Sketches in Carbery, county Cork, : its antiquities, history, legends, and topography

Each story keeps the passage it was read from. Open one to read the passage as the book has it, and, where the companion has written its own telling, that too.

1. Nelson Monument erected after Trafalgar

   Castlehaven · townland · Cork · 1805–1806

   On a high eminence overlooking the demesne and harbour stands a rude heap and archway of stones called the Nelson Monument. It was erected shortly after the Battle of Trafalgar by sailors of a sloop of war stationed in Castlehaven, though the inscription has been effaced by weather.

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   declivities of the hill sides, and discharge their waters into this estuary. On the west side of the harhour on a high eminence, wooded to the top and overlooking the demesne and harhour, a rude heap and archway of stones, called the Nelson Monument, may be observed. It was erected shortly after the battle of Trafalgar, to commemorate that event, by the sailors of a sloop of war stationed in Castlehaven at the time. An inscription, detailing the cause and date of its erection, was engraved on a slab at the base of the monument; but time and exposure to the weather have managed to efface the letters most effectually.

   Since the visit of the Spaniards in the commencement of the 17th century, perhaps no event down to the present time has created more excitement amongst the inhabitants than the visit of a large herd of whales, which ran into Castlehaven during the winter of 1855, one of the severest winters on record in this country. They forced their way up the Eineen river, but—the tide receding left the greater number floundering on the mud-banks. The leader of the flock was harpooned near the harbour's mouth by the late T. Atteridge, Esq., of Castletownsend, but, instead of forcing his way out to sea, he steered his course up the river towards Eineen (almost the entire herd following in his wake to the number of about fifty), towing the boat after him at railway speed. The leader measured twenty-five feet in length. The whales were of a species, small in size, called the round-headed Eorpoise or Caaing whale (Phocaena Melas). The people from the country round assembled in large numbers, and with hatchets, harpoons, pikes, and any weapons they could seize on, soon despatched their captives : how-

   Internet Archive sketchesincarber00dono, Chapter 10

   As the companion tells it

   Somewhere around here, on a high eminence, wooded to the top and overlooking the harbour and demesne, stands a rude heap and archway of stones called the Nelson Monument. It was erected shortly after the Battle of Trafalgar to commemorate that event, by the sailors of a sloop of war stationed in Castlehaven at the time. An inscription was engraved on a slab at the base of the monument, detailing the cause and date of its erection, but time and exposure to the weather have effaced the letters most effectually. The material connects this ground to another kind of visit. Since the Spaniards came in the commencement of the 17th century, perhaps no event created more excitement among the inhabitants than the visit of a large herd of whales that ran into Castlehaven during the winter of 1855, one of the severest winters on record in this country. They forced their way up the Eineen river, but the tide receding left the greater number floundering on the mud-banks. The leader of the flock was harpooned near the harbour's mouth by T. Atteridge of Castletownsend, but instead of forcing his way out to sea, he steered his course up the river towards Eineen, almost the entire herd following in his wake to the number of about fifty, towing the boat after him at railway speed. The leader measured 25 feet in length. The whales were of a species small in size called the round-headed porpoise or caaing whale. People from the country round assembled in large numbers, and with hatchets, harpoons, pikes, and any weapons they could seize on, soon despatched their captives.

2. Skibbereen's ecclesiastical buildings

   Skibbereen · town · Cork

   Approaching Skibbereen from the Cork side, a group of fine ecclesiastical buildings on an elevated plateau arrests attention, consisting of a cathedral, convent, commodious schools, and a pretty Gothic chapel. These structures mark the beginning of the town and serve as the seat of the Catholic Bishop of Ross.

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   " Some twenty years after the famine-scourge had passed away, and oyer two millions of the Irish people with it, I visited Skibbereen. Approaching the town from the (. ork side it looks rather an important place. It is the seat of the Catholic Bishop of Ross, and attention is immediately arrested by a group of fine ecclesiastical buildings on an elevated plateau to the left, just beside the road, or street I should rather say, for those buildings are the beginning of the town ;- they consist of a cathedral and a convent, with very commodious schools, and a pretty Gothic chapel. On the other side of the way is the schoolhouse, in shade of which the military were concealed on the day the Caharagh labourers invaded Skibbereen. A short distance beyond the town, the wooded hill of Knockomagh, rising to a considerable height, overhangs Lough Hyne, one of the most beautiful spots in Ireland. Some miles to the westward lies the pretty island of Sherkin, which, with Tullagh to the east, makes the charming little bay of Baltimore completely land-locked. Out in front of all, like a giant sentinel, stands the island of Cape Clear, breasting with its defiant strength that vast ocean whose waves foam around it, lashing its shores and rushing up its crannied bluffs, still and for ever to be flung back in shattered spray by those bold and rocky headlands.

   Internet Archive sketchesincarber00dono, Chapter 7

   As the companion tells it

   Approaching Skibbereen from the Cork side, it looks rather an important place. It is the seat of the Catholic Bishop of Ross, and attention is immediately arrested by a group of fine ecclesiastical buildings on an elevated plateau just beside the road, or street, as those buildings are the beginning of the town. They consist of a cathedral and a convent, with very commodious schools, and a pretty Gothic chapel. On the other side of the way is the schoolhouse, in shade of which the military were concealed on the day the Caharagh labourers invaded Skibbereen. This was some twenty years after the famine-scourge had passed away, and over two millions of the Irish people with it. A short distance beyond the town, the wooded hill of Knockomagh, rising to a considerable height, overhangs Lough Hyne, one of the most beautiful spots in Ireland. Some miles to the westward lies the pretty island of Sherkin, which, with Tullagh to the east, makes the charming little bay of Baltimore completely land-locked. Out in front of all, like a giant sentinel, stands the island of Cape Clear, breasting with its defiant strength that vast ocean whose waves foam around it, lashing its shores and rushing up its crannied bluffs, still and for ever to be flung back in shattered spray by those bold and rocky headlands.

3. St. John's Eve bonfires on hills around Rosscarbery

   Ross Carbery · town · Cork

   On St. John's night bonfires blazed on every hill around Rosscarbery and throughout the countryside, continuing a custom whose origin traces back over two thousand years to pagan Bel-teine fires. The author notes that while Druids lit fires to propitiate Baal, modern fires commemorated the advent of a saintly man.

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   Of late years the numbers visiting the tomb on St. John's eve have fallen off somewhat. On St. John's night all the hills in the neighbourhood of Eoss, and, in fact, throughout the country, present a sight most interesting to the student of the picturesque and antique ; bonfires blaze in every direction. It shows how some of the old customs are still observed even in* the nineteenth century, and that the practice, whose origin carries us back into the shadowy past of over two thousand years ago, still lingers on at the present day.

   It is said by historians that St. Patrick, when converting the people of Ireland, engrafted several of the pagan rites on Christian observance so as to gradually smooth the way to a complete reform. One of the most ancient pagan superstitions was the

   Internet Archive sketchesincarber00dono, Chapter 15

   As the companion tells it

   As you come through Ross Carbery, the hills all around here used to blaze with bonfires on St. John's night. Every hill in the neighbourhood, and throughout the country, would be lit up, a sight the author called most interesting to the student of the picturesque and antique. The practice carries back over 2,000 years into pagan Bel-teine fires, when Druids lit fires to propitiate Baal. The modern fires commemorated the advent of a saintly man instead. It is said St. Patrick, when converting the people of Ireland, engrafted several pagan rites onto Christian observance to gradually smooth the way to reform. Of late years the numbers visiting the tomb on St. John's Eve have fallen off somewhat, but the old custom still lingered on into the 19th century.

4. St. Kieran's episcopal throne preserved at St. Canice's, Kilkenny

   Kilkenny · city · Kilkenny

   The stone episcopal throne or chair of St. Kieran is still preserved in the ancient church of St. Canice in Kilkenny, standing in the north transept. Made of stone with graceful proportions, it serves as a tangible relic of the early Irish church.

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   ing the people of Cape Clear and Corca Laidhe (Carbery), proceededto Ossory, where he founded a bishop's see at Saigher, called after him Serkieran a townland in the parish of same name in the barony of- Bally britain, King's County. The ruins of an ancient church point out where he settled. The episcopal throne, or chair, of St. Kieran, is still preserved in the beautiful and ancient church of St. Canice, Kilkenny ; it is made of stone, of graceful proportions, and stands in the north transept. As additional evidence and authority, besides Ussher and the " Annals of Innisfallen," we find the following remarks by "Wright : — "This patriarch (St.-Ciaran) is believed to have preceded St. Patrick by thirty years in his holy mission, and to have been the first to preach Christianity in Ireland." Wills also mentions the following : — " At the coming of St. Patrick, four Cbristian preachers are mentioned by old Irish testimonies to have been before him and still living in his time — these were Ailbe, afterwards first bishop of Emly; Declan of Ardmore; Kieran of Saigre (by successive translation removed to Kilkenny) ; and Ibar of Beg Iri, a small island off the Wexford coast."

   Of all these St. Kieran was the most prominent and distinguished, and the truth of his claims to antecedence can hardly be disputed when written history and tradition proclaim the fact so unmistakably. It is a subject of much interest, especially, when we reflect that, if this be so, the pillar-stone at Cape Clear is at present the oldest Christian relic of the past to be seen in Great Britain and Ireland, and that the island of Cape Clear and ancient Carbery were the first bright spots in the pagan wilderness where the lights of Christianity shone under the guidance of St. Kieran, thirty years

   Internet Archive sketchesincarber00dono, Chapter 8

5. Cape Clear, most remarkable island on the Irish coast

   Cape Clear · electoral division · Cork

   Cape Clear, known in former times as Insula Sancta Clarae, is described as the most remarkable island on the entire Irish coast and the most prominent landmark of Western Europe for mariners. The author crosses from Sherkin to Cape Clear via the Gasconane Sound to study its historic features.

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   Hundred Isles, exploring the underground dwellings of the Firbolgs, the raths and duns of the ancient chieftains, and examining into their history in a very superficial manner ; it is time* at length to return to the subject of our discourse, and carry out the original programme. It is necessary, in order to elucidate the various topics of interest which may start up as we travel along, to branch off at times, and dilate somewhat on collateral matters, which pertain more or less to the "sketches," and which latter, as the name denotes, are necessarily of a rambling and unrestricted character. So now we will bid a last adieu to Sherkin, and crossing the stormy waters of the Gascon ane Sound, land on Cape Clear, and study some of the interesting features, historic and otherwise, connected with that island. Cape Clear, the Insula Sancta Clarae of a former period, is the most remarkable island on the whole Irish coast, and the most prominent landmark of "Western Europe for the mariner, as he steers his course to and fro across the wide expanse of that ocean which rolls in mighty and majestic waves between the two hemispheres, and which is familiarly known, in the peculiar parlance of Brother Jonathan at the present time, as "The Great American Ferry."

   FT

   Internet Archive sketchesincarber00dono, Chapter 5

6. Foreign fishermen export £100,000 of fish from harbour in 1868

   Castlehaven · townland · Cork · 1868

   In 1868, over £100,000 worth of fish was exported by foreign fishermen frequenting a harbour on the Cork coast, highlighting the lack of local enterprise and capital in the deep-sea fisheries that should employ the local labouring classes.

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   Grlandore, as a fishing station, ought to attain to some importance if capital were expended, and enterprise and energy awakened to carry out a more complete and extensive system of deep-sea fishing ' than exists at present. The sea off Grlandore, and, in fact off all the harhours along the coast, abounds in edible fish of all varieties. The native fishermen, owing to want of scientific training and capital, have neither boats, luggers, nor smacks, as a rule, sufficiently seaworthy and capacious, nor fishing gear ofproper efficiency to enable them to take larger hauls of fish in the deep waters. The consequence is that during the summer months fleets of luggers and smacks come across from Cornwall, the Isle of Man, Boulogne, and Dieppe to the Irish coast, where. the mackerel, pilchards, and herrings swarm in immense shoals, and make a rich harvest. A single take of fish is sometimes valued at £200. During the year 1868 it appears that over £100,000 worth of fish was exported by the foreign fishermen who frequent Eansale Harbour, and this is probably now on the increase. These facts show a great want of employed capital, local enterprise, and development of industrial resources in this part of the country, when French and English luggers come from such a distance, and almost monopolize the deep-sea fisheries along the coast, which should be, if things were managed properly, an abundant source of employment to the labouring classes of the community, and which constitute a very important branch of commerce and industry in every country.

   Lewis, in his topographical dictionary, referring to Grlandore, says; — "This seems to have .been a

   Internet Archive sketchesincarber00dono, Chapter 13

   As the companion tells it

   Somewhere around here, near Castlehaven, lies a harbour whose fishing wealth, in 1868, was being taken not by local hands but by foreign fishermen. In that year, over £100,000 worth of fish was exported from these waters by crews who had crossed the sea to reach them. The sea off this coast abounds in edible fish of all varieties. Mackerel, pilchards, and herrings swarm in immense shoals along the shore. During the summer months, fleets of luggers and smacks come across from Cornwall, the Isle of Man, Boulogne, and Dieppe to the Irish coast, where they make a rich harvest. A single take of fish is sometimes valued at £200. The native fishermen, owing to want of scientific training and capital, have neither boats, luggers, nor smacks sufficiently seaworthy and capacious, nor fishing gear of proper efficiency to take larger hauls in the deep waters. So French and English luggers come from great distance and almost monopolise the deep-sea fisheries along the coast. These waters should be, if things were managed properly, an abundant source of employment to the labouring classes of the community. The facts show a great want of employed capital, local enterprise, and development of industrial resources in this part of the country, when a fishery that constitutes a very important branch of commerce and industry in every country is left almost entirely to foreign hands.

