford a profusion of excellent harbours, — difficult and almost impracticable in some instances to a stranger, but open in other instAnees as safe asylums to every mariner who skims the seas, and available to the amount of absolute multitudinousness, with the aid of a native pilot or fisherman. The principal bays and sounds for capaciousness are, on the north, the bays of SlifO and Killalla ; on the north-west, Broadhaven ; and on the west, the bays of Blacksod and TuUochaan, the Sound of Achill, Clew bay, the Killeries, Balling kill Harbour, and the bays of Claggan, Mannin, Roundstone, Birterbuy, Kilkerran, Greatman, Cask-h, and Galway. The coasts both of the bays and the intermediate peninsula; and heaillands are in genenl bold and rugged, and yet so indented or serrated as to offer from their ver^ boldness a superior shelter to the mariner; and, m some places, as in part of Erris, they exhibit such combinations of eUff and pinnacle and cavern as pro<luce scenery of the grandest variety of the romantic. Yet considerable stretches of coast, as on the north side of the hay of Galway, and in part of the county of Sligo, they are low and tame ; and the same stretches, or others, particularly the long and very slightly indented sweep from Killalla bay to Broadhaven, present not one asylum to a ship, and afford but few and iafinier retreats to even iishermen's boats.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 230

34. Hartstonge family church at Bruff

    Bruff · town · Limerick

    The church at Bruff was originally built by the Hartstonge family as a chapel-of-ease and was presented by them to the parish. It had sittings for 250 and an attendance of 80.

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    separate benefice, in the dio. of Limerick. Vicarial tithe composition, £G0 ; glebe, £25 16s. lid. Gross income. £\\S 2s. lid. ; nett, £64 13s. l!d. Patron, the diocesan. A curate has a stipend of £75. The rectorial tithes are compounded for £120, and are impropriate in the Earl of Kenmare. The church was originally built by the Hartstonge family as a chapol-of ease, and was presented by them to the pHri>h. Sittings 250 ; attendance 80. The Roman Catholic chapel has an attendance of 1,000; and, in the Roman Catholic parochial arrang-ement, is united to the chapels of Grange and Glenogra. In 1834, the Protestants amounted to 110, and the Reman Catholics to 2,944 ; and 4 daily schools — one of which was for adults, and another was a free-school, supported by £34 a-year from the vicar — had on their books 197 mules and 84 females. In 1840, two National schools were attended by respectively 138 males and 84 females, and were annually aided by the Board, the former with £12, and the latter with £8.

    BRUHENNY. See Chcrchtown, Orrery and Kihnore, co. Cork.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 181

35. Haulbowline Island's naval stores

    near Haulbowline Island · townland · Cork

    Hawlbowline Island, located in Cork Harbour, contains naval and ordnance stores and warehouses. It is situated 3 furlongs north-north-west of Rocky Island.

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    of peninsula* from its ihoresc, wid the ■taddin^ df Spike, Rocky, and HawlbowHiie Is1«Liid< on the left side of its bosom. Spike Island, with iU enormoaslj expensive modern fortifications and barracks, lin li miles north-north-west of Carlisli! Fort or Dof f Nose Point; Rocky Island, with its small, loopholed turret, and its two powder-iBagacines excavated in the solid rock, lies half-a-mtle west-north-veil of Spike Inland ; and Hawlbowline Island, with its naval and ordnance stores and warehouses, lies 3 furlongs north-north-west of Rocky Island. See t>riK£, Hawlbowlike, and Rockt. Great Islaod, with the romantically situated town of Core on its southern shore [see baEAT Islajtd and Cote], extends almost quite across the head or nearly widetl part of the inner harbour, so as practically to terminate it, aiul to reduce the further marine neri^ tion to two narrow sounds along- its ends. The eastern sound is overlooked at the conameneemeatflf its east shore by the village of East Passage ; it expands at the north-east corner of Great Island into a lagune of a mile or upwards in width, which receives the Bliddleton river ; it then deflect* at a right angle, and proceeds 3^ miles westward to Foaty Uaad; and it finally becomes lost in a chain of irery narrov sounds whi(!h zone Foaty Island, Little Island, aad two or three intermediate islands. The westcfx sound, or main channel of the Lee, proceeds 2) miles nearly due north ; it is overlooked on the weit^kan bv the bustling and pretty little town of Paasige, or >Vest Passage ; and it terminates right in front of the southern extremity of Little Island. The eoatinuation of this sound over 2} miles hears northwestward, has a mean breadth of at least a mile ; and is oflen called Lough Mahon ; and it then de* bouches round the point of Black Rock Castle, bo^ comes contracted in breadth, and proceeds westwird, more as the effluxion of the tide upon a river thanis properly an estuary, to the city of Cork. So meek has already been incidentally said in the articles Blackrock, Cove, and Cork (County of), and le much viill be additionally said in the articles CuiE* uucs, Lek, &c., respecting the opulen^ and diverdty of the scenery of Cork Harbour, that we may here simply describe the sounds, shores, pciiinsalMf islands, forts, towns, demesnes, villas, woods, slopef* cliffs, hills, and intricate lacustrine expansion of the inner harbour and its offuhoots, as an absolate seiiet of almost perfect specimens of fine picturcs^M beauty.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 234

36. Hell's Hole and subterranean legends at Carrigrohane

    near Carrigrohane · townland · Cork

    A cave at the base of the rock on which Carrigrohane Castle stands is believed by the peasantry to communicate with the great caverns of Ovens, 4 miles distant. A deep pool called Hell's Hole, overhung by limestone cliffs at a bend of the river, is imagined to be haunted by a monstrous creature with a mane like a horse and a body like an eel.

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    CARRIGROHANE, or Kilcrohanmore, a parish in the baronies of Cork and East Muskerry, CO. Cork, Munster. It lies on the river Lee, 3 miles \ve»t by south of Cork, and contains in its Muskcrry section the town of Ballincollio : which t^ee. Length, 3 miles ; breadth, 1 ^ ; area, 2,658 acres, — of which 1,605 acres are in the barony of Cork section. Pop., in 1831, 2.152; in 1841, 2,279. Houses 307. Pop. of the barony of Cork section, in 1 83 1 , 600 ; in 1 84 1 , 756. Houses 1 1 9. Pop. of the rural districts of the Muskerry section, in 1841,236. Houses 34. The districts of Balliucollig, Coolroe, Great Island, and Ordnance Ground, formerly belonged to the Barretts, and were transferred to East Muskerry by the Act 6 and 7 William IV. Pop. of these di>>tricts, in 1831, 1,321. The Lee, while in contact with the parish, possesses much gentle beauty, and some features of romance ; receives, on its left bank, the southern Awbeg through a picturesque and richly- wooded glen ; and occasionally produces, in some deep pools, a species of freshwater mussels containing pearls, some of which are of the size of a pea, and of a good water. The land of the parish is prevailingly good, and comparatively well cultivated. At B^IincoUig is the ruin of a considerable castle which belonged to the Barretts, and was garrisoned in the wars both of Cromwell and of James II. ; and 1^ mile farther down the Lee, and confronting the seats of Mount- Duncombe, Kiteborough, and Lee- View, is the picturesque ruin of Carrigrohanc-castle, perched on a precipitous rock which overhangs the river. This pile is said to have been constructed by the IVIac- Carthys ; it suffered considerable dilapidation during the troubles of 1641 ; and«lt was soon afterwards repaired, and became the fastness of a notorious rapparee, called Captain Cape, and of a gang of desperate associated bandits, who waylaid travellers, and savagely plundered the surrounding country. It contains gloomy apartments and vaulted dungeons, enclosed by massive walls ; and consists of two piles of different age, altitude, bulk, and architecture, — the larger and older of which is oblong, threestoried, and roofless. A remarkably fine sycamore tree long reared its majestic form adjacent to the entrance of the castle, but was cut down soon after 1801. A cave at the base of the rock on which the ruin stands is believed by the peasantry to communicate with the great caverns of Ovens, 4 miles distant ; and a deep pool, called Hell's-Hole, overhung by lofty limestone cliffs, and situated at a sudden bend of the river above the site of the castle, is absurdly imagined to be haunted by a monstrous biped, having a mane like a horse, and a body like an eel, ** In this neighbourhood^" says ]Mr. Croker, '* a curious fragment, now in my possession, was dug up : it is a grotesque carving minutely executed on bone, (supposed to have been part of a human skull,) representing a dragon stirring with a pole an emaciated human figure or corpse ; and between them is a label bearmg the legend, * Mittet inalos in caminu ignis.' To assign correctly the object or use of this piece of monkish labour, is now a matter of impossibility, although it may once have attained extensive celebrity." — This parish is a rectory in the dio. of Cork. Tithe composition, £330 ; glebe. £36. The rectories of Carrigrohane, andCurricuppane, and the vicarage of Corbally, contititute the benefice of Carrigrohane ; and, jointly with the sinecure rectory of Kinneigh, they constitute also the corps of the precentorship of St. Fiiibarr's cathedral, Cork. Pop., in 1831, 2,961. Gross income, X682 16s. 8d., besides £225 IDs. from

