Pictorial and descriptive guide to the Lakes of Killarney, Glengariff, and south-west Ireland, including a guide to Cork.

Each story keeps the passage it was read from. Open one to read the passage as the book has it, and, where the companion has written its own telling, that too.

1. Glena Bay, the glen of good fortune

   Glena · townland · Kerry

   Glena Bay, meaning 'the glen of good fortune,' is a lovely bay entered after passing several islands including Stag Island, Burnt Island, Minister's Back, and Darbie's Garden. The voyage along the shore takes in the precipitous foot of Tomies Mountain.

   Read the passage

   which rises precipitously to a height of 2,413 feet. We see many beautiful islands, in whose rifted rocks the ash and the oak have anchored their strong roots, and creeks and promontories where the arbutus displays its brilliant berries and wild roses are plentiful. Passing Stag Island, Burnt Island, Minister's Back and Darbie's Garden, we enter the lovely bay of Glena, " the glen of good fortune," and seek out the charming Cottage built by Lord Kenmare. Here we find every accommodation for luncheon. The cottage is another of the " Queen's Cottages," and in Queen Victoria's diary the in-

   io8

   Internet Archive pictorialdescrip00ward_0, Chapter 53

2. Gougane Barra and its holy lake

   near Gougane Barra · population centre · Cork

   Gougane Barra, reached by coach through the Pass of Keimaneigh, was known for its holy lake. The return to Cork could be made via Macroom, making it part of a through-route.

   Read the passage

   Yet another good trip can be made by the coach which leaves daily about 1 1 for the Kyber-like Pass of Keimaneigh and Gougane Barra, with its holy lake. The return to Cork can now be made this way via Macroom : the route is fully described in the reverse direction on pp. 174-7.

   Glengariff to Bantry.

   Internet Archive pictorialdescrip00ward_0, Chapter 74

3. Gougane Barra the holy lake

   near Gougane Barra · population centre · Cork

   Gougane Barra is a celebrated "holy lake" situated a twenty-minute uphill walk from the coach-road cross-roads.

   Read the passage

   A word of explanation is necessary. The coach-road does not actually pass the celebrated " holy lake.'' When the halt is made at the cross-roads, it is a sharp twenty minutes walk mostlv uphill, to the lake, following the direction indicated by the sign-post. A char-a-banc is provided for coach passengers free of charge.

   The lake lies in a sequestered spot, environed on all save the eastern side by mountains of the steepest and most desolate aspect, which rise abruptly to a height of 1,800 feet. The dark shadows of these great overhanging cliffs are reflected in the glassy surface of the water. The lake itself is dark and lustrous as a polished slab of marble, and the gloomy grandeur of the cliffs is only relieved by the streams

   Internet Archive pictorialdescrip00ward_0, Chapter 81

4. Haulbowline Island naval dockyard

   near Haulbowline Island · townland · Cork

   Haulbowline Island serves as a most important naval dockyard and military station in Cork Harbour, with extensive works still in progress. Rocky Island to the south is used for ammunition storage.

   Read the passage

   At Monkstown the railway until recently ended, but the extension to Crosshaven is now complete, and the traveller bound for that place can keep his seat instead of having to change from train to steamer. Many passengers, however, if not pressed for time, still prefer to complete the journey by steamer, via Queenstown, as this affords an opportunity of seeing the Harbour. On leaving Monkstown, the Queensland steamer heads westward round White's Point for the channel between Great Island and Haulbowline Island. We have an excellent opportunity of seeing Haulbowline Island, and may even, if the tide permits, call at its pier, though an order must be obtained from the authorities before this and neighbouring islands can be visited. Haulbowline is a most important naval dockyard and military station, and extensive works are still in progress. Rocky Island, to the south, is principally used for the storage of ammunition. Spike Island, or Fort Westmoreland, still further south, is the largest of the group. It was formerly a convict station, and many of the government works were executed by convict labour. We see it to better advantage after leaving Queenstown.

   Queenstown.

   Internet Archive pictorialdescrip00ward_0, Chapter 23

5. Kilmallock, the Baalbec of Ireland

   Kilmallock · town · Limerick

   Kilmallock is noted for its numerous ruins including old castles, churches and spacious mansions, which attest its former magnificence and have given it the name of the Baalbec of Ireland.

   Read the passage

   Kilmallock is noted for its numerous ruins— old castles, churches and spacious mansions, which attest its former magnificence, and have given it the name of the Baalbec of Ireland.

   At Charleville, the direct line from Cork to Limerick leaves the mam line of the system.

   Internet Archive pictorialdescrip00ward_0, Chapter 14

6. Panorama from Mangerton summit

   Mangerton · townland · Kerry

   At 2,756 feet, the ordnance-marked summit of Mangerton yields a sweeping panorama of the three Killarney lakes, the Macgillycuddy Reeks, Carran Tual, the Shannon, Dingle Bay and the Kenmare Fiord.

   Read the passage

   By the time the ordnance mark on the summit is in sight, the path becomes less difficult, for we tread on a peaty soil. At the mound we are 2,756 feet above the sea, and a glorious panorama rewards our exertions. Away to the east, the Boggerah Mountains and the Paps loom cloud-like and blue ; far on the north, the river Shannon is just discernible, and nearer rise the Slieve Miskish Mountains ; on the west we view the rocky ranges of Iveragh, Dingle Bay and the Kenmare Fiord ; southward we see the distant Caha Mountains that shadow Glengariff and rise over Bantry Bay. But nearer there are greater charms of scenery, for the three lakes he at our feet, and we overlook their fairy islands. I he town seems but a stone's-throw away, and we can trace the roads that converge to it for many a mile into the country. Like silver threads, we see the streams and rivers running amongst verdant meadows, with the gem-like sheen of the arbutus bowers that gird the glancing lakes ; higher, is a darker zone of tasselled pines. The Macgillycuddy Reeks stand out m all their magnificence, Carran Tual like a monarch proudly overtopping all. Nearer yet, the Purple Mountain and the Tomies rear their^peaks ; and closer still are the Drooping Mountain and Tore.

   Internet Archive pictorialdescrip00ward_0, Chapter 46

7. Perched glacial blocks near Kenmare

   Kenmare · townland · Kerry

   Near Kenmare, glacial action left striking perched blocks: a huge block of Old Red Sandstone resting on a limestone pillar 6 feet high, and elsewhere a great block of limestone resting on Old Red Sandstone. These demonstrate the area's complex glacial geology.

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   from Kenmare to Killarney. Glacial lakes also abound in Kerry : Lough Coomanassig, 1,500 feet above the sea, is one. This basin was hollowed out by a glacier ; lower down the moraine blocked the valley, forming a second tarn — the eagle's lough. Ice helped to deepen, if not to form, the lakes of Killarney. Rounded and polished limestone is frequently seen, and many perched blocks — one near Dunmanway weighs some thousand tons. Near Kenmare may be seen a huge block of Old Red Sandstone resting on a limestone pillar 6 feet high, while in another direction a great block of limestone is found resting on Old Red Sandstone.

   Chalybeate springs are common in county Cork. Good slates are also found, and copper, but the latter cannot be profitably worked. Various coloured marbles are found ; anthracite coal is worked. Lead, iron, manganese and ochre are also found, and were once much more worked than now. County Cork has many caves and underground streams.

   Internet Archive pictorialdescrip00ward_0, Chapter 84

   As the companion tells it

   Somewhere around here, glaciers left stone balanced on stone. The ice that moved through Kerry hollowed out basins and piled moraines across valleys, forming tarns like Lough Coomanassig, 1,500 feet above the sea, and a second one lower down that the book calls the eagle's lough. Ice helped deepen the lakes of Killarney, if it did not form them. Rounded and polished limestone is frequently seen across this country, and many perched blocks. One near Dunmanway weighs some thousand tons. Near Kenmare, a huge block of Old Red Sandstone rests on a limestone pillar 6 feet high. In another direction, a great block of limestone is found resting on Old Red Sandstone. The ice carried each one and set it down where it did not belong, sandstone on limestone, limestone on sandstone, and there it has stayed.

8. Ruined Templenakilla Church near Waterville

   Templenakilla · ecclesiastical site · Kerry

   About a mile south of Waterville, on the road towards Derrynane, stands the ruined Templenakilla Church, passed on the left as the road winds upward towards Coomakista Pass.

   Read the passage

   Leaving Waterville, and crossing the bridge at its southern end, we enter on the most interesting section of the drive. Our road at first winds upwards, till at Coomakista Pass it is 700 feet above the sea. We get charming views of the mountains on the left, and of the almost circular bay, with its numberless islands, on the right. In about a mile we pass, on the left, the ruined Templenakilla Church. Driving on for about five miles, our road descends to the sea on the shore of Derrynane Bay, a small inlet of the Atlantic separated from Ballinskelligs Bay by Hog's Head and from the Kenmare estuary by Lamb Head, the most southerly cape of county Kerry. In Derrynane Bay are Scariff Island and many other rocky islets. On our right, close to the road leading to Caherdaniel, is a circular fort in remarkably good preservation. On the shore of the bay is —

   Derrynane,

   Internet Archive pictorialdescrip00ward_0, Chapter 65

9. St Colman's Cathedral, Queenstown

   Cobh · municipal district · Cork

   The richly decorated Roman Catholic Cathedral in Queenstown, dedicated to St Colman, is built in florid Gothic style with an elaborately carved west front. Though still incomplete, around £100,000 had already been spent on its construction.

