A topographical dictionary of Ireland : comprising the several counties; cities; boroughs; corporate, market and post towns; parishes; and villages, with historical and statistical descriptions embellished with engravings of the arms of the cities, bishopricks, corporate towns, and boroughs ; and of the seals of the several municipal corporations .. (vol. 2)

Each story keeps the passage it was read from. Open one to read it as the scan has it, and, where the companion has written its own telling, that too. The passages are read off photographs of the page by machine, so a word here and there comes out wrong; they are kept as the reading produced them, so you can check any of them against the scan.

1. General Ludlow takes Ross Castle in 1652

   Ross Castle · castle · Kerry · 1652

   In 1652, General Ludlow captured Ross Castle and forced Lord Muskerry to surrender his troops, which numbered around 5,000 men, finally reducing County Kerry.

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   The lands forfeited by these successive rebellions, including the vast possessions of the Earl of Desmond, were portioned out to English adventurers. The principal of these were Sir William Herbert, Sir Valentine Browne, Sir Edward Denny, Robert Blenncrhasset, and Capt. Jenkins Conway : besides whom other settiers obtained grants, from whom the families of Spring Rice, Morris, and Gunn, descended. Before this period Kerry had been considered the most flourishing part of the south of Ireland, abounding with corn, and the best inhabited county of Munster. But the state of misery, depopulation, aud ruin to which the whole had been reduced by the wars was most appalling. The custom of tanistry was formally abolished here by a judgment of the king's bench, in 160.5. On the breaking out of the war in 1641, the old native families took part with the insurgents ; appointed a governor of the county i and levied men, whose hostilities caused as many of the English gentlemen as were able to retire either to join the Lord-President St. Leger, or to pass over into England, while others fortified themselves in places of strength. By the end of 164'2 the Irish were masters of every place in the county, with the exception of Ballingarry Castle : Rinuncini landed in Kenmare bay in 1645, and died in a wood near Tulligaron, in the vicinity of Tralee. But the county was finally reduced in 165*2, by General Ludlow, who took Ross Castle, and compelled Lord Muskerry to surrender his troops, amounting to about 5000 men. Extensive grants were now made to new English settlers, out of the estates forfeited in these disastrous commotions ; and a colony of English was planted on the Kenmare river in the south, by Sir William Petty, who obtained large grants of land here, and carried on the iron trade with great activity so long as timber could be procured for smelting. In 16S9, however, the colony was attacked by the Irish in King James's interest, to whom, after some resistance, it was compelled to surrender on terms ; and the Protestant settlers of the entire county were much harassed and plundered, and for the most part driven out. In a report made to King William's government, and now among the Harleian MSS. in the British Museum, this county is described to be " of large extent, almost surrounded by the sea, and in it the most and best harbours of any county in the kingdom ; full of woods, bogs, and mountains, yet intermixed with pleasant valleys, full of people, and the most quiet and peaceable part of Ireland ; the country full of cattle, and great store of corn in the ground ; and in the last wars, when all Ireland was reduced, this one county kept near 10,000 men almost two years in action ; and hither came the Earl of Clancarty and all the officers of his army, and in Ross, a place by nature of great strength, made good terms and so went off. It may Vol. II.— 9

   Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 7

2. General Wolfe's birthplace at Kilmurry

   Kilmurry · townland · Wicklow

   General Wolfe, renowned for the capture of Quebec, was born at Kilmurry in the parish of Kilmacanogue, county Wicklow. The parish lies between the Great and Small Sugar Loaf mountains.

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   KILMACANOGUE, a parish, in the union and barony of Rathdown, county of Wicklow, and province of Lei.nster, "i^ miles (S. S. W.) from Bray, and on the road from Dublin to Wexford ; containing '2336 inhabitants. The village comprises 17 houses, and is situated between the bases of the Great and Small Sugar Loaf mountains, on the road to the Glen of the Downs. The parish comprises 5401^ statute acres, including a considerable quantity of mountainous waste land and some bog ; the system of agriculture is improving. The seats are, HoUybrooke House, the residence of Sir G. F. Hodson, Bart., a handsome mansion in the Elizabethan style, erected in 1S35, and surrounded with beautiful grounds ; Wingfield ; Kilmacanogue House; Grove Hill; and several other good houses. The parish is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of Dublin and Glendalough, forming part of the union of Delgany : the tithe rent-charge is £90. 12. 6. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish is part of the district of Bray, and contains a small chapel. The remains of the church, covered with ivy, are in the burial-ground. General Wolfe was born at Kilmurry, in this parish.

   Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 41

3. Gentlemen's seats around Killaloe with lake views

   Killaloe · town · Clare

   Several gentlemen's seats near Killaloe command views of the lake and beautiful scenery along its shores, including Ballyvalley, Tinerana, Ryhinch, Derry Castle, Castle Lough, Youghall, and Ogonilloe. Ballyvalley in particular offers a fine view of the town and bridge with the river falls.

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   The PARISH comprises 10,707^ statute acres, and is generally under profitable cultivation ; the surrounding scenery, as already observed, is beautifully diversified, and in many parts truly picturesque. Near the town, on the west bank of the Shannon, is Clarrisford House, the episcopal palace, finely situated in a highly improved demesne, near the only ford across the river into this county from that of 'I'ipperary ; the mansion is handsome and of modern appearance, and, though small, forms a pleasant residence. There are several other gentlemen's seats, most of which command views of the lake and the beautiful scenery along its shores : the principal are, Ballyvalley, from which is a fine view of the town and bridge, with the falls on the river ; Tinerana ; Ryhinch ; Derry Castle ; Castle Lough ; Youghall ; and Ogonilloe. The living is a perpetual curacy, in the patronage of the Dean and Chapter ; the rectory is appropriate to the economy fund of the cathedral : the tithe rent-charge is £276. 18. 6., of which £221. 10. are payable to the economy fund, and the remainder to the bishop, as mensal tithes ; the stipend of the curate is £60 per annum, paid out of the economy fund. The glebe-house was erected in 1824, by aid of £500 and a loan of £50 from the Board of First Fruits ; the glebe comi>rises 4 acres. The Roman Catholic parish is co-extensive with that of the Established Church ; there are four chapels, also a place of worship for Presbyterians. Near the town is a rath, where was formerly the castle or palace of Brien Boroihrae, monarch of all Ireland : this fort, called Ceanchora or Kinkora, was destroyed by Domohall Mac Adgail, Prince of Tyrconnell, during the absence of INIurtogh, grandson of Brien ; the site has been levelled and planted, and few vestiges of the original building can be traced.

   Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 33

4. Gentlemen's seats around Stranorlar

   near Stranorlar · town · Donegal

   Numerous gentlemen's seats graced the neighbourhood of Stranorlar, including Drumboe Castle (residence of Sir E. Hayes), Tyrcallen (property of the Marquess Conyngham, with an observatory), Edenmore on the south bank of the Fin, Woodlands, Glenmore, Curcam, and Cloghan Lodge.

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   STRANORLAR, a market and post town, a parish, and the head of a union, in the barony of Raphoe, county of Donegal, and province of Ulster; 10^ miles (W. byS.) from Lifford, and 118 (N. W.byN.) from Dublin, on the road from Strabane to Ballyshannon, and on the river Fin ; containing 6l6 1 inhabitants, of whom 385 are in the town. The parish, according to the Ordnance survey, comprises 15, ,509 statute aires, of which 159 are covered by water. That part which forms the estate of Sir Edmund Hayes is under an improved system of agriculture, but the other part appears to be neglected. Here are two veins containing spar, ochre, and apparently lead-ore ; they are in a limestone rock, and in the vicinity are great bodies of decomposed limestone, forming excellent manure : some is quarried for building. The stupendous mountains of Barnesmore, alike remarkable for their perpendicular ascent and for their beautifully varied rocks and herbage, form the Gap of the same name, situated just without the southwestern extremity of the parish ; through this gap a fine stream flows into Lough Esk, and it is also the pass between the north and west of Ireland, coastwise, and on the leading road to Donegal. The town comprises SI houses, of which '20 are well built, the remainder being occupied by labourers and artisans. Here are two good hotels ; also a market and court house. The market, at which fine brown linen is sold, is held every Saturday ; and there are fairs on March 29th, June nth, July 6th, Aug. 12th, Oct. lOth, and Dec. 9th and 10th. Manor courts are held in the court-house before the seneschal on the first Saturday in every month; and petty-sessions are held on alternate Wednesdays. The linen manufacture is partially carried on ; there are two extensive bleach-greens near the town. In the neighbourhood are numerous gentlemen's seats, among which are, Drumboe Castle, the residence of Sir E. Hayes, situated on a pretty lawn in the centre of an improved demesne ; Tyrcallen, the property of the Marquess Conyngham, a beautiful and extensively planted demesne, on the principal elevation in which stands an observatory ; Edenmore, a neat mansion, in a small but handsome demesne, on the south bank of the Fin ; ■VN'oodlands, a modem residence ; Glenmore, a mansion in improved grounds ; Curcam, the seat of the Stewart family ; and Cloghan Lodge, the occasional residence of Sir T. C. Style, Bart., near the romantic waterfall and salmon-leap of this name on the Fin.

   Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 302

5. Gentlemen's seats around Tralee

   Ballyseedy · townland · Kerry

   Principal gentlemen's seats in the vicinity of Tralee included Ballyseedy, a finely planted demesne, and Oak Park, noted for grounds well wooded with oak including trees of singular size and beauty. Other seats listed were Belmont, Ballard House, Spring Lodge, and others.

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   The parish contains 4605 statute acres : it is intersected by the small rivers Ballymullen and Leigh, which unite just before they fall into the strait or haven at the western entrance of the town. The soil is in general of superior quality, and chiefly in pasturage ; the system of agriculture is gradually improving : the parish contains some mountain pasture and shallow bog. Limestone and black marble are found within its limits : the materials with which the new court-house was constructed were chiefly raised from a quarry of fine limestone near the Castle green, which has been since filled up and planted. Sea-weed from Tralee bay is in general use for manure. The principal gentlemen's seats in the vicinity are, Ballyseedy, a finely planted demesne ; Oak Park, situated in grounds well wooded with oak, among which are some trees of singular size and beauty ; Belmont ; Ballard House ; Spring Lodge ; Lower Cannon ; Magh ; Chute Hall ; Spring Hill ; Arbella ; Plover Hill ; and Frogmore Lodge. The living is a rectory, in the diocese of Ardfert and Aghadoe, and in the patronage of Sir Edw. Denny : the tithe rent-charge is £306. 6. The glebe-house is a large and commodious building, adjoining the church ; the glebe comprises 11 statute acres. The church was enlarged in 181" by aid of a loan of £"2450 from the late Board of First Fruits, and more recently enlarged and thoroughly repaired by a fund raised by subscription and the sale of the pews ; it is a handsome structure with a square tower surmounted with pinnacles. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish is the head of a district, comprising also the greater part of the parishes of Annagh, Clogherbrien, and Ratass : the chapel is a spacious edifice, the entrance to which from the High-street is by a fine avenue bordered with trees. A convent for nuns of the order of the Presentation, established about '20 years since, has a small chapel attached to it ; and there are places of worship for Calvinistic Independents, Presbyterians, and 'Wesleyau Methodists.

   Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 350

6. Geological finds at Kilronan and Knockhouse near Waterford

   Kilronan · townland · Waterford

   The rural districts around Waterford display varied geology: sienite and hornblende at Kilronan, talcous slate and serpentine near Knockhouse, and lydian stone on the road to Annestown, reflecting the area's argillaceous schistus and red sandstone substrata.

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   tained in the parish of Kilculliheen, all the lands on the opposite bank of the river in the parishes of Kilbarry and Killoteran, and the town of Passage ; comprehending together 96S3 statute acres, of which several hundred acres are occupied by the city aud suburbs. The rural districts present no great peculiarity of character : the northern part chiefly consists of high grounds, commanding fine views of the city ; and on the opposite side, especially on the banks of the river above the city, are some elevated lands, except near the course of John's river, where is an extensive level of marshy land. The prevailing substratum is argillaceous schistus, with silicious breccia near the summits of the hills, over which red sandstone frequently occurs : sienite and hornblende are found at Kilronan ; talcous slate near Knockhouse ; lydian stone on the road to Annestown ; hornstone and jasper, alternating with flinty slate, in the same neighbourhood ; and serpentine, resting on a blueish-black quartzose rock, at Knockhouse. The face of Bilberry rock, over the river Suir, above the city, presents a very interesting section, in which, in addition to the above-named minerals, are veins of quartz, comprising a considerable quantity of micaceous iron-ore and scalygraphite, both passing into oxyde of iron and jasper, and in some places forming, with the quartz, a beautiful jaspery iron-stone ; brown crystallised quartz, with minute crystals of chlorite ; red ochre in abundance ; sulphate of barytes ; oxyde of titanium ; bituminous shale ; talcous slate ; and arsenieurate of iron. The principal gentlemen's seats in the vicinity are. New Park, the residence of the late Rt. Hon. Sir John Newport, Bart., who represented this city in parliament for a series of years ; Belmont House, of Sir Henry W^inston Barron ; Mullinabro' ; May Park ; Belmont ; Mount Pleasant ; Ballinamona ; Killaspy ; Bellevue ; Bishop's Hall ; Faithlegg House ; Woodstown, of Lord Carew ; Woodstown, of the Earl of Huntingdon ; Summerfield ; Harbour View; Droniona ; Grantstown ; and Blenheim Lodge.

   Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 386

7. George Farquhar born in Londonderry, 1678

   near Derry · city · Derry · 1678

   George Farquhar, the dramatic poet, was born in Londonderry in 1678. The city also gives the titles of Earl and Marquess to the Stewart family.

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   In addition to the Ecclesiastical buildings already recorded, here was a Franciscan Mendicant friary of unknown foundation, with a churchyard containing about three acres, the site of which is occupied by Abbeystreet and others ; the foundations were discovered a few years ago by some workmen, but no vestiges of any of the buildings are now remaining. The only religious house preserved on the erection of the new city was the church of St. Augustine, which was repaired, and used prior to the erection of the present cathedral, after which it was known as " the Little church ;" its site is now occupied by the bishop's garden. A small square tower was built by O'Dogherty for ODonoll, in the 15th or I6th century ; but no vestige of it can now be traced. Near the Roman Catholic chapel, outside the walls, are St. Columb's If'elts, originally three in number, and called by separate names, but of which one is dried up ; the water, though considered in remote parts of the island a specific for diseases of the eye, is here held in little repute. In the centre of St. Columb's-lane, adjacent to the wells, is .S^ Columb's Stone, on each side of which are two oval hollows artificially formed, concerning which various legends are related ; the water deposited by rain in these hollows is believed to possess a miraculous power in curing various diseases. The shutting of the gates by the apprentice boys on Dec. 7th, 1688 (O. S.), and the opening of them on Aug. l'2th following, are annually commemorated, but the ceremony has been somewhat modified since ISS^, in which year an act was passed declaring such a commemoration illegal ; they have led to the establishment of three distinct clubs of apprentice boys, under ditferent denominations. George Farquhar, the dramatic poet, was born here in 16*8; and the Rev. William Hamilton, D.D., author of " Letters concerning the Northern Coast of the County of Antrim," and other productions on natural history, who was assassinated at tlie house of Dr. Waller, at Sharon, on March 2nd, 1797, was also a native of the place. Londonderry gives the titles of Earl and !Marquess to the family of Stewart.

   Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 106

8. Giant's Cave cromlech and discovery of engraved urns

   near Maghera · town · Derry · 1837

   A cromlech known as the Giant's Cave stood opposite several large stones. In 1837, ploughing near the site revealed several curiously engraved urns containing human bones.

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   the larger. Opposite to these are several large stones, the remains of a cromlech, here called the Giant's Cave ; on ploughing the ground near which, in 183", several urns were found, curiously engraved, and containing human bones. The late Commodore Watson was proprietor of Brook-Hill, and resided here for a short period before his return to India, where he died of his wounds.

   Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 129

9. Giant's grave at Milford

   Millford · town · Donegal

   At Milford, near Kilmacrenan in Donegal, is a site known as the Giant's grave. The area also contains a rocking-stone and a cromlech at nearby Lough Keil.

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   lough, which is S15 feet above the level of the sea, and ■204 feet deep, is on the side of the nmuntain ; and from its vicinity, fine views of Lough Swilly to the east, and Letterkenny and the surrounding country to the south and west, are obtained. In the neighbourhood of the lake is a rocking-stone ; there is a cromlech at Lough Keil, and at Milford the Giant's grave.

   KILMACSHALGAN, a parish, in the barony of Tyreragh, union and county of Sligo, and province of CoN.VAiGHT, 16 miles (W. byS.) from Sligo; containing, with the post-town of Dromore-West, 387'2 inhabitants. It comprises 26,008^ statute acres, the greater portion of which is reclaimable mountain land and bog ; the cultivated part is chiefly under tillage ; and there are quarries of limestone, freestone, and slate. The principal seats are Dromore House, Fare M'^Fare, Belville, and Marino Cottage. Petty-sessions are held fortnightly on Thursdays at Comcall, where there is a spa. The living is a vicarage, in the diocese of Killala, with that of Templeboy episcopally united, and in the patronage of the Bishop ; the rectory is impropriate in Colonel Knox Gore. The tithe rent-charge of the parish is £300, payable in equal parts to the impropriator and the vicar ; and the tithe of the whole vicarial union is £30*. 10. : there is a glebe-house, and the glebe comprises nine acres. The church is a neat edifice with a square tower, for the erection of which the Board of First Fruits lent £1300, in ISW. The Roman Catholic parish is co-extensive with that of the Established Church, and has a large chapel. There are some remains of the church, with a burial-place attached ; two cromlechs ; and some forts.

   Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 43

10. Giant's grave barrow near Clonaslee

    Clonaslee · townland · Laois

    A barrow known locally as the "Giant's grave" is situated near the site of Manman's monastery, which was called the "hermitage of the rocks," and Kilmanman church.

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    KILMANMAN, or Clonaslee, a parish, in the union of Mount.mellick, barony of Tinnehincii, Queen's county, and province of Leinster, 4 miles (S. E.) from Balliboy ; containing 4565 inhabitants. The name signifies the " church of Manman," and a church is said to have been founded here in the 7th century. Manman built the monastery of Lanchoil, or Lahoil, and called it ('orrii;ee)i, or the " hermitage of the rocks;" it is about two miles west from Kilmanman church, and near it is a barrow, called the " Giant's grave." At Killyshane was a nunnery, the burialground of which, with several monumental stones of great antiquity, was discovered in I768. A manor court is held monthly at Clonaslee, which is a constabulary police station. The parish comprises l6,848i statute acres ; and is in the diocese of Kildare : the rectory is impropriate in General E. Dunne ; the vicarage forms part of the union of Rosinallis, or Oregan ; and a perpetual curacy, consisting of this parish and two townlands of the parish of Rerymore, and called Clonaslee, is in the patronage of the Vicar. The tithe rent-charge is £'212. 10. 9-, of which £133. 1. are payable to the impropriator, £44. I7. 4. to the vicar, and the remainder to the perpetual curate. The church is at Clonaslee, and was rebuilt in 1814. Besides the vicar's glebe, the perpetual curate has a glebe-house and a glebe of '27 statute acres. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish forms the greater part of the district of Clonaslee, where the chapel is situated. There are two public schools at Clonaslee, under the Church Education Society and the National Board respectively. In this parish is Lough Annagh, which is three miles in circumference, and abounds with pike, roach, and perch : in the middle of the lake, where it is most shallow, certain oak framing is yet visible ; and there is a traditional report that in the war of 1641 a party of insurgents had a wooden house erected on this platform, whence they went out at night in a boat and plundered the surrounding country. The principal residences are, Brittas ; Castle Cuffe, in the grounds of which are the ruins of the baronial house erected by the first Sir Charles Coote, Bart., and destroyed in 1641 ; Edge Hill; and Coolnabanch. That this district was formerly well wooded, appears from Queen Elizabeth having thanked an English commander for conducting a party of her cavalry through the woods of Oregan. — See Clonaslee.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 44

11. Giants' Graves and Lugna Clogh cromlech near Sligo

    Sligo · town · Sligo

    About two miles from Sligo on the Dublin road, the ground is covered with Druidical circles locally called Giants' Graves. One, named Lugna Clogh, is a cromlech of large stones beneath which human bones have been discovered.

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    Among the antiquities maybe mentioned the remains of a round tower at Drumcliffe, of coarser construction and smaller dimensions than any other now known ; it is considerably injured by time : at the same place are two stone crosses, one in a perfect state, the other much mutilated and decayed. About two miles from Sligo, on the Dublin road, the ground is overspread to a great extent with Druidical circles, called by the peasantry Giants" Graves : one of them, Lugna Clogh, is a cromlech of large stones, under which human bones have been found. The name of Giants' houses has been given 3X2

    SLIG

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 291

12. Giant's Steps and Armour's Hole near Newcastle

    near Newcastle · town · Down

    Within a mile and a half of Newcastle is a place called the Giant's Steps, near which is a cavity of great depth resembling the shaft of a mine, called Armour's Hole, from the circumstance of a person of that name having been lost in it.

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    The trade of the port consists chiefly in the export of cattle, grain, and potatoes ; and the import of coal, iron, salt, &c. : the gross estimated value of the exports in a recent year was £3681, and of the imports £3156. A pier has been erected on an extensive scale, at an expense of £30,000 ; it is accessible at high water to vessels of large burthen, and has been very beneficial to the trade of the town. Granite of fine quality abounds in the neighbourhood; a quarry was opened in 1824, by J. Lynn, Esq., and the stone is conveyed from the mountain by a rail-road to the pier, where large quantities of it are shipped. From this quarry was raised the stone for the court-house, new prison, infirmary, and fever hospital, of Downpatrick ; the chapel of ease in this town ; and the spire of Inch church. Newcastle is the head of a coast-guard district, which extends from Strangford to Warren Point, including the stations of Gun Island, Ardglass, St. John's Point or Killough, Leestone, and Cranfield ; comprising a force of one resident inspector, seven officers, and 66 men. A receiving-house for letters in the town is in connexion with Castlewellan ; and a constabulary police force has been stationed here. The chapel of ease is a handsome building, with a spire at the east end ; it was erected at an expense of £1500 by Earl Annesley, who pays the curate a stipend of £100. In the mountains and streams near Newcastle are found fine specimens of rock-crystal, of the various hues of beryl, emerald, amethyst, and topaz ; some of which have brought high prices. Sand-eels are obtained in great numbers on the beach at particular seasons. Within a mile and a half is a place called the Giant's steps, near which is a cavity of great depth, resembling the shaft of a mine, and called Armour's Hole, from the circumstance of a

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 200

13. Glandore and Kilfinnan castle ruins modernised into residences

    near Glandore · population centre · Cork

    The parish of Kilfaughnabeg has interesting remains of an old church. The ancient castles of Glandore and Kilfinnan, once extensive, have been modernised and enlarged to form handsome residences.

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    parishes were separated on the demise of the late incumbent, and Kilfaughnabeg is now a distinct benefice, in the patronage of the Bishop : a church has been fitted up at Glandore. The tithe rent-charge is £'2'23. 4., all payable to the incumbent, who is both rector and vicar. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish forms part of the district of Kilmacabea, and has a chapel at Glandore. There are some interesting remains of the old church j those of the ancient castles of Glandore and Kilfinnan, which were extensive, have been modernised and enlarged, forming the handsome residences previously noticed.

    KILFEACLE, a parish, in the barony of Clan William, union and county of Tiiterary, and province of Munster, 35 miles (S. E. by li.) from Tipperary, on the road from that place to Cashel ; containing 2176 inhabitants. It comprises 6501 statute acres; some of the land is of excellent quality, and good limestone is abundant. A fair is held on July lOth, chiefly for wool and lambs. The parish is in the diocese of Cashel, and is a rectory, forming part of the ecclesiastical union of Tipperary: the tithe rent-charge is £276. 18. 6. In the Roman Catholic divisions Kilfeacle forms part of the district of Golden, and has a chapel near the Moat. There are the remains of castles at Grantstown and Castle-Field ; also a large Danish moat.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 24

14. Glanleam: seat of the Knight of Kerry

    Glanleam · townland · Kerry

    Glanleam was the beautiful seat of the Knight of Kerry on Valencia Island, listed among the principal residences alongside Corobeg and Reenellen, the private residence of the incumbent Rev. Mr. Day.

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    The island comprises 6371 statute acres, of which about 4500 belong to the Knight of Kerry; about r200 to Trinity College, Dublin ; and the remainder to Henry Herbert, Esq. : the Knight rents the college lands. The soil is in general light, with a porous subsoil, and is capable of being easily drained ; there are large tracts of fertile land : some improvements have been made in agriculture, and green crops are now cultivated with great success. The want of lime is remedied by the use of calcareous sand, which, with sea-weed, is the general manure. The principal residences on the island are, Glanlcem, the beautiful seat of the Knight of Kerry; Corobeg ; and Reenellen, the private residence of the incumbent of the parish, the Rev. Mr. Day. The number of houses now exceeds 560, mostly scattered over the island and of a single story. Within these few years a town has been commenced, called in the Ordnance sur\ ey " Knightstow-n," contiguous to the eastern landing-place ; a comfortable hotel has been erected, and is about to be improved with baths and additional accommodation : there is a large store for the purchase and export of corn, butter, and other agricultural produce. An extensive establishment of saw- mills has been formed, for cutting blocks of slate-stone into slabs, by means of steam-power ; and additional buildings are in course of erection. New lines of streets have been laid out, and houses are being built for the workpeople and tradesmen connected with the saw-mills ; several shops have been opened ; and an active spirit of enterprise prevails. Near the town is a station for the coast-guard, close to the principal anchorage. Some years ago, a pier was constructed at the joint expense of the Knight of Kerry and the late Fishery Board, and vessels of 200 tons can lie here in safety ; but it requires considerable extension to be suitable to the existing traffic, the exports of slate, corn, butter, &c., direct to the London market, having greatly increased within the last two years. There is a ferry-slip or pier at the opposite shore of Reenard. In the town are a sub-post office in connexion with Cahirciveen ; a petty-sessions' house ; and a dispensary.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 370

15. Glaslacken slate quarries

    Glaslacken · townland · Wexford

    Glaslacken was the site of a major slate quarry, the property of A. Colclough, Esq. The slate from these quarries was once in great estimation before the introduction of Welsh slate reduced demand.