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 196

37. High Crosses at Clonmacnoise

    Clonmacnoise · townland · Offaly · 1073–1155

    A very fine stone-cross 15 feet high stands near the west door of MacDermot's church, covered with inscriptions and carvings. Five crosses are traditionally said to have stood in the cemetery, including one erected in 1073 in memory of Con. O'Melaghlin, King of Meath.

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    A very fine stone-cross, 15 feet high and all of one piece, stands near the west door of MacDermot's eiiurch, and is covered all over with inscriptions and with rude but elaborate carvings in bas relievo of representations and devices, which have been the Kubjcct of warm and perplexing yet ludicrous controversies among antiquaries. Another large cross, though not so fine as the former, is in tolerable pre- SLTvution. Three other crosses arc said to have stood in various parts of the cemetery ; and of the five, one is alleged to have been erected in 1073, in memory of Con. O'Melaghlin, King of Meath, who was assassinated in that year by his nephew ; one in 1 100, to O'Heyne, dynast or petty king of Siol- Muireaddy: onem 1118, to Rory-ma-Suighe-buidhe O'Conor, King of Connaught ; and one in 1155, or a little later, to Tordelvach O'Conor, monarch of Ireland, and father of Roderick the last O'Conor monarch MacCarthy's church, situated in the northwest corner of the cemetery, has attached to it one of the pillar-towers, commonly called MacCarthy's tower, and is traditionally reputed to have been built by the MacCarthy More of Munster, the greatest sept in CO. Cork, and the superior of the O'Learys, the O'Sullivans, the O'Donohues, and other tribes of Milesian name. The church and the tower are formed of the same kind of stone, and constructed with the same range and character of moaonry ; and they have been thought — without an^ great violence of conjecture, or wide play of an till uary's fancy — to indicate mutual adaptation and roevality of erection. " The tower stands on the south side of the chancel of the church ; and the doorway of the tower, instead of being elevated 10 or 15 feet from the ground, is on a level with the flow of the chancel from which it leads ; it is within a few feet of the altar ; moreover, the archway leading from the nave of the church into the chancel, which is of the most finished and at the same time chaiite order of Gothic construction, is wrought into the body of the round tower, part of whose rotundity is sacriticed to give room and form to the display of its light and elegant span." The tower, though but 55 feet in height and 7 feet in diameter within the walls, is one of the most perfect in Ireland ; it is conically capped, with singularly and beautifully arranged courses of cut stone; and it differs from other pillar-towers, not alone in having its entrance level with the ground, but in presenting marks of a staircase rising spirally to the top. On the brow of an elevation at the west side of the cemetery, in a line with the other principal buildings, and directly overhanging the Shannon, stands the second pillar-tower, the great prominent eyeuttracting object of the whole scene, and unquestionably the most beautiful structure of its class in Ireland. The limestone which compo!*es it is of an a.shy-grcy colour, and full of madrcporic concretions, but possesses the compactness, the ringing-xound, and the capability of polish which constitute marble ; it is smoothed to nearly as high a finish as ordinary marble mantel- pieces, and renuiins a:i much unaffected

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 215

38. Hill of Bentullagh: viewpoint over Clonmacnoise

    Clonmacnoise · townland · Offaly

    The green hill of Bentullagh, shaped like the inverted hull of a ship, commands a panoramic view of the sacred site of Clonmacnoise and the surrounding bog landscape. A traveller approaching by boat from Athlone ascended this hill to survey the churches, round towers, and O'Heglin's Castle below.

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    Clonroacnoise proper — or, as it is often celled. The Seven Churches^was formerly the eite of a Culdean college, an ancient town, rarioua momstie buildings, various antique churches, a cathedral, and a bishop's residence; and it possesses a singalar combination of interest for its dismally sequesterai situation, its wondrous mass of ecclesiastieal roins, its extensive and celebrated cemetery, and its historical associations with at once ancient literaton and warfare, and modem superstitions and demonlizing orgies. Different writers have not inaptly called it, *the lona of Ireland,' and *the Mecca of Irish hagiolatry ;' ]^et these designations point at scarcely one-half of its wide circle of curioas objects and reminiscences. The place is on the left bank of the Shannon, about 4 miles north-east of ^ Shannnn- Bridge, in the midst of a great and chaotic expsnse of red bog, but on the terminating elope of an extraordinary chain of low gravel hills, which bisects the bogs, stoops slowly down to the stagnant river, and bears the name of the Aisgir Reada. A gr^ihie writer, who approached it by boat from Athlone, says, " The solitary hopelessness of the bog is ell around ; and nothing interrupts the silence of the waste but the pipe of the curlew, as it whistles over the morass, or the shriek of the heron, as it rises lazily from the sedgy bank, and GomplaiM alond against our unwonted interruption of its solitary speculations. If ever there was a picture of grim and hideous repose, it is the flow of the Shannoa from Athlone to Clonmacnoise. * * A line of gravel hills, forming the Aisgir Reada, comet from the east, and cuts the line of the Shannon at right angles, causing the great river to form a naA «r bend; and the hills, breaking their direct line as they approach the stream, form en amphitheatre, upon the southern curve of which are erected the Seven Churches. The northern terminates in a beantUal green hill, like the inverted hull of a ship, rooad which the river flows at some distance, Icaviiw an extensive flat of swampy meadow between it aadthe water. As the wind was strong and steadv hen ap the river, causing the labour of rowing to be atoMet intolerable, we drew up our little cot into a eove^ and, ascending the green hill, had at onee from its summit a view of the sacred spot before us, and of the extraordinary country all around. • • • What a dreary vale is Glendalough? what almidy isle is Inniscultra? what a hideous place ia Putriek s purgatory? what a desolate spot is Clonmamnise? From this hill of BentulUgh, on which we nowfltoodi the numerous churches, tiie two round towers, the curiously overhanging bastions of O'HehgUin's Castle, all before us to the south, and relief from the dreary sameness of the red bogs, presented such a picture of tottering i

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 213

39. Hill of Four Knocks at Clonalvey

    Fourknocks · townland · Meath

    The hill of Four Knocks on the north boundary of the parish of Clonalvey in co. Meath has an altitude of 503 feet. The parish interior is bisected by one of the roads from Dublin to Drogheda.

