Name: The Parliamentary gazetteer of Ireland
Author: Anonymous

Joyce Country: flat-topped hills and deep glens

Joyce Country is characterised as a territory of flat-topped hills and mountains ranging from 1,000 to 2,000 feet above sea level, yet so freely intersected with glens and narrow valleys that it does not present the character of mountain-masses resting on a common lofty basis.

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nentml Scotland north of the Caledonian Canal, or west of the frontier range of the Grampians, or a« the central tableau of Wales or the region distinctively known as Snowdonia, or as the broad belt oi uplands on the mutual border of Kerry on the one side, and Cork and Limerick on the other, or even as the greater portion of the far .famed but extensively desolate county of Wicklow. Cunnemara Proper is certainly magnificently and sternly upland in the region of BinalK)la or the Twelve Pins; yet, over three-fourths of its extent, it lies lower than 100 feet above sea-level. lar-Connaught rises from the shore of Galway bay in a gently ascending plain, to the height of about 300 feet; shoots up there in some hills of about 700 feet in altitude ; and then sinks down into a low limestone country, but little elevated above the level of Lough Corrib, \vhos« surface lies only 14 feet higher than that of the sea. Joyce-Country is a territory of flat-topped hills and mountains of from l,*)00 to 2,000 feet above sealevel ; yet so freely intersected with glens or deep and narrow valleys, as not to present the character of mountain-masses resting on a common lofty l>asis. — The climate is so mild, and the varied surface and northern hill-screens afford such shelter, that snow is little known, and cattle are never hou^d ; yet the summers are wet, and heavy westerly winds prevail. — The interior of the country is so deeply and ramifiedly penetrated by various great inlets of the sea, and by the main boily and the western arm of Lough Corrib, that no part of it is distant four miles from existing navigation ; and it is so profusely interspersed with chains and clusters of deep fresh-water lakes, that it might, at a comparatively small expense, be minutely traced with navigation in almost the profusion of a kind of great water-network. On V«ough Corrib, it has about 50 miles of shore ; on the sea, including the coast of mainland and of islands, it has not less than 400 miles of shore ; in the interior it has about 25 navigable lakes of each a mile or upwards in length, besides hundreds of smaller lakes ; and, on the sea-board, it has upwards of 20 safe and capacious harbours, tit for vessels of any burden. " There are perhaps/* says Mr. Nimmo, **as many miles of shore of the sea or navi^rable lakes as there are square miles of surface." — Extensive banks ot calcareous sand occur in almost every bay of the coast ; and beds of limestone occur on the iMiiiks ot nearly all the navigable lakes, and in numerous other parts of the interior. The supply of turf fuel is so universal and abundant as to furnish a large article of commerce, and may be reprded as, in the accommodated sense of the word, inexhaustible. Though the country is so destitute of wood that only a few scrubby patches, and a very limited amount ot recent plantation, relieve its prevailing nakedness, it possesses an extensive stool of timber, and exhibits, on almost every dry knoll or cliff, such sheets of nsin^ oaks, birches, and hazels, as only require a little care in order to be nursed into valuable forests; and the sheltered vales, the navigations, and the abundant water-power, would form great advantages in the cultivation oif timber.

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 235

Joymount castle built on monastery site by Sir Arthur Chichester

near Carrickfergus · town · Antrim

After the dissolution, the Franciscan monastery at Carrickfergus was granted to Sir Edward Fitzgerald, who assigned it to Sir Arthur Chichester. Chichester erected on its site the noble mansion or castle of Joymount, named in compliment to Charles, Lord Mountjoy.

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English colonists of the name of Savage. At the dissolution, the monastery, along with its possessions, was granted to Sir Edwand Fitigerald ; soon afterwards, it was assigned by him to Sir Arthur Chichester ; and the latter gentleman, who was ancestor to the Marquis of Donegal, and several times Lord-deputy of Ireland, erected on its site the noble mansion or castle of Joyinount, so named in compliment to Charles, Lord Mountjoy. An hospital of St Bridget for lepers adjoined the eastern suburb, and is still commemorated in the name of Spital Parks, borne by the fields around its site, and in that of Bride Well, a corruption of Bridget's Well, still borne by a spring a little east of the mountainroad to Larne. — Additional to the ecclesiastical and monastic vestiges, noticed in our account of the parish as existing beyond the town, is the ' Rock of the Friars ' on the middle division of the borough commons, exhibiting some slender traces of circular buildings, which are supposed to have been cells.

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 193

Kavanagh chief's rebellion and predatory warfare, 1590-1601

Carlow · townland · Carlow · 1590–1601

A chief of the Kavanaghs, entrusted with the seneschalship of the county around 1580, renounced allegiance and asserted sovereignty over all territory ruled by Dermod MacMurrough. From 1590 till 1601 he conducted predatory warfare, scoured the country to the fastnesses of Wicklow, and was eventually reduced to submission by Sir Oliver Lambert.

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The Kavanaghs and other native chiefs paid little regard to the political arrangements of the English ; and seem to have early reacquired their consequence within the county, and to have obtained ascendeiicy over it, and long retained it with the town and castle in their possession. In 1494, the Fitzgeraldf seised the castle, and they held it till after the unsuccessful rebellion of Lord Thomas FiUgerald. In 1537, the Crown resumed possession of the lordship, and afterwards granted large estates in the county to the family of Butler. In 1567, Sir Peter Carew, the descendant of the former proprietors of Idrone, reacquired possession of the barony ; and he is celebrated for at once overawing and conciliating the Kavanaghs, inducing them to yield him uncontested authority, and exerting a benign influence on the social condition of the community. About 1580, a chief of the Kavanaghs was intrusted with both the seneschalship of the county, and the management of the Carew barony of Idrone; and he so abased the confidence reposed in him as to renounce allegiance, as>ert a right of sovereignty over all the territory which hail been ruled by Deroood MacMurrough, and levy forces for vindicating and establishing his claim. From 1590 till IGOl he remained constantly in arms, conducted a scourging system of predatory warfare, scoured the country as far as to the fastnesses of Wick low, and usually had 1,000 men or upwards of his own name under his command; and he was eventually reduced to submission by Sir Oliver Lambert. During the rebellion of I79B, tiie county was the theatre of several actions; and sus-
tained—4:hiefly at Carlow, Bagnalstown, Leighlin- Bridge, and Borris — an amount of damage, for which the sum of £24,854 of compensation was claimed.

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 188

Kavanaghs of Borris and MacMorough lineage

Borris · town · Carlow

The Kavanaghs of the Borris demesne were proprietors of the greater part of the surrounding district and senior representatives of Donald Kavanagh, natural son of Dermod MacMorough, last king of Leinster. Sir Morgan Kavanagh of Borris succeeded to the family domain after Donald Spaniagh's death.

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the eastks of Hatfield and Burleigh. It likewise carefully blends convenience with ornament; and displays the genius of the Messrs. Morrison, after whose designs it was altered, quite as forcibly in the interior as in the exterior. The extensive demesne around it abounds with inequalities, is richly wooded, borrows embellishment from the meanderings of the Borris rivulet, and commands, from varioas parts, sublime views of the Blackstairs mountains. In 1642, the castle was garrisoned by the parliamentarians, and sustained a siege from the Irish ; and, in 1796, it was placed in a state of defence, and successfully withstood a tumultuous attack and a formal siege by the insurgents. The Kavanaghs of this demesne, are the proprietors of the greater part of the surrounding district, and the senior representalives of Donald Kavanagh, natural son of Dermod MacMorough, last king of Leinster. In 1550, Cahir Mac Art MacMorough Kavanagh of Polmonty, surrendered part of his estates, and publicly renounced the title of MacMorough as borne by his ancestors ; and, 4 years afterwards, he was created Baron of Ballygan in the Irish peerage. In 1595, Donald- Spaniagh, a turbulent personage of the sept, ravaged the entire country from Wicklow to Dublin ; and, in 1631 or 1632, after a life of daring aggressions, died at his castle of Clonmolin, and was succeeded in the family domain by his son. Sir Morgan Kavanagh of Borris.
BORRISCARRA. See BtraniscARRA.

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 181

Killballyown seat and Knockaney hill, Bruff

Bruff · town · Limerick

In Bruff parish, co. Limerick, one of the most conspicuous mansions is Killballyown, the seat of D'Courcy O'Grady, Esq., adjoining the prominent and fertile hill of Knockaney. The surface is drained by the Morning-Star rivulet and consists chiefly of land of the best quality.

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BRI FF, a parish, containing a town of the same name, in the barony of Coshma, co. Limerick, Munster. licngth, 2 miles; breadth, 1^; area, 1,331 acres. Pop., in 1831, 2,932; in 1841,2,900. Houses 47**. The surface is drained by the Morning-Star rivulet ; and consists partly of third and second-rate land, but chiefly of land of the best quality. One of the most conspicuous mansions is Killballyown, the seat of D'Courcy O'Grady, Esq., adjoining the prominent and fertile hill of Knockaney. — Brufftown is a sad segregation of poor and even squalid bouses, on the Morning-Star rivulet, and on the road from Charleville to Limerick, 4 miles north of Kilmallock, and 1 2 south by east of Limerick. Its church is neat, and its Roman Catholic chapel capacious. Here are the ruins of an old castle, mentioned in the Pacata Hibernia. Fairs are held on the day before Ascension, July 23, Oct. 18, and Nov. 28. A dispensary in the town is within the Kilmallock Poor-law union, and serves for a population of 9,506; and, in 1839-40, it received £121 8s . expended £129 IOj. 9.^(1, and administered to 2,()21 patients. Area of the town, 00 acres. Pop., in 1831. 1,772; in 1841,
1 ,398. Houses 228 Bruff parish is a vicarape, and

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 181

Killfenora turlough's remarkable grazing productivity

Kilfenora · town · Clare

A turlough of 48 acres near Kilfenora demonstrated remarkable grazing productivity in one year, depasturing 17 horses and swine and fattening 42 large oxen and 44 sheep. The following year it raised 16 or 17 horses and 100 two-year-old bullocks into fine condition.

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So exceedingly fertile are the blue or meadow corcasses, that 500 acres near Bunratty-castle, usu« ally let, so long as 35 years ago, at 7^ guineas per acre, and, though generally mowed in the middle ot July, sometimes produced 8 tons of hay per acre, and generally were so fruitful that 6^ tons were reckoned an ordinary crop. They are peculiarly adapted to the fattening of black cattle; and, at the time at Arthur Young's visit, they annually fattened about 4,000. Their average rental, about 65 years ago, was 20s. ; but 30 years later, it had risen to £5 for grazing grounds, and considerably more for meadow. Yet even after they became so singularly apprecU ated, they continued to experience a shameful neglect of culture, and exhibited, amongst the most luxuriant herbage, a great quantity of rushes and other pernicious weeds. — The bottoms or beds of the tur« loughs, produce luxuriant vegetation at the subsetsion of the lacustrine waters in spring, and constitute, thence till autumn, very rich grazing land. In one year, a turlough of 48 acres in area, near KiU fenora, depastured 17 horses and a number of a wine,
•104

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 207

Kilmore episcopal demesne near Cavan

Kilmore · townland · Cavan

The episcopal demesne of Kilmore, located two and a half miles south-west of Cavan town, is richly cultivated and embellished. It enhances the scenic beauty of the neighbouring area.

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Environs.'^ — The environs of Cavan are nearly all undulated with swell, tumulus, and hill, very various in outline, generally verdant in dress, and decidedly picturesque in character and grouping. The demesnes of Farnham and Kilmore, the one noble and the other episcopal, and situated respectively 1 1 mile west, and 2^ south-west of the town, abound in the beauties of cultivation and embellbhment, and communicate an air of joyousness to all the country in their vicinity. See Farnham and Kilmore. But, with the exception of these grounds, and of some other and inconsiderable portions of land, all the beautiful country around the town, is so grievously maltreated by a barbarous system of agricultural economy, as to have both its pleasantness marred, and its vigour seriously neutralized. Small enclosures mince it down into the merest pendicles, in a manner destructive alike to ornamental appearance and to profitable culture ; the little green hills are Bubsectioned and cut to pieces, till the enclosures athwart their surface resemble an ill-contrived network; and the wretched ditches are carried along hollows, across descents, and in all other absurd directions fitted to counteract, rather than effect, the drainage of the spongy soil and very retentive subsoil which prevail.

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 206

King Engus's church and St. Patrick's synod at Cashel

Cashel · town · Tipperary · 400–499

Tradition holds that King Engus built a church on the Rock of Cashel to commemorate his conversion to Christianity. In the mid-5th century, St. Patrick, St. Ailbe, and St. Declan allegedly held a synod there to organize the Irish hierarchy.

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u favourite site of Pagan temple worship. A third set of writers, who combine the properties of dotard antiquary and dreaming monk, are quite convinced that a King iEngus built a church upon the rock in rommemoration of his conversion to Christumity, and that, in his reign, or about the middle of the Hfth century, St. Patrick, St. Ailbe, and St. Dedan, held a synod in Cashel, and adjusted with wondrous pomp and singularly vast development, the organization of our Irish hierarchy. The insufferable trumpery which, on absolutely no real authority whatever, has been heaped together respecting this alleged synod and matters of kindred character, deserves notice only for the sake of showing how unutterably puerile the human intellect becomes when, in affectation to be learnedly or ecclesiastically antiquarian, it yields itself to the guidance of a heated fancy.

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 203

King James at the hill of Donore during the Boyne

Donore · town · Meath · 1690

Throughout the Battle of the Boyne on 1 July 1690, King James II stood on the hill of Donore amidst his guards, acting more as a spectator than a general. The Irish infantry retreated towards Donore and there faced about to charge the English, before James eventually quit the hill and retired to Duleek.

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lines, with a difficult morass on their left, with breastworks, hedges, hamlets huts, rugged banks, and deep and dangerous fords, in their front, and with the village of Duleek, its large but ruinous church, and an excellent pass for a retreating army, in their rear. William, at the bead of 30,000 Eng. lish, French, Dutch, and Danes, and accompanied by the Duke of Schomberg, the Earl of Scbomberg, GeneraU Ginkell, Douglas, and Kirk, and many other distinguished persons, arrived at the south bank after his antagonists had fully settled themselves in their strong position; and, while his army were encamping between Mellifont and Drogbeda, be advanced, with some officers, to a rising ground about 200 paces west of the ford of Oldbridge, and nearly opposite the extreme west of James* camp, remained there nearly an hour surveying the ground, and received a flesh-wound from a cannon-shot fired b^ some of James' party who had observed his motions. His artillery was now brought up, and commenced a brisk cannonade across the river; and during the night, a resolution was adopted boldly to cross the fords, and attack the enemy in their own strong position. The grand movements of the battle commenced about 6, a. m., on the 1st of July, 1690. The right wing of William's army, commanded by Count Schomberg and General Douglas, marched toward the bridge of Slane, and eventually passed the ford below the bridge, driving back a regiment of dragoons posted to oppose them, and advancing toward the main body of the enemy. Of the centre of the army, commanded by the Duke of Schomberg, the Dutch guards first entered the river at the ford ot Oldbridge, in front of a strong body placed to resist them ; the French Protestants, th6 Enniskilleners, the levies from Brandenburgb, and the English, entered at fords, or comparatively passable points lower down; and the Danish cavalry entered between the extremes. They aggregately constituted such a mass as partially to dam up the river, and raise it much bevond its natural level; and many of the infantry waded breast-high, and supported their arms above their heads. All formed, or attempted to extricate themselves, as quickly as possible on the opposite banks; but all were not honoured with success, and some who were, fought severely to attain it The Dutch, though warmly received, succeeded in dislodging their opponents; the French were broken by a charge of horse, and lost M. Callemot, their commander; a squadron of the Danish horse was chased back to the south side of the river by a party of Irish cavalry ; and Count Nassau's dragoons had difficulty in withstanding several sn>art attacks of the Duke of Berwick's guanis. The Duke of Schomberg, who was at the head of the reserve, perceived the partial disorder, hastily crossed the river to rally and encourage the French, and in a few minutes afterwards was killed; and, about the same time, Mr. Walker, the soldierclergyman, celebrated for his heroic defence of Londonderry, fell. While the conflict was in the hottest and nK»t critical condition, William, accompanied bv the Prince of Denmark, and commanding the left wing of the horse, consisting of English, Dutch, and Danes, passed at a dangerous ford, little more than a mile above Drogbeda, and careered to the support of his centre. James, throughout this eventful day, was stationed on the hill of Donore ; and, while the crown of the three kingdoms was the object of contt^^t, stood amidst his guards rather as a spectator than as a general. When William **had securely reached the hostile bank of the river, he rode to the head of Itis squadron, and presented to them the animating spectacle of a royal general, prepared, with fword in hand, to share in all their dangers.