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    fuel. On the banks of the Slaney is found pebblelimestone, which is burnt for manure by the proprietors of the adjacent lands ; and a marl-pit has been discovered on the estate of Rylands, which is the only one in the neighbourhood. Limestone and culm for the whole of this district are brought, at a very great expense, from the county of Carlow, between which and Enniscorthy a communication might easily be made by a railroad along the bank of the river Slaney, which from Enniscorthy to this place preserves a continued level, eminently adapted to the purpose. The expense would be very inconsiderable, when compared with the advantages resulting from it to so wide a district, and might be defrayed by the freight of limestone and culm alone, independently of the remuneration that might arise from the facility of conveyance it would afford for the produce of the extensive quarries in the neighbourhood. Slate of excellent quality, building-stone, and granite abound in the immediate vicinity. The principal slatequarries are at Drumcree and Glaslacken, the former the property of Lord Farnham, now under lease to Captain Browne, and the latter the property of A. Colclough, Esq. : these quarries formerly were very extensively worked, and the slate in great estimation ; but since the introduction of Welsh slate, the demand has considerably diminished. The granite is found in loose masses on the declivities of both banks of the river Clody, and some of the best quality is found in the deer-park of Carrigduff, adjoining the W^oodfield demesne ; the quarries of building- stone are very extensively worked. Coal is supposed to exist in the townland of Ryland, the property of Lord Farnham ; but it has not yet been sought for. In the town is a mansion, the residence of the late Lord Farnham before he succeeded to the title; the gardens are laid out with great taste, and stocked with many varieties of choice plants. In the vicinity, but principally in the parish of Kilrush, is Woodfield, the seat of Lord Farnham, a handsome mansion beautifully situated in a richly wooded demesne extending into the parishes of Barragh and Clonegal ; the grounds are tastefully disposed, and embellished with verdant lawns sloping to the margin of the river. The other seats are Weston Cottage and Rylandville. The inhabitants are chiefly employed in agriculture, and in the stone and slate quarries ; and near the town is an extensive flour- mill.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 213

16. Glaslough and its picturesque demesne landscape

    Glaslough · town · Monaghan

    Glaslough, near the northern boundary of County Monaghan, gives its name to a flourishing town. The fertility, gentle undulations, extensive demesne, fine old timber, and numerous plantations around its banks combine to form a delightful landscape.

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    The SURFACE of Monaghan is described by old writers as being very mountainous, and covered with wood ; it is, however, rather hilly than mountainous, and is now entirely stripped of its ancient forests. The Slievebeagh or Slabbay mountains form an uninterrupted ridge of high land along the north-western boundary, separating the county from Tyrone, and exhibiting an uninteresting waste, with none of the romantic features that often atone for the want of fertility. The next mountain in point of extent is Cairnmore, whose summit commands a very expanded prospect, comprising the whole of this county, and parts of those of Armagh, Fermanagh, Cavan, Leitrim, Down, Tyrone, Louth, and Meath ; Lough Erne, studded with beautiful islands, is also in full view, as are the numerous lakes scattered throughout the county. Crieve hill, towards the south, though not of such extent as Cairnmore, is more elevated, also commanding views both extensive and varied ; it is about six miles in circumference, and waters flow from it in opposite directions, on one side, in a stream towards Dundalk and on the other towards Ballyshannon. The LAKES are numerous and highly interesting. On Cairnmore is one of considerable size, and very deep ; it has no apparent outlet for its waters, is always agitated, and is surrounded by a very wide strand. Another, called Lough Eagish, covers about 50 acres, and is also very deep : its waters are extremely useful for the supply of the neighbouring bleach-greens, fourteen of which are worked by the stream flowing from it, the tail-race of one mill forming the head of the next in succession ; the lake is under the care of an engineer, whose duty it is to regulate the flow of the water, so as to allow every claimant his fair proportion. But the largest and most interesting of all the lakes is that of Castle-Blayney, also called Lough Muckno : it is about 3 miles in length, covers upwards of 600 acres, and is embellished with numerous beautifully wooded islands ; the shores are exceedingly romantic, and the demesne and woods of Lord Blayney's mansion entirely surround its fertile banks. Glaslough, which gives name to a flourishing and beautiful town, and is situated near the northern boundary of the county, is somewhat less than that of Castle-Blayney ; but the fertility and gentle undulations around its banks, the extensive demesne, the fine old timber, and the numerous plantations, combine to form a delightful landscape. Near Mount Louise is a beautiful lake ; the land rises suddenly and boldly from its shores, presenting an unusual inland scene, but the absence of wood considerably diminishes the effect. The town of Ballybay is situated between two lakes of considerable beauty. At Datvson-Groi-e is a peculiarly interesting lake, around which is some sylvan scenery, rarely found in the north : there are other very pretty lakes, particularly those of Emy, Leesborough, Crieve, and White Lough,hes\des upwards of ISO upon a smaller scale, scattered over every part of the county.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 159

17. Glebe Castle: a Rathkeale residence of mysterious name

    Rathkeale · town · Limerick

    The Glebe Castle, standing on the parochial glebe near the church in Rathkeale, serves as the residence of the incumbent of the adjoining parish of Kilscannel. The origin of its singular name has not been ascertained.

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    20,000 barrels of wheat annually, and gives employment to 100 persons. A lead-mine at Curraghnadaly, a mile from Rathkeale, was till recently worked : there are indications of the same metal at Mount Brown, three miles distant ; and in the immediate neighbourhood a^e strong indications of rich silver-ore. The country is highly interesting, presenting a number of varied prospects embellished with numerous seats and flourishing woods and plantations : the most remarkable seats are, Beechmount, Ballywilliam, Mount Brown, Knocknakilla, Rathkeale Abbey, Wilton House, Brownville, Deansfort, Mount Southwell, Enniscoush, Stoneville, the Glebe Castle, the residence of the incumbent of the adjoining parish of Kilscannel, and the origin of the singular name of which has not been ascertained, and Castle Matress or Matrix, of Mr. Southwell Brown. This castle, which stands about a mile from the town, was erected in the reign of Elizabeth, and is a square castellated building, 90 feet high ; it was besieged by Cromwell, but the only traces of injury it retains are the marks of a few cannon shot. The structure occupies a prominent situation on the banks of the Deel, forming a picturesque object in the landscape, and commanding extensive views of the surrounding country, including the Shannon, and the Clare and Tipperary mountains ; it was lately put into a state of complete repair, in doing w hich due attention was paid to preserve its original character by its proprietor. All these residences are within the parish ; not far distant from the town are Altavilla, Riddlestown, Clonard, Elm Hill, Glenville, Cahermoyle, and Nantinan House.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 250

18. Glebe-house at Laracor built 1813

    Laracor · townland · Meath · 1813

    The glebe-house at Laracor was built in 1813 with the aid of a gift of £200 and a loan of £550 from the Board of First Fruits. The glebe comprises 21 acres.

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    LARACOR, a parish, in the union of Trim, barony of Lower Moyfenragh, county of Meath, and province of Leinster ; containing, with the post-town of Summerhill (which is separately described), 2682 inhabitants. The parish comprises 8335 statute acres, of which about two-thirds are under tillage ; the remainder, with the exception of some bog near Summerhill, is good pasturage. The western part consists of limestonegravel, and the eastern of a strong clayey loam. The principal seats are Rock Lodge, Freffans, Spring Valley, Baymount, and Adamstown. The living is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of Meath, and in the patronage of the Crown; the tithe rent-charge is £311. 11. The glebe-house was built in 1813, by aid of a gift of £200 and a loan of £550 from the Board of First Fruits; the glebe comprises 21 acres. The church is an ancient edifice, which it is intended to rebuild; it contains a handsome monument to the memory of Sir Colley Wellesley, Knt., this having been the burial-place of the Wellesley, as it still is of the Perceval, family. In the former parochial school-house at Summerhill, now used as a sessions-house, divine service is performed on Sunday evenings. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish is the head of a district, called Summerhill, which includes the parishes of Laracor, Agher, Drumlargan, and Gallow ; there is a chapel at Dangan, in Laracor, and another at Gallow. At Summerhill is a place of worship for Presbyterians in connexion with the Synod of Munster, the minister of which receives an annual grant of royal bounty. The parochial school is now at Dangan, and there is a school at Rocklodge ; a school in Summerhill is under the patronage of the

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 63

19. Glebe-house built at Rathregan, 1822

    Rathregan · townland · Meath · 1822

    The glebe-house of the Dunshaughlin union was built within Rathregan parish in 1822, aided by a loan of £562 from the Board of First Fruits. The parish also contained a constabulary police station and served as head of the Roman Catholic district of Batterstown.

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    RATHREGAN, a parish, in the poor-law union of DuNSHAUGHLiN, barony of Ratoath, county of Meath, and province of Leinster, 2 miles (S. byW.) from Dunshaughlin, and on the road from Dublin to Trim ; containing 304 inhabitants. This parish comprises 2571 statute acres of tolerably good land, mostly pasture. Here is a constabulary police station. Rathregan is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of Meath, forming part of the union of Dunshaughlin ; the tithe rent-charge is £90, and the glebe, consisting of 23 acres, is valued at £40 per annum. The glebe-house of the union is within the parish ; it was built in 1822 by aid of a loan of £.'j62 from the Board of First Fruits. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish is the head of a district, called Batterstown, comprising the parishes of Rathregan, Ballymaglasson, Balfeaghan, Raddonstown, Kilcloon, and Moyglare ; and containing three chapels.

    RATHROE, a parish, in the union of New Ross, barony of Shelburne, county of Wexford, and province of Leinster, 3 miles (E.) from Arthurstown ; containing 770 inhabitants. This parish, which has Jong since merged for civil purposes into those of St. James and Dunbrody, is estimated to contain 3981 statute acres, as applotted under the tithe act. It is an impropriate curacy, in the diocese of Ferns, annexed to those of St. James and Dunbrody: the rectory is impropriate in Lord Teraplemore, to whom the tithe rentcharge, £62. 4., is payable. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish is part of the district of Hook.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 252

20. Glebe-house erected at Tartaraghan in 1775

    near Tartaraghan · parish · Armagh · 1775

    The glebe-house at Tartaraghan was erected in 1775 at an expense of £523, partly funded by a gift of £100 from the Board of First Fruits. The glebe comprises 40 statute acres valued at £50 per annum.

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    The living is a rectory, in the diocese of Armagh, and in the successive patronage of the Lord Primate, the Earl of Charlemont (two turns), and Lord Lurgan ; the tithe rent-charge is £-207. 6. 5. The glebe-house was erected in 1775, at an expense of £5'23, of which £100 were a gift from the late Board of First Fruits, and the remainder was defrayed by the then incumbent ; the glebe comprises 40 statute acres, valued at £50 per annum. The old church was pulled down, and the present church erected in 1816 at a cost of £1300, of Vol. II.— 553

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 317

21. Glebe-house purchased by Board of First Fruits, 1813

    near Kilwaughter · parish · Antrim · 1813

    The glebe and glebe-house in the parish of Kilwaughter were purchased by the late Board of First Fruits in 1813. This was part of the ecclesiastical provisioning for the parish, whose church is at Carncastle.

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    KILWAUGHTER, a parish, in the union of Larne, barony of Upper Glenarm, county of Antrim, and province of Ulster, 1 mile (W. S. W.) from Larne, on the road to Ballymena ; containing '2164 inhabitants. This parish comprises 9803^ statute acres, of which 1 1 5 are under water ; about one-third is arable, and a very large portion mountain and waste land, particularly Agnew Hill, which has an elevation of 1558 feet above the level of the sea. The lands near Kilwaughter Castle are in a high state of cultivation ; there is'some bog, and limestone and basalt are abundant. The castle, the elegant mansion of the Agnew family, proprietors of nine-tenths of the parish, is situated within a beautiful and extensive demesne : in the plantation above the house is a place called Dhu Hole, a fissure in the limestone rock, into which falls a river that is no where seen again till it enters Lough Larne. There are extensive cotton and spinning mills in the parish, that employ nearly 1000 persons ; linen-cloth is woven in some parts. The parish is a rectory, in the diocese of Connor, forming part of the union and corps of the prebend of Camcastle in the cathedral of Connor. A perpetual curacy was lately instituted, called the curacy of Carncasflc and Kilwaughter, which is endowed with a portion of the tithe rent-charge of the latter parish, amounting to £45. The Ecclesiastical Commissioners recommend, that on the next avoidance the united parishes and rectories of Kilwaughter and Carncastle become a distinct benefice, the perpetual curacy to be absorbed therein. The church is at Carncastle; the glebe (in this parish), as also the glebe-house, was purchased by the late Board of First Fruits, in 1S13. There is a small Roman Catholic chapel at Craiganorn. £50 Irish were bequeathed to the poor of the parish by Mr. H. Crawford, and are now under charge of the Board of Charitable Bequests. Some slight remains exist of the old church, in the castle demesne.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 57

22. Glenarm Castle, seat of the MacDonnells

    near Glenarm · village · Antrim

    Glenarm Castle is the residence of the MacDonnell family in the parish of Tickmacrevan, County Antrim. It is described in the account of the town of Glenarm.