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    CLONALVEY, a parish on the southern border of the barony of Upper Duleek, co. Meath, 4| miles 80uth-ea<t of the town of Duleek, Leinster. Length, west by southward, 3 miles ; breadth, from ^ of a mile to 2;^ ; area, 3,125 acres, 1 rood. 2 perches. Pop., in 1*831, 1,055; in 1841, 709. Houses 134. The land is in general good. The hill of Four Knocks, on the north boundary, has an altitude of 503 feet. The interior is bisected by one of the roads from Dublin to Drogheda. A rivulet of small length of run, but of considerable water.power, traces the southeni boundary, and divides the county of Meath from that of Dublin. The mansions are Cla^hford, Naul'Park, Bodingtown, Beshellstown, Flemington, Grange, and Mi^knanstown This parish is a vicarage, and part of the benefice of Julia nstown [which «eel, in the dio. of Meath. Vicarial tithe composition.

    £55; glebe, £57 8s. Id. The rectorial titbet m compounded for £100, and are impropriate Id the Rev. W. Beaufort and his heirs. The Ronan Catholic chapel has an attendance of from S50 to TOO ; and, in the Roman Catholic parochial arrangement, is united to the chapel of Ardcath in the benefice of Duleek. In 1834, the parishioners were all Roman Catholics ; and a National school was aided with £5 a-year from the Roman Catholic clergyman, and had on its books 50 boys and 30 girls.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 210

40. History of the Cathedral on the Rock of Cashel

    near Rock of Cashel · rock or rocks · Tipperary · 1169–1647

    The cathedral on the Rock of Cashel was originally built in 1169 by Donald O'Brien, King of Limerick, without damaging the older Cormac's Chapel. It was repaired in 1421, burned in 1495 by the Earl of Kildare, and stormed by Lord Inchiquin in 1647 during the civil war.

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    grotesque beads. The nave exhibits leriet of pilv* ters, sustaining blank arches, and richly decorsted with various devices; but it possesses so dim a lig:bt as very imperfectly to reveal its scnlptorial tre»* sures. The exterior walls of the south side display blank arches and pillars, with grotesque beads ; and they send up at the junction of the nave and choir a square tower of 68 feet in height. The walls of the north side stand so dose to those of tbe cathedral that a visiter, on approaching the Saxon door« way from the cathedral's choir, perceives the cathedral's southern wall to have evidently intersected a part of the chapel's roof. Yet, between the two piles, and in an uncovered space enclosed by walls and towers belonging to the cathedral, is shown the alleged mausoleum of the chapel's founder, — a plain and massive structure of similar style and antiquity to the chapel itself; and over the arch by which it is entered appears a tablet representing, in basso relievo, and in very rude scnlptariiig, a monster animal resembling a bull with wings. — Near the east angle of the north aisle of the cathedral rises the round tower, 56 feet in drcumferenoe, and 90 feet in height. It communicates with the church by a subterranean passage; its doorway is 11 or 12 feet from the ground ; it is divided into 5 stories, eacb of which, from the projecting layer of stones, appears to have had its window; it has four apertures at the top ; and its roof consists of jointed stones so admirably put together, that it appears as smooth as the inside of a china bowl. — The cathedral consists of a choir, a nave, transepts, and a square tower rising from the centre of the cruciform intersection; and it measures about 210 feet from east to west, and about 170 along the transepts. This Irailding presents a mixture of military and ecclesiastiod architecture, which adds to the picturesi]|aeness of its external appearance ; and is to be admired more as a grand and well-broken mass of masonry, than for the elegance of either its plan or its decorations. It has no side-aisles ; its windows are of the narrow pointed order common in the 12th and 13th centuries; it has no western portal ; and its entrance-doors were placed to the north and south of the west window. In 1169, Donald O'Brien, king of Limerids, is said to have built the original part of tliis pile,— using care not to injure the more ancient chapel of Cormac and round tower; in 1421, Richard O'Hedian, Archbishop of Cashel, repaired the structure, and constructed beside it a h^l for the Ticara choral ; in 1495, it was burned by the Eari of Kildare; in 1647, after having been fortified for the purposes of the civil war, it was stormed and captured by Lord Inchiquin ; between 1744 and ITo, it was unroofed by Archbishop Price, and abandoned to speedy dilapidation ; and, a short time afterwards. Archbishop Agar made a vain attempt to restore it, and felt compelled to supplant it by the erection of the new cathedral — A castellated building at the west end of the old cathedral, appears externally • part of it, and is internally connected with it ; it was anciently both a palace and a fortalice, and, in its connection with the ecdesiastical pile, occasioned the whole structure to be subordinated to the pnrw poses of war ; and it appears to have been a place of great strength, and a retreat of almost rml consequence, in days when raetropolitical ecc&nntaci assumed the prerogatives, and wielded the pdUtical and martial weapons of princes. — On the south sido of the cathedral is an edifice called the Dean's SUl ; and between the two structures is a curious stone, elevated upon a large block, the one side of wUdi represents a crucifixion, and the other a figure popn. larly regarded as the effigies of St. Patrick. At tUe stone, say Mr. and Mrs. Ilall, " tradition i

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 199

41. Holywood as a chief seat of population on the Lough

    near Holywood · town · Down

    Holywood was identified as one of the chief seats of population on the shore of Belfast Lough, alongside Carrickfergus and Bangor. It was located about 6 miles up from Bangor.

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    with hedf^e-rows and cheqvered witb wood, roll backward in great variety of outline and in fine perspective on the side of Down; and the romantic cVitTri and bold high hills of the frontier line of the great array of northern basalt, tower up to a sky-line along the Antrim side, and rise behind Belfast to an altitude of 1,567 feet above seaUevel. The chief seats of population on the shore, additional to Belfast, arc Oarrickfergus, 4 miles vp irom Whitehead, — Bangor, 2 miles up from Salt-HiU Point, — and Hollywood, 6 miles up from Bangor.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 165

42. Hore Abbey founded 1272 by Archbishop MacCarville

    Hore Abbey · ecclesiastical site · Tipperary · 1272

    Hore Abbey stands 550 yards west of the Rock summit and was founded in 1272 by David MacCarville, Archbishop of Cashel, for Cistercians brought from Mellifont. Its ruins include a square tower, choir with stalls, and a nave with Gothic arcades.

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    Other Public Buillings.^ — Hore Abbey stands on the plain 550 yards west, in a straight line, from the summit of the Rock; and served to mark the northwest angle of the ancient limits of the borough. Its ruins are sufficient in both magnitude and character to produce an imposing effect. Its tower b square, spacious, and loftv, and measures about 20 fieet on each side within the walls ; its east window is small and plain ; in the walls of the choir are some remains of stalls ; the nave is 00 feet long and 23 broad, and exhibited in each side an arcade of Gothic arches, with lateral aisles about 13 feet broad; on the south side of the steeple is a small door leading into an open part about 30 feet long and 24 broad, — the side walls much broken, and the gable end pierced with a long window ; and on the north side of the steeple is a small division, with a low arched apartment, which appears, from some niches with apertures in the walls, to have been used as a confessional. This abbey was founded in 1272, by David MacCarville, Archbishop of Cashel, set apart for the use of a community of Cistertians brought from Mellifont in Louth, and endowed with the revenues of the Benedictines, whom the Archbishop expelled from ** the abbey of the Rock of Cashel, near the cathedral of St. Patrick." — A monastery, called Racket's Abbey, was founded by W. Hacket, in the reign of Henry III., for Conventual Franciscans ; and was situated at the rear of Friar-street. In Feb. 1757. its beautiful and lofty steeple fell to the ground ; and many years ago, the whole pile had become such a rubbishy tumulus of ruin, that its divisions could not without difTicultv be traced. Among its ruins many ancient pieces ot sculpture, containing curious inscriptions, have been discovered. — In 1*24.3, David MacKeliy, a Dominican, and Archl>i>hop of Cashel, founded, adjacent to the town, but not within the borough limits, a Dombiican friary, arul peopled it with a community firom the friary of Cork. This monastery is said, by Archdall, to hare hten " the noblest and most beautiful building belonging to the Dominican order in Ireland.** — About the year 1230, Sir David Le Latimer, seneschal to Marian, Archbishop of Cashel, found an hospital, with 14 beds and 3 chaplaincies, for the sick and iniirm poor ; Marian, the Archbishop, endowed it with two flagons of ale out of every brewing made for sale within the limits of 30 messuages in the town ; and MacCarville, the founder of the Cistertian abbey, ** did, by force and violence,** unite it to that abbey, or make a transference of til its property to the Cistertian monks. The mini of tb«