   Read the passage

   The only notable building in Queenstown is the richly^ decorated Roman Catholic Cathedral — surely one of the most finely situated in the kingdom. It is dedicated to St. Colman, and, though still far from complete, should on no account be omitted from the programme of the sightseer. The style is a florid Gothic, the light and spacious interior being as pleasing to the eye as the exterior. The west front is elaborately carved. Funds are lacking to complete the tower, but we believe something like ^100,000 have already been spent.

   Great Island is five miles from east to west and two from south to north. The circuit of the island may be made from Queenstown in a drive or cycle ride of about two hours. The views are varied and pleasing, but nothing calls for remark except the occasional martello towers and the remains of Belvelly Castle, formerly a seat of the Hodnetts, but now, like much of the land hereabouts, part of the Barry estate. Great Island was at one time known as Barry more Island.

   Internet Archive pictorialdescrip00ward_0, Chapter 23

10. St. Finn Barre's Hermitage at Gougane Barra

    near Gougane Barra · population centre · Cork

    Gougane Barra is described as a holy lake and is the site of St. Finn Barre's Hermitage, which visitors reached via a side trip from the cross-roads during the coach interval.

    Read the passage

    Refreshments.— It is usual to stop at Inchigeela {Lake Hotel) for luncheon. Parties coming in the opposite direction, i.e. from Glengariff, may be advised to take luncheon with them, as the refreshments at Gougane Barra cross-roads are of a distinctly primitive kind, and it is too long to wait until the arrival of the coach at Inchigeela. The interval at Gougane Barra is, moreover, wanted for the side trip to the Lake and to St. Finn Barre's Hermitage.

    ALTHOUGH in reality an older route than the Prince of Wales route described in the last chapter, the Macroom, or " Tourists " route, was only properly opened in 1898, by the arrangement of inclusive fares for rail and coach. The road from Macroom to Glengariff has long been known to a few hardy and adventurous cyclists, but so far as tourists generally are concerned, we are safe in saying that it is almost terra incognita. We describe it here in the westward direction, as the scenery ahead is distinctly better this way ; but the route is, of course, equally available from Killarney and Glengariff, tickets being obtainable at either place, and at the principal stations of the Great Southern and Western Railway. The long chain of lakes at Inchigeela, the holy lake of Gougane Barra, and the Khyber-like Pass of Keimaneigh, make this route a very attractive one.

    Internet Archive pictorialdescrip00ward_0, Chapter 81

11. Stone fountain in Waterville memorial to James Butler

    Waterville · townland · Kerry

    The first object to arrest attention on entering Waterville, close to the Bay View Hotel, is a handsome stone fountain erected to the memory of James Butler. The village stands on a narrow isthmus between Ballinskelligs Bay and Lough Currane.

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    The village, which bids fair shortly to become a town, is largely resorted to by anglers, who find good sport in the lough and in the many streams and lakes in the neighbourhood. Fishing is, for the most part, free ; salmon and brown and white trout are plentiful. The first object to arrest attention on entering the place (close to the Bay View Hotel) is a handsome stone fountain erected to the memory of James Butler. Here is the junction with another road which comes directly through the mountains from Kiharney, thirty-seven miles distant to the north-east, passing attractive Glencar on the way (see p. 1 30). The village is a tempting place of sojourn, commanding magnificent views of the Atlantic on the one hand, and of the mountains on the other ; and it is within three minutes' walk of Lough Currane. There is excellent sea bathing, the sands being level for a considerable distance from the shore, and one of the prettiest golf courses in Ireland. The salmon hatchery is also worth a visit. Here, also, the Commercial Cable Company land two of their cables — the latest completed in 1894 ; and their station, with the houses of the officials, is quite a feature of the village. The instrument rooms and so forth may be inspected on application. Two other cables connect France, near Havre, and England, near Weston-super-Mare, with this point. Moreover, at Ballinskelligs, across the bay, directly opposite Waterville, the station of the United States Cable Company may be seen. The village is clustered on the banks of the little river, a few hundred yards in length, which carries into the bay the surplus water of —

    Lough Currane,

    Internet Archive pictorialdescrip00ward_0, Chapter 64

12. Venerable abbeys of Aghadoe, Inisfallen and Muckross

    Muckross · townland · Kerry

    The abbeys of Aghadoe, Inisfallen, and Muckross are described as venerable memorials of past piety looming over the placid waters of the Lakes of Killarney. Along with Druidic stone circles, these ruins enhance the natural beauty of the district with human sympathy.

    Read the passage

    Throughout the entire district, as if to enhance its purely natural attractiveness with the touch of human sympathy are scattered numerous memorials of the greatness or piety of the^past-the mystic stone circles wherein the Druids celebrated their mysterious rites; the venerable abbeys of Aghadoe, Inmsfallen and Muckross, looming out over the placid water of the lake, conspicuous in the landscape

    Killarney in the numberless objects of interest, scenic and historic, that it offers to the sightseer, may be said to present an embarras de richesse. ■" ^owhere in the kingdom," says a leading medical writer *

    Internet Archive pictorialdescrip00ward_0, Chapter 9

13. North Abbey fragments at Youghal

    Youghal · town · Cork · 1269

    Just beyond the town walls at the north end of Main Street stand the west gable of the church and a few other fragments of North Abbey, founded by a Fitzgerald in 1269.

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    Just beyond the town walls, at the north end of Main street, are the west gable of the church and a few other fragments of North Abbey, founded by a Fitzgerald in 1269

    From Youghal the tourist can take the half-hourly ferry and proceed to Ardmore (6 miles), with its interesting ecclesiastical remains (see our Guide to Water ford, etc.).

    Internet Archive pictorialdescrip00ward_0, Chapter 30

14. Glencar compared to a Swiss valley

    near Glencar · population centre · Kerry

    Glencar is described as resembling a lovely Swiss valley on a reduced scale, hemmed in by mountains in a great circle seven or eight miles in diameter. The district is growing in popularity and is much frequented by sportsmen.

    Read the passage

    " Here," it has been well said, " one may easily imagine himself transferred to a lovely Swiss valley on a reduced scale. The high ground where the hotel stands is nearly the centre of a great circle, seven or eight miles in diameter, hemmed in by mountains of varying height, and apparently cut off from the outer world save by the small pass by which we entered. About two and a half hours' stay is allowed here, and the cars take us to the boat at Blackstones Bridge, at the head of Lake Caragh. Instead of driving, the visitor may walk by the river along the fisherman's path, passing several rapids and large salmon pools, and through groves of birch trees. The surroundings of Lickeen House, at the end of the lake, rival the picturesque part of the Trossachs, but on a much smaller scale— the same abundance of moss-covered birch trees, quiet sylvan retreats, and glistening water everywhere meets the eye. Rowing down the lake, on the way to Caragh railway station, some very fine cliffs and headlands are passed, extending all along the lake on the east side, and the scenery is very varied and beautiful as we approach the end of our journey.

    W. Lawrence,]

    Internet Archive pictorialdescrip00ward_0, Chapter 60

15. Round Hill ancient stronghold at Lismore

    Lismore · town · Waterford

    The Round Hill, an ancient stronghold, lies near the south-side road between Cappoquin and Lismore. It was formerly known by the name now borne by the neighbouring town — Lismore, meaning 'the great fort.'

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    The road on the south side of the river affords most delightful views of the opposite and more wooded part of the valley. The tourist who makes it his choice must cross Cappoquin Bridge and then turn to the right. At the end of a mile he will be at the brink of the river, just opposite Salterbridge House, and for the next mile and a half will travel by the side of the stream. When he gets abreast of a wooded islet, he will rind that the road turns to the left, while on the right is the Round Hill, an ancient stronghold formerly known by the name now borne by the neighbouring town — Lismore, the great fort. At the end of another quarter of a mile the traveller must bear to the right, and then a straight mile or so lies between him and —

    Lismore,

    Internet Archive pictorialdescrip00ward_0, Chapter 32

16. Dominican Church of St. Mary's, Cork

    Cork · city · Cork

    The Dominican Church of St. Mary's, located a quarter mile along the north side of the river from St. Patrick's Bridge, is admired for the chasteness of its style and just proportions. Its Ionic portico is a prominent feature in views from the bridge.

    Read the passage

    Having regained St. Patrick's Bridge, a walk of a quarter of a mile along the north side of the river would bring us to the Dominican Church of St. Mary's, the Ionic portico of which stands out so clearly in the view from St. Patrick s Bridge. The church is deservedly admired for the chasteness of its style and its just proportions.

    On the opposite bank of the river, but not quite so far from St. Patrick's Bridge, is the Cork Opera House.

    Internet Archive pictorialdescrip00ward_0

17. Hore Abbey near the Rock of Cashel

    Hore Abbey · ecclesiastical site · Tipperary · 1278

    The Grey, or Hore, Abbey was founded by David MacCawell, Archbishop of Cashel, in 1278. It is a picturesque ruin about a quarter of a mile from the Rock but in full view of it.

    Read the passage

    of the Rock are among the finest in the country. The edifice was benevolently burnt in 149 c; by the Earl of Kildare because he thought the archbishop was within ! " This candid explanation, curiously enough, gained for him the appointment of lord-deputy of Ireland. Besides the Cathedral, there are on the rock Cormac's Chapel, built in 1127 and the palace of the kings of Munster, with its famous round tower, 90 feet high. The Grey, or Hore, Abbey, founded by David MacCawell, Archbishop of Cashel in 1278, is a picturesque ruin about a quarter of a mile from— but in full view of — the Rock.