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    Antrim, and province of Ulster ; containing, with the post-town of Glenarm and the village of Straidkelly (each separately described), 4443 inhabitants. It comprises an area of 20,506| statute acres ; and is situated on the Glenarm water, which rises in Blemish mountain and discharges itself into the sea at the town, where it is of considerable size. A very large portion of the parish is mountain, bog, and waste ; but the remainder is in a high state of cultivation under the most improved system of agriculture, and produces wheat, beans, and barley, in great abundance and of excellent quality. Limestone of many varieties is found here : some kinds contain echenites, belemnites, and other similar fossils ; and large masses of ponderous iron-ore, and decomposed basalt used in making Roman cement, are found imbedded among the limestone rocks. One species is remarkable for its quality of setting instantly when immersed in water. Great quantities of limestone are exported from Glenarm, the quay of which is much resorted to by Scotch vessels in this trade, which bring coal and general merchandise in exchange. Close to the town is a coal-mine, which has not been worked to advantage ; there are also indications of that mineral in other parts of the parish. Glenarm Castle, the residence of the M"^Donnell family, in this parish, is described in the account of the town. There are several elegant bathing-lodges at Carnlough, which have tended much to induce visiters from the inland parts to resort hither during the summer months.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 332

23. Glencar and varied scenery around Dromahaire and Manorhamilton

    Glencar · electoral division · Leitrim

    Large tracts of good land appear around Dromahaire, Manorhamilton and Glencar, where the face of the country is extremely varied and pleasing. Deep dark rich loam on limestone bottom is also found near Sheemore, Mohill, Dromahaire and Manorhamilton.

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    The form of the county is somewhat pyramidal or approaching to that of a slender cone, having its base resting on Longford, and its apex on the sea-coast : its extreme length is about 46 miles ; its breadth varies from 16 at the former extremity to 2 at the latter. The greater part of the surface not strictly mountainous being occupied by steep hills and deep valleys, the country displays many varieties of picturesque scenery heightened by striking and sudden contrasts of wild heathy mountain, and rich cultivation, wood, and water. The southern extremity from Ruskey to Carrick is fertile and well cultivated, particularly on the banks of the Shannon, which here separates Leitrim from Roscommon and spreads into Lough Boffin, backed by the heights of Sheebeg and Sheemore, forming a fine relief to the lofty grandeur of the more distant mountain of Slieve-an-irin, and the luxuriant swell of the adjacent part of Roscommon. Proceeding northward to Lough Allen, the country, though available for tillage, gradually assumes a gloomy aspect ; and immediately from the verge of this lake, steep ascents stretch to a distance of two, three, and four miles to the mountains, which on almost every side terminate the view : but even here various delightful prospects are obtained, especially near the points where the Shannon enters into and emerges from the lake. The summit of the group called Slievean-irin, or Slieve-an-Jaroin, to the east of Lough Allen, rises 1922 feet above the level of the sea, and is the highest point in this mountainous district, which extends five or six miles northward ; but large tracts of good land appear around Dromahaire, Manor-Hamilton, and Glencar, where the face of the country is extremely varied and pleasing. Not far distant are the mountains of Lacka, 1448 feet high ; Lugnacuillagh, 1485 feet high ; Doon ; Glenfarn or Mullaghusk ; Benbo, 1365 feet high ; and Green Mountain, 9-20 feet. These do not form a connected chain, but are separated by deep and broad valleys containing innumerable low but steep hills. Like those of the Slieve-an-irin group, the mountains are all of similar character, rising at a steep angle from their bases, and, except Benbo, frequently presenting mural precipices from 60 to 100 feet deep ; their summits are all nearly flat, and covered with coarse herbage. Further northward, on approaching the sea, the most

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 69

24. Glencare gave Earl title to Donald Mac Carty More

    near Glencar · population centre · Kerry · 1558–1603

    In the reign of Elizabeth, Glencare gave the title of Earl to Donald Mac Carty More, and it was forfeited by his descendants. Glencare also had a slate quarry and a Roman Catholic chapel.

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    The LIVING is a rectory, in the diocese of Ardfert and Aghadoe, and in the patronage of the Crown ; the tithe rent-charge is £198 : the glebe-house was built in 1825, by a gift of £300 and a loan of £500 from the Board of First Fruits, in 18'28 : there is a glebe of 20 acres. The church, a plain structure with a square tower, was originally built in 1812, by a gift of £800 from the same Board ; but, having been burnt during the disturbances in 1822, was rebuilt in 1825, by a loan of £240 from the Board of Public Works. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish, with the exception of Glencare, forms part of the district of Killorglin ; there is a chapel at Tuagh, and another at Glencare, which latter is in the district of Glcnbegh. At Cullina are two national schools, towards the erection of the house for which the late Colonel Mahony bequeathed £100, and Kean Mahony, Esq., gives two acres of land towards their support. Near Churchtown are the ruins of Castle Cor, formerly the residence of the iNI'^Gillycuddy family. Some remains exist of the old church, in the burialground ; and at Kilgobbinett and Killoghane are those of other churches, or chapels of ease, the latter of which was dependent on Castle Cor. In the reign of Elizabeth, Glencare gave the title of Earl to Donald Mac Carty More, by whose descendants it was forfeited.

    KNOCKANEY.— See A.nev.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 60

25. Glencree barracks erected after 1798

    near Glencree · valley · Wicklow · 1798–1834

    A fine range of buildings known as Glencree barracks was erected by the government following the 1798 disturbances. Lord Powerscourt purchased the barracks in 1834.

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    The scenery of the parish, on the side opposite to that of Powerscourt and the Dargle, abounds with features of impressive character. The valley of Glencree forms a noble vista, four miles in length, inclosed on each side by barren and rugged mountains, and terminating with the lofty mountain of Kippiire, rising 24*3 feet above the level of the sea, and in part impending over the basin of Lough Bray, below which were the Glencree barracks, a fine range of buildings, erected by government after the disturbances of 1798, and purchased by Lord Powerscourt in 1834. The scenery around Lough Bray is pleasingly romantic : there are an upper and a lower lake ; the lower, which is the larger, comprises 64f statute acres, and is near the summit of the mountain, inclosed on one side by lofty and precipitous rocks, and on the other by a steep declivity. This district is much frequented by visiters from Dublin ; the approach is by the military road, which joins the road from Rathfarnham. The Djouce mountain, which has an elevation of 2384 feet above the level of the sea, is on the boimdary of the parish, and forms a prominent feature in the numerous varieties of its mountain scenery. The lands in the parish not in demesne are chiefly under tillage ; the soil is a light limestone-gravel, yielding good crops, and the system of agriculture is improved : turf is procured in abundance on the mountains, and there are several quarries of good granite.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 233

26. Glendalough monastic ruins of antiquarian interest

    Glendalough · electoral division · Wicklow

    Glendalough is described as a collection of monastic ruins of peculiar antiquarian interest, distinguished among the eleven religious establishments formerly in County Wicklow.

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    The VESTIGES of remote antiquity are comparatively few. Near Enniskerry is a small cromlech, and another is to be seen on the summit of Lugnaquilla. Raths are numerous : there are a Druidical circle and a cromlech in Donoughmore ; a cromlech at Baltinglass ; and a curiously sculptured stone at Old Court, near Bray. Besides Glendalough, a collection of monastic ruins of peculiar antiquarian interest, there were eleven religious establishments ; those of which any remains exist are at Rathdrum, Baltinglass, and Wicklow. Ruins of churches are to be seen on Slieve Gadoe near Donard, at Kilcoole, Killeskey, Kilmacanogue, Aghold, Kilbride near Arklow, Killadreeny, Kilpipe, and Templemicbael ; besides slight vestiges of several others, all situated in ancient burial-places. The native septs do not appear to have erected any strong fortresses ; those of which remains exist were built by the English, and serve now to mark the districts in which they secured a permanent footing. The most remarkable are, the Black Castle at Wicklow, Newcastle, Dunganstown, Bray, Old Court near Fassaroe, Kindlestown and Rathdown near Delgany, Carnew, Arklow, Kiltimon, Ballivolan in the parish of Killeskey, Kilcommon and Knockrath near Rathdrum, Grange near Baltinglass, and Castle-Kevin near Annamoe.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 406

27. Glenfarn district lacks marl and limestone-gravel

    Glenfarn · electoral division · Leitrim

    Glenfarn in County Leitrim is identified as a district deficient in limestone-gravel and marl, forcing inhabitants to transport lime from several miles away for agricultural use.

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    In most of the valleys are found limestone-gravel and marl, which are extensively used for manure ; and in the districts of Ballynagleragh and Glenfarn, which are deficient in these materials, the inhabitants bring lime from a distance of three or four miles : sea weed, shells, and sand are not only used in all parts contiguous to the shores, but are carried several miles into the interior. The fences are chiefly a trench from four to six feet wide, having on one side a bank of earth thrown out of the trench, which becomes durable by exposure to the air. A layer of sods is sometimes added, and quicksets are planted on the breast of the bank ; but this sort of hedge or fence is found only in the southern parts of the county, where, on some of the larger farms, doublefaced banks, with trenches on each^side, and planted with thorn, crab, and forest trees, are also to be seen. Farms of every size, from 4 acres to 3000, are to be met with ; the larger principally in the mountainous districts, and mostly under pasture, with some inclosures near the dwelling-houses.

    Vast numbers of young and store c.*.ttle are reared, and in some districts there are large flocks of sheep, but they are not so general as they might be : horned-cattle are preferred, because they require less attention. In the southern parts of the county, and generally in the fertile districts, great improvements have been made \n the breed of this latter stock, by the introduction of English and Scotch cows of the most esteemed sorts. The Durham is a general favourite, but is too delicate for the climate except in sheltered situations ; the North Devon and Hereford do not attain to so great a size as at home. The cross which appears best suited to the richer parts of the county, is that between the old Lei-

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 69

28. Glenflesk and the Outlaw Owen's Bed

    near Glenflesk · population centre · Kerry

    Glenflesk is a wild, richly wooded glen visited for its romantic scenery. Its most picturesque part, Filadowne, is said to have been the retreat of a celebrated outlaw named Owen, with an inaccessible table rock known as Owen's Bed.

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    KILLAHA, a parish, in the union of Killarney, barony of Magoiiiny, county of Kerry, and province of Munster, 5 miles (S. E. byE.) from Killarney, on the road from that place to Macroom ; containing 2660 inhabitants. It comprises 35,260 statute acres, and is situated on the river Flesk ; a wild glen here, called Glenflesk, is richly wooded, with large rocks projecting from its sides, and is much visited by lovers of romantic scenery. Filadowne, the most picturesque part of the glen, is said to have been the retreat of a celebrated outlaw named Owen, and a table rock which is situated midway on the declivity, and inaccessible without a ladder, is still called Labig Oucii, or " Owen's Bed." The retired lake called Lough Guttane or Kittane, nearly si.x miles in circumference, lies in a hollow formed by the rocky and precipitous sides of the mountains of Mangerton and Crohane, between which also extends the rugged glen of Kippoch ; the lake discharges its superfluous waters by a small river which runs into the Flesk, and affords great attraction to anglers by the excellence and abundance of its trout. Slate-quarries are worked at Filadowne and Annamore. There is a constabulary police station. The chief seats are Killaha, Brewsterfield, and Corriglass. The parish is in the diocese of Ardfert and Aghadoe ; the rectory is impropriate, and the vicarage forms part of the union of Kilgarvan ; the tithe rent-charge is £165, of which £67. 10. arc payable to the Earl of Donoughmore, £7. 10. to H. A. Herbert, Esq., and £90 to the \icar. In the Roman Catholic divisions Killaha forms part of the union or district of Glenflesk, which also includes that part of Aghadoe eastward from Killarney, and has a chapel at Rushecn and another at Barraduff. Near the upper entrance to the glen, standing conspicuously on an eminence, are the ruins of Killaha Castle, formerly the residence of the ODonoghues of the Glens ; and at a short distance are the ivy- clad remains of the old church.

    KILLAIIINNY.— See Killeheny.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 33

29. Glenmalure valley and waterfall of the Esk

    near Glenmalur · valley · Wicklow

    The Avonbeg flows through the rugged and precipitous valley of Glenmalur, which terminates suddenly at the waterfall of the Esk. Ballinacor, residence of the Kemmis family, commands a fine view of this wild glen.

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    Ballinacor, Ballykine, Knockrath, and Ratlulrum ; and comprises the villages of Aghrini, Ballinatlash, Uallinderry, Cappagh, Clara, Greenan, Moycreddin or Carysfort, aud Sheanna. It is centrally situated among some of the grandest aud most picturesque scenery of this romantic county. At its southern extremity is the confluence of the rivers Avonmore and Avonbeg, a place better known, since it has been immortalised by the poetry of Moore, as " the Meeting of the Waters :" north of the town, the course of the Avonmore is through the vale of Clara to the Seven Churches, and, more westerly, the Avonbeg passes through the rugged and precipitous valley of Glenmalur, which terminates suddenly at the waterfall of the Esk. The western and by much the larger portion of the parish is occupied by mountain masses, rising above one another, and topped by the summit of Lugnaquilla, which towers over the rest to a height of 3039 feet above the level of Dublin bay at low water. These mountains are rich in minerals. The leadmine of Ballyfinchogue, about a mile from the barrack at Ballinacor, which has been purchased for a residence for the workmen, is now wrought by the Royal Irish Mining Company. The vein, which traverses alternate beds of granite and mica-slate, is penetrated by means of an adit level. Its chief produce is common galena in a matrix of quartz, though white lead-ore and other minerals are likewise found in small quantities. The annual produce is about 300 tons of galena, and the whole was formerly smelted here, but now is merely washed and exported ; the ore produces about 75 per cent, of pure metal. Arrangements are in progress to open another mine on Mr. Parnell's property on the opposite side of the glen. Excellent building-stone is raised in great abundance.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 248

30. Glenmalur waterfalls in parish of Rathdrum

    near Glenmalur · valley · Wicklow

    Glenmalur in the parish of Rathdrum features notable waterfalls and is listed among the most celebrated natural curiosities of County Wicklow.