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 200

43. Horn Head House demesne

    near Horn Head · promontory · Donegal

    The demesne of Horn Head House, the property of W. Stewart, Esq., adjoins Dunfanaghy and has connected with it one of the largest rabbit-warrens in the kingdom.

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    Pop. of the rural di-tricts. in lail, 0.015 ;• in 1841, 0,144. Houses 1,053. The coast-line weiid« pwtly along the Atlantic, but chiefly ftlong Shebphavks [which see] ; and it contains the singular phenomenon of MacSwine*8 Gun, and the long dreary promontory of Horn-Head : see these articles. About one-third of the parochial surface consists of proGlable land; and the remainder is sandhill, rock, and heathy upland of little or no valae. The profitable land lies principally along the coast, and consists of a light sandy soil. The highest ground, the summit of Muckish mountain, is on the west border, and hai an altitude above sea -level of 2,190 feet. See Muckish. The greater part of the water area ii comprised in Loughs More, Sessiah, Port, Crees, Drumleck, Natooev, Agher, Nal>o]I, and Aginnire. The demesne of llom-Head Hou<«e, the property of W. Stewart, Esq., adjoins Dunfanaghy; and has connected with it one of the largest rabbit-warrens in the kingdom. Marble -Hill, the modem mansion of G. Barclay, Esq., stands about 1^ mile east of the town. Doe-Castle, the scat of the Hart family — a plain castellated structure, formerly a fortalice'as well as a mansion — stands on the shore of the extremity of Sheephaven; and Ardi, the beautiful seat of Alexander Stewart, Esq , — a handsome modem edifice, in the midst of an extei^ sive demesne which occupies a peninsula between oflfshoots of Sheephaven — stands a mile west of Doe- Castle. See Ards. One principal raad goes eastward, and another southward from Dunfanaghy

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 211

44. Hospital of St Bridget for lepers commemorated in place-names

    near Carrickfergus · town · Antrim

    A hospital of St Bridget for lepers adjoined the eastern suburb of Carrickfergus. Its site is commemorated in the name of Spital Parks, borne by the fields around it, and in Bride Well, a corruption of Bridget's Well, still borne by a spring east of the mountain-road to Larne.

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    English colonists of the name of Savage. At the dissolution, the monastery, along with its possessions, was granted to Sir Edwand Fitigerald ; soon afterwards, it was assigned by him to Sir Arthur Chichester ; and the latter gentleman, who was ancestor to the Marquis of Donegal, and several times Lord-deputy of Ireland, erected on its site the noble mansion or castle of Joyinount, so named in compliment to Charles, Lord Mountjoy. An hospital of St Bridget for lepers adjoined the eastern suburb, and is still commemorated in the name of Spital Parks, borne by the fields around its site, and in that of Bride Well, a corruption of Bridget's Well, still borne by a spring a little east of the mountainroad to Larne. — Additional to the ecclesiastical and monastic vestiges, noticed in our account of the parish as existing beyond the town, is the ' Rock of the Friars ' on the middle division of the borough commons, exhibiting some slender traces of circular buildings, which are supposed to have been cells.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 193

45. Howth peninsula and Ireland's Eye as remarkable coastal features

    Howth · townland · Dublin

    The long narrow peninsula of Howth and the islet called Ireland's Eye, lying just north of it, are identified as the most remarkable features of the coast in this part of Dublin. The eastern seaboard presents bold, broken, and romantic cliffs and rocky declivities to the ocean.

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    whole is rich in soil, beautiful in aspect. with population, and marvellously free from the poverty and dinginess which so generally charMterize the great majority of both the crowded ud the sequestered districts of Ireland. Five or ux rivulets, additioiuil to the Ballybough stream, nai eastward to the sea ; but in some instances tbcy an indigenous, and in all unimportant. The most remarkable features of the coast occur in the loog narrow peninsula of Howth, and in the islet a littk

    north of it called Ireland's Eye The followiqg

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 234

46. Hugh de Lacy's castle at Castletown, 1181

    Castletown · townland · Meath · 1181

    The castle referenced in the parish name of Castletown-Delvin was built in 1181 by Sir Hugh de Lacy, Lord of Meath, as part of the Norman consolidation of the colony in central Ireland.

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    CASTLETO WN-DELVIN, a parish, containing a village of the same name, in the centre of the barony of Delvin, co. Meath, Leinster. It consists of a main body and a detached district, the latter Iving a mile north of the western part of the former. Length of the main bodpr, east-south-eastward, 6^ miles ; breadth, from 1 mile to 3} miles. Area of the whole, 18,282 acres, 1 rood, 28 perches,— of which 79 acres, 2 roods, 25 perches, are water. Area of the detached districts, 2,135 acres, 5 perches. Pop. of the whole, in 1831, 4,485; in 1841. 4,588. Houses 768. The land is partly bog, and partly good tillage and pasture ground. The highest ground is in the north, and has an altitude of 350 feet. The road from Trim to Oranard traverses the interior northwestward, and that from MuUingar to Athboy northeastward. The castle alluded to in the name of the parish was built, in 1 181, by Sir Hugh de I.iacy, Lord of Meath. The vilbge is nearly surrounded by the plantations of Mitchelstown, the seat of George Havnes, Esq., and of Clonyn, the seat of the Marquis of Westmeath ; and to the north of Mitchelstown, is Rosmead, the handsome seat of H. W. Wood, Esq, The other seats are Ballyheal^, Clonmaskill, and Archerstown — the last situated m the detached district. The noble family of Nugent or De Nugent, aacient Lords of Delvin, now look to

    CAS

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 206

47. Hugo de Burgh murdered at Carrickfergus Castle 1333

    near Carrickfergus · town · Antrim · 1333

    In 1333, Hugo de Burgh, Earl of Ulster and governor of Carrickfergus Castle, was murdered by his own servants at the castle.