    Passing Dundrum, we reach Limerick Junction (ref. room) where the Waterford, Limerick and Western Railway crosses the Great Southern and Western line. Leaving the station we have a good view leftward of the Galtee Mountains, which embrace some of the most lofty in the south of Ireland, the long hill of Slieve-na-Muck extending east and west in front

    Internet Archive pictorialdescrip00ward_0, Chapter 14

18. Innisfallen: Moore's fairy isle of the lakes

    Innisfallen · townland · Kerry

    Innisfallen, the most charming isle on Lough Leane, was made famous by Moore's verses. It possesses groves of arbutus, hill, valley, and meadow, with glassy waters reflecting the overlooking mountains under an intense blue sky.

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    certainly the most charming of the isles on Lough Leane, and made famous the world over by Moore's beautiful lines .

    "Sweet Innisfallen, fare thee well,

    Internet Archive pictorialdescrip00ward_0, Chapter 51

19. Bishop Delany statue in Cork

    Cork · city · Cork · 1890

    In the open space in front of the North Chapel's main entrance stands a bronze statue of Bishop Delany, D.D., erected in 1890. It commemorates the bishop alongside the cathedral founded by Dr. Moylan.

    Read the passage

    or the North Chapel. It was built in 1808, and boasts a massive and lofty tower, but architecturally it is not a success. The interior is in striking contrast to the plain exterior, and deserves to be seen, though the tourist may object to the over-elaboration of some of the details, and the almost gaudy appearance of the whole. A monument by Turnerelli, near the altar, commemorates Dr. Moylan, the founder of the cathedral, and in the open space in front of the main entrance is a bronze statue of Bishop Delany, D.D., erected in 1890.

    By following the squalid Old Chapel Lane up the hill, with the Fever Hospital on the left hand, one reaches the Old Youghal Road, which may be described as the " Northern Heights " of Cork, affording an excellent view over the city and harbour. The Barracks and camp field are up here, and the tunnel of the Great Southern and Western Railway, leading to Glanmire station, runs below.

    Internet Archive pictorialdescrip00ward_0

20. Caragh Lake described as beautiful and unspoiled

    near Lough Caragh · population centre · Kerry

    Caragh Lake is a beautiful sheet of water about six miles long and a mile broad in places, with a castellated hotel tower on its wooded shore. The guide notes it is to a great extent virgin touring ground, surpassing even Killarney in beauty.

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    [Hotel : Great Southern], a beautiful sheet of water about six miles long and in places a mile broad. Near the station is a fine hotel, under the control of the Great Southern and Western Railway Company, the white castellated tower of which, on the wooded shore of the lake, attracts attention from the railway. The pretty river Caragh, five miles long, connecting the lough with the sea, is famous for salmon and trout. Indeed, all the streams hereabouts are fishful. A salmon and trout hatchery has been constructed in the hotel grounds. Good rough shooting

    grouse, woodcock, duck, etc. — can be had in plenty on the

    Internet Archive pictorialdescrip00ward_0, Chapter 60

21. Corkbeg promontory, future island

    Corkbeg · townland · Cork

    The queer-shaped promontory of Corkbeg in Cork Harbour bids fair one day to add another island to the archipelago, as it appears to be gradually detaching from the mainland.

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    Leaving Queenstown, one service of vessels proceeds in a south-easterly direction to Aghada, but it will be more convenient to regard this as a separate trip {see p. 54), and to continue the description of the Crosshaven route. We round the ugly but useful Spit Light, and presently have on the right the fortifications of Spike Island (p. 48) and on the left the queer-shaped promontory of Corkbeg, which bids fair one day to add another island to the already numerous archipelago in the harbour.

    Carlisle Fort frowns above us on the east, and to the west we have a much indented coast-line, backed by hills and woods. Nearing Currabinny we sight to the right what is apparently a wide creek running inland as far as some woods, a mile or so away. , To this creek a pretty story is attached which Englishmen cannot but love to hear. In the first place the creek is not a creek at all, but a river, known variously as the Carrigaline River, or the Owenabwee, " Amber Water." Then, instead of a seeming course of one mile, it extends inland, after a sharp twist, for something like twenty miles, further, in fact, than to Kinsale Junction, on the Bandon line. For the first five miles or so, to the Carrigaline road, the water is fairly deep, and navigable at high tide. In the year 1587 Admiral Sir Francis Drake, having singed the Spaniard's beard and committed other enormities, found it convenient to show a glean pair of heels to a powerful

    Internet Archive pictorialdescrip00ward_0, Chapter 23

22. Crosshaven Village and Resort

    Crosshaven · town · Cork

    Crosshaven, a small village with a large hotel, served as a seaside resort for Cork City, easily accessed by railway and steamer. It offered proximity to Church Bay and Myrtleville Bay and was known for its winding, tree-shadowed lanes.

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    Crosshaven is as yet only a small village with a large hotel. Now that the new railway adds its quota of pleasure-seekers to those brought by the steamers, the small village is likely to become a large one, and the large hotel larger still. The railway from Monkstown to Crosshaven brings one through lovely country, passing Drake's Pool and Carrigaline Castle. Though itself somewhat sheltered, and denied an ocean view, Crosshaven is within easy distance of Church Bay and Myrtleville Bay on the coast. What Brighton is to London, Crosshaven is to Cork, and during the summer the accommodation of the place is sometimes severely taxed. Combined railway and hotel tickets are issued, and a week-end (Saturday to Monday) can be spent at the Crosshaven Hotel for 18/6, including fare from and to Cork. A modern Church stands close to the village. There are a number of pretty walks in the locality, the deep-set, tree-shadowed lanes, with their numerous twists and turns, reminding one of the famous Jersey lanes.

    On the hill above Crosshaven stands the desolate and forsaken ruin of Templebrady Church, a prominent object both from sea and harbour.

    Internet Archive pictorialdescrip00ward_0, Chapter 24

23. Fastnet Rock Lighthouse

    near Fastnet Rock · townland · Cork

    On the summit of the Fastnet Rock, about four miles west by south of Cape Clear Island, is a lighthouse whose light is 148 feet above high-water mark and visible for eighteen miles, with a flash of five seconds per minute.

    Read the passage

    three miles long by one and a half broad at its widest part. It is almost divided in two near its southern extremity. This, the highest part of the island, presents an inaccessible cliff to the sea, and— as every schoolboy knows— is the first land sighted by vessels on their approach from America. On the summit of the Fastnet Rock, distant about four miles west by south, is a lighthouse, the light of which is 148 feet above high-water mark, and is visible for eighteen miles. It has a flash of five seconds per minute.

    The island of Clear is called in the old Irish MSS. Inish Damhly, and m the ecclesiastical books, Insula Sancta Clara. It is so far from the centre of civilisation that the inhabitants have retained more of their original customs and lan guage than is the case in any other part of the United Kingdom.

    Internet Archive pictorialdescrip00ward_0, Chapter 78

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere around here, on the summit of Fastnet Rock, stands a lighthouse. The rock sits about four miles west by south of Cape Clear Island. The light is 148 feet above high-water mark and visible for eighteen miles, with a flash of five seconds per minute. Cape Clear itself is three miles long and a mile and a half broad at its widest. It is almost divided in two near its southern end. The highest part presents an inaccessible cliff to the sea, and it is the first land sighted by vessels approaching from America. The island is called Inish Damhly in the old Irish manuscripts, and Insula Sancta Clara in the ecclesiastical books. It is so far from the centre of civilisation that the inhabitants have retained more of their original customs and language than is the case in any other part of the United Kingdom.

24. Inchigeela as an angling destination

    Inchigeelagh · townland · Cork

    The village of Inchigeela, located ten miles from Macroom, is a popular destination for anglers due to the plentiful trout in its neighbouring lakes and rivers.

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    At Inehigeela (Lake Hotel) a halt is called. We are now ten miles from Macroom, and thirty-four from Cork. The village is mostly resorted to by anglers, trout being plentiful in the neighbouring lakes and rivers. Boats can be hired at sixpence an hour.

    Leaving Inehigeela, we commence the second section of the drive. It is a noteworthy feature of this route that it presents a sample of almost every kind of scenery. Macroom to Inehigeela is chiefly interesting for the prospect ahead ; Inehigeela to Gougane Barra for the soft loveliness of the lakes • Gougane Barra and Keimaneigh for stern, rugged, mountain scenery ; Keimaneigh to Glengariff for the fine distant seascapes and mountain backgrounds. Five miles after leaving Inehigeela village we have, close to the road, a chain of no less "than six lakes or " broads," the largest of which is Lough Allua. The lakes are really an expansion of the Lee. With their fringe of rushes, white water-lilies and setting of firs, the waters are distinctly picturesque, though they lack the overshadowing heights which give to the lakes of Cumberland and Westmorland so much of their grandeur. The curiously shaped height to the left, which has been for some time conspicuous, is the Sheehy Mountain (i,747 feet). The mountains now close in on either side, and three miles westward of the hamlet of Ballingeary, we stop at Gougane Barra cross-roads, twenty miles from Macroom.

    Internet Archive pictorialdescrip00ward_0, Chapter 81

25. Keimaneigh Pass: Khyber-like mountain defile

    near Keimaneigh · pass · Cork

    The Pass of Keimaneigh is likened to the Khyber Pass and, together with the holy lake of Gougane Barra, makes the Macroom route particularly attractive to travellers.