7. O'Mahony coastal castles of western Carbery

   Dunmanus · electoral division · Cork

   After raiding O'Driscoll territory, the O'Mahonys seized the western portion of Corca Laidhe bordering the sea, comprising the parishes of Kilmoe, Skull, Kilcrohane, Durrus, Kilmaconogue, and Caheragh. Along this coast they erected castles at Rossbrin, Ardintenant, Leamcon, Three Castle Head, Dunbeacon, and Dunmanus.

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   comprised the parishes of Kilmoe, Skull (Scoole) Kilcrohane, Durrus, Kilmaconogue, and Caheragh! Along the coast they erected the castles of Bossbrinj Ardintenant, Leamcon, and the three castles at Three Castle Head ; also, Dunbeacon and Dunmanus castles. ^

   The O'Mahony, of Kossbrin, in the reign of Queen Elizabeth was a celebrated pirate. Sir George Carew attacked his castle, and battered down the western ^

   Internet Archive sketchesincarber00dono, Chapter 2

8. Subterranean rock-cut chambers at Knockdrum

   Knockdrum · townland · Cork

   At Knockdrum, a series of dark, gloomy chambers excavated out of solid rock are connected by narrow passages and ventilator shafts. Associated with a surface stone house (clochan), these subterranean dens are believed to have been human habitations in a pre-Christian era.

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   would also strengthen our belief as to these strange subterranean dens having been utilized as human habitations in some remote age, more especially when the remains of the stone house or clochan, which we have already alluded to, are discovered in such close proximity and intimate union with the subterranean passages. One seems to have been the ante-room, and the other the basement story. The date of their construction must be of very remote origin, belonging to a pre-Christian era most probably. Certainly the inhabitants of these gloomy chambers on Knockdromma, whether Firbolgs, Tuatha de Danaans, or Milesians, had no very advanced or elevated ideas about either domestio comforts or architectural progress ; in this respect, however, I dare say they were on a level, if not superior, to the majority of the Celtic and Teutonic tribes of the time in which they flourished.

   The visitor to Knockdromma, no matter how actively his antiquarian tastes may be engaged, cannot fail, however, to be greatly impressed with the very beautiful and charming view he obtains of the surrounding sceneiy. Between the eminence on which we stand and the sea, the landscape presents a most picturesque appearance, diversified and enlivened by bright-looking verdant nooks, and sheltered spots, sparkling in the sunshine — oases in the wilderness of rocks, projecting so prominently above the surface — alluvial deposits washed down into their present position from the hill sides, which they have deserted, and well repaying a careful cultivation. The dull, monotonous brown colour of the rocks is relieved in a great degree also by the purple heather, the golden tufted furze, and the white spray-like blossoms of the fragrant hawthorn, and the breeze

   Internet Archive sketchesincarber00dono, Chapter 10

   As the companion tells it

   Somewhere around here, beneath Knockdrum in Cork, there are dark, gloomy chambers excavated out of solid rock, connected by narrow passages and ventilator shafts. The remains of a stone house, called a clochan, have been found in close proximity to these underground passages, as if one served as the ante-room and the other as the basement story. The date of their construction is of very remote origin, belonging most probably to a pre-Christian era. The inhabitants of these gloomy chambers on Knockdrum, whether they were Firbolgs, Tuatha de Danaans, or Milesians, had no very advanced or elevated ideas about domestic comforts or architectural progress. In this respect, however, they may have been on a level, if not superior, to the majority of the Celtic and Teutonic tribes of the time in which they flourished. Above ground, the view from this eminence toward the sea is beautiful and charming, diversified by bright verdant nooks and sheltered spots, oases in the wilderness of rocks. Alluvial deposits washed down from the hillsides into their present position repay careful cultivation. The dull brown of the rocks is relieved by purple heather, golden tufted furze, and the white spray-like blossoms of the fragrant hawthorn.

9. Underground chambers and tumulus at Lurriga near Skibbereen

   Lurriga · townland · Cork · 1869

   In November 1869, an opening was accidentally discovered in the soil at Lurriga, on the property of M'Carthy Downing MP, adjoining Clover Hill House near Skibbereen. Three underground chambers in a spiral direction were explored, and ancient human bones were found near the entrance. A raised oblong mound, likely an ancient tumulus, and a small rath were also identified nearby.

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   As we ate discussing now a very interesting subject, it may be cot amiss to diverge somewhat from the beaten track, and leaving Sherkin to take care of itself, enlarge a little on these curious artificial caverns in the soil, which still exist, almost untouched by the hand of time, so extensively throughout the south of Ireland, and which, if we are to believe some antiquarians, were formerly the abodes of Ireland's aborigines, over a thousand years before the Christian era. In the neighbourhood of Skibbereen, on the lands of Lurriga (ridge or shin), the property of M'Carthy Downing, M.P.,in a large field adjoining Clover Hill House, an opening was accidentally discovered in the soil in November. 1869, which, on being enlarged, enabled a person.to descend into an underground chamber, about four feet beneath the surface, of the usual oven or bee-hive shape, and

   40 Slcelchca in Carboy.

   Internet Archive sketchesincarber00dono, Chapter 4

   As the companion tells it

   Somewhere close to Lurriga, underground chambers and a likely ancient tumulus came to light in November 1869. An opening was accidentally discovered in the soil here, on the property of M'Carthy Downing MP, adjoining Clover Hill House near Skibbereen. When it was enlarged, someone descended about 4 feet beneath the surface into a bee-hive shaped chamber. Three underground chambers running in a spiral direction were explored, and ancient human bones were found near the entrance. A raised oblong mound, likely an ancient tumulus, and a small rath were also identified nearby.

10. 1608 inquisition of O'Driscoll's country at Rosscarbery

    Ross Carbery · town · Cork · 1608

    A 1608 inquisition at Rosscarbery detailed the lordships, rents, and boundaries of the cantred of Collymore, alias O'Driscoll's country, which contained 65 ploughlands. The castles named — Dun-na-Sead (castle of the jewels) and Dun-an-ore (the golden fort) at Cape Clear — indicated the prosperity of the O'Driscoll family.

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    In a copy of the inquisition taken in Eosscarbery, in the year 1608, all the various lordships, royalties, rents, and dues are detailed, and the boundaries strictly defined of the country or cantred of Collymore, alias called O'Driscoll's country. It contained 65 ploughlands — 39^ on the mainland, and 25J in the islands, which shows how much reduced in size were the territories of the O'Driscolls at this period. The names of their castles would also indicate the flourishing and prosperous condition of the occupants, viz. — Dun-na-Sead, where the English fleet was entertained, which means the castle of the jewels, and Dun-an-ore, in Cape Clear, the golden fort.

    The Queen, on being informed of O'Driscoll's liberality to the fleet, pardoned his joining the Spaniards, and sent for him to Court ; but, before his arrival, her Majesty died, and during his absence in England, Smith tells us " the great part of his possessions were intruded into by Sir Waiter Coppinger, which caused this ancient family to fall into decay." "Walter Coppinger, of Cloughane, gent., had, on previous occasions, been an arbitrator in deciding a dispute regarding landed property between Sir Fineen and 9, near relative of his, named Fynine Karragh. Ac-

    Internet Archive sketchesincarber00dono, Chapter 8

    As the companion tells it

    Ross Carbery in Cork is where the road takes you now. Here, in 1608, an inquisition was taken that laid out the lordships, royalties, rents, and boundaries of the cantred of Collymore, also called O'Driscoll's country. It held 65 ploughlands, 39 on the mainland and 25 on the islands, which shows how much the O'Driscoll territories had shrunk by then. The names of their castles point to a prosperous house: Dun-na-Sead, the castle of the jewels, where the English fleet was entertained, and Dun-an-ore, the golden fort, in Cape Clear. The Queen, told of O'Driscoll's liberality to the fleet, pardoned him for joining the Spaniards and sent for him to Court. Before he arrived, she died. In his absence in England, Smith tells us the great part of his possessions were intruded into by Sir Walter Coppinger, which caused this ancient family to fall into decay. Coppinger, of Cloughane, had before that acted as arbitrator in a dispute over land between Sir Fineen and a near relative named Fynine Karragh.

11. 1652 surrender of Rosscarbery garrison

    Ross Carbery · town · Cork · 1652

    On 12th May 1652 the garrison of Rosscarbery surrendered to the Parliament's forces. The author notes this and the near-contemporary surrender of Ross Castle, Killarney to General Ludlow were the closing scenes of the Cromwellian wars in Ireland.

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    Smith tells us that " On the 12th May, 1652, the garrison of Bosscarbery surrendered to the Parliament's forces, after which everything remained quiet in the country for some time" (and not for a very long time either). It is a curious coincidence that nearly about the same time Boss Castle, Killarney, was surrendered to General Ludlow, one of Cromwell's generals, by Lord Musketry ; both of whjgh events were the closing scenes in the _ sanguinary and prolonged strife of the Cromwellian wars in

    Ireland. ...

    Internet Archive sketchesincarber00dono, Chapter 15

    As the companion tells it

    As you pass through Ross Carbery, this was where the Cromwellian wars in Ireland came to their close. On 12 May 1652 the garrison here surrendered to the Parliament's forces. The source notes that after this 'everything remained quiet in the country for some time.' Around the same time Ross Castle in Killarney fell to General Ludlow, one of Cromwell's generals, surrendered by Lord Muskerry. Both events marked the end of the prolonged and bloody Cromwellian wars in Ireland.

12. Baltimore derived from Dun-a-sead, castle of jewels

    Baltimore · town · Cork

    Baltimore's original name was Dun-a-sead, meaning 'castle of the jewels,' reflecting its origin as a dun or ancient stronghold. Many castle sites across Ireland retained the 'dun' prefix from earlier fortifications built on the same locations.

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    The date of their occupation must have been so ■very remote, that our imperfect knowledge on this subject is not to be wondered at. The Dun, which means a stronghold or citadel, was occupied by the kings and chieftains, and was of grander and more imposing appearance than the Rath or Lis, which was inhabited by the population at large. The Dun had a prominent mound in the centre, and was surrounded by three earthen ramparts. The Eath had usually only two ramparts, while the tumulus had but one. Upon the site of these ancient Duns, many castles were subsequently erected, the former name being in part retained, and the locality deriving its name from this circumstance, as, for instance, Dunmore, Dundeide, Dooneen, Dunelong (ship i;astle). Dun-a-sead (castle of the jewels), now Baltimore, &c.

    The circular stone fortresses were named cahirs and caiseals. They were constructed principally in places where large boulders of stone projected through the soil, so as to form rocky eminences, the masonry was styled Cyclopean, and they were surrounded by a circular enclosure of large rugged unhewn stones, the temporary buildings being raised in the enclosed area. The parish of Cahara derives its name from having abounded formerly in these cahirs or stone forts, and the Rock of Cashel from having been the site of a eaiseal in the olden times. Dr. Joyce, in his interesting and original work, alludes to the strong objections which has always prevailed among the peasantry, against the tilling or occupying of those ancient places, no matter whether the remains of former human abodes, or the monumental mounds of a bye-gone age. He says — " Long after the lisses and raths had been abandoned as dwellings, many

    Internet Archive sketchesincarber00dono, Chapter 5

    As the companion tells it

    You are coming into Baltimore, down on the Cork coast. The name goes back to an ancient dun, a stronghold or citadel, called Dun-a-sead, which means castle of the jewels. In very remote times kings and chieftains occupied these duns. A dun was grander than the ordinary rath or lis where the broader population lived. It had a prominent mound in the centre and was surrounded by three earthen ramparts, while the rath usually had only two ramparts and the tumulus had but one. On the sites of these ancient duns many castles were later erected, and the old name was partly kept, so the locality took its name from that. Dunmore, Dundeide, Dooneen, Dunelong, and Dun-a-sead, now Baltimore, all follow this pattern. The circular stone fortresses were called cahirs and caiseals. They were built mainly in places where large boulders projected through the soil to form rocky eminences. The masonry was called Cyclopean, and they were surrounded by a circular enclosure of large rugged unhewn stones, with temporary buildings raised inside. Dr Joyce notes the strong objections that always prevailed among the peasantry against tilling or occupying these ancient places, whether they were remains of former dwellings or monumental mounds of a bygone age. He says, 'Long after the lisses and raths had been abandoned as dwellings, many.'

13. Bridgetown bridge over the River Ilen

    Bridgetown · townland · Cork

    Beyond Bridgetown on the road to Abbeystrewry, a noble bridge spans the wide and shallow River Ilen. The bridge's large empty arches stand like open gateways in the stream, suggesting the river is sometimes greatly swollen.