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    court ; Glenmalur, with its waterfalls, in the parish of Rathdrum ; Lough Dan, near Roundwood ; and Hermitage and Altadore, near Newtown-Mount-Kennedy. The abrupt rocks of vast size at Kilcoole and Cronroe are worthy of especial notice. Wicklow gives the titles of Viscount and Earl to the family of Howard.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 406

31. Glen of Bally-Edmond in Lisgoold

    Lisgoold · parish · Cork · 1789

    The parish of Lisgoold contains the beautiful glen of Bally-Edmond with fine plantations, traversed by the river Curra on its course to Midleton. The church was built in 1789 with help from the late Board of First Fruits.

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    LISGOOLD, a parish, in the union of Midleton, barony of Barrymore, county of Cork, and province of Munster, 6f miles (S. S. E.) from Rathcormac, and on the road from Midleton to Fermoy ; containing 969 inhabitants. It comprises 3154 statute acres; the soil is poor, and the state of agriculture rather backward. The beautiful glen of Bally-Edmond contains some fine plantations, and is traversed by the river Curra in its course to Midleton. Fairs are held at Lisgoold on May 1st, June 24th, Nov. 1st, and Dec. 2 1st. The living is a vicarage, in the diocese of Cloyne, united prior to any existing record to the rectories and vicarages of Ballintemple and Imphrick, the rectory of Ballycaraney, and two-thirds of the rectory of Kilcreden, together con- • stituting the union of Lisgoold and the corps of the precentorship of the cathedral of Cloyne, in the gift of the Bishop : the rectory is impropriate in G. Lukey, of Midleton, Esq. The tithe rent-charge of the parish is £151. 6. 6., of which £89. 0. 6. are payable to the impropriator, and the remainder to the incumbent ; the entire tithe of the benefice of the incumbent is £732. 18. There is a glebe of 1 1 acres, but no glebe-house. The church, towards the erection of which the late Board of First Fruits contributed £500, was built in 1789. With the exception of Lisgoold and Ballycaraney the parishes of the union are detached, at a considerable distance from each other. In the Roman Catholic divisions Lisgoold gives name to the district, which also comprises the parishes of Ballycaraney, Templeboden, and Templenecarrigy ; the chapel is at Lisgoold.

    LISGRIFFIN.— See Buttevant.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 84

32. Glen of Cabra with romantic bridge and ancient battle tradition

    Cabra · townland · Cavan

    The thickly wooded glen of Cabra, nearly a mile in length, is watered by a mountain torrent forming picturesque cascades, with a romantic ivy-covered bridge thrown across it. Tradition records that a northern tribe was met here by the enemy and totally routed, a conflict alluded to in Ossian's poems; old inhabitants recalled the discovery of human bones in the glen.

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    rising ground at a short distance towards the south are the tower of Kingscourt church and part of the town ; and to the south-east, on a high hill, the church of Ardagh. At the western extremity of the demesne is the thickly wooded glen of Cabra, of great depth, and nearly a mile in length, watered by a rapid mountain torrent, which, taking a winding course over beds of rock, forms several picturesque cascades. A romantic bridge is thrown across the glen, the abutments of which are hewn in the solid rock ; the arch, raised to a very great height, is covered with ivy, and ornamented with trees of large growth, whose stems are also entwined with ivy, giving to the bridge a splendid and imposing appearance. Near this spot, on a slight eminence, is Cabra Lodge, where the present proprietor has erected some vertical saw-mills of great power. It is traditionally recorded that one of the northern tribes, in its passage to the west of Ireland, was met in this glen by the enemy, and totally routed and cut to pieces ; old inhabitants recollect the discovery of human bones here, which, the place being unconsecrated ground, must have been those of bodies interred before the Christian era. This conflict is alluded to in Ossians poems, a fact which would, in the opinion of antiquaries, confirm the authenticity of at least a part of that work. Contiguous to Cabra is MuUintra, the grounds of which, together with those of Cormee, the site of the present castle, now form part of the demesne, the whole having been united by the present proprietor.

    The market of Kingscourt is on Tuesday ; and there are fairs on April 1st, May 23rd, June 18th, Aug. 1st, Sept. 19th, Nov. 8th, and Dec. 4th and 24th. A chief constabulary force is stationed here ; and petty-sessions are held on alternate Tuesdays. The parish church is situated in the town, in which are also a handsome Roman Catholic chapel, and a dispensary. In the neighbourhood. are several planted raths, one of which commands a very extensive and magnificent prospect.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 58

33. Glen of Knocknarea with cascades and stupendous rocks

    near Knocknarea · mountain or mountain range · Sligo

    The parish of Killaspicbrown comprehends the glen of Knocknarea, about a mile in length and beautifully planted, with several cascades in the centre and stupendous rocks on each side. At the western extremity there is a fine view of the Ballysadere channel.

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    KILLASOLAN— See Castle-Blakeney. KILLASPICBROWN, or Killaspeckbrone, a parish, in the Upper half-barony of Carbery, union and county of Sligo, and province of Connaught, 4^ miles (W.) from Sligo, and on the bay of Sligo, containing, with Coney and Oyster Islands, 2265 inhabitants. The parish comprises 5624 statute acres ; the land is principally in tillage, and there is some limestone, but no bog. It comprehends the glen of Knocknarea, which is about a mile in length and beautifully planted, with several cascades in the centre, and stupendous rocks on each side ; at the western extremity is a fine view of the Ballysadere channel. At CuUinamore are some good beds of oysters. Killaspicbrown is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of Elphin, forming part of the union of St. John's, Sligo : the tithe rent-charge is £138. 16. 4. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish also forms part of the union or district of St. John's, Sligo, and has a good slated chapel at the base of Knocknarea Hill. At Primrose Grange is a school for boarding, instructing, clothina, and apprenticing 1 10 boys, endowed by the late Edward Nicholson, Esq., of Shgo, with £130 per annum, and 20 acres of mountain land. Here are the ruins of an ancient church, said to have been founded by a bishop named Brone or Brown, from whom the parish derives its name ; but they are now nearly buried by the drifting sands, which have also covered about 400 acres of good land. There are numerous raths, especially near Rathcarrick.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 37

34. Glen of the Downs near Delgany

    near Glen of the Downs · valley · Wicklow

    The Glen of the Downs near Delgany is listed among the most celebrated natural curiosities of County Wicklow, traversed by the new mail-coach road to Wexford.

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    The. Rivers are numerous, but their courses rapid and short, except some of those which flow westward ; the principal are the Liffey, the Slaney, the Ovoca, the Vartrey, and the Derry, Daragh, or Aughrim. The principal Lines of HontI are of first-rate excellence : the new mail-coach road to Wexford, through the Glen of the Downs and the Vale of Ovoca, constructed by grand jury presentments, is a noble line. A new turnpike road on the western side of the county to Carlow, Wexford, Waterford, and Kilkenny, by Blessington and Baltinglass, has also been opened. The cross roads, too. are generally good and in sufficient number : so much has of late years been done in the cutting of new lines of road, as to make it a popular subject of complaint ; but the result is the formation of excellent toll-free lines in every direction. The Military road, which commences near Rathfarnhara, a few miles south of Dublin, and extends southward through the midst of the mountain region, in a line selected with great skill, was planned in 1799, by order of government, with the view of opening a direct and easy line of communication between the city of Dublin and the barracks of Glencrcc, Laragli, Drumgoff, and Aughavanagh, which had been built after the insurrection in the preceding year. It obtained its name from having been made by some Scotch fencible regiments then quartered in the county.

    4R

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 406

35. Glenquin Castle and its successive owners

    Glenquin · townland · Limerick · 1462–1591

    Glenquin Castle in Killeedy parish was built by the O'Hallinans in 1462, seized successively by the O'Briens, O'Hanlons, and Geraldines, forfeited in the Desmond rebellion, and ultimately dismantled by Captain Raleigh.

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    KILLEEDY, a parish, in the union of Newcastle, barony of Glenguin, county of Limerick, and province of Munster, 4 miles (S.) from Newcastle, on the road from that place to Newmarket; containing 6341 inhabitants. The castle of Glenquin here, which gives name to the barony, was built by an Irish chieftain of the O'Hallinans, in 146'2, but was soon afterwards seized by the O'Briens, who retained possession for some years, when it was seized by the O'Hanlons, who in their turn were expelled by the Geraldines, by whom it was forfeited in the Desmond rebellion ; it was ultimately dismantled by Captain Raleigh. This castle was granted to Sir W. Courtney in 1591, together with the castle of Killeedy, which had been erected by the Knights Templars and had afterwards belonged to the earls of Desmond. At Strand, near Glenquin, the Knights Templars erected Temple-Stran, in 1291 ; and the castle of Cleanlis, or Castle English, a strong fortress, the owner of which enjoyed peculiar privileges, was also in this parish. It comprises '25,456 statute acres, of which 9059 are applotted under the Tithe act, and the remainder is mountain and bog : the mountains contain coal, ironstone, and limestone. At Hernsbrook is a very neat residence. The living is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of Limerick, forming the corps of the prebend of Killeedy in the cathedral of Limerick, and is in the patronage of the Bishop : the tithe rent-charge is £36 1. 19- The church and glebe-house were destroyed by the Rock-

    K I L— L E

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 38

36. Glenquin castle ruins at centre of barony

    Glenquin · townland · Limerick

    The barony of Glenquin was named after the castle whose ruins are conspicuous near its centre, created as a subdivision of Upper Connello due to the great extent of the original barony.

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    The county is chiefly in the diocese of Limerick, with some small portions in those of Emly and Killaloe. For purposes of CIVIL jurisdiction it is divided into the baronies of Clanv^illiam, Lower Connello, LTpper Connello, Coonagh, Coshma, Costlea, Kenry, Owneybeg, Pubblebrien, and Small County. Lower Connello is subdivided into the barony of Lower Connello, and the division or barony of Shanid ; and Upper Connello, into that of Upper Connello, and the division or barony of Glenquin : these arrangements have been found necessary from the great extent of the two baronies, which comprised full one-half of the county ; the new divisions were named after the castles whose ruins are conspicuous near their respective centres. Exclusively of the county of the city of Limerick, the county contains the ancient corporate towns of Askeaton and Kilmallock ; the market-town of Kilfinane; the market and post towns of Rathkeale, Newcastle, Bruff, Ballingarry, Pallaskenry, and Glin ; the post-towns of Castle- Connell, Shanagolden, Croom, Cahirconlish, Pallasgreine, Adare, and Broadford ; and the sub-posts of Abbeyfeale, Barrington's-Bridge, Patrick's-Well, and Drumcollogher. Previously to the Union, it sent six members (besides the city members) to the Irish parliament, two for the county at large, and two for each of the boroughs of Askeaton and Kilmallock ; but, since that period, the two returned to the Imperial parliament for the county at large have been its only representatives. The number of electors registered in 1S41 was 16/0, of whom 385 were £50, 153 £'20, and lO^-i £10, freeholders; <2 £50, 12 £'20, and 74 £10, leaseholders; and 13 £50, and 9 £20, rentchargers : the place of election is the city of Limerick. The county is in the Munster circuit ; the assizes are held in the county town, where the courthouse, county gaol, and house of correction are situated. Quarter-sessions are held at Limerick, Newcastle, Rathkeale, and Bruff; and there are bridewells at each of these places, and also at Glin, Kilfinane, and Croom. The local government is vested in a lieutenant, 18 deputy-lieutenants, and 94 other magistrates, with the usual county officers and 4 coroners. There are nearly 70 constabulary police stations, having in the whole a force of one county inspector, six sub-inspectors, six head-constables, 56 constables, and 286 sub-constables, with seven horses ; the expense of whose maintenance in 1842 was £17,170. The lunatic district asylum for this county and those of Clare and Kerry is in the city of Limerick ; there are four fever hospitals, besides that of Limerick, and 30 dispensaries, supported by county presentments and private subscriptions in equal portions. The total amount of grand jury presentments in the year 1844 was £37,320. In military arrangements the county is included in the Limerick district.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 73

37. Glenville house, plantations and mineral springs

    Glenville · townland · Limerick

    Glenville is the residence of a branch of the Massey family, with extensive and luxuriant woods reaching to the mountain summit. Within its grounds are chalybeate and petrifying springs.

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    a substratum of limestone, and produces excellent crops under a judicious system of cultivation ; the meadows and pastures are extremely rich ; great numbers of sheep are fed on them annually, and the mountain districts aflford pasturage for numerous herds of cattle. There are not more than 300 acres of waste land, and much of the rougher kind is daily being brought into cultivation. The mountain range extends from the village of Ardagh to the confines of the county west of Athea, where it joins the county of Kerry, a distance of more than 10 miles ; the general formation is silicious grit and indurated clay or clunch, resting on a limestone base. Throughout the entire range are five several strata of coal, varying from 12 to 40 inches in thickness; but the two upper strata, not more than 16 inches thick, have only yet been worked, and that in a very inefficient manner : all the strata dip very rapidly. Nodules of ironstone are found in the rivulets, and also imbedded in the clunch; limestone is abundant, and no district in Ireland seems better adapted than this for the establishment of iron-works. Flag-stones of very large size are quarried in the mountains, and numerous escars are found almost exclusively of limestone. The principal seats are, Glenville, the residence of a branch of the Massey family ; and Cahermoyle, of W. S. O'Brien, Esq. : the woods around these seats are extensive and luxuriant, and are interesting from their situation in a fertile valley destitute of all timber but what is on the demesnes ; the plantations of Glenville are very extensive, reaching to the summit of the mountain. Athea, or Temple-Athea, is the only village in the parish ; it is very small, but picturesquely situated, and is a station of the constabulary police.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 252

38. Goban's Castle: residence of chieftain O'Cahan

    near Ramoan · parish · Antrim

    About two miles from Ballycastle on the Glenslush water are the ruins of an extraordinary castle called Goban's Castle, once the residence of the powerful chieftain O'Cahan. The ruins are described as very extraordinary.