    Read the passage

    ALTHOUGH in reality an older route than the Prince of Wales route described in the last chapter, the Macroom, or " Tourists " route, was only properly opened in 1898, by the arrangement of inclusive fares for rail and coach. The road from Macroom to Glengariff has long been known to a few hardy and adventurous cyclists, but so far as tourists generally are concerned, we are safe in saying that it is almost terra incognita. We describe it here in the westward direction, as the scenery ahead is distinctly better this way ; but the route is, of course, equally available from Killarney and Glengariff, tickets being obtainable at either place, and at the principal stations of the Great Southern and Western Railway. The long chain of lakes at Inchigeela, the holy lake of Gougane Barra, and the Khyber-like Pass of Keimaneigh, make this route a very attractive one.

    The Capwell station at Cork is in the southern part of the city (see plan), about a mile from St. Patrick's Bridge. The railway journey presents some pretty pastoral scenery, but is chiefly interesting on account of the numerous ruined castles on either side.

    Internet Archive pictorialdescrip00ward_0, Chapter 81

26. Kinsale Captured After Cork Siege

    Kinsale · town · Cork

    Kinsale was captured a few days after the siege of Cork during the Williamite campaign, an event that gave rise to a famous Jacobite song.

    Read the passage

    dl Whennm due course, Charles II got his own again, he was proclaimed in Cork eleven days before that ceremony was performed in London. On the deposition of James II the city once more suffered for its loyalty to the Stuarts. Churchill appeared before its walls, at the head of an Orange army, and took it after a five days' siege, during which the city suffered severely. Kinsale, it may be noted, was captured a few days later; and this gave rise to the famous Jacobite song :-

    24

    Internet Archive pictorialdescrip00ward_0, Chapter 18

    As the companion tells it

    Coming up along Kinsale now. After James II was deposed, Cork stayed loyal to the Stuarts and paid for it. Churchill arrived with an Orange army and took the city after a five-day siege. Kinsale was captured a few days later, and that event gave rise to a famous Jacobite song.

27. Mathew Tower on Little Island, temperance memorial

    near Little Island · townland · Cork

    A conspicuous tower on a small eminence on Little Island, serving as a tribute to the memory of the Apostle of Temperance, Father Theobald Mathew. It stands nearly opposite Blackrock Castle on the northern side of the river.

    Read the passage

    We shortly cross a viaduct over the Douglas creek, and for the rest of the journey the railway skirts the water, affording, especially if the tide be up, some most entrancing views. Lough Mahon, as the wide expanse of the Lee is here called, has the appearance of a land-locked lake. It is bordered by hills and woods and far-stretching pastures, and dotted here and there with islands. The land to the north, nearly opposite Blackrock Castle, is not the mainland, but Little Island. Conspicuous on a small eminence is the Mathew Tower, a tribute to the memory of the Apostle of Ten iperance. Eastward, beyond the island of Fota, with its tower, is the lovely demesne of Lord Barrymore. Hop Island, close to Rochestown station, is said to have derived its name from the fact that the family to whom it belonged taught dancing in Cork.

    Passage West,

    Internet Archive pictorialdescrip00ward_0, Chapter 21

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere close to Little Island you will see a conspicuous tower on a small eminence. It is the Mathew Tower, a tribute to the memory of the Apostle of Temperance, Father Theobald Mathew. It stands nearly opposite Blackrock Castle on the northern side of the river, where the wide expanse of the Lee is called Lough Mahon and has the appearance of a land-locked lake, bordered by hills and woods and far-stretching pastures, dotted here and there with islands.

28. Mizen Head signal tower and Brow Head

    near Mizen Head · promontory · Cork

    Mizen Head, identified as Ptolemy's Notium Promontorium, is 765 feet high and has an old signal tower at its top. Brow Head lies just to the south, separated by Barley Cove.

    Read the passage

    almost insulate Mizen Head (the Notium Promonlovium of Ptolemy), the extreme south-western point of Ireland. The first view of this headland, 765 feet high, is peculiarly striking. At the top is an old signal tower. A little to the south, and separated from it by Barley Cove, is Brow Head. Three Castle Head, the extreme point of Dunmanus Bay, is so named from three old fortresses of the Mahony sept. The tiny town of Goleen is the nearest headquarters for the exploration of these crooked, sea-indented and almost unknown promontories.

    Resuming the railway journey eastward from Bantry to Cork, at Drimoleague Junction, we reach Dunmanway, formerly the seat of an extensive linen manufacture, established by Sir Richard Cox, Lord Chancellor of Ireland in the reign of Queen Anne.

    Internet Archive pictorialdescrip00ward_0, Chapter 79

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere about Mizen Head you are coming up to the extreme south-western point of Ireland, what Ptolemy called the Notium Promontorium. The headland stands 765 feet high, and there is an old signal tower at the top. The first view of it is, in the words of one old guide, "peculiarly striking." Just to the south, separated by Barley Cove, lies Brow Head. The tiny town of Goleen is the nearest place to set out from if you want to explore these sea-indented promontories.

29. Mountain Stage named from coaching era

    Mountain Stage · man-made feature · Kerry

    Mountain Stage takes its name from having been the stage-house in the days of cars and coaches. The railway line reaches over 400 feet above the sea at this point, described as a genuine mountain railway.

    Read the passage

    Leaving Glenbeigh, the line ascends and comes quite close to the coast, and we have superb views on the right of Dingle Bay and its background of lofty- mountains. We continue to ascend, and at Mountain Stage (so named from its having been the stage-house in the not very remote days of cars and coaches) we are on a piece of genuine mountain railway, more than 400 feet above the sea. The line presently turns inland to Kells (a small hamlet merely, and not to be confused with the several other Kells in Ireland). A long descent brings us to—

    133

    Internet Archive pictorialdescrip00ward_0, Chapter 61

30. Old Head of Kinsale promontory and lighthouse

    near Old Head of Kinsale · promontory · Cork

    The Old Head of Kinsale is a bold promontory whose name derives from 'ceann saille,' meaning a headland in the sea. Its summit is crowned by a lighthouse.

    Read the passage

    a bold promontory, the name of which — derived from ceann saille, " a headland in the sea " — is happily descriptive. The summit is crowned by a lighthouse. In the neighbourhood are the ruins of Courtaparteen Church and Ringrone Castle, the latter of which was built by Milo de Courcey, the ancestor of the present Lord Kingsale, premier baron of Ireland (the title goes back to 118 1). De Courcey was selected by King John as his champion in a quarrel with Philip of France ; and, being adjudged the conqueror— his rival ran away without striking a blow — received as a reward for his gallantry the privilege of remaining covered in the presence of his sovereign, a privilege still preserved.

    KINS ALE l73

    Internet Archive pictorialdescrip00ward_0, Chapter 80

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere about Old Head of Kinsale, this bold promontory takes its name from "ceann saille," meaning a headland in the sea. A lighthouse crowns the summit. In the neighbourhood are the ruins of Courtaparteen Church and Ringrone Castle, the latter built by Milo de Courcey, ancestor of the present Lord Kingsale, premier baron of Ireland. De Courcey was chosen by King John as his champion in a quarrel with Philip of France. His rival ran away without striking a blow, and De Courcey was adjudged the conqueror, receiving as reward the privilege of remaining covered in the presence of his sovereign, a privilege still preserved.

31. Rosslare Harbour new construction

    Rosslare Harbour · town · Wexford

    The Fishguard and Great Western Railway recently constructed new harbours on both sides of St. George's Channel to improve access to Ireland. Rosslare Harbour in Wexford is located 54 nautical miles from Fishguard Harbour and connects to principal Irish towns via express trains.

    Read the passage

    harbours on both sides of the St, George's Channel. The distance from Fishguard Harbour, on the Pembrokeshire coast, to Rosslare Harbour, in Wexford, is only 54 nautical miles ; and as the fast turbine steamers St. Patrick, St. George, and St David, specially constructed for this service, have a capacity of 22-L knots an hour, the passage is accomplished in under three hours. The Harbour Station at Fishguard is connected with the Great Western main South Wales line at Clarbeston Road, and London is thus brought within $i hours of the port, Cardiff and Newport about 2 hours, and Birmingham 6 hours. Express trains also connect at Rosslare with the principal towns and holiday resorts in Ireland. Fishguard Harbour is sheltered by high lands on south, east and west ; and to protect it on the north a substantial breakwater, 2,000 feet in length, has been constructed. There is sufficient depth of water to accommodate vessels of the largest draught at all states of the tide, amd it is claimed that the harbour is more free from

    6 GUIDE TO SOUTH-WEST IRELAND

    Internet Archive pictorialdescrip00ward_0, Chapter 12

32. Staigue Fort near Sneem

    near Staigue Fort · enclosure · Kerry

    Staigue Fort, near Sneem, is described as an almost unique example of an ancient Cathair, a pre-Christian stone fortification. It is one of the notable antiquities of Kerry.

    Read the passage

    Archaeology. — Antiquities abound in Kerry and in Cork, such as cromlechs, standing stones, or gallauns, some of which show writing in the Ogham character. The Bishop of Limerick collected stones with inscriptions in the Ogham character — so long undeciphered — and these may now be seen in the grounds of Parknasilla Hotel, formerly his own residence. Staigue Fort, near Sneem, is an almost unique example of an ancient Cathair. These are all pre-Christian, but early Christian and later architectural remains may be seen at Aghadoe, and elsewhere, and many are the holy places, islands, wells, etc., still the objects of pilgrimages or much-desired burial-places.

    For Index see pp. 183-8.

    Internet Archive pictorialdescrip00ward_0, Chapter 85

33. St. Mary's Church and Desmond college

    Youghal · town · Cork · 1464

    St. Mary's Church occupies the site of a pre-Norman church, was rebuilt by the eighth Earl of Desmond, who founded a college connected to it in 1464, and was restored by the 'great' Earl of Cork. The college in Nelson Street was once the residence of dramatist William Congreve and his father.