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    " My informant was right about my going to Abbey strewry. I had already inquired the way to it, and had learned that it was half a mile or so beyond Bridgetown. I wished my interesting informant good evening, and pursued my walk. Coming to the highest point of the road, beyond Bridgetown, a very charming landscape opened before me, made up of the Valley of the Ben and the agreeably undulating country beyond it. The river at this place is wide and shallow, and, judging from the noble bridge by which it is spanned, it must be sometimes greatly swollen. The evening was bright and pleasant, the sun had gone far westward, and the effect of his light, as it played on the scarcely rippled water, and shone through the high empty arches of the bridge, standing like open gateways in the shallow stream, made me pause for a moment to take in the whole scene.

    " It was during this time that I discovered, immediately beyond the river, the object of greatest interest to me — the object, in fact, ,of my journey — the churchyard of Abbeystrewry. There was the spot in which a generation of the people of Skibbereen was buried in a year and a half. Those places where poor humanity is laid to rest, when life's work is done, have been always regarded as holy ground: cities of the dead, solemn and suggestive. But this was more ; in its lonely seclusion, in its dark and terrible history, it was

    Internet Archive sketchesincarber00dono, Chapter 7

14. Buried gold at Lough Hyne Castle

    near Lough Hyne · lake or lakes · Cork

    Tradition among the peasantry held that a crock of gold was buried deep in the ground under a flagstone in a remote corner of Lough Hyne Castle. Bill Barrett described how, influenced by stories handed down from old times and hoping to amass a fortune, he approached the spot at midnight armed with a spade and shovel.

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    In a remote corner of the castle, under a flagstone, a crock of gold is supposed to have been buried deep in the ground at some remote period : such is the tradition amongst the peasantry. Our informant, Bill Barrett, touchingly describes how, influenced by the desire of suddenly amassing a fortune, and with

    Sketches in Carbery. 125

    Internet Archive sketchesincarber00dono, Chapter 9

    As the companion tells it

    Coming up near Lough Hyne, there's a castle with an old tradition among the local people that a crock of gold was buried deep under a flagstone in a remote corner. Bill Barrett told how he went there at midnight with a spade, influenced by stories handed down and hoping to amass a fortune.

15. Rock of Cashel: site of an ancient caiseal

    near Rock of Cashel · rock or rocks · Tipperary

    The Rock of Cashel takes its name from having been the site of a caiseal, an ancient circular stone fortress, in earlier times. The name connects this prominent landmark to the pre-Norman fortress tradition.

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    The circular stone fortresses were named cahirs and caiseals. They were constructed principally in places where large boulders of stone projected through the soil, so as to form rocky eminences, the masonry was styled Cyclopean, and they were surrounded by a circular enclosure of large rugged unhewn stones, the temporary buildings being raised in the enclosed area. The parish of Cahara derives its name from having abounded formerly in these cahirs or stone forts, and the Rock of Cashel from having been the site of a eaiseal in the olden times. Dr. Joyce, in his interesting and original work, alludes to the strong objections which has always prevailed among the peasantry, against the tilling or occupying of those ancient places, no matter whether the remains of former human abodes, or the monumental mounds of a bye-gone age. He says — " Long after the lisses and raths had been abandoned as dwellings, many

    Sketches in Carbenj. 57

    Internet Archive sketchesincarber00dono, Chapter 5

16. Ross walled city and famous university

    Ross Carbery · town · Cork

    Ross was formerly walled round, but the walls were broken down by the wars of the Irish septs and even the foundations could not be traced. A famous university flourished there where all the south-west of Ireland resorted for learning's sake.

    Read the passage

    The "Book of Dues," as mentioned already, belonging to the church of Boss-Allithri, was presented to St. Fachtnan by Conall, chieftain of Corca Laidhe, at Ardnabportan (Crab-Fish Hill), on Inisbeg, an island in the river Hen, near Skibbereen. We find the following notice in the "Annals of Innisfallen : " " A. D. 600. Died Fachtnan, first Bishop of Boss- Allithir, in Corca Laidbe." According to Hanmer, "Ross was formerly walled round, but by the wars of the Irish septs the walls were broken down, and, at the present day, the foundations of this ancient place cannot even be traced." The same writer says — "A famous university also flourished here, where resorted all the south-west of Ireland for learning sake." St. Brendan, patron saint of Kerry, is also said to have visited Boss, and taught "lessons of wisdom" there. Camden, who lived in the reign of Elizabeth, states that the harbour, previous to his time, was navigable for ships, but in his own day it had become choked up with sand, and in this condition it has remained down to the present date. After St. Fachtnan's death, St. Finchad, a disciple of St. Finbar, of Cork, succeeded. No account of any of his successors down to the year 1170 is given, except of Dougal Mac Folact, the 27th bishop. According to O'Flaherty, and he gives as his authority a distich out of the " Book of Lecan" : —

    " Dougalus a Fachtna ter nonus Episcopus extat, Lugadia de gente dedit cui Eossa mitram."

    Internet Archive sketchesincarber00dono, Chapter 15

    As the companion tells it

    As you come through Ross Carbery, you are passing through what was once a walled city. According to Hanmer, Ross was formerly walled round, but the wars of the Irish septs broke the walls down, and at the present day the foundations of this ancient place cannot even be traced. The same writer says a famous university also flourished here, where resorted all the south-west of Ireland for learning's sake. The Annals of Innisfallen record that in the year 600, Fachtnan, first Bishop of Ross-Allithir, in Corca Laidhe, died. Before that, the Book of Dues, belonging to the church of Ross-Allithri, was presented to St. Fachtnan by Conall, chieftain of Corca Laidhe, at Ardnabportan, or Crab-Fish Hill, on Inisbeg, an island in the river Hen, near Skibbereen. St. Brendan, patron saint of Kerry, is also said to have visited Ross and taught "lessons of wisdom" there. Camden, who lived in the reign of Elizabeth, states that the harbour was previously navigable for ships, but in his own day it had become choked up with sand, and has remained so down to the present date. After St. Fachtnan's death, St. Finchad, a disciple of St. Finbar of Cork, succeeded. No account of any of his successors is given down to the year 1170, except of Dougal Mac Folact, the 27th bishop. O'Flaherty, giving as his authority a distich out of the Book of Lecan, records Dougal as the 27th bishop from Fachtna, of the Lugadian race, who gave Ross its mitre.

17. Stone fort (cathair) on Knockdromma near Castletownsend

    Knockdrum · townland · Cork

    On a hill called Knockdromma near Castletownsend stands a very perfect specimen of a stone fort or 'cathair,' with a circular wall of uncemented flat stones about 320 feet in circumference, 10 feet thick, and 8 feet high. The proprietor T. Somerville has restored the outer wall, and the site includes underground chambers, a cross-inscribed pillar stone, and a cup-marked stone with about twenty depressions.

    Read the passage

    distance from the high road, on a hill called Knock - dromma, we observe a very perfect specimen of the stone fort or " cathair," 'which presents some veryinteresting features, and is well worthy of a visit. Ascending to the summit of the hill, after a short walk, we reach an elevated circumscribed plateau, completely isolated and distinct from the surrounding hillocks, and. occupied by the remains and underground -chambers of the " cathair.5' A circular wall of uncemented flat stones is seen erected around the edge of the plateau ; this wall is about 320 feet in circumferenc^5>10 feet thick, and about 8 feet high. The present proprietor of the land, T. Somerville, Esq., D.L., Drishane, has endeavoured to preserve the structure in as complete a manner as possible. The outer wall, which had nearly fallen down, he has built up again with the original materials, so as to restore it more or less to its pristine proportions.

    At the eastern side of the enclosure there is a gap through the wall flanked on the south by a pillarstone, on the surface of which an ancient-looking cross is engraved. On the adjoining side of this entrance there is a hollow recess in the thickness of the wall : for what purpose it was intended is doubtful. Lying on the ground, close to the entrance, is a large stone of irregular shape, covered witr/about twenty cup-shaped depressions, evidently of an artificial character. It seems strange what they were intended to represent — a sort of antiquarian puzzle. Another stone discovered formerly in the vicinity had the cup-shaped hollows joined to each other by narrow grooves so as to resemble dumb-bells in shape. In the centre of the area within the circular outer wall a confused heap of stones was formerly

    Internet Archive sketchesincarber00dono, Chapter 10

    As the companion tells it

    Close to Knockdrum, on a hill called Knockdromma, stands a stone fort, a "cathair," described as a very perfect specimen, well worthy of a visit. You reach it by a short walk to the summit, where an elevated plateau, isolated from the surrounding hillocks, holds the remains and underground chambers of the fort. A circular wall of uncemented flat stones runs around the edge of the plateau. It is about 320 feet in circumference, 10 feet thick, and about 8 feet high. The proprietor, T. Somerville of Drishane, has endeavoured to preserve the structure. The outer wall had nearly fallen down, and he built it up again with the original materials, restoring it more or less to its pristine proportions. At the eastern side of the enclosure there is a gap through the wall. On the south side of the gap stands a pillar stone with an ancient-looking cross engraved on its surface. On the adjoining side of the entrance there is a hollow recess in the thickness of the wall; its purpose is doubtful. Lying on the ground close to the entrance is a large stone of irregular shape covered with about twenty cup-shaped depressions, evidently artificial. What they were intended to represent is a sort of antiquarian puzzle. Another stone formerly discovered in the vicinity had the cup-shaped hollows joined by narrow grooves so as to resemble dumb-bells.

18. Cistercian Abbey de Sancto Mauro at Myross, founded 1172

    Myross · townland · Cork · 1172

    Dermot M'Cormac McCarthy, king of Cork, founded a Cistercian abbey at Corrigillihy in the parish of Myross in 1172, giving the parish its name. Smith's History of Cork records that foundations and a large cemetery with human bones were discovered beneath the soil.

    Read the passage

    Let us now, en passant, gaze on either side, and examine minutely any relics or ruins of the past, which may possess either local interest, or whose former history, however microscopic, may have handed down some fact worthy of record. Not far from the metropolis of West Carbery we pass by the ruins of Abbeystrowry Church (the abbey of the stream ). The fragmentary remains are by no means imposing ; however, the gray crumbling walls, covered with moss and lichens, and the overhanging, leafless trees, tottering to their fall, proclaim a venerable antiquity. Here, during the 12th century, on the site of the present ruin, flourished a branch of the celebrated Cistercian Abbey, founded at Corrigillihy, in the

    L

    Internet Archive sketchesincarber00dono, Chapter 4

19. Danish raids on Cape Clear, 9th–10th centuries

    Cape Clear · electoral division · Cork · 820–960

    Cape Clear suffered devastations by Danish pirates in 820, 824, 825, and again in 960. Cork city was also pillaged during the same early period, reflecting the island's vulnerability due to its prominent geographical position.

    Read the passage

    In the " Monasticon Hibernicon" we learn that during the years 820, '24, and '25, Cape Clear suffered many devastations by the Danes. Cork city was also pillaged at the same time by these unrelenting pirates who visited Cape so unceremoniously on their first arrival in Ireland. " St. Comgall, a disciple of St. JFinbarr (6th century), was Abbott of Cape Clear, and also Saint Cillian. A. D. 953 died the Abbot, Dunalang, who was son of O'Donagan. A. D. 960 the island was again despoiled by the Danes." Thus it will appear that during the very earliest era of Christianity, Cape Clear had attained a remarkable notoriety — a fact which must be attributed not alone to its prominent geographical position, but also to the fame it had attained as the Insula. Sancta Clarce — being the birth-place of the good St. Kieran.

    Dr. Joyce, in his admirable work entitled " Irish Names of Places," refers at some length to the history of St. Kieran ; he is adverse to the opinion that St. Kieran preceded St. Patrick, and his ideas on the subject are in accordance with those of some other authorities ; still the evidence adduced in the

    Internet Archive sketchesincarber00dono, Chapter 8

20. J. Redmond Barry's £10,000 improvements to Glandore

    near Glandore · population centre · Cork

    Proprietor J. Redmond Barry expended upwards of £10,000 in various improvements at Glandore, reviving the place from its impoverished state. His efforts earned him the warm esteem and deep respect of the gentry and people of the barony of Carbery.

    Read the passage

    place of some importance at an early period, as appears from the erection of the castles 01' Glandore and Kilfinnan. Formany years it continued in an impoverished state, but it has again become a place of considerable note through the spirited exertions of its present proprietor, J. Eedmond Barry, Esq., who has, -within the last few years, expended upwards of £10,000 in various improvements." The result of this benevolence and praiseworthy exertion in developing the resources of the place has been to secure for him the warm esteem and deep respect of the gentry and people in the barony of Carbery.

    The charms of Glandore have been celebrated in verse by Dr. Murray, whose graphic and descriptive lines are, I am sure, familiar to the generality of my readers. I have ventured to introduce the following lines, written during a leisure hour, while sojourning at Glandore and admiring the beautiful scenery of the neighbourhood, so favoured by nature, and so interesting in every feature.

    Internet Archive sketchesincarber00dono, Chapter 13

    As the companion tells it

    Glandore was a place of some importance long ago, as the castles of Glandore and Kilfinnan show. For many years it stayed in an impoverished state. Then its proprietor, J. Redmond Barry, turned it around. Within the last few years he spent upwards of £10,000 on various improvements. The result of that effort was to earn him the warm esteem and deep respect of the gentry and people of the barony of Carbery. The charms of Glandore have been celebrated in verse by Dr. Murray, whose descriptive lines are familiar to many readers. The writer himself spent a leisure hour here, sojourning at Glandore and admiring the beautiful scenery of the neighbourhood, so favoured by nature and interesting in every feature.