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    History.'] — The site of Carrickfergus-castle is said to have been a stronghold of the Dalriads, and to have obtained the name of Carraig-FeargMsa, or 'the rock of Feargus,' from a King of that name who was drowned in its vicinity. Old documents usually mention the place under some corruption of this name, or under the cognate designation of Knockfergus. John de Courcey having received from Henry II. a grant of all the land he might conquer in Ulster, marched from Dublin at the head of 70D followers, and built a Norman fortress — the stamen of the present castle — upon the rock as the most convenient position for achieving inroads and defying opposition. The De Lacy family became possessors of this fortress, as of all the otner strengths of De Courcey ; but they practised tyranny, were ejected. fled to France, were restored, became again obnoxious, and fled to Scotland to invite Edward, the brother of * the Bruce ' of Scotland, to invade their country and become their King. In 1315, Bruce, al the head of 6,000 men, besieged the castle, but encountered a stern resistance ; he returned next year and again besieged it, but was once more received with a warmth which threatened his own ruin; and though the garrison eventually surrendered to him, they are said to have previously consumed every morsel of provision within the castle walls, and even to bate fed on the carcases of thirty of Bruce's soldiers whom they had taken prisoners. In 1333, Hugo de Burgh, Earl of Ulster, the governor of the castle, was murdered by his own servants. About IS87» the town was entirely burnt by the Scotch. In 1390, an order to the justiciary, John de Stanley* describes the castle as in a miserable condition, and the circumjacent country as in a pitiable plights on account of the incursions of the Irish. In 1481, the mayor of Carrickfergus and others entered, by commission, into a league with the Scottish Lord of the Isles, who had usurped the sovereignty of the Hebrides from the Kings of Scotland; and during OMny succeeding years, a constant intercourse, sometimas amicable, sometimes hostile, and generally of a private character, or such as was not recognised by \hm

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 195

48. Human skeletons and musket-barrels found near Carnew Castle

    Carnew · town · Wicklow

    When ground near the walls of Carnew Castle was dug a few years before Ledwich wrote, several human skeletons were found close to musket-barrels with balls and a spur with a rowel as large as a crown-piece.

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    The town of Carnew stajids near the southern extremity of co. Wicklow, 9 miles west of Gorey, and 1*2 south-west by south of Aughrim. It is regular, neat, well-edificed,and respectably inhabited. Its castle, or strong embattled house, is said to have been built and occupied by the O'Tooles, — a powerful sept, whose principal hold was in the country of linail ; and what remains of it, consisting of a square enclosed by walls, with turrets on consoles at two of the angle<, is now fitted up and occupied as the rectory. Ledwich, in the book called Grose's Antiquities, says that, when the ground near the walls was dug a few years before he wrote, several human skeletons were found in close vicinity to musketbarrels with balls of the usual size, and to a spur with a rowel as large as a crown-piece. On the 3d of July, 1798, the town was the scene of a severe conflict between a party of the king's troops and a body of insurgents, in which the former were defiated. The burning of Tomacork, the seat of Mr. Sherwood, not far from the town, occurred in 1797, and was the first outrage perpetrated by the insurgents in the county. A Loan Fund in the town was established in 1836, and has been successfully conducted by the rector and Lord Fitzwilliams' agent ; in 1841, it had a capital of £3,971, circulated £!).44:3, in 2.244 loans, realized £236 2s. 2d. of nett profit, and expended £321 2s. 4d. on charitable purposes ; and, from its commencement till the cloae of that year, it circulated £77,019 in 19,558 loans, cleared £2,213 13^. 1 Id. of nett profit, and expended £1,074 14 s. for charitable purposes. A dispensary in the town is within the Shillelagh Poor-law union, and serves for a population of 10,141 ; and, in 1839- 40, it expended £122 5s. 4.|d., and administered to 1 ,985 patients. Fairs are held on the second Thursday of Feb., on April 1, May 15, July 1, and on the first Thursday of Aug. Area of the town, 57 acres. Pop., in lan, 826; in 1841, 979. Houses 144. Families employed chiefly in agriculture, 52; in manufactures and trade, 92; in other pursuits, 31. Families dependent chiefly on property and professions, 21 ; on the directing of labour, 94; on their own manual labour, 56 ; on means not specified, 4.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 191

49. Impatiente wrecked at Mizen Head with loss of crew

    near Mizen Head · promontory · Cork · 1796–1797

    During the 1796 French invasion attempt, the French ship Impatiente was wrecked on Mizen Head with the almost total loss of her crew, one of several French vessels lost along the Irish coast during the failed expedition.

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    The French invasion of 1796, alluded to in the first of our two extracts, was a national event of great moment, and is incorrectly detailed in most, not only of the journals of the period, but of subsequent historical compilations. The fleet *'for the invasion of Ireland," sailed on the 16th of December in two ilivisions from the port of Brest ; and consisted of 17 ships of the line, 13 frigates, 5 corvettes, 2 gun-boats, and 6 transports, aggregately carrying 13,975 men, 45,000 stand of arms, and an ample supply of money. One of the ships, a 74, struck on a rock when leaving the harbour ; another was, a few days afterwards, driven on shore ; and of 2,350 men whom the two carried, 1,530 perished. All the other ships of the fleet were more or less injured by disastrous occurrences in the passaq:e; and several of them, including the frigate Fratemite, which carried General Hoche and Admiral de Galles, the naval and military commanders of the expedition, parted company from the main body, soon after leaving the harbour of Brest, and never were able to rejoin it. On the 22<l, sixteen of the forty-three ships of the original fleet arrived in companv off the coast of Ireland, and anchored off Bere Island in Baiitry bay. The weather had, for several days, been stormier than it usually is even about the period of the winter solstice ; and when the wind lulled, a mass of fog rested so densely on the waters, that the numerous other ships of the fleet were vainly seeking one another along the ocean. Even the 16 ships in Bantry bay were dispensed, by a heavy gale, on the morning after their arrival ; so that when a comparative culm followed, only 7 sail-of-the-line and 1 frigate remained, carrying 4,168 men, and wanting both due command and a requisite amount of courage. This remnant of the originally great fleet, resolving to put out to sea, and to cruise oflfthe Shanjion in hope of being joined by the dissevered members of the armament, weighed anchor, and left the bay on the 27th ; but a part returned on the Ist of January, remained two or three days inactive, and then crept away to a crest-fallen return to France. Ship after ship of a large portion of the armament dropped dispiritedly into the French harbours ; the Fraternite itself, after making several narrow escapes from the English fleet, crept into Rochelle, on the 15th; but, m addition to the two which were wrecked on leaving Brest, the Impatiente was wrecked, with the almost total loss of her crew, on Mizen Head,— the Surveillante was abandoned by her crew in Bantry bay, and captured and scuttled by the British,— the Resolve was dismasted, and atterwards towed into Brest, — the Tartare was fought, captured, and taken into Cork Harbour by the Polyphemus — the Scsvola gun-boat foundered off the Irish coast, — the Ville d'Orient transport, with 400 hussars on board, was captured and carried into Kirisale, by the Unicorn, — and the Justine tran-^port probably foundered at sea. Bantry and Ireland at large were thus freed from the invaders chvetly by the direct interposition of Divine Providence. Not a Frenchman landed except an ofllicer and seven men, who went on shore to reconnoitre, and were made prisoners. The storm which dispersed and paralyied the fleet is not only remembered in the vicinity of Bantry bay, but used as an epoch for a-soisting memory.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 164

50. Improved lands near Bailieborough and Virginia

    Bailieborough · town · Cavan

    Lands near Bailieborough and Virginia were noted as exceptions to the generally poor agriculture of County Cavan, displaying luxuriance of produce and results of nascent georgical improvement.