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    On the summit of Knocklaide is a tumulus called Cairn-an-Truagh, said traditionally to be the burialplace of three Danish princesses. There are several raths in the parish, some terminating in a pointed apex, and others flat on the top like a truncated cone ; of the latter sort, one, within a quarter of a mile of the town, is called Dun-a-Mallaglit, the " cursed fort." The castle of Doonaiiintiey stands on a bold headland, 300 feet above the level of the sea, commanding the channel and the isle of Rathlin : two miles westward are the noble and romantic ruins of Kinbcme, or Kenbann, Castle, built on a projecting cliff of Umestone rock running out several hundred feet into the sea, under some headlands which rise 280 feet above the ruins. In the townland of Ballycastle are the remains of the edifice which gave name to the place ; an uninteresting gable is all that exists : about two miles hence, on the Glenslush water, are the ruins of a very extraordinary castle, called Gobati'Saur, once the residence of the powerful chieftain O'Cahan. Immediately adjoining the quay of Ballycastle are the interesting ruins of the abbey of Boiuimargy, founded by Mac Donnell, in 1509, and which was perhaps the latest erected in Ireland for Franciscan monks ; the chapel is in tolerable preservation, being the burial-place of the Antrim family. According to Archdall, St. Patrick founded a religious house here, called Rath-Moane, in which he placed St. Ereclasius. Vast quantities of beautiful pebbles are found along the shore, among which are chalcedony, opal, dentrites, and belemnites. On the lands of Drumans, on the side of the great mountain of Knocklaide, is a spring, the waters of which are strongly chalybeate and may be conveyed to distant places without any diminution of their effect.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 243

39. Gobhlan pillar-stone and Baal worship tradition

    Naas · town · Kildare

    A single pillar-stone called Gobhlan, about seven feet high, stands not far from a rath and was traditionally supposed to have been erected for the worship of Baal. Similar stones are found at Kilgowan, Furnace, and Punchestown, all in the vicinity of Naas.

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    here are sixteen small conical hills, supposed to be the seats on which the elders sat. Not far from the rath is a single pillar-stone, called Gobhlan, about seven feet high, supposed to have been erected for the worship of Baal. Similar stones are to be seen at Kilgowan, Furnace, and Punch's Town, all in the vicinity of Naas. At Harristown, near Kilcullen, is another of those taper upright stones, with a conical top ; and about two miles from Jigginstown are two, known by the name of the Long Stones. The rath of Knock-Caellagh, near Kilcullen, consists of a tumulus surrounded by a circular intrenchment, '20 feet wide and 10 deep, with a rampart outside the trench : Cromwell is said to have encamped here on his way to the south. Others less remarkable, yet worthy of notice, are to be seen near Rheban, two miles north of Athy, at Kildare, at Naas, near Kilkea Castle, at Moone, at Clane, at Lyons (across which rath the boundary line of the counties of Kildare and Dublin passes), and at Rathsallagh, near Duncavan. On the Curragh are numerous earthworks, most of which appear to be sepulchral, forming a chain of fourteen small raths or circular intrenchments without ramparts, in a line of nearly three miles, extending east and west. A tradition has long prevailed of a stupendous heathen monument of huge stones existing here ; but no vestige of it can now be discovered.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 20

40. Gold case with antique gems found at Corran, 1833

    Corran · townland · Armagh · 1833

    In 1833 at Corran, a cylindrical case of gold was discovered containing many antique gems and ornaments, including a richly carved jet necklace. The find highlights the archaeological richness of the Lisnadill area.

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    founder over the entrance. In the Roman Cathohc divisions the parish is the head of a district called sometimes Bally macnab and Kilcluney, comprising the parishes of Lisnadill and Kilcluney, part of Mullaghbrack, and the district of Armaghbreague ; there are chapels at Ballymacnab and Granemore, and a spacious and handsome chapel lately erected in the parish. The parochial school is endowed with 7 acres of land assigned by Primate Robinson, who also built the school-house. The ancient church was destroyed in the war of 16-11, but its extensive cemetery is still used. At Corran, in 1833, was found a cylindrical case of gold, containing many antique gems and ornaments, among which was a necklace of jet richly carved.

    LISNAKILL, a parish, in the barony of Middlethird, union and county of Waterford, and province of MuNSTER, 4 miles (W. by S.) from AVaterford ; containing 67-t inhabitants. It comprises '2534 statute acres ; the soil is various : in the north-western extremity, slate of good quality for roofing was formerly quarried. The living is a rectory, in the diocese of Waterford, united to part of the rectory of Kilmeaden, together constituting the corps of the treasurership of Waterford, in the patronage of the Bishop. The tithe rent-charge of the parish is £120, and the glebe comprises rather more than 5^ acres ; there is neither church nor glebe-house. At the time of the Down survey there was an ancient castle at this place ; and in a Danish fort, at no great distance, have been found two curious earthen vessels, in one of which was a golden bracelet. At Whitfield, in a vast heap of stones, are two conical apartments built of stone, and supposed to have been used as tombs.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 89

41. Golden Quarry granite in Dublin's public buildings

    Blessington · town · Wicklow

    Granite from the Golden Quarry near Blessington was used in constructing several major Dublin public buildings, including the Bank of Ireland, Trinity College library, and Nelson's Pillar. The quarry supplied building stone of notable quality.

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    Mine Company, the line of which, extending into Connery andTigrony hills, occupies more than one thousand fathoms. These works are on the nortli side of the Ovoca, and there are other productive works on the opposite side, especially in Ballyniurlagh. In Kilcashel some trials have been made, and copper-ore has been met with; indications of copper in Avondale, and of lead in Knockanode, have also been found in the form of slight strings. The abundance of building-stone in every \iart of the county appears from the previous detail : the granite used in building the Bank of Ireland, the library of Trinity College, Nelson's Pillar, and several other of the public buildings of Dublin, was raised from the Golden (juarry near Blessington. The clayslate is seldom found in layers sufficiently thin for roofing; there are, however, good slate-quarries in the parishes of Carnew and Dunganstown.

    The flannel and frieze manufactures were formerly of considerable extent, the chief market for their produce being Rathdrum, where a handsome flannel-hall was erected by the late Earl Fitzwilliam ; but they have entirely declined, and their only vestige is the manufacture of a little frieze for domestic use. The principal fishery is that of herrings at Arklow, which, however, has much declined. They are also taken by a fewfishermen at different places along the coast ; but the extension of this branch of industry is checked by the want of safe harbours for the boats. Oysters are taken at Arklow, and carried to Liverpool and Dublin. The trade of the county consists chiefly in the exportation of its agricultural and mineral produce, and in the importation of the various supplies of foreign articles and manufactured goods necessary for its inhabitants. Although Dublin is a principal market for the northern part of the county, Wicklow is a very improving port, where are several stores ; and grain and cattle are sent from the southern part of the county to New Ross. This trade is carried on by ordinary land-carriage, as the county is devoid of river or canal navigation.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 406

42. Gold Mining History in Killahurler

    Killahurler · parish · Wicklow · 1790–1799

    The parish of Killahurler encompasses much of the district where gold was obtained at the end of the eighteenth century. This gold-bearing district is described further in the article on Arklow.

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    KILLAHURLER, or Kilmaix, a parish, in the union of Rathdrlm, barony of Arklow, county of WiCKLow, and province of Leinster, 4^ miles (\v.) from Arklow ; containing 705 inhabitants. It comprises 3735f statute acres ; and within its limits is the greater part of the district from which gold was obtained at the end of the last century, and which is described in the article on Arklow. The parish is a curacy, in the diocese of Dublin and Glendalough, forming part of the ecclesiastical union of Arklow ; the rectory is appropriate to the deanery of Christ Church, Dublin, and the tithe rent-charge is £62. 6., of which £41. 10. 8. are payable to the dean, and £20. 15. 4. to the curate. In the Roman Catholic divisions also Killahurler forms part of the union or district of Arklow. Here is an old burial-ground.

    KILLAHY, a parish, in the union of Waterford, barony of Knocktoi'Her, county of Kilkenny, and province of Leinster, 6 miles (S.) from Knocktophcr, and on the road from Waterford to Kilkenny ; contain-

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 33

43. Gold ornaments found near Monasterboice, 1835

    Monasterboice · townland · Louth · 1835

    In the summer of 1835 a very large head ornament and fibula of pure gold were discovered near Monasterboice, adding to numerous antiquarian finds across the county.

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    Ballinahatncy, near Duiuialk ; circles and a cromlech on Killin hill ; a fine cromlech at Ballymuscanlan ; and a large cairn on Carrick-Brant. At Uullrighan has heen discovered a curious artificial cave ; and near Killin hill is the extraordinary tort called Faiths iia ain eighe, or " the one night's work." The most ancient mounds appear to be the ordinary tumuli, such as are seen between Dundalk and Drogheda ; in which latter vicinity is a very celebrated structure, at Grange. Next in date are those encompassed with a deep trench, and generally met with in the neighbourhood of some old castle or place of note ; such as those of Castle Guard at Ardee, Greencastle near Castle-Bcllingham, and at Killany. Some mounts have a square redoubt, or other works, attached to the main encircling trench ; as at Castletown. Besides those above mentioned, the places where camps of different kinds occur are, near Ballinahatncy plain; Mount Albani, about two miles from Dundalk : Rosskiigh, near Carrick-Brant, on the banks of the Dundugan river ; Mount Ash, near Louth ; a Danish fort, near Dunlecr ; another at Castletown, near Dundalk ; a round fort at Louth ; Castle Ring, near the same place ; Faughart, to the north of Dundalk ; Mount Bagnal ; and a Danish fort near Castle-Bellingham. A fine round tower is still standing at Monasterboice, and part of another at Dromiskin. The number of religious houses that existed in the county is no less than '23 : there are still remains of those of Carlingford, where the ruined buildings are very interesting ; Faughart, where the vestiges consist of St. Bridget's stone and pillar ; Mellifont, the abbey of which place was very sumptuous; and Monasterboice, where are two crosses, one of which, called St. Boyne's, is among the largest, most ancient, and richly decorated in Ireland. Of the numerous ancient castles, there are remains of those of Haynstown (three miles from Dundalk), Miltown, Killincoole, Darver, Carlingford, Castle- Roche, Dungooly, Rood's-town, Baling (near the northern shore of Dundalk bay), Dunmahan, Glass- Pistol (near Termoufechan), Clonniore, Rath (three miles from Carlingford), Ardee, Termoufechan, Ballrighan (two miles west of Dundalk), and Castletown. All of these, together with the chief modern mansions of the nobility and gentry, are particularly described in their respective parishes. A great number of ornaments of pure gold, swords, spears, axes of bronze, and other relics of antiquity, have been found in various places ; and in the summer of 1835 a very large head ornament and fibula of pure gold were found near Monasterboice.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 114

44. Gold signet ring dug up near Grange

    Grange · town · Sligo

    A gold signet ring weighing nearly an ounce was discovered by a labourer in a field near Grange, in Templeboy parish, some years before the publication of the dictionary.

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    TEMPLEBOY, a parish, in the barony of Tyre- R.\GH, union and county of Sligo, and province of CoNNACGHT, 3 milcs (E.) from Dromore-West, on the mail-coach road to Ballina j containing 3812 inhabitants. This parish, which is situated at the entrance of the bay of Sligo, and includes within its limits the point or headland of Aughris, comprises 9112^ statute acres. A large portion is mountainous, and there is a considerable tract of bog ; the land is generally of good quality and principally under tillage, but the system of agriculture is not improved. There are quarries of stone of good quality for building, and also of slate. The principal seats are Sea View House, Cork Hill, Grange, and Donahantra. The entrance of the bay of Sligo, from the headland of Anghris to the point of Rinoran, is about five miles wide; and the shores of the parish, which are bold and rocky, are curiously indented with caverns excavated by the action of the waves. One of these, called Seals' Hole, from the number of seals which frequent it, is nearly 100 yards in length ; at the entrance are some remarkable pendent cliffs, more than 100 feet above the water, which rushes in with great violence. The cavern called Khorandhun, or "the Iron chest," extends a considerable distance under the cliff, and is frequently visited by strangers ; a small landing-place has been made near it by the coast-guard, enabling small fishing-boats from the Donegal coast to land in safety. At PuUendiva is a coastguard station, one of the five that constitute the district of Sligo. The parish is a vicarage, in the diocese of Killala, forming part of the union of Kilmacshalgan; the rectory is impropriate in R. W. Hillas, Esq., and Colonel Gore, and the tithe rent-charge is £420, of which £262. 10. are payable to the impropriators, and the remainder to the vicar. The Roman Catholic parish is co-extensive with that of the Established Church. A priory of Augustine canons was founded in 1280 at Akeras, otherwise Kilmantine, by the family of Mac Donald; the prior was in 1544 consecrated bishop of Elphin. In a field near Grange a gold signet ring, weighing nearly an ounce, was dug up by a labourer, some years since.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 319

45. Gold torques and ornaments found near Mullingar

    Mullingar · town · Westmeath

    Several coins and ornaments of gold were found in the neighbourhood of Mull parish, and in a bog near the town a torques of pure gold weighing 11 ounces was discovered. These finds point to ancient settlement in the area.