21. Liadhan's name linked to Ballyon and Killyon

    Killyon · townland · Kildare

    The parish of Ballyon in Meath and the townland of Killyon in the parish of Dunflerth, Kildare, are believed to have received their names from Liadhan, St. Ciaran's mother.

    Read the passage

    " There were many saints named Ciaran or Kieran, but two of them were distinguished beyond the others, St. Ciaran of Clonmacnoise, of whom I shall not speak here, and St. Ciaran of Ossory. Eegarding the exact period when the latter flourished there is much uncertainty ; but according to the most reliable accounts he became a bishop about the year 538. He was born in the island of Cape Clear ; but his father Ligneus was a native of Ossory, and of kingly descent. Ciaran was one of the numerous band of saints who attended St. Finian's school at Clonard ; and having retired to a solitary place called Saighir (Sair) in the territory of Eilein Munster, he after some time erected a-monastery there, which gradually grew, and beeair.e the nucleus of a town. He subsequently employed himself partly in the care of his monastery and partly in preaching the gospel to the Ossorians and others, of whom he collected great numbers. According to a gloss in the " Felire of Aengus" at the 5th of March (Ciaran's festival day), Saighir was the name of a fountain; after the saint's time it was called Saighir-Ciaran, which is now contracted to Seirkieran, the name of a parish near Parsonstown ; Ciaran is also the patron of Rathkieran in Kilkenny, where he probably built his church near a pagan rath, which took his name. On the island of Cape Clear traditions of St. "Ciaran still flit among the peasantry. An ancient little church retains the name of Kilkieran, and a strand in one part of the island is called Trakieran (Ciaran's strand) on which stands a primitive stone cross, said to have been made by the saint's own hands. St. Ciaran established a nunnery near Seirkieran for his mother Liadhan (Leean) or Liedaniu ; and from her the place has since borne the name of Rillyon (Liedhan's church). It is highly probable that it is from her also that the pariih of Ballyon in Meath, and the townland of Killyon in the parish of Dunflerth, KUdare, received their names."

    Opposite Tra-Kieran, on the south side of the.

    Internet Archive sketchesincarber00dono, Chapter 8

22. Mizen Head marked on Ptolemy's map

    near Mizen Head · promontory · Cork · 100–199

    In the 2nd century, the geographer Ptolemy prominently marked Mizen Head on his map, calling it Notium Promontorium. He described the territory as being inhabited by the 'Iberi,' pointing to a Spanish origin for the inhabitants.

    Read the passage

    geographer and astronomer of that period, was familiar with, the coast of Carbery. In one of his maps he prominently marks out the Mizen Head (Notium Promontoriuni), and, also, describes the territory as being inhabited by the " Iberi," which points significantly to the origin of the inhabitants from a Spanish source — Iberia being the old name of Spain. Considerable traffic formerly prevailed between Spain and the inhabitants residing between Baltimore and Berehaven. Spanish colonists settled down along the coast, and intermarried with the original settlers. The Spanish type of feature amongst many of their descendants is evident to the most casual observer even at present.

    Corca Laidhe was originally co-extensive with the diocese of Eoss, founded by St. Fachna, one of the O'Driscoll race, in the 6th century. Long ' before the English invasion the O'Mahonys, whose stronghold formerly was in the neighbourhood ' of Bandon (Drohid Mahon), made a raid upon the O'Driscoll territory and possessed themselves of the western portion of Corca Laidhe, bordering the sea called Ivahah or Evagh (the western land), which •

    Internet Archive sketchesincarber00dono, Chapter 2

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere about Mizen Head, you are near a place the ancient world knew by name. In the second century, the geographer and astronomer Ptolemy was familiar with the coast of Carbery, and on one of his maps he prominently marked this headland, calling it Notium Promontorium. He described the territory as inhabited by the Iberi, which points to the inhabitants' origin from a Spanish source. Iberia was the old name of Spain. Considerable traffic formerly prevailed between Spain and the people living between Baltimore and Berehaven. Spanish colonists settled along the coast and intermarried with the original settlers. The Spanish type of feature amongst many of their descendants was evident even to the most casual observer. Corca Laidhe was originally co-extensive with the diocese of Ross, founded by St. Fachna, one of the O'Driscoll race, in the 6th century. Long before the English invasion the O'Mahonys, whose stronghold was near Bandon, made a raid upon the O'Driscoll territory and took the western portion of Corca Laidhe, bordering the sea.

23. O'Driscoll possession of Sherkin Island

    near Sherkin Island · townland · Cork

    Sherkin Island was among the possessions of the O'Driscolls, who forfeited it during the 1601 insurrection when Spaniards landed at Baltimore. Most of the O'Driscolls emigrated to Spain afterwards.

    Read the passage

    two members. An English colony had been planted here a short time previously by Sir Thomas Crook, prior to -which event the town of Baltimore and the adjacent country had been a great stronghold of the O'Driscolls, who also possessed the islands of Sherkin and Cape Clear,- of which latter place they were styled kings. The O'Driscolls forfeited all their possessions, both on the mainland and in the islands, during the insurrection of 1601, when the Spaniards landed in Baltimore. The Spaniards surrendered to Captain Harvey, who was in command of the English forces. Most of the O'Driscolls emigrated to Spain, leaving behind them their followers and dependents, who gradually became mixed up with the rest of the peasantry

    Baltimore was not destined to remain for any length of time in a state of repose. Sir "Walter Coppinger reduced the place to great distress in 1629, and took possession of the town and castle ; but the greatest calamity which had yet occurred befel this illfated locality on the 20th June, 1631, when two Algerine galleys, manned with pirates, landed in the dead of night, plundered the town, massacred the greater portion of She inhabitants, and took the remainder into a captivity almost worse than death. Of those captured (200 in number) most were English settlers. The Algerines were piloted into Baltimore by a man named Hackett, a Dungarvan fisherman, who, about two years after this occurrence, was taken prisoner, carried to Baltimore, and hung on a high cliff, facing the sea, and looking down on tbe very channel through which the miscreant had but a short time before so treacherously and cruelly conducted the galleys of the bloodthirsty and marauding pirates.

    Internet Archive sketchesincarber00dono, Chapter 3

24. O'Rourke's visit to Cape Clear during famine research

    Cape Clear · electoral division · Cork · 1874

    About two years before the book's publication, Rev. J. O'Rourke visited Cape Clear while touring Ireland to gather information about the Great Irish Famine of 1847. He later described this area in his published history of the famine.

    Read the passage

    About two years ago the Eev. J. O'Rourke, * P. P., M- R. I. A., paid a visit to Cape Clear, whilst on a tour through Ireland in search of information concerning the great Irish Famine of 1847, and in the work which has recently issued from his pen upon that subject, he has alluded at full length to this part of the country in connection with the narrative of what he truly describes as " one of the most terrible episodes in the chequered history of our native land." However melancholy the subject may be, it is one which must engage the attention and Bad interest of the historian, statesman, and political economist, whilst studying and investigating into the causes of that terrible catastrophe fits desolating effects, and the remedies suggested, adopted, and neglected in grappling with a climax of misery and misfortune amongst a suffering people, perhaps unparalleled in the history of any country.

    The author's work, which has been recently published by Messrs. M'Grlashan and Gill, and J. Duffy and Sons, of Dublin, in a handsome volume of 550 pages, refleots much credit on the writer. It is the production of several years' study and laborious research, necessitating the closest reading, and an accurate intimacy with the all-important documents, state-papers, &c, of the period. Moreover, he has supplied a fund of information, the result of personal interview^, with prominent persons, who had been actively engaged on relief-committees, and as correspondents for the press during that disastrous-period. All the subject matter is skilfully arranged, and the various important extracts ably commented upon. We might add that it is the first complete work which hasyet been written upon " The Irish Famine," and one which records, in truthful and impressive

    Internet Archive sketchesincarber00dono, Chapter 6

25. Pouladav chasm on the coast near Mill Cove

    Mill Cove · minor feature · Kerry

    A large chasm called Pouladav (the Hole of the Ox) on the land of Galatrahig, between Mill Cove and Dooneen Point, communicates with the sea by three openings. Cattle occasionally fell into it while browsing near the edge. The chasm is open at top, 60-80 yards across and 160 yards long, with precipitous cliffs on its east and west sides.

    Read the passage

    Between Mill Cove and Dooneen Point, on the land of Galatrahig, may be seen a large chasm in the soil called Pouladav (the Hole of the Ox) P from the fact of cattle having occasionally fallen down into this chasm, whilst browsing near the edge of the precipice, which is well worthy of notice, as it is one of the most interesting and peculiar objeots along the coast. It would seem that this hole had. been formed by some sudden convulsion, as it appears improbable that the undermining force of the sea alone could effect such a strange and extensive looking excavation. This is a mere matter of conjecture however.

    Pouladav communicates with the sea by three separate openings, the south is the short and direot one. Its^ entrance from the sea is guarded on either side by high precipitous cliffs, which stand guarding the passage to the dark retreat within, like the huge portals of a gateway. The sea rushing in between these cliffs passes through a narrow crevice, which has been worn in the §olid rock, and opens into the . chasm within, forming a small deep pool. This .. entrance is bridged over at the top by the overlying rock and soil, which project across, forming the superstructure of the arch. Between the edge of Pouladav and the top of the cliff, near the sea, the . distancesis about 250 yards. A boat can be rowed _

    Internet Archive sketchesincarber00dono, Chapter 14

    As the companion tells it

    Right here, between Mill Cove and Dooneen Point, on the land of Galatrahig, you have a large chasm in the ground called Pouladav, the Hole of the Ox. It got that name because cattle now and then fell down into it while browsing near the edge of the precipice. It is one of the most interesting and peculiar features along this coast. It looks as though it had been formed by some sudden convulsion, since it seems improbable that the undermining force of the sea alone could have made so strange and extensive an excavation. But that is only conjecture. Pouladav communicates with the sea by three separate openings. The south one is the short and direct one. Its entrance from the sea is guarded on either side by high precipitous cliffs, standing like the huge portals of a gateway before the dark retreat within. The sea rushes in between these cliffs, passing through a narrow crevice worn in the solid rock, and opens into the chasm within, forming a small deep pool. This entrance is bridged over at the top by the overlying rock and soil, which project across, forming the superstructure of an arch. Between the edge of Pouladav and the top of the cliff near the sea, the distance is about 250 yards. A boat can be rowed in.

26. Rosscarbery as renowned seat of learning and sanctity

    Ross Carbery · town · Cork

    Rosscarbery, anciently called Ros-ailithir ('wood of the pilgrims'), was one of the most celebrated places in Ireland by the 6th century. Students and monks flocked there from all parts to study under eminent professors.

    Read the passage

    The town of Eosscarbery, though to the ordinary observer it may seem a place comparatively unimportant, was, nevertheless, one of the most ancient and celebrated places in Ireland, and as far back as the 6th century, was renowned at home and abroad as a great seat of learning and sanctity. Hither flocked students, both lay and clerical, from all parts of Ireland, to complete their studies under the most eminent \ professors.

    Dr. Joyce, alluding to it, says: — " Eosscarbery, in Cork, was formerly a place of great ecclesiastical eminence, and it was ' so famous for the crowds of students and monks, flocking to it, that it was distinguished by the name of " Eos-ailithir " (Allihir), the wood of the pilgrims.'" - " "%

    Internet Archive sketchesincarber00dono, Chapter 15

    As the companion tells it

    As you come through Ross Carbery in Cork, you are passing through what was once one of the most celebrated places in Ireland. By the 6th century it was renowned at home and abroad as a great seat of learning and sanctity. Students and monks flocked here from all parts of Ireland to study under the most eminent professors. Its ancient name was Ros-ailithir, meaning the wood of the pilgrims, because of the crowds that came to it.

27. Schull and Skibbereen: famine-slain sisters

    Skull · town · Cork · 1847

    Schull and Skibbereen are described as 'those two famine-slain Sisters of the South,' whose names must remain on the page of Irish history illustrating the great famine of 1847, even after the crumbling castle ruins of the district have become nameless and forgotten.

    Read the passage

    " This graveyard, looking out upon the restless waters from its quiet elevation, must remain for ages the most historic spot in the locality, although Skull is not without a history and historic remains. Many a castle and stronghold have the O'Mahonvs and O'Donovana built among the crags of the rocky islands, which are grouped in such variety to seaward, the ruins of which are to-day full of beauty and interest for the tourist. But surely the day will come when those crumbling ruins shall be once again a portion of the -common soil, nameless and forgotten ; but distant though the day may be, Skull and Skibbereen, those two famine-slain Sisters of the South, must still be found on the page of Irish history, illustrating the great famine of 1847."

    1

    Internet Archive sketchesincarber00dono, Chapter 7

28. Teampleen Breeda, St. Brigid's chapel ruins at Lough Hyne

    near Lough Hyne · lake or lakes · Cork

    On the south-west side of Lough Hyne, near the Rapids, stand the ruins of a tiny ancient chapel called Teampleen Breeda, dedicated to St. Brigid. Built of rough, unhewn stone without mortar, it measures only 15 by 20 feet by 8 feet wide, and its enclosed area is covered with rude headstones marking graves of a past generation. Tradition holds that congregations came to devotions by boat up the creek.