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 181

King John's Castle, Carlingford: commanding the pass

Carlingford · town · Louth · 1210

A castle said to have been erected in 1210 by King John probably gave origin to Carlingford town. The extensive ruin crowns an abrupt rock washed by the sea on one side and overhanging a narrow pass between the town and the mountains, with walls up to 11 feet thick.

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A castle, which probably gave origin to the town, and which still exi;its as a ruin, is said, though upon doubtful authority, to have been erected, in 1210, by King John. The ruin is extensive, massive, and imposing ; it is in some places 1 1 feet thick in the walls; and it crowms, or rather covers, an abrupt rock, one side of which is washed by the sea, while the other overhangs a narrow pass between the town and the Carlingford mountains. The castle seems to have been built to command the pass; it was necessarily adapted in form to the configuration of its site ; and it seems to have enclosed various baronial halls, a court-yard, galleries, recesses, and other appliances of convenience combined with strength. The view from its summit, over the bay, the Cooley, and the mountains of Mourne, is so gnmd as almost to look lofty derision upon the efforts of the pencil. In 1305, Richard de Burgh, Earl of Ulster, founded, on the south side of the town, a Dominican monastery ; and the extensive and picturesque ruin still exists, and exhibits, in the long aisle and central belfry, traces of that variety of the pointed style of architecture which prevailed at the period of its erection. Nearly midway between this ruin and the castle, are the ruins of a square building, with windows of an ecclesiastical character^ curiously carved with the effigies of animals and human heads, and with various fancy wreathings. Carlingford seems to have been a station of importance in even the earliest ages of the English ascendency in Ireland ; and, though never regularly walled or fortified, it was so constantly exposed to danger, from its position on the frontier of the pale, that each of its principal domestic buildings was constructed on the I
model of a fortaUce or castle ; and, not rery nrack above half-a-century ago, it contained nttmeixHu specimens of castellated stmcturei.

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 185

King's County Blackwater and great bog of Shannon-Bridge

Shannonbridge · town · Offaly

A sluggish boggy rivulet of the barony of Garrycastle, King's County, rises near Ferbane and flows seven and a half miles to the Shannon. The chief bog division within its basin comprehends 12,105 English acres, extending eight miles eastward from Shannon-Bridge to the vicinity of Balnahown, with depth averaging about thirty feet over clay, marl, and gravel.

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BLACKWATER (The), a sluggish and boggy rivulet of the barony of Garrycastle, King's co., Leinster. It rises on the south-east side of Cor- Hill, 1^ mile north-east of Ferbane, and flows 7| miles, chiefly westward, to the Shannon, at a point nearly midway between Shannon-Bridge and Shannon Harbour. It traverses, from its source to very nearljr its embouchure, an irksome expanse of bog ; and, jointly with its affluents, it probably drains more morass than any other equal extent of stream in Ireland. The chief division of the bogs within its basin takes name from it, comprehends an area of 12»105 English acres, and extends, with various breadth, 8 miles eastward from Shannon-Bridge to the vicinity of Balnahown. Its surface varies in height from 10 to 58 feet above the level of the Shannon ; it is highest near the eastern extremity ; and it declines to the Blackwater and the Shannon. Its depth averages about 30 feet, and in some places is 40 or 44 feet ; and it rests upon a thin stratum of clay, marl, or fine sandy superincumbent on a bed of
strong day and gravel. It is in general a soil red bog, interspersed with a few small derries or islets ; yet it does not flatly expand like a fen, but forma swells and hillocks with intervening hollows, nov firm and hard, and now wet and swampy. The bog is surrounded with dry hills of limestone-gravel and sand, very suitable for manuring, and is within easj distance of limestone quarries.

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 179

King William's camp at Golden

Golden · town · Tipperary · 1690

In 1690, King William issued a letter of restoration to ancient rights and privileges from his camp at Golden. This related to the corporation of Cashel.

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which are another district, and do not include the commons, are there represented as comprising 560| acres. The limits of the modern borough, as prescribed under the Boundary Act, comprehend the whole of the modern town, and only so much of unedificed ground as lies between the streets of the town's extremities; and the space which they in. elude measures about 1,200 by about 900 yards. A corporation is said to have existed in the town from time immemorial. In 1216, Donat, Archbishop of Cashel, erected the town, which was then the peculiar property of the see, into a borough, and gave burgage holdings to its burgesses; and, in 1230, Marian, a successor of Donat, granted and confirmed the town to its provost and 12 burgesses. Royal charters were afterwards given of 13 Edward II., 2 Richard II., 26 Elizabeth, 13 and 15 Charles I., and 5 James II. ; and a letter of restoration to ancient rights and privileges was given, in 1690, by King William, from bis camp at Golden. The governing charter is that of 15 Charles I. The corporation was included in the ' New Rules and Orders' published in 1672, under the Act of Settlement, by the Lord -lieutenant and Council ; and it, in consequence, required to submit its officers to the revision of the Lord-lieutenant and Council, before they could enter on the functions to which they had been elected. The corporation bears the title of ** The Mayor, Aldermen, Bailiflfs, Citizens, and Commons of the City of Cashel ;" it consists, according to charter, of a mayor, 17 aldermen, 2 bailiffs, and an onlimited number of commons ; and its officers, at the date of the Municipal Corporation Enquiry, were a mayor, a recorder, a treasurer, 2 bailiflfs, a town-clerk, i serjeants-at-mace, a sword-bearer, and a crier. *' Since the year 1777." say the Commissioners on Municipal Corporations, '*the patron of the corporation,** Mr. Pennefather, *' seems exclusively to have enjoyed the power of procuring the election of the aldermen, and of the several officers of the corporation, who were said to be elected by the board of aldermen ; of procuring the admission of freemen; and of disposing of the corporation property as he pleased; preserving, however, the form of corporate transactions, by having the orders for granting the leases, &c., entered on the corporation books, as if made by the board of aldermen. The late patron seems also to have had the power of procuring the return of the members of parliament for the city of Cashel. These powers he is alleged to have exercised for a period of 50 years.*' The Commissioners then show that the corporation, as it existed at the date of their inquiry, evinced from its condition, ** the industry and care** with which the patron sought to consolidate and perpetuate his power, and consisted wholly of a brother, 2 sons, 3 sons-in-law, a grandson, 4 nephews, 3 cousins, and 2 other relations of the late Mr. Pennefather; and they add, " The patron's influence, in all things but returning the member to parliament sfaioe the Reform Act, is supposed still to exist; and it would seem that it has been generally exercised for the advantage of the patron and his friends, and that little regard has for many years been paid to the interests of the city or the public." The Tholsel court is held every Thursday by the mayor and the recorder, or their deputies; it has jurisdiction to the amount of £20 Irish ; but, in consequence of the expenses of a suit amounting to between £3 and £4, few cases are brought before it. A mayor's court H-as held, till about the year 1829, for causes of action under lOs., — the costs of a suit amounting to la. 8d.; and it seems to have been considered useful to the poorer classes, and has been sought to be reWred. Except that the mayor acts as a magistrate within the borough, no jurisdiction in any crunind oMes ia

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 201

Kinnypottle Fort on Cavan outskirts

Cavan · town · Cavan

A military work now called Kinnypottle Fort is commemorated on the north-east outskirt of Cavan town. No further structural or historical detail is given.

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Public Buildings.'] — An old fortalioeor caatellated mansion, still called O'Reilly's Castle, and once the property of the tanist family of OHeilly, atood at an intersecrtion of the westward prindpel ttreety but can now be traced by only the local antiquarj. Another old fortalice, oescriDed in the borough cbaitcfB as "the stone House or Castle, wherein Walter Brodie, Gentleman, now resideth," stood nearly at the middle of the High- street Another mihtarf work, now called KinnypotUe Fort, is commemorated on the ncntb-east outskirt of the town. In 1300, a Dominican friary was founded by OioUa Jiosa Ruadh O'Reilly, dynast of BreflSny ; about the year 1393, it was taken from the Dominicaiit by the founder's successor, and given to the Frandscant; and, in 1649, it received into the tomb the mortal remains of the famous Irish ^neral, Owen O'JNeil, who died at Cloughoughter in this county, and ii supposed to have been poisoned. But all andent buildings, both public and private, were probably destroyed, or at least materially diamaged, by the devastations of war and conflagration. Cavan, like many other old towns, suffered severe havoc from the ruthless violence of the feudal wan; and ao late as 1690, the greater part of it waa burnt by the Enniskillenners under General Woliey, after they had defeated a body of troops in the aervioe of James II.

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 206

Knights Templar building vestiges at Cappagh

Cappagh · townland · Waterford

Vestiges of an ancient building near Cappagh demesne in Whitechurch parish, County Waterford, are traditionally said to have belonged to the Knights Templars. The demesne is the property of R. Usher and features plantations over surrounding heights.

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CAPPAGH, a demesne on the north side of the parish of Whitechurch, barony of Dedes-without- Drum, 4 miles west by north of Dungarvan, co. Waterford, Munster. It is the property of R. Usher, Esq., sends sheets of plantations over heights which surround the mansion, and constitutes a series of well-defined features in a pleasant landscape. In the vicinity are vestiges of an ancient building whidi is said to have belonged to the Knights Templars.
CAPPAGH, a parish, containing a village of the same name, in the barony of Lower Connello, 2f miles north-north-east of Rathkeale, co. Limerick, Munster. Area, 1,268 acres. Pop., in 1831,694 ; in 1641, 755. Houses 108. Area of the village, 82 acres. Pop., in 1841, 108. Houses 20. The parochial surface is flat, without character, and agriculturally poor. The tall ruins of Cappagh-castle are rather an arresting feature, as seen from the Limerick and Killarney road a little to the south. — This parish is a rectory, and part of the benefice of St. Mary's, in the dio. of Limerick. See Limerick. Tithe composition, £95. The curate of the adjoining parish of Creagh receives £5 a-year for performing tiie occasional duties. The Roman Catholic chapel has an attendance of about 530 ; and, in the Roman Catholic parochial arrangement, is united to two chapels in the parish of Kilcoman. In 1894^ the parbhioners consisted of 10 Churchmen, 6 Protestant dissenters, and 706 Roman CathoUcs; and a pay daily school was attended bv about 140 children.

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 183

Knockalla mountain above Clondevadock parish

Knockalla · electoral division · Donegal

At the south end of Clondevadock parish in Donegal, between Mulroy and Swilly bays, rises Knockalla, described as the 'monarch-mountain,' to an altitude of 1,128 feet above sea level. The parish occupies much of the Fannat peninsula and has extensive rugged mountainous tracts.

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("LONDERMOT. Sec Glendermot. CLONDEVADOCK. or Clondavadoo. a parish, on the coast of the barony of Kilmacrenan, 8| miles north of Rathmelton, co. Donegal, Ulster. It ( ontuins the villages of Balltroosky, Dough- KK(;, and Tawney: see these articles. Length, southward, 8 miles; extreme breadth, 6; area, 27,367 acrcx, 1 rood, 18 perches, — of which 627 acres, 2 rood^, 38 perches are water. Pop., in 1831, 9,596; in 1H4I, 10,344. Houses 1,754. Pop. of the rural di>iricts, in 1841, 9,588. Houses 1,624. It extends partly along the coast of the Atlantic, but chiefly along the east coast of Mulroy bay; and occupies a principal part of the peninsula of Fannat, between that bay and Lough Swillv. See Fannat, SwiLLV, and Mulroy. On the shore of Ballymastocker bay, one of the numerous creeks of Lough Swillv, is the demesne of Greenfort; and on the road to Fannat Point, at about a mile from the hamlet of Kosnakill, are the demesnes of Croghan and S[>ringfield. The tracts of mountainous land are afrcregately great in extent and rugged in feature ; and tiie arable grounds are. for the most part, shallow in >oil, yet tolerably fertile. At the south end of the parish, and midway between the Mulroy and S willy bay*, rises the monarch-mountain, KnockalU, to tlie altitude of I.IIKJ feet above sea-level. The north end of the parish is greatly broken by loughs, niar>be<i, and drifted sands; and is intricately inters«><-ted by offshoots and ramifications, miles in length, ot Mulroy bay. Yet along the shores, and in deeply sequestered districts, on to the very point of Fannat, popiilttioM and cultivation have advanced, the former er«'cting its many small du-itors of cabins, and the latter surrounding them with patches of miserable tillage. The principal road commences at Fannat Point, passes hIuii^' the cod^t of the Atlantic and up the shore of 1.
Mulroy bay, and goes off toward Roinakill, MilU

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 211

Knockbane summit in Clonoulty parish

Clonoulty · parish · Tipperary

Knockbane, situated in the north-west of Clonoulty parish, is the highest ground, lifting its summit 1,188 feet above sea-level. An indigenous rivulet running into the Multeen descends from an elevation of 832 feet.

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CLONOULTT, a parish, partly in the barony of Clan William, but chiefly in that of Lower Kilnemanagh, 4^ miles south-west of Holycross, co. Tipperary, Munster. The Kilnemanagh section contains the village of Ballaoh : which see. Length of the Kilnemanagh section, north-westward, 6^ miles ; breadth, from 3 furiongs to 3} miles ; area, 10,900 acres, 1 rood, 38 perches. The Clanwilliam section lies detached half a mile to the south-east. Area, 234 acres, 1 rood, 3 perches. Pop. of the whole, in 1831, 3,600; in 1841,3,855. Houses 527. Pop., in 184 L of the Clanwilliam section, 61 ; of the rural districts of the Kilnemanagh section, 3,577. Houses in the Clanwilliam section, 7 ; in the rural districts of Kilnemanagh section, 487* About one- third of the land is prime for either tillage or pasture ; one-third is tolerably good for tillage ; and one-third is mountainous but very reclaimable. The surface has a southern exposure, approaches within a mile of the Suir on the east, and is drained southward by the Multeen, one of that river's affluents. The highest ground is Knockbane, situated in the north-west, and lifting its summit 1,188 feet above sea-level. An indigenous rivulet, which runs into the Multeen, descends from an elevation of 832 feet. The site of the Rossmore Roman Catholic chapel has an altitude above sea-level of 443 feet. The seats are Rossmore, Cappamurragh, Ballvmore, Clonoulty, Woodfort, and Clonbonane. The interior is traversed south-westward by the road from Thurles to Tipperary. Clonoulty dispensary is within the Cashel Poor-law union, and serves for a population of 7,000; and, in 1839-^0, it received £112 10s., and expended £125 16s. Fairs are held on
July 5, and Nov. 12 This parish is a vicarage, and

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 219

Knockmany hill and Lumford glen in Clogher barony

Knockmany · townland · Tyrone

The hill of Knockmany and the glen of Lumford are noted as remarkable features near the centre of the barony of Clogher. The surrounding vale of the Blackwater is described as pleasant and luxuriant.