    Read the passage

    The town received its first charter from King John, and is said to derive its name from the Irish word for yew-wood, the hills having been formerly covered with yews. It was once strongly fortified, and a large part of its walls still stand on the western and northern sides. Cromwell entered it in 1649, by the Water Gate, and for a time made the town his headquarters. On the site of the ancient South Gate now stands a structure called the Clock Gate. In Main Street is an ancient tower known as Tynte's Castle. (It is on the right-hand side as one comes from the Clock Tower.) A few yards from this, a street on the left leads to St. Mary's Church, occupying the site of a church which existed before the Norman invasion, was rebuilt by the eighth Earl of Desmond, who founded a college in connection with it in 1464, and was restored early in the seventeenth century by the '"great" Earl of Cork.* (The college just mentioned is still standing in Nelson Street, close to the church. It was, for a time, the residence of William Congreve, the dramatist, and his father, the latter being the earl's agent.) The massive tower of the church has a height of 50 feet, and is known as Cromwell's

    * The first Earl of Cork, who arrived in Ireland in 1588, says in his autobiography : " All my wealth was £27 3s. in money, a diamond ring, a bracelet of gold, a taffety doublet, a pair of black velvet breeches, laced and cut upon taffety, two cloaks, competent in6Il a£d .necessaries> with my rapier and dagger." Before his death his income was at the rate of £5o a day, exclusive of the value of his houses and parks, ' '

    Internet Archive pictorialdescrip00ward_0, Chapter 29

34. St. Multose Church, a fourteenth-century foundation

    Kinsale · town · Cork · 1300–1399

    The Parish Church in Kinsale, dedicated to St. Multose, is said to have been built by that female saint in the fourteenth century. It is cruciform, with a curiously shaped west tower terminating in a broach spire.

    Read the passage

    Kinsale is built on the slope of Compass Hill, at the mouth of the river Bandon. It has a quaint appearance, its houses, many of which are evidently of Spanish origin, rising tier above tier on sites excavated out of the solid rock, some being perched on projecting crags. The streets follow the windings of the river ; and the ruins of the old fort, which was deemed impregnable until it fell into the hands of Marlborough in 1690, add piquancy to the outlook. There is a charming public walk, shaded by trees, around Compass Hill, which commands a series of good views of the harbour, the villages of Scilly and Summercove (the favourite quarters of summer visitors), and the entire neighbourhood. The only object of antiquarian interest in the town is the Parish Church, dedicated to, and said to have been built by, a female saint, St. Multose, or Multosia, in the fourteenth century. The church is cruciform, with a curiously shaped tower at the west end, the upper stage, of smaller dimensions than the lower portion, terminating in a broach spire.

    Kinsale was formerly governed under a charter of Edward III by a " sovereign " and other officials. It has an interesting history. The Spaniards frequently captured and held the place for longer or shorter periods ; and it took part in all the struggles between the Saxons and the " native Irish," from the time when Strongbow first subjected it to the English crown to its capture by Marlborough and the extinction of the hopes of the^last of the Stuarts. James II landed at Kinsale in 1689 to commence the campaign that ended so disastrously for him at the Boyne. For centuries Kinsale was the most important port on the coast, and though it has long since given way to Queenstown, its harbour is capacious and well sheltered, and it is still the headquarters of the important fisheries of the south of Ireland. The fishermen of the port are daring seamen and good pilots. The harbour is protected by

    Internet Archive pictorialdescrip00ward_0, Chapter 80

    As the companion tells it

    The road brings you through Kinsale, built on the slope of Compass Hill at the mouth of the river Bandon. It is a striking town, with houses rising tier above tier on sites cut out of the solid rock, some perched on projecting crags. The streets follow the windings of the river. The old fort, once thought impregnable, fell to Marlborough in 1690. The one object of antiquarian interest in the town is the Parish Church, dedicated to St. Multose, also called Multosia. It is said to have been built by that female saint in the fourteenth century. The church is cruciform, with a curiously shaped tower at the west end. Its upper stage is smaller than the lower portion and terminates in a broach spire. Kinsale has an involved history. It was governed under a charter of Edward III by a sovereign and other officials. The Spaniards captured and held the place more than once. The town took part in all the struggles between the Saxons and the native Irish, from the time Strongbow subjected it to the English crown to its capture by Marlborough and the end of the hopes of the last of the Stuarts. James II landed at Kinsale in 1689 to begin the campaign that ended so disastrously for him at the Boyne. There is a public walk shaded by trees around Compass Hill, commanding views of the harbour, the villages of Scilly and Summercove, and the neighbourhood. For centuries Kinsale was the most important port on the coast. It has long since given way to Queenstown, but its harbour is capacious and well sheltered, and it remains the headquarters of the important fisheries of the south of Ireland.

35. Thackeray's praise of the Killarney Lakes

    near Lough Leane · lake or lakes · Kerry

    After exploring the romantic and mountainous scenery surrounding the Killarney lakes, tourists may agree with William Makepeace Thackeray's assessment that the landscape is almost "too handsome."

    Read the passage

    The chief attraction of the district is the beautiful scenery surrounding the famous lakes, which are three in number, known respectively as the Upper ; the Middle, or Tore ; and the Lower, or more properly Lough Leane. The lakes are connected by a tortuous stream, called the Long Range, which winds in and out in the most pleasant manner. The lakes are fed by a number of mountain streams, their surplus water being discharged by the river Laune, which flows from the south-west corner of the Lower Lake to Castlemaine Harbour, on the coast of Kerry. The Long Range was admitted by Sir Walter Scott to be finer than anything in his beloved Scottish lake district. The head of the Lower Lake and the whole of the other two are surrounded by high mountains and scenery of the most romantic nature ; and after exploring the lakes as recommended in the following pages, we believe most tourists will agree with Thackeray when he pronounces them " too handsome."

    If the visitor is pressed for time and does not fear fatigue, he may, by " galloping over the lakes in one day," get a glimpse of their more prominent features. To do so, he may proceed by Aghadoe ; visit Dunloe Castle, and ascend Carran Tual, descending by the Black Valley ; and return by boat through the lakes. Or he may proceed back through the Gap of Dunloe, and home by Lord Brandon's Cottage, Derrycunnihy, Eagles' Nest, Tore and Muckross. Another one day excursion is by Aghadoe, Beaufort Bridge, through the Pass of Dunloe, and back by water from the head of the Upper Lake, visiting Dinish Island, O' Sullivan's Cascade, Innisf alien and Ross.

    Internet Archive pictorialdescrip00ward_0, Chapter 42

36. Lickeen House surroundings rival the Trossachs

    Lickeen · townland · Kerry

    The surroundings of Lickeen House, at the end of Caragh Lake, are compared to the picturesque part of the Trossachs in Scotland, featuring moss-covered birch trees, quiet sylvan retreats, and glistening water.

    Read the passage

    " Here," it has been well said, " one may easily imagine himself transferred to a lovely Swiss valley on a reduced scale. The high ground where the hotel stands is nearly the centre of a great circle, seven or eight miles in diameter, hemmed in by mountains of varying height, and apparently cut off from the outer world save by the small pass by which we entered. About two and a half hours' stay is allowed here, and the cars take us to the boat at Blackstones Bridge, at the head of Lake Caragh. Instead of driving, the visitor may walk by the river along the fisherman's path, passing several rapids and large salmon pools, and through groves of birch trees. The surroundings of Lickeen House, at the end of the lake, rival the picturesque part of the Trossachs, but on a much smaller scale— the same abundance of moss-covered birch trees, quiet sylvan retreats, and glistening water everywhere meets the eye. Rowing down the lake, on the way to Caragh railway station, some very fine cliffs and headlands are passed, extending all along the lake on the east side, and the scenery is very varied and beautiful as we approach the end of our journey.

    W. Lawrence,]

    Internet Archive pictorialdescrip00ward_0, Chapter 60

37. Chain of lakes at Lough Allua

    near Lough Allua · lake or lakes · Cork

    A chain of six lakes, the largest being Lough Allua, forms an expansion of the River Lee near Inchigeela, bordered by rushes, water-lilies, and fir trees.

    Read the passage

    Leaving Inehigeela, we commence the second section of the drive. It is a noteworthy feature of this route that it presents a sample of almost every kind of scenery. Macroom to Inehigeela is chiefly interesting for the prospect ahead ; Inehigeela to Gougane Barra for the soft loveliness of the lakes • Gougane Barra and Keimaneigh for stern, rugged, mountain scenery ; Keimaneigh to Glengariff for the fine distant seascapes and mountain backgrounds. Five miles after leaving Inehigeela village we have, close to the road, a chain of no less "than six lakes or " broads," the largest of which is Lough Allua. The lakes are really an expansion of the Lee. With their fringe of rushes, white water-lilies and setting of firs, the waters are distinctly picturesque, though they lack the overshadowing heights which give to the lakes of Cumberland and Westmorland so much of their grandeur. The curiously shaped height to the left, which has been for some time conspicuous, is the Sheehy Mountain (i,747 feet). The mountains now close in on either side, and three miles westward of the hamlet of Ballingeary, we stop at Gougane Barra cross-roads, twenty miles from Macroom.

    Gougane Barra.