    Read the passage

    On the south-west side of the lake, close to the Rapids, and in a secluded and sequestered nook, are the ruins of a small chapel called (Teampleen Breeda) dedicated to St. Brigid. It has all the appearances of being very ancient ; the walls are of rough, unhewn stone, placed together without the use of mortar, whilst the miniature window of the chancel is a mere loophole. The dimensions are not more than 15 to 20 feet long, by 8 feet wide, and the enclosed area of the aisle is covered with rude headstones and flags, under which the mortal remains of a past generation lie interred. There is no road or pathway leading to the chapel, and the tradition is that the congregation came or stole to their devotions in boats up the creek from the neighbouring places, perhaps at times with fear and trembling.

    128 Sketches in Garbery.

    Internet Archive sketchesincarber00dono, Chapter 9

    As the companion tells it

    As you pass Lough Hyne, on the south-west side of the lake near the Rapids, there are the ruins of a small chapel called Teampleen Breeda, dedicated to St. Brigid. It looks very ancient, with walls of rough, unhewn stone placed together without mortar, and a chancel window that is a mere loophole. It is tiny, no more than 15 to 20 feet long by 8 feet wide, and the enclosed area is covered with rude headstones and flags marking the graves of a past generation. There is no road or pathway leading to it. The tradition is that the congregation came to their devotions in boats up the creek from the neighbouring places, perhaps at times with fear and trembling.

29. Myross parish: ancient name and Swift's residence

    Myross · townland · Cork

    Myross parish forms an elevated peninsula bounded by Glandore harbour, Castletownsend harbour, and the sea. Its ancient Irish name was Garry, meaning garden, due to its fertile soil. Dean Swift resided there for six months and commemorated his sojourn in a poem.

    Read the passage

    The parish, of Myross forms an elevated obtuse peninsula, bounded on the east by Glandore harbour, on the west by Castletownsend harbour, on the south by the sea, and on the north by a line drawn from Shepperton to Leap. Its ancient name was Garry, the Irish for garden. It was so called, as the soil was more fertile in its qualities than any other part of "West Carbery. Myross is a place re- ' plete with interest, as several relics of antiquity may be observed there, and as no less a personage than Dean Swift himself took up his residence there for six months, and commemorated his sojourn by a poem (" Eupes Carberise "), to which we will refer further on.

    Mrs. and Mr. S. C. Hall, in their charming work entitled "Ireland: its Scenery, Character, &c." inform us " A tower near Castletownsend is pointed out as

    Internet Archive sketchesincarber00dono, Chapter 11

30. Spanish graves at Reen Point mistaken for Danes

    Reen Point · point · Cork · 1601

    Near the Spanish entrenchment at Reen Point are numerous little mounds of earth where the remains of Spaniards who fell in action or died of disease are buried. The country people are under the impression that it is the resting-place of the Danes.

    Read the passage

    In ancient times, when smuggling was an everyday occurrence, the hamlet of Grlenbarrahane carried on a flourishing trade in the contraband line with the coast of Spain. In those days also (that is about a century ago) a linen manufactory was established at Killehangill. However, like many others of a similar nature throughout the country, it has fallen to decay for many years. The eastern boundary of Castlehaven harbour is formed by Eeen Point, or Galleon Point, as it is sometimes called, which forms a bluff, rocky promontory. It was here, during the wars of 1601, that the Spaniards intrenched themselves upon the high ground commanding the harbour, and from this they bombarded Admiral Levison's ship when she went aground. The Spanish intrenchment, resembling an ancient rath, is still to be seen ; and quite close to it are pointed out numerous little mounds of earth, the head-stones almost covered by the soil, where lie the remains of the Spaniards who had fallen in action or died of disease. The country people are under the impression that it is the resting-

    Sketches in Carbery,

    Internet Archive sketchesincarber00dono, Chapter 10

    As the companion tells it

    In ancient times, when smuggling was an everyday occurrence, the hamlet of Grlenbarrahane carried on a flourishing trade in the contraband line with the coast of Spain. In those days also (that is about a century ago) a linen manufactory was established at Killehangill. However, like many others of a similar nature throughout the country, it has fallen to decay for many years. The eastern boundary of Castlehaven harbour is formed by Eeen Point, or Galleon Point, as it is sometimes called, which forms a bluff, rocky promontory. It was here, during the wars of 1601, that the Spaniards intrenched themselves upon the high ground commanding the harbour, and from this they bombarded Admiral Levison's ship when she went aground. The Spanish intrenchment, resembling an ancient rath, is still to be seen; and quite close to it are pointed out numerous little mounds of earth, the head-stones almost covered by the soil, where lie the remains of the Spaniards who had fallen in action or died of disease. The country people are under the impression that it is the resting-

31. Galley Head lighthouse nearing completion

    near Galley Head · promontory · Cork · 1875–1876

    From the old lighthouse on Cape Clear, the Galley Head could be observed to the east with its nearly-finished lighthouse, anticipated as a welcome aid to mariners. The description dates from the period of the lighthouse's construction in the 1870s.

    Read the passage

    Inland the scenery is wild and picturesque. In the far west we descry the Kerry mountains — the famous Mangerton, and the serried outlines of Magillicuddy's .Reeks, and the bold, bluff promontories which, stretching far away to the south-west, brave the furies of the Atlantic, To the east we observe the Galley Head, with its nearly-finished lighthouse, a welcome object in the future will it prove to the " toilers of the deep." When the sun i§ setting behind the mountains the beauteous tint^s.

    Sketches in Cafbery-. 109

    Internet Archive sketchesincarber00dono

32. Natural sea cave at Carrigilihy Strand used by Swift

    Carrigillihy · townland · Cork

    A cave near Carrigilihy Strand, where Dean Swift used to embark, forms a natural archway hollowed out of the rock. It communicates with the sea by two separate orifices some distance apart, and at a favourable tide a boat can be rowed through from one mouth to the other.

    Read the passage

    • This refers to a cave, near Carrigilihy Strand, where Dean Swift used to embark. It forms a natural archway, hollowed out of the rank, and communicating with the sea by two separate orifices, some distance apart. When the tide is favourable * boat can be rowed through from one mouth to the other.

    174 Sketches in Carlery,

    Internet Archive sketchesincarber00dono, Chapter 11

33. Parish of Cahara named for its stone forts

    Caher · town · Tipperary

    The parish of Cahara takes its name from the numerous cahirs or circular stone fortresses that formerly abounded there. These were built of large unhewn stones on rocky eminences using Cyclopean masonry.

    Read the passage

    The circular stone fortresses were named cahirs and caiseals. They were constructed principally in places where large boulders of stone projected through the soil, so as to form rocky eminences, the masonry was styled Cyclopean, and they were surrounded by a circular enclosure of large rugged unhewn stones, the temporary buildings being raised in the enclosed area. The parish of Cahara derives its name from having abounded formerly in these cahirs or stone forts, and the Rock of Cashel from having been the site of a eaiseal in the olden times. Dr. Joyce, in his interesting and original work, alludes to the strong objections which has always prevailed among the peasantry, against the tilling or occupying of those ancient places, no matter whether the remains of former human abodes, or the monumental mounds of a bye-gone age. He says — " Long after the lisses and raths had been abandoned as dwellings, many

    Sketches in Carbenj. 57

    Internet Archive sketchesincarber00dono, Chapter 5

34. Volcanic origin theory of Lough Hyne

    near Lough Hyne · lake or lakes · Cork

    Geologists theorised that Lough Hyne, a deep and land-locked marine lake between Baltimore and Castlehaven, was formed by a volcanic eruption or earthquake in antediluvian times. Its depth of 25–30 fathoms, narrow sea connection, and surrounding volcanic-formation land all support this theory.

    Read the passage

    However, to return to our subject, after this wandering excursion : it is supposed by geologists that Lough Hyne owed its existence to one of these subterranean commotions, or volcanic eruptions, and the reasons assigned are the following, viz. — that it would first of all be highly improbable so deep a bed (25 to 30 fathoms in some places) could be excavated by the streams which enter the lake, or that the action of the sea in so completely land-locked a place, would be sufficient to accomplish such a state of things. The narrow communication with the sea, and the high, precipitous land surrounding the Lough, some of which land is of a volcanic formation, are all in favour of this theory, viz., that in former ages, some antediluvian period or other, I dare say; what now forms the bottom of the lake was elevated ground, and that this suddenly subsided during an earthquake, the sea at the same time running in through a narrow chasm, which opened out between the rocks towards the coast, filled up the vacuum so formed, and called into existence a lake which we now call Lough Hyne (Irish "Loch-ffloimhmf&eeplsikB). — Joyce.

    1

    Internet Archive sketchesincarber00dono, Chapter 9

    As the companion tells it

    As you come up on Lough Hyne, between Baltimore and Castlehaven in west Cork, it is a lake that geologists believe was born of fire and upheaval. They argue that a bed this deep, 25 to 30 fathoms in places, could not have been carved by the streams that enter the lake, nor by the sea in so land-locked a spot. The narrow opening to the sea and the high precipitous land around the lough, some of it volcanic formation, all point the same way. The theory is that in some antediluvian age, what now forms the bottom of the lake was elevated ground, and that this ground suddenly subsided during an earthquake. The sea at the same time rushed in through a narrow chasm that opened between the rocks towards the coast, filled the void, and brought into being the lake that is here today.

35. Captain Lionel Becher's house in Sherkin fort

    near Sherkin Island · townland · Cork · 1770–1780

    About a hundred years before the book's writing, a good house existed within the walls of the fort on Sherkin Island, occupied by Captain Lionel Becher.

    Read the passage

    which have disappeared, but at low water oue or two of the guns which formerly defended the fortress can be observed lying underneath the water near the beach. About a hundred years ago, a good house existed within the walls of the fort, which was occupied by Captain Lionel Becher.

    Innisherkin was destined to undergo, notwithstanding its remote position, the terrors of a hostile invasion. At various periods during the 15th century, the O'Driscolls, who were of a roving disposition, had sailed round to "Waterford, and allied themselves with the Powers of that county in attacks upon the city with the object of plunder — the fortune of war sometimes being favourable, and at other times adverse to their cause. " In the year 1450, stat. 28, Hen. IV., No. 10, it was enacted, as divers of the King's subjects had been slain by Fineen O'Hedriescoll, chieftain of the nation, that no person of the ports of "Waterford, "Wexford, &c, shall go within the country of the said O'Hedriescoll, under heavy penalties of forfeiture," &c. Matters readied a climax in the year 1537, owing to the following occurrence : —

    Internet Archive sketchesincarber00dono, Chapter 5

36. Holy Well of St. Barrahane and rag tree

    Castlehaven · townland · Cork

    Close to a stream on the south side of the glen near the graveyard is the Holy Well sacred to St. Barrahane, now neglected and insignificant-looking. An old holly tree overshadows the well, its branches covered with ivy and festooned with white and parti-coloured rags left by local pilgrims.

    Read the passage

    An old holly tree overshadows the well, its branches being thickly covered with creeping ivy, and gaily festooned with white and parti-coloured rags in profusion, which chronicle the numerous visits of local pilgrims to this secluded spot ; and certainly a more appropriate place of prayer for saint or sinner cannot well be imagined. The memory of the patron, St. Barrahane, the holy well, the murmuring stream, the solitary glen, the ancient graveyard, the ruined chapel, and the sea breaking gently on the beach, all lend their combined influence —

    To form a scene where nature loves to dwell, And breathe her spirit o'er the lonely dell.

    Internet Archive sketchesincarber00dono, Chapter 10

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere close to Castlehaven there's a holy well sacred to St. Barrahane, though you might pass it by without noticing. It sits near a stream on the south side of the glen, beside an old graveyard and a ruined chapel. An old holly tree overhangs the well, its branches thick with ivy and hung with white and parti-coloured rags left by local pilgrims over the years. The well itself looks neglected now, but the rags still chronicle the many visits to this secluded spot.

37. Baltimore name derivation and Druidical sanctuary

    Baltimore · town · Cork

    Baltimore, anciently called Dunashad ('fortress of the jewels'), derives its name from Baile-an-Ti-Mor ('The town of the Great House'). It was a celebrated sanctuary of the Druids who worshipped the pagan god Baal there.

    Read the passage

    The first place I intend describing is Baltimore, anciently called Dunashad (the fortress of the jewels), which is a place of great interest, when we take into account -its antiquity and former importance. It was called Baltimore from the words Baile-an-Ti-Mor, which signify in the Irish language " The town of the Great House." It was in olden times a celebrated sanctuary of the Druids, who carried on their idolatrous worship of the pagan god, Baal, in this place. Not far from the present village are the remains of a Druidical • altar or Cromlech, evidently of great antiquity, where the Druids were wont to celebrate the mysterious rites of their religion, and often sought to propitiate the favour of the bloodthirsty Baal by the immolation of victims to this ideal monster. A Druidical circle can be also observed in the same locality.