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from east to west, is 14^ miles ; its greatest breadth is 12( miles ; and its area is 97»569 acres, 2 roods, 3 perches, — of which 297 acres, 8 roods, 32 perrhes, are water. The declination is chiefly eastward, alonir the drainage of the head-streams and main volume of the Black water; but is partly northvrard and northwestward, along the drainage of remote head-streams of the Moyle. The hill of Knockmany and the glen of Lumford, near the centre of the barony, are remarkable features ; a considerable part of the vale of the Blackwater is pleasant, luxuriant, and somewhat embellished ; and a pendicle of country around Fintona is partially soft and beautified in character; but nearly all the rest of the area is a cold, naked, irksome congeries of moors, bogs, prosaic fields, and especially bleak, lumpish, pastoral hills. All the southern and western boundary -lines are upland watersheds ; a large proportion of the interior has an altitude of several hundred feet above sea-level; the western hills have some summits upward of 1,000 feet high ; and the hills on the east are connected with the great ranges of mountain which run to the northern extremity of the county, and through the greater part of Londonderry. — This barony contains part of the parishes of Aughalurcher, Donagheavy, and Errigal-Trough, and the whole of the parishes of Clogher and Errigal-Keerogue. Its tovros and chief villages are Clogher, Augher, Ballynwley, Five-mile- Town, and Fintona. The annual valuation under the Poor-law Act is £35,067 10s. 7d. ; and the sums levied under the grand warrants of the spring and summer of 1840, were rerpectivelT £2,754 Os. 7d., and £2,709 13s. I0«1. Pop., in 183f, 38,609; in 1841, 38,715. Houses 6,564. Families employed chiefly in agriculture, 4,662 ; in manufiie* tures and trade, 1,860; in other pursuits, 307. Males at and above 5 years of age who could read and write, 6,261 ; who could read but not write, 3,667 • who could neither read nor write, 6,441. Fensalet at and above 5 years of age who could read and write, 2,644 ; who could read but not write, 5,838; who could neither read nor write, 8,922.

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 207

Knockmealdown mountains as alpine watershed

near Knockmealdown Mountains · mountain or mountain range · Waterford

The northern division of Coshmore barony is described as a congeries of bold, bleak, broken uplands rising to an alpine watershed at the Knockmealdown mountains on the boundary with Co. Tipperary. Only the fertile lands along the Blackwater and Bride rivers contrast with this mountainous terrain.

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COSHMORE, and Cobhbride, an united barony in the extreme west of co. Waterford, Munster. Coshbride forms nearly a parallelogram of 6 miles by 4|, extending north and south, and bounded on the south and west bv co. Cork, on the north by the river Bride which divides it from Coshmore, and on the east by the river Black water and the upper part of Youghal Harbour which divide it from Decieswithin-Drum. The southern division of Coshmore it nearly a parallelogram of 6| miles by 3 J, extending east and west, and bounded on the nortb and east by the Black water, on the south by the Bride, and on the west by co. Cork. The northern division of Coshmore is nearly a parallelogram of lli| miles by 6j, extending east and west, and bounded on the north by co. Tipperary, on the east by Decies-without-Drum, on the south by the Black water, and on the west by co. Cork, — the Blackwater dividing it in nearly equal parts from co. Cork and from the •outhern district of Cos^hmore. Area of the whole barony, 89,403 acres,— of which 1, 104 acres are tideway. The fertile and most beautiful parts of the united barony may be understood by reference to our articles Blackwater and Bride [which see] ; the other parts are all hillv or mountainous ; and by far the greater portion of the northern division of Coshmore, in particular, is a congeries of bold, bleak, broken uplands, running up to an alpine watershed, at the acuminations of the Knockmeledown mountains on the boundar)r with co. Tipperary — This barony contains part of the parii^hes of Leitrim, Lis- |
• This of coune is tbo popiilation of tlie old barony. I

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 234

Lady Farnham's public garden in Cavan

Cavan · town · Cavan

A garden was laid out by the late Lady Farnham in the new part of Cavan town to encourage a popular taste for botany and gardening. Lord Farnham now maintains it as a public promenade for the inhabitants.

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Interior of the Town."] — Cavan consists of a street, 1,000 yards in length, extending north and south, along the Enniskillen and Dublin mail-road; a street, 430 yards in length, going off from the middle of the former, and wending toward the west; a partially edificed street, recently commenced, from the vicinity of a new and commodious inn ; and a small and irregular series of very brief subordinate streets and lanes. Neither of the principal thoroughfares is straight ; and nearly the whole town, witn the exception of the new street and the public buildings, is of unpretending character, and thickly daubed and patched, as well as considerably prolonged, with rows of mere cabins. Yet, though neither lighted, watched, nor aggregately well-edificed, it presents little or none of the abject meanness which characterizes BO many towns of its size in the west and south. A garden was laid out by the late Lady Farnham, in the new part of the town, as a means of inducing a popular taste for botany and gardening, and is now maintained by Lord Farnham, as a public promenade for the inhabitants. A lake, nearly halfa-mile long, and about 400 yards broad, lies on the south-west outskirts of the town; and a loughlet lies on the eastern boundary-line of the borough. These features unite with a considerable openness of area along all the western outskirts, and with the cheerful appearance of the immediately environing country, to relieve the town from the dulncss which
would otherwise arise from the aggregvteTy bimblv character of its architecture.

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 206

Lady Roche defends Castle Roche against Cromwellian forces

Castletownroche · town · Cork · 1649

In 1649, during the wars of the Commonwealth, Maurice Lord Roche adhered to the royalist cause and was attainted and outlawed. His lady bravely defended the castle for some days but was compelled to surrender due to destructive fire from a battery erected on a spot still called the camp-field. Lord Roche's estates were parcelled among Cromwell's soldiers, and he took service in a regiment in Flanders.

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attendants, and to station the rest of his force at the outer gate and in the hall, with orders to allow no man to pass. Lord Roche invited the intruders to a repast, refused to move with them when told their errand, and eventually complied beneath the force of threats, that thev must carry him away by violence. The seneschal of Imokilly, a personal enemy and an old opponent of Raleigh, had meanwhile assembled several hundred men, to intercept the captors on their march back to Cork, and to effect the rescue of their noble prisoner. But Raleigh's party passed along a rocky and dangerous road, in a dark and stormy night, amidst torrents of rain and the roarings of a tempest ; they escaped the seneschal, and arrived safely at Cork by break of day ; and, to crown the romance of their escapade, they proved to have been employed in a bootless task, for Lord Roche was found and declared to be innocent. In the wars of the Commonwealth, Maurice, Lord Roche, adhered firmly to the cause of royalty, and was attainted and outlawed ; in 1649, his lady for some days bravely defended the castle, but eventually was compelled to surrender in consequence of the destructive fire of a battery erected on a spot still called the camp-field ; and, while Lord Roche heard of his estates being parcelled among the soldiery of Cromwell, he took service in a regiment in Fhuiders, and suffered poverty in order that he might be enabled to share his pay with the exiled Charles IL " Eventually, Lord Roche was obliged to dispose of his commission on account of his debts ; and, at the Restoration, was naturally cheered by the prospect of regaining, ^nth his honours, the property of which be had been deprived. Charles did not find it convenient, however, to recollect the liberal friend of his adversity ; and Lord Roche would have perished of want but for the charity of the Duke of Ormond. The ingratitude of Charles IL to his Irish adherents, and the descendants of those who bad died fighting against the usurper, is among the darkest blots of bis reign. Many of them had — as in the case of Lord Roche — endured not only privations but want, to support his cause ; and when he bad the means of rewarding them, and of restoring to them their forfeited lands, he treated them with indifference or levity." The last Lord Roche served as a stable-boy to a gentleman in his native country, and lived with the servants in the kitchen, but was too proud to accept wages for his services ; and a Lady Roche is still remembered by some old persons in Cork, to have begged alms along the streets of that city, in a tattered and faded court dress, when she was upwards of 70 years of age ; and she is probably the lady whom Archbishop Boulter, in 1731, recommended to the Duke of Dorset as deserving a pension* The late Sir Boyle Roche, who was manv years a member of the Irish parliament, and who ludicrously distinguished himself in that capacity by his continual blundering, is supposed to have been the nearest kinsman to the last Lord Roche. The great-grandfather of the celebrated Edmund Burke retired, after 1641, to a small property which remained to him in the vicinity of Castletown- Roche ; there Burke's grandfather and father also resided; and there he himself spent his boyhood, and acquired at the school **all that the village schoolmaster could teach." Area of the town, 76 acres. Pop., in 1831, 1,095; in 1841, 1,063. Houses 168. Families employed chiefly in agriculture, 44; in manufactures and trade, 101 ; in other pursuits, 42. Families dependent chiefly on property and professions, 9 ; on the directing of labour, 105; on their own manual labour, 60; on means not specified, 13. CASTLETOWNSEND, a village and small sea-

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 206

Lagan Navigation improvements

near Belfast · city · Antrim · 1778

Over £100,000 was expended on the Lagan navigation since 1778, creating an inland route from Belfast harbour up the Lagan toward Lough Neagh and Newry.

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tion inland from the harbour proceeds up the Lagan, and ramifies westward toward Lough Neagh, and southward toward Newry. Upwards of £100,000 have been expended, si nee 177S, on the Lagan navigation. See Lagan — The affairs of the harbour are governed by a corporation, created by act of 1831, " for preserving and improving the port and harbour of Belfast," and consisting of **the lord of the ca»tle," the sovereign of the town, the members of parliament for the counties of Antrim and Down, and the boroughs of Belfast, Carrickfergus, and Downpatrick, and 16 other persons named in the act The Earl of Belfast and Lord Edward Chi. Chester were made members for life ; and 4 of the remaining 14 were annually to go out of office, and any of the whole should it facio^ retire, on ceasing to reside wkhin 7 miles of the Commerdal Build- Higs. The electors are the members of the old harbour corporation not named for the new, and also all persons resident within 7 miles of the Commercial Buildings, •" who shall be and have been the owners for six months previous to such meeting, of 50 tons registered shipping, engaged in the coasting, channel, or foreign trade;*' and likewise all persons within the same limits *' who shall iiave been assessed for 12 months previous to such meeting, and wlra shall have paid to the commissioners of police of the sdd town of Belfast, police tax to the amount of £4 per annum."

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 175

Landscape and church of Cloghane parish

Cloghane · townland · Kerry · 1823

Cloghane parish in Kerry is characterised by the mountainous peninsula screening Brandon Bay, terminating at Brandon Head, and the bold ridge of Connor Hill. The parish church was built in 1823 with a grant from the Board of First Fruits.

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CLOGHANE, or Clahane, a parish in the barony of Corkaguiney, 13 miles west by south of Tralce, co. Kerry, Munster. It contains the villages of Cloghane and BALLYQiriN : which sec. Length, II niile^; breadth, about 5; area, 17,572 acres. The <'cn-u«; of IK'il treats it as two parishes, under the names of North and South Cloghane. Pop., in 1 S.3 1 , of North Cloghane, 2, 1 90 ; of South Cloghane, .>S2. Pop., in 1841, of the whole, 2,994; of the rural districts, 2,^10. Houses in the whole, 478; in the rural districts, 414. The chief part of the surface consists of the mountainous peninsula which scre(>ris the west side of Brandon bay, and terminates in Brandon-Head ; and of the heights and declivities of the bold ri<lge of Connor-Hill, which is situated «outli-we<t of the bay, and forms part of the backbone of the peninsula of Corkaguiney. The general character of the land is that of coarse pasture and bog. 'i'he principal features of scenery, coast, sea, fishery, nioiintain, and seat of population, are noticed in the article Bu.vNDos ; which see. The village of ("lou'lianc lies close on the frontier with the parish ot Killeinv. and near the town of (Tastle-Gregory. Ana, H acre-'. Pop., in 1831, 222; in 1841. 2U6. Hou-e^ 34. — Cloffhane parish is a rectory, and a sep.iiate benetici'. in the dio. of Ardfert and Aghadoe. Tithe cc»nipo».it ion and gro«*»i income, £184 12s. 3:}d.; Ti- tt. i:i4."> I2<. 3id- PHtroM, the diocesan. The chdnh wan built, in 182:J, by mean;* of a gift ol .isui !.>-. 4id. trom the late Board of First Fruits. iiitii.is's l.X); attendance, from 15 to 20. The Ro-
man Catholic chapel has an attendance of 1,000; and, in the Roman Catholic parochial arrangement, is united to the chapel of Killeiny. In 1834, the Protestants amounted to 23, and the Roman Ca. tholics to 2,918 ; and 2 daily schools — one of which was aided with £5 a-year and a house from the rec. tor, and £5 from subscription — had on their books 4i boys and 12 girls.

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 207

Landscape and demesnes of Lower Cumber

near Cumber Lower · parish · Derry · 1796

The parish of Lower Cumber in County Londonderry features a romantic landscape from Drumcooil to Learmont, with beautiful gravel swells in the valley of Strade. It is adorned with several landed demesnes and its church was built in 1796.

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breadth, 4 ; area, 14,782 acres, 3 roodt, 21 perchet Pop., in 1831, 4,584; in 1841. 4,5ia Houses 822. A very large proportion is uncultivated mountain and bog ; but the arable land, consisting of alluvial grounds and inferior declivities along the Faugban river, and its tributaries, is, for the roost part, good. The statist of the county's summary view of the vale of the Faugban, finely exhibits the appearance and character of Upper and Lower Cumber : *' The solid strata are schist ; the summits wild ; the declivities, in favourite spots, are not unfertile ; and the loams are, as usual, enriched by the deposits from the mountain torrents. From Drumcooil to Learmont, the aspect of the country is cheerful, and frequently romantic. In the valley of Strade, there are beautiful gravel swells ; and, as in all similar circumstances, the surface has that tumulated appearance, which may be observed at the confluence of two rivers, or what is the same thing, where one river empties into another. The gravelly swells of the district where the Faureglen opens into the valley, are remarkable. About Cumber church, too, there arc some nice gravels, both in the shape of high banks and swells. The cause of these is the entrance of the Glenrandle river into the Faugban. The same surfaces occur where the Bonds -glen rivulet joins ; and again, where the Burntolloght comes in from the other side. How high and powerful the currents have been, whose vortexe* accumulated these masses, may be exemplified in their efTects. At the confluence of the Burntolloght with the Faugban, these round gravel hilU are, as I take it, not lower than 300 feet above the bed of the river. In short, wherever any streandet makes its way into this vale, the same kind of materials are disposed in corresponding shapes." The interior is traversed by the road from Londonderry to Dungiven, and adorned with the deme>neH of Cross, J. Smyth, Esq., Oaks, Acheson Lyle, E<*q., and Oaks Lodge, Hugh Lyle, E«q. — This parish is a rectory, and a separate benefice, in the dio. of Derry. Tithe composition, £560; glebe, £81 14«. 2d. Gross income, £641 14*. 2d. ; nett, £527 2s. 7Jd. Patron, the diocesan. The church was built, in 1796, by means of a gift of £461 lOs. 9id. from the late Boiird of First Fruits. Sittings 250 ; attendance 130. A Presbyterian meeting-hou^e is attended by 550, and a Roman (^atholic chapel by 500; and the latter is united, in the Boman Catholic parochial arrangement, to the chapel of Glendermott. In I8-'14. the parishioner* consisted of GjG Churchmen, 2,422 Pre-'byterian-t, 7 other Protectant dissenters, and 1,683 Roman Catholics; a Sunday school had an average attendance of 150 children ; and 6 daily schooN—one of which was aide<i with £12 a-year from the National Board, two with £3 each from the rector, and two with respectively £10 and £2, and with other ail vantages each from the Grot'eri* Company — had on their books 266 boys and 134 girls. Purt of Lower Cumber is included in the pt>rpetual curacy of Lkarmont : which -cc.