    Internet Archive pictorialdescrip00ward_0, Chapter 81

38. Dunamase Castle ruins and Strongbow

    Park or Dunamase · townland · Laois

    The ruins of Dunamase Castle, once in the possession of Strongbow, crown the summit of a singularly-shaped rock known as Dun Mall or Dunamase near Maryborough. The castle is a notable landmark of the newly conquered neighbourhood.

    Read the passage

    range of mountains, brings us to Maryborough, standing on a small tributary of the Barrow. Its chief attractions are a bastion of the old Castle, erected when the town was built to overawe the natives of the then newly conquered neighbourhood ; and the ruins of Dunamase Castle, at one time in the possession of Strongbow. It crowned the summit of a singularly-shaped rock, known as Dun Mall or Dunamase

    At Maryborough the branch to Kilkenny and Waterford leaves the mam line ; and Ballybrophy station (ref. room) is the junction of the Parsonstown and Nenagh branches both of which open up the beautiful scenery of the Shannon. Then we enter the county of Tipperary and the province of Munster. At Templemore we find traces of the Knights Templars who founded the town and have left an interesting relic ' of one of their preceptories, now forming the entrance to the grounds of the Abbey. The view from the carriage window westward at this spot is interesting, as in the background are the famous Devil's-Bit Mountains. This range obtained its name from a legend that the Devil, being benighted and hungry on the summits, bit a piece out of one, but finding it too hard and tough to eat dropped it in disgust. The tourist will plainly observe a gap in part of the range, said to have been the Satanic mouthful. The « bit," we are told, formed

    Internet Archive pictorialdescrip00ward_0, Chapter 14

    As the companion tells it

    Near here, the ruins of Dunamase Castle, once in the possession of Strongbow, crown the summit of a singularly-shaped rock known as Dun Mall or Dunamase. The route here passes through Maryborough, standing on a small tributary of the Barrow. Maryborough's chief attractions are a bastion of the old Castle, erected when the town was built to overawe the natives of the then newly conquered neighbourhood, and these same ruins. At Maryborough the branch to Kilkenny and Waterford leaves the main line. Ballybrophy station is the junction of the Parsonstown and Nenagh branches, both of which open up the beautiful scenery of the Shannon. Then we enter the county of Tipperary and the province of Munster. At Templemore we find traces of the Knights Templars who founded the town and have left an interesting relic of one of their preceptories, now forming the entrance to the grounds of the Abbey. The view westward at this spot is interesting, as in the background are the famous Devil's-Bit Mountains. This range obtained its name from a legend that the Devil, being benighted and hungry on the summits, bit a piece out of one, but finding it too hard and tough to eat dropped it in disgust. A gap in part of the range is said to have been the Satanic mouthful.

39. Dunashad Castle ruins commanding Baltimore harbour

    Baltimore · town · Cork

    A rock commanding Baltimore harbour is crowned by the ruins of Dunashad Castle, and the Church has a fine tower. The harbour extends northward almost to Skibbereen.

    Read the passage

    There is a considerable coasting trade between Baltimore and Cork and other neighbouring ports. A rock, commanding the harbour, is crowned by the ruins of Dunashad Castle, and the Church has a fine tower. The Harbour extends northward almost to Skibbereen. The largest of the islands is Sherkin, situated at the mouth of the bay. It is about three miles long by two broad, and of old contained a Franciscan abbey and a strong castle. Both were destroyed by the irate citizens of Waterford, in order to punish the piratical proclivities of the O'Driscolls, the owners of this and the surrounding islands and of a slice of the mainland. The ruins of these edifices are interesting, but as they can be well seen from the Beacon, only enthusiastic antiquaries will go to the expense of hiring a boat to reach them.

    The Schull and Skibbereen Light Railway,

    Internet Archive pictorialdescrip00ward_0, Chapter 78

    As the companion tells it

    Coming up through Baltimore, out on a rock commanding the harbour, you can see the ruins of Dunashad Castle. The Church here has a fine tower, and the harbour runs northward almost as far as Skibbereen. There is a coasting trade between Baltimore and Cork and other neighbouring ports. Off at the mouth of the bay lies Sherkin, the largest island, about 3 miles long by 2 broad. It once held a Franciscan abbey and a strong castle, both destroyed by the citizens of Waterford to punish the piratical ways of the O'Driscolls, who owned that island, the surrounding ones, and a slice of the mainland. The ruins are interesting, but they can be seen well enough from the Beacon, so only enthusiastic antiquaries would hire a boat to reach them.

40. Flesk Castle battlements with lake views

    Killarney · town · Kerry

    Flesk Castle occupies an elevated position a little to the south of Killarney. From its battlements an extensive view of the lakes may be obtained.

    Read the passage

    The private residences in the vicinity of Killarney are numerous and worthy of their unrivalled environment. Killarney House, the magnificent Irish home of the Earl of Kenmare, adorns the crest of a hill at the west end of the town, surrounded by its splendid demesne and park of vast extent, skirting the Lower Lake. In the exquisite Italian gardens of the house a flower show is annually held, under the presidency of the Countess of Kenmare. The Annual Fete, under the auspices of the Gaelic League, is also held in the grounds. Muckross House (the seat of Lord Ardilaun), an Elizabethan mansion in white Portland stone, overlooks the Middle Lake, and is close to Muckross Abbey. The grounds are nearly 800 acres in extent. Here Queen Victoria and the Prince Consort were entertained on their visit to the lakes in 1861. Flesk Castle and Southhill House occupy elevated positions a little to the south of the town. From the battlements of the former an extensive view of the lakes may be obtained. Lake View House and Aghadoe House are situated on the western shore of the Lower Lake, and Cahernane House at its north-eastern end. The picturesque Park House takes its name from the Deer Park in which it stands, embowered in magnificent and aged trees. The grounds of all these residences are laid out with admirable taste and command delightful prospects. In recent years also a number of pretty villas have been erected in the neighbourhood of the town.

    Killarney was visited in 1897 by the present Prince and Princess of Wales, who were delighted with the beauties of the lakes. It was suggested at the time that Killarney would form an ideal spot for a royal residence. Indeed, it is believed that negotitations were actually entered into for the purchase of Muckross House.

    Internet Archive pictorialdescrip00ward_0, Chapter 36

41. Lord Kenmare's Cottage at Glena, a Queen's Cottage

    Glena · townland · Kerry

    A charming cottage at Glena Bay was built by Lord Kenmare and provided accommodation for luncheon. It is described as one of the 'Queen's Cottages,' and Queen Victoria's diary referenced it.

    Read the passage

    which rises precipitously to a height of 2,413 feet. We see many beautiful islands, in whose rifted rocks the ash and the oak have anchored their strong roots, and creeks and promontories where the arbutus displays its brilliant berries and wild roses are plentiful. Passing Stag Island, Burnt Island, Minister's Back and Darbie's Garden, we enter the lovely bay of Glena, " the glen of good fortune," and seek out the charming Cottage built by Lord Kenmare. Here we find every accommodation for luncheon. The cottage is another of the " Queen's Cottages," and in Queen Victoria's diary the in-

    io8

    Internet Archive pictorialdescrip00ward_0, Chapter 53

42. Lough Guitane on the Mangerton ascent

    near Lough Guitane · lake or lakes · Kerry

    A considerable and singularly lovely lake with three small islands, encountered about a mile along the path up Mangerton.

    Read the passage

    and a half reaches a stream and gives place to a mere path- It is usual and much safer to leave the ponies here and to ascend to the top on foot. About a mile on, the tourist comes in sight of Lou?h Guittane, a considerable lake singularly lovely, with three small islands on it. The mountain now becomes bleak and rugged, but, as we proceed, more and more interesting, the views increasing in grandeur with every foot of elevation. After some tough climbing we arrive at the curious lake which goes by the name of the Devil s Puneh Bowl. It is a tarn almost a quarter of a mile long, deep down in a dark gorge, and looking from the great overhanging steeps almost as black as ink. The water is cold as ice, and as unrippled as if it were really frozen over. No fish are found in it, though they are plentiful in the stream that flows out of it. The echo is fine, but rather peculiar ; it seems to ring round and round, as it bounds and rebounds from rock to rock. The Devil's Punch Bowl is said to have no bottom— at least, the bottom has never been fathomed. Charles James Fox had the temerity to swim right round the tarn when on a visit to the Earl of Kenmare in 1772.

    Internet Archive pictorialdescrip00ward_0, Chapter 46

43. O'Donoghue's Horse rock blown down in storm

    near Lough Leane · lake or lakes · Kerry

    O'Donoghue's Horse, one of the most celebrated rocks on the Lower Lake, was blown down during a storm and now lies submerged. Other named rocks—O'Donoghue's Table, Prison, Pulpit, and Library—yet survive.

    Read the passage

    which is studded by some thirty islands of varying form and character, some luxuriant with foliage, others barren rocks scarcely large enough to be called islets. O'Donoghue's Horse, one of the most celebrated rocks, was blown down

    IOO

    Internet Archive pictorialdescrip00ward_0, Chapter 50

44. River Laune outflow to Castlemaine Harbour

    near River Laune · river · Kerry

    The surplus water from the Killarney lakes empties into the sea via the River Laune. This river flows from the south-west corner of the Lower Lake to Castlemaine Harbour on the coast of Kerry.