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    are interred ; at Beardstown are the ruins of a fortress, and also at Balthrasna : several coins and ornaments of gold have been found in the neighbourhood, and, in a bog near the town, a torques of pure gold weighing 1 1 oz. The head of the family of Petit was anciently styled Baron of IMullingar, which title was also conferred by William HI. on Schomberg.

    MULLINS, ST., a parish, in the poor-law union of New Ross, partly in the barony of Bantry, county of Wexford, but chiefly in that of Lower St. Mullins, county of Carlow, and province of Leinster, 4 miles (S. by E.) from Graigue ; on the road from Ross to Graigue and Borris, and on the river Barrow ; containing 6769 inhabitants. Its name is derived from the ancient monastery founded by St. Moling or Mullin, at a place called Aghacainid, subsequently Teighmolin, or " St. Mulhn's House," about the year 632, or, according to some historians, in the middle of the century. St. Moling, being a native of this part of the island, and one of the royal race of Leinster, was afterwards made bishop of Ferns. In 951 the church was plundered by the Danes, and the abbey was destroyed by fire in 1 138. The remains of the ancient edifices, and the present parish church, occupy a beautiful situation on the eastern bank of the river Barrow, at a spot where its banks are finely elevated, on the opposite side well wooded, and where a small stream merges into it from a deep defile that extends to the church from the village of Glynn, presenting some picturesque scenes. The parish comprises 21,201 statute acres, of which 998 are common, 423 woodland, 67 1 waste, 1475 bog, and the remainder arable ; it derives considerable facility for the transit of its produce from the Barrow navigation. Road-sessions are held at Glascany ; and fairs at St. Mullins on June igtli, July 25th, Sept, 8th, and Nov. 1st, for the sale of general farming stock.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 186

46. Gosford Castle and demesne at Markethill

    near Markethill · town · Armagh

    The demesne and splendid castle of Gosford, property of Viscount Gosford, greatly enhance the beauty of the town of Markethill in County Armagh. The town lies on the coach-road between Armagh and Newry.

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    MARKETHILL, a market and post town, partly in the parish of Mcllaghbrack, and partly in the district of KiLCLUNEY, barony of Lower Fews, union and county of Armagh, and province of Ulster, ji miles (E.) from Armagh, on the coach-road to Newry, and 60 miles (N.byW.) from Dublin; containing 14<24 inhabitants, and comprising 310 houses. It consists of one principal street from which two others diverge, and is situated in the midst of a fertile country ; the demesne and splendid castle of Gosford, the property of Viscount Gosford, adding greatly to its beauty. Two miles to the south-west is the Vicar's Cairn, or Carricktole, commanding a most extensive view. Dean Swift in his writings notices a favourite spot here, which he named Draper's Hill ; it is within Lord Gosford's demesne. This is a thriving town, having more than doubled its inhabitants and houses within the last fifteen years : it has an excellent market on Friday, and a fair on the third Friday in each month for cattle and pigs ; and a neat market- house, built by Lord Gosford, was completed in 1H46. Petty-sessions are held every Friday, and quarter-sessions for the county alternately with Ballybot, in a newly erected court-house, at the rear of which is a bridewell containing three cells, a dayroom, and yards. The staff of the Armagh militia is at this town ; among their muniments is deposited the stand of colours taken by them from the French at Ballynamuck, in 1798. There are large meeting-houses for Presbyterians, and one for Wesleyan Methodists ; also a dispensary. — See Mullaghbrack. MARLFIELD.— See Abbey.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 138

47. Gothic chapel at Timahoe

    Timahoe · townland · Laois

    A handsome chapel has been erected at Timahoe in the Gothic style, capable of accommodating 4000 persons, as part of the Roman Catholic district headed at Stradbally parish in Queen's County.

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    The parish comprises 2466|- statute acres : the land is good, and much of it in demesne ; the system of agriculture is improved, and very excellent limestone is procured, which is used for building and other purposes. The vicinity of the town is beautifully varied. Stradbally Hall is a handsome mansion adjoining the town, and situated in a highly embellished demesne, within the limits of which was the ancient castle of the O'Mores. Brockley Park, formerly occupied by the Earl of Roden, is pleasantly situated on the opposite side of the town. In the vicinity are also Ballykilcavan, the seat and improved demesne of Sir Edward Welsh, Bart, i Kellyville ; Timogue ; Ballymanus ; Moyanna ; Vicarstown ; Rahinduffe ; Derry ; Lohihoa ; Clopook ; and Esker. The living is a vicarage, in the diocese of Leighlin, united by act of council, in 1*74, to the vicarage of Moyanna, and in the patronage of T. P. Cosby, Esq. ; the rectory is impropriate in the Provost and Fellows of Trinity College, Dublin. The tithe rentcharge of the parish is £156. 10. 8., of which £104. 12. are payable to the impropriators, and the remainder to the vicar. The glebe-house is a good residence, and the glebe comprises 12 acres; the gross tithe of the benefice of the vicar is £ 1 55. 15. The church, a handsome building in the town, was erected in 1764 by subscription; the Ecclesiastical Commissioners recently granted £321 for its repairs. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish is the head of a district, comprising also the parishes of Moyanna, Corclone, Timogue, Fossey, and Kilcolmanbrook : the chapel in the town is a spacious edifice, and a handsome chapel has been erected at Timahoe in the Gothic style, capable of accommodating 4000 persons. A battle is said to have been fought at Stradbally bridge between the first settlers of the Cosby family and a native sept, in which the leaders on both 535

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 301

48. Gothic chapel at Tubbercurry built 1830

    Tobercurry · town · Sligo · 1830

    A neat chapel with an octagonal tower was erected at Tubbercurry in 1830, aided by a £900 gift from the late Board of First Fruits. It is built of limestone from a quarry in the parish in the Gothic style on a commanding eminence.

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    TUBBERCURRY, or Tobercorry, a chapelry, in the parish of Achonry, barony of Leney, union and county of Sligo, and province of Connaught, 8^ miles (S. W.) from Ballymote, and on the road from Boyle to Ballina ; containing 783 inhabitants. The village, which comprises 149 houses, has a receiving-house for letters under Ballymote, and a dispensary : it is a constabulary police station ; and petty-sessions are held in it every Thursday. There is a market on Monday ; and fairs are held on Feb. 6th, March 25th, May 22nd, June 27th, Aug. 15th, Oct. 4th, and Nov. 29th. The chapel is a neat building with an octagonal tower, erected in 1830 by aid of a gift of £900 from the late Board of First Fruits : it is built of limestone (procured from a quarry in the parish) in the Gothic style, and stands on a commanding eminence. The curate is appointed by the Dean of Achonry, and has a stipend of £75.

    TUBBERMORE, or Tobarmore, a post-town^ in the parish of Kilcronaghan, union of Magherafelt, barony of Loughinsholin, county of Londonderry, and province of Ulster, 18 miles (S.) from Coleraine, on the road to Armagh, and 98 (N. by W.) from Dublin ; containing 525 inhabitants. It is situated on the river Moyola, and consists of an irregular street containing 121 small thatched houses. Fairs are held on Jan. 17th, Feb. 13th, March 28th, May 31st, July 5th, Aug. 12th, and Oct. 19th. Here are chapels for Independents and Presbyterians. The ancient fountain, or Tober-mor, which gave name to the town, and is now dry, was once sufficiently powerful to supply a mill close by, now in ruins.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 355

49. Gothic spired church at Castlepollard, 1821

    Castlepollard · town · Westmeath · 1821

    A handsome Gothic-style church surmounted with a spire was built in Castlepollard in 1821 at a cost of £2,769, funded by a loan from the late Board of First Fruits. The Earl of Longford and W. D. Pollard contributed to repayment.

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    house is a good comfortable building, in Castle-Pollard. The church is a handsome building surmounted with a spire, in the Gothic style, and in excellent repair, built in 1821, at a cost of £2769, being a loan from the late Board of First Fruits, one-third of it repayable in annual instalments by the Earl of Longford and W. D. Pollard, Esq., the remainder by the united parishes. There is also a church in the parish of Mayne. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish is the head of a district, called Castle-Pollard, comprising the parishes of Rathgraff, Lickbla, and Favoran ; in which union are four chapels, two in Rathgraff, one in Castle-Pollard, and another at Millcastle. Ruins exist of the old church of Rathgraff.

    RATHGRANAGHER, a village, in the parish of KiLMAiNMORE, uuiou of Ballinrobe, barouy of Kil- MAiN, county of Mayo, and province of Connaught ; containing 137 inhabitants.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 250

50. Government-erected village on Pobble O'Keefe estate

    Kingwilliamstown · townland · Cork

    The village of Kingwilliamstown was erected by government on the crown estate of Pobble O'Keefe within Nohoval-Daly parish. Considerable progress had been made in draining, planting, and other improvements on the estate.

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    NOHOVAL-DALY, a parish, in the union of Kan- TURK, partly in the barony of Magonihy, county of Kerry, but chiefly in that of Dlhallow, county of Cork, and province of Minster, 5 miles (X. W.) from Millstreet, and on the river Blackwater ; containing 3954 inhabitants. It comprises 17,373 statute acres: the portion belonging to the county of Kerry forms part of a district called, in the civil divisions, the " East Fractions. " The arable land is of medium quality ; there is a large quantity of marshy bog. The parish comprises the greater part of the crown estate of Pobble O'Keefe, on which the village of " Kiiig-William's-Town" has been erected by government ; and considerable progress has been made in draining, planting, and other

    NOUG

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 216

51. Government improvements at Pobble O'Keefe estate

    Kingwilliamstown · townland · Cork · 1832–1837

    Works commenced in September 1832 under government engineer Mr. Griffith, including new roads, a village on the eastern bank of the Blackwater, a school-house in Elizabethan style, and a model farmhouse. A vein of culm was discovered and worked for burning limestone from quarries at Carrigdulkeen and Taur.

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    KING -"WILLIAMS-TOWN, a village, recently erected by government, in the parish of Nohoval- Daly, union of Kanturk, barony of Duhallow, county of Cork, and province of Munster, 85 miles (S. E.) from Castleisland ; on the river Blackwater, and on the new government road from Castleisland to Roskeen Bridge : the population is returned with the parish. It is situated nearly in the centre of the crown lands of Pobble O'Keefe, comprising about 9000 statute acres, which formed part of an extensive territory forfeited by the O'Keefes in 1641, and have since remained in the occupation of the lessees of the crown. On the expiration of the last lease, granted about a century since to the Cronin family, it was determined by the Commissioners of Woods and Forests, on the recommendation of their surveyor, Mr. "Weale, to retain the estate in their own hands ; to commence a series of experimental improvements in draining, planting, building, kc. ; and by the construction of new roads to render accessible this hitherto wild, neglected, and uncultivated district. For these purposes the commissioners were empowered, by an act passed in 1832, to appropriate £17,000 from the revenues of the crown; to which the grand juries of Cork and Kerry added presentments amounting to £7937. The works were accordingly commenced in Sept. 1832, under the superintendence of Mr. Griffith, the government engineer ; and after considerable progress had been made in the intersection of this mountain district by two important lines of road (noticed in the article on the county of 190

    Cork), the erection of the village was commenced on the eastern bank of the Blackwater, on the road to Castleisland, which here crosses the river over a handsome stone bridge of two elliptic arches.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 58

52. Government road from Castleisland to King-William's-Town

    Castleisland · town · Kerry

    A government road from Castleisland to King-William's-Town was lately completed, opening communication through a wild and mountainous tract. Another road from Kenmare to Glengariff continued a line from Killarney completed about twenty years prior.

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    forming the boundary between tbis county and Cork, flows eastward through the latter county into the Atlantic at Youghal. The roads have been considerably improved. A government road from Castleisland to King-William's-Town was lately completed ; as was another under the Board of Public Works, from Kenmare to Glengariff, in continuation of a line from Killarney to Kenmare completed about twenty years since : each of the three opens a communication through a wild and mountainous tract. Several other new roads are in progress or projected.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 11

53. Grace O'Malley's castle at Doona

    Doona · townland · Mayo

    The remains of a castle at Doona belonged to the celebrated Grace O'Malley, known as Gran-Uile. The ruins stand as a testament to the power of the famous Gaelic chieftain in this part of Mayo.

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    The living is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of Killala, and iu the patronage of the Bishop ; the tithe rent-charge is £"255. The church has been lately rebuilt at a cost of £581, raised by subscription ; divine service was previously performed in the court-house at Belmullet, and at a coast-guard station. There is no glebe-house ; the glebe comprises 35i acres. Iu the Roman Catholic divisions the parish forms three districts ; Ballycroy, in which is an old thatched building at Cross Hill, used as a chapel ; Kilcommon West, in which is a chapel built in 1 83^, at an expense of £300, by subscription ; and Kilcommon East, the chapel of which is at Bangor. At Kiltairn, on the banks of the Owenmore, are the remains of an ancient abbey; at Kilgalligan, the ruins of a monastery ; and at Doona, the remains of a castle belonging to the celebrated Grace O'Malley, known by the name of Gran-Uile. Near Pallatomas is an old burial-ground. The parish is rich in minerals, among which are the Greenland 34

    pot-stone, the rutil, kyanite, white limestone, felspar, rock-crystal, garnet, micaceous quartz, and other varieties. In the townland of Enver is a Druidical altar, consisting of three upright stones supporting a large flagstone. In January, 1 83.5, a labourer discovered several gold coins in a field on that townland ; and shillings of the reigns of the Edwards and Henry VIII. are frequently dug up in various parts. The Rev. W. Maxwell wrote the greater portion of his works at Croy Lodge, the neighbourhood of which was the scene of his IFild Sports of the West. — See Belmullet.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 16

54. Grace O'Malley's stronghold in the Irish Highlands

    Clifden · town · Galway

    The parish of Clifden, regarded as the Irish Highlands, was the stronghold of Grace O'Malley (Grana-Uile), whose seafaring exploits earned her an interview with Queen Elizabeth. It is noted as the nearest point of land in Europe to America.