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 234

Landscape of Clones parish

Clones · town · Monaghan

The parish of Clones lies along the eastern edge of the Erne basin system and is drained by the river Fin. Its champaign contour is intersected with numerous loughlets and marshes and variegated with low, round, fertile hills.

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CLONES, a parish, partly in the barony of Clonkelly, CO. Fermanagh, and partly in the baronies of ■ Dartry and Monaghan, co. Monaghan, Ulster. The I Clonkelly section contains the village of Rosslea; j the Monaghan section contains the village of Smiths- BOROUtiH ; and the Dartry section contains the town of Clones. See these articles. Length of the parish, 8 miles; breadth, 7. Area of the Clonkelly section, 27,582 acres ; of the Dartry section, 10,782 acres ; of the barony of Monaghan section, 4,514 acres. Pop. of the whole, in 18:31, 22,203 ; in 1841, 23,506. Houses 4.085. Pop. of the Clonkelly section, in 1831, 10,996; in 1841, 11,405. Houses 2,015. Pop. of the barony of Monaghan section, in 1831, 2,71 1 : in 1841, 2.922. Houses 533. Pop. of the rural districts of the Dartry section, in 1831, 6,1 15; in 1841, 6,302. Houses 1,1*27. Very nearly the whole surface lies along the eastern edge or summit of the basin-system of the Erne ; and is drained south-south-westward by the river Fin, which falls upon the south-east extremity of Upper Lough Erne. Its contour is that of a champaign country, singularly intersected with numerous loughlets and marshes, and profusely variegated with low. round, fertile bills. Though the lakes are multitudinous, few possess noticeable beauty, most are mere featureless ponds, and only one in the north-east is of even comparatively large size. The land is for the moi^t part good ; but to home extent consists of morass and of

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 211

Lead mine and landscape of Clontibret

Clontibret · townland · Monaghan

The parish of Clontibret in County Monaghan contains the great lake of Mucknoe on its eastern border and several interior lakes. A lead mine located east of the parish church was previously worked by a mining company but later abandoned.

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CLONTlBRET, a parish, 6 miles north-north- >vest of Ca«tleblayney, baronv of Cremourne, co. ^lonaphan, Ul>ter. Length, 12J miles; breadth, 4|; area, 26,554 acres. Pop., in 1831. 15,941 ; in 1841, 16,a'}3. Houses 2,989. The surface contains an apex or watershed of country, whence streams fall off toward respectively the north-western, the northern, and the eastern seas of the kingdom; and it is all rough, bleak, and more or less moorish or mountainous. The great lake of Mucknoe [see that article] lies on the eastern border; and the considerable lakes Cornighdergan and Toam, as well as 5 lesser ones, lie in the interior. The irregularity of the surface, the contract of the well dispersed lakes, and the favourableness of soil and circumstances for improvement by planting, might occasion the district to become almost a gallery of good views; but the nakedness of the hills, the baldness of the lakes, the prevalence of unreclaimed bog. and the ascendency ot fieorgical folly or neglect, not only chill the hopes of the traveller who wends among the narrow vales, but changes them into disgust. About one-seventh ot the urea is waste and dismal bog; a considerable proportion of the remainder is rough inferior land ; only a «<mall a^rgregate is disposed in pasture; and no I'ortion whatever ijt fertile enough, or sufficiently well managed, to produce wheat. The arable lands have a soil either of cold grit, or of deep, retentive, rush-bearing clay ; yet they bear good crops of potatoes, oat>i. and flax. A lead mine, a few perches ea-t of the church, was at one time spiritedly worked by a mining company, but was abandoned. Various UM'ful minerals are found, particularly ochres and brick -clay. The deme«(nes are Braca, Millmount, Mn<; Koc'ktield. The handet of Millmount stands n«;ir i!ie church; and there arc several other hamlets. 'Mm- interior is traversed in the direction of north by w. ■: by tlie I Odd Irom Dublin to Londonderry. The i.

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 220

Legend of Clancarty's plate in Blarney Lake

Blarney · town · Cork

It is implicitly believed that the last Earl of Clancarty who inhabited Blarney Castle committed the keeping of his plate to the deepest waters of the lake. The plate will never be recovered until a MacCarthy is again Lord of Blarney.

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The exquisitely beautiful environs of Blarney, though but partially noticed by Mr. and Mrs. Hall, cannot be better exhibited than in their graphic account of the part which they select for description. ** The scenery in the neighbourhood is agreeable; but the g^unds that immediately surround the castle are of exceeding beauty. Nature has done rouch more for them than art ; although there is evidence that the hand of taste had busied itself in the dutj of improvement. * The sweet Rock-close' is a small dell, in whieh evergreens grow luxuriantly, completely shaded with magnificent trees. At its termination are the ' Witches* Stairs,* a series of rugged stone steps whieh lead down through a passage in the rock to a delicious spot of green sward forming the bank of a clear rivulet, and where some singular masses appear to have been ' the work of Druid hands of old.' We visited 'the sweet Rockclose' — it well deserves the epithet— during a sunny day in June ; and never can we forget the fragrant shade afforded by the luxuriant evergreens which seem rooted in the limestone rock ; the little river Comane is guarded by a natural terrace, fringed bj noble trees ; several of the spaces between are grottos— natural also ; some with seats, where many a love tale has been told, and will be, doubtless, as long as Cork lads and lasses indulge in pie-nic f§tes while the blackbird whistles, and the wood-pigeon coos in the twisted foliage above their heads : it is indeed a spot of exceeding wildness and singular beauty ; at some particular points you catch a glimpse of the castle, the river, and the mysterious entrance to the * Witches' Stairs.* Stall, notwithstanding the variety of these objects, and a cave, moreover, where some beautiful princess of old went through — ^like the lady in Comus — a long enchantment, the character of the Rock-close is one of deep shadow ; occasionally a sunbeam struggles through the gloom, and points out a bed of the richest moss, or a * grey stone' winged with waving fern; and it is a place wherein to meditate upon the mystery that such a scene should ever have been abandoned by its possessor, who now takes little more interest in his beautiful domain than to crowd its rich meadows with as fine cattle as we ever remember to have seen in any country. We wandered from the shades of the Rock-close across the green and richly wooded pastures which lead to the lake, — a fine expanse of water, about a quarter of a mile from the castle. The scenery here is rather English than Irish, but every step is hallowed by a legend : it is implicitly believed that the last Earl of Clancarty who inhabited the castle, committed the keeping of his plate to the deepest waters, and that it will never be recovered until a MacCarthy be again Lord of Blarney. • • Those who visit Blarney-castle would be repiud for their trouble by extending their drive through a sequestered glen, in which the Awmartin descends into the valley ; the road wanders through this beautiful pass almost as wildl v as the river, and at its extremity the Rev. Matthew Horgan, with true antiquarian gusto, is erecting a

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 180

Legend of Nectan's monastic church at Clogher, Louth

Clogher · townland · Louth

Local tradition asserts that the early or original church of the parish of Clogher was a monastic one presided over by Nectan, the nephew of St. Patrick. The author skeptically questions how many nephews St. Patrick had and whether they were all abbots.

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CLOGHER. or Kilclogiter. a parish, containing a village of the same name, on the east coast of the barony of Ferrard, 5 miles north-east of Drogheda, CO. Louth, Leinster. Length, 2i miles; breadth, 1 mile, 3 furlongs ; area, l,W)l acres. I^)p , in 1831, l.3»2; in 1841, 1,37L Houses 247. The land throughout the parish is in general very good. Clogher- Head, on the coa^t, is the most easterly ground in the county ; it is situated in 53° 47' N. lat.. and 6° 12' W. long. ; it has rocky and precipitous escarpments ; and, though rising only 181 feet above sea-level, it forms a striking object as seen from the adjoining flat sandy beach. A little cove in the rocky cliff on the north side of the headland, forms a dock, chiefly natural and partly excavated ; it has an area of only about 1 1 perches by 4 at high water; it is entered by a passage onlv 20 feet wide, and is all dry at low water ; it afFunls shelter from all winds except the north-east ; and, a few years ago, it had 7 smacks, of from 25> to 40 tons each, and 20 row-boats, exclusively ci»gaged in fishing, and was also much frequented by the fishing-boats of other stations. Its artificial works cost £336 to government and £10 to W. Brabazon, Esq. ; it is incapable of enlargement or any material improvement ; and so incommodious is it for the community of fishermen connected with it, that, in frequent instances, 8 or 0 men go a-fishing in a yawl, who would gladly, if there were harbour- room, substitute a wherry. At St. Denis' Well, about half-a-mile to the west, are some ruins of an incomplete pier built about a century ago ; and here a harbour could be constructed, of 6 or 8 acres in area, of at least 12 feet in depth at high water, and fitted to serve as a safety-harbour for vessels in southerly storms, for an expense of about £2.316. The village of Clogher stands at the cove on the north side of Clogher- Head. It is a straggling place; but possesses comparative importance, both from its fishery, and from tbe resort to it as sea-bathing quarters of the middle-classes of some inland parts of Louth and Meath. Area, 28 acres. Pop., in IKH, 592; in 1841, 841. Houses 156. Families employed chiefly in agriculture, 29; in manufactures and trade, 99 ; in other pursuits, .33. Families dependent chiefly on property and profe^*- sions, I ; on the directing of labour, 27 ; on their own manual labour, 120; on means not specified, 13. — CloKher parish is a rectory, and part of the benefice of Tkrmonfeckan [which see], in the dio. of Armagh. Tithe composition, £98. Current story or legend asserts that the early or perhaps original church of the parish was a monastic one, presided over by Nectan. the nephew of St Patrick. How many nephews had 8t. Patrick ? and were they all abbots? In 1834, the Protestants of the parish amounted to 28, and the Roman Catholics to 1,220; and 3 daily schools — one of which was salaried with £10 from the National Hoard, and one with £4 from Cant. Haiifield — bail on their books 96 boys and 22 girls.

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 210

Legend of St. Patrick and the Rock of Cashel

near Rock of Cashel · rock or rocks · Tipperary

A legend related in Keating's History tells that a heavenly messenger announced the coming of St. Patrick to the herdsmen of Core, King of Munster, and designated the Rock of Cashel as a sacred site. The King then built a royal palace there called Currick-Phadruig, or Patrick's Rock.

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shrines, arches, Saxon, Roman, and Norman, all in ' one common ruin, as the Rock of Ca^hel displays to . view." The Rock, too, is intimately associated in j history with the names and achievements of a line , of native princes ; and figures, both in popular fancy j and in monastic story, as a place now, and from a | very remote period, of extraordinary sanctity. A i legend in Heating's History daringly, yet gravely, ' relates that a heavenly mes^senger announced to the | herdsmen of Core, King of Munster, the coming of St. Patrick, and pointed out to them the Rock as a place to be sacredly associated with his mission; that the King, in consequence, erected a royal palace on the spot now called Currick-Phadruig, or Patrick's Rock ; and that, owing to the monarch's receiving here the rent or revenue of bis kingdom, the place came to be called Cioa-Oil, corruptedly Cashel, * the rent or revenue of the rock.* Not long ago, all the ruins on the Rock were abandoned to neglect and the corrosion of tlie elements, and were accessible only by a passage through nettles and rank weeds, and over huge amorphous masses of fallen masonry. But the late Archdeacon Cotton devoted much time and energy, and expended large portions of his private property, to preserve the structures from farther injury, to collect a vast number of broken carved stones, to reunite their fragments with such skill as to restore manv of the figures in basso relievo to nearly their original perfection, and to fix the rescued and recombined sculptures so firmly and guardedly in their respective places in the various walls as efifectually to protect them against all future assaults of the despoliator. The view from the Rock differs from the extensive and gorgeous panorama hung around the hill of Killough, chiefly in having the archiepiscopal demesne and the city as a foreground, and in being suddenly closed up by the Killough heights on the east ; and it is thus briefly depicted by Mr. IngUs: " The whole county of Tipperary is spread out below, — one beautifully variegated plain, richly cultivated, and bounded by the Galtee and other mountain-ranges ; while immediately below, the beautiful pleasuregrounds of the bishop, — their lawns, parterres, borders, clumps, and shrubberies, in all their varied livery of green, lie like a piece of Mosaic work."

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 199

Lick and Dune castles on the Kerry coast

Beal · electoral division · Kerry

Lick Castle stands on a rock almost surrounded by the sea, formerly communicating with land by a drawbridge, and belonged to a branch of the Desmond family. Dune Castle sits similarly overhanging the ocean. A cliff between the two castles collapsed into the sea, exposing beds of pyrites, iron and sulphur which heated and burned with great fierceness.

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here rise to an amaxing height ; one, two, and three hundred feet perpendicular. The castle of Lick stands upon a rock almost surrounded by the sea, communicating formerly with the' land by a drawbridge ; it belonged to a branch of the Desmond family. Near this is the castle of Dane, situated similar, overhanging the ocean. Some years back,* a part of these cliffs, between the castles of Lick and Dune, assumed a volcanic appearance ; the waves, bv continual dashing, had worn and undermined the cliff, which, giving way, fell with tremendous violence into the sea; several great strata or beds of pyritae, iron and sulphur, were in consequence exposed to the action of the air and saltwater ; the natural effects of which were that they heated and burned with great fierceness ; the clay near it is calcined to a red brick, mixed with iron ore, melted in manv places, like cinders thrown from a smith's forge. ' A very brief way south of Dune are the celebrated caves of Balltbunian : see that article.
BEALANTRA,or Ballintra, a hamlet on the western margin of the barony andco. of Leitrim, Connaught. It stands on the left bank of the Shannon, half-a-mile below its exit from Lough Allen, 1 mile north-west of Drumshambo, 2^ miles south-east by east of the Arigna Iron Works, and 7 north of Carrick-on- Shannon. Pop. not especially returned. A bridge at the place is the first on the Shannon ; and is remarkable in history for the passage of the French forces under General Humbert, in 1798, on their march towards the county of Longford. The bridge is only about 80 feet long, and has 4 arches, of which the central two are the largest; and a causeway,

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 164

Linen manufacture known as 'Coleraines' exported via Coleraine and Portrush

near Coleraine · town · Derry

The linen manufacture was the most important industry in Coleraine, producing a fabric well-known in trade as 'Coleraines.' It was woven in private houses and surrounding cottages, bleached locally for the London market, and exported direct from Coleraine and Portrush.