    Read the passage

    The chief attraction of the district is the beautiful scenery surrounding the famous lakes, which are three in number, known respectively as the Upper ; the Middle, or Tore ; and the Lower, or more properly Lough Leane. The lakes are connected by a tortuous stream, called the Long Range, which winds in and out in the most pleasant manner. The lakes are fed by a number of mountain streams, their surplus water being discharged by the river Laune, which flows from the south-west corner of the Lower Lake to Castlemaine Harbour, on the coast of Kerry. The Long Range was admitted by Sir Walter Scott to be finer than anything in his beloved Scottish lake district. The head of the Lower Lake and the whole of the other two are surrounded by high mountains and scenery of the most romantic nature ; and after exploring the lakes as recommended in the following pages, we believe most tourists will agree with Thackeray when he pronounces them " too handsome."

    If the visitor is pressed for time and does not fear fatigue, he may, by " galloping over the lakes in one day," get a glimpse of their more prominent features. To do so, he may proceed by Aghadoe ; visit Dunloe Castle, and ascend Carran Tual, descending by the Black Valley ; and return by boat through the lakes. Or he may proceed back through the Gap of Dunloe, and home by Lord Brandon's Cottage, Derrycunnihy, Eagles' Nest, Tore and Muckross. Another one day excursion is by Aghadoe, Beaufort Bridge, through the Pass of Dunloe, and back by water from the head of the Upper Lake, visiting Dinish Island, O' Sullivan's Cascade, Innisf alien and Ross.

    Internet Archive pictorialdescrip00ward_0, Chapter 42

45. Sugarloaf Mountain above Glengariff

    Sugarloaf Hill · hill or hills · Tipperary

    The Sugarloaf is the prominent height to the right of the road descending to Glengariff, standing at 1,887 feet. It is described as the most prominent peak in the panoramic view of Kerry's mountains from the hilltop between Kenmare and Glengariff.

    Read the passage

    the mountains grouped about the head of Bantry Bay, towards which we now descend, great valleys, with here and there a mountain tarn, stretching away on either hand. The prominent height to the right is the Sugarloaf. Presently a glimpse is caught of the sparkling sea, and the driver points out, far below, the village of Glengariff, almost buried in foliage. But though the actual distance to the Glen is only five or six miles, it takes no little time to get down, the steepness of the mountain and the windings of the road necessitating a constant application of the brake. It is a remarkable tribute to the carefulness and competence of the drivers on this route that not a single accident has happened since it has been opened for tourist traffic. The driver will point out Lord Bantry' s Shooting Lodge some distance away on the right, and ahead the tourist will see for himself the noble expanse of Bantry Bay, and the island-dotted harbour of Glengariff.

    Internet Archive pictorialdescrip00ward_0, Chapter 71

46. Templemore and the Knights Templars

    Templemore · town · Tipperary

    Templemore was founded by the Knights Templars, who left an interesting relic of one of their preceptories that now forms the entrance to the grounds of the Abbey.

    Read the passage

    At Maryborough the branch to Kilkenny and Waterford leaves the mam line ; and Ballybrophy station (ref. room) is the junction of the Parsonstown and Nenagh branches both of which open up the beautiful scenery of the Shannon. Then we enter the county of Tipperary and the province of Munster. At Templemore we find traces of the Knights Templars who founded the town and have left an interesting relic ' of one of their preceptories, now forming the entrance to the grounds of the Abbey. The view from the carriage window westward at this spot is interesting, as in the background are the famous Devil's-Bit Mountains. This range obtained its name from a legend that the Devil, being benighted and hungry on the summits, bit a piece out of one, but finding it too hard and tough to eat dropped it in disgust. The tourist will plainly observe a gap in part of the range, said to have been the Satanic mouthful. The « bit," we are told, formed

    ThLf°Cl° fhel Vi6WS °f Which we get after Posing Tnurles, the seat of the Archbishop of Cashel and the site of the once great Cistercian foundation known as Holy Cross Abbey, from its having been built (1168-9) to hold a relic of the true cross It was here, in l8So, that the famous synod assembled, which, after condemning the Queen's Colleges as

    Internet Archive pictorialdescrip00ward_0, Chapter 14

47. Castlemary Cromlech near Cloyne

    Castlemary · townland · Cork

    Castlemary, located about a mile from Cloyne, possesses an interesting Druidical cromlech, a prehistoric monument noted along the route to Ballycotton.

    Read the passage

    The route (b), in the other direction, requires rather more notice. We skirt the harbour as far as Rostellan Castle, with its beautiful woods and grounds, to which visitors are freely admitted on Wednesdays. The drive onward to Cloyne and Ballycotton cannot for a moment be compared with the drives about Killarney, but it is pretty, and for cyclists the roads are distinctly good. Castlemary, a mile or so from Cloyne, possesses an interesting Druidical cromlech. At Cloyne (5|miles from Aghada) a halt is made and tickets collected. The town is remarkable for its famous Round Tower, which adjoins the Cathedral, and is in good preservation. It was originally 92 feet high, and, like others of its class, had a conical roof. Being fitted up with lofts and used as a belfry, the metal attracted" lightning, which rent the roof and tore away the upper portion of the wall. It has been repaired, and a battlement, which increases the height to 102 feet, placed round the top. The door is 1 1| feet from the ground, and the interior is divided into six storeys. The tower is cylindrical from top to bottom, and of an uniform diameter of 9 feet. The walls are 33 inches thick. The origin and use of these towers, of which there are more than a hundred in Ireland, and scarcely any elsewhere, is a question which has long puzzled antiquaries, but Dr. Petrie is

    5^ BA LL Y COT TO N

    Internet Archive pictorialdescrip00ward_0, Chapter 25

48. Cork International Exhibition 1902

    Cork · city · Cork · 1902

    The Cork International Exhibition was held in 1902 and attracted large numbers of visitors from all parts.

    Read the passage

    The walls were soon afterwards destroyed, and we hear little more of Cork as a military centre, though it maintained its reputation as " Rebel Cork " until well into the nineteenth century. Mr. Parnell, it will be remembered, was member for Cork at the time of his death, and the city very properly showed its respect for his memory by calling the former Anglesea Bridge by his name. In 1902 was held the Cork International Exhibition, which attracted large numbers of visitors from all parts.

    Literary Associations.

    Internet Archive pictorialdescrip00ward_0, Chapter 17

49. Curran educated at Midleton College

    Midleton · town · Cork

    The famous orator and statesman Curran was educated at the College in Midleton, a town that also derives importance from its extensive whisky distillery and flour mills.

    Read the passage

    There is not much of interest in the journey from Cork to Youghal, except near the commencement, when after passing the riverside suburbs of Tivoli and Dunkettle, we skirt the northern shore of Lough Mahon (see p. 46), and have some pretty peeps down the harbour. At Queenstown Junction the main line trains proceed in a southerly direction to Queenstown, but we continue due eastward. Midleton (population 2,795), about half-way to Youghal, is a military centre, but derives its chief importance from its extensive whisky distillery and flour mills. Curran, the famous orator and statesman, was educated at the College here. Close to the distillery is the ford which Raleigh defended singlehanded against Fitzgerald and his " wild Irish rebels " till his own troops came up. Scott alludes to the incident in Kenilworth, ch. xv. Midleton confers the title of viscount in the peerage of Ireland upon the Brodrick family.

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    Internet Archive pictorialdescrip00ward_0, Chapter 28

50. Dean Swift's residence at Unionhall

    Unionhall · town · Cork

    Unionhall is picturesquely situated beside Glandore Harbour, and Dean Swift lived there for a period. Glandore, on the other side of the harbour, was noted for its noticeably mild climate and would make a charming winter resort for invalids.

    Read the passage

    Unionhall and Glandore are picturesquely situated on either side of the far-reaching islet known as Glandore Harbour. Dean Swift lived for a period at Unionhall. Glandore would make a charming winter resort for invalids, the climate being noticeably mild, though this characteristic distinguishes more or less the whole of the south-west of Ireland.

    Leap stands at the mouth of a small stream of the same name, of old considered the boundary between civilisation

    Internet Archive pictorialdescrip00ward_0, Chapter 77

    As the companion tells it

    Coming through Unionhall now, beside Glandore Harbour. Dean Swift lived here for a time, and you can see why he might have liked it. The harbour stretches far between Unionhall and Glandore on the other side. The climate across this whole stretch of the south-west is noticeably mild, and Glandore in particular was once thought a charming winter resort for invalids.

51. Early Christian remains at Aghadoe

    Aghadoe · parish · Kerry

    Aghadoe preserves early Christian and later architectural remains, making it a notable historic site in Kerry. The area also features holy places, islands, and wells that remain objects of pilgrimage or desired burial-places.

    Read the passage

    Archaeology. — Antiquities abound in Kerry and in Cork, such as cromlechs, standing stones, or gallauns, some of which show writing in the Ogham character. The Bishop of Limerick collected stones with inscriptions in the Ogham character — so long undeciphered — and these may now be seen in the grounds of Parknasilla Hotel, formerly his own residence. Staigue Fort, near Sneem, is an almost unique example of an ancient Cathair. These are all pre-Christian, but early Christian and later architectural remains may be seen at Aghadoe, and elsewhere, and many are the holy places, islands, wells, etc., still the objects of pilgrimages or much-desired burial-places.

    For Index see pp. 183-8.

    Internet Archive pictorialdescrip00ward_0, Chapter 85

52. Elizabeth Fort overlooking Bishop Street

    near Elizabeth Fort · street · Cork

    Elizabeth Fort's dingy wall is visible high up on the left when proceeding westward by Bishop Street from Sullivan's Quay and French's Quay in Cork.