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    them to do this, as they are compelled to have some land to protect them from absolute starvation. The produce of fair arable land is, — of wheat, 79 barrels of 20 stones ; oats 8 to 10 barrels ; potatoes, 40 barrels of 48 stones : the prices about the same as in Fermanagh. The land is mostly cultivated with the spade ; a man with 16 acres did not plough any of it, having 10 or 12 acres in crop. The plough, when used, is frequently a rude instrument made by the fiirmer himself. Burning the land is partially practised, but is discouraged. • • • • The cattle generally kept by farmers are of the Irish breed, which they think best adapted to the country. About Kilmore, a number of Devons are seen in the bishop's grounds, which have also been introduced a little into the neighbourhood ; a few of the Lanarkshire Long-boms may be seen. Very few sheep are kept ; the farmers say their land is too wet for them, and their fences are bad ; but they would be very profitable in many places in the barony where not kept at all. The neglected state of these baronies is much to be regretted, having such ample natural means by fall for drainage, stone-lime, marl, and bog ; and a soil, if drained, capable of bearing good wheat, barley, clover, turnips, and other green crops." This gloomy and revolting description does not, of course, apply to every part of the county, or even to every part of the baronies of Loughtee ; nor must it be understood as asserting that no landlords encourage agriculture, or that the few who form honourable exceptions to the general rule have made spiritless or unimportant exertions ; vet, with all its sableness of colouring, it altogether fails to exhibit the barbarous and appalling condition of the upland and mere sequestered districts of the county, — regions where scarcely a crop is attempted except potatoes and a kind of black oats, — where no better an instrument of tillage is generally in use than a narrow-bladed spade, called a slog, — where the almost total absence oif roads compels the prevailing use of the slide car, — and where the miserable tenantry exist in penary, degradation, abasement, and ignorance, probably quite as ^at as the serfs of many a district in the worst regions of fevdaliied Europe during the middle ages. Yet many patches, and even belts, and expanses of the county disalay a vigour of soil, a luxiu nance of produce, a pronision of artificial embellish* ment, ano even results of nascent and enterprising georgica! improvement, which might almost cheat a stranger into the opinion that the whole county is prosperous. The grounds of Lord Famham, near KJlleshandra and Cavan, those of Mr. Coote around the lakes and along the stream of the Cootehill rivulet, and various lands near Railieborough, around Virginia, and in other localities, must very markedly be excepted from the denunciation which sound principles of economy fulminate against the great majority of the estates of the county ; and bad» even to barbarousness, though many of the prevailiag practices be, they are those of a people who must be aggregately pronounced industrious and improving, and who may almost certainly be expected to rise soon from their sloth, and learn with eagerness the lessons of amelioration which are so abundantly taeght them by the example of multitudes of their fellow-aubjects.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 206

51. Inauguration site of the Macguires on Quilca hill

    Cuilcagh · townland · Cavan

    A spot on the hill of Quilca near Swanlinbar was formerly used as the place of inauguration for the Macguires, the toparchs of Fermanagh. The site continues to be regarded with superstitious feeling by the local peasantry.

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    Antiquitiet.'] — Raths, tumuli, monastic ruins, and old towers and castles, are comparatively numerous, 'and constitute nearly the whole of the local antiquities ; and, though they may in some instances possess interest for the plodding and visionary antiquary, they rarely and scantily connect themselves so nr with either history or the arts as to present any attraction to the general student A spot on the hill of Quilca, near Swanlinbar, was formerly the place of inauguration for the Macguires, toparcfas of Fermanagh ; and is still regarded with serfish and superstitious feeling by the neighbouring peasantry.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 206

52. Inglis describes Cappoquin and the mountain road

    Cappoquin · town · Waterford

    Traveller Mr. Inglis observed Cappoquin as a clean little village at the turn of the river, consisting of one street degenerating into cabins at its upper end. Beyond the town, the road climbs a deep wooded dell and rises into moor and bog land stretching over neighbouring mountains, leading toward a Trappist establishment four miles distant.

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    situated on a high natural terrace above the town ; and commands brilliant and prolonged prospects of the vale of the Blackwater both to the west and to the south. In the vicinity of the tovvn is a commodious barrack. A church in the town lifts a very pretty spire from among a cluster of cabins ; has an average attendance of fro^ 50 to 60 ; and is variously regarded as a separate parish-church, and as achapefof-ease to Lispiore. The population-books of 1831 treat Cappoquin as a parish ; while ecclesiastical documents include ivot only the territory around the town, but the town itself, in the parish of Lismora. The Roman Catholic chapel has an attendance of 3.000, is served by 3 ofBciates, and is the only chapel in the parish of Cappoquin as defined in the Roman Catholic parochial arrangement. A dispensary in the town is within the Lismore Poor-law union, and serves for a population of 14,155 ; and, in ia39, it received £164 8s. 8d., expended £112 lOs., and administered to 1,752 patients. Fairs are held on March 17, May 31, July 5, Sept. ?0, and Oct. 14. The Blackwater is navigable to Cappoquin for barges. This town is decidedly more neat and cleanly than the majority of Irish towns of its size. Mr. Inglis, noticing it on his way to the Trappist establishment, 4 miles distant, on the mountain road to Clogheen, says, ** Cappoquin, prettilv situated, iust at the turn of the river, is rather a cljcan little village, consisting of one street, which at the upper end degenerates into a suburb of cabins. Beyond this, the road climbs up the side of a deep wooded dell, and gradually rises till it leaves cultivation behind, and enters upon the moor and bog land which stretches overall the neighbouring mountains." Pop. of Cappoquin, regarded as a parish, in 1831, 6,131. Area ot the town, 42 acres. Pop.,in 1831,2,289; in 1641,2,341. Houses 316. Families employed chiefly in agriculture, 166; in manufactures and trade, 194 ; m other pursuits, 1 12. Families dependent chiefly on property and professions, 16; on the directing of labour, 219; on their pwn maniud labour, 206; on meaps not specified, 31.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 183

53. Inniscarra church on a bend of the River Lee

    Inishcarra · parish · Cork

    The Bride rivulet of Muskerry runs to the Lee, opposite whose junction stands the parish-church of Inniscarra on a bend of the river. The church's spire rises gracefully from a clump of trees.

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    BRIDE (The), a rivulet of the south of Muskerry, co. Cork. Munster. It rises on the north-east side of the Clara Hills, and runs 1 1 miles east-northeastward to the Lee, 4 miles west of Cork. Opposite its junction with the Lee, and beautifully situated on a bend of that river, stands the parish-church of Inniscarra, gracefully lifting its spire from the midst of a clump of trees. See Inniscarra. The principal seat of population on the stream is BallincoUig.

    BRIDECHURCH, a parish in the barony of Clane, 2 miles north-west by north of Naas, co. Kildare, Leinster. Length, 2} miles; breadth, 2; area, 2,217 acres, 24 perches, — of which 21 acres, 3 roods, are in the river Liffey. Pop., in 1831, 376 ; in 1841, 335. Houses 57- The surface consists, for the most part, of tolerably good land ; lies along the west side of the Liffey ; and is traversed by the Grand Canal. The demesne of Landenstown occupies the northwest corner This parish is a rectory, and part of

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 181

54. Intricate caves in Cloyne parish

    Cloyne · town · Cork

    The parish of Cloyne contains a series of intricate, ramified, and very extensive caves that have long attracted notice. Despite their occasional beauty, these caves seem never to have been thoroughly explored.

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    CLOYNE, a parish in the barony of Imokilly, co. Cork, Munster. It contains the town of Cloyne, and the village of Ballycotton: see these articles. Length, west-north-westward, 4| miles ; extreme breadth, 3| ; area, 9,969 acres. Pop., in 1831, 6,410; in 1841, 6,7*26. Houses 1,070. Pop. of the rural districts, in 1831, 3,327; in 1841, 4,077. Houses 645. The surface extends from the Atlantic, on the south side of Ballyootton bay, we^t-north-westward, to nearly the opposite boundary of the barony; and is drained partly to Ballycotton bay, and partly to Cork Har. bour. The surface is to a considerable extent tumulated or somewhat boldly varied ; yet largely consists of a rich wheat-bearing portion of the great vale of Imokilly. A series of caves has long attracted notice, and is intricate, ramified, very extensive, and occasionally beautiful, yet seems never to have been thoroughly explored. A brief notice of the principal is given in our article Carrioacrump [which seel, and comparatively full notices may be seen in Croker*8 Researches, Brewer's Ireland, Windele's Cork, a Letter from Bishop Bennett to Dr. Parr, Smith's Cork,

    and most works of tourists in the district This

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 221

55. Irish bards' assemblies at Bruree

    Bruree · town · Limerick · 1746

    The Irish bards held their half-yearly assemblies at Bruree village in County Limerick. According to O'Halloran, these gatherings were discontinued as late as 1746. The parish church was built in 1812 by means of a gift from the late Board of First Fruits.