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Trade.] — The linen manufacture is greatly the most important department of productive industry ; but has been subject to considerable fluctuations, — yet scarcely to any other than such as have affected all rUter. The fabric made is well-known in trade as ** Coleraines ;" it is woven principally in private houses, and in the cottages of the surrounding peasantry ; it is bleached in considerable quantity in the neighbourhood for the London market; and it it DOW principally exported direct from Coleraine and Port rush. The only other noticeable manufactures are tanning and soap-boiling. The exports from Coleraine and Portrush, in 1835, amounted in estimated value to £105,685; and the principal items were corn, meal, and flour, £40,954, — provisions, chierty bacon and butter, £42,527,— linen, £5,120,
— flax and tow, £4,950,— and wool, £1,100. The imports of the same year amounted in estimated value to £65,900; and the principal items were, woollerj manufactures, £15,000, — cast-iron, £6,250, —sugar, £6,000,— fish, including herrings, ^6,000, — un wrought iron, £5,600, — cmIs, culm, and cinders, £,').500, — wrought iron and hardware, £3,000, —oak bark, £2,890,— glass and earthenware, £2,200, — linen yarn, £2,2(X), — cotton manufactures, £2,000,

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 228

Lionel Duke of Clarence establishes exchequer at Carlow

Carlow · townland · Carlow · 1361

In 1361, Lionel Duke of Clarence, son of Edward III and Lord-lieutenant of Ireland, established the kingdom's exchequer in Carlow and contributed £500 toward enclosing the town with a strong wall.

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History.'] — Carlow — anciently called Catherlogh, Catherlough, and Caterlogh — seems to have arisen about the ^^e time as its castle ; and, in common with that f«prtalice, which was built to protect the English of the Pale, it makes a conspicuous figure in the early part of Anglo- Hibernian history. In the reign of Edward II., it was made the seat of the seneschalship of the counties of Carlow and Kildare, instituted to quell the turbulence of these districts. . In 1361, Lionel Duke of Clarence, son of Edward III., and Lord-lieutenant of Ireland, established in it the exchequer of the kingdom, and contributed £500 toward the cost of encompassing it with a strong wall. In 1494, James Fitzgerald, brother of the 8th Earl of Kildare, besieged " the King's Castle of Carlow," and, after encountering a prompt but vain resistance by the Lord-deputy, Sir Edward Poynings, captured it ; and this act was one of the grounds on which the parliament which afterwards

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 191

Lisburn parish church serves as Connor cathedral

near Lisburn · town · Antrim

The parish church of Lisburn functions as the cathedral for the Diocese of Connor, and is maintained at the expense of that parish. The diocesan chapter holds benefices across numerous parishes in Antrim and adjoining counties.

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The nett episcopal revenue of Connor is returned at £2,215 4s. 4d. The chapter consists of the dean, the archdeacon, the chancellor, the precentor, the treasurer, and four prebendaries ; and it has no property, either in its corporate capacity, or as an economy fund. In right of their respective dignities, or as •' the corps" severally attached to them, the dean holds the benetice of Carrickfergus, revenue, £965 ; the archdeacon, the benefice of Billy* £539 4s. 7d. ; the chancellor, the benetice of Ramoan, .£440; the precentor, the benefice of Ballymoney, £1,073 10s. 8d. ; the treasurer, the benefice of Agherton and Ardclinis, £450; the prebendary of Connor, the benefice of Connor, £279 I2s. ; the prebendary of Cairn-Castle, the benetice of Cairn- Ca-tle, £743 63. ; the prebendary of Rasharkin, the benefice of Rasharkin and Finvoy, and the sinecure rectory of Kilraughts, £700 ; and the prebendary of Kilroot, the benefice of Ballinurc, Kilroot, and Templecorran, £565. The fabric used as the cathedral is the parish-church of Lisburn, and is kept in repair at the expense of that parish.

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 234

Loan Fund at Carrick-on-Shannon

Carrick-on-Shannon · town · Leitrim · 1841

In 1841, a Loan Fund in Carrick-on-Shannon had a capital of £750 and circulated £2,525 in 852 loans, providing financial resources to the local community.

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is a very effective institution ; it has 46 beds, and a room capable of receiving 6 more; and, in 1840^41* it received £663 17s. 9d., expended £919 Ts. lOd., and liad 452 patients. In 1641, a Loan Fund in the town had a capital of £750, and circulated £2,525 in 852 loans.

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 195

Lord Bantry's mansion and wooded park on Bantry Bay

Bantry · town · Cork

Lord Bantry's fine mansion-house and green, highly dressed lawn sweep down in easy undulations to the water's edge of Bantry Bay. The wooded hills of the park, with their herds and deer, hang in umbrageous verdure over the noble sheet of water.

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ftoints piercing the cumulo stratus of the clouds, and eaving you to guess at their mysterious altitudes ; nearer still to the north-west. Hungry Mountain, rising like an embattled wall before ^ou, and down the mural descent, as relieved from its background, fell the cataract of Adrigoll, in a perpendicular column of 800 feet 1 — ^nearer still, facing the north, the Sugarloaf Mountain, almost as white in its siliceous quartoze formation as if it were crystallized sugar; directly under my feet was the inner harbour of Bantry, protected and divided from the outer bay by the green island of Whiddy ; and up and down on that placid water were studded isles and islets, one crested with an ancient castle, another crowned with a modern battery, — here a martello tower, there the ruins of a fishing palace ; and, to finish the setting of this rich jewel, the trees, woods, hills, and fine mansion-house of Lord Bantry, his green and highly dressed lawn, sweeping down in easy undulations to the very water's edge. I cannot say how much I was struck with this delightful ioui emembU, And certainly, as was exemplified here, any thing that is admirable is made much more so by contrast. I had for miles travelled over a dull and dreary way — bare, desolate, unsatisfactory — rocky elevations, or gloomy moors, crowded with miserable huts, a population evidently and fearfully increasing, amidst difficulties and privations altogether insufficient to check its monstrous progress; and I bad read Malthus's convincing but gloomy book ; and war, pestilence, and famine, * terribilis visu fonns,' rose up in necessary association, as summoned to feast on and make prey in future of this teemii^ population. It therefore was a pleasant relief, coming down from this district, to rest on the sweet green shores of Bantry bay, to feast the eye on the wooded hills, with all their herds and deer, of Lord Bantry's park, hanging as it does in umbrageous verdure over this noble sheet of water ; and, to ftdd
BAN

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 164

Lord Chichester's palace praised by 1635 visitor

near Belfast · city · Antrim · 1635

An English gentleman visiting Ireland in 1635 described Lord Chichester's residence in Belfast as a dainty stately palace, calling it the glory and beauty of the town, where the lord was mostly resident.

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also as tbe instrumental originator of the general prosperity of the county. Sir Arthur induced many persons to emigrate from his paternal possessions in jDevonshire ; and, seeing these joined by many of the Scottish and English colonists who were attracted by the general settlement of the province, about the years 1607* 1608, and 1609, he soon enjoyed the pleasure and advantages of having his extensive estates fairly peopled. The castle of Belfast was rebuilt; Sir Arthur was, in 1612, created Lord Chichester of Belfast; and, in 1613, the town was so far increased as to receive its charter of incorporation, and its investment with right to send two members to parliament. Edward, the brother of Lord Chichester, succeeded him in 1624, and was raised by Charles L to the dignity of Viscount Chichester and Baron of Belfast. In 1635, an EngHsh gentleman who visited Ireland, said, *' At Belfast, mv Lord Chichester built a dainty stately palace, which is, indeed, the glory and beauty of that town, where he is mostly resident." In 1647, Uie first Viscount Chichester's eldest son was created Earl of Donegal, and, at a subsequent date, a descendant of his was raised to the dignity of Marquis of Donegal and Earl of Belfast In 1706, the castlcwhich, up to that time, had been the residence of the Chichester family — was destroyed by fire, through the carelessness of a servant ; and three daughters of Arthur, third Earl of Donegal, perished in the flames.

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 177

Lord Clancarty captured and exiled after fall of Cork

Blarney · town · Cork · 1691

On the surrender of Cork in 1691, Lord Clancarty was taken at the capture of the old fort. Despite the exertions of his father-in-law the Earl of Sunderland, he was condemned to confiscation and exile, and retired to an islet at the mouth of the river Elbe.

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The castie of Hlarnev consists of a mansion of modern construction, and of part of an ancient castellated pile. The modern building was constructed at a time when beauty of domestic architecture and justness of artistic keeping were little studied ; and, m consequence, it is destitute of all appropriate allu- •ions to the castellated style of the massive structure to which it is attached. The ancient pile was built, about the middle of the 15th century, by Cormae MacCarthy, aurnamed " Laider,** or the strong ; and was, in the reign of Elicabeth, described by the author of Pacata Hibernia, as a fabnc 18 feet thick ifi the walls, and composed of four conjoined piles. It was strongly flanked at each angle, and rose from the edge of a precipitous limestone rock, which overhangs the deep vale of the Awmartin rivulet. Its remains consist of one square massive tower, of large dimensions, perforated with few regular windows, but with many apertures for the discharge of missiles. The proprietors of the castle were chiefs of the sept or clan of Carty, — or MacCarthy, " sons of the rock ;" and assumed the title of Lords Muskerry, as owners or toparchs of tte territory. In the reign of Elizabeth they were summoned to parliament as Barons of Blarney ; and, in 1658, they were created Viscounts Muskerry and Earls of Clancarty, — qua»i^ Earls of " the clan of Carthy." In 1602, the castle was compelled to surrender to the royal forces, and, in 1646, was captured by them, in consequence of tbe temporary disaffection of its owners ; but on each occasion it was speedily restored to them, and at other times it was generally the peaceful abode of their state and lovalty. In the wars of the Revolution, it was stoutly employed in the service of James II. ; was for a time used as a prison for those Protestants of Cork whom Lord Clare ordered into confinement; and was not, without an obstinate struggle, surrendered to the forces of William. On the surrender of Cork, in 1691, Lord Clancarty was taken at the capture of the old fort ; and notwithstanding the exertions on his behalf of his father-inlaw, the Earl of Sunderland, he was condemned to oonii;:cation and exile ; and, being allowed a pension of £900 a-year, he retired to an islet at the mouth of the river Elbe, and there spent his life in seclusion.* In 1702, the castle, mills, fairs, and customs

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 180

Lord Lorton's Rockingham demesne at Lough Key

Rockingham · electoral division · Roscommon

Lough Key and Lord Lorton's demesne of Rockingham are highlighted as the most interesting objects in the parish of Boyle. The demesne is described as princely.

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BOYLE, a parish, containing a town of the same name, in the barony of Boyle, co. Roscommon, Connaught. Length, east of northward, 7^ miles; ^ breath, 5^ ; area, 20,736 acres, 2 roods, 21 perches, — of which 1 ,252 acres, 3 roods, 38 perches, are water. Pop., in 1831, 12,597; in 1841, 12,591. Houses 2, 1 05. Pop. of the rural districts, in 183 1 , 9, 1 64 ; in 1841, 9,356. Houses 1,640. The surface includes part of the Curiew mountains on the west, and part of Lough Key on the east, and possesses neaHy every variety of character froai the sturdy coarseness of the one to the soft and beauteous blandishments of the other. No portion of the barony, or even of the county, is more remarkable for georgical and ornate improvement ; and few portions eqaal it in natural power and expressiveness of feature. Several farms of from SO to 60 acres each in the vicinity of the town, average 25s. per acre of rent ; the three largest farms in the plains of Boyle average 308. per acre ; the town-parks in the immediate outskirts of the town let from £3 to £3 10s. per acre ; and even the Curlew mountains, though estimated not by average but by bulk, yield a rent of about 10s. per acre. The most interesting objects in the parish, additional to those in the town, are Lough Key and a portion of Lord Lorton's princely demesne of Rockingham. See Rocunoham and Kbt. The water-area consists of 74^ ftcres in Lough Key ; 218 acres, 3 roods, 9 perches, in Lough Gara; 151 acres, 1 rood, 4 perches, in Lough Arrow; and 184 acres, 1 rood, 25 perches, in small Ukes. A prin-
272

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 181

Lord Palmerstown's improvements at Cliffoney

Cliffony · town · Sligo

Lord Palmerstown erected a large chapel, schoolhouse, inn, and several good dwelling-houses at Cliffoney in Co. Sligo within recent years. He also pursued reclamation of bog on the Chat-Moss system, planted sea-bent to arrest drift sand, and built the village and harbour of Mullaghmore to improve the bleak surrounding district.

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CLIFFONEY, a village in the parish ef Ahamlish, barony of Carbery, co. Sligo, Connaught. It stands on the sea-board', and on the road from Sligo to Ballyshannon, about 1 \ mile from Mullaghmore, 3 miles from Grange, and 10 miles north of Sligo.. A large chapel, a schoolhouse, a good inn, and several good dwelling-houses were, within these few years erected here by Lord Palmerstown. His lesd^hip bus, for a considerable period, been prosecuting strong measures — such as reclaiming bog on the Chat- Moss system, planting sea-bent for arresting the progress of drift sand, and building the village and harbour of Mulloghmore — in order to improve the bleak and semi-sterile surrounding district. Fairs are held in Clilfoncy on May 18, June 18, Oct. 5, Nov. 6, and Dec. 15. A dispensary here is within the Sligo Poor-law union ; and, in 1839-40, it expended £127 7s. 2d., and made 2,470 dispensations of medicine to 870 patiento. Pop^ returned with the parish.
CLIFTON, a seat of the Earl of Damley, 4 miles north-west of Trim, ce. Meath, Leinster. The large tract of fine land which surrounds it, and belongs to Lord Darnley, has been highly improved, is in a state of fine cultivation, and is sprinkled over with comfortable farm-hou«es.

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 207

Lough Bray in Wicklow and Surgeon-General's cottage

near Lough Bray · lake or lakes · Wicklow

Lough Bray in the parish of Powerscourt, Co. Wicklow, occupies a crater-like excavation at 1,225 feet above sea level, covering 64.5 acres. Surgeon-General Crampton built a picturesque cottage on its shores as a retreat from professional life.

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nacor on the west. A smaller lake lies a little above it, and participates in its name. But even Lough Bray, par excellence, is one of the smallest of the Wicklow lakes, and covers only 64| statute acres; ^'et, owing to the loftiness, force, and uniqueness of Its scenery, it possesses considerable interest. Its bed is a crater-like excavation, and has an elevation of 1,22.5 feet above sea-level. Mr. Crampton, the Surgeon-general, built on its shores a picturesque cottage, in a style to correspond with the landscape, and finds it a luxurious retreat from the excitement and toils of professional pursuit. Upper Lough Bray covers an area of 28 acres, 2 roods, 24 perches, and has a superficial elevation of 1,463 feet.
BRAY (The), a rivulet in the extreme north of CO. Wicklow, Leinster. It issues from the lake noticed in the preceding article ; and runs about 8 miles eastward — but so as to describe the segment of a circle with the convexity southward — to the sea, one-fourth of a mile below the bridge of Bray. It has most of its course in the Wicklow half-barony of Rathdown ; but over a short distance above its embouchure, it runs on the boundary between co. Wicklow and co. Dublin. Though brief in length, it abounds in attractions, and identifies itself with the curiosities of Glencree, the wonders of the deep, dark, bosky ravine of Da.rqlc, the exulting beauties of the demesne of Powerscourt, and the several amenities of the town of Bray : see these article<«. The rivulet is not navigable; yet occasionally, when the bar mouth is open, vessels can be carried on a spring-tide to near the bridge of Bray. The fishery, both of the stream and of the small bay into which it opens, is the private property of the Earl of Meath ; but, except for salmon, it is not pror bibited to the public.