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    nite shore with rocks in the offing, outside of which arc the small isles of Cruagh, High, and Friars ; between these and the main land is deep water, but with several rocks and breakers. This district, which is regarded as the Irish Highlands, was the stronghold of the celebrated Grana-Uile, or Grace O'Malley, whose heroic exploits by sea i)rocured for her the honour of an interview with Queen Elizabeth. The parish is the nearest point of land in Europe to the continent of America.

    The living is a rectory or vicarage, in the diocese of Tuam, forming part of the union of Ballynakill ; the tithe rent-charge is £37. 1. 6. The glebe-house, a very comfortable residence situated in the town of Clifden, was built in 18'23 at an expense of £507; £415 were a gift and £92 a loan from the late Board of First Fruits, which also granted £554 for the erection of a church at Clifden, which serves for the whole union. The glebe comprises 40 acres, valued at £40 per annum. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish is the head of a union, called Clifden, comprising also the parish of Ballindoon, and containing three chapels, two in this parish and one in Ballindoon. At Errislaneen are the ruins of a church, and within a mile of the town are evident traces of a Druidical station ; there arc chalybeate springs at Clifden and Kingstown. OMULLOD.— See Clonlea.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 224

55. Granard Castle on a commanding hilltop

    Granard · townland · Longford

    Granard Castle is built on a hill rising to a considerable height above the town, commanding an extensive view over all the flat country. It is one of the surviving ancient castles of the county.

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    original buildings remain, and their actual site is matter of doubt. At Lanesborough are the ruins of a collegiate church, or preceptory, originally founded by the Knights Templars. The remains of ancient castles are not so numerous here as in most of the other level counties. Granard Castle is built on a hill rising to a considerable height above the town, and commanding an extensive view over all the flat country. Besides Castle Forbes, the Forbes family had a fortified mansion at Longford, which was burned by the O'Nials in 160.5. At Tenellick is the ruin of a strong castle, and near Ballymahon are the remains of two others. There are still remains of Rathcline Castle, the chief residence of the O'Cuins ; and, not far from it, the ruins of a very ancient church. At Ballymahon was a strong castle erected to defend the ford of the Inny, the only traces of which are the cellars, under a house built on its ruins. Barnacor Castle and Lot's Castle, on the Inny, on the opposite banks, were both erected to protect the important pass or ford of that river ; and at Castlecor are some remains of its ancient fortress. Fossil remains of various kinds have been discovered in the limestone caverns and fissures ; many of them are of animals unknown in these regions, and several of species now extinct in Ireland. The bones and horns of the elk have been dug up in the marl at the foot of the Escars, and beneath several of the bogs ; also, in a small lake near Ballinalee the antlers and bones of the red-deer are often found quite sound, having been preserved by the antiseptic properties of the bog-water.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 107

56. Grand Canal aqueduct over the Barrow at Monasterevan

    Monasterevin · town · Kildare

    At Monasterevan, the Athy branch of the Grand Canal crosses the River Barrow by a noble aqueduct. From this crossing another branch leads toward Portarlington and Mountmellick.

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    Among the principal rivers is the Boyne, which rises in the Bog of Allen, in the parish of Carbery, close on the boundary of the King's county, running along which it enters the county of Meath at Clonard, and, passing by the towns of Trim, Navan, and Slane, flows into the sea at Drogheda : its principal tributaries are the Blackwater and Deel, in Meath. The Barrow enters the county from the Queen's county; it forms the greater portion of the western boundary of Kildare, and passing by the towns of Monastereven and Athy, enters Carlow at the parish of Painstown : in its course it is joined by the Feagile, the Little Barrow, the Finnery, the Gris, and the Ler or Lune. The Liffey enters the county from that of Dublin at Kilteel, and running a circuitous course to Leixlip, receives the Rye water, which forms part of the northern boundary of Kildare, and its tributary the Lyreen : it also receives the Morrel between Celbridge and Clane. The Grand Canal enters this county near Lyons, nine miles from Dublin, and quits it for the King's county near the source of the Boyne, in the Bog of Allen. Near Sallins it is carried over the Liffey by an elegant aqueduct, whence a branch leads to the town of Naas ; and from Naas is another branch to Harbourstown, in the direction of KilcuUen, which was intended to be continued to Wexford. From Robertstown, just where the canal enters the Bog of Allen, a branch diverges, and passing through the Queen's county falls into the Barrow at Athy, opening a communication with Carlow, New Ross, and Waterford. From this line a branch, called the Miltown canal, leaves it near Robertstown, and proceeds in the direction of the Curragh ; and at Monastereven, where the Athy line crosses the Barrow by a noble aqueduct, another branch leaves it for Portarlington and Mountmellick. The summit level of the canal is in this county, from which each branch is amply supplied with water in the driest seasons without the expense of a reservoir. 'I he Royal Canal enters near Leixlip, seven miles from Dublin, and passes a little south of Maynooth and Kilcock to Nicholastown, near which it leaves this county and enters Meath ; it re-enters it by an aqueduct over the Blackwater, and continues to the Boyne, over which it is conveyed by an aqueduct, again entering Meath near Clonard.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 20

57. Grand Canal aqueduct over the Liffey at Sallins

    Sallins · town · Kildare

    Near Sallins, the Grand Canal is carried over the River Liffey by an elegant aqueduct. From this point a branch leads to Naas, with a further branch intended toward Harbourstown and Kilcullen.

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    Among the principal rivers is the Boyne, which rises in the Bog of Allen, in the parish of Carbery, close on the boundary of the King's county, running along which it enters the county of Meath at Clonard, and, passing by the towns of Trim, Navan, and Slane, flows into the sea at Drogheda : its principal tributaries are the Blackwater and Deel, in Meath. The Barrow enters the county from the Queen's county; it forms the greater portion of the western boundary of Kildare, and passing by the towns of Monastereven and Athy, enters Carlow at the parish of Painstown : in its course it is joined by the Feagile, the Little Barrow, the Finnery, the Gris, and the Ler or Lune. The Liffey enters the county from that of Dublin at Kilteel, and running a circuitous course to Leixlip, receives the Rye water, which forms part of the northern boundary of Kildare, and its tributary the Lyreen : it also receives the Morrel between Celbridge and Clane. The Grand Canal enters this county near Lyons, nine miles from Dublin, and quits it for the King's county near the source of the Boyne, in the Bog of Allen. Near Sallins it is carried over the Liffey by an elegant aqueduct, whence a branch leads to the town of Naas ; and from Naas is another branch to Harbourstown, in the direction of KilcuUen, which was intended to be continued to Wexford. From Robertstown, just where the canal enters the Bog of Allen, a branch diverges, and passing through the Queen's county falls into the Barrow at Athy, opening a communication with Carlow, New Ross, and Waterford. From this line a branch, called the Miltown canal, leaves it near Robertstown, and proceeds in the direction of the Curragh ; and at Monastereven, where the Athy line crosses the Barrow by a noble aqueduct, another branch leaves it for Portarlington and Mountmellick. The summit level of the canal is in this county, from which each branch is amply supplied with water in the driest seasons without the expense of a reservoir. 'I he Royal Canal enters near Leixlip, seven miles from Dublin, and passes a little south of Maynooth and Kilcock to Nicholastown, near which it leaves this county and enters Meath ; it re-enters it by an aqueduct over the Blackwater, and continues to the Boyne, over which it is conveyed by an aqueduct, again entering Meath near Clonard.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 20

58. Grand Canal branch boosts Mountmellick trade

    Mountmellick · town · Laois

    A branch of the Grand Canal was brought to Mountmellick from Monastereven, greatly promoting the town's trade in corn, butter, and general merchandise. The canal connection spurred rapid commercial growth in the Queen's County town.

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    a tanyard, and three breweries, a flour-mill, two soap manufactories, a distillery making about 1'20,000 gallons of whisky annually, and some long established potteries for tiles and the coarser kinds of earthenware. A branch of the Grand Canal, brought to the town from Monastereven, has greatly promoted its trade in corn, butter, and general merchandise, which is rapidly increasing. In the excise arrangements Mount-Mellick is within the district of Kilkenny. A branch of the Bank of Ireland was established in 1S36. The market days are Wednesday and Saturday ; fairs for cattle, horses, sheep, and pigs are held on Feb. 1st, March 17th, May 1st, June 2nd. Thursday after Trinity-Sunday, July 20th, Aug. seth, Sept. 29th, Nov. 1st, and Dec. 11th. A chief constabulary police force is stationed in the town, and there are subordinate stations at Clonaslee, Kilcabin, and Rosenallis. By a recent act of parliament, general-sessions are appointed to be held here in April and October ; and petty-sessions for the district are held every Monday by the county magistrates : a new court-house has been erected near a new street leading from the church square to Irishtown. Here is a chapel of ease to the parish of Rosenallis, a handsome edifice, lately repaired by a grant of £110 from the Ecclesiastical Commissioners. In the Roman Catholic divisions this place is the head of the district of Mount- Mellick and Castlebrack, comprising parts of the parishes of Rosenallis, Castlebrack, and Coolbanagher, and containing the chapels of Mount-Mellick and Castlebrack : the former is a spacious structure. There are places of worship for the Society of Friends, and Primitive and Wesleyan Methodists ; also a dispensary; and a Temperance Society has been formed. The union workhouse, on a site of six acres held at a rent of £37. ]., was completed in 1842 at a cost of £6915, and is constructed to receive SOD inmates. At Derryguile is a chalybeate spring.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 173

59. Grand Canal branch to Naas completed 1789

    Naas · town · Kildare · 1789

    A branch from the Grand Canal, commencing about a mile below Sallins, passes through Naas and terminates at Corbally in the parish of Carnalloway. Completed in 1789 at a cost of £12,300, it facilitated conveyance of corn, coal, culm, and turf from Dublin.

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    The TOWN, which is chiefly the property of the Burgh family, is pleasantly situated in a fine, open, and fertile tract of country, gently undulating and enriched with wood, and beautifully contrasted on the south-east by the varied outline of the Wicklow mountains. It consists principally of one main street, extending about half a mile along the great southern road, which at one e,Ktremity of the town divides into two branches, forming respectively the coach-roads to Kilkenny and Limerick : at the other extremity is a street at right angles to the former, continued along the road to Kilcock and Maynooth ; and there are several smaller streets. The total number of houses is 634, of which a few are handsomely built and the remainder of indifferent appearance ; the streets are neither paved nor lighted, but the inhabitants are amply supplied with water from rich streams and from wells. The infantry barracks, about a quarter of a mile from the town, a handsome pile of building with a cupola above the principal range, are adapted for I7 officers and 4 1'J non-commissioned officers, with stabling for four horses, and an hospital for 30 patients. Races are in some years held on a course about a mile from the town, on the Limerick road, and continue five days, usually preceding the Curragh Midsummer meetings. The principal trade is in corn, which is generally bought by the neighbouring millers ; in the neighbourhood are several extensive flour-mills, each capable of producing from 8000 to 10,000 barrels annually. A considerable traffic is also derived from the situation of the place on a great public thoroughfare, and from the influx of persons attending the assizes and quartersessions. A branch from the Grand Canal, commencing about a mile below Sallins, passes through the town, and terminates at Corbally, in the parish of Carnalloway ; it was completed in 1789, at an expense of £1'2,300, and affords facility of conveyance for corn, coal, culm, and turf, and various other articles of merchandise, which are brought from Dublin to the town in great quantities for the supply of the neighbourhood. The Great South-Western railway passes over the river Liffey a mile and a half from Naas, by a handsome wooden bridge, near which, at Sallins, is one of its chief stations. In the excise arrangements the town gives name to, and is the head of, a district which comprises the towns of Maynooth, Naas, Kilcullen, Athy, and IMonastereven, in the county of Kildare ; the towns of Bray and Wicklow, in the county of Wicklow ; and all that part of the county of Dublin which is south of the metropolis. The markets are on Monday and Thursday, and are supplied with corn, with all kinds of provisions, and with abundance of poultry, which is sold in large quantities for the Dublin market : fairs are held on March I'th, 380

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 193

60. Grand Canal through King's County to Shannon-Harbour

    Shannon Harbour · electoral division · Offaly

    The Grand Canal enters King's County near Edenderry and runs westward through Philipstown and Tullamore to join the Shannon at Shannon-Harbour near Banagher, providing the chief line of trade connecting Dublin with Ballinasloe and the Shannon.

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    course through its entire length, in a western direction, by Philipstown and TuUaniore, till it joins the Shannon, at Shannon-Harbour, near Banagher, opening a direct communication with Dublin on the one side, and with Ballinasloe and the Shannon on the other : this is the chief line of trade for the county. It has been proposed to make a navigation from the Shannon up the Lesser Brosna to Parsonstown. The roads are numerous in every part, and have been greatly improved within the last few years ; several new lines have been opened through the bogs. But notwithstanding the central situation and great extent of this county, it is a singular fact, that there is not a mail-coach to or from any town in it ; the only mail-coach road touching the county is that from Dublin to Limerick, and this but for a very short distance south of Roscrea. The roads are all maintained by grand jury presentments.

    Internet Archive topographicaldic02inlewi, Chapter 58