    As far back as the beginning of the 16th century, Baltimore was a town of considerable importance, and a great resort for fishermen from the coasts of France and Spain. In 1537 the merchants of "Waterford fitted

    Internet Archive sketchesincarber00dono, Chapter 3

    As the companion tells it

    Coming up now is Baltimore, in Cork. Long ago this place was called Dunashad, the fortress of the jewels. The name it carries now, Baltimore, comes from the Irish words Baile-an-Ti-Mor, the town of the Great House. In olden times it was a celebrated sanctuary of the Druids, who carried on their worship of the pagan god Baal in this place. Not far from the village you can still find the remains of a Druidical altar, a Cromlech, evidently of great age. There the Druids were wont to celebrate the mysterious rites of their religion, and often sought to propitiate the favour of the bloodthirsty Baal by the immolation of victims to this ideal monster. A Druidical circle can also be observed in the same locality. As far back as the beginning of the 16th century, Baltimore was a town of considerable importance, and a great resort for fishermen from the coasts of France and Spain. In 1537 the merchants of Waterford fitted out a fleet that sailed against Baltimore.

38. Jeremy Donovan, MP for Baltimore, 1689

    Baltimore · town · Cork · 1689

    Jeremy Donovan, chieftain of Clanloughlin, the sept holding lands around Glandore and Myross, served as Member of Parliament for Baltimore in 1689. The Clanloughlin territory was nearly as extensive as that of the head of the O'Donovans.

    Read the passage

    The land which lay between Grlandore and Koss originally belonged to a chieftain called Lochlainn, who was ancestor of the second most important sept of the O'Donovans. This territory consisted of thirty-six ploughlands, at present comprised in the parish of Kilfaughnabeg, and accordingly could not have been very extensive. It was this sept which obtained possession of Cloghatrabally, or Grlandore Castle, as previously mentioned. In the time of James I. Donell Oge Na Caston O'Donovan, the chieftain of that period, surrendered his possessions to the king and obtained a re-grant of the same. From this grant it_ appears that the head of the Clanloughlin had at this time a territory, nearly as extensive as that of the head of the O'Donovans, of whom the former was independent, many of their lands being situated in Kilmacabea, Myross, &c. Jeremy Donovan, chieftain of Clanloughlin, was M. P. for Baltimore in 1689.

    The south-western point of this district, which bounds Grlandore Harbour on the east, is called Eeenogrena (O'Grreny's Point). Here we observe a very steep cliff, one of the highest along the coast, called File na Shouk (the hawk's cliff), which, generally in the breeding season, is selected as a retreat by falcons and hawks. On the summit of this cliff we observe the ruins of an old signal tower, a relio of the troubled times when piracy and smuggling prevailed along the coast. The authorities in former times had a very decisive and summary manner of

    Internet Archive sketchesincarber00dono, Chapter 14

    As the companion tells it

    As you come through Baltimore, you are in the parliamentary constituency that Jeremy Donovan represented in 1689. He was chieftain of Clanloughlin, the second most important sept of the O'Donovans. Their ancestor was Lochlainn, and the land between Glandore and Ros originally belonged to him. It consisted of thirty-six ploughlands, now part of the parish of Kilfaughnabeg. The sept obtained possession of Cloghatrabally, or Glandore Castle. Under James I, Donell Oge Na Caston O'Donovan, chieftain of that period, surrendered his possessions to the king and obtained a re-grant of the same. From this grant it appears that the head of the Clanloughlin had a territory nearly as extensive as that of the head of the O'Donovans, and was independent of him. Many of their lands were situated in Kilmacabea, Myross, and other places. Jeremy Donovan, chieftain of Clanloughlin, was Member of Parliament for Baltimore in 1689. The south-western point of this district, which bounds Glandore Harbour on the east, is called Ieenogrena, O'Grreny's Point. Here there is a very steep cliff, one of the highest along the coast, called File na Shouk, the hawk's cliff, which falcons and hawks select as a retreat in the breeding season. On the summit are the ruins of an old signal tower, a relic of the troubled times when piracy and smuggling prevailed along the coast.

39. Knockomagh Hill and Lough Hyne

    near Lough Hyne · lake or lakes · Cork

    A short distance beyond Skibbereen, the wooded hill of Knockomagh rises to considerable height and overhangs Lough Hyne, described as one of the most beautiful spots in Ireland.

    Read the passage

    " Some twenty years after the famine-scourge had passed away, and oyer two millions of the Irish people with it, I visited Skibbereen. Approaching the town from the (. ork side it looks rather an important place. It is the seat of the Catholic Bishop of Ross, and attention is immediately arrested by a group of fine ecclesiastical buildings on an elevated plateau to the left, just beside the road, or street I should rather say, for those buildings are the beginning of the town ;- they consist of a cathedral and a convent, with very commodious schools, and a pretty Gothic chapel. On the other side of the way is the schoolhouse, in shade of which the military were concealed on the day the Caharagh labourers invaded Skibbereen. A short distance beyond the town, the wooded hill of Knockomagh, rising to a considerable height, overhangs Lough Hyne, one of the most beautiful spots in Ireland. Some miles to the westward lies the pretty island of Sherkin, which, with Tullagh to the east, makes the charming little bay of Baltimore completely land-locked. Out in front of all, like a giant sentinel, stands the island of Cape Clear, breasting with its defiant strength that vast ocean whose waves foam around it, lashing its shores and rushing up its crannied bluffs, still and for ever to be flung back in shattered spray by those bold and rocky headlands.

    Internet Archive sketchesincarber00dono, Chapter 7

    As the companion tells it

    A short distance beyond Skibbereen, the wooded hill of Knockomagh rises to a considerable height over Lough Hyne, which the road passes near. The writer visited Skibbereen some twenty years after the famine-scourge had passed away, and over two millions of the Irish people with it. Approaching the town from the Cork side, it looks rather an important place. It is the seat of the Catholic Bishop of Ross, and attention is immediately arrested by a group of fine ecclesiastical buildings on an elevated plateau beside the road, the beginning of the town: a cathedral and a convent, with commodious schools, and a pretty Gothic chapel. On the other side of the way is the schoolhouse, in whose shade the military were concealed on the day the Caharagh labourers invaded Skibbereen. Beyond the town, Knockomagh overhangs Lough Hyne, called one of the most beautiful spots in Ireland. Some miles to the westward lies the pretty island of Sherkin, which with Tullagh to the east makes the little bay of Baltimore completely land-locked. Out in front stands Cape Clear, breasting the vast ocean whose waves foam around it, rushing up its crannied bluffs, flung back in spray by the rocky headlands.

40. Sherkin Island and Baltimore Harbour

    near Sherkin Island · townland · Cork

    Sherkin Island (Inis-Arcain, meaning 'island of Arcan' after a person) forms the western boundary of Baltimore harbour, shielding it from Atlantic gales. It is separated from the mainland by a narrow channel at its north end, near the promontory of Turk Head at the extreme end of Aghadown parish.

    Read the passage

    The island of Sherkin forms the western boundary of Baltimore harbour, protecting it most effectually, by its interposition, from the fury of the south-western gales and the wilJWfraves 0f the Atlantic. It is separated at the north end, by a very narrow channel, from the mainland, which, as the extreme end of Aghadown parish, projects in the form of a promontory (Turk Head) between Baltimore on the east side and Roaring "Water (Lou°h Trasnagh) on the west. The ccrract name of the island is Inis-Arcain — meaning the island of Arcan — the name of a person. Smith incorrectly says that the proper name was Inis Kieran ; but this could I not possibly be the case, as St. Kieran was born

    in C'npe Clear, and had no communication with

    Internet Archive sketchesincarber00dono, Chapter 4

41. Spanish colonists along the Baltimore-Berehaven coast

    Baltimore · town · Cork

    Considerable traffic formerly prevailed between Spain and the inhabitants residing between Baltimore and Berehaven. Spanish colonists settled along the coast, intermarried with the original settlers, and the Spanish type of feature among their descendants was still evident to observers.

    Read the passage

    geographer and astronomer of that period, was familiar with, the coast of Carbery. In one of his maps he prominently marks out the Mizen Head (Notium Promontoriuni), and, also, describes the territory as being inhabited by the " Iberi," which points significantly to the origin of the inhabitants from a Spanish source — Iberia being the old name of Spain. Considerable traffic formerly prevailed between Spain and the inhabitants residing between Baltimore and Berehaven. Spanish colonists settled down along the coast, and intermarried with the original settlers. The Spanish type of feature amongst many of their descendants is evident to the most casual observer even at present.

    Corca Laidhe was originally co-extensive with the diocese of Eoss, founded by St. Fachna, one of the O'Driscoll race, in the 6th century. Long ' before the English invasion the O'Mahonys, whose stronghold formerly was in the neighbourhood ' of Bandon (Drohid Mahon), made a raid upon the O'Driscoll territory and possessed themselves of the western portion of Corca Laidhe, bordering the sea called Ivahah or Evagh (the western land), which •

    Internet Archive sketchesincarber00dono, Chapter 2

    As the companion tells it

    The road is coming through Baltimore now. A geographer and astronomer of an earlier period knew this coast of Carbery well. On one of his maps he marked out the Mizen Head, and described the territory as inhabited by the Iberi, which points to a Spanish origin for the people here, Iberia being the old name of Spain. There was considerable traffic between Spain and the people living between Baltimore and Berehaven. Spanish colonists settled along the coast and intermarried with the original settlers. The Spanish type of feature among many of their descendants was evident to the most casual observer even at the time this was written. The land here, Corca Laidhe, was originally co-extensive with the diocese of Ross, founded by St. Fachna, one of the O'Driscoll race, in the 6th century. Long before the English invasion the O'Mahonys, whose stronghold was near Bandon, made a raid on the O'Driscoll territory and took the western portion of Corca Laidhe bordering the sea.

42. St. Fachnan founds abbey at Rosscarbery c.590

    Ross Carbery · town · Cork · 590

    St. Fachnan (Fachtna), also called 'the eloquent' and Mac Mongach, founded Rosscarbery about the year 590 according to Colgan. The monastery formed a nucleus around which a walled town grew up, similar to how Cork originated around St. Finbar's monastery.

    Read the passage

    Eosscarbery, or Allithir, its ancient name — . (it was called Eosscarbery to distinguish it from Eoss in "Wexford) — wa,s founded by St. Fachtnan about the year 590, according to Colgan. Other authorities say that, in the early part of the sixth century, he came from the Abbey of Molana, near Youghal, and founded an abbey here for regular canons. The ruins of a chapel erected at some dis-

    Sketches in Carbery. 219

    Internet Archive sketchesincarber00dono, Chapter 15

    As the companion tells it

    Coming up now is the town of Ross Carbery. St Fachtna, called the eloquent, founded an abbey here about the year 590, according to Colgan. Other authorities say he came from the Abbey of Molana near Youghal in the early sixth century and founded an abbey for regular canons. The monastery formed the nucleus around which a walled town grew up, much as Cork grew around St Finbar's monastery.

43. Tobar-Breeda, St. Brigid's Well at Lough Hyne

    near Lough Hyne · lake or lakes · Cork

    A short ascent from Teampleen Breeda leads to Tobar-Breeda, St. Brigid's Well, a small hollow in solid rock with an impression said to have been caused by St. Brigid's knees. The well was formerly much frequented by pilgrims on May Eve, and numerous devotees selected the place for prayer.

    Read the passage

    rous devotees selecting the place as a suitable locality for prayer. This well in former times was much frequented on May Eve by pilgrims. From a neighbouring elevation we obtain a very charming view of Lough Hyne, calmly reposing in its sheltered bed, at the foot of the bold and picturesque Knock- Couma, and fthe solitary nook, where the ruins of the chapel are almost concealed from view by tangled briars and waving ferns; the creek, winding its undulating course to the sea, is on our right hand, whilst over the summit of an adjoining cliff we can get a bird's-eye view of the quaint-looking " Stags," surrounded by the deep and dark blue ocean.

    10

    Internet Archive sketchesincarber00dono, Chapter 9

    As the companion tells it

    As you pass Lough Hyne, up a short ascent from Teampleen Breeda, you come to Tobar-Breeda, St. Brigid's Well, a small hollow in solid rock with an impression said to have been made by St. Brigid's knees. In former times the well was much frequented on May Eve by pilgrims, and numerous devotees chose the place for prayer. From a neighbouring elevation there is a charming view of Lough Hyne, calmly reposing at the foot of the bold and picturesque Knock-Couma, with the creek winding its course to the sea.

44. Glenbarrahane Castle built by the O'Driscolls

    Castlehaven · townland · Cork

    Close to the sea beach at Castlehaven are the ruins of Glenbarrahane Castle, built by the O'Driscolls. Nearly three centuries old, the east, north, and south walls remain standing while the western wall has fallen. A long chimney runs through the wall and shelters a colony of bees in summer.

    Read the passage

    Tbe historical associations connected with- this place have been discussed, and it may not be amiss now to give a descriptive account of the locality. Close to the sea beach are the ruins of Grlenbarrahane Castle, built by the O'Driscolls. Although it has braved the " battle and the breeze" for nearly three centuries, the walls are still in good preservation ; the east, north, and south walls are standing, the western one has fallen down. At the south-west corner some years ago a spacious and handsome halldoor of nicely cut freestone was standing, but this has also disappeared. The western wall is in a tottering condition at present, and shakes and rocks most ominously with every strong blast of wind. A long chimney runs through the whole length of the wall from top to bottom, and in the summer affords a sheltered retreat to a large colony of bees. Adjoining this wall is a portion of a side building, which was formerly attached to the castle. At some distance from the foundation an arched floor of stone stretches across from one side of the castle to the other, dividing it into two stories, which are now bare and lonely, tenanted only by the fern, moss, and lichen. A short distance from the castle, and close to the beach, are situated the graveyard and the remains of the chapel of St. Barrahane, consisting of a small, triangular wall, the eastern end of

    Sketches in Carbery.