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 181

Lough Conn landscape and scenic demesnes

near Lough Conn · lake or lakes · Mayo

Lough Conn in Mayo is a noble lake extending over 10 miles, combining grandeur with beauty through its intricate shoreline of peninsulas and bays. The demesne of Deel Castle sheets the north shore, Prospect demesne fringes the north-west, and Nephin mountain dominates the western edge with its stupendous heights.

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Cullen receives on the south- west the Ca!ttk>)>nr rivulet and another considerable streamlet ; and the superfluent waters of both flow eastward from the foot of Lou^h Cullrn to an alniot^t immediate confluence with the river Moy. Thouirh a larpe proportion of the shores of the double lake, including;: nearly all the south and cast, is low, bo^pry, moorish, and repulsive; yet the tout enaemble of the lacustrine landscape, and particularly select clo^e views from various vantagegrounds on the east, the north, and the vicinity of the Pontoon, are strikingly picturesque, and richly combine grandeur with beauty. The extensive demesne of Deal-castle sheets the north shore; the pleasant demesne of Prospect frinpfes part of the north-west ; other ornamented grounds tuft and verdantly variegate other part-* of the margin ; various beautifid i<lets gem the water's bosom, particularly near Deal-ciLitle and the Pontoon ; Shrahecnhill and a low rugged rirlge tumulate a portion of the heath-clad eastern shore ; Green Nephin mountain stoops precipitously down to the western edge of Lough Cullen and of Lough Conn proper ; the great Xephin itself, the monarch of the Mayo alp<«, shakes down from the vast summit of its stupendous height, a rolling and broken assemblage of boldly featured de<'livities; and all these demesnes, and hills, and heathy heights, and frowning mountains, send off projections and curiously turned limbs to cut the outline of the lake into an intricate tracery of peninsube and bayt; — so that, in spite of broad features of a faulty kind, a whole series of efT'Ctive and even powerful landscapes is produced. The m:iil-roiid from Castlebar to Ballina is carried over the Pontoon, distant 6 miles from Ballina; and there — amidst much romance, and in the near vicinity of a vantage-ground whence an impressive view is obtained of the greater part of tlie lake — a small but comfortable hotel hfw been cre(?t4?d by Lord Lucan for the accommodation of tourists.

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 229

Lough Corrib islands with fortress and church ruins

Lough Corrib · lake or lakes · Galway

Lough Corrib's islands contain ruins of old fortresses and ancient churches associated with Culdee hermits, disciples of Columba, Fursey, or Fechin. The lake was praised by contemporary writers as among the noblest in Ireland, with scenery ranging from the beautiful to the sublime along its western and northern shores.

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to examine them all would reouire 6ne weather and considerable time." ** Lough Corrib,*' says Mr. Otway, who descril>es it as seen from high ground near its head, " is flat and uninteresting, no doubt, in some places, — as indeed almost all Irish and Scotch lakes are — where their superfluity is discharged by some river; but up here to the north, it has the mountains of Connemara, and Joyce-Country to the west, and very lofty hills that rise to the east, and separate it from the Galway lowlands. It is in truth a noble sheet of water, here and there studded with islands, — some large and fertile, others rugged rocks, — some embattled with the ruins of an old fortress, — some made holy by the crumbling remains of a still older church, where some Culdee made his de.sert, — a disciple of Columba or Fursey or Fechin his retreat. If such a lake as this were in Scotland, or indeed anywhere else in Europe, it would be covered with steam-boats and yachts, and there would be hotels and accommodations on its shores, and a country as rich, if not richer, than Cumlierland would be opened out and planted and built on." The Corrib hotel, built by Mr. Nimmo while making the roads of Cunnemara, and Corribdale, the seat of R. Martin, Esq., in the vicinity of Oughterard, take their names from the lake.

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 234

Lough Corrib, largest lake in Ireland after Neagh

Lough Corrib · lake or lakes · Galway

Lough Corrib, partly between Mayo and Galway but chiefly within Galway, is the largest lake in Ireland except Lough Neagh. It greatly excels in the variety, extent, and richness of its scenery, divided into four sections extending over thirty thousand acres.

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CORRIB, a great and interesting lake, partly between co. Mayo and co. Galway, but chiefly wilUa the latter co., <5onnaught. It is the largest likd in Ireland, except Lough Neagh ; and it greatly excels that monarch lake of Europe, as well as naany ooaitod lakes of both Great Britain and Irelano, in the variety, extent, and richness of Its scenery. Measured from its foot upward, or from a line 3 milti north of the town of Galway to the aooth bme of Benlevy mountain and the vicinity of Cony, it may be distributed into four sections; the firrt extends 5^ miles northward, with a breadth ef from } of a mile to 3 miles ; the second ezteidii 7 miles north-westward, with a breadth of from } of a mile to 2^ miles ; the third extends 7 niks north-north-westward, with a breadth of from 9^ miles to 6| miles ; and the fourth goes off Iram the west side of the third, a little above its nriddle, and extends 7h miles vrestward and west-aorth* westward, with a breadth of from less than a furlav to nearly two miles.* The lake covers about 30^000
roods, aSpenliM. itaiait Mta. 2rood%aftpswAe^ti<n^ii» «en tlw BHidicsef taTaai

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 234

Lough Derg slate quarries near Castletown-Arra

Castletownarra · parish · Tipperary

Slate quarries on the slopes of hills skirting Lough Derg's lower reach in Castletown-Arra parish were long and successfully worked under the misnomer of the 'slate-quarries of Killaloe.' They belonged to the Royal Irish Mining Company.

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by north of Nenagh, co. Tipperary, Munster. It con^' tains the village of Portroe: which see. Length, southward, 4 miles; extreme breadth, 3 ; area, 9,273 acres, 3 roods, 15 perches, — of which 2,469 acres, 30 perches, are in Lough Derg. Pop., in 1831, 4,110 ; in 1841, 4,292. Houses 697. Pop. of the rural districts, in 1841, 3,845. Houses 623. The surface ex. tends along the lower part of Lough Derg; and con. sists variously of mountain, hill, bog, and plain, but predominantly of good arable land. The road from Nenagh to KilUloe wends through the interior in a curvature somewhat corresponding with the line of Lough Derg's sweep; and it commands brilliant views of the lake itself, and of the broad and many, featured frame- work of country in which its long mirrory expanse is set. On the slopes of the hills which skirt the shores of the lower reach of the lake, are slate-quarries which now belong to the Royal Irish Mining Company, and which have been long and successfully worked, under the misnomer of the slatequarries of Killaloe. The loftiest summits within the parish, on the south-east boundary, and on the southern boundary, have altitudes above sea-level of respectively 1,083, 1,127. and 1,517 feet. The principal residences are Gurrykennedy, Shannon ville Landstown, Cloneybrien, and Castle-Lough, — the
last the seat of Mr. Parker This parish is a rectory

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 206

Lough Gawnagh extending into Longford

Scrabby · town · Cavan

Lough Gawnagh, 3 miles in length, extends along the southern boundary of County Cavan and sends an arm into County Longford. The river Upper Erne issues from this lake and runs northward across the county.

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north-western projection ; but tlie former toochet also the county of Leitrim, and both are, in a chief degree, lakes of Fermanagh. The Cloddagh rivulet runs across the neck or isthmus of the north-western projection ; it consists of two considerable headstreams, one of which forms a chain of lakes and loughlcts immediately south-west of Slieve-Russell ; and it unites these streams at Swanlinbar, and soon after parses into Fermanagh, on its way to the west side of Upper Lough Erne. The Woodford river, the draining stream of the south-eastern district of the county of Lei trim, forms the pleasant lakes of Woodford on the borders of Leitrim and Cavan, and traverses the latter county lOj miles north-eastward, past Ballyconncl, to the Erne, a little above Lough Erne. Lough Gawnagh, 3 miles in length, extends along the southern boundary, but sends an arm, which is little inferior to the main body, into the county of Longford. The river Upper Erne, issuing from this lake, runs 20 miles nearly due north, right acro^ts the county, past Belturbet, to the head of Upper Lough Erne. This river, at about the middle of its career in the county, expands into Lough Oughter; and, at various points of its progress, is flanked, at near distances, by pools and small lakes. Upper Lough Erne touches the county over only about 1^ mile immediately west of the embouchure of the Upper Erne. Lough Shillin, 4^ miles in length, and nearly 2 in breadth, extends along the southern boundary to within 5} miles of the nearest part of Lough Gawnagh ; but it receives the drainage of only a tiny portion of the county through two or three rills, and it sends off its own superfluent waters along Westmeath and Longford, by the river Inny to the Shannon. Two head-streams of the river Black water, each about 1 1 miles in length of run, rise within less than 3 miles of each other, and about the same distance from the north-eastern boundary of the county, in the vicinity of Shircock ; one of them, the Virginia Water, expands in its upper part into 3 or 4 small lakes; both run southward and south-south -eastward to Lough Raroor; and, after traversing that isleted lake of about 3 miles in length, they re-appear in the single stream of the Blackwater, which almost immediately passes into Meath, and eventually falls into the Boyne at Navan. A head-stream of the South Lagan rises in the vicinity of Bailieborough, and runs 6^ miles to the eastern boundary, there to commence for a while the division of Monaghan from Meath, and afterwards to traverse Louth, and fall into the Irish sea, on the south-west side of Dundalk bay. The Annalee and the Cootehill rivulets come in from Monaghan, at points respectively 3J and 7i miles north of Shircock ; they both, but especially the latter, form small yet prolonged lacustrine expansions ; they unite at a point 3|^ miles west of Cootehill ; and their united stream thence runs westward to the Erne, at a point 7 miles above the inosculation with Upper Lough Erne. Seven or eight lakes, which might be noticeable in minute topography, occur in addition to those we have named; but all additional streams are both mere affluents and inconsiderable rills.

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 206

Lough Graney, the Lake of the Sun

near Lough Graney · lake or lakes · Clare

A stream from Lough Terroig flows southward into the beautiful Lough Graney, historically known as the Lake of the Sun, before pursuing a serpentine course to Lough O'Grady.

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iro^rr*]— The river Fergus rises in the barony of Corconiroe ; runs through the lakes of Inchiquin, Tedane, Dromore, Ballyally, and several smaller lakes ; flows past the town of Ennis ; receives various tributaries, the chief of which is the Clareen ; nnd Iregins to expand into its beautifully outlined and picturesquely isleted estuary a little below the village of (Mare. A stream issues from Lough Tcrroig, on the boundary with the county of Galway ; runs southward to the beautiful Lough Graney or Lake of the Sun ; pursues a serpentine course of 4 miles to Lofigh O'Grady ; collects there the waters which several rivulets bring down from the mountains; and then runs eastward to Lough Derg, at the picturesque bay of Scariff. The river Oogarnee , cdllects its hea<l waters in Lough Breedy, 2 miles j south-south-west of Lough O'Grady; runs southward to Lough Doon ; receives an affluent from Lough ; <M()idea: forms a small lake near Mountcanhel ; and pursues its 'ioutherly course past Six -mile- Bridge, to the Shannon opposite the embouchure of the Slaig. Anl-allas rivulet rises in the borony of Bunratty ;
I.

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 207

Lough Oughter scenery near Crossdoney

Lough Oughter · lake or lakes · Cavan

The country around Crossdoney is described as fertile, highly embellished, and romantically beautiful, with the fine scenery of Lough Oughter occurring in the line of the Erne to the west.

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CROSSDONEY, a -mall villaire, and the Kite of a po>t otVice, in the parish of Kiliuore, barony of rioiiiiiahon, co. Cavan. ri>ter. It ^taIldH ou the riNid from Dublin to Kilie-handra, I mile east of the river I>iie, l^ we<st-north-we'«t of Rallinajiagh, 5 xuitli we>t by >outh of Cavan. and 6^ north-west of l)ii)iliii. The country immediately around it ih fertile, highly embellished, and lu^cioiktly beautiful; ami cDMiHiii*, ainon^' other mansions and villa>«, Li^more Cattle, Maior Nesbitt, — Li<namandra,G. L'E*tran|?e, I :><}., —the Rock>, JoJiu Tatler, Esq., — Belleville, C.ipt. riciniii;,'.— (Vtle Cosby, .Mr. Whitethorn, — l>iiiiucar(lin, .Mr. liooth, — and Drumhiel, Mr. B«ll. Ill the liiit* of the Erne to the west occurs the beau> tit id >cciicry of Loui^h OuKhter. The CroutAdoney (ii-pcn<>Hry is within the I'avan Poor-law union; ami, in IKI^MO, It expended £44 ItU. 3d., aiul made 4. 1 iiti dispensations of medicine. Fair- are held on April ,\ .May '27, Aug. 2(5, and Nov. II. Top. retuincii with the parish.
(KOSSDrFF. See Aitghnamullen.

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 234

Lough Shillin on southern boundary draining via Inny

near Lough Sheelin · lake or lakes · Cavan

Lough Shillin, 4.5 miles long and nearly 2 broad, extends along the southern boundary of Cavan. It receives drainage from only a tiny portion of the county and sends its surplus waters via the river Inny through Westmeath and Longford to the Shannon.

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north-western projection ; but tlie former toochet also the county of Leitrim, and both are, in a chief degree, lakes of Fermanagh. The Cloddagh rivulet runs across the neck or isthmus of the north-western projection ; it consists of two considerable headstreams, one of which forms a chain of lakes and loughlcts immediately south-west of Slieve-Russell ; and it unites these streams at Swanlinbar, and soon after parses into Fermanagh, on its way to the west side of Upper Lough Erne. The Woodford river, the draining stream of the south-eastern district of the county of Lei trim, forms the pleasant lakes of Woodford on the borders of Leitrim and Cavan, and traverses the latter county lOj miles north-eastward, past Ballyconncl, to the Erne, a little above Lough Erne. Lough Gawnagh, 3 miles in length, extends along the southern boundary, but sends an arm, which is little inferior to the main body, into the county of Longford. The river Upper Erne, issuing from this lake, runs 20 miles nearly due north, right acro^ts the county, past Belturbet, to the head of Upper Lough Erne. This river, at about the middle of its career in the county, expands into Lough Oughter; and, at various points of its progress, is flanked, at near distances, by pools and small lakes. Upper Lough Erne touches the county over only about 1^ mile immediately west of the embouchure of the Upper Erne. Lough Shillin, 4^ miles in length, and nearly 2 in breadth, extends along the southern boundary to within 5} miles of the nearest part of Lough Gawnagh ; but it receives the drainage of only a tiny portion of the county through two or three rills, and it sends off its own superfluent waters along Westmeath and Longford, by the river Inny to the Shannon. Two head-streams of the river Black water, each about 1 1 miles in length of run, rise within less than 3 miles of each other, and about the same distance from the north-eastern boundary of the county, in the vicinity of Shircock ; one of them, the Virginia Water, expands in its upper part into 3 or 4 small lakes; both run southward and south-south -eastward to Lough Raroor; and, after traversing that isleted lake of about 3 miles in length, they re-appear in the single stream of the Blackwater, which almost immediately passes into Meath, and eventually falls into the Boyne at Navan. A head-stream of the South Lagan rises in the vicinity of Bailieborough, and runs 6^ miles to the eastern boundary, there to commence for a while the division of Monaghan from Meath, and afterwards to traverse Louth, and fall into the Irish sea, on the south-west side of Dundalk bay. The Annalee and the Cootehill rivulets come in from Monaghan, at points respectively 3J and 7i miles north of Shircock ; they both, but especially the latter, form small yet prolonged lacustrine expansions ; they unite at a point 3|^ miles west of Cootehill ; and their united stream thence runs westward to the Erne, at a point 7 miles above the inosculation with Upper Lough Erne. Seven or eight lakes, which might be noticeable in minute topography, occur in addition to those we have named; but all additional streams are both mere affluents and inconsiderable rills.