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    BRUREE, a parish, partly in the baron j of Oothma, but chiefly in that of Upper Connello, eo. Limerick, Munster. The Connello section contains the villages of Bruree and Rockhill. Length, 3^ miles ; breadth, 2). Area of the Coshma section, 2,210 acres; of the Connello section, 6,685. Pop. of the whole, in 1831, 4,364 ; in 1841, 3,804. Houses 672. Pop. of the Coshma section, in 1831, 638; in 1841. 566. Houses 76. Pop. of the rur.l districU of the Connello section, in 184! . 2.216. Houses 306. The Coshma section, consisting of 10 townlands, wuM formerly in Small County, but was transferred to Coshma by authority of the act 6 and 7 William IV. The parochial surface is drained northward by the Maig; and consists in general of excellent land. Near the village, though not all in the parish, are the mansions of Rockfield, Ballyteigue, Cooleen, and Hardingrove. The village of Bruree is situated 3^ miles north-west of Kilmallock. Area, 19 acres. Pop, in 1831, 451; in 1841, 703. Houses 132. The Irish bards held here their half-yearly assemblies; and, according to O'Halloran, discontinued them so late as 1746. A dispensary in the vilUge is within the Kilmallock Poor-law union, and serves for a population of 7*050 ; and, in 1839-40, it received £143 19.S., expended £187 2s. 84d., and made 2,926 dispensations of medicine. Fairs are held on May

    9, June 25, Sept. 14, and Nov. 25 Bruree parish

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 181

56. Iron mining and mineral springs at Swanlinbar

    Swanlinbar · town · Cavan

    Iron is mined among the uplands in the vicinity of Swanlinbar, and mineral springs are numerous around Swanlinbar and Kingscourt. Lead and copper occur near Cootehill, and lead and silver ores have been discovered near Ballyconnell.

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    Minerals.'] — Granite occupies a space of about 6 or 6 square miles immediately north-west of Ballynenagh. Clayslate, greywacke, greywacke slate, and other modifications of hard schistose rock of the Wemerian primitive and transition classes, occupy by iu the greater part of the county,-yincluding, except a mere nodule of other formation, east of the meridian of the town of Cavan, all east of the small field of granite, all south of the latitude of Arvagh and Ballynenagh, and all northward between Arvagh and Killeshandra ; but these rocks are supposed to be very generally incumbent, at no great depth, upon granite,— or, at all events, exhibit a distorted, tilted, and broken appearance, which has been thought to indicate that the granite of the small district north-westof Ballynenagh is continued, not far from the surface, to a communication acrou Cavan, Monaghan, and Armagh, with the great granitic district around Newry. A formation of millstone grit, white sandstone, shale, and thin strata of limestone and coal, occupies the greater part of the north-western projection of the countv, from the extreme west to a line 12 miles eastward ; and it also occupies a space of 9 or 10 square miles on the northern border between Swanlinbar and BallyconneL Mountain or carboniferous limestone, with its accompanying strata, occupies about 11 square miles in the extreme north-west, or inward from the shores of the Loughs Macnean, — the greater part of the country eastward from the quartsrock district to the meridian of Cavan. or a district of about 240 statute square miles, — and a belt of about 9 statute miles in length, and probably about 1 mile in mean breadth, on the southern border around and near Lough Swillin. An isolated nodule or nest, of the coal formation, occurs on the extreme western boundary, and there constitutes the eastern edge of the Lough Allen coalfield ; and another tiny pat<:h of the coal formation, a minute wing of the small carboniferous field of the counties of Monaghan and Meath, occurs on the eastern border, in the vicinity of Kingscourt. A vein of good blind coal is believed to exist at Ballyjamesduff ; and a vein of strong excellent blind coal occurs in the neighbourhood of Shircock. Coal is worked on the extreme western boundary ; iron is mined among the uplands in the vicinity of Swanlinbar ; lead and copper occur in the neighbourhood of Cootehill ; lead and silver ores have been discovered near Bally* connel ; and ochres and coarse manganese are comparatively abundant, and somewhat extensively di& fused. The limestone of the count]r appears to be but limitedly available for economical purpoaeiL Excellent marl, potter's clay, brick clay, and fuller's earth, are plentiful. Mineral springs, particularly around Swanlinbar and Kingscourt, are numeRHM. A pool, on the eastern border, fed bv a mineral spring on the summit of an adjacent hill, and called bv the Irish Lough-an-Leighah, has a remarkable character. This pool measures about half a iqnvf rood in area, has no outlet, never freezes, prMervet an uniform level, is pure and clear through about «x feet from the surface, becomes muddy and increasingly thick as its depth increases, and teimlnBlet at

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 206

57. Islands of Cashel Parish in Lough Ree with ruins

    Inchcleraun · townland · Longford

    Cashel parish in County Longford includes several islands in Lough Ree, such as Inchcleraun and Saints' Island. Some of these islands contain interesting antiquities and ruins.

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    CASHEL, a parish on the western border of the barony of Ratbcline, 4^ miles south of Lanesborough, CO. Longford, Leinster. Length, southward, 5^ miles; breadth, 4| ; area, 22,150 acres, 2 roods, 20 perches,— of which 6,290 acres, 3 roods, 23 perches, are in Lough Ree, and 147 acres, 34 perches, are in small bikes. Pop., in 1831, 5.087; in l&ll, 5,559. Houses 929. The surfice extends between an expanse of morass on the east, and Lough Ree on the west ; it includes a portion of the morass, and partakes all the luxuriousness of the immediate margin of the bike, yet consists, for the greater part, of a light and second-rate description of arable land. The principal small lakes are Shawn and Derrymacar in the interior, and Derry on the eastern boundary, and Ijring, as to surfiuie-elevation, 127 feet above ses-leveL The islands belonging to Cashel in Lough Ree are Chorinch, Muckinisb, Priests'- Island, Inchcleraun, Saints'. Island, and the group called the Black Islands, and consisting prinapally of Horse, Sand, King's, Lon^, and Nut Islands. Some of these islands contain interesting ruins, and will be separately noticed in their alphabetical place. The mansions are Castle-lodge and Newpark-bouse, — the latter tbe seat of Mr. Davis. The principal hamlets are Caltragb, New- Row, Newtown, Ckrrowbeg, Luggaun, Upper Drunmee, and Derrynamehaun. The roads from Lanesborough to Ballyroahon and Athlone pass through the interior. — This parish is a vicarage, and a separate benefice, in the dio. of Ardagh. Vicarial tithe composition, £221 10s. 9d. ; glebe, ^£34. Gross income, £255 10a. 9d. ; nett, £227 10s. 2d. Patron, the diocesan. The rectorial tithes are compounded for £443 Is. 6d. ; and they are impropriate, and are leased to Messrs. R. and R. C. Armstrong. The church was built in 1816, by means of a gift of £738 9s. 2fd. from the late Board of Vvn% Fruits, attingi 100; a-

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    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 196

58. Jackson Hall and vanished earthwork on the Bann

    near Coleraine · town · Derry

    Jackson Hall, the residence of Mrs. Maxwell, stands about a furlong below the suburb of Killowen and contributes a well-wooded demesne to the landscape. An ancient earthenwork formerly occupied the spot where the terraces of Jackson Hall now stand.