    Internet Archive sketchesincarber00dono, Chapter 10

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere around here, close to Castlehaven, the ruins of Glenbarrahane Castle stand near the sea beach. The O'Driscolls built it. The walls have braved nearly three centuries. The east, north, and south walls are still standing, but the western wall has fallen. At the south-west corner, a handsome hall door of cut freestone stood some years ago, but it has disappeared. The western wall is in a tottering condition and shakes with every strong blast of wind. A long chimney runs the whole length of the wall from top to bottom, and in summer it shelters a large colony of bees. Adjoining this wall is a portion of a side building, formerly attached to the castle. An arched stone floor stretches from one side to the other, dividing the interior into two stories, now bare and lonely, tenanted only by fern, moss, and lichen. A short distance from the castle, close to the beach, are the graveyard and the remains of the chapel of St. Barrahane, consisting of a small triangular wall at the eastern end.

45. Ballinlough lake forms East and West Carbery boundary

    Ballinlough · townland · Cork

    The small stream running through the Leap ravine into Glandore Harbour originates from Ballinlough, a lake about two miles north of Leap in the parish of Kilmacabea. This diminutive stream forms the boundary line between the Baronies of East and West Carbery.

    Read the passage

    The small stream which runs through the ravine and into Glandore Harbour, comes from a lake called Ballinlough, situated about two miles to the north of Leap, in the parish of Kilmacabea. This diminutive stream has the honour of forming the boundary line between the Baronies of East and "West Carbery. In the olden times all that part of Carbery which lay to the west of Leap was in a very unreclaimed state, and its fastnesses and bogs afforded such facility for escape and concealment to persons dreading criminal prosecutions for acts of violence, or to persons fearing political persecution, that the following saying passed into a sort of proverb : —

    " Beyond the T.eap, beyond the law."

    Internet Archive sketchesincarber00dono, Chapter 14

46. Collins dies at Skibbereen, 1816

    Skibbereen · town · Cork · 1816

    John Collins, poet and manuscript historian, died at Skibbereen in 1816 at the age of 64. His manuscripts, written around 1774, included poems, an unfinished history of Ireland, and genealogies of the MacCarthys and O'Donovans.

    Read the passage

    Some of Collins's manuscripts fell into the posses* sion of a Mr. 0' Grady, of Dublin. They were written about 1774, and beside his poems contained a history of Ireland, which was left in an unfinished state. Collins died at Skibbereen, in the year 1816, at the age of 64 years.

    Daniel Mac Carthy (GHas), author of " The Life and Letters of Florence Mao Carthy Mor," and " The

    Internet Archive sketchesincarber00dono

    As the companion tells it

    You're coming through Skibbereen in Cork. A poet and manuscript historian named John Collins died here in 1816, at the age of 64. His manuscripts, written around 1774, held poems and an unfinished history of Ireland, and some of them passed into the hands of a Mr. O'Grady of Dublin.

47. O'Driscoll castle ruins on Lough Hyne island

    near Lough Hyne · lake or lakes · Cork · 1870

    A small island near the eastern shore of Lough Hyne held the ruined walls of an old castle belonging to the O'Driscolls, intended to command and protect the lake entrance from the sea. The walls fell approximately six years before the book's writing, and only the foundation remained visible.

    Read the passage

    From this "Look-out" the lover of scenery obtains a view, which even though limited in extent, is unsurpassed in the opinions of many by any portion of the far-famed Lakes of Killarney. Beneath lies the Lough, which is circular in shape, and about two miles in circumference. Near its mouth is situated a small island, 'close to the eastern shore, on which, until recently, the ruined walls of an old castle stood. It belonged to the O'Driscolls, and was intended to command and protect the entrance into the lake from the sea. It is about six years ago since the walls fell down, and at present only the foundation of this old castle is to be seen. Between the island and the western shore the lake in some places has been ascertained to be 30 fathoms in depth. Smith

    St. ^^±^z*.-

    Internet Archive sketchesincarber00dono, Chapter 9

    As the companion tells it

    As you pass near Lough Hyne, that circular lake of about two miles around, there is a small island close to the eastern shore near its mouth. Until about six years ago, the ruined walls of an old castle stood there, belonging to the O'Driscolls and built to command and protect the entrance into the lake from the sea. The walls have since fallen, and only the foundation of the castle can be seen now.

48. Sherkin caves compared to underground chambers

    near Sherkin Island · townland · Cork

    The author draws a direct comparison between newly described subterranean chambers and the caves at Sherkin, noting that the description of artificial underground cells matches in most particulars that already given of the Sherkin caves. The comparison supports the belief that such chambers were used as places of residence.

    Read the passage

    made in them. Tlie common tradition concerning them is that they were made by the Danes ; but the more intelligent Irish antiquarians say they were inhabited by the Firbolges, a people of whom there is much mention in their MSS. Homer's description of the Cimmerians (Odys Lib. xi.) answers very well to the -inhabitants of these gloomy places." The foregoing abstract has been given at full length, the description answering, in most particulars, to that already given of the Sherkin caves, and, besides, it goes to prove that the belief as to these extraordinary chambers having been places of residence was very strong amongst antiquarians even a hundred years ago. Extract of a letter from Peake, in the parish of Aghahologue, and county of Cork, written by the Eeverend Marmaduke Cox, March, 1755 (Smith) — "Last Thursday, as some labourers were making a ditch, to enclose a potato garden, one of them dropped his spade into a deep hole, which obliged him to open the earth to get out his spade, where he found a passage into fifteen, some say seventeen, very large subterraneous ;rooms or caverns, in one of which, by estimation, were above five hundred skeletons, all entire, and laid at a distance of about a' foot from each other. All these bones were so fragile and destitute of animal matter, from the length of time they had been immured, that they crumbled into dust on being handled, or even exposed to a current of air. 'Tis imagined there must be another passage to those subterraneous chambers from a Danish fort, about one hundred and fifty yards from the present entrance, this being very narrow. The rooms are about five feet high. There are other chambers that are not got into, the entrance being defended by very large stones, laid in the doors, which cannot be easily

    Sketches in Carbery. 43

    Internet Archive sketchesincarber00dono, Chapter 4

49. St. Barrahane's chapel ruins at Castlehaven

    Castlehaven · townland · Cork

    Castlehaven was anciently called Glenbarrahane after St. Barrahane, the patron saint of the place. The ruins of the chapel dedicated to him can still be seen near the ancient castle on the west side of the harbour, close to a deep rocky glen.

    Read the passage

    Castlehaven was anciently called Grlanbarrahane, after St. Barrahane,* who was the patron saint of - the place, and the ruins of the chapel, which was dedicated to him, may still be observed not far from the ancient castle, on the west side of the harbour and situated near a deep, rocky glen, which in conjunction with the name of the saint, has given origin to the name Grlenbarrahane. As far back as the beginning of the 17th century we find it was styled Cuan-an-Chaislean by the Irish, Castlehaven by the English, and Porto Costello by the Spanish, all which terms have the same signification. We will imagine ourselves for a moment carried back to the early years of the 17th century, a period when the usually quiet waters of Castlehaven were the scene of _ busy strife and contention, and we will at once proceed to discuss the interesting and stirrin°- events which made Castlehaven a memorable and important place even at that remote time.

    Those who are conversant with Irish History will remember that in the year 1601, in the time of Queen Elizabeth, when Tyrone and O'Donnell in the north, and the Earl of Desmond in the south had raised the standard of revolt, a large force of

    Internet Archive sketchesincarber00dono

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere around here, close to Castlehaven, are the ruins of St. Barrahane's chapel. Castlehaven was anciently called Glenbarrahane, after St. Barrahane, the patron saint of the place. The ruins of the chapel dedicated to him can still be seen not far from the ancient castle, on the west side of the harbour, situated near a deep, rocky glen, which together with the name of the saint gave origin to the name Glenbarrahane. As far back as the beginning of the 17th century, this place was styled Cuan-an-Chaislean by the Irish, Castlehaven by the English, and Porto Costello by the Spanish, all terms carrying the same meaning. In 1601, in the time of Queen Elizabeth, Tyrone and O'Donnell in the north and the Earl of Desmond in the south had raised the standard of revolt, and a large force was involved. The usually quiet waters of Castlehaven became the scene of busy strife and contention, making Castlehaven a memorable and important place even at that remote time.

50. St. Barrahane chapel and graveyard

    Castlehaven · townland · Cork

    Near Glenbarrahane Castle and close to the beach sit the graveyard and remains of the chapel of St. Barrahane, consisting of a small triangular wall with a low narrow archway. The graveyard is the original burying-place of the Townsend, Atteridge, and Somerville families.

    Read the passage

    the chapel, which must have been of diminutive proportions, and not of much architectural beauty : there is a low, narrow archway in the centre and at the bottom of the wall. The graveyard is small in size : it is the original burying-place of the Townsend, Atteridge, and Somerville families.

    An air of solemn silence and quiet repose hangs over this lonely and sequestered glen, with its ruined castle and solitary graveyard, filled with crumbling monuments and grass-grown graves. How different must have been the scene in ages past, when the clamour of war and shout of battle which rang round O'Driscoll's fortress, made Glenbarrahane re-echo again ; or, when in calmer and less troubled times, the congregation knelt in prayer within the walls of the ancient chapel, so picturesquely situated near the sea ; but these days are gone, and we can now look with interest and advantage on the relics and ruins of the past.

    Internet Archive sketchesincarber00dono, Chapter 10

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere around here, close to Castlehaven, sits the graveyard and remains of St. Barrahane's chapel, near the sea. The chapel must have been of diminutive proportions, and not of much architectural beauty. There is a low, narrow archway in the centre and at the bottom of the wall. The graveyard is small, and it is the original burying-place of the Townsend, Atteridge, and Somerville families. An air of solemn silence and quiet repose hangs over this lonely and sequestered glen, with its ruined castle and solitary graveyard, filled with crumbling monuments and grass-grown graves. How different it must have been in ages past, when the clamour of war and shout of battle rang round O'Driscoll's fortress and made Glenbarrahane re-echo again. Or in calmer, less troubled times, when the congregation knelt in prayer within the walls of the ancient chapel. But these days are gone, and you can now look with interest on the relics and ruins of the past.

51. 1131 plundering of Rosscarbery by Donogh MacCarthy

    Ross Carbery · town · Cork · 1131

    In 1131 a hostile force from Connaught under Donogh MacCarthy attacked and plundered Rosscarbery. They were shortly afterwards defeated.

    Read the passage

    In the year 1131 a hostile force from Connaught under the command of Donogh Mac Carthy made an attack on Boss, and plundered it: they were shortly afterwards defeated.

    At the time of the English invasion all the lands connected with Ross, exclusive of what belonged to the bishop (Benedict was bishop in 1172), were granted to Fitz Stephen.

    Internet Archive sketchesincarber00dono, Chapter 15

    As the companion tells it

    As you pass through Ross Carbery in Cork, you are on ground that saw violence in 1131. A hostile force from Connaught under Donogh MacCarthy attacked and plundered the town that year. They were shortly afterwards defeated. Later, at the time of the English invasion, all the lands connected with Ross were granted to Fitz Stephen, except what belonged to the bishop.

52. Burials of O'Donovans at Myross church

    Myross · townland · Cork · 1778–1812

    Daniel O'Donovan of Bawnlaghan was buried in the church of Myross in 1778, followed by his second wife Jane Becher who died in 1812. The church served as the burial place of the senior branch of the O'Donovan family.

    Read the passage

    His children were (1) Eichard, a general in the English service ; (2) John, a captain in the English service, who was killed in the year 1796; (3) Ellen or Helena, who married John Warren, Esq., Codrum, and/ died without issue, 1840; and (4) Jane, who died unmarried in 1833. In his will, dated December, 1778, in case of failure of issue male and female in his sons, he leaves the reversion of his estates to Morgan O'Donovan, Esq., then livino- in the city of Cork, and grandfather of O'Donovan, of Montpelier, and of The O'Donovan ofLissard, Skibbereen. He was buried in the church of Myross where he was followed by. his second wife, Jane Becher, who died in 1812.

    Bawnlaghan is also styled Castlejane, a name conferred on it, I daresay, by ODonovan, in honour of his wife.

    Internet Archive sketchesincarber00dono, Chapter 11

53. Castletownsend Domain House rebuilt after 1858 fire

    Castletownsend · townland · Cork · 1858

    The Domain House or 'Big House', the seat of the Townsends, is a modern building replacing a previous structure nearly burnt to the ground accidentally in 1858. The present mansion is plain outside but comfortable within, with a mixed style of architecture favouring utility over ornament.