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 206

Lyrath, seat of Sir Cuffe near Blackrath

Lyrath · townland · Kilkenny

The road from Dublin to Kilkenny traverses the interior of Blackrath parish and is overlooked at a little distance by Lyrath, the seat of Sir J. W. D. Cuffe, Bart.

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is more extensive than the civil one, and had, in 1831, a pop. of 730. The land is, in general, of fniddle rate quality. The road from Dublin to Kilkenny traverses the interior; and is overlooked, at a little distance on the west, by Lyrath, the seat of Sir J. W. D. Cuffe, Bart— This parish is a rectory, a prebend, and a separate benefice, in the dio. of Ossory. Tithe composition, £121 Is. 7d. ; glebe, £18. Gross income, £139 Is. 7d. ; nett, £130 lOs. 4(1. Patron, the diocesan. The incumbent is also rector of Maynooth, and resides on that benefice. A curate has a stipend of £10. There is neither church nor chapel. In 1834, the Protestants amounted to 38, and the Roman Catholics to 706 ; and a pay daily school had on its books 51 boys and 27 gifU.
BLACK RATH, one of the numerous denominations of the benefice of Bumchurch, dio. of Ossory, ro. Kilkenny, Leinster. The First Report of the Commissioners of Public Instruction calls it a grange, exhibits it jointly with the grange of Wool, and represents it as having had 373 inhabitants in 1831, and 380 in 1834, all Roman Catholics. The Fourth Report of the Commissioners on the Revenues and Patronage of Benefices calls it a rectory, but says that, though its name is retained in the incumbent's titles, its situation is unknown to him. See BuRNCHURCH.

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 179

Maam-Turk mountains: steep chain pierced by passes

near Maumturk Mountains · mountain or mountain range · Galway

The Maam-Turk mountains extend parallel to Binabola along the western boundary of Joyce-Country northward to near the Killeries. They are acclivitous, round-topped, pierced with gullies or passes called Maams, with their highest summit Shannonafola rising about 2,000 feet above sea level.

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Galway bay. The country strictly mountainous ex* tends from Lough Corrib to Aghns Point, and sends up summits of from 1,200 to 2,500 feet in height above sea-level. The chief group, as to at once eitent, altitude, central position, and scenic power, is that of BiNABOLA : which see. On the east vide of Binabola lies the vale of Lough Ina, with the iso* lated and panorama-viewing hill of Coolnacarton at its mouth : see Coolnacarton, On the east side of Lough Ina vale, and extending parallel with Bina< bola, and along the western boundary of Joyce-Country, northward to near the Killeries, is the chain of the Maam-Turk mountains, accli vitous,round.topped, pierced with gullies or passes called Alaams, and lifling their highest summit — that of Shannonafola — alM>ut 2,000 feet above the level of the sea At the south-eastern extremity of this chain occurs a lovr opening, for about a mile along the shore of the western arm of Lough Corrib ; and then steeply rises the hill of Glan to the height of 1,000 feet, and descends slowly on the opposite side toward the village of Oughterard : see Glan. Some of the best landscapes in Cunnemara occur on several of the marine iidets, and around Ballinahinch, Clzfdbn, and Corrib Lough : see these articles.

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 236

MacCarthy attacks Dungarvan by sea

Dungarvan · town · Waterford · 1172

In 1172, Dermod MacCarthy dispatched a fleet of 85 vessels from Cork to attack Earl Strongbow at Dungarvan.

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The ancient territory of Cork — or that which, at the period of the Anglo-Norman invasion, included the present territory of Cork, and was defined by well -established limits— comprehended also a considerable tract of what now forms the counties of Kerry. Limerick, and Waterford, and was divided into Desmond or South Munster on the west, Carbery on the 8outh-west and south, Mu^kerry or West Mun>ter in the centre and the east, and Home minor or U'»!^ fixed districts in the east. This territory ioruKMl, for some time l>efore the arrival of Earl StronKbow, a separate kingdom, under the sway of the MucCarthys ; yet it was rather overawed by them as indisputably the strongest sept than strictly consolidated into one dominion ; and it suffered great fluctuations in the distribution of its sub-divisional districts, and was practically cut into various sections, and placed beneath the uncertain and often coiitlicting control of toparchs. Muskerry, for example, experienced successively great contractions and great dilatations of its limits; and the large tract which now forms the baronies of Fermoy, tMangibboM, Orrery, and Kilmore, was a principality of the O'Keifs, and bore the name of Fearmuagby, — that of which the modern Fermoy is a corruption. The toparchs or chieftains next in power to the hovereif^n MacCarthys, were the O' Keifs on the northcast of .Muskerry, the MacDonoughs on the northwe>t of Mu>kerry, the O'Lehaiis on the south-east of Muskerry, the 0*Learys on the south-west of JVIuNkerry, the O'Donovans and O'Driscols in Car- Ixry. arui the O'SuUivans in Desmond. In 1172, Dermod MacCarthy, king of Cork, swore fealty to Henry II.; but soon afterwards he threw off the yoke to which he had submitted, made an attack by land upon the Fnglii^h under Raymond 1e Gross, and despatched from Cork a fleet of 85 vessels which attacked Farl Strongl)ow at Dungarvan. His kingdom wa> in con>equcnce forfeited to the Crown; and, with the exception of the city of Cork and the adjuining cantred which were res€rve<l to the king, it was h11 bestowed, in 1177t upon Robert Fitsbtcpheii and Milo Dc Cogari.

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 234

MacCarthy castle site and chalybeate spring at Curragh

Curragh · townland · Cork

A castle of the MacCartys stood at Curragh, a little north of Kanturk. Near the site of the castle there is an excellent chalybeate (iron-rich) spring.

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Knocknackabrig in the west. Two new roads through the interior, the one from Newmarket to Charleville, and the other from Cork to Listowel, through Kanturk and Newmarket, have benefited the traffic of the towns, laid open the fastnesses of the mountains, and created great facility for the extension of georgical improvemeitt. The prevailing soil around Kanturk is a whitish clay ; and, in some places, it is yellow or brown, very deep, and naturally luxuriant in grass. A good culm has long been found in considerable quantity, useful for forges and for burning lime. The castle of Carrigacushin, a mile north-east of Newmarket, belonged to the sept of MacAulitfe; and Castle MacAuliffe, which stood west of the town, on the left of the road thence to Black water-Bridge, was their chief seat. A castle of the MacCartys stood at Curragh, a little north of Kanturk; and near its site is an excellent chalybeate spring. — This parish is a vicurage, and a separate bienelice, in the dio. of Cloyne. Vicarial tithe composition. £5S\ 10s. 9d.; glebe. £-25. Gross income, Mim 10s. 9d. ; nett, £4()2 9s. 2d. Patron, the diocesan. A curate has a stipend of Jb'75. The rectorial tithes are compounded for the same sum as the vicarial, and are impropriate in John Longfield, Esq., of Longueville. Within the parish is the perpetual curacy of Kanturk. The parochial church was built, in 1830, bv means of a loan of 4:2.000 from the late Board of First Fruits. Sittings 300; attendance, from 100 to 150. A schoolhousc is also used as a parochial place of worship ; and has an attendance of from 25 to 70. Three Roman Catholic chapels at Newmarket, Meelan, and Rockhill, have an attendance of respectively 2,(500, 750, and 750; and, in the Roman (I'atholic parochial arrangement, arc mutually united. There is a Roman Catholic chapel also at Kanturk. In 1834, the parishioners, exclusive of those within the Kanturk curacy, consisted of 275 Churchmen, and 8,836 Roman Catholics ; a Sunday school was attended by about 40 children ; and 15 dailv schools had on their books 587 males and 252 iemales. Of the daily schools, 4 were circulating schools in connection with the Irish Society ; one was a work-school for adult girls; one was an infant-school, salaried with i;14 from the vicar and his lady; one was a free-school, supported by about £15 of collections at the Roman Catholic chapel ; one was a female free-school, salaried with £15 from Mrs. Aid worth; and one was a male free-school, salaried with £17 from Mrs. Aldworth ami the clergy.

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 212

MacCarthy's fleet departs from Cork

Cork · city · Cork · 1172

In 1172, after swearing fealty to Henry II, Dermod MacCarthy threw off English rule and dispatched a fleet of 85 vessels from Cork to attack Earl Strongbow.

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The ancient territory of Cork — or that which, at the period of the Anglo-Norman invasion, included the present territory of Cork, and was defined by well -established limits— comprehended also a considerable tract of what now forms the counties of Kerry. Limerick, and Waterford, and was divided into Desmond or South Munster on the west, Carbery on the 8outh-west and south, Mu^kerry or West Mun>ter in the centre and the east, and Home minor or U'»!^ fixed districts in the east. This territory ioruKMl, for some time l>efore the arrival of Earl StronKbow, a separate kingdom, under the sway of the MucCarthys ; yet it was rather overawed by them as indisputably the strongest sept than strictly consolidated into one dominion ; and it suffered great fluctuations in the distribution of its sub-divisional districts, and was practically cut into various sections, and placed beneath the uncertain and often coiitlicting control of toparchs. Muskerry, for example, experienced successively great contractions and great dilatations of its limits; and the large tract which now forms the baronies of Fermoy, tMangibboM, Orrery, and Kilmore, was a principality of the O'Keifs, and bore the name of Fearmuagby, — that of which the modern Fermoy is a corruption. The toparchs or chieftains next in power to the hovereif^n MacCarthys, were the O' Keifs on the northcast of .Muskerry, the MacDonoughs on the northwe>t of Mu>kerry, the O'Lehaiis on the south-east of Muskerry, the 0*Learys on the south-west of JVIuNkerry, the O'Donovans and O'Driscols in Car- Ixry. arui the O'SuUivans in Desmond. In 1172, Dermod MacCarthy, king of Cork, swore fealty to Henry II.; but soon afterwards he threw off the yoke to which he had submitted, made an attack by land upon the Fnglii^h under Raymond 1e Gross, and despatched from Cork a fleet of 85 vessels which attacked Farl Strongl)ow at Dungarvan. His kingdom wa> in con>equcnce forfeited to the Crown; and, with the exception of the city of Cork and the adjuining cantred which were res€rve<l to the king, it was h11 bestowed, in 1177t upon Robert Fitsbtcpheii and Milo Dc Cogari.

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 234

MacDermot's Castle on Castle Island, Lough Key

near Castle Island · townland · Roscommon

A circular islet in Lough Key is nearly entirely covered with ruins, dominated by a square ivy-clad tower called MacDermot's Castle after an ancient toparch of the district. Tradition alleges the castle was built through jealousy to incarcerate the chieftain's wife during his warlike expeditions.

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larged; and it ranks at present among the best man sions in IreUnd. It is three stories high, and terminates at the attic in a domical and well-finished ceiling ; and it contains a fine suite of rooms, a spacious hall, and two corridors leading to two neat circular apartments. On the rock in the rear of the mansion are the small remains of the original castle, — the walls of one story of a richly ivied tower. This place was anciently called Carriganedy, ' the rock of the shield,' and is said to have belonged to the Mahonys. Sir Arthur Hyde, the ancestor of the present proprietor, John Hyde, Esq., raised a regiment in England when the country was menaced with the Spanish Armada; and, in guerdon of bis services, he obtained a grant of nearly 6,000 acres of the Earl of Desmond's forfeited lands in the county of Cork. See Litteb. CASTLE-INCH. See Inchiholohav. CASTLE-ISLAND, an islet in the south-east part of Lough Key, barony of Boyle, co. Roscommon, Connaught. It is circular, surrounded b^ a wall, and very nearly covered with ruins and buildings. Excepting a little plot of ground studded with a tew trees, not as much free space exists on its surface as on the quarter-deck of a man-of-war. The principal building, or castle-proper, is a square ivyclad tower, containing two apartments, the one over the other, and each measuring 36 feet by 22. This is called MacDermot's Castle, after an ancient toparch of the district ; and is traditionally alleged to have been built through jealousy, for the incarceration of the chieftain's wife while he was absent on warlike expeditions. The castle was recently re-edificed and rendered habitable, as an appendage to the splendid demesne of Rocringham : which see.
CASTLE-ISL AND, an islet in Lough Conn, co. Mayo, Connaught. Here are the ruins of an old castle in which O'Conor is said to have con&ned his rebel brother, after taking out his eyes.

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 205

Maiden Tower at the Boyne's mouth

near Mornington · town · Meath

A curious structure called the Maiden Tower stands near the point of the peninsula at the mouth of the River Boyne, within a mile of Mornington village. It forms a marked feature in the long, flat, sandy beach stretching along the Boyne's mouth.

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Mornington ; Btymore ; Baybeg ; Stamecn ; Cowslip-lodge; Triton-lodge; Farmhill; Neptune-lodge; and Mornington. A curious structure, called the Maiden Tower, stands near the point of the peninsula at the embouchure of the Boyne, and within a mile of the village of Mornington ; and forms a marked feature in the long, flat, sandy beach, which stretches along the Boyne's mouth. An abbey for canons regular of the Augustinian order was founded at Colpe, in 1182, by Hugh de Lacv, and made dependent on the abbey of Lanthony in Monmouthshire. " The walls of a church in ruins," says Archdall, *' are still to he seen here, the arches of which are both in the Saxon and Gothic style, and the east window appears much older than the other parts of the building, and made, as we suppose, a part of the abbey ; on the north side is a small chapel, and to the south are two other chapels, one of which is at present the burial-place of the family of Bellew." The parish is traversed by the road from Balbriggan to Drogheda, and by a road which curves round the coast. The north-eastern or peninsular district consists of the townland or reputed chapelry of Mornington. — This parish is a vicarage, in the dio of Meath. Glebe, £21. The tithes are wholly impropriate in Mr. Pollard of Castlepollard, and are compounded for £lf)5; but a portion of them was purchased by the late Hoard of First Fruits for endowing the incumbent of St. Peter's, Drogheda. The vicarage of Colpe, the chapelry of Morningtom, and the vicarage of KiLSHARVAN [see these articles'), constitute the benefice of Colpe. Length, 5^ miles ; breadth, 4 ; Pop., in 1831,2,457. Gross income, £108 10s.; nett, £50 7s. 7d. Patron, the Marquis of Droghe<la. A curate has a stipend of £60. The church was built, in 1809, by means of a gift of £553 l(>s. lid. from the late Board of First Fruit*. Sittings 150; attendance, from 48 to 50. The Roman Catholic chapel has an attendance of about 300 ; and, in the Roman Catholic parochial arrangement, is united to the chapel of St. Mary's, Drogheda. In 1H34, the parishioners consisted of 102 Churchmen, 5 Presbyterians, and 1 ,651 Roman Catholics ; the inhabitants of the union consisted of 157 Protestants, and 2,091 Roman Catholics ; and 2 daily schools at Baymore, and in the Roman Catholic chapel, the latter of which was aided with about £S a-year from subscription, had an average attendance of from 30 to 45 children. In 1840, a National school at Donecarney was salaried with £8, and had on its books 64 boys and 42 girls.

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 229

Mail-road through Leighlin-Bridge

Leighlinbridge · town · Carlow

The mail-road from Dublin to Waterford passes through Carlow and follows the left bank of the Barrow to Leighlin-Bridge, then proceeds three miles down the right bank into County Kilkenny. The Dublin-Kilkenny railway also passes near Leighlin-Bridge.