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    Enoirons.'] — The word 'environs* brings into one group several objects of interest which lie dispersedly in both parishes, and even beyond their limits. Jackson. Hall, the residence of Mrs. Maxwell, stands about a furlong below the suburb of Killowen ; and, though itself an old-fashioned edifice, contributes a well-wooded demesne to the landscape of the town and river. Millford, the seat of S. C. Bruce, Esq., the glebe-houses of Coleraine and Killowen, and several villas, lodges, and neat farm -houses, all adjoin the town, or stand within a short distance of it, and form features of beauty in its valley. The Bann, about a mile above the town, falls over a ledge of rocks 13 feet in height, forming a very broad and a somewhat picturesque cataract, called the Salmon Leap. A factory belonging to the Hon. Irish Society stands at one end of the cataract; and a pleasant walk leads to it from the town up the banks of the river. At Mount- Sandell, a mile south of the town, is a fine ancient earthen work or Daniidi mound, one of the largest in the kingdom, boldly overhanging the river, and partly covered with wood. Another ancient earthen work occupied a spot where the terraces of Jackson-Hall now stand; and a third occurs on the river side, opposite the Cranagh. Faint vestiges exist of a very ancient ecclesiastical pile at Camus, originally Cambos, on the Baiui, S miles below the town; yet they are to l>e traced chiefly in the monumental remains of the font, of a curious, defaced, sculptured pillar, and of an old cemetery. A blind passion for monastic antiquity in every ecclesiastical monument, of course asserts the pile to have been an abbey ; and it even condescends, in the far-sightedness of its penetration, to inform us that the abbey was a celebrated oue, and that it owed its origin to St. Congal, who flourished in the latter part of the 6tb century. Not a tiew interesting features of the great basaltic field of ADtrim aud

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    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 226

59. James II grants new charter to Belfast, becomes unpopular

    near Belfast · city · Antrim · 1688

    In 1688, James II granted Belfast a new charter increasing burgesses to 95 but abridging corporation privileges and vesting removal powers in the chief governor and privy council. This reconstruction made James very unpopular and was considered one of his infatuated acts.

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    that, * as a body, the Presbyterians, suffered less by the ravages of the rebellion, than perhaps any other class of men, and the reason was, that the greater number of their clergy and gentry had before re* turned to Scotland to aroid tli^ tyranny of Stafford.' But it is certain that the Presbyterians of Belfiut, after seeing their town successively occupied by tbe royalists, uie parliamentarians, and the rebels, rorgot their theological feuds with Uie Churdi of Ireland* in the dreftd of civU extinction, and during the subsequent wars were well- affected to the Royal cause, and to that of the Established church. The Prea* bytery of Bel&st, at the murder of Charles L, exhibited themselves in a manner truly honourable ; and, in 1649, they put forth 'a representation' ol the ' present evils and imminent danger to religion* laws, and liberties, arising from the late and present practices of the sectarian party in England.' In this document they raised their * testimony,' and expressed their indignation and disgust, m no measured terms, against the atrocities and oondnet o^ their former associates in their warfiire with the Church ^ Ireland. This sudden and unexpected procedure, on the part of the Belfast PresbyteriaiMy excited against them the vengeance of the (foet Bfilton, who replied to their * representation ' with great bitterness, designating them these 'blockish Presbyters of Clandeboye,' * these unhallowed prieatlings ' of the * unchristian synagogue ' at Belfitft, and similar charitable compliments levelled against them in the true republican and sectarian spirit of tbe times. But Uie dtixens of Belfiist were held in such respect by all parties, that though the town, after a siege of four days, surrendered to Colonel Venablea for Cromwell in 1649, having changed masters four times in the course of six years, no injury was sustained by the mercantile body beyond the negative one of the prosperity of the place being for a time retarded. During Cromwell's domination, after the Restoration, and up to the Revolution, a period of fifty years, the town was taken and occupiisd by all the parties who desolated Ireland during thai entire period, and was little plundered by either. In 1688, a new charter was granted to the town by James IL, increasing the number of burgesses to 95^ and considerably abridging the privileges of the corporation,— the chief power of removing a sovereign* a burgess, or other officer, being vested in tiie chief governor ami privy council at pleasure. This reconstruction of the corporation made James very unpopular, and was one of his many infatuated acta. When the Revolution broke out, the inhabitants hailed the arrival of the Prince of Orange with enthusiasm, and exulted at his accession to the Crown as William IIL The appearance of the Duke of Schomberg in the town in 1090, was ao additional cause of satisfiiction. On the 9th of June that year* William landed in person at Carrickteigus, and proceeded immediately to Belfiut, where he was received with the most ardent demonstrations of joy* and remained in the town nearly a week. A load writer mentions, that the king lodged in the house of Sir William Franklin, the site <n which is now occupied by the Donegal Arms, the principal hotel in the town. To reward the loyalty of the Presbyterian ministers, William granted them the sum of £1,200 a-year." The subsequent historical events of any interest, either belong more properly to Omtrickfergus, or were so diffusive as to be fitly noticed either in our article on Ulster, or in the general introductory one to our whole work.

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 177

60. John de Courcey builds Norman fortress at Carrickfergus

    near Carrickfergus · town · Antrim

    John de Courcey, having received from Henry II a grant of all land he might conquer in Ulster, marched from Dublin with 700 followers and built a Norman fortress—the nucleus of the present castle—upon the rock at Carrickfergus as a position for achieving inroads and defying opposition.

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    History.'] — The site of Carrickfergus-castle is said to have been a stronghold of the Dalriads, and to have obtained the name of Carraig-FeargMsa, or 'the rock of Feargus,' from a King of that name who was drowned in its vicinity. Old documents usually mention the place under some corruption of this name, or under the cognate designation of Knockfergus. John de Courcey having received from Henry II. a grant of all the land he might conquer in Ulster, marched from Dublin at the head of 70D followers, and built a Norman fortress — the stamen of the present castle — upon the rock as the most convenient position for achieving inroads and defying opposition. The De Lacy family became possessors of this fortress, as of all the otner strengths of De Courcey ; but they practised tyranny, were ejected. fled to France, were restored, became again obnoxious, and fled to Scotland to invite Edward, the brother of * the Bruce ' of Scotland, to invade their country and become their King. In 1315, Bruce, al the head of 6,000 men, besieged the castle, but encountered a stern resistance ; he returned next year and again besieged it, but was once more received with a warmth which threatened his own ruin; and though the garrison eventually surrendered to him, they are said to have previously consumed every morsel of provision within the castle walls, and even to bate fed on the carcases of thirty of Bruce's soldiers whom they had taken prisoners. In 1333, Hugo de Burgh, Earl of Ulster, the governor of the castle, was murdered by his own servants. About IS87» the town was entirely burnt by the Scotch. In 1390, an order to the justiciary, John de Stanley* describes the castle as in a miserable condition, and the circumjacent country as in a pitiable plights on account of the incursions of the Irish. In 1481, the mayor of Carrickfergus and others entered, by commission, into a league with the Scottish Lord of the Isles, who had usurped the sovereignty of the Hebrides from the Kings of Scotland; and during OMny succeeding years, a constant intercourse, sometimas amicable, sometimes hostile, and generally of a private character, or such as was not recognised by \hm

    Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 195