    Read the passage

    The present village of Castletownsend occupies the declivity of a hill, which slopes down to" the harbour at an angle of about 25 degrees, the ascent of which is no easy task, unless for a person in robust health : it is a veritable Sleepy Hollow, and some of the houses present a venerable and moss-grown appearance which entitle them to a place in a work on antiquities. The surrounding scenery needs no comment: it is the ne plus ultra of the charming and picturesque — there are a few nice villas and wellcultivated gardens in the neighbourhood. The Domain House ("The Big House"), the seat of the Townsends, is a modern building ; the previous structure was nearly burnt to the ground accidentally in 1858. The present mansion is a plain-looking structure outside, comfortable and commodious within ; of a mixed style of architecture ; the architect had an eye more to the useful than the ornamental, or picturesque ; as the view from the house is on a rather limited scale — viz., a circumscribed portion of the domain, and a bird'seye peep at the Harbour. Close to the village of Castletownsend, a short

    Sketches in Carbcrp. 147

    Internet Archive sketchesincarber00dono, Chapter 10

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere around here is the Domain House, known as the Big House, the seat of the Townsends. The present building is a modern one. The previous structure was nearly burnt to the ground by accident in 1858. The mansion you see now is plain-looking outside, but comfortable and commodious within, built in a mixed style of architecture where the architect had an eye more to the useful than the ornamental or picturesque. The view from the house is limited: a circumscribed portion of the domain, and a bird's eye peep at the Harbour. The village itself occupies the declivity of a hill, sloping down to the harbour at an angle of about 25 degrees. The ascent is no easy task unless for a person in robust health. It is a veritable Sleepy Hollow, and some of the houses present a venerable and moss-grown appearance which entitle them to a place in a work on antiquities. The surrounding scenery is the ne plus ultra of the charming and picturesque, with a few nice villas and well cultivated gardens in the neighbourhood.

54. Creagh Court at Oldcourt, O'Driscoll residence

    Oldcourt · street · Cork · 1700–1725

    The substantial but ugly-looking square building near the river at Oldcourt, formerly called Creagh Court, was occupied by Denis O'Driscoll in the beginning of the 18th century. Oldcourt derives its name from this structure.

    Read the passage

    A very interesting account, written specially for the late Dr. O'Donovan, by Eickard O'Donovan, Esq., Cork, Clerk of the Crown, is included in the appendix to a work by the former, styled the "Genealogy of Corca Laidhe," to which we refer those who are anxious to learn all minute particulars concerning the O'Driscoll history and pedigree. It appears that the substantial though ugly-looking square building near the river at Oldcourt, which latter place derives its name from this structure, was formerly called Creagh Court, and occupied by Denis O'Driscoll in the beginning of the 18th century. One of his descendants living in Charlestown, America, is supposed to be the senior representative of this family.' William Hy O'Driscoll, of Stoke, Plymouth, is said to be really the last lineal descendant of the senior branch of the O'Driscolls in the British Isles. The Mount Musick branch of the O'Driscolls, to whom the late Captain Alexander O'Driscoll belonged, so celebrated in Carbery forty years ago, were descended from Florence O'Driscoll of Eallyisland (son of Colonel Cornelius, son of Donoogh), who was born in 1677, and married in 1706 the daughter of O'Donovan, &c

    Close to South Harbour on the eastern side, the

    Internet Archive sketchesincarber00dono, Chapter 8

55. Diocese of Ross founded by St. Fachna

    Ross Carbery · town · Cork · 500–599

    Corca Laidhe was originally co-extensive with the diocese of Ross, founded by St. Fachna, one of the O'Driscoll race, in the 6th century. The diocese covered the full extent of the ancient O'Driscoll territory.

    Read the passage

    Corca Laidhe was originally co-extensive with the diocese of Eoss, founded by St. Fachna, one of the O'Driscoll race, in the 6th century. Long ' before the English invasion the O'Mahonys, whose stronghold formerly was in the neighbourhood ' of Bandon (Drohid Mahon), made a raid upon the O'Driscoll territory and possessed themselves of the western portion of Corca Laidhe, bordering the sea called Ivahah or Evagh (the western land), which •

    comprised the parishes of Kilmoe, Skull (Scoole) Kilcrohane, Durrus, Kilmaconogue, and Caheragh! Along the coast they erected the castles of Bossbrinj Ardintenant, Leamcon, and the three castles at Three Castle Head ; also, Dunbeacon and Dunmanus castles. ^

    Internet Archive sketchesincarber00dono, Chapter 2

    As the companion tells it

    As you pass through Ross Carbery, you're in the territory of Corca Laidhe, which was once co-extensive with the Diocese of Ross. That diocese was founded by St. Fachna, one of the O'Driscoll race, in the 6th century, and it covered the full extent of the ancient O'Driscoll lands. Long before the English invasion, the O'Mahonys, whose stronghold had been near Bandon, raided the O'Driscoll territory and took the western portion of Corca Laidhe along the sea. They built castles all along the coast, including Rosbrin, Ardintenant, Leamcon, three at Three Castle Head, Dunbeacon, and Dunmanus.

56. Edmund Galway forfeits Baltimore estate, purchased by Percy Freke

    Baltimore · town · Cork · 1703

    In 1703 Edmund Galway forfeited Baltimore, which had been his property, for his adherence to King James II. It was purchased at the sale of confiscated estates during Queen Anne's reign by Percy Freke of Rathbarry, ancestor of the present Lord Carbery, for £1,809.

    Read the passage

    In 1703 Edmund &alway, Esq. forfeited Baltimore, which had been for some time previously his property, for his adherence to Xing James II. It was purchased soon after at the- sale of the confiscated estates (temp. Queen Anne) by Percy Freke, Esq., of Rathbarry, ancestor of the present Lord Carbery, for £1,809, the title of whose family to the peerage dates back to 1815.

    The ancient title of Lord Baltimore, time of Jamesl., was conferred on George Calvert, a native of Yorkshire, but of Flemish extraction ; he was Secretary of State, but in 1624 was compelled to resign, having become a Roman Catholic. His second son, Cecil, obtained a grant from Charles I., 1632, of a large tract of country in America, known at present as the State of Maryland (called after Henrietta Maria, Queen of Charles I.).

    Internet Archive sketchesincarber00dono, Chapter 3

    As the companion tells it

    Coming up through Baltimore now. In 1703 Edmund Galway forfeited this town, which had been his property, for his adherence to King James II. It was purchased soon after at the sale of confiscated estates during Queen Anne's reign by Percy Freke of Rathbarry, ancestor of the present Lord Carbery, for £1,809. The family's peerage title dates back to 1815. The ancient title of Lord Baltimore, from the time of James I, was conferred on George Calvert, a native of Yorkshire but of Flemish extraction. He was Secretary of State but in 1624 was compelled to resign, having become a Roman Catholic. His second son, Cecil, obtained a grant from Charles I in 1632 of a large tract of country in America, known at present as the State of Maryland, called after Henrietta Maria, Queen of Charles I.

57. O'Hea and O'Cowhig castles of Barryroe

    Barryroe · townland · Cork

    The O'Heas possessed a tract called Pobble O'Hea in Barryroe, and Ahamilly Castle near Clonakilty. Seven castles—Dundeedy, Dunowen, Dunore, Doneen, Duno-Cowig, Dunworley, and Dungorley—built on the headlands of Ibaune and Barryroe belonged to the O'Cowhigs, now nearly extinct.

    Read the passage

    In " Carbrice Notitia" the writer states that the O'Heas possessed a tract of land in Barryroe, called "Pobble O'Hea." Bathbarry he describes as a large stately pile belonging to the Barrys Ahamilly Castle (ford of the hornless cows), near Clonakilty, belonged to the O'Heas, whilst the seven castles of Dundeedy,Dunowen,Dunore, Doneen, Duno-Cowig, Dunworley, and Dungorley, built on the bold headlands of Ibaune and Barryroe, belonged to the O'Cowhigs (victorious), but now nearly extinct.

    Sketches in Carbcry.

    Internet Archive sketchesincarber00dono, Chapter 15

    As the companion tells it

    Close to Barryroe, the O'Heas once held a tract of land called Pobble O'Hea, and Ahamilly Castle near Clonakilty belonged to them as well. Seven castles stood on the headlands of Ibaune and Barryroe, belonging to the O'Cowhigs, described as a victorious family now nearly extinct. Their castles were Dundeedy, Dunowen, Dunore, Doneen, Duno-Cowig, Dunworley, and Dungorley.

58. O'Rourke's visit to Abbeystrowry

    Abbeystrowry · townland · Cork

    Father O'Rourke's book includes a passage of fine descriptive power and pathetic eloquence referring to his visit to Abbeystrowry, a place connected with the famine's terrible events.

    Read the passage

    28th October, 1845, at a meeting of the Dublin Corporation, was : " 1st, The immediate stoppage of distillation and brewing; the prohibition of exports of all kind of provisions to foreign counti-ies ; and the free opening of our own ports for -provisions from other countries. In addition, the immediate purchase of pro zisions by Government for the starving poor, by a sum of one million, raised by necessary taxation, &c- Unfortunately, no heed was given to the proposal. Time, more precious than money, was heedlessly wasted in useless committees and superfluous scientific investigations. In countless instances the relief came afterwards when it wa3 too late. The vital spark was extinct, and could not be fanned back into a flame. The disease might have been anticipated, but could not be cured, and the gaunt spectres of famine and disease were allowed to stalk over the land, mowing down with relentless scythe their hecatombs of victims ; sparing no age nor sex, neither the robust and stalwart peasant in the prime of maDhood, the babe at the mother's breast, nor the old man tottering to the grave.* We select the following very beautiful passage from Father O'Eourke's book, which refers to his visit to Abbeystrowry. It is one of fine descriptive power, written in a strain of unaffected and truly pathetic eloquence, and a graceful simplicity of style, which must at once engage the attention of the reader, and satisfy the most critical observer. Suffice it to say, in conclusion, that the rest of the work is sustained with equal ability.

    * Many very noble examples of private benevolence, generosity, and of self-sacrificing zeal were displayed by persons of all creeds and classes throughout Great Britain, Ireland, and America during this terrible catastrophe.

    Internet Archive sketchesincarber00dono, Chapter 6

    As the companion tells it

    Somewhere around here is Abbeystrowry, the place Father O'Rourke visited and wrote about in his book. What happened in this place is bound to the famine, and to a meeting in Dublin on the 28th of October, 1845, where the Corporation put forward a proposal. They called first for the immediate stoppage of distillation and brewing. They called for the prohibition of all provisions exported to foreign countries, and for the free opening of our own ports for provisions from other countries. They called for the immediate purchase of provisions by Government for the starving poor, by a sum of one million, raised by necessary taxation. No heed was given to the proposal. Time, more precious than money, was wasted in useless committees and superfluous scientific investigations. In countless instances the relief came afterwards when it was too late. The vital spark was extinct, and could not be fanned back into a flame. The disease might have been anticipated, but could not be cured. The gaunt spectres of famine and disease were allowed to stalk over the land, mowing down with relentless scythe their hecatombs of victims, sparing no age nor sex, neither the robust peasant in the prime of manhood, the babe at the mother's breast, nor the old man tottering to the grave. Father O'Rourke's passage about his visit here is described as one of fine descriptive power, written in a strain of unaffected and truly pathetic eloquence, and a graceful simplicity of style.

59. Ruins of ancient chapel near Rosscarbery abbey site

    Ross Carbery · town · Cork

    The ruins of a small chapel erected near the site of the old abbey, within the ancient cemetery of Ross, are still visible. The north and south walls remain, built of rough unhewn stones, showing strong evidence of antiquity, though no relic of St. Fachnan's monastery survives.

    Read the passage

    Eosscarbery, or Allithir, its ancient name — . (it was called Eosscarbery to distinguish it from Eoss in "Wexford) — wa,s founded by St. Fachtnan about the year 590, according to Colgan. Other authorities say that, in the early part of the sixth century, he came from the Abbey of Molana, near Youghal, and founded an abbey here for regular canons. The ruins of a chapel erected at some dis-

    Sketches in Carbery. 219

    Internet Archive sketchesincarber00dono, Chapter 15

    As the companion tells it

    Coming through Ross Carbery now. St. Fachtnan founded an abbey here about the year 590, having come from the Abbey of Molana near Youghal, for regular canons. The ruins of a small chapel still stand, its north and south walls built of rough unhewn stone, within the ancient cemetery. Nothing of St. Fachtnan's original monastery survives.

60. Sir George Carew's army marched through Leap to Dunboy siege

    Leap · town · Cork · 1602

    Leap formed part of the route of Sir George Carew's army on their way to the siege of Dunboy. According to the 'Pacata Hibernia,' after leaving Rosscarbery on 25 April 1602, Carew passed over The Leap, thence to Castlehaven and Baltimore.

    Read the passage

    This place formed part of the route through which Sir George Carew's army marched on their way to the siege of Dunboy, as we learn from the " Pacata Hibernia" that, after leaving Eosscarbery on the 25th April, 1602, Carew passed over The Leap, thence to Castlehaven and Baltimore, and so on. Before the present main road was laid down across Leap the passage over the ravine must have been difficult and dangerous. Smith says : —

    " At the upper end of Glandore Harbour is a deep and dangerous glen, called ' The Leap,' on both

    Internet Archive sketchesincarber00dono, Chapter 14

    As the companion tells it

    As you come through Leap, you're on a route an army once took. On 25 April 1602, Sir George Carew left Rosscarbery and passed over The Leap on his way to the siege of Dunboy, pressing on to Castlehaven and Baltimore. Before the present road was laid down, crossing the ravine here was difficult and dangerous. Smith called it a deep and dangerous glen at the upper end of Glandore Harbour.