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Communications,'} — The only water communication is the navigation of the Barrow. The mail-road from Dublin to Waterford passes through Carlow, down the left bank of the Barrow to Leighlin-Bridge, and thence 3 miles down the right bank of the Barrow into CO. Kilkenny. The other roads are num. erous, and generally kept in good repair; and they are maintained by Grand Jury presentments, and have not a single turnpike. Previous to the appointment of a county surveyor, the main lines of road, and such as led to gentlemen's seats, were the only ones attended to ; but since then, the cross roads have, for the most part, been put and kept in order. A railway from Dublin to Kilkenny, for which an act of parliament was obtained previous to 1838, passes across the west wing of the county, down the right bank of the Barrow, near Carlow and LeighUn- Bridge ; and a proposed railway to Kilkenny, a survey for which was laid before the Railway Commissioiiers, branches off from the former in the western vicinity of Carlow, crosses the Barrow at the southem outskirt of the town, and goes south-eastward across the county to Newtownbarry.
Divisions and Towns.'] — The county is divided into the baronies of Carlow in the north-west, Rathvilly in the north-east. Forth in the middle of the east, Idrone-East in the centre and slightly in the east, Idrone-West in the western wing, and St. MuUins in the south. The only corporate towns, ancient or modern, are Carlow and Old Leighlin ; the only town of considerable size is Carlow ; the only other place fairly entitled to be called a town is Leighlin-Bridge; the principal villages, or complimentarily the small towns, are Bagnalstown, Borris, TuUow, and Hacketstown; and the only other noticeable villages are Clonegal, Rathvilly, Old

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 187

Malachi O'Morgain made bishop of Connor, 1124

Connor · townland · Antrim · 1124

In 1124, Malachi O'Morgain, later archbishop of Armagh, was appointed bishop of Connor. Bernard of Clairvaux reported that he found the inhabitants nominally Christian but practically pagan, neglecting baptism, marriage, tithes, and first-fruits.

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The Diocese of Connor is alleged, but without even a sbow of Mitisfactory evidence, to have been founded by St. ^ngus Macnish or Slacnisius, who was a dis»ci|)le of Olcaii, and a follower through Olcan's medium of St. Patrick; and who died very early in the 6th century. But the sec, up to the year 1124, cannot be traced even by the advocates of its remote antiquity ; and up to the beginning of the \5th century, it olten bore the de^ignation of Dalriada or Dalnaruigh. In 1 124, Malachi O'Morgain, afterwards archbishop of Armagh, was made bishop of this diocese ; and is said by Bernard of Clarcvalle to have found the inhabitants *' Christians in name, but pagans in practice, caring neither for the rites of marriage nor of baptism, paying neither tithe nor first-fruits, and little better than beasts of the tield." A regular succession of bishops is traced — in a list of names at least— from Malachi O'Morgain to John, who succeeded to the see in 1440. This John, of whom nothing else is known, contrived in 1442 — in spite of both the archbishop of Armagh and the king of England — to induce Pope Eugene IV. to unite the sees of Connor and Down ; and from that d;ite onward they have been invariably united.

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 234

Malcomson's cotton manufactory and flour mills

Clonmel · town · Tipperary · 1829–1837

Mr. Malcomson established a handloom cotton manufactory in Clonmel employing 160 girls. In 1829 and 1834/1837, steam engines were erected in Clonmel and Suirville for brewing and flour-making.

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obvious that the care of so many horses, the wages paid to so many men, the building and painting and repairing of so many car«, the making and mending of so much harness, must give profitable employment to a great number of persons." Mr. Malcomson, an enterprising gentleman, and the proprietor of extensive tlour-milis in the town, established several years ago, at Clonmel, a handloom cotton manufactory, which gave employment to 160 girls. In 1829, a steam-engine of 10 horse-power was erected in a brewerv for grinding malt and pumping water; and, in 1834 and 1837* two of 30 and 25 horse-power were erected in mills, respectively at Clonmel and Suirville, for making flour. Fairs are held once a-month ; and annual fairs are held on May 5 and Nov. 5. Barges of from 20 to 40 tons burden navigate the Suir from Clonmel to Waterford ; they are of su(*h number and capacity as aggregately to carry 3,000 tons ; and they conduct a large carrymg trade, and charge to Waterford a freight of about 48. 6d. per ton. The improvement of the Suir navigation is a subject which has long excited great interest among the inhabitants of the town and the surrounding country. The Limerick and Waterford line of railway, as projected by the Commissioners, touches Clonmel at the distance of 115 statute miles from Dublin, and will effect travelling over the distance in 4 hours and 47 minutes. The pubbc conveyances, in 1838, were a coach to Dublin, a mail-car to Limerick, a car to Kilkenny, a car to Roscrea, a car to Thurles, two cars to Waterford, and two mailcoaches in transit respectively between Waterford and Limerick, and between Cork and Dublin. Branch otlices of the Bank of Ireland and the Provincial Bank were established at Clonmel in 1825 ; and a branch ollice of the National Bank in 1835.

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 219

Manor of Courtown and the Stopford peerage

Courtown · townland · Wexford · 1711–1796

An estate in the county of Wexford, originally granted to Sir Edward Fisher, was successively named Fishertown, Fisher's-Prospect, and Chichester before becoming the lordship of Courtown. James Stopford, who inherited the estate, was created Baron Courtown in 1758 and advanced to Earl of Courtown in 1762.

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in the territory of Hy-Rinselach, was meuhjJamn I. to Sir Edward Fisher, one of tbe Oommissioaati for settling the county of Wexford. This estate «m afterwards erected into a manor which was sveeessively called Fishertown, Fisher's-Prospect, and Chichester, and which constitutes the present lordship of Courtown. The estate speedily paased by nsrria^c to Edward, third son of Edward, Viseoast Chichester; and, in 1711* it was granted by Joha Chichester to James Stopford, Esq., who loqg lapresented in parliament first the borough, and aeit the county of Wexford. In 1758, James, tbe soa of the latter gentleman, was created Baron Courtova; in 176*2, he was advanced to the dignity of Esrl of Courtown; and, in 1796, James, the second Eiri, was made a Peer of Great Britain, by the title of Baron of Saltersford in Cheshire.
COURTSTOWN, a quondam eclebraled eutle, in the parish of Tullaroan, barony of Cramgh, aboat 7 miles west-north-west of Kilkenny, co. Kilkeaay, Leinster. Its site was at the base of a hill, and oa the edge of a rich vale, bounded by an range of heights; and, previous to the of a great extent of circumjacent wcxmI, it been distinguished for picturesque effieck The is thought to have been erected in the first qi of the 13th century; it is ascertained to have altered and enlarged so late as tbe reign of ' VIII. ; and it is traditionally said to have in both extent and splendour, every other this part of Ireland, except the Earl of castle at Kilkenny. The architecture wai irregular, of the style which ptevailed in tha aariy part of the 13th century, blended with many ft of the altered styles of after ages. An oatc enclosed an area of about an acre, had a round at each angle, and was perforated on the oooth «di by an embattled entrance, defended by two towers and a portcullis. The body of tha stood within the endosure ; consisted of a

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 234

Mansions and demesnes along Lough Conn at Crossmolina

Crossmolina · town · Mayo

Several notable mansions stood in the parish of Crossmolina along the shore of Lough Conn: Deel Castle (seat of Capt. Cuff in a wooded demesne), Gortner Abbey (Mr. Ormsby), Enniscoe (Mervyn Pratt), and Eappa and Greenwood (Messrs. Knox).

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CROSS.MOL1N A, a imrish. containing a town of the same name, in the centre of the l>arony of Tyrawley. CO. Mayo, Connaught. Length, 5^ miles; breadth, 4^ ; area, G7,'201 acres, 2 perches, — of which 3,()75acres, 2 perches, are in Ijough (^onn, and 468 acren, 10 perches, are in small lake^ Hut the length, as thus stated, is exclusive of (> milet of waste mountain. Pop., ill 1831, I1,G7U; in 1841, 12.22L Houses 2.l;i5w Pop. of the rural districts, in 1831, I0.IU8; in KH4I. 10,54U Houses 1,826. A very large |Mrt of the surface is waste mountain ; a large part also is bog ; inost of even the arable part is cold, naked, shivering, light, and wretchedly cultivated; and very little, except the demesne grounds, and some choice spots among the mountains and on the shore of Lough Conn, presents a pleasing appearance to the eye of either tourist or farmer. The two highest grounds are the suioinits of BulUunamore and Tnestagh mountains, l»oth situated on the southern bonier, and respectively possessing an altitude of 1.274 and l,0G7 feet above sea-level. The Deel river draiiw most of the surface eastward to the head of Lough Conn ; and a small part of that great and picturesque lake defines the parochial boundary. The chief roads are those from liollina to Belmullet, and Irom Crossmolina to Killalla. An extensive proprietor is Sir William Palmer, Bart. Among tbt mansions are Deel Castle, CapU Cuff, in the midst of a wooded and extensive demesne at the bead of I«ough Conn ; Gortner Abbey, Mr. Orm«by, al»o on the shore of the lake ; Enniscoe, .Mervyn iVatt, Esq., on the roa<l leailing to the Pontoon ; and Eappa and (ireenwood, Messrs. Knox, near the road to KillallA. The hamlets are numerous but poor. — This pansh is a vicarage in the dio of KillalbL Vicarial tithe (X)mpo»ition, X230; glebe, il54. The rectorial tithes, of the four parishes which constitute Crosa* . niolina l^enefice, are divided into three part*: one I |iart is compounded for £388, and is impropriate in the vicars choral of the two cathedrals of Dublin; another part is compounded for Jt*l49 34. 3d., and is appropriated to the precentorsbip ot' Killalla cathedral; and a third |»art is compounded lor £18 2s. I Oil., and is appropriateu lo the prebend of Errew in

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 234

Marble quarry near the Shannon at Clonmacnoise

Clonmacnoise · townland · Offaly

A quarry about a quarter mile from the Shannon produces a shell grey marble, variously tinted and of sound quality. Some 3,000 cubic feet of this marble were sent to the Killaloe Works, the principal marble mart and manufactory for counties Clare, Limerick, Tipperary, and Galway.

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CLONMACNOISE, a parish, and formeriy the seat of a bishopric, on the west border of the barony of Garr^castle and of King's co., 8 miles south bv west ot Athlone, Leinster. It contains the small town of Shannon-Bridge: which see. Length, south-south- westward, 7h miles; breadth, from 2^ to 4|; area, 22,417 acres, 23 perches, — of which 498 acres, L rood, 9 perches are in the river Shannon, and 186 acres are in Lough Fin. Pop., in 1831, 4,424 ; in 1841, 4,655. Houses 779. Pop. of the rural districts, in 1831, 3,865; in 1841, 4,257. Houses 712. The Shannon stagnates along the western boundary ; and the dismal bog-ditch of the Black water lies like an enormous snake along the heaths of the southern boundary. See Black water. About 3,240 acres of the parochial surface are hilly and craggy land, incapable of tillage, but serviceable for pasture; and about 7,000 acres are bog, partly reclaimed or meadowy, but chiefly waste, flat, cold, and dismal. The meadow ground lies principally along the Shannon, and is generally poor in quality. The soil of the arable grounds is light and sandy. Limestone is almost everywhere the immediate substratum ; and, when mixed with bog earth and clay, it makes an excellent compost manure. A hillock which bears uloft the old ca&tle of Leitra, has an altitude above sea-level of 174 feet; and Lough Fin, situated a little west of the centre of the parish, has a surface elevation of 133 feet, produces good pike and perch, and some eels, and is flanked on two sides with bogs, and on the other sides with low, treeless hillocks. A quarry, about one-fourth of a mile from the Shannon, produces a shell grey marble, variously tinted, and of a sound useful description ; and a few years ago, about 3,000 cubic feet of this marble were sent to the Killaloe Works, — ^the principal mart and manufactory for marble, within the counties of Clare, Limerick, Tipperary, and Galway. Nearly the whole surface of the district has a naked, dreary, monotonous, and repulsive appearance. The seats of TempledufT, Charlestown, and Black water, occur in the vicinity of Shannon- Bridge ; and a cluster of hamlets, consisting of Deverys, Derr^harney, Gahaganas, Lumcloon, and Clonlyon, is situated in the extreme east. The interior is traversed by the road from Ballinasloe to Ferbane and Tullamore This parish is a vicarage, and a separate benefice, in the dio. of Meath. Vicarial tithe composition, £264 7s. 3d. ;

Internet Archive parliamentaryga00unkngoog, Chapter 213

The Parliamentary gazetteer of Ireland

The stories, best first

Joyce Country: flat-topped hills and deep glens

Joymount castle built on monastery site by Sir Arthur Chichester

Kavanagh chief's rebellion and predatory warfare, 1590-1601

Kavanaghs of Borris and MacMorough lineage

Killballyown seat and Knockaney hill, Bruff

Killfenora turlough's remarkable grazing productivity

Kilmore episcopal demesne near Cavan

King Engus's church and St. Patrick's synod at Cashel

King James at the hill of Donore during the Boyne

King John's Castle, Carlingford: commanding the pass

King's County Blackwater and great bog of Shannon-Bridge

King William's camp at Golden

Kinnypottle Fort on Cavan outskirts

Knights Templar building vestiges at Cappagh

Knockalla mountain above Clondevadock parish

Knockbane summit in Clonoulty parish

Knockmany hill and Lumford glen in Clogher barony

Knockmealdown mountains as alpine watershed

Lady Farnham's public garden in Cavan

Lady Roche defends Castle Roche against Cromwellian forces

Lagan Navigation improvements

Landscape and church of Cloghane parish

Landscape and demesnes of Lower Cumber

Landscape of Clones parish

Lead mine and landscape of Clontibret

Legend of Clancarty's plate in Blarney Lake

Legend of Nectan's monastic church at Clogher, Louth

Legend of St. Patrick and the Rock of Cashel

Lick and Dune castles on the Kerry coast

Linen manufacture known as 'Coleraines' exported via Coleraine and Portrush

Lionel Duke of Clarence establishes exchequer at Carlow

Lisburn parish church serves as Connor cathedral

Loan Fund at Carrick-on-Shannon

Lord Bantry's mansion and wooded park on Bantry Bay

Lord Chichester's palace praised by 1635 visitor

Lord Clancarty captured and exiled after fall of Cork

Lord Lorton's Rockingham demesne at Lough Key

Lord Palmerstown's improvements at Cliffoney

Lough Bray in Wicklow and Surgeon-General's cottage

Lough Conn landscape and scenic demesnes

Lough Corrib islands with fortress and church ruins

Lough Corrib, largest lake in Ireland after Neagh

Lough Derg slate quarries near Castletown-Arra

Lough Gawnagh extending into Longford

Lough Graney, the Lake of the Sun

Lough Oughter scenery near Crossdoney

Lough Shillin on southern boundary draining via Inny

Lyrath, seat of Sir Cuffe near Blackrath

Maam-Turk mountains: steep chain pierced by passes

MacCarthy attacks Dungarvan by sea

MacCarthy castle site and chalybeate spring at Curragh

MacCarthy's fleet departs from Cork

MacDermot's Castle on Castle Island, Lough Key

Maiden Tower at the Boyne's mouth

Mail-road through Leighlin-Bridge

Malachi O'Morgain made bishop of Connor, 1124

Malcomson's cotton manufactory and flour mills

Manor of Courtown and the Stopford peerage

Mansions and demesnes along Lough Conn at Crossmolina

Marble quarry near the Shannon at Clonmacnoise