    Read the passage

    Crossing the South Channel by Parliament Bridge, with its single arch, we turn westward by Sullivan's Quay and French's Quay to Bishop Street, noticing high up on the left the dingy wall of Elizabeth Fort. We now reach what is by far the most noteworthy and imposing building in Cork,

    St. Fin Barre's Cathedral,

    Internet Archive pictorialdescrip00ward_0, Chapter 16

53. Fermoy garrison town on the Blackwater

    Fermoy · townland · Cork

    Fermoy is a comparatively modern town of nearly seven thousand inhabitants on the River Blackwater, with large military barracks housing both infantry and cavalry. It serves as a centre for anglers and as a base for visiting Mitchelstown caves.

    Read the passage

    Fermoy is pleasantly situated on the Blackwater, and contains nearly seven thousand inhabitants, besides the troops, both infantry and cavalry, quartered in the large barracks. Being comparatively modern, there is little in the town to interest the tourist, but it is a good centre for anglers, and, having railway communication with Mitchelstown, about ten miles to the north, is a convenient spot from which to visit the celebrated caves and castle {see our Guide to Water ford). The caves are smaller than the Peak Cavern, but are richer than it in stalactites. They are more extensive than Cox's Cave at Cheddar but less beautiful. A low narrow passage gives place to a tunnel of ampler dimensions, leading to a large, circular chamber called the House of Commons. Near this another passage leads past a number of fluted musical columns, appropriately named the " Organ," to the House of Lords, a capacious and well-lighted cavern containing many beautiful and fantastic formations. From the House of Commons access is obtained to Sadleir's Cave, containing an immense stalactite that ha* been humorously

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    Internet Archive pictorialdescrip00ward_0, Chapter 34

54. Finest general view of the Killarney lakes

    near Upper Lake · lake or lakes · Kerry

    The finest general view of the Killarney lake country is from the elevated ridges at the southern end of the Upper Lake on the road from Glengariff. At a sudden turn, all three lakes are revealed at once, lying in their valley amid encircling hills.

    Read the passage

    The finest general view of the lake country is that from the elevated ridges at the southern end of the Upper Lake on the road from Glengariff. Here at a sudden turn, as at the lifting of a curtain, the three lakes flash upon the eye at a glance, lying in their wondrous valley as if sleeping secure in the guardianship of the encircling hills

    Throughout the entire district, as if to enhance its purely natural attractiveness with the touch of human sympathy are scattered numerous memorials of the greatness or piety of the^past-the mystic stone circles wherein the Druids celebrated their mysterious rites; the venerable abbeys of Aghadoe, Inmsfallen and Muckross, looming out over the placid water of the lake, conspicuous in the landscape

    Internet Archive pictorialdescrip00ward_0, Chapter 9

55. Great perched block near Dunmanway

    Dunmanway · town · Cork

    Near Dunmanway in County Cork, a perched glacial block weighing some thousand tons can be seen. It is a notable example of glacial deposition in the region.

    Read the passage

    from Kenmare to Killarney. Glacial lakes also abound in Kerry : Lough Coomanassig, 1,500 feet above the sea, is one. This basin was hollowed out by a glacier ; lower down the moraine blocked the valley, forming a second tarn — the eagle's lough. Ice helped to deepen, if not to form, the lakes of Killarney. Rounded and polished limestone is frequently seen, and many perched blocks — one near Dunmanway weighs some thousand tons. Near Kenmare may be seen a huge block of Old Red Sandstone resting on a limestone pillar 6 feet high, while in another direction a great block of limestone is found resting on Old Red Sandstone.

    Chalybeate springs are common in county Cork. Good slates are also found, and copper, but the latter cannot be profitably worked. Various coloured marbles are found ; anthracite coal is worked. Lead, iron, manganese and ochre are also found, and were once much more worked than now. County Cork has many caves and underground streams.

    Internet Archive pictorialdescrip00ward_0, Chapter 84

56. Lord Bantry's Shooting Lodge near Glengariff

    Glengarriff · townland · Cork

    Lord Bantry's Shooting Lodge is pointed out to tourists on the road descending toward Glengariff, situated some distance away on the right. From the same vantage, the tourist sees the noble expanse of Bantry Bay.

    Read the passage

    the mountains grouped about the head of Bantry Bay, towards which we now descend, great valleys, with here and there a mountain tarn, stretching away on either hand. The prominent height to the right is the Sugarloaf. Presently a glimpse is caught of the sparkling sea, and the driver points out, far below, the village of Glengariff, almost buried in foliage. But though the actual distance to the Glen is only five or six miles, it takes no little time to get down, the steepness of the mountain and the windings of the road necessitating a constant application of the brake. It is a remarkable tribute to the carefulness and competence of the drivers on this route that not a single accident has happened since it has been opened for tourist traffic. The driver will point out Lord Bantry' s Shooting Lodge some distance away on the right, and ahead the tourist will see for himself the noble expanse of Bantry Bay, and the island-dotted harbour of Glengariff.

    Internet Archive pictorialdescrip00ward_0, Chapter 71

    As the companion tells it

    As the road descends toward Glengariff, Lord Bantry's Shooting Lodge sits somewhere near here. The mountains group about the head of Bantry Bay, great valleys stretching away on either hand, with here and there a mountain tarn. The Sugarloaf stands prominent to one side. Presently a glimpse is caught of the sparkling sea, and the village of Glengariff lies far below, almost buried in foliage. The actual distance to the Glen is only 5 or 6 miles, but it takes no little time to get down. The steepness of the mountain and the windings of the road necessitate a constant application of the brake. It is a remarkable tribute to the carefulness and competence of the drivers on this route that not a single accident has happened since it has been opened for tourist traffic. Ahead lies the noble expanse of Bantry Bay, and the island-dotted harbour of Glengariff.

57. Lough Leane: lake of learning and religious houses

    near Lough Leane · lake or lakes · Kerry

    The Lower Lake's proper name is Lough Leane, meaning 'the lake of learning,' probably derived from the fact that three religious establishments once stood on its shores. It measures more than five miles long by three wide.

    Read the passage

    The Lower Lake is more than five miles long by three wide ; its proper name is Lough Leane (" the lake of learning "), probably derived from the fact that there were three religious establishments on its shores. We first visit —

    Ross Island,

    Internet Archive pictorialdescrip00ward_0, Chapter 50

58. Lough Mahon, the lake-like expanse of the Lee

    near Lough Mahon · channel sound · Cork

    The wide expanse of the River Lee at this point is called Lough Mahon and has the appearance of a land-locked lake. It is bordered by hills, woods, far-stretching pastures, and dotted with islands.

    Read the passage

    We shortly cross a viaduct over the Douglas creek, and for the rest of the journey the railway skirts the water, affording, especially if the tide be up, some most entrancing views. Lough Mahon, as the wide expanse of the Lee is here called, has the appearance of a land-locked lake. It is bordered by hills and woods and far-stretching pastures, and dotted here and there with islands. The land to the north, nearly opposite Blackrock Castle, is not the mainland, but Little Island. Conspicuous on a small eminence is the Mathew Tower, a tribute to the memory of the Apostle of Ten iperance. Eastward, beyond the island of Fota, with its tower, is the lovely demesne of Lord Barrymore. Hop Island, close to Rochestown station, is said to have derived its name from the fact that the family to whom it belonged taught dancing in Cork.

    Passage West,

    Internet Archive pictorialdescrip00ward_0, Chapter 21

59. Brickeen and Dinish Islands bridge connection

    near Dinish Island · townland · Kerry

    The road runs over Brickeen Bridge to Brickeen Island, which is joined to Dinish Island by another bridge. Dinish Island contains a neat cottage offering refreshments and provides a view of Old Weir Bridge and the Meeting of the Waters.

    Read the passage

    Quitting the demesne and returning to our car, we proceed through the penmsula of Muckross. The road now runs over Brickeen Bridge to Brickeen Island, which is joined to Dinish Island by another bridge. On Dinish Island is a neat Cottage, where visitors can obtain tea and light refreshments. Here we leave the car to follow on foot a little path by the cottage, which brings us to a spot where can be obtained a view of Old Weir Bridge and the famous " Meeting of the Waters."

    Mounting once more, we still keep Tore Lake on the left until we reach the main road leading to the Long Range and the Upper Lake. Do not omit to aak the driver to

    Internet Archive pictorialdescrip00ward_0, Chapter 44

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere around here, the road runs over Brickeen Bridge to Brickeen Island, which is joined to Dinish Island by another bridge. On Dinish Island there is a neat cottage where visitors can obtain tea and light refreshments. A little path by the cottage brings you to a spot with a view of Old Weir Bridge and the famous "Meeting of the Waters."

60. Carrignamuck Castle at Dripsey

    Carrignamuck · townland · Cork

    The remains of Carrignamuck Castle stand at Dripsey, described as a companion fortress to Blarney and said to have been built by the same lord. Dripsey itself is noted as a place of much picturesqueness.

    Read the passage

    The principal stations on the Coachford line are at Cloghroe near to which is Ardrum Castle ; Dripsey, a place of much picturesqueness, containing the remains of Carrignamuck Castle, a kind of companion fortress to Blarney, and said to have been built by the same lord ; and Coachford, a prettily situated village much favoured by anglers.

    Following the Blarney branch line we pass the wayside station at Tower Bridge, and draw up at St. Ann's, near to whicfo is the well-known St. Ann's Hill Hydropathic Establishment, founded in 1843 by the late Dr. Barter, and entitled to be considered the precursor of the many establishments of the kind now in existence,* It is picturesquely situated on a sandy soil, and, though elevated, is sheltered by wooded hills. These advantages, combined with the mildness and salubrity of the climate, have made St. Ann's a favourite health resort.

    Internet Archive pictorialdescrip00ward_0, Chapter 26